Predictive maintenance (PdM) is indicated state of the machine to perform a schedule of maintenance based on historical data, integrity factors, statistical inference methods, and engineering approaches that are currently often applied to aircraft maintenance. The Predictive maintenance on aircraft to avoid the worse event (failure) and get information about the status of aircraft machines by applied on Machine Learning (ML) to get high accuracy and precision. The research aims to look for the method and technique of ML, which is the best applied on PdM for aircraft in accuracy indicators. The techniques of ML have been divided by classification and regression, which are compared on three ML methods: Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and simple LSTM. The result of the study for classification technique are LSTM 98,7%, SVM 95,6%, and RF 900,3%. On other hand, Regression technique for ML result on MAE and RMSE are LSTM 13,55 and 22,13, SVM 15,77 and 20,51, RF 15,06 and 19,98. Classify technique is better and faster than regression when calculating the PdM on an aircraft engine. The LSTM method of ML is the best applied to it because of the accuracy higher and time process faster than other methods in this study. Finally, the LSTM method is highly recommended while using with classify technique on ML to determine the PdM on an aircraft engine.


A system of kinetic equations of semiconductors is studied. These are Vlasov–Poisson equations with additional nonlinear Boltzmann operators. First H-theorems for these integral operators are given and their null space is determined. Then the existence and uniqueness of smooth solutions is proven. The proof relies on the construction of a sequence of solutions for a suitable linearized system which converges strongly.


In the present contrastive study the authors have attempted to elucidate the interaction between cultural and linguistic symbols, using the ideas developed by the Semiotic school of Moscu-Tartu as a base. The empirical data selected for the project is composed of phraseological and paremiological units with animal elements related to only three representatives of the animal world: the dog, the cat, and the bull. Spanish has been considered as the base language of the research and Polish and Ukrainian, two different branches of the Slavic tongues, as contrast languages. The comparative cross-cultural method has been applied in order to execute the investigation.


This article presents a brief and new solution to the problem known as the "Fermat's Last Theorem". It is achieved without the use of abstract algebra elements or elements from other fields of modern mathematics of the twentieth century. For this reason it can be easily understood by any mathematician or by anyone who knows basic mathematics. The important thing is that the above "theorem" is generalized. Thus, this generalization is essentially a new theorem in the field of number theory.


Purpose: To prepare edible corn starch phosphate under optimized experimental conditions. Methods: Edible corn starch phosphate was prepared via the reaction of starch with active sodium tripolyphosphate. Reaction efficiency and viscosity were used as indices to optimize experimental conditions. Freeze-thaw stability and transparency of starch phosphate and native starch were comparatively studied. Results: Starch phosphate with optimal combined phosphate content (0.39 %) was obtained under optimized conditions: reaction duration, 90 min; temperature, 160 oC; pH, 5.0; and phosphate, 1.5 g. Starch phosphate with optimal viscosity (230 cp) was obtained under different conditions: reaction duration, 120 min; temperature, 140 oC; pH, 6.0; and phosphate, 1.5 g. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in syneresis and paste transparency of starch phosphate and native starch. Conclusion: Edible corn starch phosphate has been successfully prepared under optimized experimental conditions whose freeze-thaw stability and paste transparency has obvious improvement compared with native starch. Keywords: Starch phosphate, Combined phosphate, Sodium tripolyphosphate, Syneresis, Paste efficiency


In this paper, conventional and hedge algebras based fuzzy controllers, respectively denoted by FC and HAFC, are designed to suppress vibrations of a three story building against earthquake. The structural system is simulated against the ground accelerations of the El Centro earthquake in USA on May 18th, 1940; the Northridge earthquake in USA on January 17th, 1994 and the Kobe earthquake in Japan on January 16th, 1995. The control effects of FC and HAFC are compared via the time history of the story displacements of the structure.


Objective:To observe the EEG changes in neonates and infants with TORCH infection so as to explore the situation of virus injury to the central nervous system.Methods:Herpes virus DNA,cytomegalo virus DNA,coxsackie virus RNA were detected by the Fluorogenic Quantitative PCR technology in 41 children with TORCH infection and EEG was done in those patients with positive results.Results:In coxsackie virus group,the abnormality rate of EEG was the lowest,but its the highest in cytomegalo virus group.The EEG abnormality rate in infants with nervous system symptoms was significantly higher than that without nervous system symptoms.Conclusions:No matter whether the patients have nervous system symptoms,virus might have some injuries to the infants nervous system.The EEG abnormality rate was related to the kinds of virus and the symptoms of nervous system.


PubMed is a freely accessible system for searching the biomedical literature, with approximately 2.5 million users worldwide on an average workday. We have recently developed PubMed Labs (www.pubmed.gov/labs), an experimental platform for users to test new features/tools and provide feedback, which enables us to make more informed decisions about potential changes to improve the search quality and overall usability of PubMed. In doing so, we hope to better meet our user needs in an era of information overload. Another novel aspect of PubMed Labs lies in its mobile-first and responsive layout, which offers better support for accessing PubMed on the increasingly popular use of mobile and small-screen devices. Currently, PubMed Labs only includes a core subset of PubMed functionalities, e.g. search, facets. We encourage users to test PubMed Labs and share their experience with us, based on which we expect to continuously improve PubMed Labs with more advanced features and better user experience.


Looking for Jandia holidays? Find great value holidays to Jandia in Fuerteventura. SAVE money and BOOK the latest holiday deals in Jandia. Licensed and bonded Irish travel agent.


This new book is the most authoritative and comprehensive guide to essential, state-of-the-art data. It provides the very latest theoretical and practical data on filtration for gas and liquids. The 2nd edition has been revised and updated to include several new chapters which detail filtration in the mineral industry, high-efficiency air filtration, cartridge filters, and ultrafiltration. The contents include: Gas filtration theory; Liquid-filtration theory; Filter media; Industrial gas filtration; Filtration pretreatment; Filtration in the chemical process industry; Ultrafiltration; Filtration in the mineral industry; Filtration in heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; Cartridge filtration; High-efficiency air filtration; Analytical applications of filtration; and Filter evaluation and testing.


This study identified the educational interests of library personnel and investigated whether level of interest was a valid indicator of program participation. In the fall semester of 1993, Eastern Illinois University's Booth Library surveyed all administrators, faculty, and staff. The objectives of the survey were to identify: (1) indicators of educational interests of library personnel at a medium-sized university; (2) departmental differences in educational interests; and (3) the relationship between employee interest in educational programs and employee participation in programs developed.


The virtues of being maneuverable, efficient, and lifelike have made robotic fish an appealing choice in a wide range of applications. Their agile locomotion can be partially attributed to their bio-inspired propulsion methods. Pectoral fins have in particular become an important form of propulsion for robotic fish, as they play a vital role in achieving agile maneuvering at low swimming speeds. Despite the benefits it offers, pectoral fin-based locomotion presents significant challenges in the control of robotic fish. The range constraint of the fin movement can often inhibit the robot from generating thrust in a direction required for maneuvering. The latter could necessitate the fin moving first in a direction opposite to the desired one (which in turn generates unwanted drag) in order to "back up" and create enough room for accelerating. While seeming natural for fish or humans, such fin maneuvers are difficult to engineer with existing control design methods. To overcome these challenges and achieve quick maneuvering control, in this paper, we propose a dual-loop control approach, composed of a backstepping-based controller in the outer loop and a fin movement-planning algorithm in the inner loop. In particular, for the inner loop, we propose a model-predictive planning scheme based on a randomized sampling algorithm that accommodates the fins' constraints and "intelligently" determines the necessary fins' movements to produce a desired thrust despite the fins' current configuration. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme via comparison with a nonlinear model predictive controller in rapid velocity maneuvering.


To realize societal benefits from mobile broadband deployment, national regulatory agencies (NRAs) seek to influence market conditions and thereby stimulate subscription growth. This study attempts to provide guidance to NRAs by identifying the factors that determine mobile broadband subscription via econometric modeling of a unique sample of 44 national 3G markets during 2001-2008. Mobile broadband subscription is modeled as dependent on the economic arguments of gross domestic product per capita (to proxy personal income), fixed broadband subscription, lagged mobile broadband subscription, mobile network coverage and the mode of spectrum licence assignment. The study finds that per capita income, fixed broadband subscription and lagged mobile broadband subscription enhance subscription. In particular, the positive relationship observed between fixed and mobile broadband subscriptions indicates that goods are complements at this early stage of network evolution. More generally, the results suggest that NRAs may improve welfare by encouraging both fixed and mobile broadband network diffusions.


DOI: 10.21276/sjmcr.2018.6.11.24 Abstract: Tuberculosis is the most common granulomatous lesion in India. Inspite of great advances in chemotherapy and immunology, tuberculosis still continues to be a major public health problem in the entire world, more common in developing counries of Asia. Other factors contributing to higher incidence of tuberculosis are malnutrition, inadequate medical care, poverty, crowding, diabetes and immunocompromised states. Although all organs are affected by Tuberculosis, testis is uncommon site for tuberculosis. Here we report a case of Testicular tuberculosis in a 38 years old male patient without any previous complaints.


Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, U.S. president George W. Bush articulated a new national security strategy based on striking terrorist organizations and the states that harbor them before they could endanger the United States. Though expressed in the language of preemption, the Bush strategy embodied a far more problematic doctrine of preventive warfare. Whereas the grounds for preemption lie in evidence of a credible, imminent threat, the basis for prevention rests on the suspicion of an incipient, contingent threat. We argue that an American national security strategy that embraces preventive war will set an inauspicious precedent, undermining normative restraints on when and how states may use military force.


In western countries, using insects as food and feed is still at a very early stage in comparison to many countries in Global South, where insects are an integral part of people's nutrition. Globally, experts predict a market growth for insect-based products and insects itself as food within the next years, based on higher demand through an increasing world population and the need of alternative protein resources for human nutrition. Nevertheless, insect rearing is new everywhere and the larger scale production systems are mostly found in western countries. This raises the question if insect production can remain sustainable in future, in terms of social acceptability and economic viability as well as resource effectiveness and efficiency. One of the possible approaches to measure the sustainability of value and supply chains holistically, but in a simple manner, is the Sustainability Hot Spot Analysis (SHSA), developed by the Wuppertal Institute (Germany). We applied this approach for the first time on insects for food and feed. We supplemented the existing SHSA method with economic categories, since insect supply chains are hardly researched due to rare practises of insect farming. So far, economic aspects have not been considered in the current literature on SHSA. Beside this, ethical and ethnical aspects need to be taken into account in the social categories. Ethnical aspects contain e.g. justifying the killing of insects in different religions, whereas the ethical aspects refer to welfare issues such as animal husbandry, herd management as well as transport. Our preliminary analysis showed that within the phase of insect rearing, hot spots were identified for energy consumption caused by e.g. fodder production as well as in disease and pest management. In addition, further hot spots were identified in the processing phase also concerning energy consumption due to e.g. grinding, dehydrating, mechanical drying as well as freeze-drying. The next planned step is to put the focus of the SHSA on selected edible insect species, like field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus), bamboo worm (Omphisa fuscidentalis), palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) as well as black soldier fly (for feed) (Hermetia illucens) and conduct additional stakeholder analyses.


The operating frequency and precision of traditional range-gate control circuits designed with discrete components are hard to satisfy the demand of high-repetition-rate measurement.By analyzing the timing sequences of high-repetitionrate range gate,a method based on FPGA is proposed and implemented.This method makes full use of FPGA advantages at calculating,storage and clock managing,200MHz Clock generated by DCM(Digital Clock Manager) results in the circuit with 5ns resolution and transferring range-gate data via EPP(Enhanced Parallel Port) insure operating frequency up to several kilohertz.Using the prototype circuit makes success of the experiment of high-repetition-rate Satellite Laser Ranging in Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,and makes it become one of stations with high repetition rate SLR technology in the world.


Cyril Harris is well known as an internationally recognized authority in the field of architectural acoustics. However, some may not be aware of the fact that Cyril Harris has also been for many years a leading authority in shock and vibration engineering. He became particularly prominent in this area in 1961 with the publication by McGraw‐Hill of the ''Shock and Vibration Handbook,'' which was originally coedited by Cyril Harris and Charles Crede. That Handbook is now in its fifth edition with Harris' name in the title and Allan Piersol as the coeditor. The purpose of this presentation is to summarize the importance of that Handbook to shock and vibration engineering for the past 44 years, as well as the experience of working with Cyril Harris on the preparation of the fifth edition.


The article discusses and provides information from a January 30, 2014 panel discussion called "Journalism After Snowden," which dealt with the reporting of leaked information from former contractor for the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) Edward Snowden, and was hosted by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and publication "Columbia Journalism Review" (CJR). Topics discussed include national security and the press, freedom of the press, and leak investigations


Strict environmental regulation on the amounts of sulfur in fuel can be expected to be the driving force for deeper HDS to desulfurize the more stable sulfur-containing molecules, and developing new type of catalysts possessing high activities is an effective method to eliminate undesirable sulfur. Transition metals nitrides which properties of surface and catalysis activities analogies with noble metals,is an advanced catalytic material. Supported oxide bimetalic catalysts have been obtained through impregnant and step impregnant methods. Using the temperture-programed reaction with mixture gas of N2 and H2 produced supported CoMo nitride catalyst. Hydrodesulfurization activity of removing thiophene on the catalysts had been studied. The results show that the activity of hydrodesulfurization on BⅡ nitride catalysts is the better. With the increasing of temperature and prereduced catalyst, the activity of hydrodesulfurization is progressed. The AⅡ?BⅡ nitride catalysts have the similar activity for hydrodesulfurization with nitrided industry catalyst. Nitride catalysts have considerable potential application because prereduction avoided the sulfuric pollution caused by presulfurization.


Temperature-dependent interaction parameters for excess free energies of mixing of sub-binary systems of Al-Fe-Si ternary liquid alloys were optimised using the experiment data in the frame of Redlich-Kister (R-K) polynomials. These optimised parameters were then used to compute the partial excess free energy of sub-binary and ternary liquid alloys. The surface tension and surface concentration of sub-binary and the ternary liquid alloys were computed using Butler equation. The temperature dependent coefficients of R-K polynomials for excess surface tensions of the sub-binary systems were optimised which were then used to estimate the surface tension of ternary alloy using Chou, Kohler and Toop modelling equations at temperatures 1773, 1873, 1973 and 2073 K. The surface tension of the ternary alloy obtained using aforementioned models were found to be in good agreement from Fe and Al corners but some deviations were observed from Si corner.


The technology of smart contract is a new technology applied in online trading. This technology has the possibility of errors and its arrangement that results in losses to buyers. This study was aimed to examine the legal certainty for the users smart contract in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. The method used was the normative juridical method. The results of the study indicate that the privacy policy on smart contracts in e-commerce transactions based on national and international laws still has a legal vacuum in which the aspect of national law is guided by the ITE Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 and the Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Information Number 20 of 2016 concerning Personal Data Protection in Electronic Systems. Then, in the aspect of international law referring to the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (MLEC), it also establishes the rules for the formation and validity of contracts made electronically and for attribution.


The problem of the real has become an important issue for Continental philosophy over the course of the past decade. It is well known that the famous Speculative Realism conference at Goldsmiths in 2007 already showed major discordance between the positions of the various speakers.1 Nonetheless, the conference succeeded in proposing an attempt to overcome the dead end of "correlationist" philosophy that dominated from Kant through the late twentieth century.2 One can say that this intriguing debate has now attained a certain maturity. It has reached the point where the challenge of reality has provided an incentive even for those who are not direct participants in the various incarnations of philosophical realism and materialism. Within philosophy, there is an even stronger urge for revision of some of the most conventional forms of thinking, a revision carried out under the sign of the real. It is worth noting that although such figures as Heidegger or Husserl could not be treated as antirealists sensu stricto, they dismissed realism as a "pseudo-problem."3 While these two masters set the tone for mainstream Continental attitudes toward realism, there has been a growing counterweight in the form of a realist approach to Deleuze and Guattari.4 Generally speaking, the Continental view of realism has less to do with a "disbelief" in reality than with a mistrust of representationalism. Critical theory, poststructuralism, psychoanalysis, hermeneutics, phenomenology, deconstruction and related currents drew our attention to the possibly normative and fictional character of metaphysically charged systems of representation, laying new emphasis on the inaccessible remnant of the real beyond its formal expressions. Hence, even though Being was constituted by Heidegger as the deep background orienting the call for thinking, in epistemological terms there remained complications pertaining to the inaccessibility of this depth.5 Yet it is not only old-school Continentals who adhere to the sceptical-seeming limitations on the power to build adequate bridges between thought and world. The same is true even of some of the new realist philosophers in this tradition. For every Meillassoux who claims speculative knowledge of the absolute, there is an object-oriented ontologist who insists that speculation only begins when such knowledge is seen to be permanently obstructed.6 Another way of putting it is that some of the new forms of realism and materialism place themselves in explicit opposition to "naïve" realism, if we take naiveté to refer to the


Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) received one set of Solvent Hold Tank (SHT) samples (MCU-16-53-54-55), pulled on 01/25/2016 for analysis. The samples were combined and analyzed for composition. Analysis of the composite sample MCU-16-53-54-55 indicated the Isopar™L, and MaxCalix are at nominal levels. The modifier and TiDG concentrations are 3% and 23 % below their nominal concentrations. This analysis confirms the addition of TiDG, MaxCalix, and modifier to the solvent on November 28, 2015. Based on the current monthly sample, the levels of TiDG, Isopar™L, MaxCalix, and modifier are sufficient for continuing operation but are expected to decrease with time. Periodic characterization and trimming additions to the solvent are recommended. No impurities above the 1000 ppm level were found in this solvent by the Semi-Volatile Organic Analysis (SVOA). No impurities were observed in the Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HNMR). However, the Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) method detected trace levels (a few ppm) of amides (a possible degradation product of TiDG). In addition, up to 21 ± 4 micrograms of mercury per gram of solvent (or 17.5 μg/mL) was detected in this sample. There appears to be a possible correlation between the mercury level and the TiDG concentration in themore » solvent. The current gamma level (9.16 E4 dpm/mL) confirmed that the gamma concentration has returned to previous level where the process operated normally and as expected. The laboratory will continue to monitor the quality of the solvent in particular for any new impurities or degradation of the solvent components.« less


Many researchers point out contributions of the various combinations of the tongue muscles for vowel production. However, internal deformation of the tongue has not been considered because of the difficulty of observation. In this research, we used the finite 金沢工業大学情報フロンティア学部メディア情報学科1):〒921-8501 石川県野々市市扇が丘 7-1 北海道科学大学工学部情報工学科2):〒006-8585 札幌市手稲区前田 7 条 15 丁目 4-1 北海学園大学工学部電子情報工学科3):〒064-0926 札幌市中央区南 26 条西 11 丁目 1) Department of Media Informatics, College of Informatics and Human Communication, Kanazawa Institute of Technology: 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8501, Japan 2) Department of Information and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University of Science: 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo 006-8585, Japan 3) Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkai-Gakuen University: Nishi 11-chome, Minami 26-jo, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 064-0926, Japan 2018 年 6 月 27 日受稿 2019 年 5 月 17 日受理


Computational modeling continues to play an increasingly significant role in the design of more effective vehicle crash safety systems. Researchers now frequently exercise models formulated with sophisticated computer analyses to supplement empirically generated results and conduct extensive what-if exploratory studies for information formerly available solely from costly and time-consuming physical testing. Our research team is developing a modeling and analysis capability that features a scientific visualization toolkit called NYSCEDII CRS visualization module (NCVM). NCVM post-processes conventional crash simulation imagery, enabling modelers to visualize aspects of both the digital model and the sled-test simulation in an immersive visual environment. This paper describes NCVM's design and development in detail and illustrates its application to a series of sled tests conducted with a recent-production child restraint system and dummy occupant.


During heat exchanger design,selection of reducing cone structure on the shell is related to the equipment safety and economy.This article describes the selection of reducing cone.


This work represents one attempt to develop a computer aided diagnosis system for epilepsy lesion detection based on neuroimaging data, in particular T1-weighted and FLAIR MR sequences. Given the complexity of the task and the lack of a representative voxel-level labeled data set, the adopted approach, first introduced in Azami et al., 2016, consists in casting the lesion detection task as a per-voxel outlier detection problem. The system is based on training a one-class SVM model for each voxel in the brain on a set of healthy controls, so as to model the normality of the voxel. The main focus of this work is to design representation learning mechanisms, capturing the most discriminant information from multimodality imaging. Manual features, designed to mimic the characteristics of certain epilepsy lesions, such as focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), on neuroimaging data, are tailored to individual pathologies and cannot discriminate a large range of epilepsy lesions. Such features reflect the known characteristics of lesion appearance; however, they might not be the most optimal ones for the task at hand. Our first contribution consists in proposing various unsupervised neural architectures as potential feature extracting mechanisms and, eventually, introducing a novel configuration of siamese networks, to be plugged into the outlier detection context. The proposed system, evaluated on a set of T1-weighted MRIs of epilepsy patients, showed a promising performance but a room for improvement as well. To this end, we considered extending the CAD system so as to accommodate multimodality data which offers complementary information on the problem at hand. Our second contribution, therefore, consists in proposing strategies to combine representations of different imaging modalities into a single framework for anomaly detection. The extended system showed a significant improvement on the task of epilepsy lesion detection on T1-weighted and FLAIR MR images. Our last contribution focuses on the integration of PET data into the system. Given the small number of available PET images, we make an attempt to synthesize PET data from the corresponding MRI acquisitions. Eventually we show an improved performance of the system when trained on the mixture of synthesized and real images.


Security is the primary concern when sharing the data, whether the simple text files, image file or any textual information. The security concern is increasing day by day as the attacks on the information crucial to individual or the organization is also increasing day by day. The various authentication and password schemes are available for the protection of data, but all have some sort of loopholes. So , in order to further enhance the security level , we proposed the new graphical grid based scheme based on the image segmentation and ASCII value arrangement to form the more secure OTP , having novel characteristics which make it difficult to crack. In order to further raise the secure the generated pattern is again encrypted using HASH algorithm and key to further raise the level of security.


Abstraet: The intent of this critica! assessment was to review key areas of tbe clinical and technical work flow in a critica! care environment as it pertains to the variations that exist between 2 cartridge-based blood gas systerns, namely, the Siemens RAPIDPoint 405 and tbe IL GEM4000. Cartridge-based blood gas systems on tbe surface would seem to completely remove tbe need for maintenance or technical/ clinical intervention; however, careful clinical assessment high1ights a number of areas tbat require consideration. On replacement of cartridges, considerable \'aIi2:IiOnS exist between manufacturers before tbe system is fully opernIi.oozl of quality and reliability of results is manul'i!!:.tu= time 10 eiIher cartridge installation or daily proc:edu::cs. ~ rime bmreen rmnrrIi!durers and time for next analysis vary grearly. V,-obin . ?S5i"SSl!li'ff, areas of work flow tbat require careful consi.dernIion _. Viilhin !he insIi:tution and their effect 011 v;urlr;: fIoir;redmology tu a C2Itrid",oe-besed bIood gas sysz:o


This study aims to share the experiences of two instructors as they implement innovative methods (i.e., blended teaching approach) in teaching control theory in Tsinghua University. Group learning, students' mutual teaching, incentive mechanisms, and online courses are designed to improve the teaching performances. This blended teaching approach has been carried out among graduate students in four semesters. Some data including students' interviews, learning behaviors and study situations have been collected and analyzed to support our study. The practical experiences and findings could be a guide to pedagogical reform of other engineering courses in future.


This article is aimed at exploring the methodology of the legal phenomenon. Particular attention was paid to such aspects as clarifying the main approaches to understanding the methodology and how it relates to the research methodology; study of the scope and structure of the concept of methodology; outlining the main research methods.
The author draws conclusions from the results of the study. First, the methodology for the study of legal phenomena needs to be updated based on a change in the legal paradigm associated with the understanding of law (relation to the state and its functions) and the formation of legal reality at the beginning of the 21st century both at national and international level. the legal aspect. Secondly, the current methodology of legal research continues to be in the co-ordinates of an important dilemma regarding the correlation of "purely" legal research methods and so-called "interdisciplinary" approaches. Third, the methodological tools (specific research methods) of legal science remain inexhaustible in content and, in particular, in the possible combinations of their application to achieve a cognitive result. The extension of their catalog is influenced by the development of jurisprudence and other sciences, their epistemological components, and the processes of globalization and internationalization of legal life.
Concerning the optimal research methodology (as opposed to its methodology), it should be noted that in the course of legal research the algorithm of actions is as follows: 1) selection of the research coordination center; 2) literature review; 3) hypothesis formulation; 4) research design; 5) data collection; 6) data analysis; 7) interpretation of data; report. Of course, it should be borne in mind that law is not in a vacuum, it operates in a complex social context. It reflects and controls attitudes and behaviors. However, as these rules are also temporal and spatial, that is, they change with time and space, it is desirable that law can adapt and be dynamic to cope with change. Important is the social audit of law (law) in order to identify the distance between the legal ideal and social reality, as well as to find out the reasons that led them. After all, legal research is a systematic understanding of law in order to improve it and, given that law operates in society, in the process they influence one another.


The absorbance spectra of edible vegetable oil and waste cooking oil were researched.After pre-treatment of the spectra based on baseline calibration and first-order derivative,the intensity proportion of edible vegetable oil at 885 nm and 897 nm was larger than 1.4,and that of waste cooking oil was smaller than 1.1,which could be used to discriminate the two kinds of oil.Edible vegetable oil had obvious peaks at 2 430-2 445 nm and 2 465-2 485 nm,but waste cooking oil did not have.Experiment results showed that near infrared spectroscopy could be used to distinguish between edible vegetable oil and waste cooking oil.


The object of the study is a control system for changing and maintaining the trajectory of the vehicle. Methods of maintaining a trajectory of the vehicle are the subject of research. Multi-body dynamics (MBD) methods are used to solve this problem. The purpose of the study is development of management model change the trajectory of the vehicle. On the example of a two-axle four-wheel drive truck, a mathematical model of the vehicle includes subsystems-transmission, springing system and steering. The study of the influence of the transmission and suspension to change the trajectory of the car is not considered. The paper deals with the formation of the steering angle control law to maintain a given trajectory. A detailed description of the developed control model and analytical dependencies for setting the parameters of the model. An example of selection of coefficients for its setting is shown, recommendations for other types of calculation modes are offered. In this paper, the calculation of one calculation case corresponding to the rearrangement of the car, followed by a return to the original lane. This example proves the adequacy of the model. The developed mathematical model can be used in the systems of calculation of solid body dynamos in the simulation of driver-driven cars, unmanned vehicles and adaptive driver assistance systems. The vehicle was described as a system of solid bodies connected by hinges and force interactions from the library of typical elements of the software package. According to this description of the system, the software package automatically formed a system of equations of motion and connections. The equations were solved using an implicit numerical method with variable pitch and automatic accuracy control.


Surface properties of semiconductors may be determined by measuring the change in attenuation constant, acoustoelectric voltage, and convolution output of a semiconductor on a lithium niobate acoustic surface wave convolver structure. The change is caused by the application of a dc pulse voltage. Experimental results are presented for both p‐ and n‐type silicon. The method is contactless, sensitive, and requires no sample preparation except polishing of one side. Also it is possible to study the variations of the semiconductor surface states along the direction of propagation of the surface wave by proper modification of this method.


We investigated the effects of the SiO2 surface coating on the optical properties of Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu+ phosphor which is used for a white light source in the blue LED chip. A modified sol-gel method was used for the surface coating of the commercial yellow phosphor with SiO2. The experimental results suggest that the surface coating of phosphors with SiO2 nano-particles leads to an increase in the intensity of the 550 nm peak. It is of interest that this increasing tendency depends on the concentrations of the colloidal solution. Thus, the surface coating of phosphors is a way for improving the luminance of the white LED.


Solvent extraction as a new method was suggested for separation of hydrocortisone and its optical isomer,epi hydrocortisone,instead of traditional crystallization operation.The separating coefficient of hydrocortisone and epi hydrocortisone is 3.6 in butyl acetate/water system at 17℃.The results from cross current extraction and counter current extraction experiments indicated that the hydrocortisone obtained is purer than 98%.


This essay reviews the main sources of public access information on the development of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico; what have been the concepts they have handled and their operational definition; what its characteristics, scope and limitations; what data has been provided in each source; how a certain data source is linked with others and how this makes it possible, within accuracy margins that leave space for speculation, the construction of a statistical model that enables a comprehensive and coherent estimation of the incidents of cases and deaths caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the consequences caused in the health of the population of Mexico by this pandemic. Although with the data directly provided in a database by the health authorities of the country it is possible to know the volume of cases confirmed as positive for SARS-CoV-2 through various methods, this information only accounts for part of the phenomenon and leaves hides the real magnitude of the pandemic. Therefore, the expansion of cases from alternative sources is necessary, as at the time was the results of the sentinel model and more recently the data from the National Survey of Health and Nutrition COVID-19 and the count of excess mortality according to the registration of death certificates carried out by various public institutions in a coordinated manner. These sources allow corroborating that at the close of the first year of the pandemic, just under half of the country's population, 60 million people, had been infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and the volume of deaths added to normal reached almost300 thousand people.


The graphite, which is treated to be potato-shaped, is widely applied in Li-ion batteries as the anodic material. Sequential batch shaping is the main method at present. However, the small height of the shaping cavity of the existing structure leads to the problem of low processing capacity and high cost. In this work, a new structure of the shaping machine was developed with the aim of shaping graphite by large output and costless. The equipment system for graphite rounding in a pilot scale at a treatment amount of 25 kg raw material each run was established. The results showed that the ratio of the diameters of the final product by an undersized percentage corresponding to 10% was 11.15 μm, 50% was 18.94 μm, and 90% was 29.54 μm, and tap density was 0.945 g/cm3, the yield reached 48%, under the optimized conditions of 1833 rpm rotating speed of shaping disk, 2646 rpm rotating speed of classifier, and 40 min shaping period. All the above characteristics of the rounded graphite are in line with the requirements for applying in the anode of Li-ion batteries. In short, the present study aims to provide a new structure of the shaping machine, contributing to the efficient and cost-effective rounding of graphite and revealing the structure of the shaping machine, contributing to promoting the wide improvement of the shaping machine.


. Hafiz studies, rooted in the sacred tradition of memorizing the Qur'an, have persevered throughout the history of the Islamic religion. This comprehensive study takes a deep dive into the implementation of Hafiz education in the Netherlands, shedding light on how it intertwines with the formal education system. It explores the multifaceted landscape of Hafiz education, uncovering both the challenges it faces and the level of success achieved by the students engaged in this spiritual journey. Additionally, this research delves into the historical evolution of the Hafiz institution, tracing its origins and development over time. Utilizing a meticulous approach encompassing document analysis and qualitative interviews, this study underscores the paramount importance of Hafiz studies in nurturing individuals destined for roles in the imamate and various other religious services. Of particular interest is the experience of young children, who may have limited exposure to a diverse range of entertainment and opportunities, making the cultivation of an environment conducive to uninterrupted study a formidable task. The study's overarching conclusion highlights the intricate nature of maintaining an environment where children can fully engage in uninterrupted Hafiz studies. Consequently, it advocates for the establishment of a balanced education system that not only encompasses religious education but also incorporates psychological and social activities. This holistic approach aims to strike a harmonious equilibrium, eliminating the undue pressure that may arise from the concurrent pursuit of formal schooling and religious education. Furthermore, this research offers valuable insights into the number of students who have undergone Hafiz


Two series of 40 temperature and salinity profiles were made in the marginal ice zone of the northeastern Greenland Sea/Fram Strait region. The first series showed much intrusive activity, while the second was dominated by internal wave activity. Displacement dropped spectra showed spectral levels scaled by Desaubies' (1976) analytic representation of the Garrett-Munk (1975) model to be comparable to those from lower latitudes though probably somewhat lower. Temperature dropped spectra showed severe contamination by intrusions. It is concluded that temperature spectra cannot be used to determine internal wave activity of the upper ocean in the marginal ice zone.


The second half of 1997 saw the publication, at last, of textbooks on modern history for the basic school (Modern History. Part I: A Textbook for the Seventh Grade of the Basic School [Novaia istoriia. Chast' I: Uchebnik dlia 7 klassa osnovnoi shkoly], L. N. Zharova, I. A. Mishina, M. V. Ponomarev, V. A. Rogozhkin, A. A. Fedorenko. Moscow: Center for Humanities Education, 1997; and Iu. Dovskaia, A. Ia., Baranov, P. A., Vaniushkina, L. M., Modern History, 1500-1800: A Textbook for the Seventh Grade of General Education Institutions [Novaia istoriia, 1500-1800: Uchebnik dlia 7 klassa obshcheobrazovatel'nykh uchrezhdenii]. Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 1997). Their lack had created a dead-end situation in the seventh and eighth grades. Since they came out in press runs of 50,000, they are not going to make it into all the schools. What is important, however, is that a beginning has been made. Let us hope that these will be followed by reprintings as well as the publication of new books.


In this paper we report on the efforts carried out at the Robotics Laboratory ALTAIR of the University of Verona (Italy) towards the development of a high performance architecture for bilateral, i.e. force reflecting, teleoperation system. This architecture, called Penelope, takes into account the main features of a haptics system: real-time behavior, distributed resources, general purpose structure and safe exchange of data. The emphasis here is on heterogeneous hardware and software within the same structure


Objectives  Sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) modulates the bioavailability of sex steroids at tissue level. Genetic, hormonal and lifestyle‐related factors determine the SHBG levels, and low SHBG levels are a known risk factor for the development of the metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated to what extent different determinants contribute to the variation in SHBG levels in healthy young men.


Each profession entails a risk for a different kind of casual conversation its members must endure. Medical doctors probably endure casual conversations about pains and rashes, second guesses of primary care physicians, and disorganized thoughts about health care reform, prescription drugs, vitamin C, and chelation. Pastors, priests, and rabbis probably endure unbridled enthusiasm for ecumenical dialogue and experience. Lawyers listen to horror stories of divorce and custody battles, disorganized thoughts on tort reform, and, of course, lawyer jokes, most of which are not new, few of which are funny, and none of which are clever. Specialists within each profession suffer with specific conversations. The psychiatrist and the dermatologist risk different conversations, as do the tax lawyer and the criminal defense lawyer. The conversational risks of tax lawyers are fairly predictable. First are those conversations premised on confusing us with accountants, usually beginning with an inquiry as to our annual April 15th-related workload. Second are political conversations, usually about tax rates—especially those on capital gains, corporations, and estates. Some while back, the conversation was likely to begin with the wonders of the so-called flat tax, and no doubt the flat tax proposals will circle back again in our casual conversations. (Recently a medical doctor engaged me on the wonders of the flat tax, and given his conversation ensued during a medical procedure, I found myself more enamored with the proposal than ever before.) Perhaps the most common political tax topic at the moment is the income tax burden borne at the top and the income tax ease enjoyed on the bottom. The third common casual conversation topic for tax lawyers has to do with tax gimmicks and, especially, rumors of tax gimmicks. With this kind of conversation, tax lawyers are fairly skilled in conversational evasiveness, worrying about unintentionally forming an attorney-client relationship. Our fears related to this kind of conversant are not merely avoiding ethical issues or providing undeserved free legal advice but more so avoiding inviting him or her into a professional relationship. Clients interested in the latest tax gimmicks must be avoided, and those willing to chat-up strangers about tax advice are especially to be avoided.


Objective To compare the protective effects of intragastrical single and joint administration of praziquantel, niclosamide and albendazole against mice's infection with Schistosoma japonicum, and the protective effects of praziquantel creams including different dennal penetration enhancers. Methods Four groups for oral ad- ministration: 120mg/kg praziquantel, 80mg/kg pra.ziquantel and 20mg/kg albendazole, 120mg/kg niclosarnide, 80mg/kg niclosamide and 20mg/kg albendazole, an oral control group. Two groups for dennal administration: praz- iquantel cream with azone, that with dimethyl sulfoxide, a dermal control group. All for 12h protective test on mice. Results In comparison with the oral contra1 group, the reduction rates of adult womis of four oral adminis- trational groups were 91 .77%, 93 . 32%, 76. 39% and 49. 69%, respectively. Tin comparison with the dernial control group, that of two dermal administrational groups both were 100%, and that of all groups were unanimous with their antibody positive rates. Conclusion The intragastrical administrational groups showed significant pm- tective effects, and the oral joint administrational groups appeared certain increasing effects. Meanwhile, the der- mal protective test of mice further proved the effect of praziquantel cream true, azone and dimethyl sulfoxide both were veiy effective cutaneous penetration enhancers.


I [1] have shown that are the only square pseudo-Lucas numbers in the set of pseudo-Lucas numbers defined by 1 In this paper, it is shown that none of the pseudo-Lucas numbers are of the form 2S 2, where S is an integer.


This paper presents 3-DOF precision positioning stage which is driven by four piezoelectric actuators. This system has compact size and high stiffness. This system can also provide large workspace and high accuracy. The moving body has the stroke 140um in Z-direction and 2mrad in two angle motion directions. The positioning resolution is 2nm in Z-direction and 30nrad in two angle motion directions.


The phenomena of saltatory movements of intracellular particles (including organelles) in living cells have been repeatedly reported. The main feature of this kind of movement is the intermittency: the particle moves suddenly within a short duration of time and then


Neuroimaging studies show that the brain articulatory motor system is activated during speech perception. These results, however, cannot determine whether the motor system is engaged in motor simulation (e.g., lip movement) or in non-motor computations. To gauge the causal role of the articulatory motor system, here we examine the effect of mechanical stimulation. Participants heard speech tokens, ambiguous with respect to voicing—either labial (ba/pa) or coronal (da/ta)—while lightly biting on either the lips or tongue. Compared to incongruent stimulation (e.g., lips, with da/ta), congruent stimulation (e.g., tongue, with da/ta) shifted the voicing percepts, and improved discrimination sensitivity (d'). These results demonstrate that adults engage the articulatory motor system in speech perception even when it is irrelevant to response. The convergence with transcranial magnetic stimulation experiments suggests that speech perception engages articulatory action. These conclusions illuminate the links between embodiment and cognition.


Adaptive bitrate selection adjusts the quality of HTTP streaming video to a changing context. A number of different schemes have been proposed that use buffer state in the selection of the appropriate video rate. However, models describing the relationship between video quality levels and buffer occupancy are mostly based on heuristics, which often results in unstable and/or suboptimal quality. In this paper, we present a QoE-aware video rate evolution model based on buffer state changes. The scheme is evaluated within a real world Internet environment, where it is shown to improve the stability of the video rate. Up to 27% gain in average video rate can be achieved compared to the baseline ABR. The average throughput utilisation at a steady-state reaches 100% in some of the investigated scenarios.


Both analysis and optimization of parameters of microwave-assisted foam mat drying (MAFM), viz. microwave power, pulp load, drying time, and pulp thickness, for the dehydration process of blackcurrant pulp were performed in a household microwave oven. During MAFM drying, microwave power, pulp load, and drying time have positive effects on both vitamin C and anthocyanin content of blackcurrant pulp up to a certain level then a negative trend is observed. The increase of microwave power and decrease of pulp load accelerate the dehydration of blackcurrant pulp. The pulp thickness has a significant positive effect on both vitamin C and anthocyanin content of blackcurrant pulp. The optimum parameters valid for MAFM drying of blackcurrant pulp are as follows: microwave power of 560 W, pulp load of 65 g, drying time of 8 min, and pulp thickness of 4.46 mm. MAFM drying is a potential method for dehydrating blackcurrant pulp.


The paper introduces the equipment selection,matching and fully mechanized caving technology for light-duty fully mechanized caving face,which achieves comparably good economic results.


AN INTRADIVERTICULAR PALLIA (IDP) can make biliary cannulation difficult during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). ERCP in patients with IDP requires specialized techniques by an experienced endoscopist. We describe a new technique with a novel clip-band traction device called the SureClip traction band (Micro-Tech Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China) that can change the anatomical position of IDP to facilitate biliary cannulation. An 85-year-old woman underwent ERCP to remove common bile duct (CBD) stones. Due to IDP, the papillary orifice could not be visualized on duodenoscopy (Figs 1a,2a). First, the mucosa on the anal side of the papilla was pulled with biopsy forceps so that the papilla was exposed to determine where to place the clip-band traction device. Next, the clip-band traction device was attached to the inferior lip of the diverticulum (Figs 1b,2b). Second, the other end of the elastic ring was hooked onto the SureClip and clipped to the duodenum wall with traction in the 8 o'clock direction (Figs 1c,2b). By grasping the remaining ring, we confirmed that a second traction in the 4 o'clock direction would expose the papilla. Third, the middle elastic ring was hooked onto the second SureClip


In this paper we analyse the role of education on the dynamics of wage structure in Italy. Using SHIW data over the period 1993-2004, we derive two main results in a quintile regression framework. First, returns to education decline over time almost uniformly across the wage distribution. Second, using a quintile decomposition method à la Machado-Mata we point out that the composition effect associated with the increased share of educated workers is positive, while the price effect of education is negative in the whole wage distribution. Assuming a standard demand and supply paradigm, this leads us to the conclusion that a sort of "unskilled" bias technological change could have been prevailing in the Italian labour market during last decade. JEL codes: J24, J31,


Objective To investigate the clinical evaluation of ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)examination on diagnosis of ciliary body detachment.Methods Totally 31 cases(31 eyes)of ciliary body detachment were analysized.Results All of the 31 cases manifested ciliary detachment image in UBM examination.The images were slit shape in 6 eyes,strip shape in 16 eyes and wedge shape in 19 eyes.Ciliary body was broken in 18 eyes,and simple ciliary body detachment in 13 eyes.The hight of detachment was averagely 0.07-1.15 mm.Conclusion The UBM examination can provide accurate morphologic,localization and range data for the anterior segment of eyeball.


This paper deals with grid impedance identification by current harmonics signal injection. The current signal is generated by the single phase H-bridge converter. The single phase H-bridge converter is connected in parallel to auxiliary winding of the Petersen coil. The voltage responses of converter for specific current harmonics are used for grid resonant frequency identification. This information is used as feedback for proper tuning of Petersen coil. Meanwhile the two harmonics current generation method is well known, this paper presents the twelve harmonics method. This solution provides more accurate resonant frequency estimation.


This invention relates to composite lubricating grease, which comprises: calcium sulfonate with a base number of 250-320 mgKOH/g 30-60 wt. %, calcium borate 0.8-5.1 wt. %, C12-C24 fatty acid calcium soap 1.0-6.8 wt. %, and lubricating base oil. The composite lubricating grease has such advantages as low cost, good synthetical properties, high dropping point, high colloid stability and good water proof property.


Superquadrics represent various types of primitive shapes in a single equation with several parameters. Superquadric parameters of an object is estimated from 3D point cloud. However, the task of superquadric parameter estimation is computationally expensive and it is unacceptable for robot applications. Therefore, the concept of our research is to predict superquadric parameters directly from an image. We apply regression Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that predicts parameters from images to superquadric parameter estimation. Moreover, we use not only depth but also RGB image to predict superquadric parameters for improve the accuracy of prediction. Experiments show that proposed CNN with the input of RGB-D image predicts more accurate parameters than baseline methods.


From the perspective of fiscal history,China experienced a transition from constructive finance to public finance in the last sixty years.During the period of constructive finance(1949-1984),Chen Yun made great contribution to restrain the government's investment thirsty,accomplish fiscal balance and improve the relationship between accumulation and consumption.Chen Yun's thoughts and practice still have great significance today.


During the last years, a new field has attracted the interest of robotic researchers. Minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopy, have grown as a very suitable domain for robotic systems. In this field, one of the easiest application for robotics is the movement of the endoscopic camera. That kind of robots [7][6] aims to move the camera from outside the patient's abdomen to get the image the surgeon needs from the patient's inside. This function has been traditionally performed by a human assistant, following the surgeon orders, for the latter to use his two hands for manipulation tasks. Since these procedures can last up to two (or even more) hours, the camera image can suffer a significant loss of stability, what can be prevented by the use of a robot arm [1]. Besides, it provides accurate movements to locate the optic within the abdominal cavity, and handles the endoscope with a steady hand during the surgical operation. A secondary use of these systems, and of many other Computer-Integrated Surgery (CIS) applications, is to extend the robot capabilities to the telesurgery paradigm. In general, robotized instruments can help us to achieve telesurgery, allowing an expert surgeon in a remote place (remote surgeon) to take part in the operation with some kind of telepresence devices. In this sense, Green [4] developed a different concept in order to explore the possibility of a telesurgery scheme, suitable not only for minimally invasive surgery but also for open surgery. This telesurgery concept was later enhanced and taken to a commercial stage by Intuitive Surgical's Da Vinci system [5]. Remote control of such inspection systems are, however, especially useful for collaboration between specialist surgeons, for telementoring and for teleproctoring. Some of the problems for the diffusion of these tools are the need of operating room adaptation for placing the robot, the need of training the medical staff for managing the mentioned tools, their high cost and, in many cases, the complexity they add to the difficult task of surgical intervention. This work presents a robotic system to assist in laparoscopic surgery moving the camera both locally (by the use of verbal commands) and remotely (which implies working with communication delays). It is a very simple system, what provides a low cost and easy management. Some of the main characteristics of the system are its hardware and software modularity (for a configuration adapted to the application) and its wireless operation, what allows it to be moved manually and at any time, as well as to operate in practically any standard operating room, since it does not have to be plugged in the power supply network. The system also includes wireless voice/data communication media.


The complex of low-power IC design is the key to successful design.Based on the design of the unit,by changing the driving force,βvalues and parameters such as transistor width can be reduced power consumption and size.This article main research will be in the logical diagram and the domain design stage based on the storehouse unit low power loss design,in the article will show IC in detail by the actual example the power loss optimization design method.


Nailfold capillaroscopy is a technique for imaging the capillary bed in the finger nailfold, which is used in the diagnosis of scleroderma. Knowledge of the capillary oxygenation profile would be advantageous in disease evaluation due to the suspected involvement of hypoxia in causing fibrosis. A hyperspectral nailfold capillaroscopy system with narrowband illumination provided by a supercontinuum laser and acousto-optic tuneable filter was created to enable spectral analysis of the nailfold. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) data from 500-595 nm was analysed to extract image quality metrics, which suggested HSI oximetry holds promise for understanding how rheumatic diseases affect oxygenation of the nailfold.


This socialization basically aims to provide information and knowledge to the community, especially teenagers in an effort to face the development of a free era. The implementation of the work program is divided into two, namely conducting socialization about the impact of drug abuse in legal aspects and competitions regarding the inculcation of Pancasila values. Also make pamphlets about the impact of drug abuse. By making pamphlets about the impact of drug abuse given to the community to be read repeatedly. This socialization is expected to be useful for preventing drug abuse itself, as well as improving the quality of human resources.


During construction, pavement projects often suffer from a lack of progress certainty, which leads to cost and time overruns. The pavement construction progress should be monitored in a timely and accurate manner to provide prompt feedback and ensure project success. However, current pavement construction progress monitoring practices (e.g., data collection, processing and analysis) are manual, time-consuming, tedious, inconsistent, subjective and error-prone. The previous research study was limited to only incremental road construction progress measurement. This preliminary study proposes a novel sensor-based method to identify pavement layer changes during construction using a time series algorithm for the approach development of automated as-built measurement of road construction. In this study, data were collected from generating various road construction scenarios in a controlled environment by simulating layer changes using a ground vehicle equipped with a laser ToF (time-of-flight) distance-ranging sensor. Subsequently, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) was utilized on collected data for feature detection as 'layer up', 'layer down' and 'layer not changed' to classify road layer change. The experimental result demonstrates 84.91% as a promising overall average accuracy of road layer change classification on the control environment data, confirming the potential implementation suitability to detect pavement layers in real pavement construction projects. However, low-performance measures (low precision, recall and F1 score) of layer up and layer down suggest further improvement to enhance the robustness of the proposed model. This method can be extended to automate pavement construction progress monitoring by validating the proposed approach in a real case.


Problem, research strategy, and findings: A growing number of small to mid-sized cities are implementing initiatives to promote energy conservation, efficiency, and renewable energy use in their communities. We need to better understand how these cities have approached this issue and the processes by which they adopt clean energy initiatives. We surveyed representatives of small to mid-sized cities to identify the types of clean energy initiatives they have adopted, the processes by which they were developed, and the obstacles encountered along the way. We also conducted 10 in-depth interviews with representatives of targeted high- and low-adopter cities. While many of the cities are aggressively pursuing clean energy opportunities in their municipal operations, far fewer are taking action to promote clean energy community wide. The high-adopter cities that have developed community-wide clean energy initiatives often did so using a variety of community engagement and stakeholder outreach methods. Takeaway for practice: Local officials who wish to promote clean energy use should start with energy efficiency and renewable energy investments for municipal facilities. Subsequent community-wide clean energy programs should focus initially on incentives for local residents and businesses, and should be framed in a way that emphasizes both environmental and nonenvironmental benefits. These initiatives should be developed through collaborative planning strategies, which can help educate residents about the benefits of clean energy initiatives, create dialogue with stakeholders who would be affected by these new initiatives, and introduce valuable outside expertise to the planning process.


Background Improvement in Patient Global Assessment (PtGA) is reported to have a large influence on remission by the Boolean definition in the new remission standards proposed by ACR/EULAR in 2011. Objectives To examine the effect of the PtGA improvement after 6 months of treatment on the remission rate thereafter in patients receiving Tocilizumab(TCZ). Methods The subjects were 113 patients from among 129 rheumatoid arthritis patients in the Tsurumai Biologics Communication Registry for whom follow-up for 24 months after TCZ administration was available, excluding 16 patients who discontinued administration within 6 months due to adverse events or other reasons. The 113 subjects were stratified into three groups based on the change in PtGA from baseline after 6 months of TCZ administration: the 50%≤ group consisting of 36 subjects who showed improvement of 50% or more, the 50%> group consisting of 54 subjects who showed improvement of less than 50%, and the deterioration group consisting of 21 subjects who showed deterioration or no change. Continuation rate and efficacy were examined after 12 and 24 months of TCZ treatment. DAS28-ESR <2.6 (DAS remission) and Boolean definition ALL ≤1 (Boolean remission) were taken as remission. Subjects who discontinued TCZ treatment were considered non-remission using non-responder imputation. Results The baseline characteristics of the 113 subjects were 56.9±12.8 years of age (mean ± sd), disease duration of 125.0±105.0 months, percent previous use of biologics of 65.5%, pre-treatment PtGA of 5.5±2.4 cm and pre-treatment DAS28-ESR of 5.7±1.3. There was a significant difference between the three groups in disease duration (94.6 months in the 50%≤ group, 147.9 months in the 50%> group, 118.8 months in the deterioration group, p=0.013). In the 50%≤ group, the continuation rate was 83.3% after 12 months and 77.8% after 24 months, DAS remission rate was 50.0% after 12 months and 52.8% after 24 months, and Boolean remission rate was 27.8% after 12 months and 22.2% after 24 months. In the 50%> group, the continuation rate was 90.7% after 12 months and 79.6% after 24 months, DAS remission rate was 38.9% after 12 months and 27.8% after 24 months, and Boolean remission rate was seen in 5.6% after 12 months and 7.4% after 24 months. In the deterioration group, the continuation rate was 78.2% after 12 months and 65.2% after 24 months, DAS remission rate was 17.4% after 12 months and 14.5% after 24 months, and Boolean remission rate was 0% after both 12 and 24 months. A significant difference was observed between the three groups in DAS remission and Boolean remission after 12 and 24 months (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions Within 6 months of TCZ treatment, the remission rate was high in subjects that showed PtGA improvement of 50% or more, and remission-oriented treatment was given, while in subjects who showed PtGA improvement of less than 50%, the high continuation rate suggested that treatment was continued with low disease activity as the goal of treatment. If PtGA is unchanged or deteriorated within 6 months, other treatment strategies, including surgical therapy, should probably be considered. Disclosure of Interest N. Asai: None Declared, T. Kobayakawa: None Declared, K. Saito: None Declared, T. Shioura: None Declared, Y. Yabe: None Declared, T. Kojima Speakers Bureau: from Brisrol- Myers Scuibb, Eisai Co. Ltd, Abbot Japan Co. Ltd, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation and Chugai Phamaceutical Co. Ltd., A. Kaneko Speakers Bureau: from Eisai Co. Ltd, Abbot Japan Co. Ltd, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation and Chugai Phamaceutical Co. Ltd., N. Ishiguro Speakers Bureau: from Brisrol-Myers Scuibb, Eisai Co. Ltd, Abbot Japan Co. Ltd, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation and Chugai Phamaceutical Co. Ltd.


Satellite‐based post‐tornado assessments have been widely used for the detection of tornado tracks, which heavily relies on the identification of vegetation changes through observations at visible and near‐infrared channels. During the deadly 10–11 December 2021 tornado outbreak, a series of violent tornadoes first touched down over northeastern Arkansas, an area dominated by cropland with rare vegetation coverage in winter. Through the examination of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer multi‐spectral observations, this study reveals significant scars on shortwave infrared channels over this region, but none are captured by visible and near‐infrared channels. The dominant soil type is aquert (one of vertisols), whose high clay content well preserves the severe changes in soil structure during the tornado passage, when the topmost soil layer was removed and underlying soil with higher moisture content was exposed to the air. This study suggests a quick post‐tornado assessment method over less vegetated area by using shortwave infrared channels.


The Object-Oriented Device Driver Model (OODDM) is a new way of integrating a computer's software with its hardware. The OODDM brings the benefits of OO technology to device and I/O support. The OODDM provides new levels of hardware innovation, dynamic device and resource configuration, support for multiple host OSs, interface flexibility and extensibility, driver reuse, and ease of development for the Independent Hardware Vendor (IHV). Using object technology and collections of C++ classes called frameworks, the OODDM provides you with powerful and flexible input/output (I/O) services. Using the OODDM, you can build on Taligent designs to produce efficient, reliable, and portable I/O software quickly. This paper highlights the fundamental features and concepts of the OODDM, and provides a look at an initial implementation.


The relatively recent advent of computer-based technologies such as information on the web and CD-ROM storage mediums have opened up a new arena for the presentation of educational materials in the sciences. While the possibilities for what can be presented are almost endless, the reality generally has been less successful. In Essential Psychopharmacology, the author has made a commendable effort at presenting materials from his fine textbook of the same name in a stimulating, graphic-intensive fashion.


Diphenyltellurium(IV) derivatives of the types Ph2Te{ACO}2 (1), Ph4Te2 0 {AC0}2 (2) and PhöTe.^C^ACO^ (3) (ACO = nitrosocarbamylcyanmethanide _ 0 NC(CN)C(0 )NH2) have been prepared. The IR spectroscopic data reveal that the ambidentate ligands are coordinated to the tellurium(IV) atom in a monodentate manner via the nitroso oxygen atom. The crystal and molecular structure of 3 has been determined from X-ray diffraction data (triclinic, space group Pi with a = 12.382(2), 6=13.100(2), c = 14.944(3) Ä, a = 87.74( 1), ß = 85.04(2), 7 = 66.29( 1)°, V = 2211.0 A , Z = 2, R = 0.040). The structure is made up of unsymmetric molecules, in which the tellurium atoms are linked by oxo bridges to form chains Te-O-Te-O-Te (d(Te-O) ca. 1.94-2.09 A). The T e-0 (nitroso group) bond lengths are in the range 2.33 2.36 A.


The article presents the results of research of subjectiveness development"s features among senior schoolchildren. The author carries out a comparative analysis of influence of subjectiveness" different structures on psychical condition of children and their emotional attitude to life events and notions.


The novel chalcone derivatives have widespread applications in material science and medicinal industries. The density functional theory (DFT) is used to optimized the molecular structure of the three chalcone derivatives (M-I, II, III). The observed discrepancies between the theoretical and experimental (X-ray data) results attributed to different environments of the molecules, the experimental values are of the molecule in solid state there by subjected to the intermolecular forces, like non-bonded hydrogen bond interactions, where as isolated state in gas phase for theoretical studies. The lattice energy of all the molecules have been calculated using PIXELC module in Coulomb –London –Pauli (CLP) package and is partitioned into corresponding coulombic, polarization, dispersion and repulsion contributions. Lattice energy data confirm and strengthen the finding of the X-ray results that the weak but significant intermolecular interactions like C-H…O, Π- Π and C-H… Π plays an important role in the stabiliz...


Large quadrupole splittings (Q.S.) are observed in Co doped specimen, compared with other transition metal doped specimens while isomer shifts (I.S.) do not show large value. Since Q.S. is associated with the electric field gradient at nucleus of iron atom; we calculate the potential at nucleus site, assuming the interaction between LA-phonon-conduction electron. Through the calculations, it is found that electric field gradient increase with the number of phonons attached to a conduction electron (=). Accordingly large Q.S. for Co doped specimen are considered to be due to large  in comparison with those for other transition metal doped specimen.


Attendees had the opportunity to learn about ICDD, acqu information for submitting proposals to the ICDD Grants-i Aid program, and get hands on experience with the curr Release 2002 PDF2 and the new PDF4 Powder Diffrac Files. The ICDD instructors were Tom Blanton and Migu Delgado. An evening poster session provided the occasion for eryone to meet in a relaxed atmosphere and have the op tunity to make new friends and meet old acquaintances Brazilian barbeque on the final evening was the perfect e ing to an outstanding conference.


This paper describes a training program aimed at preparing 14 MSW students to teach AIDS prevention to adolescents at risk of HIV infection (i.e., increase knowledge, alter attitudes and teach risk-reduction behaviors). The majority of the students perceived this training not only as helpful in preparing them for the task at hand, but also in improving their overall social work skills and their chances to get a social work job in the future. In this paper, we also discuss problems related to AIDS prevention that arose during the training, such as rape and risk-reduction precautions and whether or not AIDS counselors should recommend taking the AIDS test.


Since the detailed account by Loesch 1 in 1875 attracted attention to the possible relationship of amoebae to dysentery, a vast amount of work has been done on the subject of intestinal protozoa in man. It is apparent from the clinical literature, that due to the wide variation in the picture presented by these protozoal infections many cases have gone unrecognized, being treated symptomatically. Probable reasons for the existing circumstance in this regard are first, that pathology teaches us to expect the extensive necrosis of the intestinal submucosa characteristic of the classical or acute tropical case, whereas, the clinician more frequently encounters the chronic type of infection, and limited to sigmoidoscopic examination sees an ulcerative condition rather uncertainly described as "amoebic colitis," "idiopathic ulcerative colitis," etc.; and second, that the exact nature of the injurious substances that may be produced by protozoa are little understood because of the difficulty encountered in attempting to grow these organisms in laboratory mediums. Consequently, the problem confronting the protozoologist is not unlike that encountered in attempting to explain the etiologic differences between the "common cold" and influenza, and coexisting factors are to be considered. Hypotheses have been advanced attempting to explain the peculiar toxemia and pathology of amoebiasis, but no report has been found concerning the bacterial flora common to the intestinal tract in these cases. It is with this phase of the matter that the following studies deal.


A diet containing 28 g chocolate per kg body weight together with skimmed milk powder was given each 24 hours to 14 men and 15 women aged 19-21 years. After five days on the diet the fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride values were compared with values obtained before the diet commenced. Similar comparisons were made for the cholesterol and triglyceride levels on the skin of the face. Changes were found in the cholesterol and triglycerides in both the serum and skin surface lipid in association with the diet. The sex of the consumer also influenced the nature of the change.


Objective:To discuss the effect of radiofrequency catheter alation(RFCA) through slow pathway on atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia(AVNRT).Methods:23 Patients confirmed as AVNRT by electrophysiologic study performed selective RFCA through slow pathway.The curative effect,recurrence rate and complications were observed.Results:In all 23 patients,there was chattering in atrium stimulation during electrophysiologic study.The duration of A_2H_2 lasted over 50ms.The selective RFCA operation through slow pathway was successful.There was 2 cases recurrence,none atrioventricular block.Conclusion:The selective RFCA through slow pathway for AVNRT is safe,reliable and feasible.


The effect of increased anthropogenic nitrogen (N) input was studied by increasing the ambient throughfall from 11 kg N ha−1 yr−1 to approximately 51 kg ha−1 yr−1 in a 0.52 ha mature coniferous forested catchment as part of the European NITREX experiment. In an adjacent catchment, ambient N input to the forest soil was excluded by means of a roof beneath the canopy. Treatment started in 1991. Tree growth increased with elevated N input. Estimated gross N accumulation in tree biomass was 1.6 and 3.0 times the N input in the N addition and control plot, respectively. Increased N concentrations were observed in litter, older needles (1994), previous year needles (1995), and current year needles (1997), whereas the P and Mg concentrations of older needles decreased. Changes in the ratio N concentration in older needles relative to current year needles indicated a change in the nutrient status of the trees.


Air distribution in large spaces has both good and bad news. The good news is that because the spaces are so large, air distribution is spread out over a large area. Localized problems are therefore unlikely. THe bad news is that because the spaces are large, diffusers cannot be located everywhere


Neurological complications like cerebellitis, disseminated encephalomyelitis, myelitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been mostly reported as isolated complications of chickenpox predominantly in paediatric population. Immunocompromised individuals are more likely to have extended period of severe cutaneous lesions and visceral dissemination of varicella zoster virus leading to involvement of lungs, liver and central nervous system. There are no reports of extensive multiaxial central as well as peripheral nervous systems involvement after chicken pox particularly in immunocompetent adults. Pathogenesis of these neurological complications is not established. Direct infections of the nervous system by the virus as well as autoimmune response to preceding infection are the implicated mechanisms of these complications. The management of neurological manifestations is a m b i g u o u s . T h e p r e s e n t p a t i e n t , a n immunocompetent adult female developed complications related to involvement of multiple sites of neuraxis following chickenpox infection.


The activities of iron and cobalt in face-centred cubic iron-cobalt alloys have been determined using a Knudsen Cell and double-focussing mass spectrometer. Difficulties due to changes in the absolute sensitivity of the mass spectrometer were overcome by making measurements of the ratio of the intensities I(56Fe+)/I(59Co+) using an analysis developed by Belton and Fruehan. Activities at 1 500 K approximately obey Raoult's law and are in excellent agreement with previous work.


In order to extend the applicability of a voltage/frequency (V/f) controlled induction motor drive system, the problem of reducing to zero the steady-state speed error caused by load changes without using a rotor speed sensor is treated. The theoretical basis for this is given, and a scheme for constituting the control system is presented. The frequency of the stator voltage is controlled so as to compensate for the error, and this strategy is called the frequency compensation control (FCC). Transforming an induction motor into the corresponding idealized induction motor (IIM), which is defined as a motor having no stator resistance and leakage inductances, plays an essential role in realizing the FCC. The V/f control can exhibit excellent abilities when and only when it is applied to IIM, and is of the open-loop type in terms of the rotor speed. A well-known distinctive feature of Vf control, that it can generate a relatively large torque in the low-speed range to some extent, can be made use of with the maximum of ability. The proposed drive system is applicable to a part of the area in which the usual vector control equipped with a speed sensor has been utilized until now. In addition, as it has a detecting function for electromagnetic torque, torque monitoring is feasible.<<ETX>>


Purpose: High blood pressure (BP) is a well-known risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), but a single BP measurement may provide limited information about AF risk in older adults. We evaluated w...


Objective To investigate the major public health problems in Puyuan community,decide the target of intervening group,and provide the basic data for evaluating the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.Methods Sociological and epidemiological surveys were taken to conduct an analysis on the routine monitoring data of chronic diseases,humane circumstance and health service policy.Results The top three diseases causing death in the community were tumors,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and respiratory diseases.Conclusion The support environment for health promotion,and three-level network management of chronic diseases were formed.Chronic disease control had been paid more attentions from the local government.The works of professional training for medical staffs at the basic level and health education for residents should be enhanced from now on.


With technology becoming more advanced and readily available in the classroom, an increasing number of teachers across the nation are seeking to flip their classrooms. That is, a flipped classroom moves lectures outside of the classroom via online videos, allowing more class time for student activities and projects. To be successful in a flipped classroom, students will need to be able to learn through instructional videos, to take notes while watching the videos, and to think aloud when working on problems with classmates. Thus, this curriculum was created as an attempt to provide teachers structured lessons to teach deaf and hard-of-hearing students how to take notes, to watch instructional videos, and to think aloud. Those three learning tools prepare students in hope to enhance their student achievement in a flipped classroom. With this curriculum, students learn three popular note-taking strategies and utilize them in taking notes while watching instructional videos. After the implementation, the data, collected through assessments, teacher observations, and students' artifacts, showed that the students were able to take notes while watching instructional videos successfully. However, due to time constraints, they only learned one of the three note-taking strategies, and did not learn how to think aloud. Hence, the evaluation of this curriculum resulted in having three out of the four curriculum goals partially met. With more time allowed and more data collected, it was plausible that this curriculum as a whole would be effective.


This work investigates the problem of privacy-preserving mining of association rules. Specifically, a fake transaction randomization method is presented to protect the privacy of data. This method ensures the privacy of data by mixing real transactions with fake transactions. An algorithm for reconstructing frequent itemsets from the mixture of both fake transactions and real transactions is then proposed. The proposed algorithm can use any off-the-shelf tool to mine frequent itemsets without rewriting their codes, making this algorithm quite easy to implement. The performance of this algorithm is validated against several real datasets. Similar to earlier approaches, this algorithm does not always reconstruct a set of frequent itemsets that is anti-monotonic. This work uses this property to further improve the quality of the mining results.


This article mainly describes the common troubles of the air compressor in the operation and the maintenance remedies so as to decrease the trouble and increase the system efficiency.


This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-NC2 NC_Loblolly Plantation. Site Description - The North Carolina Loblolly Pine site is located in a pine plantation amongst the mixed forests of the North Carolina lower coastal plain. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries the region was logged extensively. After a series of clearcuts, the land was transformed for agricultural practices. In 1967 and 1969, 4000 ha was sold to the Weyerhauser company for agriculture, preservation, and commercial logging of loblolly pines in a series of plantations. The fifth rotation stand surrounding the tower was established in 1992. The only significant natural disturbances during the measurement period was a severe drought that spanned the entire duration of the 2007 growing season. Consequently, the 2007 total amount of precipitation was 486 mm below the 30-year norm. In the same year, the plantation was thinned and fertilized. The stand was thinned in Oct 2009. The eastern half of the site was fertilized in January 2011, and the entire site was fertilized in October 2012.


Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features,treatment and prognosis in patients with metastatic ovarian carcinoma.Methods Out of 672 female patients treated,33 patients had gastric cancer metastatic ovarian clinical and pathological data were retrospectively analyzed from Jan.2003-Jan.2010 with.Results The average age of 33 patients onset was 43.2 years and the rate of gastric cancer with ovarian metastatic was 4.9%.The results showed that gastric cancer with ovarian metastatic was related with age,sersol invasion,depth of invasion,pathological type,differentiation grade,lymph node metastasis and clinical staging.Multivariate analysis showed that the degree of differentiation of gastric cancer with ovarian metastasis,depth of invasion,lymph of metastasis.Combined with chemotherapy and surgical treatment,the patients' one and two year survival rate was higher than that in non-chemotherapy patients(P0.05).Conclusion Ovarian metastases cancer is in younger age,preoperative misdiagnosis rate is higher and poor prognosis.An early diagnosis and surgery is hopefully to improve the survival.


Visual Abstract Abstract In similar states, neural circuits produce similar outputs across individuals despite substantial interindividual variability in neuronal ionic conductances and synapses. Circuit states are largely shaped by neuromodulators that tune ionic conductances. It is therefore possible that, in addition to producing flexible circuit output, neuromodulators also contribute to output similarity despite varying ion channel expression. We studied whether neuromodulation at saturating concentrations can increase the output similarity of a single identified neuron across individual animals. Using the lateral pyloric (LP) neuron of the crab stomatogastric ganglion, we compared the variability of f–I (frequency–current) curves and rebound properties in the presence of neuropeptides. The two neuropeptides we used converge to activate the same target current, which increases neuronal excitability. Output variability was lower in the presence of the neuropeptides, regardless of whether the neuropeptides significantly changed the mean of the corresponding parameter or not. However, the addition of the second neuropeptide did not add further to the reduction of variability. With a family of computational LP-like models, we explored how increased excitability and target variability contribute to output similarity and found two mechanisms: saturation of the responses and a differential increase in baseline activity. Saturation alone can reduce the interindividual variability only if the population shares a similar ceiling for the responses. In contrast, the reduction of variability due to the increase in baseline activity is independent of ceiling effects.


Marie Lefevre is from France.She has lived in Beijing for two years. Her only regular contact with Chinese,aside from her colleagues,is with her ayi(maid),who cleans her home twice a week.Zhang Ling, from Shanghai,is working towards her PhD.The 31-year-old is fluent in English and she has been living in London for three years.She spends most of her time with Chinese friends.Making friends cross-culturally can be difficult and,for some,it can be a huge issue.Language? Culture?Mindset?Communication?Are the concepts of friendship held by Westerners and Chinese really so different?


A hybrid five bar actuator is a configuration that combines the motions of two characteristically different electric motors by means of a five bar mechanism to produce programmable output. Hybrid five bar actuator is the most representative one of hybrid actuator. In this paper, the method of kinematics and dynamics analysis for a hybrid five-bar actuator based on power bond graph theory is introduced. The bond graph model is provided. According to bond graph theory and model, dynamics equations can be derived. By means of the method, it is compact and convenient for solving the main driving power, the assist driving power of a hybrid five-bar actuator. The formula of dynamic equations derived here is a regularized one, and this procedure is very suitable for automatic derivation on a computer, obviously enhancing efficiency and reliability of dynamics analysis for hybrid five bar actuator. From this, a numerical example of kinematics and dynamics analysis for a hybrid five-bar actuator is given, and illustrates its validity


A complicated sequential fault on a multiphase power system may involve grounding of some phases, short circuit between some phases in one or more bunches and isolation of some phases. All these faults may take place in any sequence. This paper presents a generalized method for analysing such faults. Two matrices which may be called 'the terminal voltage co-efficient matrix' and 'the ground fault co-efficient matrix' are employed for the analysis. The elements of these matrices can immediately be written for any state of the system. The method presented imposes no restriction either on the sequence in which the complicated fault develops or on the instants on the voltage waves at which the faults develop. Actual phase variables are employed for the analysis and expressions for transient phase currents, transient terminal voltages and the transient neutral current are given. By suitably adjusting certain constants and the summation indices in the general expressions, the method can be applied to an n-phase power system. As an application of the proposed method, the results for an arbitrary sequential fault on a six phase system are given.


Disease is a transnational phenomenon which pays no heed to territorial state boundaries; yet it rarely features in the discussion of International Relations. It is important that the discipline should address the issue of disease and more broadly, health, not simply to facilitate containment of disease transmission across international borders but also because central notions of justice, equity, efficiency and order are involved.


This study examined the correlation between self-regulated learning and academic achievement among UniSZA undergraduate students. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of self-efficacy belief, and use of learning strategies on UniSZA undergraduates' academic achievement. A pilot study was conducted via the use of exploratory factor analysis using 144 volunteering respondents. This is to determine the reliability and validity of the instrument. A closed-ended questionnaire on student self-regulated learning was administered to 364 randomly selected students 202 of which are female, 162 male across the nine faculties of the University. Obtained data was analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. Results obtained indicated that a strong relationship exist between self-regulated learning and academic achievement. The findings revealed a high positive correlation between students' self-efficacy belief, and use of learning strategies and students' academic achievement. Similarly, results of the regression analysis indicated that self-efficacy, and learning strategies serves as good predictors of higher academic performance (GPA). However, among the three study variables, self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of academic achievement. The study recommends nurturing and development of autonomous learners and a shift to students centered instruction.


Teaching about children's literature in pre-service teacher education is quite rare, even though research shows it is crucial for teachers to be good at teaching reading as well as being committed readers (Commeyras et al., 2003; Cremin et al., 2009). Emphasis on the reading process can sideline the importance of talking about quality literature to engage students in reading (Author, 2016). I have positioned the role of talk about books as a core part of our undergraduate degree. In this way, my pre-service teachers are alerted to the potential of the 'fiction effect' to improve equitable engagement with reading (Jerrim & Moss, 2019) for all students.

The paper explores how an initial teacher education course in Australia partnered with local schools to create authentic interactions about children's literature. A dialogic approach to learning (Alexander, 2020) was adopted to teach pre-service teachers to develop equitable literacy pedagogy informed by children's literature. During their education program the pre-service teachers received letters from school children who wrote about their reading preferences. The letters were discussed for evidence of reading habits and new books were sought as recommendations for children to read. Through considering their own reading identities pre-service teachers collectively developed their knowledge about children's literature as they developed knowledge of literacy pedagogy.  The development of habits of noticing (Simpson et al., 2020) through iterative discussion helped the pre-service teachers' learn about their students, learn from their students, and encouraged them to take a more holistic view of the teaching of reading.


An upward flow biofilter and a downward flow biofilter using compost for removing methanol from air were investigated to compare the biofilter performance and to realize the advantages of using downward flow biofilters for accessibility to water make-up. Both the upward flow and downward flow columns showed similar performance in terms of elimination capacity (EC) versus inlet mass loading (IC). The maximum elimination capacity (EC) from these two biofilters was approximately 101 g m−3 h−1 with an optimum methanol loading rate at inlet (IC) of 169 g m−3 h−1 (7.5 g m−3 of methanol with superficial velocity of 7.6 m h−1). The effect of water movement within the bed on elimination capacity was monitored. In addition, it was found that when the water content in the compost was below 35% by weight, microbial activity was impaired. Once the compost media had dried, it became hydrophobic and could be rewetted only with great difficulty. Total bacteria count was performed on compost samples during the entire operation. The relationship between elimination capacity and total bacteria count was reported. Similar trends were shown by the variations of elimination capacity and total bacteria count with methanol loading: both initially increase, go through a plateau, then decrease with loading.

© 2000 Society of Chemical Industry


Down-regulation of KAI I iiiRVV expression has been shown to be associated with the formation of métastases or disease progression in pancreatic cancer. Whether Ai// possesses similar characteristics in other malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract is not known. Here, we compared the patterns of KAI1 inKNA expression in 41 esophageal cancers and 35 stomach cancers to assess whether KAI1 might also be of biological relevance in the metastatic ability of these tumors. By Northern blot analysis, KAI l niKNA levels ranged widely in both normal and cancerous esophageal and gastric tissue samples, with no statistical differences. No association between k VII niRNA expression and tumor stage or tumor differentiation was seen in these tumors. In addition, KAI l mRNA expression was similar in primary esophageal and gastric cancer samples with or without métastases.By in situ hybridiza tion, KAll mRNA expression was evident in the cytoplasm of most squamous epithelial cells in the normal esophagus and in nonmucosal epithelial cells of the normal stomach. The staining intensity in the esoph ageal and gastric cancer cells was similar to that in the normal controls. This differential pattern of KAI1 mRNA expression in esophageal and gastric cancers in comparison to pancreatic cancer indicates that AU/ seems to influence the potential of gastrointestinal cancer cells to metastasize differently. In esophageal and gastric cancers, the formation of métastasesis not dependent on the reduction of Al// in the cancer cells.


an antifouling technology. The developed dirt evaluation device digitizes the degree of dirt using a photo sensor and numerically evaluates the degree of dirt. This paper describes the principle, measurement method, and actual evaluation results of the developed contamination evaluation device.