The purpose of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the ultrasonographic aspects of the most common benign tumors of the parotid gland: pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumor. The gray scale and Doppler ultrasonographic findings of the two tumors are reviewed and exemplified.


This paper presents Flip-Flop type frequency divider implementation. Circuit analysis of divider circuit was performed with IssPice and MATHCAD. Divider assembly fabricated on the PCB board was measured output spectrum with spectrum analyzer. Test results show that output frequency, level ; 27.621㎒, -5.7㏈m.


Mg alloys have poor formability due to their hexagonal tightly packed (HCP) crystal structure, low active shear system at room temperature, and anisotropic behavior in polycrystalline structure. While this situation hindered the development and commercialization of Mg alloys to some extent in the past, today developments in machining, liquid forming and semi-solid forming technology have removed these obstacles. Semi-solid forming of alloys has been the subject of intense R&D since it was discovered in the 1970s. In the semi-solid forming method, it is aimed to obtain ideal microstructure of the alloy, including excellent fluidity, appropriate flow control, adjustable viscosity and controllable grain morphology, thanks to equiaxed spherical solid particles surrounded by liquid. In this study, it is aimed to achieve the spherical microstructure required for the semi-solid shaping of the extruded AZ31 Mg alloy by heating to semi-solid temperatures and isothermal holding in the semi-solid temperature range. To accomplish this objective, rapid heating in the induction coil and controlled holding in the isothermal temperature range were applied to the alloy. Heating the extruded AZ31 Mg alloy to a semi-solid temperature (565-630°C) and subsequently rapid cooling processes lead to many intermetallic Mg17Al12(γ) compounds with heterogeneous distribution both in the equiaxed primary Mg(α) grains and at the grain boundaries as well as a very little eutectic at the grain boundaries. As the semi-solid temperature value increased, the degree of spheroidization increased. However, it was found that the grain growth reached a maximum at one point and there was no significant change in the shape factor as a result of controlled holding time.


Porosities were determined of 98 samples of unweathered sandstones collected in the Ouachita Mountains, the Arkansas Valley, and the Ozark Plateaus of Arkansas. The average porosity in the intensely folded beds of the Ouachita Mountains was found to be 5.7 per cent, in the beds of the less folded Arkansas Valley, 7.8 per cent, and in the comparatively unfolded beds of the Ozark Plateaus, 10.9 per cent. The average degree of inclination of the folded beds in the Ouachita Mountains from incomplete figures, is estimated to be 54.1°; in the Arkansas Valley, 17.0°; and in the Ozark Plateaus, 5.1°, thus indicating the relationship between the average regional porosities of the sandstones and the average deformation of the folded beds. It appears probable that, if sufficient data were accumulated, a useful relationship could be established between the average regional porosities of the sandstones and the average regional carbon ratios of the coal in western Arkansas.


The phase characteristics of calcite "limestone"-marble from Banjany area village (near Skopje, Macedonia) were examined by means of XRD, SEM microscope in polarizing and reflected lights, chemical, DT/TG-analyses. It was concluded as follows: - calcite (CaCO3) is a major mineral component (cca 80-90 %) prevailing in the marble over the other minerals - dolomite is generally of minor importance (cca 10-20 %) in the rock - quartz, micas graphite, pyrite represent typical accessories. As result of the mentioned phase characteristics, this raw materials was for a long time (more than 30 years) used as flux in the iron and steel metallurgy in Macedonia.


We consider X 1 ,. .. , X n a sample of data on the circle S 1 , whose distribution is a twocomponent mixture. Denoting R and Q two rotations on S 1 , the density of the X i 's is assumed to be g(x) = pf (R --1 x) + (1 -- p)f (Q --1 x), where p $\in$ (0, 1) and f is an unknown density on the circle. In this paper we estimate both the parametric part $\theta$ = (p, R, Q) and the nonparametric part f. The specific problems of identifiability on the circle are studied. A consistent estimator of $\theta$ is introduced and its asymptotic normality is proved. We propose a Fourier-based estimator of f with a penalized criterion to choose the resolution level. We show that our adaptive estimator is optimal from the oracle and minimax points of view when the density belongs to a Sobolev ball. Our method is illustrated by numerical simulations.


The invention relates to a flame-retardant smoke-suppression type PVC-based wood-plastic composite material and a preparation method thereof, relates to a wood-plastic composite material and a preparation method thereof, and aims at solving the defects that the existing flame-retardant type PVC-based wood-plastic composite material is high in the addition amount of a flame-retardant smoke-suppression agent, low in flame-retardant smoke-suppression efficiency, and poor in mechanical performance and decoration effect. The flame-retardant smoke-suppression type PVC-based wood-plastic composite material is prepared by PVC resin, wood meal, calcium carbonate powder, a coupling agent, a thermal stabilizer, an anti-impact modifier, a lubricant, a zinc flame-retardant smoke-suppression agent and a flame-retardant synergist. The method comprises the following steps: I. weighing; II. activation and dispersion of the flame-retardant smoke-suppression agent and the flame-retardant synergist; III. mixing; IV. pelletizing; V. extrusion. Compared with the prior art, the flame-retardant smoke-suppression type PVC-based wood-plastic composite material is less in the addition amount of the flame-retardant smoke-suppression agent, high in the flame-retardant smoke-suppression efficiency, and capable of reducing the damage to the mechanical performance of the material while guaranteeing the high flame-retardant smoke-suppression property. The method is used for preparing the flame-retardant smoke-suppression type PVC-based wood-plastic composite material.


Background: Thiopurines are the mainstay of conventional maintenance therapy in in fl ammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unfortunately, up to 50% of patients discontinue immunosuppressive therapy within 2 years due to intolerance or lack of ef fi cacy. Allopurinol with low-dose thiopurine can optimize thiopurine metabolism for IBD patients with preferential shunting toward 6-methyl mercaptopurine (6-MMP) formation. The aim of this study was to assess long-term maintenance effectiveness and tolerability of allopurinol-thiopurine therapy in a larger multicenter cohort of IBD patients. Methods: Enrolled patients who failed monotherapy with thiopurines due to a skewed metabolism were subsequently treated with a combination therapy of allopurinol and low-dose thiopurine. Adverse events were monitored and therapeutic adherence was assessed. Seventy-seven IBD patients were enrolled with a mean follow-up of 19 months. Results: The median 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentration increased from 145 during monotherapy to 271 pmol/8 · 10 8 red blood cell (RBC) after at least 8 weeks of combination therapy while reducing the thiopurine dosage ( P , 0.001). In contrast, median 6-MMP concentrations decreased from 10,110 to 265 pmol/8 · 10 8 RBC ( P , 0.001). Leukopenia occurred in 12 patients (16%), requiring dose adaptation. Liver test abnormalities normalized in 81% of patients after the addition of allopurinol. Sixteen (21%) patients had to discontinue combination therapy. The percentage of patients still using combination therapy at 6, 12, 24, and 60 months was 87%, 85%, 76%, and 65%, respectively. Conclusions: Long-term combination therapy with allopurinol and low-dose thiopurines is an effective and well-tolerated treatment in IBD patients with a skewed thiopurine metabolism. (In fl amm Bowel Dis 2013;19:363 – 369) safety and effectiveness of concomitant use of thiopurines and allopurinol in IBD patients who failed weight-based conventional thiopurines.


Atmospheric turbulence strength profile measurements are presented for a number of astronomical observation sites. These results were obtained using the generalised SCIDAR (SCIntillation, Distance And Ranging) technique which allows both the turbulence strength profile and the velocity of the turbulent layers to be determined as a function of height.


The paper addresses to the problem of active games on the lessons of physical education. It is proved that the inclusion of active games with objects in the seventh grade lessons raises the level of physical development, physical fitness and motivation in relation to regular practice by means of physical education in and out of school.


Received May 25, 2006, accepted June 17, 2006Dr. C. J. Mbah, DMI Inc., 86 N. Main Street, Wharton, NJ 07885, USAPharmazie 62: 112–114 (2007) doi: 10.1691/ph.2007.2.6106The kinetics of decomposition of rabeprazole sodium in aqueous solutions at elevated temperatureshas been investigated by high performance liquid chromatography. The reaction is found to follow first-order kinetics and the rate constant for the degradation at 25 C is estimated by extrapolation. Thebreakdown of rabeprazole sodium is shown to be water and hydrogen ion catalysed and the effects ofionic strength and buffer concentrations to such rate studies are discussed.1. IntroductionRabeprazole sodium, {[(4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl]-methyl)-sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole sodium saltis a substituted benzimidazole proton pump inhibitor(Prakash and Faulds 1998; Robinson 2004). Clinically,rabeprazole sodium is administered as delayed-releaseenteric coated tablets for the treatment of gastroeso-phageal reflux disease, duodenal ulcers and patholo-gical hypersecretory conditions, including Zollin-ger-Ellison syndrome. Rabeprazole acts by blockingirreversibly the hydrogen-potassium adenosine tripho-sphatase enzyme system (the K


The Age of Information (AoI), which evaluates the information freshness, and the energy efficiency (EE) play key roles in cellular IoT networks. This is due to that outdated data can hardly provide any useful information for delay-sensitive applications and the IoT devices usually have limited battery life. In particular, the AoI can be significantly affected by the transmission latency, which becomes the bottleneck for the AoI performance in ultradensely deployed cellular IoT networks. Moreover, it is desirable for cellular IoT networks to achieve low AoI with high EE. The data compression (DC) can decrease the AoI and improve the EE by reducing the transmission latency. Therefore, in this work, the AoI and EE performance in a large-scale densely deployed uplink cellular IoT network are jointly analyzed with the DC technology. Specifically, the closed-form results of AoI are derived and validated by Monte Carlo simulations. Based on these results, the AoI–EE ratio is defined to evaluate the tradeoff between the AoI and the EE. Equipped with these results, the effects of compression ratio (CR) and status update packet generation rate (SUPGR) on both the AoI and the AoI–EE ratio are analyzed numerically. The results show that by jointly optimizing the CR and SUPGR, the AoI can be decreased by up to 82% and the AoI–EE ratio can be reduced by up to 83% as compared with the case that only adjusts the SUPGR without the DC. It indicates that the DC should be widely adopted in IoT devices, which can improve the information freshness with low-energy consumption, especially in an ultradensely deployed scenario.


This paper presents a new design of dual-pole (4-pole and 8-pole) Line Start Synchronous Motor (LSSM) with consequent magnetic pole structure. The proposed structure reduces the Permanent Magnet (PM) volume in the rotor core by 67 percent with respect to the reference dual-pole machine. Given the direct impact of the PM magnetic field on producing negative torque components such as braking torque and pulsating torque, lower PM volume can potentially limit the production of such negative torques. Therefore, in addition to cost saving benefits, the proposed structure contributes to a smooth start-up process. Meanwhile, different geometrical structures of PMs and flux barriers are discussed, their impacts on the overall motor performance are highlighted, and general design guidelines are provided. In particular, six different rotor structures with different PM arrangement and/or flux barrier arc angle are analyzed in Finite Element (FE) and their steady-state and transient performance metrics are compared. Finally, the best motor candidate is selected for further analyses, and prototyping.


The article addresses the issue of the development of linguistic creativity in translation activity of students. The author discusses all types of lexical and grammatical transformations, which characterize linguistic creativity in translation activity.


Aggregation behavior of sulfonated poly(butylmethacrylate-b-styrene(PBMA-b-PSt)block iono_mer in polar solvent DMF was investigated by excimer fluorescence spectrum. It is found that the sulfonation degree and concentration of the block ionomers strongly effect on chains state of aggregate. The block ionomers with different sulfonation degrees have different critical aggregation concentration. The maximum emission wavelength of the excimer increases with the concentration of the block ionomers. The red shift of the maximum emission wavelength is the largest at sulfonation degree of 3.59%(mole fraction). In this case polymer chains of sulfonated PBMA-b-PSt block ionomers have the most aggregative compactibility. The sulfonation degree of 3.59% may be regarded as a critical sulfonation degree at which the polymers would display behavior as an ionomer or a polyelectrolyte.


NSAIDs vary markedly in cost, and physicians could save resources by prescribing the less expensive ones before resorting to newer, costlier agents.


Distributed Operating Systems is one of the most modernizing concepts of the world. When it comes to Distributed Networks and Operating Systems, Real-Time Operating systems are highly crucial for the developers to achieve desired Tasks. To make the concept into the working functionality, Synchronization is playing a huge role. Synchronization has experimented with many techniques by researchers. Still, there is a lack of analysis to find the most optimized and most effective technique to achieve the goal of enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) by synchronization context. Apart from that research is analytically produces the explanation about existing synchronization platforms in the computing world including backup Synchronization, On-Chip Memory Handling, Location-Based Network Systems Configuration, and Hardware Oriented Synchronization. Especially this research focuses on the problems and challenges of the existing RTOS and Distributed RTOS (DRTOS) Systems. Further, this paper will elaborate on the best-suited solutions and techniques to follow during the development of Distributed Node Network with Multi-Core Processors. It will propose multiple techniques to enhance the efficiency by using various algorithms comprising lock-based, lock-free, semaphore based, Mutex based, and Hardware related high accuracy criteria. Also, this will be highly beneficial for the people who are interested in Internet of Thing-based Distributed Networks to build more supportive and high-performance processing systems using desired featured objectives.


Objective. To estimate interobserver agreement among colposcopy quality control reviewers viewing digitized cervical images during the Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance/Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Triage Study (ALTS). Materials and Methods. Three colposcopy quality control reviewers independently examined modem-transferred digitized colposcopic images from subjects examined at four clinical centers. Reviewers indicated colposcopic impression, Reid colposcopic index scores, lesion size, and the technical quality of the image. Rates of agreement were evaluated using the κ statistic and McNemar and Bowker tests of symmetry. Results. Regarding colposcopic impressions, the average weighted κ for pairs of initial reviewers was 0.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.39). κ scores with respect to Reid colposcopic index, cervical image quality, and lesion size ranged from 0.23 to 0.28, 0.18 to 0.27, and 0.33 to 0.42, respectively. Conclusions. Fair rates of agreement and poor to fair κ scores among ALTS colposcopy quality control reviewers were noted for colposcopic impression, Reid colposcopic index scores, image quality, and lesion size. Great latitude exists in the interpretation of digitized cervical images. Poor image quality partially may explain these suboptimal results.


It is proposed description of the approach to the
analysis, synthesis and construction of a unified scheme of the smart-grid. The approach is based on the structural-linguistic method, which allows demonstrably motivate further steps in the construction of optimal
operating scheme of the smart-grid control solvability of the problem. On the basis of the approach synthesized a
unified scheme of the smart-detector based on which one
can build a circuit device to maintain efficiency and
control of technical and economic effectiveness of smart-grid.


In this work, photoluminescence (PL) properties of nearly defect-free Mg-doped InN nanowires were investigated in detail. The low-doped sample exhibits two PL emission peaks up to 152 K, which can be ascribed to the band-to-band recombination and the Mg-acceptor energy level related recombination, respectively. For the high-doped sample, the Mg-acceptor energy level related transition dominates. Detailed power dependent PL studies further indicate that the Mg-acceptor energy level related PL emission is due to the donor-acceptor pair recombination process, which subsequently evolves into the free-to-acceptor recombination with increasing temperature.


With the specific primers YP1 and YP2 which were designed based on the reported Potato virus Y(PVY)pl gene sequence,the target gene(0.83kb)was amplified by RT—PCR using the total I A extracted from PVY infected tobacco plant as templates.The gene was cloned into plasmid an d tran sformed then E coli.DH5a sequenced.The result of sequence analysis shows it iS the PVY pJ gene. The comparison shows that there are significant differences on the P1 amino acid sequence am ong the known PVY isolates。the identity ran ges from 64% tO 94% 。Based Oil P1 amino acid sequence,the PVY phylogenic tree was established an d the isolates of PVY were clustered into man y bran ches.


Adults who were treated for retinoblastoma as children face a small increased risk of chronic health problems in later life, a US study has found.1

Previous research on the long term health effects of treatment for retinoblastoma have been small and have focused primarily on specific problems, such as eye problems or new cancers. To provide a more comprehensive review a team led by Danielle Novetsky Friedman, of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, assessed the long term medical problems of 470 …


Sowerby's beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens) was previously known in the Mediterranean Sea from a single live stranding of two individuals in the French Riviera. We report here on two live sightings in the western Mediterranean, central-western Tyrrhenian Sea off eastern Corsica (Montecristo Trough) and off eastern Sardinia (Caprera Canyon) in 2010 and 2012, respectively. In both cases single individuals, possibly the same individual, occurred within groups of Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) suggesting inter-specific interactions. Based on our close observations of mixed-species groups of Sowerby's and Cuvier's beaked whales, we hypothesize that some previous long-distance sightings of beaked whales in the Mediterranean may not be reliably attributed to Z. cavirostris. The present sightings and previous live stranding indicate that the western Mediterranean Sea is the easternmost marginal area of M. bidens within the North Atlantic geographic range. Notes on behaviour are also provided.


This paper analyzed the satisfaction of compulsory education in34 central cities which based on"2012lien public service quality survey for Chinese cities".The finding shows that there is a big satisfaction difference among these cities.By setting up a Hierarchical Linear Model,this paper enquires the influence on citizens' satisfaction from both city-level and citizen-level.The city-level variables include GDP per capita,population scale,per capita public expenditure on compulsory education,compulsory education expenditure level etc.,while the citizen-level variables include age group,gender,occupation,education,income etc.The finding also shows that the citizen-level variables,such as gender,household register,occupation,education,income,significantly explain the variance in satisfaction among cities(P0.05),but the city-level variables can't explain it though they have significant impact on citizens' satisfaction.Finally,we put forward relevant policy suggestions to promote equalization of education foundation,education equity,and reduce the burden of students.


The research of food safety management in foreign countries consist of four parts in foreign countries:"from farm to table" food safety control system,the technology of food safety management,food safety law and economic and political analysis.The paper summarizes the character of foreign research and inspires the food safety research in China.


Abstract Introduction Some research show the impact of the traumatic experiences of emotional abuse during childhood in an insecure attachment style [1], leading to a negative attitude towards oneself and towards others [2]. Studies also show that child abuse is a significant predictor of low self-esteem in adulthood [3]. The objectives of the current study are to analyse the relationship between the youth victimisation and self-esteem in adulthood, the adult attachment and the youth victimisation, and the self-esteem in adults and the adult attachment. This study is important to show, in a Portuguese sample, how these variables are linked, providing knowledge about the implications of previous experiences of youth victimisation. Materials and methods The sample comprised 109 Portuguese participants, with ages between 18 and 68 years old (M = 33.96, SD = 13.97), and the majority was female (n = 82, 77.4%). Participants responded online to a sociodemographic questionnaire, a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) [4], a Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) [5], and an Adult Attachment Scale-R (AAS-R) [6]. Portuguese versions of the questionnaires were used. Results The total score of the RSES revealed a significant statistical correlation with the CTQ subscales: Emotional Abuse (r=–0.233, p=.016), Emotional Neglect (r=–0.201, p=.039), and Physical Neglect (r=–0.235, p=.015). The total score of the CTQ showed significant statistical and correlations with the total score of the AAS-R and with its subscales: Anxiety (r = 0.198, p=.042), Close (r = 0.477, p<.001), and Depend (r = 0.445, p<.001). The factor Anxiety in the AAS-R showed a significant statistical correlation with the CTQ subscale Emotional Abuse (r = 0.349, p<.001). The subscale Close in the AAS-R showed significant statistical correlations with the CTQ subscales: Emotional Abuse (r=–0.266, p=.006), Emotional Neglect (r=–0.346, p<.001), Physical Neglect (r=–0.244, p=.012).The subscale Depend on the AAS-R revealed a significant statistical correlation with the CTQ subscales: Emotional Abuse (r=–0.249, p=.010). The RSES also showed a significant statistical correlation with the AAS-R subscales: Anxiety (r=–0.590, p<.001), Close (r = 0.511, p<.001), and Depend (r = 0.354, p<.001). Discussion and conclusions This study highlights the relationship between experiences of youth victimisation and the increase of attachment anxiety in adulthood, decreased self-esteem, comfort with proximity, and confidence in others concerning the attachment in adults. The current study corroborates previous findings [1,2]. This research contributes to the practice of clinical and forensic psychology in the prevention and intervention in childhood trauma, showing, in a Portuguese sample, the impact of the social implications of trauma on attachment style, and self-esteem, during adulthood. However, although this research achieved important results, further studies are recommended, developing a theoretical model with those variables, and with a larger sample.


In this work, we analyze the links between the theory of republicanism and armed citizenship in Argentinian debates in the nineteenth century. The theoretical and historical approach allows the interpretation of two articles of the National Constitution: Article 21, which establishes the obligation of all citizens "to bear arms in defense of the fatherland and of this Constitution", and Article 22, which considers that "any armed force or meeting of persons assuming the rights of the people and petitioning in their name, commits the crime of sedition". An analysis under the light of the republican conception of armed citizenship shows in these two clauses the paradox of popular sovereignty that, on the one hand, recognizes and maintains the constituent power in the people and, on the other hand, aims to restraints and subjects it by state authorities.


This study aims to analyze bioactive compounds found in Tambelo maceration extracts in Mimika Regency. In this study, HPLC amino acid and GC-MS analysis were used. The results of the analysis show that Tambelo extract contains 16 types of amino acids and eight types of fatty acids. Amino acids and fatty acids function as energy sources, regulation of metabolism. Some types of antioxidant amino acids can reduce or counteract the negative effects of oxidant hydrogen ions by donating one electron. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the highest composition of HPLC amino acid analysis results is L-alanine (3.04%) while the highest composition results of GC-MS analysis are palmitic fatty acids (12.67%) included in the group of saturated fatty acids.


Although medical schools have historically emphasized the three–legged stool of teaching, clinical work, and research in evaluating faculty, it is, I believe, fair to say that for a long time the research leg has hypertrophied, and the teaching leg has atrophied and/or been neglected. Promotions and pay raises have historically rewarded productive research but have not always taken cognizance of good teaching, certainly not in equal proportion to research. During the past ten years, however, several medical schools have rewritten their tenure and promotion policies to provide new avenues for recognizing teaching, usually by establishing multiple tracks for promotion, albeit often without recognition through tenure. Perhaps for practical rather than philosophical or idealistic reasons, schools have most recently begun to recognize the need to improve financial compensation for their teachers. Faculty members are under pressure to generate income for their hospitals and schools (as well as their families) through their faculty practice plan, and to obtain grants and conduct research, if they wish to be considered for promotion; and are reluctant to essentially donate time for teaching, a frequently uncompensated and under–rewarded activity. With the number of available teachers dwindling, many schools are rethinking not only their promotion tracks, but also their financial compensation practices. Only a couple of weeks ago, Harvard Medical School announced that it is doubling its' teaching budget from $8 to $16 million dollars per year, in the hopes of attracting more—and well qualified—clinical teachers. In this climate, the paper by Dr. Amy Ursano and her colleagues, "The Teaching Alliance: A perspective of the Good Teacher and Effective Learning," is timely and most welcome. The authors optimistically posit that "teaching is a part of nearly every professional's activities and, for some, it is a career"—an assertion, the latter part of which I for one would question in light of the discussion above. As a committed teacher, I of course wish that the assertion, if not entirely true now, rapidly becomes so in the near future. The authors appear to focus primarily on the teaching of psychotherapy although, at times, their remarks clearly address other forms of teaching, be it lectures, seminars, or other small group teaching. Their focus is certainly on teaching in the behavioral sciences, psychiatry, psychology, and social work; and their thesis is that at least in this professional arena, "the teaching alliance is the fundamental relationship between teacher and student." They assert that "for the good teacher, teaching is not a display of knowledge, rather it is a process which includes identifying an area for learning and deciding on the interventions that would foster learning." Teaching and the teaching alliance are, I believe, vast subjects that cannot be easily addressed in a short paper. From that standPsychiatry 70(3) Fall 2007 246


Amorphous metal oxides have numerous applications spanning from electronics to catalysis. The ability to rationally design the electronic structure of such materials would thus have significant impact. Previous work has shown that the amorphous structure allows for uniformly incorporating a large number of different metal cations into ultrasmooth thin films. Here we investigate how the atomic structure, electronic structure, and optical absorption properties of amorphous aluminum oxide (a-Al2O3) thin films are modulated when metal cations of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, or Ga are added to form MyAl1–yOx where y varies from 0.1 to 0.7. We use X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to analyze oxidation state and local bonding around the incorporated cations (e.g., coordination number), valence-band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (VB-XPS) to assess the impact of the cations on the valence band electronic structure, and optical absorption spectroscopy to assess the presence and energies of new unoccupied ele...


1.The Korea Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center. Annual report of cancer statistics in Korea in 2011, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2013. 2.Hudson MM, Ness KK, Gurney JG, Mulrooney DA, Chemaitilly W, Krull KR, et al. Clinical ascertainment of health outcomes among adults treated for childhood cancer. Jama. 2013;309(22):2371-81. 3.Grundy SM. Metabolic syndrome: a multiplex cardiovascular risk factor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(2):399-404. Eighty-eight survivors participated in the study (45 males and 43 females). Of the 52 adult participants, 42 replied to the questionnaire about physical activity. Childhood cancer survivors had higher walking performance rate than control group, and there was no significant difference in performance rate of other kinds of activities. Thirty-four (38.6%) survivors had one or more components of metabolic syndrome, and there were no differences in the prevalence rates of components of metabolic syndrome between patients and control group. Survivors had significantly lower BMDLS than normal reference population, with BMDLS z score of -0.50 (P = 0.001). Prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome and osteopenia were not different according to walking performance.


Evapotranspiration (ET) plays an important role in land surface atmosphere interaction which significantly drives hydrological cycle, vegetation functioning resulting to agricultural production. In this study, observations of energy fluxes, energy partitioning, and evapotranspiration (ET) were conducted on a monoclonal stand of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) plot (clone RRIM 600) in 2017. The forestry population was 17 years old and had been tapped continuously over 10 years for latex harvesting at the Rubber Estate Organization station in Na Bon district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province in Thailand. The ET rate and associated energy fluxes were determined by means of eddy covariance (EC) method and complemented by micrometeorological measurements at 25 m tall tower. Tree stands were spaced on plots of 3.0×7.0 m2 with mean canopy height of 22 m. Data were collected during January 1 to September 27, 2017.  Results found that the energy balance closure of the rubber agroecosystem was approximately 78 %. Overall, the latent heat (LE) flux was the main term of energy exchange (58 - 60 %) due to its dominance across the growing season. The ratios of the latent heat (LE) and sensible heat (H) to net radiation were 0.58 and 0.24 throughout the period of study, respectively. Moreover, the daily mean of evapotranspiration (ET) was 7.16 mm.d-1 over the whole period of this study. However, a slightly higher rate of daily mean ET (7.35 mm.d-1) was indicated during the foliage period than during the leaf senescence period due to sufficient soil moisture associated with high rate of seasonal precipitation. It is concluded, that ET is an extremely sensitive variable to understand in energy flow in this ecosystems as well as a precursor for presetting condition for droughts prognosis (forecast) in a rubber ecosystem.


The proponents of the entrepreneurial motivation dichotomy have argued that opportunity-driven entrepreneurs are more likely to succeed and sustain in entrepreneurship, unlike people who start-up businesses out of necessity. However, disagreement still exists on why and under which conditions the former might outperform the latter. This research contributes to this debate by examining the mediation role of psychological capital in the relationship between entrepreneurial motivation and business success among youths. This study relied on a random sample of 295 young entrepreneurs surveyed from Bukavu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We applied partial least squares to analyze the hypothesized relationships. Evidence for the positive effect of opportunity-led motivation on psychological capital was found, but the findings did not support any direct effect of entrepreneurial motivation on business success. Instead, psychological capital positively and significantly mediated the relationship between entrepreneurial motivation and business success. This paper makes a distinctive new contribution to the understanding of the intriguing and controversial entrepreneurial motivation dichotomy—a business success relationship. To this end, we have found out that opportunity entrepreneurs have 3% more chance of succeeding in businesses compared to necessity entrepreneurs, because the former outperform the latter by 4% in the dimensions of psychological capital. This paper has new policy implications, as it reveals the great importance of psychological capital in promoting business success, thus reducing unemployment among youths, and offers tips from which psychological capital can be built or improved.


According to the experiments on the damage degree of the lining concrete at different temperatures, and also the following observations on the structure by scanning under a electronic microscope with X-ray diffraction method. In this paper, the organization changes and mineral components in lining concrete are studied; and then the changing rules of the elastic model under four kinds of state at different temperatures are analyzed. The experiment results show that the higher the temperature of the lining materials increases, the more evident the damage degree will be. As a result, the supporting ability of the tunnel structure will be greatly affected.


Suppose that there are 50 million people in the labor force in Mexico and 150 million in the U.S. All workers prefer to work in their own country, but the extent of this preference varies across people. Assume that Mexican and U.S. workers are perfect substitutes (that is, they are equally productive when working in the same country), and assume that the same product is produced in both countries, and that the product price is 1. The technology in each country is described by a Cobb-Douglas production function with constant returns: for i E {I, 2}, with a E (0,1). The total supply of capital in the two countries is a fixed amount KO, and capital can be moved from one country to the other at no cost. The owners of the capital act so as to maximize income-the capital is rented to the highest bidder. All markets are competitive, except that there may be restrictions on migration of labor from one country to the other. A Suppose that immigration is not allowed, and it is observed that the equilibrium wage is $30 per hour in the U.S., and $10 per hour in l'vlexico. Does this imply that U.S. firms are more productive (Le. that Al > A 2)? If a = ~' and A 2 = 1, do you have enough information to determine AI? B Now suppose that workers can freely migrate from one country to the other. The home country preference depends on the relative wage, w = ~' and preferences are uniformly distributed. If w = 5, all Mexican workers would prefer to work in the U.S.; and if w = 2, 40% of Mexican workers would prefer to work in the U.S., and so on. a How many people will migrate, in the new equilibrium? b What happens to wages in each country? Explain why. c Does the relative wage rise or fall? d What happens to output in each country? What happens to total output (the sum of the outputs in the two countries)? e Discuss the welfare implications of your results. Answer If capital is freely mobile across two countries but labor is not, then in equilibrium the marginal product of capital is the same in the two countries, and since marginal and average products are proportional for the Cobb-Douglas technology, this implies and and r;, = aO where k i = h(' …


4-8,a new spring wheat somaclonal germplasm derived from immature embryos of spring wheat variety Yongliang 4,displayed immunity to yellow rust(Puccinia striiformi f.sp.tritic)(the component of the yellow rust including equally mixed together Tiaozhong 31,Tiaozhong 32,Shui 4,Shui 5,Shui 7 and Shui 14 physiological races,which have been prevalent in China and Gansu Province currently) in field performance in six generation identified by inducing identification.Artificial inoculating mixed races with different virulence at seedling stage and adult stage and inoculating physiological races of yellow rust at adult stage in R6 generation.The results indicated that the variant germplasm was immune to stripe rust mixed races with different virulence at seedling stage and adult stage,and also immune to physiological races of yellow rust at adult stage.The analysis of activity of the enzyme PAL,PPO,POD had been carried out following inoculating Tiaozhong 32 physiological race,the result indicated that,in 4-8 line,the activity of the three enzymes were enhanced highly and maintained for long time,in Yongliang 4,that were so,but the increase of the enzymatic activity were placid and lightly.The results illustrated that the tissue culture improved the three enzymes activity and these variants were helpful for the synthesizing and accumulation of substance resistant to yellow rust,that was the biochemical base resistant to stripe rust in the new ine,4-8.Compared with its donor,the plant height reduced,the growth duration deduced,the effective spikes,1000-grain weight and plot yield increased,spike length,grain number of main spike,fertilized spiklets deduced,plant type was significantly different from its donor.


Human action recognition is very important in human computer interaction. In this article, we present a new method of recognizing human actions by using Microsoft Kinect sensor, k-means clustering and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Kinect is able to generate human skeleton information from depth images, in addition, features representing specific body parts are generated from the skeleton information and are used for recording actions. Then k-means clustering assigns the features into clusters and HMMs analyze the relationship between these clusters. By doing this, we achieved action learning and recognition. According to our experimental results, the average accuracy was 91.4 %.


ABSTRACT A natural environmental information and impact assessment system has been developed to provide local decision-makers with ready access to environmental data and to allow them to explore the natural environmental consequences of development activities. This system, operational on the Rice University computer facility, currently serves Chambers County, Texas. The system consists of three major elements: 1) a natural environmental data base, 2) a data storage-retrieval and display capability; and 3) an impact assessment routine. Interaction between the user and the system is conducted entirely in an on-line conversational mode. The data base is coded in the form of 3,200 uniform rectangular grid cells referenced to the latitude-longitude coordinate system. Each cell contains data describing 83 natural environmental variables. The system's storage-retrieval and display capability allows the user to update the data base, to retrieve information, and to perform fundamental data processing functions. Maps can be produced showing the spatial distribution of various natural features. The impact assessment routine was developed in the form of 24 sub-models each describing the relationship between eight major land-use categories and particular aspects of the natural system. In terms of information flow, a proposed development, described in terms of its constituent land-uses, is first evaluated with respect to characteristics of the proposed site to determine the existence of natural or man-made encumbrances. The land-uses are then described in terms of the input they make into the natural system. Depending upon the type of input in question a particular sequence of evaluations is performed, in conjunction with the data base, to estimate the magnitude of the impacts created. The results of this assessment are then displayed to the user in the form of a brief narrative report.


The corrosion inhibiting behavior and the change of concrete properties after the addition of a new rebar corrosion inhibitor DETA TU were studied by EIS method. The results show that the resistance of both concrete pore solution and the charge transfer of rebar corrosion process are increased. It has been proved that DETA TU is a dual function corrosion inhibitor, namely, it can cut out part of the capillary in the concrete as well as build up a protective layer on the rebar surface. The results after long period immersion show DETA TU has a good water resistance. Compared with nitrite, DETA TU has a different corrosion inhibiting mechanism.


Analysis of wave scattering by a system of parallel, homogeneous dielectric cylinders of arbitrary cross section is performed by means of an uncoupled surf ace integral equation satisfied by a single source which is distributed on the cylinder surfaces. This integral equation is constructed by replacing the original problem by an equivalent problem in a manner which is different from that used in the classical equivalence theorem. The physical fields are expressed simply in terms of the single source function. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the single-source surface integral equation method with respect to that of the volume integral equation method. INTRODUCTION Construction of new surface integral equations for wave scattering problems is motivated by the possibility of substantially increasing the computational efficiency of the associated algorithms as compared to that corresponding to volume integral equation methods. In the latter methods all media are replaced by free-space and by an equivalent distribution of polarization current [1]. This permits the modeling of complicated nonhomogeneous objects, but at the expense of creating a large number of unknowns. Surface integral equation methods reduce the dimensionality of the problem by using only surf ace distributions of electric and magnetic currents on the interfaces between homogeneous regions [2]. However, typical surface integral equation methods become cumbersome due to the coupling of the equations which are expressed in terms of both electric and magnetic current. In such methods, the fields within a homogeneous region are expressed only in terms of the electric and magnetic currents on the enclosing surface. These currents must therefore represent all the complexity of the surrounding media; this is an unnecessary modeling burden. Recently, a single surface integral equation was constructed for wave scattering by a single simply-connected homogeneous dielectric [3]. In the present paper, the single surface integral equation is rederived for application to the problem of two-dimensional wave scattering by an arbitrary number of distinct homogeneous dielectric cylinders. The field within each cylinder is calculated by using a single source which is distributed on all material interfaces in the many-body system. In this sense, the solution differs greatly from that obtained by coupled surf ace integral equation methods and is reminiscent of surface integral formulas in electrostatics where all media are replaced by free-space with a source distribution over interfaces. Due to the usage of a single source function to express the fields everywhere, with no coupling of the integral equation, it is expected that the application of the presented method to many-body scattering problems yield an increased efficiency and numerical stability with respect to existing methods. FORMULATION Consider the transverse magnetic (Hz = 0) plane wave scattering by an arbitrary number of dielectric cylinders, eiich having a distinct cross section, permittivity and permeability, as shown in Fig. 1. A time dependence of e'w' is assumed and suppressed. The resulting field has only an Ez component which obeys a homogeneous Helmholtz equation in each subregion Vi, ( V + k~ )E/r) = o, rE V. I (I) where ki = roJEJ!; is the medium wave number, with ei and μi being the permittivity and permeability of vi, respectively. The field and its normal derivative are subject to the boundary conditions (Ez (r) )+ = (£2 (r) )_, r E Si (2)


The principle of coupled action of surrounding rock and support is a basic theory to accurate reveal that the tunnel is effectively supported by support structure.The longitudinal deformation profile(LDP) of tunnel roof radial displacement of a practical project has been calculated based on spatial effects of the excavation face and E.Hoek empirical equation.Mechanical model that describes the coupled action of surrounding rock and support has been built,and then the mathematical model that describe the relation of the tunnel roof radial displacement and virtual support force in mechanical model is built.The coupled action between surrounding rock and support in their whole interaction process is analyzed by analyzing and studying of mathematical and mechanical model.For the principle of coupled action of surrounding rock and support at elastioplastic deformation stage,the latest understanding has been given.The supporting action effect of a practical project has been calculated and analyzed by the research results.In this paper,the interaction solution of complete action process of surrounding rock and support at elastioplastic deformation stage has been obtained,and the interaction of surrounding rock and support also can be on-line predicted or reproduced by the research results.


JAVIER DeFELIPE and EDWARD G. JONES (eds), Cajal's Degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system, transl. Raoul M. May, History of Neuroscience No. 5, New York, Oxford University Press, 1991, pp. xvi, 769, illus., £60.00 (0-19-506516-6). One of the most exciting parts of neuroscience is the rapidly growing field of developmental neurobiology. As in all scientific enterprises today, the increasing volume of literature means that most participants are content to peruse only material of the last two or three decades. However, in this particular area of research ideas and experimental data reported almost eighty years ago are of relevance to modern workers. Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934) of Spain was the most eminent histolologist of the nervous system since investigations began in earnest during the 1830s. It was he who, along with Wilhelm His (1831-1904) and August-Henri Forel (1848-1931), confirmed the individuality of nerve cells, as formulated in the neurone doctrine. This was, however, only a small part of his life's work, which ranged over all types of nervous tissue, including the retina. In 1913 and 1914 he published Estudios sobre la degeneracion y regeneracion del sistema nervioso, a classic book based on six years' work. In it he reported a remarkable series of observations and experiments on all aspects of the nerve regeneration process, using his own staining techniques amongst others and critical analyses of his findings. As was his custom, he made liberal reference to his contemporaries and pupils, and, as well as describing his laboratory results, he also recorded theoretical interpretations arising from them together with new ideas and hypotheses. It is here that the modern developmental neurobiologist finds material eighty years old but still relevant to today's research. Cajal's axone outgrowth theory, neurotropism, favoured the role of extraneous trophic agents in stimulating axone growth and of highly specific interaction between particular axone terminals and their synaptic sites following nerve fibre damage or section. For some time this theory was not widely accepted, but recent investigations seem to confirm the original thesis. Thus, his basic theories of neurogenesis and nerve degeneration have provided valuable guides to subsequent workers, which has also been the case with other parts of Cajal's writings. His book of 1913-14 had a limited distribution and was virtually unknown in Europe and North America before 1928, when this English translation with the author's appended notes appeared. Despite facsimile reprints in 1959 and 1968 it, likewise, was never widely available and this has induced the present editors to re-issue the English translation. In so doing they have produced one of the very best types of modern reprints. The text is untouched, but 160 pages have been added. These include: a brief discussion of the usefulness of the book to modern research; a list of textual errata; valuable extracts from Cajal's other works which relate to this topic; an account of his labours by his favourite pupil, J. Francisco Tello (1880-1958); and a bibliography of Cajal's references to the original text, corrected and amplified. It is to be hoped that this book will induce future editors of reprints to include similar enrichments. In the meantime it will be of value to the modern neuroscientist as well as to the historian of this speciality.


The complete drying out of the Aral and Caspian seas, as isolated continental water bodies, and their potential impact on the climate and environment is examined with numerical simulations. Simulations use the atmospheric general circulation model (ECHAM5) as well as the hydrological discharge (HD) model of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Meteorologie. The dry out is represented by replacing the water surfaces in both of the seas with land surfaces. New land surface elevation is lower, but not lover than 50 m from the present mean sea level. Other parameters in the model remain unchanged. The initial meteorological data is real; starting with January 1, 1989 and lasting until December 31, 1991. The final results were analyzed only for the second, as the first year of simulation was used for the model spinning up. The drying out of both seas leads to an increase in land surface and average monthly air temperature during the summer, and a decrease of land surface and average monthly air temperature during the winter, above the Caspian Sea. The greatest difference in temperature between dry and not dry cases have the same values, about 7–8 °C in both seasons, while daily extremes of temperature are much more pronounced. In the wider local/regional area, close to both seas, drying out leads to a difference in average annual temperatures by about 1 °C. On a global scale, the average annual temperature remains unchanged and the configuration of the isotherms remain unchanged, except for over some of the continents. In winter, Central Asia becomes cooler, while over Australia, southern Africa, and South America, it becomes slightly less warm. Furthermore, a new heat island occurs in western Sahara during summer.


Characterization of dynamics of the charge-carrying species in polymer electrolytes has proven difficult. In this work we focus on a nanocomposite polymer electrolyte created when poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is intercalated into a layered silicate, Li–montmorillonite. We characterize both the Li+–silicate distance and the cation dynamics by analysis of the changes in 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) line shape observed as the temperature is changed and cation diffusion is enabled. The observed spectra are compared to spectral simulations which emphasize the role of dipolar fields, associated with the static paramagnetic Fe3+ ions randomly distributed at the Al3+ lattice sites, interacting with the mobile cations. Low temperature line shapes are asymmetric, and not simply related to line shapes of more typical NMR interactions. Simulation of 7Li NMR spectra and comparison to experimental spectra shows that the Li+ interacts most strongly with the silicate surface layer, and all our evidence indicates th...


Objective: Identify the repercussion of public policies to incentive medical practice in rural areas and characterize the interest of Medicine students to reside in rural areas. Methods: A transversal, descriptive and analytic study was carried out between August 2013 and December 2016, including 381 students that were completing Medicine degree in Federal University of Para, Brazil. Results: From this total, 26.2% showed interest in residing in rural areas, considering that the greatest value was in the first semester of 2014 (35%) and the smallest in the second semester of 2015 (13.63%). Conclusion: It was remarked a tendency to increase the aim to reside in rural areas, with statistically relevant values, when we compare the values in 2014, 2015 and 2016. The contributing factors include, mainly, governmental measures to improve the assistance quality in rural cities.


It is emphasized that in democratic society the conflict between capitalists and socialists lies in the power of governments. The development of Christian position on property from the early Church to the twentieth century was demonstrated. It is shown that Niebuhr's criticism of the capitalist system consists of exaggerating the role of individualism in economic relations, and in idealization of the economic influence as having only a protective function. The fairness of criticism by socialists of economic tools as instruments of oppression has been revealed. The model of economic relations in modern Ukrainian society is considered. The mechanisms of economic oppression in modern society are described


The nucleation and propagation behaviors of cracks in CuNiAl shape memory alloy were observed using atom force microscopy (AFM). The results indicate that the martensite firstly formed at crack tip, the microcrack in nanometer is preferential to nucleate along martensite interface upon loading. When the external load was relatively big, the crack relatively long, thus the concentrated stress big enough, not only the martensite transformation, but also the slip bands are induced. Once the slip bands formed, the crack will propagate along martensite and slip bands alternatively.


A bis(amino)cyclopropenylidene-catalyzed direct method for the synthesis of α,α'-diarylated ketones from aromatic as well as heteroaromatic aldehydes has been developed. This unprecedented organocatalytic protocol offers access to a wide range of α,α'-diarylated ketones in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions through umpolung of aldehydes followed by 1,6-conjugate addition with para-quinone methides.


In this study, the catalytic activity of Ni/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 and Ni-K/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 catalysts prepared by urea hydrolysis and incipient wetness impregnation was investigated for steam reforming of ethanol. The results showed that the potassium promoted on Ni/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 catalyst exhibit good activity for steam reforming of ethanol. It was found that the presence of K alters the NiO phase rhombohedral phase (R-3m) to cubic phase (Fm-3m), which is more favor for C-C breakage. Moreover, it was found that the amount of carbon deposited decreases, when potassium is introduced to Ni/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 catalyst. This might be due to the fact that the presence of K species makes Ni active sites less favor for methane activation, resulting in the suppression of carbon deposition.


This paper develops an approach for optimal selection of signal-adapted wavelet in de-noising. The new method employs Wu's elimination algorithm to construct compacted orthogonal wavelets. The threshold cost function is used as the objective function during choosing of the wavelet. The approach is validated by its application to de-noising for on-line partial discharge (PD) measurement. The physical experiments and field tests show that the method improves the suppression of noise for on-line PD measurement with stronger robustness. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


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Modification of alumina support with an appropriate amount of magnesia (Mg/Al = 0.1) leads to the stable activity of the supported vanadium-antimony oxide catalyst for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene into styrene in the presence of carbon dioxide as oxidant. Correlation between catalytic performance and surface acidity has been found.


Quality control ofsurface current measurements fromHighFrequency (HF)radarrequires understanding of individual error sources andtheir contribution tothetotal error. Radialvelocity errordue to uncertainty ofthebearing determination technique employed byHF radarisobserved with bothdirection finding andphasedarraytechniques. Surface currentestimates utilizing MUltiple SIgnalClassification (MUSIC)direction finding algorithm witha compactantenna design areparticularly sensitive totheradiation pattern ofthe receive andtransmit antennas. Measuring theantenna pattern is acommonandstraightforward taskthatisessential foraccurate surface current measurements. Radial current error duetothea distorted antenna pattern isinvestigated byapplying MUSICto simulated HF radarbackscatter foranidealized oceansurface current. A MonteCarlotypetreatment ofdistorted antenna patterns isusedtoprovide statistics ofthedifferences between simulated and estimated surface current. RMS differences betweenthesimulated currents andcurrents estimated using distorted antenna patterns are3-12cm/sgreater thanthose using perfect antenna patterns given asimulated uniform current of50 cm/s.Thistypeofanalysis canbeusedinconjunction with antenna modeling software toevaluate possible errorduetothe antenna patterns before installing aHF radarsite.


The papaya (Carica papaya), of the family Caricaceae, is a tree-like tropical plant, native to Central and South America. Papaya cultivation extends to all warm and humid countries. The present study consists in using the solution of raw Carica papaya latex (SLCP) cultivated in Benin as a natural biodegradable flocculant in a physico-chemical process to treat liquid discharges loaded with metals including iron, copper, zinc, and manganese; and suspended matter, and also to test its efficiency against other products commonly used in wastewater treatment. The tests were carried out on water samples from the wastewater collector that runs through the Agla district in Cotonou. The comparative study with a commonly used flocculant, aluminium sulphate, showed outstanding competitiveness with a high flocculation power for the solution of Carica papaya raw latex. In six water samples from the collector with average concentrations of iron, copper, zinc and manganese of 18.20 mg/L ; 2.50mg/L ; 3.80 mg/L and 3.70 mg/L respectively, the percentages of metal removal exceeded 90% for iron and manganese and around 85% for copper and zinc with the combination FeCl3 + SLCP. The NaOH + SLCP combination showed a very significant effect on the removal of metals (96% reduction) and suspended matter. Original Research Article Alexis et al.; IRJPAC, 21(15): 42-49, 2020; Article no.IRJPAC.61114 43


A simple way to make physical encoding of data is to use some common Fourier optics tools, like lenses and some more sophisticated ones like a digital matrix detector (CCD, Charged Coupled Devices), as in Fig. 1. Except now the encoding and the compacting of the data is not made using Hadamard transform but a Fourier transform, which has less compacting power. There is however the big advantage of physically encrypting the data instead of manually or digitally doing the computation. The input data may be anything, a note, a picture, a diagram, anything at all. It may come at a moment notice and does not require any special preparation on the part of the operator. One can accomplish real-time encoding. It may require, however that the message data to be made available in a specific format, independent of the contents of the message. For instance it may have to be inscribed on a transparency and to have certain dimensions.


For this investigation swept-back configuration of the wing has been studied experimentally utilizing the surface flow visualization method. Swept-back wings have been widely implemented to achieve high aerodynamic efficiency under high-speed operation. To understand flow structure over wing the pattern formed by surface flow visualization techniques over wing leeward surface has been well implemented in aerodynamic literature. However, it is desirable to investigate the flow structure formed over swept-back wing under low-speed operation. In this study, an experimental study was conducted using surface flow visualization technique upon swept-back, tapered wing configuration. The wing has aspect ratio of 4 and designed using RAE2822 airfoil configuration. Changes in flow pattern with change in angle of attack have mainly been studied. Oil flow visualization studies showed increase in heavy span-wise flow with an increase in angle of incidence. At low-speed operation, the formation of separation bubble over the airfoil and induced span-wise flow from the presence of sweep and taper create three-dimensional vortex flow structure over the wing.


Development of high performance dielectric materials is required to facilitate the trend towards miniaturization of microwave communications circuits. A novel two-step sintering process has been found that enhances the value of (Q-factor) (frequency) (QF)product of Ba(Mg ⅓ Ta ⅔)O 3 (BMT). Detailed examination of samples densified in this way gives not only details of the grain size, defect content and state of order of the ordered perovskite grains but also reveals the presence of a number of previously unreported phases. These new phases have been examined by TEM using energy dispersive X-ray analysis to give them approximate chemical composition and convergent beam electron diffraction to determine their crystallography. Large unit cells are found which are evidently related to compounds studied previously in the x 3 BaMnO - system. The results will be discussed in relation to the enhanced performance of the materials.


Abstract Feral goats and hares were commonly infested by immature stages of the New Zealand cattle tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis. No explanation could be found for the low prevalence of adult ticks on these hosts. The ears of both host species were almost the exclusive feeding site of the ticks and this may be a consequence of grooming behaviour. Another potential host, the rabbit, was examined but few were found to be infested. The less restricted range of non-domesticated hosts, together with feeding habits that differ from domestic stock, make them an important additional source of information on the ecology and seasonal pattern of activity of H. longicornis. Also, they are a source of contamination for tick-free pasture, and could possibly maintain the tick population in the absence of sheep and cattle. It is important that their role as alternative hosts be understood and considered in tick-control programmes.


The article touches upon the problem of vocational trends in inter-subject links while studying mathematics. The author considers in great detail a competence approach, which contributes to the increase of competitiveness of a college graduate, allows him to realize his abilities in a more efficient way during his vocational activities.


Waste management in the school became one of the efforts to make the school into a comfortable, healthy and clean. Trash cartoon picture nationally and internationally is a trash can that was created to draw attention to the students in order to know the Jamblangan SDN level of fondness and accuracy in sorting out the trash students appropriately according the type of trash with cartoon stickers help national and international.
The purpose of this research is to know the level of joy and the accuracy of the students against the trash national and international picture.
These studies are either experimental quasi design research methods the research Post-test Only Design. Location of research in Srumbung subdistrict SDN Jamblangan Magelang with the respondent class 1, 2 and 3.
Conclusion of this research is the level of students favorite against trash pictorial national decline over three days of repetition that is as much as 21 people (55,3%), 17 people (44,7%) and 9 people (23,7%) and the level pf students favorite against trash international pictorial experience increased during three days of repetition that is as much as 17 people (44,7%), 21 people (55,3%) and 29 people (76,3%). On the research of the level of precision appropriate dump students in its kind has decreasdes for three repetitions with the category "No Right" with a score of 0 as much as 2 people (5,3%) be 1 people (2,6%) and the category of "No Right" score of 2 as much as 8 people (21,1%), 4 people (10,5%) and 2 people (5,3%). Research the level of accuracy of the students in appropriate trash type has increased for three days of repetitionwith the category "Very Timely" score of 3 as much as 28 people (73,7%), 34 people (89,5%) and 35 people (92,1%).


Gel for local treatment of skin diseases and for prophylaxis, characterized by containing more than 90% of a drying and/or protein coagulating, short-chained alcohol or alcohol mixture, primarily ethanol, and possibly adjuvants or additives and by containing a gelling agent, that possesses good skin-adhesive properties, that gives a matrix formation of alcohol or alcohol mixtures, that creates an evaporation inhibiting effect, gives a prolonged effect, and form a protective plaster when the gel has dried.


The solvent effects on stereoselectivity in the Diels–Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene, the [2 + 2]photodimerization of 2-cyclopentenone, and the enzymatic asymmetrization of prochiral 1,3-propane...


This article reviews the important ideas behind random matrix theory (RMT), which has become a major tool in a variety of disciplines, including mathematical physics, number theory, combinatorics and multivariate statistical analysis. Much of the theory involves ensembles of random matrices that are governed by some probability distribution. Examples include Gaussian ensembles and Wishart–Laguerre ensembles. Interest has centered on studying the spectrum of random matrices, especially the extreme eigenvalues, suitably normalized, for a single Wishart matrix and for two Wishart matrices, for finite and infinite sample sizes in the real and complex cases. The Tracy–Widom Laws for the probability distribution of a normalized largest eigenvalue of a random matrix have become very prominent in RMT. Limiting probability distributions of eigenvalues of a certain random matrix lead to Wigner's Semicircle Law and Marc˘enko–Pastur's Quarter-Circle Law. Several applications of these results in RMT are described in this article.


Abstract Objective Descriptors provided by patients with neuropathic low back pain (NLBP) with or without spinally referred leg pain are frequently used by clinicians to help to identify the predominant pain mechanisms. Indeed, many neuropathic screening tools are primarily based on subjective descriptors to determine the presence of neuropathic pain. There is a need to systematically review and analyse the existing evidence to determine the validity of such descriptors in this cohort. Methods Ten databases were systematically searched. The review adhered to PRISMA and CRD guidelines and included a risk of bias assessment using QUADAS-2. Studies were included if they contained symptom descriptors from a group of NLBP patients +/− leg pain. Studies had to include a reference test to identity neuropathic pain from other pain mechanisms. Results Eight studies of 3099 NLBP patients were included. Allodynia and numbness were found to discriminate between NLBP and nociceptive LBP in four studies. Autonomic dysfunction, (changes in the colour or appearance of the skin), was also found to discriminate between the groups in two studies. Dysesthesia identified NLBP in 5/7 respectively. Results from studies were equivocal regarding pain described as hot/burning cold and paroxysmal pain in people with NLBP. Conclusion Subjectively reported allodynia and numbness would suggest a neuropathic pain mechanism in LBP. Dysesthesia would raise the suspicion of NLBP. More research is needed to determine if descriptors suggesting autonomic dysfunction can identify NLBP. There is poor consensus on whether other descriptors can identify NLBP.


Objective To investigate the protective effects of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) on neural stem cells(NSCs) against the damage caused by β-amyloid protein(Aβ).Methods NSCs were cultured for 7 days and grouped as follows: group 1 (control group)was NSCs with normal culture conditions;group 2(injured group) was NSCs +Aβ;group 3(protective group) was NSCs +Aβ+BDNF;group 4(pre-protective group) was NSCs +BDNF+Aβ —NSCs were not treated with Aβ until NSCs and BDNF were co-cultured for 48 hours.The contents of LDH,NO and NOS in each group mentioned above were measured by spectrophotometry.Immunohistochemical analyses were used to detect the expression of microtubule associated protein-2(MAP-2).The morphological changes were observed during induction by transmission electron microscopy.Results There were no significant differences in contents of LDH,NO and NOS between the protective groups(groups 3 and 4) and the control group,however there were significant differences in the contents of LDH,NO and NOS between the protective groups(groups 3 and 4) and the injured group.The immunohistochemical examination showed that the ratio of differentiated neural stem cells in the protective group was higher than that in the injured group.The transmission electron microscopy showed that in the protective group,the apoptosis of neural stem cells was greatly decreased as compared with that in the injured group.In the pre-protective group,the proliferation of neural stem cell was greatly accelerated as compared with that in the protective group.Conclusions BDNF could have the action to protect neural stem cells from the cell toxicity caused by Aβ.If BDNF is co-cultured with neural stem cell beforehand,it can have higher protective efficiency.


We have compiled and analyzed earthquake focal solutions for the territory of Mongolia and its surroundings in order to reveal a spatial variability of stress orientation and stress regimes of the crust. According to the stress inversion results, the SHmax is turning from W-E in the eastern Mongolia to SW-NE in the Gobi Altay and the central Mongolia, and then to S-N in the western part of the region. Comparison with data derived from GPS measurements shows that directions of the strain axes revealed by the geodetic and seismological observations are generally consistent. A contradiction is found for the Bolnai zone where results of GPS estimation indicate the predominance of extension (in the SE-NW direction), whereas earthquake data for the longer period of seismic observations reveal compression. Compression in this zone is mainly due to the Tsetserleg-Bolnai earthquakes contribution; however, a part of the recent data on focal mechanisms fits an extensional stress field with the NNW orientated extension axis. These data are in accordance with some published works which suggest a transtensive field from some structural geology studies in the eastern part of the Bolnai zone. The paper is supplemented with a list of M≥4.5 earthquake fault plane solutions and unpublished focal mechanisms for some M≤4.5 earthquakes of the northern Mongolia and the southern Baikal region.


This paper presents the experimental results on the hybrid fibre reinforced concrete (HFRC) with hybrid fibres. A total of 30 concrete specimens were tested to study the effect of hybrid fibre reinforcement on the flexural performance of fibre reinforced concrete. The fibre content dosage V f ranged from 0.0 to 2.0%. Steel and Polyolefin fibres were combined in different proportions and their impact on strength and ductility studied. Addition of 2.0% by volume of hybrid fibres increases the above study parameters appreciably, when compared to the plain concrete. Empirical expressions for predicting the strength property of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete (HFRC) is proposed based on regression analysis.


ABSTRACT Amicrocomputer model was developed for use in design and analysis of stormwater management systems for agriculture in Florida's flatwoods. A version of CREAMS, CREAMS-WT, which simulates the hydrology of flat, high-water-table watersheds was combined with a modified SCS unit hydrograph and linked to a reservoir-channel routing program. A retention/detention area component was incorporated in to the model to simulate the reduction of nutrients in the runoff water. The model analyzes peak runoff rates and runoff volumes from design storms and routes these storms through a system of channels to a retention/detention area. The model was used with historical weather data to evaluate the water quality considerations from the developed area. Results indicate that the model adequately predicts peak runoff rates and runoff hydrographs from a multi-day runoff event from an existing watershed. The model also adequately predicts the reduction of nutrients when runoff is routed through a retention/detention area.


This study was carried out a trend analysis for analyzing change of meteorological elements in the main producing areas of Chinese cabbage, radish, pepper, garlic and onion. As meteorological elements, we selected air temperature(maximum, minimum), precipitation and duration of sunshine. We used monthly data of meteorological elements obtained from the main producing areas of vegetables for 30 years from 1981 to 2010. Mann-Kendall test used for significance test of trend and Sen's estimator of slope for computing the variance of meteorological elements. The study results showed that air temperature tended to increase, but duration of sunshine tended to decrease in most regions.


Poster: "ECR 2011 / C-0543 / Verification of repositioning accuracy by EPID (Electronic Portal Imaging Device) planar imaging using Mutual Information for head and neck IMRT" by: "D. Kawai; Tokyo/JP"


Since the end of the 1970s, alternatives to internal government production of public services have assumed increasing prominence. The most important of these has been contracting out, but a less travelled road has been co-production: the involvement of citizens, volunteers and clients in producing public services as well as consuming them. This article focuses on client co-production. It argues that by ignoring this option, governments have closed off one important option in the repertoire of management approaches. It demonstrates the necessity of client co-production to service-delivery and legal compliance, and considers examples of government agencies which have sought to harness it in positive ways.


The struggle of anticipating, accepting and adapting to 'change' is no different in academic world in comparison to that in the business world. This is because most of the systems, processes and practices in these two sectors are analogous. The success of TQM in industries has prompted many people to question "Why not in education?" This paper examines some views on comparative evaluation of TQM in industry v/s education. Issues discussed in this paper include the concept of product v/s students, customer v/s students and teachers, use of modern technology to enhance quality, and ISO standards.
Focus group interviews and comparative analysis have been carried out and inferences are drawn. Recommendations have been made to improve the quality of higher education and
enhance productivity of students & teachers, to make positive contributions to the technological growth.


It is discussed in the paper how to compute the capability index of process and its confidence interval for small sample from non-normal distribution which thd typical estimate method is invalid, that is computing generalized capability index of process with bootstrap. It can not only avoid the trouble of data from non-normal distribution, but also resolve the problem of accuracy with small sample. At last, as an example, we computed the the capability index of process and its confidence interval for Weibull distribution, which turns out to be efficacious.


The General Theory offers three explanations as regard unemployment : 1. maximised and anticipated profit comes into sight before full employment ; 2. the shifts in employment are deemed linked to the changes in the agents' preference for liquidity, so that the «liquidity trap» when it emerges, is opposed to the fall in interest rate, blocking investment. This hypothesis would not explain joblessness over a long-medium term period ; 3. the marginal yieldings of assets should be in line with money interest rates. However, if the equilibrium rate for the yield of assets in lower than the liquidity premium, for full employment to be reached there must be a decrease in monetary interest rates which supposes exogenous money supply, inconsistent with effective demand and banking activity. Moreover, it is unrealistic. The only feasible explanation lies in abandoning the explanation in terms of aggregate demand deficit in favour of one in terms of a deficit in aggregate supply.


Objectives: This study was conducted to identify Quality of Service parameters used in network. Different reliability types and performance metrics needed to predict reliability in wireless sensor network. Methods/Analysis: Sectoring scheme can be used for partitioning of network into different sectors. This scheme is used to improve reliability in wireless sensor network. Findings: In existing method various clustering algorithms are used for partitioning of network. Clustering consists of position of cluster head and if it far away from the sink in large network, the cluster node utilizes more energy. Therefore, for WSNs, it is especially vital to intend an algorithm to divide sensors in sectors to maximize the reliability (packet) and minimize the energy consumption apply for transformation of information from the sensor nodes to the base station i.e., sink node. Application/Improvement: Sectoring scheme is unique method used to acquire more packet delivery ratio i.e., the reliability of a sensor based network. To achieve reliability, different factors need to be considered for network review like number of sectors, angle between two sectors, packet size, node density, MAC protocols and Routing protocols.


This paper presents a DC/DC buck-boost converter topology with high voltage gain and dual outputs. Unlike many of the high step-down / step-up DC/DC converters, this topology uses relatively less number of LC components and three active semiconductor devices, switched in a non-overlapping way. In the proposed converter, the overall gains at both the output ports are non-linear functions of duty-cycles of the power devices, which help achieve an overall step-down/step-up gain of 10 to 15. An experimental prototype, converting 48V DC to ±5V DC at 100W output power is developed, in order to verify the operation and effectiveness of the proposed converter structure. An output voltage ripple of ±1% and a conversion efficiency of 94% are achieved according to the experimental results.


A traffic matrix is required to design, plan, and manage a telecommunications network. A great deal of work has been carried out to infer such a matrix from link load measurements. Of these, the Tomogravity method has shown some promise. However, in this paper it will be demonstrated that, in many realistic cases, it is possible to obtain even better results using a new method that will be referred to as TomoKruithof. This new method overcomes well-known row and column sum consistency problems with traditional gravity models published in the literature.


This article proposes a robot calibration method using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) and an artificial neural network (ANN) based on a butterfly and flower pollination algorithm (ANN-BFPA) to improve the robot's absolute pose (position and orientation) accuracy. After establishing a geometric error model, the EKF, a robust optimization algorithm for a nonlinear system with Gaussian noise, was used to estimate geometric parameter errors and compensate for geometric errors. However, nongeometric errors caused by joint clearance, gear backlash, and link deflection could still affect the pose accuracy and interfere with the correctness of the model. Therefore, the ANN-BFPA was proposed to compensate for these errors. The ANN model was used to establish the complex relationship between joint lengths and pose error. In addition, BFPA was used to optimize weights and bias of the neural network. The efficiency of the proposed calibration method was evaluated using a Stewart platform. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method significantly improved the robot's pose accuracy and showed better performance than previous techniques.


Abstract Pollen morphology and ultrastructure have been investigated in 20 taxa of Phagnalon Cass, and two species of Aliella Qaiser & Lack (Asteraceae), by means of light microscopy, SEM, and TEM. Measurements of the polar axis and equatorial diameter, exine thickness, spine length, and the diameter/exine thickness quotient are presented. Both Phagnalon and Aliella have a thick tectum with an outer baculate layer and an irregularly interlaced inner layer. The foot layer is thin, well distinguished and separated from the tectum by a cavea. The endexine is thick, lamellated and its proximal surface is irregular. Both the pollen morphology and ultrastructure corroborate the hypothesis that Phagnalon and Aliella belong to the basal complex of the tribe Gnaphalieae, rather than to a more derived group of that tribe, or to the Inuleae.


Purpose – Construction planning will play an increasingly more critical role within the realm of the built environment due to the unprecedented growth in the industry and a general skills shortage. Existing practices are failing to deliver the desired results for construction companies and clients alike. The increasing availability of 3D models has facilitated their use in a process known as 4D planning, allowing the visual planning of activities including the communication of logistical and other interfaces. The purpose of the research was to better understand the implementation of such a process, and determine the benefits thereof.Design/methodology/approach – A survey of the literature was followed by an observation/participation case study. A further survey of construction personnel was conducted to provide data to inform opinion's generated during the case study.Findings – The results of the research suggest that 4D planning provides the tools for visualising the process implications in creating 3D r...


A predominating concern of the researchers examining India's poor export performance has been with the price related macro economic variables. Even the thrust of India's export promotion policies and programmes has been on enhancing price competiveness and profitability of export operations. Little attention has been paid to developing an understanding of the firms' export attitutdes and their international marketing planning and organisational activities which have been found to be important determinants of firms' export involvement and performance in the empirical studies in other countries. In order to fill this informationa gap, a pilot study of selected manufacturing Indian firms was undertaken. The present paper discusses major findings of the study and lists alongside the implications for export policy formulation, development of corporate plans and future research in this area.


This work provides an overview of the theoretical, as well as the practical, aspects involved in the study and implementation of many-agent simulation models. The model presented here is based on the idea that programs exhibit behaviours entirely described by their internal mechanisms, namely the program instructions. By relating an individual to a program, it is possible to achieve an artificial world inhabited by interacting processes. It is possible, then, to achieve simulation by transposing the population of a real system to this artificial counterpart in which particular hypotheses can be explored by repeating experiments the same way as in a real laboratory, but more easily. Each member of a population is then represented as an agent whose behaviour is programmed with all the required details. Many-agent simulations therefore primarily help to model situations in which individuals have complex and different behaviours, while taking into account both quantitative (numerical parameters) and qualitative (individual behaviours) properties of the system.


The invention discloses a system and a method for searching static data converted from dynamic data, which comprises the following steps: object data is previously stored as an object file; and after an inquiring character string is received, a representing character string corresponding to the inquiring character string is searched in a virtual table, and the object file corresponding to the representing character string is read. The system and the method for searching static data converted from dynamic data can solve the problem that when the data without frequent change in the database is searched, the time for searching the data with frequent change is occupied in the prior art, therefore, the technical effect of reducing database load can be achieved.


sion evolved so that by the time of national elections in 2005, its election preparations "centered on revamping the movement's brand as open, moderate, and democratic" (p. 183). These developments opened the way for the Brotherhood's electoral success following the overthrow of Mubarak. Mellor, in Chapter 10 and the conclusion, examines the difficulties of maintaining the brand while leading the government and facing the opposition that led to its overthrow in 2013. Mellor's study of the evolution of political and religious discourses emphasizes the success of the Brotherhood in integrating Islamic discourse into the public political discourse. In studies of religion and modernity, a tension is usually seen between "secular" modernity and "religion," and in studies of the Brotherhood, the competition is often viewed as being between a "secular" nationalism (like Nasserism) and religious fundamentalists and conservatives. However, Mellor concludes that "none of the regimes that ruled Egypt since the 1952 coup could be characterized as 'secular': each regime selectively drew on the Islamic rhetoric [sic] to garner support for its policies" (p. 213). Similarly, she shows that within the Brotherhood tradition, there were debates about how "politically" active the organization should be. As a result, in Mellor's discourse analysis, one can see that modern Egyptian politics reflected a religionized secularism and a secularly conscious religious discourse that was and is a synthesis of religion and the secular. In an important way, political modernity in Egypt, as shown in Mellor's study, is a "seculigious" modernity and raises questions about whether or not modernity itself is necessarily secular. Mellor provides a useful case study supporting Robert Orsi's broader generalization that "the political and intellectual history of modernity is also always a religious history." Noha Mellor presents significant indepth analyses of the content of Muslim Brotherhood discourses with extensive


Caloplaca monacensis (Leder.) Lettau is reported as a new lichen species for Poland. It is an old species of the Caloplaca cerina group, forgotten for decades and resurrected most recently. This epiphytic species is characteristic for open habitats such as roadside trees. The new records are from northern (Pojezierze Olsztyńskie lakeland) and southern (Carpathians) Poland. Brief taxonomic remarks and data on habitat preferences and the known distribution are provided.


References http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1548/1867.full.html#ref-list-1 This article cites 15 articles Rapid response http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/letters/submit/royptb;365/1548/1867 Respond to this article Subject collections (271 articles) health and disease and epidemiology   (1681 articles) evolution   (1436 articles) ecology   Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections


Field trials with Spathiphyllum wallisii regel were conducted at the experimental farm of Faculty of agriculture, university azad jiroft in 2012 growth seasons. The aim of this work is to study the effect of foliar application with benzyladenine (BA) at 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg. L -1 and gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0, 100 and 200 mg.L -1 on the reducing sugar constituents of Spathiphyllum plants. Results of this study showed that various concentrations of Benzyladenine and Gibberellic Acid have significant differences (P <0.05) on Reducing Sugar of Spathiphyllum wallisii Plant. The highest content of reducing-sugars obtained with application of 100 mg. L -1 with drip method was 88.08% higher compared


Through using the method of literature review,questionnaire and interview,this paper makes analysis on feasibility and importance of introducing gas volleyball teaching in professional course of physical education major in Guangxi Normal University.The result shows that it is necessary and feasible to introduce gas volleyball in professional course of physical education major,and also meet the needs of gas volleyball development in this region.


Objective To explore the relations of treatment period and long-dated effect for primary genital her-pes. Methods Primary genital herpes was treated with combination of transfer factor and acyclovir. The pationts were devided into three groups: long period group treated for three months, middle period group for one months and short period group for seven days. The recurrence of post-treatment was observed after 1 year. Results The long period group had the highest cure rate and effective rate, they were 50.00% and 84.21% respectively, the rates of 22.86% and 54.29% in the middle period group, the rates of 2.94% aad 23.53% in the short period group, there were differences between each group(P < 0.05). Conclusions The long period group of genital herpes had the highest cure rate and effective rate, the next was middle period group, the short period group had the lowest rate.

Key words:
Herpes genitalis;  Acyclovir;  Transfer factor;  Treatment period


Guidelines that define the specialty of school psychology are described. The guidelines have been approved by the International School Psychology Association. The guidelines discuss the academic preparation, professional membership and the nature of their services. They include assessment, intervention, consultation, organizational and program development, supervision and research. Issues important to the efficient and effective delivery of services, public policy and ethics ai e also discussed.


Background: Mandibular distraction is a well-established method of correcting facial asymmetry in hemifacial microsomia. However, asymmetry in lower facial width remains after distraction because of its inability to increase bone thickness. Therefore, the authors used mandibular outer cortex bone grafting to augment the lower face following distraction to restore facial symmetry. Methods: From January of 1997 to December of 2007, 21 patients with hemifacial microsomia underwent unilateral mandibular distraction followed by mandibular augmentation using mandibular outer cortex bone graft harvested from the normal side. Age at surgery ranged from 7 to 27 years. Facial symmetry was evaluated based on medical photography and radiography with a minimum 6-month follow-up. Results: Mandibular height and length were expanded successfully with distraction, resulting in improvements in chin position and oral commissure level. Lower facial width was increased on the affected side and reduced on the normal side after bone grafting. Thus, three-dimensional facial symmetry was significantly improved in all patients. Long-term follow-up showed no evidence of relapse. The majority of the patients were satisfied with the reconstructive outcome. Conclusion: Mandibular augmentation with bone grafts harvested from the contralateral outer cortex effectively addressed the asymmetry in lower facial width that was uncorrected by distraction alone, achieving three-dimensional restoration of facial symmetry in hemifacial microsomia.


The invention discloses a 3D printing device and a method of large metal parts of a water pump, and belongs to the technical field of 3D printing. The 3D printing device comprises a laser system, a powder spreading system, an atmosphere protecting system, a powder recovering system and a computer system, and further comprises a closed forming cavity, wherein the laser system is arranged above the forming cavity, and can provide two laser beams; the powder spreading system is arranged at the bottom of the forming cavity, and comprises two powder spreading roller barrels and two powder feeding cylinders; a driving device is arranged at the lower sides of the forming cavity and the powder feeding cylinders; the atmosphere protecting system is arranged at one side of the forming cavity; a vacuum pump is arranged at one side of the forming cavity; and the computer can be connected with the driving device, the laser system and the powder spreading system through data wires. The 3D printing device and method not only can directly produce the metal parts with various shapes, but also can greatly improve the printing speed and the printing compactness due to the use of two-laser beam printing.


A longitudinal, community-based study of the epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in children <5 years old was carried out in a community of low socioeco nomic level in Ibadan, Nigeria. The annual incidence of ARI ranged from 6.1 to 8.1 epi sodes per child per year. The incidence was highest in the first 2 years oflife and decreased with increasing age. The incidence was higher in boys than in girls. ARI occurred in all seasons ofthe year. The most common symptoms were cough, nasal discharge, and fever, while the most common signs referable to the respiratory tract were abnormal breathing sounds, tachypnea, and chest retraction.