2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) was examined as a cor rosion inhibitor for copper corrosion in 2M nitric acid solution, using mass loss technique and quantum che mi al studies, based on density functional theory(D FT) at B3LYP level with different basis sets including 6-3 1G (d), 6-31G (d, p), and LanL2DZ. The percentage i nhibition efficiency IE (%) was found to increase with increa sing inhibitor concentration and increasing tempera tu e. Adsorption of the molecule on copper surface follow s the modified Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic functions related to the adsorption a nd the activation processes were calculated and dis cus ed. The calculated quantum chemical parameters correlated t o the inhibition efficiency are the highest occupie d molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy ( ELUMO), the HOMO-LUMO energy gap, hardness ( η), softness (S), the dipole moment ( μ), the electron affinity (A), the ionization energy (I), the absolute electronegativity ( χ), the fraction ( ∆N) of electrons transferred from (MBT) to copper an d the electrophilicity index (ω). The local reactivity has been analysed through t he condensed Fukui function and the condensed softn e s indices in order to determine the sites for nucleop hilic and electrophilic attacks. Theoretical result s and experimental ones are in well accordance.


Memory clinics have gained recognition for assessment, diagnosis and treatment of a range of memory and cognitive conditions and are often the single point of access for people with suspected dementia. Few studies have focused on the experiences of those who attend a memory clinic for assessment and who receive a dementia diagnosis. The aim of the systematic review reported herein was to explore the experiences of attending a memory clinic from the perspectives of those who receive a dementia diagnosis.

 A meta-synthesis systematic review was undertaken using six databases including CINAHL Complete, Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, ASSIA and Web of Science. An extensive grey literature search was also undertaken. The search yielded 10,490 studies, and following screening by two reviewers, those studies that met the inclusion criteria were then quality assessed using the Brunton et al. (2011) Quality Assessment Criteria and Scoring Tool. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the included studies.

 Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The resultant meta-synthesis of the evidence identified three analytical themes: (1) 'Assessment and diagnosis: an emotional journey' demonstrated that attending a memory clinic can involve a broad range of emotions; (2) 'Assessment: a relational experience' highlighted the significance of the nature and quality of the clinician-person relationship; (3) 'Information: a variable experience' identified the importance of information and its timeliness.

 Findings highlighted the need to raise awareness of dementia and the role of memory clinics and to keep those who attend, informed about the assessment process at each stage. This may help to alleviate some of the challenging emotions associated with attending a memory clinic. Findings further suggest the potential importance of additional communication training for clinicians, especially where difficult and complex disclosures of dementia need to be made.


Customers of e-commerce platforms often rely on other customers' reviews to make purchasing decisions. On these e-commerce platforms, such as Amazon, sellers will sometimes use fake reviews, often created by bots, to boost ratings on their products. This can negatively affect customer purchase satisfaction. This research employs unsupervised learning algorithms K-Means, DBSCAN, and OPTICS to discover clusters of potential bot reviewer feature values. These clusters will then be analyzed and used for training multiple classifier networks to attempt to be able to detect bot reviewers using machine learning. The results of this research article point towards a direction that this is a possible future path given additional research and domain expertise.


Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments(SCPI) are widely used in operating and controlling of test and measurement instrument.Aiming at SCPI command subsets of digital oscilloscope,a kind of SCPI interpreter is researched and implemented in this paper.This interpreter adopts a structure based on the binary tree to build up the SCPI command tree.By traversing the binary tree,the SCPI command interpreting process is realized.The interpreter designed by this method features the advantages of quick parsing speed,good transplanting and so on,which is used in Digital Oscilloscope.The practice has proved this design scheme is efficient and feasible.


The related concepts of RFID technology used in Internet of Things are introduced,and an intelligent parking solution based on Internet of Things is provided.The convenience and efficiency of parking brought by the solution are analyzed in detail.


This study was to investigate the changes of antifungal susceptibilities caused by the phenotypic switching in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).


Abstract: The popularity of sports activities boosts the ever-increasing demands for improving sports equipment to meet various needs. There are two major methods of making advanced sports equipment – the application of advanced design and use of advanced materials. Light metals, aluminum, titanium and magnesium have been widely adopted in many sports activities because of their low density. However, these bulk light materials cannot possess all the combined desired attributes, especially their surface attributes, such as mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and aesthetic appearance. Therefore, surface engineering technologies have been used to satisfy the specific needs of advanced sports equipment. In this chapter, the application of surface engineered light alloys, aluminum, titanium and magnesium alloys, in various sports activities are introduced and discussed.


This paper reports on a feasibility study of an HVDC link between Koeberg and Cape Town, South Africa, in light of the available technologies whilst noting new technological developments in the HVDC industry. The design is considered with special focus on power system stability and control with regards to future potential integration of renewable micro generators and smart grid technology into the western grid. Experiences are reported in terms of simulation of the line using Simplorer with an emphasis on building a model of a modular multi-level converter (MMC) in a commercial power electronics simulator.


Leakage components are very important for estimation and reduction of leakage current, especially for low power applications. This provides the motivation to explore the design of low leakage SRAM cells. High leakage currents in deep submicron regimes are becoming a major contributor to total power dissipation of CMOS circuits as the threshold voltage, channel length and gate oxide thickness are scaled. Memory leakage suppression is critically important for the success of power-efficient designs, especially for ultralow power applications. As the channel length of the MOSFET reduces, the leakage current in the SRAM increases. One method is to reduce the standby supply voltage (VDD) to its limit, which is the Data retention voltage (DRV), leakage power can be substantially reduced. Also, lower operating voltage will lower the stability of SRAM cell. Two schemes are employed; one in which the supply voltage is reduced and the other in which the ground potential is increased. Microwind Simulations are performed with 65nm and 120nm CMOS technology process file and the leakage currents of all the cells And analysis of read speed of 6T SRAM cell are measured and compared. Simulation results revealed that there is a significant reduction in leakage current for this proposed cell with the SVL circuit reducing the supply voltage.


The process constituting the elements of the method for treating high-level liquid waste with addition of reducing agent at temperatures above 1,873 K were examined applying thermogravimetry and X-ray diffractometry to sample mixtures of the platinum metal oxides RuO2, Rh2O3, PdO and of Re2O7, with and without addition of TiN as reducing agent. The addition of TiN reducing agent proved to induce reduction of the platinum metal oxides at temperatures far below those of thermal decomposition occurring in the absence of reducing agent. The presence of reducing agent further proved to reduce Re2O7 to ReO3 at 373K, to ReO2 at 773 K and to Re metal at 1,073 K. At around 773 K disproportionation reconverted part of the ReO3 formed at 373K to ReO2 and Re2O7. Thus, sublimation of the Re2O7 in starting material which occurs at 523 K in the absence of TiN was eliminated, and occurred only at 773 K on the Re2O7 that was regenerated at that temperature by disproportionation of the converted ReO3. Alloys of Ru, Rh and ...


Aim: The gastric cancer is a major public health issue particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological, clinical and histo- pathological aspects of gastric cancer in Kamenge university hospital in Bujumbura. Patients and method: Retrospective study over 22 years (January 1988 to December 2009) carried out in Kamenge university hospital in Bujumbura. Results: 252 cases of gastric cancer have been collected during the period of 22 years. The annual frequency was 11,5 cases per year. The middle age was 55,2 years. The sex-ratio was 1,4 in favor of males. The symptoms were not specific and patients consulted late in advanced stage of the disease. Regarding histopathology, the adenocarci- noma was the most frequent (92,8%). Sarcoma and lym- phoma were respectively found in 3,8% and 4% of cases. The treatment was essentially surgical. Postoperative morta- lity was 13,7%. Conclusion: The adenocarcinoma was the most frequent cancer. The treatment was essentially surgical and the pro- gnosis was poor.


Every surgical incision gives rise to abnormal openings in blood vessels ; it is the surgeon's responsibility to minimize the blood loss from these artificial apertures. With an incision in the femoral artery or vena cava, the source of bleeding is obvious and its management is clearly defined; one simple sutures the opening with no need for elaborate diagnostic or therapeutic aids. On the other hand, when abnormal openings exist in multiple vessels invisible to the naked eye, the conventional ligature or suture is ineffective and the surgeon looks for other local methods to arrest the bleeding. These include: (1) pressure; (2) altered temperature; and ( 3 ) chemical agents. We leave to others the discussion of deliberately induced hypotension or hypovolemia, as well as the management of such special situations as cardiopulmonary bypass and operations during anticoagulant therapy. The details of blood coagulation are discussed elsewhere in this symposium, 80 we will mention i t only in relation to mechanical aspects of hemostasis. Hemostasis by localized pressure includes temporary compression with finger or sponge until coagulation blocks the abnormal opening in the vessel and the finger may safely be withdrawn. A stab wound of the aorta several millimeters long will close after a period of light pressure has provided opportunity for clot to substitute for the occluding finger. If there is deficiency of the clotting mechanism, the vessel may continue to leak until a permanent mechanical block of the opening has been effected by suture. Such sutures may arrest the major leak, but weeping from the suture holes may persist even if one uses atraumatic needles of a caliber scarcely larger than the suture material to which they are swedged. Under such circumstances one may resort to a technique of placing the sutures intramurally without penetration of the lumen. This was advocated as a routine by Jassinowsky' in his early studies of vascular suture in the horse; i t presents certain difficulties in smaller, human vessels even with modern improved sutures. A variant of suture closure for transected or tangentially incised vessels is the metal clip classically employed in neurosurgery where delicacy of the vessels and of their supporting stroma makes the usual suture ligature undesirable. Both ligatures and clips tend to reduce or destroy tissue viability a t the point of maximum pressure. There is theoretical danger of


In 1806, Emperor Franz I of Austria (1768–1835) commissioned the naturalist Baron Leopold von Fichtel (1770–1810) to acquire natural and ethnological material collected during Captain James Cook's (1728–79) voyages at the end of the eighteenth century at an auction in London.1 This acquisition led to the creation of an Imperial Ethnographic Collection as a subdivision of the United Imperial and Royal Natural History Cabinets in Vienna. These were not, however, the oldest ethnographic pieces collected in Austria; several older Kunstor Wunderkammern, or cabinets of curiosities, already housed those artifacts.2 At his castle in Ambras, Archduke Ferdinand II, Count of Tyrol, assembled the most well-known Wunderkammer; he was a noble lord surrounded by the phenomena of the universe, in the midst of his collectables, which were classified according to the principles of Pliny's Natural History. At that time an exotic or strange appearance was a primary motive for collecting. Apart from a few short-termed special exhibitions, a global overview of this "otherness" of non-European cultures eventually became visible to the public eye in the ethnological exhibition halls of the Imperial and Royal Natural History Court Museum in Vienna at the end of the nineteenth century. The halls destined to house these objects were decorated with "ethnological" paintings and sculptures that showed representatives of different Native peoples. The manner in which these individuals are represented mediates the subjective views about non-European peoples that existed in Western societies. The sculptures of Native Americans, the scope of this study, gave the objects exhibited in the showcases a European-invented ethnological context.


Recently, both generic^-^ and specific^ codes have been described to explain the function of a variety of cardiac pacemakers. The three-letter generic code' and, to a lesser extent, the five-letter generic^ code have been widely accepted. They are informative and easily understood. The physician using a pacemaker is readily informed of its function by the letters marked on the device itself. At the Vllth International Symposium on Cardiac Pacing, the problem of a single programmer was discussed. The focus of attention, at the meeting, was more on technical standardization than on nomenclature and coding. It seems that the time may have come to code the function of leads and electrodes employed in cardiac pacing. Today, a variety of companies produce leads with endocardial, myocardial, and epicardial electrodes with a variety of designs for passive and active fixation. The electrodes themselves may be made either from pure metals or from alloys. Leads have been designed, finally, that are specifically for atrial pacing. Others of different design are used exclusively for ventricular pacing. Now that there are hundreds of lead model numbers, is it still acceptable that none of them carry an indication of any of the design or operational characteristics of the lead or electrode? The existing situation led us to work on the problem of lead coding. Of course, many variations are possible; we propose one. Whether accepted or not, it may at least lead to discussion of the subject. We tried to relate the lead nomenclature code to that of the already-accepted pacemaker generic code. That is to say, it is based on the position of the letters used in the original code. The number


Abstract : The impact of a Warm Fog Dispersal System (WFDS) on the air quality and noise level is assessed. The WFDS, designed by AFGL, uses various combinations of heat and thrust to disperse the fog over the runway and approach zones. Emission and noise levels that are within the state-of-the-art are used in this assessment. Calculations show that within the cleared area the pollution concentrations, on the average, are within the EPA standards. (Author)


Technological advancements in the area of the Internet of Things have fostered the development of multi‐hop architectures pertaining to applications seeking large network areas. However, while exploiting such applications, the sensor devices being used are made to communicate through multi‐hop routing techniques, burdening the relay nodes. Hence, it leads to a hot‐spot problem, as the nodes passing on the data, that is, relay nodes, consume their energy at a large magnitude. To solve this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel optimized routing technique to mitigate hot‐spot problem (NORTH) for wireless sensor network (WSN)‐based IoT. We employ the tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA) to optimize the cluster‐based routing, specifically the selection of cluster head (CH) of each cluster by using some novel parameters. These parameters include energy status, a distance of a node from the sink and other nodes, load balancing, node proximity, and average energy stock of the network. We investigate two network scenarios, that is, when a sink is placed inside the network and otherwise, to give an optimized solution for every case. Further, to mitigate the hot‐spot problem, the relay node is selected in a cluster with the same mechanism as CH, which performs the task of data forwarding. The simulation analysis of NORTH reveals the supremacy of the proposed work against the recently proposed algorithms, based on various performance metrics, namely, network longevity, stability duration, throughput, and the network's remaining energy.


A theorem is proved which gives the minimal order of a precompensator which together with state feedback decouples a given linear time-invariant multi-variable system provided the system is invertible. In addition a design procedure is described by which the parameters of the precompensator are determined by solving a set of linear equations.


A non-data-aided carrier recovery algorithm suitable for satellite digital video broadcasting receivers is presented, which can counteract large carrier offsets at signal-to-noise ratio as low as 3 dB. The proposed two-step scheme consists of low-resolution discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to acquire coarse carrier frequency offset, and carrier recovery loop for fine frequency offsets tracking. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the capability of the algorithm.


What is the source of the human impulse towards violence and war? Is it in our genetic structure, as some claim, or the product of Original Sin? Is it purely economically determined? Do all cultures share the same innate qualities of violent aggression, which lurks just beneath a surface facade of our civilizations, waiting for the right excuse or provocation to break loose and wreak havoc upon the world? A simple review of the daily news reports certainly might lead the casual observer to believe this is so. However, a geographical review of newer but mostly neglected findings on the issues of infant and child treatment, on the basic human needs for love and emotional bonds of affection, including sexual bonding, with comparisons between peaceful versus violent societies, leads us towards entirely different conclusions.Various methods for comparing world cultures have been used over the years, some allowing for greater or lesser insights. One new method I developed in the early 1980s involved contrasting cultures and civilizations by their social institutions, behavior and belief systems, as recorded in the literature of anthropology and ethnography.1 Rather than using the nation-state as a basic unit of comparison, my cross-cultural comparisons employed data from individual cultural units, such as tribes or distinctive ethnic groups, from around the world. And because these data were recorded from native, subsistencelevel cultures as described at approximately 1900 CE, my method also allowed a limited but nevertheless valuable stripping-away of a good portion of the culturally-skewing influences of European colonialism.My task began around 1980, as a graduate student of Geography at the University of Kansas, seeking to make simple world maps of human behavior traits. I worked from a theory that human behavior related to family life - on subjects such as human sexuality, marriage, childbirth customs, and the status of women - would show a pattern related to climate types. Notably from my interests in desert climates, and the attending severe problems of drought and famine, it was pretty clear to me that entire social groups and regions were being devastated whenever the Sahara Desert atmospheric conditions expanded a little bit, as to affect for example Ethiopia and the African Sahel, wiping out rains and turning the landscape into dry barren conditions.Over generations, this would work through the mechanism of famine and starvation to destroy certain biologically-determined social behaviors, such as infant care and child nutrition, and also the relations between male and female. The effects of long-term drought and starvation would impose a deleterious influence on behavior that would be absent from those regions characterized by wet and lush conditions of food-abundance. From this, a drought-starvation influence upon social violence and war was anticipated.To address this question, I firstly investigated the Human Resource Area Files compiled by Yale University. These were then in every major university library, but not in any machine-readable form, which was necessary if I wanted to complete a dissertation study on this matter in a few years, rather than a few decades. A sizable subset of the HRAF material had been summarized within the Ethnographic Atlas3 of George Peter Murdock, one of the "founding fathers" of American anthropology. It presented tabular codes for around 100 social variables on a global sample of 1170 different cultures. Murdock and his associates had reviewed original source materials from the most definitive ethnographies, made summary codes of their variables - such as Circumcision: present or absent; Bride Price: high or low, or non-existent; Descent: matrilineal, patrilineal, etc. - and then published those coded variables in the journal Ethnology,4 for peer-review and possible correction.This process ran between 1962 and 1967. I was the first to plot Murdock's data on world maps, as his Atlas was a slim book filled with data tables only, and no maps. …


This report describes the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) work conducted for completion of the Thermal Hydraulics Methods (THM) Level 3 Milestone THM.CFD.P11.02: Hydra-TH Extensions for Multispecies and Thermosolutal Convection. A critical requirement for modeling reactor thermal hydraulics is to account for species transport within the fluid. In particular, this capability is needed for modeling transport and diffusion of boric acid within water for emergency, reactivity-control scenarios. To support this need, a species transport capability has been implemented in Hydra-TH for binary systems (for example, solute within a solvent). A species transport equation is solved for the species (solute) mass fraction, and both thermal and solutal buoyancy effects are handled with specification of a Boussinesq body force. Species boundary conditions can be specified with a Dirichlet condition on mass fraction or a Neumann condition on diffusion flux. To enable enhanced species/fluid mixing in turbulent flow, the molecular diffusivity for the binary system is augmented with a turbulent diffusivity in the species transport calculation. The new capabilities are demonstrated by comparison of Hydra-TH calculations to the analytic solution for a thermosolutal convection problem, and excellent agreement is obtained.


The present study examines how the role of illness fear activation affects the attentional biases of individuals varying in hypochondriacal tendencies. Participants were assigned to either a health protective condition or a health fear induction condition.Participants in the health fear induction condition were told that the presence of the enzyme PKR increases their susceptibility to meningitis. This feedback was intended to activate illness fears. In the health protective condition, the presence of the enzyme served as a preventative factor for meningitis, thus decreasing susceptibility and presumably minimizing illness fears. Participants then took part in a computer task in which they had the opportunity to choose from a series of confirming and disconfirming statements regarding the presence of a serious illness. Each set of information served as a makeshift doctor's feedback. Following the completion of the computer task, all participants completed questionnaires assessing hypochondriacal tendencies and the presence and severity of meningitis symptoms. The results indicated a positive correlation between the two measures of hypochondriasis as well as a positive correlation between one of those measures and the selection of illness confirming information. As this study was intended to be an analog for the interaction between physicians and their hypochondriacal patients, implications for facilitating such interactions are discussed.


We read with great interest the recent publication by Riviere et al , concerning the activation of B cells by salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) from patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS).1 The authors elegantly show that coculture of CD19+ peripheral blood B cells with SGECs isolated from labial salivary glands (LSGs) of patients with pSS increases expression of the B cell activation marker CD38, and the memory B cell marker CD27. This effect was the most noticeable with further stimulation of toll-like receptor 3 by means of Poly(I:C) medium supplementation. Treatment of cocultures with agents ablating specific B cell signalling pathways (ibrutinib, blocking BTK signalling), and non-B cell specific pathways (LY294002 blocking the PI3K pathway and leflunomide, inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation) reduced this effect somewhat.

We would like to take the opportunity to comment on these interesting findings. First, their main conclusion is that SGECs (by presumption ductal cells) from patients with pSS support the activation and survival of B cells. We would like to add that we have previously demonstrated in situ the presence of an epithelium-associated subset of B cells, expressing FcRL4, in both minor (labial) and major (parotid) SGs of patients with …


General Practice of Radiation Oncology Physics in the 21st Century. Edited by Almon Shiu, Ph.D. and David Mellenberg Ph.D., 356 pp. Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, WI. 1998. ISBN: 0‐944838‐98‐7. Price: $75.00. PACS number(s): 87.53.–j


Local elections in Indonesia have brought immediate changes to the political conditions. Direct Democracy that was expected to bring maturity instead falls apart at the implementation level. Political practice that is driven by money to win particular contestant in turn bring negative effect on bureaucracy that eventually not value-free and filled by political interests. Bureaucracy positions which ought to be neutral nowadays become partitioned off into various attrations of politics. Political party that play vital role as the main gate to construct political maturity of society also experienced failure, although political parties play a vital role to improve governance.


Reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, service and speed. The qualitative nature of information related to reengineering is better expressed with words and ideally its risks should be assessed through natural language. In this research, we selected critical managerial reengineering issues from the literature and developed parallels between reengineering and fuzzy systems. Since reengineering costs and risks are high and success is not always attainable, we recommend the development of fuzzy models that may assist managers in evaluating reengineering initiatives.


Objective To improve quality of life of inpatients with chronic schizophrenia by giving them proper behavior therapy.Methods 40 inpatients received behavior therapy and their conditions were observed and compared.The evaluation gists were NOSIE-30 and SANS score.Results Behavior therapy improved quality of life of the inpatients obviously.In research group,the increased score of to-tal positive factors and decreased score of total negative factors were higher than that of control group(P 0.01).After the treatment,the total SANS score of research group was lower than that of control group.Conclusion Behavior therapy can improve the negative symptoms of the patients with chronic schizophrenia and has obvious treatment effect during recovery process.


Iron is essential for heme-protein function. In the microcirculation, alpha hemoglobin is an important heme protein in endothelium and is essential for nitric oxide sequestration or production. In the endothelium, its expression is dictated by cellular contact with smooth muscle cells. Thus, we sought to determine if there was a similar contact dependency for iron import into endothelium. We did this initially by using our vascular cell co-culture model of primary human coronary endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in three conditions: 1. cultured without SMCs (monolayer ECs), 2. co-cultured without direct contact with SMCs (no-contact ECs), and 3. co-cultured with SMCs such that there is cellular contact with ECs (contact ECs). We then collected the ECs from each condition and performed bulk RNA sequencing for an unbiased screen of iron transporters. We found transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC) and divalent metal transporter 1 (SLC11A2) expression to be significantly increased in contact ECs compared to monolayer ECs. TFRC was also found to be significantly increased relative to no-contact ECs. This is important because both of these transport iron into cells. To determine if the contact dependency for iron import transporters was valid in vivo, we used mice with a YFP reporter on the Cdh5 Cre such that all endothelial cells could be analyzed from a particular tissue. Single cell RNA sequencing from mesenteric and adipose tissue was segregated into lymphatic, capillary, veinous and arterial endothelium. Similar to the contact co-culture, we found Tfrc and Slc11a2 to be enriched in arterial endothelium (where contact with smooth muscle is prevalent) as compared to any other endothelial cell type. Based on our data, we propose endothelial cell contact regulates iron import, which may be vital to alpha globin function. NIH HL088554 and University of Virginia Basic and Translational Research Training Grant T32 007284 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.


We propose a novel video coding paradigm with wavelet image size reduction and wavelet super resolution (SR) reconstruction for the pre - and post-processing of a conventional MPEG-4 advanced video coding (AVC) | H.264 codec. The proposed method features the wavelet SR reconstruction in the post-processing can ensure stability and precision by using SR reconstruction parameters which are adaptively optimized with the original image on local SR reconstruction in the pre-processing. Experimental results showed that our proposed method has a higher objectively measured peak signal-to-noise ratio and outputs images with a better subjectively evaluated appearance than the MPEG-4 AVC | H.264 codec without this paradigm.


One of the most popular indirect methods for investigating the subsurface information is through borehole record. The information obtained from a bore log will provide the subsurface scenario with regard to the soil and rock mass profile, stiffness of the material, weathering grade and quality of the rock material. It is wise to obtain as much as possible useful information from it for any civil engineering design including its excavatability assessment. On the other hand, seismic velocity is also commonly used to describe subsurface information as it furnish actual profile of the subsurface along the survey line. Seismic survey is assumed to be relevant geophysical method to characterize the boundary of soil-rock. Although the field borehole information and seismic method has been widely applied in the ground investigation, their applicability in assessing excavation performance is still debatable, especially when it involves thick soil-rock interaction zone in tropical region. The objective of this study is to investigate the applicability of ground profile obtained from the field borehole information and the seismic survey in surface excavation works. Field studies were carried out ontwo on-going excavation sites namely Nilai and Kota Tinggi involving non-bedded -bedded rock masses, namely granite. This study aims to present the relationship between seismic refraction method and boreholes were to investigate their effectiveness in assessing the ground information for excavation purpose. A sets of boreholeswere drilled approximately on the same path of seismic linesto obtain relationship between those methods. The seismic survey results are evaluated with Standard Penetration Test (SPT), strength index, core recovery (CR) and Rock Quality Designation (RQD) information. Upon obtaining that information, trial excavation were carried out using different size of excavator machines to determine its productivity rate. This study provides useful information on the excavatability of ground materials by using various type of excavating machines, based on the most commonly used of ground investigation tools, which are boreholes and seismic velocity method.


SPECIFIC AIMThis study aims to investigate the role of gravity in signal transduction across the cytoskeleton to the nucleus. According to our hypothesis, gravity was considered as an external forc...


Background: Patient-derived malignant pleural effusion (MPE) samples can be used to identify a patient-specific drug combination since MPE samples are readily available and cost-effective tumor cell sources. However, the isolation of target cancer cells from MPE has been inefficient because MPE samples contain a complex mixture of immune cells, non-cancerous cells, and cancer cells. Hence, new methods need to be developed to effectively isolate target cancer cells from MPE samples that can be used for 3-dimensional (3D) cell culture. Patient-derived in vitro 3D tumor models are expected to facilitate more precise drug treatment.Methods: MPE samples were obtained from Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea with consent from patients previously diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma. We isolated target cells from MPE samples using 2 different Percoll-gradient centrifugation methods.Results: The use of 40% and 75% Percoll-gradient centrifugation led to a clearer separation of CD45-positive (CD45pos) and CD45-negative (CD45neg) cells than the traditional 44% and 67% Percoll-gradient centrifugation method.Conclusion: Our findings strongly suggest that the 40% and 75% Percoll-gradient centrifugation method is more useful for the isolation of CD45pos or CD45neg cells than the previously described Percoll-gradient centrifugation method. Furthermore, our novel method was useful for the isolation of MPE-derived target cancer cells that can be used to construct in vitro patient-specific 3D tumor models.


Elizabeth Inchbald's A Simple Story (1791) is a groundbreaking novel that makes a
complicated argument concerning feminine power and the possibility of undermining masculine
authority. Inchbald, a trained dramatist and actress, uses her knowledge of theatrical gesture to
demonstrate how eighteenth-century women could obtain a significant level of power by using
their bodies as communicative instruments. The female characters in the novel forge an
authentic feminine language for themselves through the performance of emotion and force their
male counterparts to communicate with them in a discourse the women control. By impelling
the male characters to use their system of language, the female characters forward their own
desires and obtain a significant level of power and autonomy, thus, usurping the patriarchal
system to a notable extent.


Pathogen reduction technology using amustaline (S‐303) was developed to reduce the risk of transfusion‐transmitted infection and adverse effects of residual leucocytes. In this study, the viability of red blood cells (RBCs) prepared with a second‐generation process and stored for 35 days was evaluated in two different blood centres.


A significant increase in the use of composite materials has occurred during the past 20 years. Associated with this increased use is the potential for employees to be exposed to offgassing components from composite systems. Various components in composite systems, particularly residual solvents, offgas under various conditions. The potential for offgassing to occur increases as a composite material is heated either during cure or during lay-up operations. Various techniques can be employed to evaluate the offgassing characteristics of a composite system. A joint effort between AIA and SACMA resulted in the drafting of a proposed test method for evaluating the offgassing potential of composite materials. The purpose of testing composite materials for offgassing is to provide the industrial hygienist with information which can be used to assess the safety of the workplace. This paper outlines the proposed test method and presents round robin testing data associated with the test method. Also in this presentation is a discussion of classes of compounds which require specialized sampling techniques.


The Vaginal and Oral Interventions to Control the Epidemic (VOICE) trial was a randomized, placebocontrolled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of oral tenofovir, alone or in combination with emtricitabine, and vaginal tenofovir in preventing new HIV-1 acquisition in a population of 5029 women at 15 sites in South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe. The primary endpoint was new HIV-1 infection, which was tested monthly. The study also included a case–cohort substudy to analyse plasma tenofovir levels in infected and uninfected participants.


We theoretically demonstrate that N-substitutional doping dramatically reduces the diffusion barrier for oxygen passing through the pores of polyphenylene, leading to a massive enhancement in O2 selectivity over various harmful gases with excellent permeance at appropriate temperatures for O2 across an N-doped polyphenylene in a unit cell.


This paper focuses on implementation of the sampling surfaces (SaS) method for the threedimensional (3D) stress analysis of functionally graded (FG) piezoelectric laminated shells. The SaS formulation is based on choosing inside the nth layer n not equally spaced SaS parallel to the middle surface of the shell in order to introduce the electric potentials and displacements of these surfaces as basic shell variables. Such choice of unknowns permits the presentation of the proposed FG piezoelectric shell formulation in a very compact form. The SaS are located inside each layer at Chebyshev polynomial nodes that improves the convergence of the SaS method significantly. As a result, the SaS formulation can be applied efficiently to 3D solutions for FG piezoelectric laminated shells, which asymptotically approach the exact solutions of piezoelectricity as the number of SaS goes to infinity. I


Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of nvzhenoside in Fructus Ligustri lucidi.Methods The separation was performed on an Kromasil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water(20:80,v/v) and the detective wavelength of 240 nm.Results The calibration curve was linear over 25.5-510 μg·mL-1 for linarin(r=0.999 9,n=6).The average recovery was 99.7%(RSD=1.7%,n=9).Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,which is suitable for the quality control of nvzhenoside in Fructus Ligustri lucidi.


To introduce the data communication mothed between data processing circuit and computer controller of a high-frequency electrosurgical equipment.The paper gives out the communication flow and the command of the computer controller for measuring the power or leak of current in loop electrode and the operation electrode of high-frequency electrosurgical equipment.The testing results indicate that the data communication between data processing circuit and computer controller can be done credibly and efficiently and stably.


Presence of perforated members in ocean structures reduces the wave force on the damaged member because of the wave structure interaction; breakwaters with perforated members are classical examples of such kind. While retrofitting and rehabilitation is usually related to strengthening of members, the presented concept is a novel attempt as it addresses decrease in the encountered forces on the members. The present study is attempted numerically to quantify the force reduction on ocean structures encompassed by perforated outer covers with different geometric configuration of outer cylinder. Present study highlights the reduction of hydrodynamic response of perforated members under regular waves using numerical simulation. Hydrodynamic responses of cylinders with and without perforated cover are estimated for different sea states which are categorized as low, medium and steep wave steepness index. Based on the studies carried out, it is shown that there is average force reduction of about 60% seen for the chosen geometric configuration. For this study the orientation of the structure under regular waves are also considered.


Most women suffer pain in normal labour and require relief from it. The need for analgesia is greatest when the cervix is nearing full dilatation at the end of the first stage, and at crowning, when the vagina and perineum are under most tension. The effectiveness of any analgesic is related to the patient's attitude to labour. Antenatal education is important; the patient who has confidence in herself and those helping her, needs less analgesia than the one who is anxious and fearful. In 1967 we discussed the use of drugs in normal labour.1 We now consider the relief of pain in normal labour using techniques related to anaesthesia. Psychoprophylaxis, a method of physical and mental preparation for childbirth which aims to avoid the need for analgesics altogether, is not discussed in this article.


App Inventor 2 was used to construct interactive media for multimedia introductory classes. However, the study was conducted by employing the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) technique. The Concept, design, material collection, assembling, testing, and distribution are the six stages that run up the whole method. The results showed that the validation of media experts was in range 79% and categorized as feasible. While the validation results of material experts are 73% and categorized as feasible. The results of the test on users obtained 84% and stated that the interactive media is acceptable and feasible to be applied as teaching and learning facilities in terms of the introductory multimedia courses.


This paper examines one sector of the economy of an LDC, namely, port investment and planning, and considers the ways in which some of the arguments concerning choice of technology in LDCs apply to this sector.


The study of partial differential equations (PDE) through the framework of deep learning emerged a few years ago leading to the impressive approximations of simple dynamics. Graph neural networks (GNN) turned out to be very useful in those tasks by allowing the treatment of unstructured data often encountered in the field of numerical resolutions of PDE. However, the resolutions of harder PDE such as Navier-Stokes equations are still a challenging task and most of the work done on the latter concentrate either on simulating the flow around simple geometries or on qualitative results that looks physical for design purpose. In this study, we try to leverage the work done on deep learning for PDE and GNN by proposing an adaptation of a known architecture in order to tackle the task of approximating the solution of the two-dimensional steady-state incompressible Navier-Stokes equations over different airfoil geometries. In addition to that, we test our model not only on its performance over the volume but also on its performance to approximate surface quantities such as the wall shear stress or the isostatic pressure leading to the inference of global coefficients such as the lift and the drag of our airfoil in order to allow design exploration. This work takes place in a longer project that aims to approximate three dimensional steady-state solutions over industrial geometries.


The lower ionosphere is difficult to access from the ground, but also, in situ measurements by sounding rockets have their limitations. The semiempirical model of the nonauroral ionosphere FIRI (Faraday‐International Reference Ionosphere) was originally published in 2001 and is based on a simple ion‐chemical model of the lower ionosphere whose output is adjusted by the limited number of reliable in situ rocket measurements, all based on wave propagation methods. Since then some of the data were found to be questionable but could be replaced by about the same number of trustworthy data. In addition, a large number of electron density profiles based on Langmuir probes became available covering the altitude range from 51 to 90 km. These data are used to extend FIRI downward, providing results in a region that would otherwise not be covered at all. Caution was taken that these data do not impair the altitudes covered by wave propagation data which are unaffected by aerodynamic and payload potential effects. The resulting semiempirical model is available as 1980 profiles of electron densities between 60 and 150 km altitude (for 11 solar zenith angles from 0 to 130°, latitudes 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°, for three solar activities and the middle of each month).


This chapter presents an agent-based architecture for integrating organizational knowledge repositories and business processes orchestrated by a workflow management system. This architecture proactively provides relevant knowledge to workflow tasks considering their context, and stores the information generated by its execution for future requirements. It describes components of the architecture, models a multi-agent system that enables the integration, presents a strategy to annotate and retrieval knowledge of non-structured information sources, and defines a new workflow pattern to be used in knowledge intensive tasks in order to make possible the knowledge provision. This architecture allows workers to count, in a proactive way, with all necessary information for the task executions without suspending their activities to retrieve information scattered in the organization. It reduces the wasted time in manual knowledge searches included in mostly knowledge management approaches. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-4153-2.ch063


Optimizing the locations and sizes of droplets is the key to reducing defects and increasing throughput of ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography. In practice the templates are composed of regions with different structures. The interface between structures will generate complicated fluid flow behavior that will slow the filling time. Here, we explore several strategies through simulations to distribute resist material according to a nonuniform pattern to reduce filling time and ultimately increase throughput. In order to mimic the complexity of a template, the interface between different pairs of template structures is considered and the spreading and merging of droplets are simulated. From these simulations, it is found that the volume and arrangement of droplets underneath strongly affect the imprint time. By distributing the correct amount of resist underneath the template, one can remove the unnecessary fluid transferring step in droplet spreading and reduce the total filling time. Furthermore, by optimally placing the resist droplets, one can delay merging events and accelerate the spreading speed. Finally, the advantage of hexagonal arrangements is explored.


Objective:To study the value of QT dispersion(QTd) in predicting prognosis on hypertension patients.Methods:One hundred and fifty\|four cases of hypertension patient were received measurement of ECG (QTd), 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiogram (DCG) and left ventricular thickness (LVH).Results:The left ventricular myocardial was hypertrophic significantly,QTd of ECG prolonged significantly and complicated arrhythmia increaseed significantly in moderate to heavy hypertension patients.The left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy was not significant in the mild hypertension patients.When blood pressure increases sharply,the acute myocardial ischemia,QTd prolongation and complicated arrhythmia occured.Conclusion:The results suggest that QTd of ECG may be significant index in predicting prognosis on hypertension patients. Author′s address The 2nd people's hospital of Zhaoqing,Zhaoqing,Guangdong


The letters of Constantin-Teodosiu et al. and Petersen et al. debate whether the glucose-fatty acid cycle (Randle cycle) operates in skeletal muscle (1, 2). Both groups cited some data of the original study (3) to support their points. However, the well-known skeletal muscle heterogeneity was not mentioned, which seems critical to the point. Skeletal muscle consists of three types: red slow oxidative, white fast glycolytic, and fast oxidative-glycolytic with various degrees of reddish color, depending on the ratio of oxidative fibers (type I, red) to glycolytic fibers (type II, pale). These muscle types differ markedly in substrate metabolism (4), among many other differences. Compared with red muscle (e.g., …

[↵][1]1Email: guo.zengkui{at}mayo.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


We are no longer able to decide with certainty which behavior Paul criticizes and which custom he means to introduce in 1 Cor 11:2–16. Traditionally, exegetes have conjectured that Paul was insisting that the pneumatic women leaders wear the veil according to Jewish custom. Yet, v. 15 maintains that women have their hair instead of a head-covering (peribolaivou), and thus militates against such an interpretation. In a very convoluted argument, which can no longer be unraveled completely, Paul adduces several points for "this custom" or hair fashion.2


The Extended Iterative Optimization Technology (EIOT) method is proposed as an extension to Muteki's [I&ECR 2013;52 (35):12258–12268] Iterative Optimization Technology to address deviations from Beer–Lambert's law in powders. The new method estimates the apparent spectrum for the pure species, rather than using the measured spectrum and augments Beer–Lambert's law with a bilinear term to capture the signature and strength of the nonchemical interferences. The proposed method has exhibited acceptable performance in spite of using a lean data set to estimate its parameters. The method provides robust and coherent estimates within the physical boundaries of the system and exhibits robustness to instrument transfer. The lean effort needed to build the EIOT method positions it as an attractive option in early stages of pharmaceutical drug product development. Its robustness to distinguish chemical from nonchemical signals implies a potential to lower the total cost of ownership for an EIOT-based solution in manufacturing. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 87–98, 2019


obviously excessive FOR are, therefore, unsuited to answer the question Lledo and associates claimed to have answered in their study. Since the 2010a publication, we have further explored the relevance of ovarian FMR1 genotypes and sub-genotypes, with rather remarkable affirmation of their significance in affecting FOR and ovarian aging in general, but also for other important physiologic functions (Gleicher et al., 2010b, 2011, 2012; Weghofer et al., submitted for publication). Indeed, it now appears that the FMR1 gene not only affects ovarian function but sits at a crossroads of reproduction, autoimmunity and female cancer risks (Gleicher et al., 2010b; Weghofer et al., submitted for publication).


When a particle impacts on a surface at an angle < 90°, only the normal component of the impact velocity is usually considered to contribute to deformation. A new model has been developed in which the impact velocity tangential to the surface contributes towards lateral rotation during impact, and the remaining tangential kinetic energy and the stored elastic deformation energy provide the energy for particle rebound. Calculations with the model for conditions used in published experiments compare well with the data and explain observed dependencies. It was found that the rebound velocity and also the critical velocity, at which rebound starts, are strongly dependent on the incident impact angle. Aspects of the new model have been used to calculate and explain the performance of a newly developed particle bounce monitor.


Nowadays wireless communication networks consist of multiple radio access technologies (LTE, WIFI, WIMAX ... ). Thus, end-nodes may use different radio technologies according to their availability and location. End-nodes should be intelligent and autonomous enough in order to select automatically the best available wireless technology and switch to it seamlessly. The System on Chip (SoC) technique integrates processors and FPGA logic fabrics on the same chip with fast interconnection between them. This feature provides the ability to design Software/Hardware systems with optimized performance. The partial reconfiguration (PR) feature of FPGAs has added more flexibility to these high performance devices. In this work, we propose an ARM-FPGA platform to perform vertical handover between multiple wireless systems using PR technique. The proposed system consists of software and hardware parts. The software part runs on an ARM processor. It has the task to read specific parameters, decide, and control the partial reconfiguration process that applies to the reconfigurable blocks on the FPGA. Also, the software part has the ability to update reconfigurable modules by transferring partial bit-streams on the network. Regarding the hardware part, two reconfigurable architectures for a unified chain are proposed and compared. The evaluation results for both reconfigurable architectures have been collected from a unified WIFI-WIMAX chain. The system is implemented on a ZedBoard featuring a Zynq SoC device.


Health care cost continues to rise; the US continues to spend dramatically more money than other developed nations per individual without increased health outcomes. More individuals are finding it harder to get access to a health care provider, especially those in medically underserved areas and populations.

 To increase the knowledge of the athletic training educator about medically underserved populations and the roles athletic trainers (ATs) play as leaders in health care delivery.

 Current and future physician shortages are known and are only going to increase as more than one-third of current primary care physicians are expected to retire in the next 10 years. Forty percent of the population lives in areas that are medically underserved and designated by the government as areas of professional medical shortage; patients in these areas are primarily served by primary care physicians.

 As with access to physicians, access to ATs has been shown to be based upon socioeconomic status and presents more challenges for the medically underserved. Early access to health care providers has shown to be important in adolescents, as negative health behaviors can carry into adulthood, leading to poorer health-related outcomes throughout life.

 To ensure that athletic training educational programs include opportunities to provide service to the medically underserved, education on social determinates of health, and the means by which ATs can fill critical holes in providing care for these patients. More research is needed to validate ATs' roles in providing quality health care. Additionally, more research is needed around how AT education can help meet patient needs.

 As the athletic training profession continues to evolve and responds to the growing demands of the complex health care system, access to an AT may provide a vital bridge to overall health care for patients within medically underserved populations.


precipitin arcs as vaccine. Theantiserum can beusedas areference serum intheimmunodiffusion testforidentifying antibodies totheA antigen inserafrompatients thought tohaveblastomycosis. Antibodies totheD antigen havenotyetbeenfoundinhumansera.Therabbit antiserum thatwas absorbed withHistoplasma capsulatum yeast-phase cellsdidnot reactinthe complement fixation testwitheither H.capsulatum yeast-phase or mycelialphasecomplement fixation antigen. Therefore, itcouldalsobeusedas a positive control serum inthecomplement fixation test. A fluorescent-antibody conjugate prepared fromtheabsorbed serum was found tobevaluable fortheidentification ofyeast-phase cells ofB.dermatitidis. Theimmunodiffusion (ID)testisspecific for laboratory diagnosis ofblastomycosis. Kaufman etal.(11)useda modification oftheIDtest originally described byAbernathy andHeiner (1)andlater byBuseyandHinton(2)andreported thepresenceoftwodiagnostically specific precipitin lines (labeled A andB)in80%ofthe serafrompatients withblastomycosis. A concentrated shakeculture filtrate oftheyeastphase ofBlastomyces dermatitidis was usedas the antigen inthese tests. TheBline neveroccurred alonebutwas always associated withtheA line (11). Inmany oftheseratested, twoadditional precipitin lines formed thatalsoreacted withID antigens ofHistoplasma capsulatum andCoccidioides immitis andwere assumed torepresent the"c"or common antigen reported byAber


INTRODUCTION OXIDATION KINETICS investigation of Cr2O3, Mn3O4 and MnCr2O4 in 1% O2, 10% H2O and N2 at 650°C influence on the kinetics of oxidation reference samples from pure metal powder, which were pre-oxidized in synthetic air at 1000°C for 50h Modern heat resistant ferritic-martensitic steels are of great interest as superheater materials in fossil fuel power plants or as material for interconnectors in solid oxide fuel cells [1,2]. The environments of such applications contain high amounts of H2O, which is known to promote the formation of the volatile chromium species CrO2(OH)2 leading to insufficient oxidation resistance of 9% Cr-steels in such atmospheres, due to quicker breakdown of the protective chromia l th ll d b k id ti [3] Mn3O4 was transferred to Mn2O3 great increase of mass during the initial phase of oxidation equilibrium is reached for longer exposure times mass becomes stable no evaporation determined in this environment corrosion test of Cr2O3 in H2O containing 0.00 5 10 15


It was discussed that the geological characteristics and metallogenic geologic back-ground of Yikesong lead-zinc silver ore deposit,summarized the prospecting marks in this paper.The existence of the metallogenic tectonic and magmatic rocks is good for ore-forming,with good geophysical anomalies.It was known orebody in a shallow control,found with a certain scale,ore minerals and varied.At present three mineralization belts were found in the mining area,50 ore bodies were selected.In the summarization of metallogenic features at the same time,the author discussed the control factors and ore prospecting marks from regional ore-forming geological conditions deposti metallogenic geological environment analysis,and discovered that there are superior metallogenic conditions,which will promote the prospecting idea of the region.


: The transgender community represents an understudied population in the literature. The objective of this study was to compare risk behavior, and HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates between transgender women and transgender men undergoing com-munity-based HIV testing. With this retrospective analysis of a cohort study, we characterize HIV infection rates as well as reported risk behaviors and reported STI in151individualtransgenderwomenand30individualtransgendermen undergoing community based, voluntary screening for acute and early HIV infection (AEH) in San Diego, California between April 2008 and July 2014. HIV positivity rate was low for both, transgender women and transgendermen undergoing AEH screening (2% and 3%, respectively), and the self-reported STI rate for the prior 12 months was 13% for both. Although transgender women appeared to engage in higher rates of risk behavior overall, with 69% engaged in condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI) and 11% engaged in sex work, it is important to note that 91% of transgender women reported recent sexual intercourse, 73% had more than 1 sexual partner, 63% reported intercourse with males, 37% intercourse with males and females, and 30% had CRAI. Our results indicate that in some settings rates of HIV infection, as well as rates of reported STIs and sexual risk behavior in transgender men may resemble those found in transgender women. Our findings supporttheneedforcomprehensiveHIVpreventioninboth,transgender women and men. ( Medicine 94(41):e1830)


Objective To conduct tobacco control interventions among 10 hospitals in Changsha City,to evaluate the effect of the interventions,and to provide evidence for founding tobacco-free hospitals.Methods Three kinds of tobacco control interventions,including policy development,health education and tobacco-free atmosphere construction were carried out.Questionnaire surveys were conducted before and after the interventions,the changes of medical professionals' knowledge of smoking and passive smoking,attitude and behaviors were compared,and the effect of the interventions was evaluated.Results After the interventions,the current smoking rate among the medical staff was reduced to 13.7% from 16.8%,and the awareness rate of the harm of smoking and passive smoking was improved,too.The medical staff believed that they should play the exemplary roles in smoking control work and help patients give up smoking in their daily work.Meanwhile,the proportion of initiatively asking about the patients' smoking habits in the daily work of the medical staff was improved.Conclusions Tobacco-free hospital intervention is conducive to improving the medical staff's awareness rate of the harm of smoking and passive smoking,reducing the smoking rate of medical staff and promoting the awareness of conducting smoking cessation interventions.The experience of tobacco-free hospital intervention is worth while to popularize in other industries.


Abstract In the present work we extend the model of dendrite formation to the case of submicron unipolar charged particles, where the main transport mechanism in convective Brownian diffusion and electrical effects due to the presence of charges on the particles and electric field around cylindrical collector. We present solutions for the case of slip flow around the fiber and free molecular flow around particles.


Engineering Design (ED) process is the foundation on which Automobile Engineering students currently base their project work. Though efficient in addressing the primary academic requirements, it is nevertheless open ended and hence the methodology for project execution will differ from team to team. ED at higher semesters, in the author's perspective, is less structured and feel there is a need for a defined industrial methodology based on ED, especially to address the needs of automobile engineering students. This requirement can be fulfilled by Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP), a framework of procedures and techniques followed by the automotive industry worldwide. An attempt was made to implement APQP on experimental basis in a project titled Solar Array Electric Vehicle. The following four stages were incorporated in the project: Plan and Define Program, Product Design and Development, Feedback and Corrective actions and Control Plan Methodology. This paper highlights the scope, implementation methodology and results of application of APQP in Solar Array Electric Vehicle project.


This volume is intended to serve as a guide in the treatment of those forms of digestive disorders most commonly met with in the practice of medicine. It is profusely illustrated with drawings and .r-ray photographs and a start in treatment is made from the objective conditions thus revealed. This is a new departure, but it is obviously more sound than the empirical methods hitherto employed in these cases. The book is written entirely from the practical point of view. The first chapter is devoted to general principles and methods, and deals with such subjects as general management, diet, gastric lavage, intestinal intubation, etc. Subsequent chapters deal with the question of ptosis, gastric irrigation, gastric and duodenal ulcer, delayed gastric emptying, constipation, achy-


Frustration in nematic-ordered media (endowed with a director field) is treated in a purely geometric fashion in a flat, two-dimensional space. We recall the definition of quasi-uniform distortions and envision these as viable ways to relieve director fields prescribed on either a straight line or the unit circle. We prove that using a planar spiral is the only way to fill the whole plane with a quasi-uniform distortion. Apart from that, all relieving quasi-uniform distortions can at most be defined in a half-plane; however, in a generic sense, they are all asymptotically spirals.


Principle of Common Interest and the EU's climate ambition As an overarching point, it is necessary to amend the state aid rulebook and the interpretation of legislation to safeguard the climate impact credibility of the funds under state aid. Article 107 paragraph 1 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) clearly sets out that state aid "which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods shall, in so far as it affects trade between Member States, be incompatible with the internal market"1.


Background: Chronic foot ulcers often do not respond to conventional therapy and result in amputations. Treatment is protracted, expensive and affects the quality of life of the patient. The objective of the study is the efficacy of topical timolol in the treatment of chronic non-healing foot ulcers and the feasibility of its use in a rural/semi-urban population.
Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital situated on the outskirts of Bengaluru from January 2021 to July 2022. Sample size was 95. Topical timolol maleate solution was applied on day 1, 3 and 7 and followed up on days 15 and 30. During each visit the wound was assessed and the area of ulcer was measured. Repeated measures ANOVA was applied to compare the area of ulcer on day 1, 15 and 30 and mean percentage of reduction calculated at different time intervals using post-hoc Bonferroni.
Results: Demographic data: predominantly male (61.1%), mean age 48.74±14.8 years, from lower socioeconomic background. 45.3% were diabetics. Efficacy of timolol: mean ulcer area on day 1, 15 and 30 was 70.95, 51.8 and 39.95 cm2 respectively (p=0.001). There was a significant reduction in mean percentage of ulcer area on day 15 and day 30 (p=0.001). No adverse effects due to timolol were observed.
Conclusions: Topical timolol is safe, inexpensive and effective. Its use in the treatment of chronic non-healing foot ulcers would be beneficial to a country like India which has a large rural population.


Aim: To screen and identify new genes related to human primary esophageal cancer in order to reveal the mechanism of carcinogenesis.Methods: We isolated the differential fragments of oncogenes and tumor suppression genes by using sensitive non radioactive isotope fluorescence labeled mRNA differential display technique from esophageal cancer and matched adjacent normal mocusa tissues from surgical resection in the same patients. Then reverse northern dot blot, northern blot, homology analysis and in situ hybridization technique were applied to identify these fragments. Results: ① Seventy four cDNA fragments were separated ranging from 300 to 900 bp,and 20 differential fragments were highly expressed in cancer tissues that was named "C", and the other 54 fragments were highly expressed in normal mucosa tissues named "N". ②Among the 74 cDNA fragmeuts,C57 fragment was not homologous to the known sequences in the Advanced Blast database of GenBank,and was assigned as esophageal cancer associated gene. ③Northern blot hybridization showed signal of C57 expression in cancer tissues. ④ISH technique showed that the expression of C57 between normal epithelial and esophageal cancer tissues was significantly different. Conclusions: Fragment C57 may contribute to the causation and progression of esophageal cancer, and may be regarded as one of new candidates of oncogenes.


Introduces the topic of South Asia's borders, and the concept of 'frontiers' versus 'boundaries', and how the British affected the South Asian idea of political space.


The utility model relates to a moving type welding tong electrode cap trimming device, which comprises a trimming cutter, a transmission mechanism, a motor and a motor angle regulation mechanism, wherein the trimming cutter is arranged at one end of the transmission mechanism, a case of the transmission mechanism is fixedly connected with the motor, an output shaft of the motor is connected with a corresponding shaft of the transmission mechanism, and the motor angle regulation mechanism consists of a rotating shaft, a connection seat, a rotation handle and a locking mechanism, the rotating shaft is fixed with the upper end of the right side surface of the connecting seat, the upper end of the front side surface of the connecting seat is fixedly provided with the rotating handle, the lower end of the left side surface of the connecting seat is fixedly connected with the case of the transmission mechanism, and the locking mechanism is arranged on the rotating shaft. The moving type welding tong electrode cap trimming device realizes the synchronous fast trimming of two electrode caps: the upper electrode cap and the lower electrode cap of a welding tong, the electrode arm damage water leakage caused by frequent dismounting of the electrode cap is avoided, in addition, the trimming on the welding tong electrode cap in inclined arrangement can be realized, and a movable structure is adopted, so all of the electrode caps of the welding tong on the welding line can be trimmed, the equipment overhaul efficiency is improved, and the work intensity of operators is reduced.


This paper examines two questions relating to student activism in the Philippines. First, why students in this particular setting, at least for most of the years following the second world war, appear to have been more passive politically than their counterparts in some other parts of the world?1 Secondly, if recent demonstrations in the Philippines can be regarded as symptomatic of basic changes auguring more effective acti vism on the part of Filipino students, what factors might account for this change? It would be well at this point to define this paper's frame of reference in terms of time as well as in terms of subject.


German unification in 1990 was a logical consequence of the iron curtain fall and it is one of the decisive moments in the 20th century European history. It resolved the post-second-worldwar
political setting in Europe and opened new development opportunities for Germany and its
neighbors. Germany´s role as a strong investor was an appreciated opportunity for the
countries of Mid- and Eastern Europe, but at the same time concerns of potential political
dependency have arisen, in the case of the Czechs based on historical experience. This analysis
of relevant Czech press reflects the described ambivalence.


Objective To study the influences of psychological intervention on fasting blood sugar of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and mental disorder. Methods 95 patients with DM and mental disorder were divided into two groups randomly: control group (received routine nursing) and intervention group(received routine nursing and psychological intervention). The patients' anxiety index, depression index and fasting blood sugar of two groups were evaluated when they admitted in hospital, discharged from hospital and after one month, then the data were analyzed by statistics. Results Compared with patients in control group, the anxiety index, depression index and fasting blood sugar of patients in intervention group were improved obviously. Conclusions Psychological intervention plays an active role in decreasing fasting blood sugar of patients with DM and mental disorder.


Near-nadir interferometric imaging SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) techniques are promising in measuring global water extent and surface height at fine spatial and temporal resolutions. The concept of near-nadir interferometric measurements was implemented in the experimental Interferometric Imaging Radar Altimeters (InIRA) mounted on Chinese Tian Gong 2 (TG-2) space laboratory. This study is focused on mapping the extent of high mountain lakes in the remote Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) areas using the InIRA observations. Theoretical simulations were first conducted to understand the scattering mechanisms under near-nadir observation geometry. It was found that water and surrounding land pixels are generally distinguishable depending on the degree of their difference in dielectric properties and surface roughness. The observed radar backscatter is also greatly influenced by incidence angles. A dynamic threshold method was then developed to detect water pixels based on the theoretical analysis and ancillary data. As assessed by the LandSat results, the overall classification accuracy is higher than 90%, though the classifications are affected by low backscatter possibly from very smooth water surface. The algorithms developed from this study can be extended to all InIRA land measurements and provide support for the similar space missions in the future.


In this study, we present an overview on recent existing methods to generate UWB signals. Given the increasing interest in the UWB over optical fiber, special attention will be devoted to optical methods for generating UWB signals. These methods aim at ensuring a good integration of such radio signals over optical fiber with a very low cost. Some hybrid electro-optical methods will be covered before handling "all-optical" approaches. Particular attention will be given to the seven following methods: Chromatic Dispersion based approach, FBG-based approach, Optical impulse radio system, Electrooptical intensity modulator based method, Method based on XPM in an SOA, Optical FSK based method, and Spectral shaping and dispersion-induced frequency to time conversion based technique. For illustration some results will be presented.


A population-based evolutionary algorithm has been executed to optimize the aerodynamic and heat transfer performance of heat shields for an entry velocity of 11 km/s to simulate lunar return conditions. The heat shield design space consists of a spherical segment axial profiles and base cross sections of oblate and prolate ellipses and roundededge polygons. Aerothermodynamic models are based on modified Newtonian impact theory with semi-empirical correlations for convective and radiative stagnation-point heat transfer. Total heat load and cross range are optimized simultaneously through the application of multi-objective function optimization. Skipping trajectories allow low L/D = 0.3 configurations to produce cross ranges greater than 900 km with a 5 g deceleration limit and a stagnation-point heat load of 21 kJ/cm 2 , similar to Apollo 4's. L/D = 0.6 configurations increase this cross range by 70% at the expense of a 77% increase in heat load. L/D = 1.0 configuration increase this beyond the L/D = 0.3 cross range by 250%, with a 200% increase in heat load. Optimal L/D = 0.6 and 1.0 configurations have parallelogram base cross sections with angles of attack above the maximum L/D condition, rendering more aerodynamically robust designs with lower ballistic coefficients.


In 1953 Bozek published two cases of exomphalos treated conservatively with good result; it was the first suggestion of this kind in Polish medical literature. In Poland, as in other countries, majority opinion has it that early intervention preserves the newborn infant from severe complications, and for this reason most paediatric surgeons regard operation as the method of choice. In the Paediatric Surgery Clinic in Szczecin conservative treatment of exomphalos has been employed by me for 12 years as a general principle. My reason for doing so was an unusual case. During the last war a child was born near the front line with exomphalos, and for three weeks there was no medical attention. When the child was finally brought to a hospital the surgeon stated that the tumour was covered with skin to such an extent that an operation was completely unnecessary. The simple home treatment of a countrywoman had saved the child from infection and rupture of the tumour, which are the complications that advocates of an early operation fear. I believe that some deformities are, in a certain sense, a delayed development which the organism tries to complete. To these belong some forms of the meningocele and exomphalos. In the cases where there is a possibility that repairing processes exist, immediate surgical intervention seems pointless and sometimes even not indicated. Of course, this view does not extend to all forms of exomphalos and especially not to those where there is the probability that dangerous complications will arise. The indications for operation are set out below. l. Hernias with a damaged amnion covering, i.e. with eventration, must be operated on immediately. 2. If the base of the tumour is considerably smaller than its greatest circunmference so that it forms a kind of pedicle, then the danger of incarceration of the intestines transposed into the tumour


In Internet-of-vehicles, vehicles cooperate with each other by transmitting Internet-of-vehicles and location-based service (LBS) providers optimize services by analyzing trajectory data collected from drivers. Nevertheless, illegal trajectories generated by attackers or malicious drivers can obfuscate the process of analysis and breach the quality of service. Some mechanisms protect drivers' location privacy by using obfuscation-based schemes. Obfuscation-based mechanisms report LBS with obfuscated trajectories data rather than actual trajectories, which increases difficulties to detect illegal trajectories accurately. This paper focuses on detecting illegal trajectories when all drivers employ obfuscation-based mechanisms to protect location privacy. In this paper, we propose a dynamic obfuscation mechanism in road networks based on Geo-indistinguishability to dynamically protect drivers' location privacy. Considering personalization in road networks, we also propose a classification mechanism to detect illegal trajectories in road networks. Illegal trajectories are generated based on real trajectories to simulate actions of malicious drivers and attackers. Experiment results in real road networks show that the classifier can detect illegal obfuscated trajectories with at least 94% Area Under the Curve (AUC) score, which outperforms than existing works in road networks.


Electronic health records contain important information regarding the patients' medical history but much of this information is stored in unstructured narrative text. This paper presents the first Danish clinical named entity recognition and relation extraction dataset for extraction of six types of clinical events, six types of attributes, and three types of relations. The dataset contains 11,607 paragraphs from Danish electronic health records containing 54,631 clinical events, 41,954 attributes, and 14,604 relations. We detail the methodology of developing the annotation scheme, and train a transformer-based architecture on the developed dataset with macro F1 performance of 60.05%, 44.85%, and 70.64% for clinical events, attributes, and relations, respectively.


Fluorescence emission spectra are reported for 1-azapyrene, 2-azapyrene, 4-azapyrene, 12-azabenzo[a|pyrene, phenanthro[9,10g]isoquinoline, phenanthro[2,3h|isoquinoline, and phenanthro[3,2h]isoquinoline dissolved in organic nonelectrolyte solvents of varying polarity and acidity. Results of these measurements indicate that 12-azabenzo[a]pyrene, phenanthro[2,3h]isoquinoline, and phenanthro[3,2h]isoquinoline exhibit modest probe character as evidenced by decreased I/II or I/III band emission intensity ratios with increasing solvent polarity. Alcoholic solvents such as trifluoroethanol protonate the nitrogen hetero-atom, resulting in loss of emission fine structure accompanied by a sizeable red-shift in emission wavelength(s). For 1-azapyrene and 2-azapyrene the observed fluorescence emission spectra showed both neutral and protonated forms of the solute in trifluoroethanol.


The study examines the effectiveness of the seed delivery by different stakeholders in Patiala District of Punjab state. The study was conducted on 120 respondents selected randomly from four villages of two blocks of the selected district. The study revealed that among the three major stakeholders in delivery of seed, the NGO was found the most effective with the mean percentage score of 73.72 and the farmers were satisfied with the quality as well cost of the seed supplied through NGO. Majority of the farmers reported that the cost of the seed supplied by the private agencies having percentage mean score of 70.66 was very high but were satisfied with the quality of seeds supplied. Farmers responded favourably with the overall seed supply system of state government with average percentage mean score of 65.66 but were less satisfied with the quality of the seed supplied by them.


This research report examines the provision of higher education degrees and courses in regional Victorian campuses. It reveals the spatial inequity against regional and rural youth in Victoria due to the scarce availability of university options to study compared to their urban counterparts.


Photoreaction between dicyanobenzenes and a hypervalent allylsilicon reagent using 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene as a ligand on silicon efficiently proceeded to afford allyl-substituted benzonitriles in...


Supramolecular isomerism by self-complementary coordination in the system zinc-5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (ZnTPyP)–dimethylformamide (DMF) is reported. Recrystallization of ZnTPyP from DMF afforded crystals of a new tetrameric supramolecular isomer, [ZnTPyP]4·7.33DMF, with molecular and crystallographic S4 symmetry. The crystals were accompanied by triclinic crystals of [ZnTPyP·2DMF]n with a polymeric 1D ladder structure. In situ metalation of the parent free-base 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TPyP) with Zn2+ in dimethylformamide afforded monoclinic crystals of [ZnTPyP·2.33DMF]n with a 1D double zig-zag chain structure. The ZnTPyP–DMF system is an example of unusual supramolecular isomerism in metallosupramolecular chemistry.


OBJECTIVE
To observe the effect of chronic lead contaminant on mRNA expression of protein kinase C (PKC) and calmodulin (CaM) in hippocampus of baby rats.

METHODS
The Wistar pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups fed with distilled water and lead contained water (0.2% and 1.0% lead acetate) respectively. The lead exposure period was from the 0 day of pregnancy to the day when the offspring weaned. Then the baby rats were fed with lead water the same as their mothers. The cliff avoidance reflex within postnatal day 8 and step down test at postnatal day 50 were performed. Then pups were killed at postnatal day 8 and 50 respectively. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine lead content of rats' brain. RT-PCR was used to observe mRNA expression of PKC and CaM in hippocampus of baby rats.

RESULTS
The brain lead content of test groups were much higher than that of the control group. The completion rate of cliff avoidance reflex and the score of step down test of test groups were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, PKC and CaM mRNA expression of chronic lead exposure baby rats in the hippocampus had the down trend (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
The decrease of PKC and CaM mRNA expression level in hippocampus has a great link with the impairment of learning and memory induced by lead in baby rats, which might be one of the molecule mechanisms of lead induced impairment of learning and memory.


In an extremely short time, a new steel plant was designed and built for the supply of beam blanks to the section mill of Stahlwerk Thuringen. Modern technologies are used, in particular for the DC electric arc furnace, and a high degree of automation has been achieved from the scrap yard to the shipment of the finished product. Thanks to a precise coordination of the steelmaking and the rolling mill operation, the rate of hot charging has been maximized.


As expiration dates for Nifty stock index futures approach, trading volume in calendar spreads rises at times to over 50% of the total daily volume, making this transaction particularly important to execute efficiently for investors rolling over sizable positions into deferred month contracts. In this study, futures data covering 12 recent Nifty futures expirations was used for rollover strategy construction, analysis, and testing. We reported here on the comparison of findings for three different strategies: optimally rolling an amount that minimized average calendar spread volatility subject to practical trading constraints, rolling an equal number of Nifty futures daily, and rolling all contracts on a single day. We found, in all cases, that the optimal strategy outperformed the other two commonly employed rollover strategies. Practical guidelines for rolling Nifty futures positions were also discussed.


Solid pineapple waste (SPW) is one of the most abundant agricultural wastes found in tropic region. This study is looking into the potential of utilising solid pineapple waste in solid state fermentation for the production of lactic acid by Rhizopus oryzae . A 2-level factorial design was employed to screen the effect of moisture content (60% and 80%), inoculum size (1×10 4 spores/g and 1×10 8 spores/g), pH (4.5 and 6.5), temperature (27°C and 40°C) and particle size ( 3.15 mm) to the production of lactic acid. The predicted maximum production is 0.0221 g lactic acid/g SPW in SSF condition of 80% moisture; pH 6.5; 1×10 4 spores/g of inoculum; waste particle of 3.15 mm; and temperature 27°C. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the model is significant with high value of predicted (0.9616) and adjusted (0.9726) R-squared, indicated a good agreement between the predicted and actual values at each point of the experiment. Post-statistical experiment confirmed the ability of lactic acid production by R. oryzae at the predicted conditions with 0.0236 g lactic acid/g SPW being produced.


ABSTRACT The research was conducted at Kemiren Village in Glagah District-Banyuwangi Regency. The objective of the research was to analyze the farmer's income from Rambon cattle farming practices. Sixty-five farmers were selected and interviewed using purposive random sampling method. Descriptive analysis and input-output analysis were applied to the data available. It was found that the average production cost of Rambon cattle farming was Rp. 4.492.425,26 per year while the average revenue was Rp. 6.203.076,93 per year, so that the average cash profit from Rambon cattle farming was Rp.1.699.606,80 per year. It was concluded that Rambon cattle farming  was not profitable economically because another non cash expenditure i.e family labor did not take into account. Based on the statements above, the research would recommend that farmers should take another non cash expenditure into consideration when they want to sell their cattle (JIIPB 2010 Vol 20 No1:77-85) . Key words: Rambon  Cattle Farming, Profitability


The study presents findings from piloting a new framework for measuring the business impacts of corporate community involvement at UL. It focuses on evaluating the human resource (HR) outcomes of employee volunteering in three signature programs. Five business impacts were measured - job satisfaction, morale, organizational pride, belief in UL mission, and engagement. Using an employee survey, the research team compared signature program volunteers with others and found a positive correlation between volunteering and impacts on morale, organizational pride, belief in UL mission, and engagement. Employee awareness (without participation) of UL signature programs was also associated with increased morale and organizational pride. While the study did not prove causation, it confirmed previous research on the link between employee volunteering and positive HR outcomes. The authors provide recommendations for further research and how companies can use the impact measurement framework to evaluate the bottom‐line benefits of their community involvement programs.


After a woman's death certain material objects, commonly referred to as 'personal effects', remain. Diaries are sometimes among these. This essay focuses on the trajectory taken by one mother's diaries in particular, examining the shifts in meaning effected by the circumstances in which they are passed on to the daughter and by their subsequent emergence into the daughter's work in 2012. Since her mother's death in 2006, the internationally established writer, photographer and installation artist Sophie Calle has staged a series of installations consisting of material markers of mourning. The diaries enter this installative series in 2012. This essay investigates how Calle's engagement with the diaries dialogues with existing cultural representations of The Mother's Diaries and explores the effects of their display on conventions of mourning and exhibiting practices. This article was submitted to EJLW on 29th of August 2015 and pubkished on 27th of April 2017.


Detecting Earth-like exoplanets in direct images of nearby Sun-like systems brings a unique set of challenges that must be addressed in the early phases of designing a space-based direct imaging mission. In particular, these systems may contain exozodiacal dust, which is expected to be the dominant source of astrophysical noise. Previous work has shown that it may be feasible to subtract smooth, symmetric dust from observations; however, we do not expect exozodiacal dust to be perfectly smooth. Exozodiacal dust can be trapped into mean-motion resonances with planetary bodies, producing large-scale structures that orbit in lock with the planet. This dust can obscure the planet, complicate noise estimation, or be mistaken for a planetary body. Our ability to subtract these structures from high-contrast images of Earth-like exoplanets is not well understood. In this work, we investigate exozodi mitigation for Earth–Sun-like systems with significant mean-motion resonant disk structures. We find that applying a simple high-pass filter allows us to remove structured exozodi to the Poisson noise limit for systems with inclinations <60° and up to 100 zodis. However, subtracting exozodiacal disk structures from edge-on systems may be challenging, except for cases with densities <5 zodis. For systems with three times the dust of the solar system, which is the median of the best fit to survey data in the habitable zones of nearby Sun-like stars, this method shows promising results for mitigating exozodiacal dust in future Habitable Worlds Observatory observations, even if the dust exhibits significant mean-motion resonance structure.


"Freedom" is an important category of Wang Guowei aesthetics systems.Wang Guowei studied the meaning of freedom in his aesthetics realm,analysed the factors why the activities of human life did not be free,thus looked for a way to freedom.In his view,the human pursuit to freedom could be realized only through aesthetic activities,especially in the aesthetics realm,utilitarian practice activities were transformed into non-utilitarian aesthetic ones.


Synopsis: The superconducting joint is a key technology to achieve persistent current operation for MRI and NMR magnets, thereby enabling to obtain higher resolution and sensitivity. A persistent current system including a superconducting joint, a persistent current switch and a double pancake coil fabricated with a REBCO tape was prepared by Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. The magnetic-field decay behaviors during persistent current operation were observed in external fields of 0 and 1 T at 20 K. In a self-field, the decay rate of the persistent current excited up to 170 A reached 1.2 ppm/h after operating for five days, corresponding to a resistance of 5.1  10-13 . From the current–voltage characteristics obtained from the magnetic field decay, it was found that the decay behavior of the persistent current is dominated by joint resistance in the case of high-load operation, but dominated by the shielding current in the case of low-load region of the operating current.


PURPOSE
We investigated HbA1c's validity as a screening parameter for excluding dysglycemic states in the studied population.

MATERIAL/METHODS
Sensitivity and specificity of HbA1c in some cut-off points were compared with diagnoses based on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in individuals diagnosed between 2009-2010. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for HbA1c was conducted. HbA1c and OGGT measures were done in 441 people (253 women, 187 men, average age 40.1 years (18-79 years)). Based on the OGGT test 37 individuals were diagnosed as diabetic, 28 as impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) and 63 as having impaired fasting glycemia (IFG).

RESULTS
A cut-off value of 6.5% HbA1c classifies diabetic subjects with a sensitivity of 45.9% and specificity of 97.5%. In the investigated population the best cut-off point (the highest sum of the sensitivity and specificity) was 5.9% HbA1c (sensitivity 86.6%, specificity 73%). HbA1c values excluding the risk of dysglycemic states have shown false negative rate in 31.9% when HbA1c was 5.5% and 10.6% when HbA1c was 5.0%.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that in the investigated population the evaluation of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes using HbA1c values proposed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has unsatisfactory sensitivity and detects less than a half of cases of diabetes based on the OGTT diagnoses. HbA1c 5.7% does not have sufficient specificity to identify individuals not being at risk of any disorder of glucose metabolism.


Fractional derivatives can be used to model time delays in a diffusion process. When the order of the fractional derivative is distributed over the unit interval, it is useful for modeling a mixture of delay sources. In some special cases distributed order derivative can be used to model ultra-slow diffusion. In the fist part of the thesis, we extend the results of Baeumer and Meerschaert [3] in the single order fractional derivative case to distributed order fractional derivative case. In particular, we develop the strong analytic solutions of distributed order fractional Cauchy problems. In this thesis, we also study the asymptotic behavior of the trace of the semigroup of a killed relativistic α-stable process in any bounded R−smooth boundary open set. More precisely, we establish two-term estimates of the trace with an error bound of e2mtt(2−d)/α. When m = 0, our result reduces to the result established by Bañuelos and Kulczycki for stable processes given in [7].


Nasturtium offcinale R. Br. is one of the rare species in the Polish flora. The study was performed in Nasturtium offcinale localities in three river valleys (the Gielczew, Sierotka and Kosarzewka rivers) situated on the Gielczew Rise. The species occurs in clean, shallow, slowflowing or standing waters, in drainage ditches, springheads and, less frequently, in ponds. The major threat for its localities is posed by succession processes, water pollution, and too intensive cleaning of drainage ditches.


Madrasah is a place of study or formal school equivalent to elementary school, but at madrasah there will be more to learn about Islam, especially learning to read the Koran. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Kintap uses the at-tanzil method in the process of learning the Qur'an, with the aim that students can understand more quickly about tajwid and the law of reading the Quran. MI Darul Ulum Kintap will provide a notebook of the achievements of the students so that parents can monitor the extent to which the students have learned. The problem that exists in recording the student's achievement using a note book is the negligence of the students in maintaining the achievement record book, so that it can make it difficult for parents and teachers to monitor the learning process of the students. To overcome this problem, the authors take advantage of technological developments by building a system that can be used to access data on student achievement in real time. This research also adds a feature to register new students, so that parents can register their children online. In this research, data analysis uses the method waterfall. The results of the research that has been carried out are that all features or functions of the system built have run well according to their function by testing the functionality of the system using the method black-box.


Isolated glomerular hematuria associated with a renal biopsy finding of excessively thin glomerular basement membrane (GBM) may occur as a familial or sporadic condition. Neither of the two terms commonly used to describe these patients, benign familial hematuria or thin basement membrane disease, is entirely satisfactory. Familial hematuria is not always benign, and benign hematuria is not always familial. Basement membrane thinning is a descriptive observation, rather than a specific diagnostic finding, and it is clear that several disorders that differ at the molecular level can be associated with this abnormality.