Developmental measurements - anthropometry - are important tools for assessing muscle development and monitoring of muscle-related diseases. The multifidus are deep muscles that are located in the posterior and medial part of the vertebral column, between the spinal and transverse processes of the vertebrae. Through the cross-sectional area of the lumbar multifidus muscle, it is possible to evaluate if there is a function or dysfunction of the spine, since there is a relation between this area and the stability of the spine, considering that the smaller the area measured, the greater the probability of instability and consequently dysfunctions and injuries. Ultrasonography has been highlighted as a method of evaluation of the cross-sectional area of the multifidus muscle, since it allows to evaluate and detect the abnormalities, as well as to monitor changes during rehabilitation, in a non-invasive, fast, painless and low cost way. Objective to construct reference curves of the cross-sectional area of the lumbar multifidus muscles in eutrophic children aged 5 to 10 years, both sexes. Methodologically, the reference curves were obtained with the aid of software R and the main packages used were gamlss and gamlss.util. We used the lms () function that uses an automated procedure for the estimation of percentiles. This method summarizes the percentiles at each age based on the power of the age-specific Box Cox power transformations used to normalize the data. A total of 736 children (396 boys and 340 girls), who underwent anthropometric evaluation (weight and height), and unilateral ultrasonographic evaluation of the cross-sectional area of the lumbar multifidus muscles at rest at the L5 level, in the period of November 2017 to September 2018. We observed a growth of the cross-sectional area of the lumbar multifidus muscle, between 5 and 10 years, with a mean of 3.43 cm² and a standard deviation of 0.53. A slight asymmetry in the frequency distribution of this area and a similarity between boys and girls, being a more linear distribution in girls than in boys. Conclusion: considering that a reference curve is a tool that allows to evaluate the speed of growth, the definition of this reference value is essential for the early detection of the decrease of the cross-sectional area, aiding in the diagnosis to evaluate the stability of the lumbar spine. From a practical point of view given age, a value of this area smaller than the 5% percentile would indicate a small, unusual area value, while a value above the 95% percentile would indicate an unusual area size.


This paper investigates throughput and round-trip time modelling for TCP/IP operating over an HSDPA based UMTS network. Analytical models for TCP/IP's throughput, hybrid automatic repeat request and round-trip time, in droptail and RED router based environments, have been described. This analysis has been supported by NS-2 based simulations to obtain throughput and round-trip time for a wired-cum-wireless network scenario. The effect of round robin, maximum carrier to interference ratio and proportional fair throughput scheduling disciplines, on total cell throughput and round-trip time variations due to wireless part, have also been simulated.


Dear Sir, Assessment of cellular immune response by delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing requires quality materials. Eungal antigens are often used for this testing. Recently, Candida albicans extracts have been shown not to meet minimal standards (1). We wondered whether a similar problem existed for Trichophyton extracts. Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing provides important information about cellular aspects of the immune system and the ability to process and present antigen to cellular effector cells. Certain delayed-type skin testing materials are regulated by the Center of Biologies Evaluation and Research of the Eood and Drug Administration to ensure consistent potency. However, among Trichophyton extracts, only one product, the Merieux Multi-test CMI is currently licensed for this use. It delivers Trichophyton extract by percutaneous puncture. However, many physicians have preferred standard intradermal technique because more predictable amounts of antigen are administered intracutaneously. Moreover, since fungal species are antigenically diverse, this variance may also affect comparability. Thus, equivalence is difficult to ensure. With antigens not licensed for delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing, practitioners generally selected materials licensed for immediate skin testing or for allergy immunotherapy. We therefore investigated the potency of nine commercialy available Trichophyton products. Potency and reactivity were assessed in vitro and with delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing. Isoelectric focusing and laser densitometry were used to assess composition (2, 3, 4). Four healthy adult subjects were skin tested after obtaining informed consent under a protocol approved by the Walter Reed Army Medical Center Department of Clinical Investigation/ Institutional Review Board. Skin induration, banding with isoelectric focusing, and absorbance with laser densitometry showed these products to be variable. The data are displayed in the accompanying table. At one extreme. Product 1 failed to produce a positive skin test in any of the four patients. At the other extreme. Products 6, 7 and 8, gave positive skin tests in all four patients. Interme-


Described herein are frameworks and methodologies configured to assist configuring devices supported by a building management system. Embodiments of the invention have been particularly developed to allow commissioning of devices, such as HVAC components, to be performed more efficiently in the field. While some embodiments will be described herein with particular reference to that application, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to such a field of use, and is applicable in broader contexts.


Besides their function of transmitting vertical loads, the floors transmit horizontal seismic forces, developed during an earthquake, from the masses concentrated at each level to the bracing elements. They also help maintain a connection between the various elements of the structure. Given the characteristics of traditional wooden floors and those of the structures in which they are incorporated, special provisions are necessary to the floors in order to be able to play this dual role. In many cases, the design calculations of wooden floors assume that the support nodes behave as perfect hinge or the joints are perfectly rigid. In practice, most used connections have a semi rigid behavior. For such assemblages, relative deformations appear between the connected structure elements. The present paper aims to provide recommendations and design features for optimum performance of traditional wooden floors with a single slope, when subjected to earthquake forces. In particular, this approach takes into account the orthotropic and possibly plastic behavior of wood and the flexional behavior of the connections between walls and floors in the overall analysis of the structure.


AIM
The purpose was to examine the effects of non-commercial music on quality of sleep and relaxation indices, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and respiratory rate in patients in intensive care units.

BACKGROUND
There is currently insufficient scientific knowledge for the effects of music on quality of sleep in critically ill patients.

DESIGN
A randomized controlled trial.

METHODS
Between January-December 2010, 28 patients aged 39-78 years were randomly assigned to music and control groups. Participants in the music groups listened to non-commercial music for 45 minutes at nocturnal sleep time. In the control group, participants slept with no music. Participants were assessed using vital signs monitors, standardized questionnaire, and polysomnography. Polysomnography sleep was recorded for the first 2 hours of the nocturnal sleep. General estimating equation was applied to analyse data.

FINDINGS
Participants in the music group had shorter stage N2 sleep and longer stage N3 sleep in the first 2 hours of the nocturnal sleep and improved self-reported sleep quality, compared with those in the control group. The music group patients also had significantly lower heart rates than those in the control group. The intensive care units patients experienced fragmented sleep with a high frequency of awakenings and severe reduction in random eye movement sleep during the first 2 hours of the nocturnal sleep.

CONCLUSION
The findings provided evidence for nurses to use soothing music as a research-based nursing intervention for intensive care unit patients' sleep improvement.


We present resolved H i observations of two galaxies, UGC 9037 and UGC 12506, members of a rare subset of galaxies detected by the ALFALFA extragalactic H i survey characterized by high H i mass and high gas fraction for their stellar masses. Both of these galaxies have M* > 1010 M☉ and M*, as well as typical star formation rates for their stellar masses. How can such galaxies have avoided consuming their massive gas reservoirs? From gas kinematics, stability, star formation, and dark matter distributions of the two galaxies, we infer two radically different histories. UGC 9037 has high central H i surface density (>10 M☉ pc−2). Its gas at most radii appears to be marginally unstable with non-circular flows across the disk. These properties are consistent with UGC 9037 having recently acquired its gas and that it will soon undergo major star formation. UGC 12506 has low surface densities of H i, and its gas is stable over most of the disk. We predict its gas to be H i-dominated at all except the smallest radii. We claim a very high dark matter halo spin parameter for UGC 12506 (λ = 0.15), suggesting that its gas is older, and has never undergone a period of star formation significant enough to consume the bulk of its gas.


Watermarking is a technique to hide authorization information in a cover data to claim its ownership. A number of papers have been studied that define various watermarking techniques on digital images. Each technique has its own mode of action and implementation. Discrete wavelet transform is a widely used domain to embed watermark in an image and Particle swarm optimization is a new evolutionary algorithm to achieve robustness and imperceptibility.


In a previous issue of the Proceedings we published a paper concerning the application of ultra-short waves in connection with navigation, based on the glide path proposed by Diamond and Dunmore. That paper not only explained the advantages of using radio beacons for this range of waves but also made mention of the fact that it is deemed expedient to use radio beacons operating on ultra-short waves for blind landing of airplanes. Meanwhile this idea has been developed further so that we are now in a position to report on the results of tests made with this method of blind landing. At present this method is on the verge of being introduced in Europe on a large scale. Besides the beacons installed in Berlin and Zürich which have been in service for a considerable length of time, the German airports at Hannover, Cologne, and Frankfort (Main) will be equipped with radio beacons by the time this paper is published. Similar equipments are in course of installation in the German airports of Munich and Königsberg, and in the coming months will be installed in France, England, Poland, Austria, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, and Japan.


In the past few years, many interesting approaches have been studied and designed to advance the practical implementation of wireless information and power transfer (WIPT) <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref> and simultaneous WIPT (SWIPT) <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">[3]</xref> in the contexts of everyday life, academic research, and industry. The ever-growing array of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies presents a tangible answer to the need for modern, densely populated networks of wirelessly connected devices. In this context, node maintenance is a challenging task, given both the enormous size of the networks and the location of the devices, which can be spread across difficult-to-reach areas. In particular, the SWIPT paradigm <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">[4]</xref> is being investigated in a wide range of systems for industrial applications combined with emerging technologies typical of the industrial IoT, namely wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that enable unlimited and uninterrupted connectivity in generic commercial environments. The main goal is to continuously monitor key components by using smart sensors that are able to track, in almost real time, rotation, position, speed, temperature, acceleration, and all the other vital parameters of the devices that have to be observed <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">[5]</xref>.


We shall attempt in this chapter to trace the development of ideas about circulation over the continental shelf in the Middle Atlantic Bight and in the major estuaries which drain into the Middle Atlantic Bight. The term Middle Atlantic Bight refers to the curved section of the continental shelf off the eastern United States stretching between Cape Hatteras to the south and Cape Cod and Nantucket Shoals to the northeast. The New York Bight is a subsection of the Middle Atlantic Bight and refers to the shelf region stretching between the New Jersey and Long Island coasts. A schematic version of Uchupi's (1965) topographic map is shown in figure 7.1, indicating both the general shape of this shelf region plus the names and locations of the major estuaries and key positions discussed in the text. We have decided to focus this review of estuarine and shelf cirulation on the Middle Atlantic Bight and its estuaries for several reasons. The major Middle Atlantic Bight estuaries have been extensively examined and have provided several important case studies in the development of new ideas about circulation and turbulent-mixing processes in moderately stratified coastal-plain-type estuaries. These estuaries and the adjacent continental shelf border on one of the world's largest urban complexes; a better description and understanding of the circulation and dominant mixing processes occurring in this particular region is clearly needed for a more effective management of the regional estuarine and shelf resources in the face of man's many conflicting uses of the water bodies. Fostered in part by increased environmental concerns, more adequate research funding, and the availability of new instrumentation and observational techniques, many new circulation and related physical studies have been undertaken in the last two decades, and a synthesis of both old and new material into a review of the regional estuarine and shelf circulation seems particularly appropriate at this time. While a few scientists have made important contributions in both fields and have thus helped to carry new ideas and techniques from one field into the other, basic research on problems conceming estuarine and continental-shelf circulation have evolved more or less independently in time, so that we will present here separate reviews of the historical and the modem ideas about estuarine and shelf circulation in the Middle Atlantic Bight. One important research objective in the 1980s will be to develop a better kinematic and dynamic description of the physical coupling between estuarine and shelf waters. Our present meager knowledge about the different physical processes that connect the shelf and estuary together prevent a more unified discussion.


In addition to their economic value, multifunctional forests fulfill both ecological and social tasks. Thus, sustainable forestry impacts different areas. Although basic digitalization already exists in the forest-based sector and is being developed further, the integration of heterogeneous systems and the sharing of data between the stakeholders continues to be a challenge that requires mutual trust. To meet this demanding requirement, data trustees represent a possible approach. Thereby, the complexity of trustful data sharing is delegated to an intermediary that provides an easy entrance for data providers and consumers as well as software developers. The paper at hand presents the preliminary findings of an ongoing study on trustful data sharing in the forest-based sector in Germany. Based on a general outline of the concept of data trustees, this contribution examines various opportunities for the forest-based sector, identifies the associated challenges from a technical, user, and legal perspective, presents the use case of trustful sharing of harvester production data, and proposes an architecture to encounter the challenges while unlocking the opportunities.


The study aims to establish the management model of ecosystem services Koto Panjang Reservoir. The approach used in this modeling is the Dynamic Modelling. The results showed the value of prediction error of the simulation results based on the data used was in the range 0.4 % - 4.64 %. The simulation results show the value of economic growth in 2020 will reach its peak value Rp.3,3 billion. The economic value of the total economic value of the four main activities of the utilization of ecosystem services Koto Panjang Reservoir namely; KJA cultivation of Rp.1,1 billion, tourism Rp.1,6 billion,  fishing by paddle for 60 million,  fishing by fishing boat engine at Rp.489 million. Model scenarios developed by increasing the KJA growth of 30% and 100% for tourism, managed to increase the total economic value of Rp.5,08 billion from previously around Rp.3,3 billion or an increase of approximately 53.95%. The increase in the economic value derived from an increase in the economic value of Rp.1,56 billion KJA activities and improvement of the economic value of tourism activities Rp 2,9 billion. Keywords: ecosystem services, reservoirs, total economic value, dynamic modelling


Introduction: In chronic disease studies, environmental exposures can now be more easily generated using geographic information system tools that rely heavily on spatial information. When long-term...


Aplysin, a member of the bromine‐sesquiterpene compounds family, was mainly extracted from red alga Laurencia tristicha. This study aimed to explore the effects of Aplysin on rat liver, intestine, Kupffer cells and intestinal flora in rats exposed to alcohol. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, ethanol‐model group, and Aplysin‐treated group. Except control group, rats were exposed to ethanol at dose of 6 g/kg/d for first four weeks, then 8 g/kg/d for last four weeks. One hour after that, Aplysin‐treated group was given oral administration of Aplysin at 150 mg/kg/bw on a daily basis. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and liver and intestine were collected for histological and biochemical assessments, plasma was collected for endotoxin level measurement with commercial kit, primary rat Kupffer cell cultures were established for measuring expression of CD14, TLR4 and NF‐kB using RT‐PCR and production of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in liver Kupffer cells using ELISA. Fecal samples were collected for quantitative analysis of intestinal floras. We found that Aplysin reduced the alcohol‐induced hepatic and intestinal histopathological changes and plasma endotoxin levels, and also suppressed the elevation of biomarkers for liver damage (AST, ALT, ALP, CHE and GGT). In primary Kupffer cell cultures, asplysin significantly decreased expression of CD14, TLR4, and NF‐kB as well as production of TNF‐α and IL‐1β. In addition, Aplysin significantly affected the changes in intestinal floras, including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. In conclusion, Aplysin exerted potent liver‐protective effect, which is associated with modulation of Kupffer cells function and altered intestinal flora.


The paper presents the experimental results of Food Court Waste air gasification using a batch reactor. This type of waste is generated mainly in the food court areas of services spaces, shopping centers, airports and malls and is generally composed of paper & cardboard, plastic, organic, wood, metal and glass waste. The process operating parameters were: temperatures between 650°C and 850°C and an equivalent ratio of 0.25 and 0.4 respectively. The study focused on the influence of process parameters on the energy conversion rate considering the cold gas and hot gas efficiency correlated with the feedstock carbon conversion rate. The recorded instantaneous concentrations of sampled gas species were plotted in time dependent graphs for accurate variation curves of gases concentrations. The results can be used to isolate the startup stage of the gasification process and to establish the optimal process parameters for increased overall energy efficiency. In conclusion, considering the current setup, operational parameters and process energy efficiency, the optimal temperature for the air gasification of Food Court Waste is 850ºC with an equivalent ratio of 0.40.


The method of linear analogue self-assessment (LASA) was used to quantify the views concerning day care which were held by patients attending a geriatric day hospital. The results suggest that day hospitals are an acceptable form of care for the elderly.


Four reference samples, containing three or all four gamma emitters, /sup 60/Co, /sup 106/Ru, /sup 134/Cs, and /sup 137/Cs, from 6 to 400 pCi/L, were prepared and analytical results from 32 participating laboratories evaluated. Coefficients of variation for repeatability (within-laboratory precision), reproducibility (the combined within- and between-laboratory precision), and accuracy were determined. Results were evaluated at concentrations from twice to one tenth the maximum contaminant levels for /sup 60/Co (100 pCi/L), /sup 106/Ru (30 pCi/L), /sup 134/Cs (80 pCi/L), and /sup 137/Cs (200 pCi/L). Coefficients of variation were higher for the lower concentration samples. Ranges of the coefficients of variation for repeatability, reproducibility, and accuracy over the concentrations studied were, respectively, 3 to 12, 6 to 23, and 100 to 119% for /sup 60/Co; 19 to 27, 28 to 49, and 101 to 182% for /sup 106/Ru; 5 to 30, 9 to 30, and 92 to 99% for /sup 134/Cs; and 2 to 10, 5 to 10, and 6 to 14% for /sup 137/Cs. Larger errors were observed for /sup 106/Ru. A negative bias of about 10% was observed for /sup 134/Cs. Average lower levels of detection were estimated for /sup 60/Co, /sup 106/Ru, /sup 134/Cs, and /sup 137/Cs tomore » be 7 pCi/L, 44 pCi/L, 8 pCi/L, and 7 pCi/L, respectively.« less


When biomass is in pyrolysis stage, it produced tar primarily through depolymerization process in the temperature range of 200oC-500oC. In this temperature range, the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin components of biomass break down into primary tar. Due to increased reaction temperature, secondary reactions occur in the gas phase, which convert oxygenated tar compounds to lighter hydrocarbons, aromatics, oxygenates and olefins subsequently forming higher hydrocarbons and larger Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) in tertiary processes (Milne et al., 1998). Tar is an unavoidable by-product of thermal conversion (Basu, P., 2013), it is condensed at low temperature and makes problems. In boiler case, it gets foul on the heating plate and flue pipes and reduces the heat transfer rate, hence decreases the performance of the boiler. It can be destructed or reduced, but still now, there is not any method to completely get rid of tar (Kafle et al., 2014). European pellets allowed up-to 2% additives of the total mass of wood pellet (EPC, 2013). Additives increases ash melting temperature and decrease creating of sinters and slags (Holubčík et al., 2013). The paper presents the results of using dolomite and lime as additives to reduce tar fouling in wood pellet boiler.


In this study, we report on the utilization of layered substrates for increased performance of fluorescent-based detection schemes. Through optimization of layer thicknesses, we demonstrate that enhancement with respect to commonly used microscope slides is achieved for the collected fluorescence signal.


[Objective]Perfectionism questionnaire and occupational burnout scale were adopted to investigate 90 coaches of grassroots.[Results]The perfectionism questionnaire and occupational burnout scale of coaches of grassroots in Shanxi Province was above middle level(2.93 ± 0.47;3.16 ± 0.48,the highest scores are all 5 points).There are significant correlations between perfectionism,occupational burnout and other factors,the differences were significant(P0.05).Regression analysis showed that concern over mistakes had significant positive effect on occupational burnout of coaches of grassroots which could explain the variance in burnout of 6.3%.[Conclusion]There is significant positive correlation between perfectionism and occupational burnout.Reducing coaches′requirement of perfectionism is beneficial to lighten their occupational burnout.


The acceptance of camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) as a host plant for the larvae of common bluebottle (Graphium sarpedon nipponum) was explained by the presence of feeding stimulants in the leaves. When the active methanol extract of C. camphora leaves was separated into hexane and water layers, both layers showed high feeding activities for the larvae of G. sarpedon nipponum. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the hexane layer resulted in the isolation of a highly active compound, which was identified as α-linolenic acid by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.


In order to guide the disposal of food safety incidents,the paper introduced the conception,disposal mechanism of food safety incidents,emergency measures,report,investigation and disposal after food safety incidents.Health administrative department is at the dominant position in the processing procedure of food safety incidents,and bear integrated and comprehensive responsibility.Quality supervision department,industrial and commercial administrative department,food and drug supervision and management department are responsible for field investigations and administrative penalties.The epidemiological investigation of food safety incidents was performed by center for disease prevention and control.


Gamma titanium aluminide (gamma-TiAl) is a titanium alloy which contains no vanadium and appears to have potential for biomedical applications such as joint prostheses. The tribomechanical properties of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb (at. %) (gamma- TiAl) subjected to oxidation in air at 500°C and 800°C were determined by standard wear tests using a hardened stainless steel (SS) pin in a linearly reciprocating mode under both dry and lubricated (Ringer's solution) media. Similar properties for CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V were measured for comparison.  The lowest mean mass loss was obtained for oxidized gamma-TiAl alloy indicating excellent wear resistance. The dominant wear mechanism on all the Ti alloy samples was abrasion.  The oxidation temperature had a minimal effect on the wear of gamma-TiAl but was significant for the other two alloys.


History articles in Dushu since 1990 have several tendencies:the status of intellectual history rises;the images of universities are reconstructed;authors pay much attention to the fate of intellectuals of modern China;macro-history spreads widely and arouses dispute.The articles in Dushu follow research of history academia,and have some characteristics of Dushu itself.


Abstract UPt3 is known to possess a unique phase diagram. Close to T c, three superconducting phases A, B and C coexist with the normal phase N giving rise to a tetracritical point. Furthermore, the anisotropy in the upper critical field H c2 near T c is reversed at low temperatures. In this letter we show that the behaviour under uniaxial pressure is unusual as well. For pressure, P c parallel to the c axis, H c2 is enhanced at low temperatures for H parallel to the a axis but is depressed for H parallel to c. In contrast the B[sbnd]C transition is always depressed with increasing P c for both the field orientations. Order-parameter candidates selected to explain the tetracritical point in the phase diagram of UPt3 near T, must also yield results consistent with the behaviour of the phase lines observed by us at low temperatures.


Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are commonly used in embedded systems. Although it is possible to reconfigure some FPGAs while an embedded system is operational, this feature is seldom exploited. Recent improvements in the flexibility and reconfiguration speed of FPGAs have made it practical to reconfigure them dynamically, reducing the amount of hardware required in an embedded system. We have developed a system, called CORDS, which synthesizes multi-rate, real-time, periodic distributed embedded systems containing dynamically reconfigurable FPGAs. Executing different tasks on the same FPGA requires that potentially time-consuming reconfiguration be carried out between tasks. CORDS uses a novel preemptive, dynamic priority, multi-rate scheduling algorithm to deal with this problem. To the best of our knowledge, dynamically reconfigured FPGAs have not previously been used in hardware-software co-synthesis of embedded systems. Experimental results indicate that using dynamically reconfigured FPGAs in distributed real-time embedded systems has the potential to reduce their price and allow the synthesis of architectures which meet system specifications that would otherwise be infeasible.


A deductive object-oriented database (DOOD) language, QUIXOT E, has been designed and developed for knowledge information processing applications such as natural language processing, legal reasoning, and genetic information processing in the Japanese Fifth Generation Computer System (FGCS) project and the FollowOn project. As knowledge information is di erent from conventional information, a new framework for database and knowledge-base management systems was required under such an environment. As a result, QUIXOT E has many unique features as a DOOD language and system. Focusing on such aspects in this paper, we describe speci c features of QUIXOT E and discuss this approach. Further, we observe very brie y how such features are effective for knowledge information processing by showing some examples of our applications.


ABSTRACTE-business has created new industries that have added numerous new firms to world exchanges. Moreover, industry policies are important for e-business development in emerging markets. However, extant research on a linkage between e-business and financial performance has focused mostly on the influence of firms' behavior in developed markets, and understanding is limited regarding the effects of government administration on financial outcomes of firms in emerging markets. Therefore, we investigated the impact of e-business industrial policies in these markets by examining corresponding financial market responses. Our empirical investigation included an examination of financial market responses to e-business industrial policies released in China's emerging market. Specifically, we conducted an event study to investigate the impact of released policies on stock values of e-business firms. Our empirical analysis revealed the following. First, two types of industrial policies that facilitate e-business are associated with opposite abnormal returns on the release date. Specifically, concrete positive policies produce positive abnormal returns, while positive policies that are more general produce negative abnormal returns. Second, not all firms benefit equally from e-business policies. Specifically, policy value is strengthened or weakened by research and development and advertising expenditures. Therefore, managerial implications are applicable to investors, firms, and government.Keywords: e-Business; Industrial policy; Financial value; Emerging market; Event study(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)1. IntroductionE-business plays an important role in the new economy [Jorgenson 2001]. With the corresponding creation of new industries, numerous firms have been introduced to the various world exchanges. Many new firms have become large enough to be listed on the SP furthermore, success based on such expenditures is far from certain [Srinivasan et al. 2009]. Investors who are motivated by cash flow expectations-in particular, the prospects of accelerating future cash flows and reducing associated risks [Srivastava, Shervani, and Fahey 1998]-must consider both the (expected) benefits and the downsides (technology complexity and benefit uncertainty). Therefore, e-business firms would be better off not only pursuing the traditional objective of increasing market share or corporate growth but also maximizing shareholder wealth within the overall framework of a country's industrial policy [Singh 1999, 2000]. Moreover, understanding the financial market response to e-business industrial policies is important because a firm's financial health is not only the ultimate measure for the success or failure of any strategic initiatives [Luo and Bhattacharya 2006] but also one of the most important measures of public policy effectiveness [Schwert 1981].E-business in developed countries is growing continuously and it has grown in emerging markets as well. For example, as the Chinese government presented in its "Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Fostering and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries," e-business is one of the most important industries in China because of its contribution to the national economy [Chao et al 2012]. E-business firms are growing rapidly in China's capital market; their average rate of growth in terms of total stock market value is over 100% per year [www.Sohu.com 2012]. However, emerging markets have certain characteristics that create a distinctive environment for e-businesses. First, the "visible hand" of the government is more powerful in emerging economies than in mature markets. In mature markets such as the U.S., the stock market and the venture capital market provide firms with cheaper external sources [Allen, Chui, and Maddaloni 2004]. …


Due to population ageing, the number of people requiring monitoring and specific health care increased. Nevertheless, due to social or financial reasons, most of this population prefers to stay at home. Thanks to recent improvement in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) and smart home technologies, new opportunities emerge to develop Health at Home (HaH) solutions. One of the main objectives of HaH is to offer to smart home inhabitants a life and health quality similar to patients in specialized medical institutions. To achieve this task, it is proposed in this paper an approach to monitor frail people at home to detect behavioral changes which can be symptoms of health problems. The method is model-based, working with Stochastic Timed Automata as it is an efficient tool to model activity duration and ordering habits, which are key features of human behavior. Once a model depicting life habits is built, it is proposed to use normalized likelihood and probabilistic distribution to evaluate the consistency between the regular life habits and newly observed behavior. Appearance of a inconsistent behavior may testify the evolution or apparition of a medical symptom. A case study demonstrates the relevancy of the proposed approach, and several scenarios highlight the possibility to have clear enough information on inhabitant behavior to identify a limited number of responsible medical disorder.


In this paper we present the application of Eni's 3D non-linear anisotropic diffusion filter to 3D depth migrated seismic data. The implementation of the filter is based on the full diffusion equation, i.,e., it supports non-linear, adaptive, and steered


A neural network with two hidden layers is developed for nuclear mass prediction, based on the finite-range droplet model (FRDM12). Different hyperparameters, including the number of hidden units, the choice of activation functions, the initializers, and the learning rates, are adjusted explicitly and systematically. The resulting mass predictions are achieved by averaging the predictions given by several different sets of hyperparameters with different regularizers and seed numbers. It can provide us not only the average values of mass predictions but also reliable estimations in the mass prediction uncertainties. The overall root-mean-square deviations of nuclear mass have been reduced from $0.603$ MeV for the FRDM12 model to $0.200$ MeV and $0.232$ MeV for the training set and validation set, respectively.


Abstract : The motions of a semi-submerisble platform are computed for three different headings relative to the waves. This was done as part of a study established to compare various methods of semi-submersible platform motion prediction organized by the ITTC Ocean Engineering Committee. A strip method is applied in the numerical analysis. The results of this analysis are presented alone, that is, no com parisons are made with other theoretical methods or experimental data. This can be done when the ITTC Committee publishes the results of all participants of this study. The results of heave motion show a resonance when the wave period is about 3.35 seconds. (Author)


The protein Loosenin 1 from the wood degrading fungus Bjerkandera adu-sta (BaLOOS1) has been shown to loosen up recalcitrant biomass and en-hance enzymatic saccharification. BaLOOS1 is the only loosenin protein that has been biochemically characterised so far. An earlier attempt to ex-press BaLOOS1 in Pichia pastoris, with its native signal peptide (SP), indi-cated low expression level (T. Haataja and J. Stahlberg, unpublished).

The purpose of this study was to exchange the native SP of BaLOOS1 in an attempt to obtain higher expression levels. A pGAP P. pastoris expression plasmid was used that contained the gene for BaLOOS1 with an appended C-terminal His tag, and the native SP was exchanged by Gibson assembly followed by transformation into P. pastoris X33-strain. Four SPs were tested. Two SPs were from loosenin homologs in Trichoderma reesei and P. pastoris, respectively, from a previous study. The two other SPs were the α-factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the Epx1-SP from the most abun-dant secretory protein Epx1 in P. pastoris. All the SP constructs were suc-cessfully inserted. The T. reesei SP gave the strongest band of the expected molecular weight on SDS-PAGE gel of the tested SPs indicating a higher expression level than the others. Specific binding to an IMAC column strongly suggests that the expressed protein is the His-tagged BaLOOS1. However, definite confirmation of the identity remains to be done, e.g. by peptide mapping.


There are many kinds of mine geoenvironment problems from mining exploitation in Nanyang city,including mine geological disaster,soil and vegetation occupied and broken,water-balance broken,solid castoff letting and environment destroyed by mine waste water.Changing trend of mine environment in Nanyang city were analyzed.And the actuality subareas of mine geoenvironment were put up,including emphases protection area,emphases prevention area,emphases prevention and recovery area.And the countermeasures for protection and recovery of mine geoenvironment were put forward.


Asthma remains the most common chronic lung disease in childhood in the United States. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been recognized as both a marker of and participant in pulmonary pathophysiology. While membrane-bound RAGE (mRAGE) perpetuates the type 2 immune response, the soluble form (sRAGE) may act as a decoy receptor for pro-inflammatory ligands. Bronchoalveolar samples from 45 pediatric patients with asthma were obtained. Patients were divided into high and low BAL sRAGE groups using median sRAGE. Descriptive statistical analysis and non-parametric testing were applied. Children in the "high" sRAGE group had a lower median serum eosinophil (0.27 [SE ± 0.04] vs. 0.57 [± 0.06] K/mcl, adjusted p = 0.003) and lower serum IgE level (194.4 [± 60.7] vs. 676.2 ± 140.5) IU/mL, adjusted p = 0.004) as compared to the "low" sRAGE group. When controlling for age and body mass index percentile, absolute eosinophil count (p = 0.03) and serum IgE (p = 0.043) remained significantly lower in the "high" sRAGE group. Children with asthma and high levels of BAL sRAGE have lower serum eosinophil and IgE levels. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that sRAGE may act as a decoy receptor by binding ligands that normally interact with mRAGE.


A method for computing the nonlinear interactions between the spectral lines of progressive finite‐amplitude waves in fluid media is developed via Burger's equation. By taking the Fourier transform of the particle velocity, this equation is reduced to a coupled set of ordinary nonlinear differential equations, which are then solved by means of Airy's algorithm. The solution thus obtained consists of a spectral vector, which initially contains the signal spectrum at the source, and is subsequently enriched by nonlinearly generated spectral lines as the signal propagates through the medium. The utility of the method consists in the ease with which it can be implemented on a digital computer and its applicability to different types of source waveform. As an example, the conversion efficiency of parametric interaction between the spectral lines of a finite amplitude source driven simultaneously at two different frequencies and subject to spherical spreading loss is considered. It is shown that the sound press...


Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of Qishen Yiqi Droplet on chronic heart failure. Methods Eighty cases with chronic heart failure were selected and divided into observation group and control group. The routine treatment was used to control group,Qishen Yiqi Droplet was given to observation group on the base of the routine treatment. The patients in two groups were detected by echocardiogram before and after treatment. Results Left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volum and cardiac output in observation group after treatment were higher than those in control group ,there was statistical difference (P0.05); The total effective rate in observation group after treatment was higher than that in control group,there was statistical difference (P0.05). Conclusion Qishen Yiqi Droplet can improve the cardiac function and clinical symptoms and signs. The clinical efficacy is significant.


Regarding the situation that coal gate is difficult to open/close to the accurate position when uneven sizes of coal lump is put in,an intelligent control system has been put forward to realize the control for coal gates based on the technologies of smart identification and magnetic proximity switch.The intelligent control system consists of the programmable controller,motor driving device,motor current detector,gate position feedback unit and the human-machine interaction block,which can precisely position coal gate,effectively avoid foreign objects like big lump of coal,and real-timely monitor the working condition of drive motor,so as to ensure the stability of coal gate operation.


The interaction of cross-linked sodium polyacrylate (PA) with proteins (cytochrome c, lysozyme, and protamine) was studied. It was established that lightly cross-linked polyacrylate gel is able to sorb proteins, carrying positive charge, within a wide range of pH and ionic strengths of the medium. As a result, an interpolymer complex forms in the gel phase, in which the protein species are connected by salt bonds to the regions of cross-linked sodium polyacrylate. The compositions of complexes and the number of salt bonds between carboxyl groups of the cross-linked polymer and amino groups of proteins were determined. The composition of complexes between cross-linked sodium polyacrylate and proteins is independent of the component ratio in the reaction mixture and corresponds to the composition of insoluble complexes formed between linear sodium polyacrylate and these proteins. The sorption of proteins occurs at the front of the propagating heterogeneous reaction, which accounts for the possibility to obtain layered compositions comprising charged polymer networks and proteins.


A review of some effects of Reynolds number on selected aerodynamic characteristics of two- and three-dimensional bodies of various cross sections in relation to fuselages at high angles of attack at subsonic and transonic speeds is presented. Emphasis is placed on the Reynolds number ranges above the subcritical and angles of attack where lee side vortex flow or unsteady wake type flows predominate. Lists of references, arranged in subject categories, are presented with emphasis on those which include data over a reasonable Reynolds number range. Selected Reynolds number data representative of various aerodynamic flows around bodies are presented and analyzed and some effects of these flows on fuselage aerodynamic parameters are discussed.


Identifying factors associated with depression among elderly population is important in order to improve their quality of life. A cross sectional study was conducted among elderly in three primary care clinics, Kuantan, Pahang in assessing the depression and its associated factors. The respondents were selected through convenient sampling and interviewed by using reconstruct standardized questionnaire which includes social-demographic background, medical illness, ability to perform basic activities of daily living (ADL), cognitive function and depression assessment. Out of 600 elderly that attended the clinics from 1st December 2006 to 31st January 2007, 182 (30.3%) respondents agreed to enroll in the study. The respondents comprised of Malay (93.4%), females (54.4%) and married (71.4%) elderly. Most of them were living with their family (92.3%), received formal education background (64.8%), had no past history of hospital admission (81.3%) and median income per capita of RM250 per month. Most respondents (90.7%) suffered from chronic illness, 19.8% were functional dependent (according to Barthel index), 15.4% had cognitive impairment (according ECAQ) and 17.0% had depression (according to GDS-14). The study revealed that depression were found significantly difference with increasing age, marital status, occupation, living arrangements, history of hospital admission and presence of cognitive impairment. These findings highlighted that high prevalence of elderly attended the primary care clinics have a depression that require greater in health intervention by healthcare professionals.


The reaction of Te4(SbF6)2 with W(CO)6 in SO2–AsF3 produces [W(CO)4(η3-Te3)][SbF6]2(1), which contains a three-membered tellurium ring co-ordinated in π fashion to the tungsten carbonyl fragment.


We investigated the growth and properties of Ga2O3 films on c-plane sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). Growth parameters generally affect the structure and properties of thin films. In growing Ga2O3 films on sapphire substrates by PAMBE, source flux and growth temperature are main key factors and the effects of those on growth behaviors, surface morphology, crystallinity, structural quality, and optical properties have been investigated by systematic experimental design using various characterization methods including reflection high energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscope, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy etc. The source flux, especially the Ga flux, strongly affected growth rate of Ga2O3 films by PAMBE, and the growth temperature strongly affected surface morphology and structural properties. The orientation relationship was determined to be β-Ga2O3 (-201) //Al2O3(0001) and β-Ga2O3[010]//Al2O3[1-100]. However, the (-201) β-Ga2O3 films were not single crystalline but showed three-fold in-plane symmetry with six rotational domain structures. The detailed rotational domain structures were investigated by transmission electron diffraction analysis. The smooth surface with the RMS value of 0.95 nm can be obtained at growth temperature of 800°C . All the grown (-201) β-Ga2O3 films are highly transparent and the optical bandgaps were 4.79-4.89 eV.


The invention relates to a bridge deck slab transverse unequal-strength steel-concrete combined bridge deck system and a construction method thereof and belongs to a novel bridge deck structure system applied to a large-span suspension bridge and a cable-stayed bridge. The combined bridge deck system comprises ultrahigh-performance concrete on the outer side of the bridge deck, common concrete on the inner side of the bridge deck and bridge deck steelwork, wherein the ultrahigh-performance concrete is paved within 1/8-1/4 of bridge width of the outer sides along the width direction of the bridge deck, and the common concrete is paved within the rest width range. The bridge deck steel structure adopts the bridge deck system commonly used in a flexible large-span bridge, such as a common flat steel box girder and a steel truss, and is connected to integrally and jointly bear force by antishear connectors or antishear connecting measures, therefore, stress level of the steelwork is lowered, integral rigidity of the bridge deck is improved and steel usage of the bridge deck is reduced. The advantages of a common combined bridge deck system and the high-performance concrete are integrated, and the bridge deck slab transverse unequal-strength steel-concrete combined bridge deck system has the advantages of high strength and rigidity, light dead weight, good anti-cracking performance and easy construction and the like and has wide application prospect in the field of the large-span bridge structure.


Human dignity is seen as the highest right in present-day society. International politics always refer to it without, however, defining it more closely. The two most important cultural-historical sources of human dignity are Christianity and the rational philosophy of modern times. Viewed judicially, human dignity plays a significant role for the first time in the 20th century. Today, the concept of human dignity is included in many constitutions all over the world. The way it has been brought into the German constitution in the years between 1948 and 1949 will be reconstructed in this article. In general, dignity is understood as an intrinsic value of humankind. However, there are serious doubts whether or not dignity even exists. But nevertheless, the idea of dignity remains meaningful as an ethic goal. Even today human dignity - at least in theory - stands for a life of self-respect without suffering, for a life in mutual recognition, political freedom, material security and social justice rather than an intrinsic, metaphysical characteristic.


This paper takes a look at the presidential primaries in the US, by providing the background and the different methods adopted by states in conducting the primaries. It has proceeded to highlight the importance of voter mobilization and the factors that play in voters' mobilization for a candidate to win in the primaries. Subsequently, it answers the question; what accounted for the success of Trump and Clinton in the presidential primaries of 2016? This question has been answered based on two hypotheses around the candidate's background and financial resources vis-à-vis success in primaries. It has employed both qualitative and quantitative data presented in tables and charts on the candidate's background, finances, and spending. Further, it has discussed the background in light of the candidate's familiarity with the voters' and the interaction with finances both in terms of the amount the candidates were able to raise from different sources, the timing of the spending, and value obtained from the expenditures. While giving implications on democracy and the low voter turnout that characterized this election, the paper has concluded that Trump's victory was majorly media-driven whereas, Clinton's victory drew much impetus from the party elites.


The US authorities announced in December 2014 an intention to normalize relations with Cuba, including measures to ease economic sanctions and the ban on US citizens' travel to Cuba. The impact of the easing of US travel restrictions against Cuba on the tourism sector of the OECS countries is potentially positive. The analysis was conducted in two steps. The Bank team first estimated the level of restrictiveness caused by the US travel restrictions on Cuban tourism performances; second, the team simulated, through a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, the impact of the removal of restrictions on Cuban tourism. The results show that all the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) countries would experience a reduction in arrivals from the United States, while the overall effect of the removal of the travel restrictions would not be negative. In fact, those that have many non-US tourists, will see a surge in these, as they are driven away from Cuba by the rising cost of tourism to Cuba by the rising tide of new American arrivals to that destination. The OECS, considered as a whole, would enjoy a modest increase in tourist arrivals following the removal of the US restrictions. Except for St. Kitts and Nevis and Anguilla, the overall effect is either negligible or significantly positive for the OECS countries that depend more on Canadian and other Caribbean countries for their tourism.


Software-Defined Networking (SDN) provides network administrators opportunities to control network devices more simply and easily than in traditional networking. However, heterogeneity in switch hardware, especially in forwarding pipeline architecture, renders the task of network application developers and network administrators tedious, by hampering portability across switch models. In this paper, we propose FlowConvertor, an algorithm capable of converting rules from any forwarding pipeline to any other different forwarding pipeline, as long as both pipelines offer compatible operations. More precisely, FlowConvertor is an online algorithm that operates on flow updates issued to the origin pipeline and computes the corresponding updates for the target pipeline in real time. Performance evaluation shows that the latency introduced by FlowConvertor on the path between the SDN controller and the target switch is of the order of 1ms in most cases, and is thus acceptable for practical deployment.


Salt stress is a common agricultural problem that affects both quantity and quality of fruit crops. Responses of rootstocks against salinity possess importance due to demonstrating stress tolerance. Little is known about the early responses of apple plants to short term salinity. In our study, we investigated the physiological responses of an apple plant cv Fuji grafted onto M9 and MM106 rootstocks against 35 mM NaCl stress. After 1 month, salt-treated plants exhibited decreased chlorophyll content (SPAD). Salt stress decreased stomatal conductance values of Fuji/M9 and Fuji/MM106 by 17.0 and 30.1%, respectively when compared with own control. Membrane permeability decreased by 21.3 and 22.0% in salt-treated Fuji/M9 and Fuji/MM106, respectively compared with own control. Reduction due to salt stress in SPAD value, stomatal conductance and leaf relative water content and increase in leaf temperature and membrane permeability were greater in Fuji/MM106 than in Fuji/M9, suggesting that under short term salinity toxic effects of  NaCl were less in Fuji/M9.


When speech is transmitted over a conventional pulsecode modulation carrier the connection between two subscribers on a digital basis is straightforward. However, techniques for digital conference arrangements are not well known. Implementation of a conference arrangement using traditional analog techniques requires elaborate hardware and use of analog-to-digital converters. This paper, after a brief discussion of existing conference arrangements, describes an instant speaker algorithm and the digital circuitry employed to implement this algorithm. During every time frame an "active speaker" sample is sought. The active speaker is identified by comparing each participant's digital sample during the following time frame. The active speaker sample is transmitted to all participants in the conferencing arrangement. A "last speaker" sample is transmitted to the active speaker. The conference circuit consists of 3 modules: comparison and gating module, active speaker memory module, and last speaker memory module. The implementation of these modules with conventional transistor-transistor logic digital circuits is discussed. Overall arrangement of this conference circuit in a local digital exchange is also explored. Some comments are made concerning "on-off" patterns found in normal conversation and their relationship to the instant speaker algorithm.


We present a wearable blood pressure wristband based on optical fiber probe with composite diaphragm. Clinical results show errors of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure are 0.24 ± 2.32 mmHg and 0.18 ± 2.48 mmHg.


A high-energy-resolution spectrometer featuring a quartz crystal analyzer is presented. The manuscript includes a step-by-step recipe for manufacturing the analyzer and a detailed ray-tracing analysis.


Southwest Egypt is an arid area with no surface water, but reasonable resources of useable groundwater in the well-known Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System. Currently, these groundwater reserves are being heavily exploited. A calibrated regional numerical model with grids refined on the major pumping centres has been used to investigate the hydrodynamic impacts of different groundwater management options on the potentiometry of the aquifers. The results indicate that there is a real threat of either dewatering the shallow aquifer in some areas (e.g. Kharga Oasis), or lowering of the water level to uneconomic lifting depths. It also indicates that although the planned extraction rates in Dakhla, Farafra, and Bahariya oases are feasible for at least the coming hundred years, the present extraction rate at Kharga Oasis, and the planned rate for the East Oweinat area have to be reduced substantially.


Abstract To bolster his consequence argument against David Lewis's rejoinder, Peter van Inwagen uses the concept of miracle. He claims that the Lewisian compatibilist must admit that under determinism, we possess the ability to work miracles par excellence, that is, not just in some purely technical sense of the term. The article argues that van Inwagen's definition of a 'miracle' is too broad even if it is interpreted merely as an explication of one component often thought to be inherent in the religious concept of miracle, namely the concept of an event that breaks the laws of nature. Nomological effects of miracles are not miracles themselves.


ORDIFEN's is the archetypal success story.Twelve years ago, Tai-wan businessman Wang Wenzong came to Beijing and set up a mainland branch of Ordifen on rented premises. A few years later, Ordifen had offices and factories in Beijing and Shanghai, and 20 branches in major Chinese cities. There are now 700 Ordifen sales outlets and innumerable Ordifen counters in majordepartment stores.


Thirty hybrids along with their parents (B and R lines) and standard checks viz., MTU 1001 and 27P63 were evaluated for grain yield and related traits to study combining ability and heterosis in rice. The mean performance of the hybrids for most of the characters was found higher than that of parents. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among lines, testers and hybrids for most of the characters studied. SCA variances were found lower than GCA variances for most of the characters and average degree of dominance was far from unity indicating the predominance of additive gene action for these traits. However, for effective bearing tillers and spikelet fertility the average degree of dominance was very near to unity inferring the predominance of non-additive genetic components for these traits. The gca effects revealed that the lines, RNR 25783 and RP 5980-109-12-9-27 had significant gca effects in desired direction for yield and yield attributing traits whereas the tester, CMS 59A was a good general combiner. SCA effects showed that the hybrid, JMS 13A × RNR 19361 was found to be good specific combiner for grain yield per plant and spikelet fertility. Similarly, the hybrids, CMS 59A × SYE 503-78-34-2, CMS 46A × WGL 347 and JMS 13A × RP 5980-109-12-9-27 were identified as good specific combiner for grain yield and yield contributing characters. Based on heterotic estimates, five hybrids viz., CMS 59A × RNR 25783, CMS 59A × WGL 14, JMS 13A × RNR 25783, CMS 59A × RNR 25776, JMS 13A × RP 5980-109-12-9-27 were identified as promising with more than 5% and 20% yield advantage over hybrid and varietal checks, respectively.


The floor of the bucket of the motor vehicle comprises a fixed central part (4a), an end member (4b) pivotally mounted between a position folded towards the front of the motor vehicle in the normal non-extended configuration bucket (3) and a position folded toward the rear of the motor vehicle in the extended configuration of the bed (3) of the motor vehicle and an additional element floor (4c) movable between a vertical position against a rear wall (2a) of the cab (2) of the motor vehicle and a folded position between the rear wall (2a) of the cabin and a front edge of the median member (4a) of the floor (4) in the extended and unextended respective positions of the container (3). The container (3) comprises doors (7, 7 ') mounted articulated about vertical axes on the fixed walls (6, 6') of the bucket and each comprising a first panel (7a, 7'a) articulated on the body (3) and a second panel (7b, 7'b) hinged to the first panel. The first and second panels (7a, 7'a, 7b, 7'b) folded one on the other form a transverse wall opening rear of the bucket (3) in the normal position. The first panels (7a, 7'a) of the doors (7, 7 ') are in the extended configuration of the bed (3) of the extensions of fixed walls (6, 6') of the bucket and the second panels (7b, 7'b) a transverse partition opening of the bucket (3) extended.


Object of the present invention is to provide a heat cycle characteristics and the like to improve the reliability and low cost production of composite lenses, the method of manufacturing the compound lens assembly includes a lens and the composite lens. A composite lens by the polymerization of the resin layer of the resin by ultraviolet rays is provided on at least a portion of the surface of the resin layer of the glass material of the base resin layer is completely cured and incompletely cured resin layer. May be formed outside the effective diameter of the lens is not fully cured resin layer, the degree of polymerization is preferably an incompletely cured resin layer is 60 to 90%.


When phenyl tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranosiduronic acid esters were coupled with a 1/1 mixture of alpha and beta 2,3 di-O-protected D-galactopyranosiduronic acid esters, the beta-anomer proved to be more reactive. Data from theoretical calculations suggested that the enhanced reactivity of this anomer compared with the alpha one would be due to a stronger hydrogen bond of the C-4 OH with the ring oxygen.


The hardware structure of grain moisture measuring instrument was developed on the basis of AT89C52 single-chip computer. Through demarcating sensor and corresponding regress manage, we can get relation between dielectric loss angle and grain moisture content. The measuring system can get grain moisture content by seeking table and calculating. The results of experiments show that the instrument has good repeatability and high precision.


Microsoft Project 2003 is a powerful and easy using software which can help user to plan,schedule and manage his project effectively.This paper presents a study of how to establish a schedule with restrained resources of a construction by using Project 2003.The methods and steps of optimization for "time-resource" are illustrated.


Of the three major proteins associated with the rabies virus membrane, only the glycoprotein was found to be located on the external surface of the virus membrane. Glycoprotein prepared by treatment of rabies virus with Triton X-Ioo and purified by isoelectric focusing was found to be homogeneous with respect to size and isoelectric point. This material, which is free of phospholipids, is able to protect in vaccination experiments against a lethal challenge infection with rabies virus. The apparent tool. wt. of this component isolated under non-denaturing conditions is approx. 4o00oo. The same material analysed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was found to consist solely of polypeptide chains of the G protein (mol. wt. 8oooo). A minor glycoprotein (gp 5o), detected by PAGE of the Triton X-too released material, appeared to be a breakdown product of the G-protein. Therefore the detergent released material represents homopolymers of the G-protein. Whether the antigenic determinants reside on the monomeric subunit or are a property of the polymeric form of the G-protein is discussed.


Angsi field, located 170 km offshore the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, consists of more than 20 reservoirs from I to K units in a water depth of 69 m. The major oil bearing reservoir I35, containing more than 60% of the STOOIP of the field, has been divided into three subunits I35U, I35M and I35L deposited in a depositional environment in a range from fluvial point bars to coastal plain. 3D and 4D seismic has been used to constrain a new 3D geocellular model to identify un-drained areas and support an EOR project. In this paper, the methodology followed to capture the seismic information into the static model is presented showing the impact of the approach used. Additionally, comparing this new model with the two previous existing static models, it is highlighted the implication of not using or capturing the seismic information while building the model.


Two studies evaluated linear and hierarchy+elision small‐screen display formats for clinical reasoning tasks. A controlled, quantitative study with 28 medically naive participants using a task abstracted from clinical use of laboratory results found that both display formats supported rapid and accurate decision making. Distribution of the search targets significantly affected speed, with decisions in linear format made 13% faster (4.7 sec) when all targets could be viewed on a single screen than when targets required scrolling between several screens and in hierarchical format 15% faster (5.1 sec) when all the targets were confined within one category. Performance was equivalent regardless of the relative order of the target results and data in the laboratory report. In a qualitative study, 7 physicians used the displays to perform a realistic diagnosis. Physicians were comfortable with both display formats, but preference varied with clinical experience. The 5 less experienced clinicians favored hierarchy+elision, whereas the 2 highly experienced clinicians tended to prefer the linear display.


Within a weU-conceived conceptual framework Hammond creates a vivid representation of the cultural life of Baroque Rome, and provides essential information regarding the source and administration of the Barberini famUy's revenues. Members of the dynasty are nicely differentiated in the short biographies of each, and a good genealogical chart aUows the reader to disentangle the confusion resulting from the frequently repeated Christian names of the clan, aU of which is necessary to understand the later rivahies among the papal nephews.


Discusses the computational problem about union of countable infinite of countably infinite sets. Through the analysis of the second power Cartesian product of natural number set N——N×N and the thirdpower Cartesian product of natural number set N——N×N×N,obtains the conclusion that they all have the bijective relation to natural number set N,it means that the set N×N and the set N×N×N are all countably infinite.Deduces the operational formula of the function between the third power Cartesian product of the natural number set N——N×N×N and N,and further researches into complex computation of countably infinite sets. In the end it points out that the union of countable infinite of countably infinite sets ( such as N×N×N×…, that is Nn) is also a countably infinite set.


A changing climate may bring about more precipitation but less snowfall to Northeastern North America. A decreased snowpack may impact soil freeze-thaw cycles. The objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of Freezing Degree Days (FDDs) and Thawing Degree Days (TDDs) as a surrogate for a direct measure of frost depth in soils in a temperate forest. Frost tubes were used as a direct measure of soil freezing depth. While a strong correlation is found linking total accumulated FDDs with soil freezing depths in areas free of snowpack, a better predictive tool is to relate soil freezing depth with the rate at which FDDs are accumulated (expressed as FDD/day). Accumulating FDDs at a rate of more than 4.0 FDD/day resulted in a growing freezing depth, while accumulations of less than 4.0 resulted in the thawing of the frozen soil. The degree-day approach was not successful in determining frost depths in the presence of a snowpack.


Hepatitis E virus( HEV) is a kind of RNA virus and can cause hepatitis E in humans. It is reported that livestock and poultry can be infected by HEV,which causes the contamination of the liver,muscles. HEV can also contaminate water. HEV can infect humans by contaminated food or water. The inhabitants will suffer from Hepatitis E when they have foods which are not heated thoroughly or drink dirty water,and the HEV genetype in the serum is similar to that in the contaminated food or water.


Nineteen patients with stages II B-IV of Hodgkin's disease were treated with a combination of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, and prednisolone (CVPP regimen), given in a 3 week intervals for 3 months. Eighteen patients were available for responses. A complete remission (CR) was obtained in 9 (50%) out of 18 patients. The median duration of CR and relapse-free survival were 7 months and 26+ months, respectively. Hematologic toxicity was mild, although occasionally cumulative for aged patients and for previously treated patients. Other toxicities such as alopecia and neurotoxicity were troublesome but reversible. Thus, a further study by modification of the regimen warranted to improve the response rate and relapse-free survival.


The Kitaev model, characterized by bond-dependent Ising spin interactions among spin-orbit entangled dipole moments in Mott insulators, offered a new approach to quantum spin liquids. Motivated by another type of bond-dependent interaction among quadrupole moments in $5d^2$ Mott insulators, we provide a microscopic route to uncover the Kitaev multipolar liquid, featuring fractionalized excitations out of non-Kramers doublets carrying multipole moments. The key ingredient is the magnetic field that allows for bond-anisotropic quadrupole-octupole interactions via mixing with the excited triplet states. The conditions to realize signatures of this phase in real materials are also discussed.


The tineas are frequent in poor countries, especially in the tropics, where they are promoted by the hot climate and by promiscuity. One characteristic of the disease is alopecia, which can be distressing for patients and their relations and adversely affect their quality of life. In the majority of cases it is children who are affected. However, tinea is increasingly reported in adults, promoted by many factors. The aim of our study was to explore the epidemiologic profile of tinea in Senegal.


Open-source software (OSS) is a utility to empower the non-elite individuals and institutions to manage knowledge and develop low cost virtual libraries. It is an attempt to keep the software market away from monopolies and enable the non-elite institutions to build sustainable institutional repositories. Though OSS has made profound impact in the public domain worldwide, yet there is an urgent need to sensitize the stakeholders in India to enable them to learn about the benefits of open-source software and promote the concept and practice behind the movement. Only this way we can ensure diversity, equity, quality and equality, and flexibility in our products and services. Raising awareness among the non-elite about the open-source software is essential for managing knowledge and developing an egalitarian society. Open-source software has the potential to contain the twin perils of digital divide and digital determinism. Institutional repositories


(57). F. makes a nod towards the black sheep character of Lendon's contribution, but suggests that it is a defence of history as a 'literature of truth' (8). The abrasive, even bombastic, tone of Lendon's chapter gives voice to a latent anxiety and defensiveness seen elsewhere in the volume that understanding the literary character of historical texts somehow spoils their use as historical sources: Vout, when referring to the canal-cutting topos associated with 'ambitious autocrats', goes on to say that 'the danger of such a discovery is to imply that these historians are novelists, free to esh out the tradition with suitable ctions' (263). She offers no possible escape from this particular danger. Some comfort for these anxieties can be found by adopting Connolly's perspective: 'The Latin historiographical narrative is shaped by its custodial relationship to collective memory and its didactic role in shaping contemporary political practice' (183). In sum, history's power is derived from the acceptance of its accuracy by the community. For all F.'s introduction emphasizes 'written history', the contributors to the volume seems highly sensitized to the interaction between material culture, especially the monumental landscape, and the production of literary history. Flower's chapter, 'Alternatives to Written History in Republican Rome' provides a didactic survey which celebrates the dynamic nature of memory traditions, especially within families. Roller supplies concrete and insightful examples of the use of the Roman civic landscape as an evolving record of the past; see, especially his discussion of Duilius' and Augustus' monuments (221–3). Vout, in her fully illustrated chapter 'Representing the Emperor', reverses the idea of texts being used to decode image, and suggests we are better placed to allow the images to inform our reading of the historians. For all Riggsby's chapter on 'Space' does not directly touch on archaeological artifacts, its reading of the use of the Forum Romanorum, particularly in Cato's speech (163), can provide valuable insights on ancient perceptions for those concerned with the city as a site of memory. The rhetorical value of monuments in the historical texts themselves is explored in Dillery's treatment of Cato's characterization of Leonidas (96–7). Besides Roller's and Gowing's chapters which are both dedicated specically to exempla in historiography, nearly every other contributor at least touches on the exemplary tradition. Marincola asks if women as exempla can be taken as evidence that women read history (15). Gotter untangles Cato's complicated relationship with the exemplary tradition in his writing and the reception of his own career (116). Davies considers how the exemplary tradition allows gods to be active characters in the historical narrative (173), but also observes a tension between a history based on the cycles of fate and one in which the individual might provide an exemplum for emulation (176). Both Connolly and Gowing emphasize that exempla in the Latin tradition convey political lessons not just moral concepts (187, 334–5). Gowing's emphasis on the enduring inuence of Litcheld's 1914 article in this context is well warranted. In addition to these large thematic connections, there are many points in the companion where cross-referencing would have been advantageous to allow the casual reader to nd related material. Kelly's chapter on Ammianus Marcellinus can be read as an exemplary counterpoint to O'Gorman's 'Intertexuality and Historiography'. Fontana's chapter on early modern political theory is most productively read against Connolly's 'Virtue and Violence: The Historians on Politics'. Vasaly and O'Gorman both discuss arch villains and Davies' discussion of time (175) adds to Feeney's longer treatment. However, these interconnections do demonstrate the success Feldherr has had in selecting contributors who well represent the current scholarly trends and thus the volume well serves both newcomers to the eld and those engaged in university instruction.


FUN AND INTERACTIVE SMARTPHONE APPLICATION WHICH EDUCATES USERS IN BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TEMPERMENT TYPES - Fun, Educational, Psychology, Smartphone Application


Hybrid integration of advanced CMOS electronics and a high-performing silicon photonics platform, combined with wafer-scale testing and assembly processes have enabled delivery of low-cost, low-power, high-performance, high-volume optical transceivers. In this paper, we will discuss the aspects of each of these factors that have been critical in achieving this success. In particular, we will focus on the silicon photonics process, device library and design kit, the innovative solutions for wafer-level testing and assembly of the optical transceivers, and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of monolithic and hybrid electronics–photonics integration and the impact on the roadmap of future optical transceivers.


Many existing performance analysis tools lack the flexibility to control instrumentation and performance measurement for code regions and performance metrics of interest. Performance analysis is commonly restricted to single experiments.


The achievements of breeding new varieties of herbage plant as well as stock raising by planting fodder grass in the past 20 years in Ya'an were summarized in this paper.In addition,the weakness of the ecological project of grass industry was pointed out.On this basis,the conveyance technology,macro countermeasures and practicable measures to stock raising and planting fodder grass were advanced.


Accurate analysis of the homogeneous strain of ellipsoidal objects requires that certain premises are met. These are (1) coaxiality of strain increments, (2) accurate definition of finite strain axes, and (3) perfectly passive behaviour of the objects with respect to the matrix. The equations provide a mathematical model for this idealized scenario.In practice the analysis is limited to data from plane surfaces, and its success depends upon the type of initial fabric of the objects, the frequency distribution of their initial shapes, and errors of measurement of the final shapes (Rf1/2) and of final orientations . Together with the difficulty in locating the finite strain axes, these factors greatly affect the outcome of the analysis, and their combined effects have not been studied previously.Detailed observations on the orientations of strain and of the orientation–distribution of the objects' long axes sometimes indicate that the model is incompatible with the data. Strain analysis is then not possible...


The thermo-impact stress on the thermo-carrier equipment is calculated in this article, which leads to trouble-shooting of jacket breach. On the other hand, based on the analysis of piping thermo-stress, the key points in the design of piping and the solving methods of the piping thermo-expand are also obtained.


Purpose To develop simple, reproducible and animal‐materials free method for cultivating and differentiating human limbal stem cells (LSCs) into corneal epithelium on human lens capsule (LC) for clinical transplantation.


T iS a familiar fact that, whilst the number of spores in the megasporangia of most species of Selaginella is normally four, some degree of variation occurs. Recently Duerden (1) has brought together the records of such variation and extended these by systematic observations on a number of species. As a result of his investigations he records increase in megaspore numbers in five species, reduction in spore numbers in six species, and inequality of spore size in seventeen species. It will be obvious that data of so complete a character are not available in the case of fossil lycopods, but an examination of the megasporangia of Bothrodendron mundum in the Williamson and Scott Collections' and in that of University College, Nottingham, has shown that some variation exists in this species also. The megasporangia of B. mundum, like those of Selaginella, normally contain four equal spores and isolated spores are common obj ects in sections of coal-balls. These spores are approximately isodiametric with three large flattened facets marking the area of contact with the remaining spores of the tetrad. The point of junction of the three facets is prolonged into a relatively large hollow beak which is somewhat pear-shaped with the narrow end forming the point of attachment to the spore. The wall of that part of the spore which is not in the area of contact with its fellows is rounded. The exine is extremrely thick and is provided with numerous spines which bifurcate distally and may fork two or three times. In some specimens the intine and megaspore membrane may also be detected. Intact sporangia are less common, whilst sections of strobili are rare and, where known, are somewhat crushed. The more complete specimens have been described by Watson(9) and a figure of an isolated megasporangium is given in Scott's Studies( (6), p. i8i). The examples recorded in the present paper show considerable variety and will be described separately.


Due to the increasingly wider uses and capabilities of high-performance concrete (HPC), both in civil and underground construction, and the use of numeric methods in the process of designing, it seems appropriate to determine the exact deformational properties of the HPC. The stress-strain relations in concrete are of great signi cance in the design process and the method of determination depends on many factors, such as: the rate of stress, number of load cycles, the age of concrete since the moment of its production, load duration temperature and environment humidity changes. Another signi cant factor seems to be the size of the specimens, used to determine these relations. Those speci cation particularly concern HPC which, due to its modi ed formulas, may behave in a different way to regular concretes. Strength tests of HPC specimens in the standard size i.e. 150×300 mm, may present a problem, because the maximum specimen load may reach up to 4000 kN. Many research units do not possess testing machines of such capability and usually the pressure allowed should not exceed 80% of the machine's permissible load. It seems thus appropriate to determine the possibility of conducting strength tests using smaller specimens and to determine the inuence of specimen size on the strength and deformation parameters obtained. According to Neville [11], as far as HPC is concerned, 100×200 mm cylindrical specimens, or a 100 mm regular cube would be fully satisfactory, assuming that in HPC, the maximum aggregate size does not usually exceed 12.0 mm. The authors of the following paper have assessed the strength and deformation parameters of HPC using even smaller specimens, i.e. 55×110 mm. High performance concretes are produced using traditional methods both by manufacturing companies, as well as directly at the building site. Their production involves traditional


These savageries pass as much in the outside world as in India under the name of communal trouble or Hindu-Muslim rioting. But these expressions have become the cliches of a stale journalese, which convey no real sensation of the phenomenon they purport to describe. Nor am I able to suggest a better alternative. I have weighed nearly all the words and phrases which the murderous ferocity of man, as distinct from his warlike ferocity, has contributed to the vocabulary of European peoples: massacre, pogrom, lynching, fusillade, noyade, St Bartholomew, Sicilian Vespers, Bloodbath of Stockholm, Bulgarian atrocities, Armenian massacres, Belsen, genocide, etc., etc., but find all of them inadequate. Their vividness has worn off. Instead of evoking horror, they would rather throw a veil of historical respectability on spectacles of mass murder, rotting corpses, gutters choked with human bodies emitting stomach-turning stench.


The invention belongs to the technical field of composite medicine materials as well as a preparation method and application thereof, more particularly discloses a nanoparticle for embedding medicinal Adriamycin. The nanoparticle has a core-shell type structure with an inner core embedded by an outer shell, wherein the inner core is embedded medicinal adriamycin, and the material for the outer shell is silicon dioxide; and the preparation method of the nanoparticle comprises the following steps of: evenly mixing cyclohexane, a surfactant and n-hexylalcohol, adding a sodium fluoride solution into the mixed solution after being evenly mixed to form a reverse-phase microemulsion; adding adriamycin and tetraethoxysilane into the reverse-phase microemulsion, and reacting to obtain a nanoparticle microemulsion system for embedding the adriamycin; adding a silylanization reagent containing functional groups into the microemulsion system, stirring for reacting, adding ethanol and demulsifying, centrifuging and then preparing the nanoparticle for embedding the medicinal adriamycin and modifying the functional groups. The nanoparticle embedding for the adriamycin has good stability, good biocompatibility, long slow-release time, large drug-loading rate, high medicine packaging rate, and the like, and has application prospect in the fields of tumor imaging and treatment.


Stimulated emission has now been observed from twelve lanthanide ions and one actinide ion. Host media have included crystalline and amorphous solids, metallo-organic and inorganic aprotic liquids, and metal and molecular vapors. Laser action spans a spectral range from approximately 0.3 to 4.0 ..mu..m and involves electronic and phonon-assisted 4f-4f, 5d-4f, and 5f-5f transitions. The lanthanides have enjoyed their greatest utilization in optically-pumped solid-state lasers; sizes range from thin films and small fibers for integrated optics applications to large rods and disks in high-power glass lasers for fusion experiments. The spectroscopic properties which distinguish the operation of lanthanide and actinide lasers in various hosts are reviewed. Recent results and possible future directions to exploit the unique characteristics of lanthanide and actinide elements for lasers are also discussed. 120 references, 7 figures, 4 tables.


We provide a quantitative evaluation of the aggregate and distributional impact of microfinance or credit programs targeted toward small businesses. We find that the redistributive impact of microfinance is stronger in general equilibrium than in partial equilibrium, but the impact on aggregate output and capital is smaller in general equilibrium. Aggregate total factor productivity (TFP) increases with microfinance in general equilibrium but decreases in partial equilibrium. When general equilibrium effects are accounted for, scaling up the microfinance program will have only a small impact on per-capita income, because the increase in TFP is counterbalanced by lower capital accumulation resulting from the redistribution of income from high-savers to low-savers. Nevertheless, the vast majority of the population will be positively affected by microfinance through the increase in equilibrium wages. Francisco J. Buera Department of Economics University of California, Los Angeles 8283 Bunche Hall Office 8357 Mail Stop: 147703 Los Angeles, CA 90095 and NBER firstname.lastname@example.com Joseph P. Kaboski Department of Economics and Econometrics University of Notre Dame 434 Flanner Hall Notre Dame, IN 46556 and NBER email@example.com Yongseok Shin Department of Economics Washington University in St. Louis 1 Brookings Dr Saint Louis, MO 63130 firstname.lastname@example.com Over the past several decades, microfinance—i.e., credit targeted toward small-scale entrepreneurial activities of the poor who may otherwise lack access to financing—has become a pillar of economic development policies. In recent years, there has been a concerted effort to expand such programs with the goal of alleviating poverty and promoting development. Between 1997 and 2006, access to microfinance grew by up to 29 percent a year, reaching a scale at which macroeconomic considerations become relevant. The Microcredit Summit Campaign as of 2010 reports 3,552 institutions serving 155 million borrowers, which including borrowers and their households affect 533 million people, roughly the size of Latin America. For various countries, microfinance loans represent a significant fraction of their GDP. Despite the growth and prevalence of microfinance and its importance in academic and policy circles, quantitative analyses of these programs are almost exclusively limited to microevaluations. The macroeconomic effects of economy-wide microfinance have been largely unexplored. This paper is an attempt to fill that void by providing a quantitative assessment of the potential impact of economy-wide microfinance availability, with particular attention to general equilibrium (GE) effects. We find that the typical microfinance program, when made widely available in an economy, can have significant aggregate and distributional impacts, and that the GE effects through wages and interest rates are quantitatively important. In partial equilibrium (PE), microfinance induces a high rate of entry among marginally productive entrepreneurs, increasing the capital/labor demand and output, but lowering the aggregate total factor productivity (TFP). In GE, however, the increase in wage that results from marginal entrepreneurs selecting out of the labor supply—and demanding labor instead—has strikingly different impacts on output, capital, and TFP. In redistributing income away from individuals with high saving rates (high-ability entrepreneurs) to those with low saving rates (marginal entrepreneurs and workers), microfinance leads to lower aggregate saving and capital accumulation. Higher wages and interest rates also lead low-productivity entrepreneurs to exit, and TFP actually increases with microfinance in contrast to the PE result. In net, the lower capital accumulation and higher TFP lead to positive overall impacts on consumption and output, but the magnitudes are substantially smaller than in PE. The United Nations, in declaring 2005 as the International Year of Microcredit, called on a commitment to scaling up microfinance at regional and national levels in order to achieve their Millenium Development Goals. The scaling up of microfinance is usually understood as the expansion of programs providing small loans to reach all the poor population, as opposed to increasing the average size of loans. Examples are Bangladesh (0.03), Bolivia (0.09), Kenya (0.03), and Nicaragua (0.1), as calculated using loan data from the Microfinance Information Exchange and domestic price GDP from the Penn World Tables. We note two important exceptions. Ahlin and Jiang (2008), using the model of Banerjee and Newman (1993), derive the theoretical conditions under which microfinance can lead to aggregate development. Kaboski and Townsend (2012) use reduced-form methods to estimate the general equilibrium effects of village banks on wages and interest rates within the village.


A fourth-order shock-capturing scheme has been developed for steady-state and time-accurate simulation of chemically reacting flows with finite rate chemical kinetics. A diagonal algorithm and a local implicit technique are presented to remove the stiffness of chemical reaction and to achieve high computation efficiency. A fully implicit code is obtained by combining the present algorithm with the lower-upper scheme. The validity of this code is demonstrated by calculating the unsteady shocks in an inviscid supersonic duct and by comparing the results with the previous calculation. Then the code is used to calculate the ignition of a premixed hydrogen/air reacting flow in a ramped duct and nonpremixed hydrogen/air streams as well as nonpremixed methane/air streams in a supersonic mixing layer. The efficiency and robustness of the present scheme are shown through these numerical simulations.


Multi-calibration is a powerful and evolving concept originating in the field of algorithmic fairness. For a predictor $f$ that estimates the outcome $y$ given covariates $x$, and for a function class $\mathcal{C}$, multi-calibration requires that the predictor $f(x)$ and outcome $y$ are indistinguishable under the class of auditors in $\mathcal{C}$. Fairness is captured by incorporating demographic subgroups into the class of functions~$\mathcal{C}$. Recent work has shown that, by enriching the class $\mathcal{C}$ to incorporate appropriate propensity re-weighting functions, multi-calibration also yields target-independent learning, wherein a model trained on a source domain performs well on unseen, future, target domains(approximately) captured by the re-weightings. Formally, multi-calibration with respect to $\mathcal{C}$ bounds $\big|\mathbb{E}_{(x,y)\sim \mathcal{D}}[c(f(x),x)\cdot(f(x)-y)]\big|$ for all $c \in \mathcal{C}$. In this work, we view the term $(f(x)-y)$ as just one specific mapping, and explore the power of an enriched class of mappings. We propose \textit{HappyMap}, a generalization of multi-calibration, which yields a wide range of new applications, including a new fairness notion for uncertainty quantification (conformal prediction), a novel technique for conformal prediction under covariate shift, and a different approach to analyzing missing data, while also yielding a unified understanding of several existing seemingly disparate algorithmic fairness notions and target-independent learning approaches. We give a single \textit{HappyMap} meta-algorithm that captures all these results, together with a sufficiency condition for its success.


Objective To evaluate the effect of 131 iodine(131I) therapy in medium and large goiter with hyperthyroidism in order to investigate the influence of pretreatment with antithyroid drugs (ATD) methimazole(MMI) and propylthiouracide (PTU) on 131I therapy.Methods A total of 338 hyperthyroidism patients (136 cases for male,202 cases for female) with thyroid mass greater than 40 grams were treated with 131I in the People's Hospital of Sichuan Province.Thyroid function,thyroid 131I uptake ratio and thyroid imaging were measured before treatment were measured 1-3 months later after administration of 131I,and they were followed up for 6 months to 4 years.Results There were statistical difference between pretreatment and 3 months later of 131I therapy in terms of free triiodothyronine (FT3),(Free thyroxine) FT4.The level of FT3 decreased from (31.9 ± 16.2) pmol/L to (7.8 ±8.5) pmol/L(t =23.9,P =0.000) and level of FT4 decreased from (58.8 ± 22.2) pmol/L to (19.4 ± 16.9) pmol/L(t =25.4,P =0.000).Among 338 patients,109 patients (32.2%) were developed hypothyroidism,and 91 patients (26.9%) were cured,91patients (26.9%) with improved state,20 patients(5.9%) with ineffective and 27 patients(8.0%) with relapse after administration of 131I.The total effective rate was 94.1% (318/338).Thyroid weight,levels of FT3,FT4,thyroglobulin antibody(TGA),thyroid microsomal antibody(MCA) in effective group were (49.8 ± 9.97) g,(32.5 ± 16.3) pmol/L,(59.5 ± 22.2) pmol/L,(43.6 ± 35.3) %,(30.1 ± 22.6) % respectively,and were (56.9±15.7) g,(22.8 ± 12.8) pmol/L,(47.9 ±20.3) pmol/L,(22.8±30.0)%,(15.3 ±20.5)% respectively in ineffective group.There were statistically significant differences between the ineffective group and effective group (t =2.932,2.602,2.287,2.501,2.766 ; P =0.000,0.010,0.023,0.013,0.006).Logistic regression analysis was showed that weight of thyroid and serum FT3 were the most important factors in affecting 1131 therapy.Conclusion 131 I therapy for medium and large-sized goiter with hyperthyroidism is safe and effective.ATD may not reduce the effectiveness of subsequent 131I of hyperthyroidism.Thyroid weight and FT3 are the key influential factors in affecting 131I.

Key words:
Graves hyperthyroidism;  131I therapy;  Anti-thyroid drugs;  Goiter


This article interprets Wolfhart Pannenberg's ecclesiology through a postfoundational framework. Pannenberg's postfoundational theological methodology, based around the centrality of sub ratione Dei, is a dialectical relationship between the 'from below' movement of context ('true infinite') and the 'from above' movement of universal truth (Trinity) which reflects the differentiation-in-unity found in the immanent and economic Trinity. Accordingly, this article argues, Pannenberg's ecclesiology, including his understanding of church essence (its role in creation and its constitutive members) and its activities (baptism, Eucharist, ministry) displays postfoundational relations between the particular and the universal bridging the divide between the secular and the sacred, the past, present, and future, and individual and community. In the discussion, concepts such as Christ's 'person,' 'transignification,' Christocentric election, and social trinitarianism are used to move the discussion past modern dualism and postmodern relativism and toward postfoundational relationality.