While the canonical behavior of today's home Internet users involves several residents concurrently executing diverse Internet applications, the most common home configuration is a single external connection into a wireless access point (AP) that promises to provide concurrent high-bandwidth Internet access for multiple hosts through a wireless local area network (WLAN). Recent research has attempted to assess the performance impact of hosts with weak wireless connectivity upon the other WLAN hosts by employing measurement studies or analytic models that focus primarily on wireless channel characteristics. This paper examines the intertwined effects on performance of the user applications, the network protocol and the wireless channel characteristics via carefully designed experiments that leverage previously developed network measurement tools. The study provides empirical evidence that suggests the overall performance of a WLAN is not only determined by the individual wireless channel qualities associated with each host, but also by the interaction of the various network layers with respect to transmission contention, queuing at the access point, transport protocol, and behavior of the specific applications. These results imply that effective WLAN performance modeling needs to include details on multiple network layers.


Accompanying a major retrospective exhibition opening at The Museum of Modern Art and travelling until 1991, this is a publication of White's work using the artist's extensive personal archive bequeathed to Princeton University on his death.


1 External influences on business risk management: beyond the state 1 External influences on business risk management: economic and civil 2 Management of food safety and food hygiene risks 3 State regulators 4 Environmental Health Officers 5 Food Standards Agency 7 Non-state regulators 8 Consumers 8 The media 9 Insurance companies 10 Lawyers 11 Pressure groups/NGOs 12 Private consultancy firms 12 Trade associations 13 Discussion 15 Knowledge of state regulation 15 Knowledge of non-state influences 16 Variability 18 Conclusion 19 References 21 The support of the Michael Peacock Charitable Foundation and the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) is gratefully acknowledged. The work was part of the programme of the ESRC Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation. Published by the Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation at the London School of Economics and Political Science Houghton Street London WC2A 2AE UK © London School of Economics and Political Science, 2006


In this paper, laser ultrasonic testing s used for inspection of an aluminum test piece. By irradiation of a Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser on a free surface of the sample, longitudinal, shear and surface waves are generated in the material. Laser energies of 57 mJ and pulse duration of 10 ns are used for generating the ultrasonic pulses. The receiver is a piezoelectric transducer. A finite element model (FEM) is also developed for this experiment. Considering the nature of ultrasonic waves generated by a laser beam which includes simultaneous interaction of thermal and mechanical stresses, the FEM model incorporates a coupled temperature-displacement system. The results of the FEM model and experimental measurements are in good agreement. The developed FEM model can be used for studying the effect of variations of parameters of the laser in ultrasonic tests.


Purpose – Research findings claim that indicators, representing high-quality exchanges between leaders and followers, are important predictors of organizational effectiveness. There is scarce evidence related to the role of these indicators in student achievement. The purpose of this paper is to test a hypothesized model including three important high-quality exchange indicators. Design/methodology/approach – Totally, 449 teachers from 166 elementary schools in Tehran provided data on trust in principal and procedural justice and 166 principals provided data on organizational citizenship behavior of teachers. Student achievement was calculated by averaging grade five students' scores on district examinations in science and math. Data were collected in each school during regularly scheduled meetings and were analyzed using correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings – The hypothesized model has an adequate fit to observed data, supporting the argument that principal-teacher high-quality...


This has created a nexus where people from almost all walks of life have started forming group to do white collar crimes and being protected by professionals in law .This has led to a situation  where the small timers have become white collar criminals. Talking about the prevalence of white collar crimes in India, they are spreading like a rapid fire in every sphere of society. Though corruption, one of the species of white collar crimes, has been the most talked about issue in all spheres-social, economic and political, not much stringent steps/actions have been taken to curb this menace. Therefore the concern of this paper is to define white collar crime, think about improvement and define conditional answers for annihilating the issue.


In recent years, several open-source projects have shown potential to serve a future technology commons for EDA and design prototyping. This paper examines how open-source and proprietary EDA technologies will inevitably take on complementary roles within a future technology commons. Proprietary EDA technologies offer numerous benefits that will endure, including (i) exceptional technology and engineering; (ii) ever-increasing importance in design-based equivalent scaling and the overall semiconductor value chain; and (iii) well-established commercial and partner relationships. On the other hand, proprietary EDA technologies face challenges that will also endure, including (i) inability to pursue directions such as massive leverage of cloud compute, extreme reduction of turnaround times, or "free tools"; and (ii) difficulty in evolving and addressing new applications and markets. By contrast, open-source EDA technologies offer benefits that include (i) the capability to serve as a friction-free, democratized platform for education and future workforce development (i.e., as a platform for EDA research, and as a means of teaching / training both designers and EDA developers with public code); and (ii) addressing the needs of underserved, non-enterprise account markets (e.g., older nodes, research flows, cost-sensitive IoT, new devices and integrations, system-design-technology pathfinding). This said, open-source will always face challenges such as sustainability, governance, and how to achieve critical mass and critical quality. The paper will conclude with key directions and synergies for open-source and proprietary EDA within an EDA Commons for education and prototyping.


With the scaling down of semiconductor devices to the nanometer range, physical failure analysis (PFA) has become more challenging especially on short failures that involved metal layers vertically. In the past, we have reported a few vertically short failure analysis techniques on the product under new process development, and new technology node [1]. Vertical short in Back-End-of-Line (BEOL) on a new product, new process and technology underdevelopment is more frequent than a mature production device. In this paper, we will discuss failure analysis (FA) on different types of vertical short failures that happened in a production wafer.


Palabras claves: respuesta innata, inflamacion, anticuerpos, leucocitos, quimioquinas. Abstract Activation of innate and specific immune responses in hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)- patients. The central role of the immune system is the preservation of the health against several pathogenic microbes and injury agents. However, on special conditions defensive mechanisms triggered towards the foreign agent can damage the host. Clinical and experimental evidence indicate that inflammatory reaction triggered by the main components of Shiga toxin (Stx)- producing Escherichia coli (STEC), participate in the evolution to the complete form of HUS. When children are diagnosed of HUS, they present evidence that have suffered a very strong and early inflammatory response. These features include: the presence of a marked neu- trophilia, the polymorfonuclear leucocytes (PMN) are "deactivated or exhausted" and the monocytes are differ- entiated towards an inflammatory phenotype (CD14-reduced and CD16-enhanced membrane expression). In addition, HUS-patients show a marked reduction in the absolute and relative number of leucocytes carrying the receptor (CX 3 CR1) for the chemokine "Fractalkine" (FKN, CX 3 CL1), which are the classic monocytes and Natu- ral Killer cells (NK). All these cells express a high cytotoxic potencial. The chemokine FKN is expressed in en- dothelial and epithelial renal cells, and is involved in the pathogenic mechanism of different nephropathies. Note- worthy, we found a significant correlation between the severity of the renal damage (as days of anuria) and the alterations described above. Finally, the protective role of specific immune response, mainly through the anti- body production with Stx-neutralizing capacity, is discussed.


Abstract : A computer automated technique suitable for evaluating micro pulsed plasma thruster (micro PPT) performance has been constructed and validated in the micro-Newton (micro N) force range. A swinging gate pendulum architecture oscillates with an 8 second period. Force is applied resonantly with oscillation each half period. The calibration method utilizes an electromagnet to pick up and drop masses to apply a known force in the same resonant fashion as thruster operation. The resulting equilibrium amplitudes are linearly proportional to the applied force with an intercept near zero. Thrust measurements are insensitive to short term random vibrational noise because of the resonant operation and are insensitive to long term drift because the amplitude measurements are relative, rather than absolute. The system is capable of resolving 0.5 micro N over the range of 1 to 100 micro N.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A ROBOTIC DEVICE HANDLING AND BENDING SHEET METAL INSTALLATION INCORPORATING. HANDLING THE DEVICE 5 A ONE ARM FEATURES A UNIQUE TAKE 15 FOR FIXING A BODY SHEET METAL 2 THE KIND EITHER COPLANAR PLAN MAKING pASSING THROUGH THE MAKING BODY 15, WHICH IS SUPPORTED ON HEAD 16 SO AS TO TURN AROUND TWO AREAS PERPENDICULARS A, B, BY A FIRST ELEMENT 31 ROTATING AROUND A FIRST AXIS PERPENDICULAR TO PLAN MAKING AND BODY WHICH MAKING 15 IS FIXED DIRECTLY AND A SECOND ELEMENT 32 ROTATING AROUND A SECOND LINE PARALLEL TO PLAN B CATCH AND sUPPORTING THE FIRST ELEMENT 16 31. HEAD MAY mOVE THE THREE LONG Cartesian axes X, Y, Z BY AN ARM 24, WITHOUT CHANGING THE POSITION OF SECOND LINE B. CRINTAGE APPLICATION TO A PRESS AND FACILITIES INTEGRATED DEVICE HANDLING.


The invention discloses a black locust plant acaricide, a preparation method and an application of the black locust plant acaricide, wherein the acaricide comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-40% of black locust branch extract, 10-40% of black locust stem extract, 5-35% of black locust leaf extract, 5-35% of black locust flower extract and 20-60% of distilled water; the black locust branch extract, the black locust stem extract, the black locust leaf extract and the black locust flower extract are extractum obtained by steps of grinding black locust branches, stems, leaves and flowers after being dried and then performing decompressing concentration. The black locust plant acaricide has high control efficiency for Tetranychus cinnabarinus, can be directly used for preventing and treating the insects, has the advantages of harmlessness, no pollution and no residual toxins, and avoids the damage of chemical pesticide.


The environment and the set of environmental factors that surround us can have a great influence on the perceived sense of well-being. However, there are few studies that jointly analyze the influence of a selection of factors for the conformation of environments that favor well-being, especially in young adults (under 40 years of age) in active employment. It is in this context that the present research arises, whose objective is to determine the influence that a set of eight selected factors has on the emotional well-being of a selection of people in their work environment.
For this purpose, a set of 15 experiments are carried out, using collections of images to assess the emotional interpretation of each individual under the influence of the conditions of their environment, processing and analyzing the data obtained by means of Soft Computing techniques.
The analysis carried out indicates that lighting and room temperature are the most influential factors in emotional well-being. On the second level, the availability of food/drink is relatively decisive. This knowledge can be used for the design of work environments capable of favouring emotional well-being and consequently work productivity.


We study the performance of caching schemes based on two different coding techniques. A heterogeneous network is assumed, in which cache-aided relays are connected through a backhaul link to a primary node while no connection exits between users and the primary node. The first caching scheme considers to fill the cache with encoded content while the second scheme considers to encode the content during the delivery phase. We compare the schemes by characterizing the average transmission load when users ask for downloading content to the network. We provide an approximation of the expression of the average load which allows a fast evaluation of the network behavior for each scheme considered. We further assume a constraint on the capacity of the backhaul link and derive the expression of the outage probability, i.e. the probability that the system is not able to serve the entire set of users demands. Finally, we examine and discuss how the derived analysis of a two relays scenario can be scaled to study the performance of a network with a generic number of relays.


Canada's alliance relationships, NATO and NORAD, constitute nearly the sum total of Canadian defense policy. In addition to providing national security through collective Western defense, these alliances have been viewed in Canada as affording Ottawa a seat at the table, where important issues of international security and U.S.Soviet relations are discussed. While enjoying this access, Canada has, nonetheless, been concerned about the overwhelming U.S. influence over its defense policy. For the Canadian military, the problem has been obtaining adequate funding for the Allied commitments made by the government. The 1987 White Paper on defense promised sufficient resources, but recent budget cuts have cast serious doubt on Canada's future role in its alliances and on Ottawa's ability to make use of its seat in Allied councils.


The classical pharmacokinetic approach of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is based on the measurement of drug concentrations in biological fluids to assess whether they correlate with the patients' clinical condition and whether dosage or dosage intervals need to be changed. Very recently, the Immunosuppressive Drug Scientific Committee of the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology has classified TDM as multidisciplinary clinical specialty aimed at improving patient care by individually adjusting the dose of a drug [1]. TDM of an immunosuppressive drug is reasonable when


The aim of this paper is to develop a plug-in for Rhino3d software's parametric toolbox grasshopper and a parametric tool for generating B-screw propeller. The tool will provide us with 3d geometry and various characteristic curves for propeller from the basic principal particulars e.g. Blade Number, Diameter, Blade Area Ratio and Pitch automatically. Here we also illustrated the benefits of our solution which is integrated with the most popular 3d modelling software in marine industry, Rhino3d, with other 3rd party solution like PropCAD or OpenProp. Grasshopper is quite intuitive parametric package which can be used in various ways to calculate design particulars. It can be employed in hydrostatics calculations, weight calculations, floor optimization etc. The developed plug-in will be an open source solution so that if anyone interested can developed tool for different objectives. This work would also inspire people to use this free tool instead of purchasing costly solutions.


This article examines the effect of eggplant powder on the quality of tartlets. They play the role of edible utensils under various dishes, which in today's fast-paced rhythm of life is very convenient and practical, and there is an increase in consumer demand for them. This paper proposes the use of eggplant powder in the recipe of tartlets. The use of natural vegetable powders and their enrichment in preventive nutrition is due to the possibility of eliminating the deficiency of essential micronutrients in the human diet quite easily and quickly without increasing the caloric content of the diet. Experimental variants containing in the recipe eggplant powder in the amount of 10, 20 and 30%. Organoleptic evaluation of products was carried out according to the following indicators: taste, colour, appearance, flavor, consistency, surface on a 5-point scale taking into account the coefficients of significance. Determination of moisture mass fraction by GOST 5900-2014 p.7, gravimetric method, total sugar mass fraction by GOST 5903-89 p.6, mass fraction by GOST 31902-2012 p.8, extraction weight method. Rheological parameters such as hardness and brittleness of ready products were estimated on Brookfield CT3 device. The degree of softenability of the filling products was determined after 12 hours of soak at 24 ° C. According to organoleptic and physico-chemical indices, the optimum content of eggplant powder is 20% in the tartlet recipe. The colour is saturated brown, attractive for the consumer, the sugar content in the products increases by 43%, the fat content decreases by 3%. The hardness and brittleness of the products is also increased by 1.6 times, which is of practical importance for the preservation of the consumer properties of products. The developed recipe and technology of tartlets for healthy food "Baklaletki" is proposed for implementation in the baking and confectionery industry.


In many modern information systems, the heat generated during the operation of electronic devices is usually dissipated by heat-conductive pads between the casing of the respective equipment and a massive base (platform). For newly developed pads, the promising materials are composites on the basis of various types of silicone rubber. At the same time, during the production of the pads without a vacuum setup, the material can contain air bubbles, which causes the porosity potentially negative for the thermal properties of the material. This work studies the thermal conductivity depending on the degree of silicone matrix filling by copper particles, introduced to improve thermal conductivity, and by air bubbles that are considered as reinforcing inclusions.


As the representation capability of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) improve, there is growing concern that they will inherit social biases from unprocessed corpora. Most previous debiasing techniques used Counterfactual Data Augmentation (CDA) to balance the training corpus. However, CDA slightly modifies the original corpus, limiting the representation distance between different demographic groups to a narrow range. As a result, the debiasing model easily fits the differences between counterfactual pairs, which affects its debiasing performance with limited text resources. In this paper, we propose an adversarial training-inspired two-stage debiasing model using Contrastive learning with Continuous Prompt Augmentation (named CCPA) to mitigate social biases in PLMs' encoding. In the first stage, we propose a data augmentation method based on continuous prompt tuning to push farther the representation distance between sample pairs along different demographic groups. In the second stage, we utilize contrastive learning to pull closer the representation distance between the augmented sample pairs and then fine-tune PLMs' parameters to get debiased encoding. Our approach guides the model to achieve stronger debiasing performance by adding difficulty to the training process. Extensive experiments show that CCPA outperforms baselines in terms of debiasing performance. Meanwhile, experimental results on the GLUE benchmark show that CCPA retains the language modeling capability of PLMs.


Interaural time just noticeable differences (jnds) were obtained on a group of normal‐hearing listeners and four groups of listeners with sensorineural hearing losses. These groups consisted of persons with moderate hearing loss (1) only in the low frequencies, (2) only in the high frequencies, (3) across the frequency range, and (4) only in one ear. The stimuli consisted of computer‐generated narrow bands of noise, 450–550 Hz and 3750–4250 Hz, with the paradigm being constant stimulus two interval forced choice. Interaural intensity jnds were also obtained for the same two bands of noise with hearing‐impaired listeners who performed poorly on the time discrimination task. The results indicated that (1) the presence of a sensorineural hearing loss inhibits normal processing of interaural time differences in a lateralization paradigm; (2) there are large individual differences in the amount of deficit in lateralization due to a hearing loss; (3) based on a limited number of subjects employed, there is no c...


Kimchi cabbage grows in South Korea and is an essential ingredient for making kimchi with the kimjang method. The technique of accurately managing and monitoring crops such as kimchi cabbage plays an important role in stabilizing consumer prices. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expected to be used more widely in global and local agriculture. The agricultural sites at which kimchi cabbages are cultivated are affected by various climatic, terrain, and soil conditions, requiring technologies that can accurately and quickly acquire such information. UAVs and sensors are able to provide some of these data. In this study, we set up a cultivation environment for kimchi cabbage and investigated the correlation between a UAV-attached multispectral sensor and a field-portable spectroradiometer. Reflectance measurement using a spectroradiometer was performed on 99 kimchi cabbages in a Mt. Maebong testbed. We aimed to find a method for obtaining accurate vegetation information by combining the high spatial and temporal resolution information of the UAV observation with the spectral resolution of the spectroradiometer. Spectral analysis was used to identify the difference between healthy and poorly growing cabbage and to find the wavelength that most affected the growth. The hyperspectrum of the spectroradiometer reflected the accurate vegetation characteristics and contributed greatly to the identification of vegetation indices. A method for correcting the errors that occurred in the ground and UAV monitoring and the difference arising from the application of the broadband wavelength of the UAV and the single wavelength of the spectroradiometer through correlation analysis is presented. The calibration equation method was applied to UAV spatial information and was used to create a precise normalized distribution vegetation index (p-NDVI) map. The p-NDVI map was organized into four categories for the selection of cabbages with healthy (good) growth. Our results show that (1) the merged spectral analysis method was found to be more accurate and distinct than conventional methods, and (2) methods for estimating cabbage growth status showed a higher significant correlation than the UAV-based NDVI. At the maturity stage, high accuracy (R2 = 0.7816, RMSE = 0.06) was achieved for NDVI. Although this map is the result of the limited vegetation monitoring of UAV images taken during the maturity stage, it could be of great help for managing the quality and production of cabbage. However, the efficient management of highland kimchi cabbage requires continuous research under various conditions to enable periodic and systematic monitoring using UAVs and sensors.


The invention discloses a bi-directional movement vertical reinforcing steel bar automatic bending machine, which comprises a rail, an reinforcing steel bar automatic bending machine which moves on the rail and a reinforcing steel bar compressing device; the reinforcing steel bar compressing device is arranged on one side of the rail; the reinforcing steel bar automatic bending machine consists of a first reinforcing steel bar automatic bending machine and a second reinforcing steel bar automatic bending machine which have the same structure and arranged on corresponding positions; the bottoms of the first reinforcing steel bar automatic bending machine and the second reinforcing steel bar automatic bending machine are provided with bi-directional traction mechanisms which have the same structure and are used for driving the bending machines to move on the rail and locking mechanisms which are used for locking the bending machines on the rail. The invention has the beneficial effects that the vertical bending pattern is easier for operation and the safety of operator can be guaranteed. The minimum bending length is 460mm and the bending angle range is extended. The two bending machines can move right and left fast at the same time for bending reinforcing steel bars to shorten the bending and forming time and promote the productivity. The invention has the advantages that the structure is simple and maintenance is convenient; work is stable and the energy is saved and the cost is low.


It has been the signature of Fred Dallmayr's major intellectual inquiries over the past 50 years or so not only to critique fundamental aspects of the paradigm of transatlantic modernity but also to reassess those of its values which lend themselves to integration into a humanistic democratic vision. In earlier publications, Dallmayr predominantly focused diasapprobation on philosophical knowledge formations excessively organized around the Cartesian concepts of individual rationality in order to philosophically overcome the dualistic separation of mind from matter, the subject from the object, culture from nature, and thought from spirituality. Thereby, he had critically assessed the limits of the beliefs in the virtues of the scientific control and manipulation of nature, of secularism, and individual liberalism. Over the past 20 years or so, he has predominatly inquired into ways in which Western ethnocentricity, a major pillar of the paradigm of modernity, can be overcome by practices that involve nongovernmentally organized intercivilizational dialogues with important leading intellectuals from practically all global regions. The publication under review is, from my perspective, nonetheless unique among Dallmayr's intellectual accomplishments to date in that it constitutes his most interdisciplinary approach to modernity's scarred relations between freedom and solidarity, on one hand, while simultaneously participating in the construction of a global coalition of intellectuals for assessing the conditions of possibility for reconciliations between Eastern and Western experiential forms of freedom, solidarity, and spirituality, on the other hand. Through this humanistic coalition, which includes leading figures such as Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela, Mahatma Ghandi, John Dewey, Ashis Nandy, Henry David Thoreau, Albert Camus, Leo Tolstoy, Raimon Pannikar, Tu Weiming, and the so-called renaissance traditions from within Islamic thought (Al Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Ruschd), Dallmayr explores the construction of solidarious relations on a global scale in order to overcome the traditional tensions between individual freedom and solidarity embedded in Western mainstream political, social, economic, and cultural thought. Both Dallmayr's critique ofmodernity and the construction of a global intellectual and spiritual coalition on the subject of conciliatory relations between freedom and solidarity is framed by fundamental philosophical assumptions derived fromMartin Heidegger's famous inquiries on the Seinsfrage, or on the question of Being. In this context, where one reaches out toward the meaning of Being, one cannot but share one's freedom through collective existence, orMitsein. Here, the Cartesian separation of ego from society, of the subject from the object, of the res cogitans from the res extensa, of mind from spirituality, of culture from nature, no longer holds. It can be overcome. The assumption of such a Heideggerian position lends itself to a critique of the laissez-faire market triumphalisms of neoclassical and neoliberal macroeconomics, respectively symbolized by the twentieth-century Austrian and Chicago schools of economics. In addition, the author argues that to the extent to which oligarchic corporate and financial elites attempt to control and manipulate the political, social, and cultural conduct in the daily lives of the masses of the people, democracy has turned into a fragile system. When, furthermore, politicians are purchased by the highest bidder, or when citizens are predominantly valued on account of their individual buying power, then Dallmayr recalls Karl Polanyi's unexampled analysis of the dangerous separation of the economic sphere from culture, history, and ethics, while observing the simple fact that only individuals with the means to participate in consumerism exercize individual choice. Finally, Dallmayr critically addresses the pervasive cultures of violence by confronting them with a promotion of cultures of nonviolence, as evidenced by an entire series of public intellectuals and writers from the East to the West over the past two centuries. Central in this context are the reappraisals of Ghandi's practices of nonviolent disobedience, Camus's rejection of violence as part of the human condition, Tolstoy's holistic view of the multiple relations between human communities and their environments, and Dewey's pragmatic design on the relations between the self and society. Under the impulsions of such diverse traditions, all pointing in various degrees to foundational reassessments of the predominant Western conceptions of the relations between individual freedom and solidarious practice, Dallmayr concludes that a paradigm shift is impending (p. 111) in that a consciousness rooted in individual selfinterest, secularism, and anthrocentrism is increasingly poised to allow for greater ethico-religious considerations. Hinduism and Buddhism in particular lend themselves for exploring a liberation of the self from forms of Western rationality tied to utilitarian and individualistic pursuits. Combining so many traditions from all corners of the globe enabled Dallmayr to design the contours of a relational concept of "person" as the ensemble of multiple social, spiritual, and cosmic relations. But it also enabled him to offer to his readers an extraordinarily rich and productive text.


Haemoprotozoan diseases rank high in importance amongst parasites of livestock and even man. Diseases caused by them have devastating effect on livestock wealth leading to heavy economic losses. These loses are due to reduced productivity, mortality and cost of treatment. These diseases are present throughout the world, but are most numerous and exert their greatest impact in the tropical and subtropical regions because of greatest vector activity in these regions. In India, they are the major health impediments to efficient livestock production. The economic toll caused by these diseases is staggering. Better global control of tick-borne diseases of livestock and their vectors would contribute substantially to improved meat and milk production (Barnett, 1961). The important haemoprotozoan diseases that are affecting the livestock are as under.


ABSTRACT In this paper, the laboratory-synthesized single-component intumescent flame retardant (IFR) and the phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (P-POSS) as a novel synergist were combined to be applied in preparation of the halogen-free flame-retarded (FR) polypropylene (PP) composite. The involved structure, property and flame-retarding mechanism were systematically investigated. The experimental results show that incorporation of only 1.0 wt-% loading of P-POSS remarkably enhances the flame-retarding property and mechanical performance of FR PP composite, exhibiting the efficiently synergistic effect. The synergistic effect of P-POSS is explained by the reinforcing effect of its decomposition products SiO2 and phosphoric acid-based compounds on the condensed-phase char layers. Also, the incorporated 1.0 wt-% P-POSS particles significantly improve the dispersion of IFR fillers and the interfacial compatibility. The prepared FR PP composite possesses excellent comprehensive properties including a comparable mechanical performance of pure PP and flame retardancy (1.6 mm UL94 V-0 rating), and exhibits a good application prospect.


Objectives: The purpose of this study IS to investigate the health and estimate the cardiovascular disease risk of a physically active population in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods: The sample consisted of 592 elderly individuals from five units of the Porto Alegre Municipal Sports, Recreation, and Leisure Center (SME-PMPA). Patient histories were obtained, and all the patients underwent anthropometric and functional evaluations. Results: The results demonstrated compatibility between self-reported diseases and regularly used medications. They also revealed a high prevalence of the use of proton-pump inhibitors. The participants were classified as irregularly active and active according to the IPAQ classification. The systolic blood pressure of 44.8% of the participants was optimal, and the diastolic blood pressure of 83.1% of the study group was normal. The lipid profiles, with the exception of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, of most of the participants were satisfactory. In the study group, 29% of the participants had prediabetes according to their fasting blood glucose levels, and 6.9% had diabetes. The anthropometric evaluations (body mass index [BMI] and waist to hip ratio [WHR]) revealed an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among the majority of the participants. According to the functional evaluations, the balance and range of motion of the majority of the elderly population were satisfactory or good. However, the performance of the participants was not as good in the strength tests. The Framingham score showed that 4% of the study group had a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: These results were in accordance with the characteristics of the population. However, health indicators of a large number of the participants were inadequate, and new strategies are needed to improve these.


Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) has been widely used in various applications for its distributed measurement capability of dynamic disturbance along the entire length of sensing fiber. However, traditional Φ-OTDR cannot make high-precision measurement on the external disturbance-induced strain due to the randomly distributed position and reflectivity of scattering points within the optical fiber. In this paper, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) array has been proposed to generate strong and controllable reflections while providing acceptable insertion loss. Active laser frequency sweeping and unwrapping algorithms were included to set up a definite relationship between strain value and variation of interference power between neighboring reflection lights. With the assistant of UWFBG array, the capability of Φ-OTDR has been upgraded to be able to take high-precision measurement on strain. In the experiment, multipoint με level dynamic strain variation has been fully captured at the end of a 5-km long sensing fiber with 2 m spatial resolution. The measured strain value was compared to the calibrated one obtained with Mach-Zehnder Interferometer method. These two values fit with each other quite well with a maximum deviation of 6.2 nε, which confirmed the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.


Suppuration out of periodontal pockets is considered to be a clinical sign of periodontal disease activity. On the other hand, the increasing realization of bacterial specificity in periodontal disease has focused upon the use of bacterial parameters to determine the disease activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative proportions of subgingival microflora between suppurative and non-suppurative periodontal pockets. Seven subjects with adult periodontitis were selected for this study. They underwent clinical examination, provided that other parameters except suppuration were excluded. The materials were obtained from average 4 suppurative and non-suppurative pockets of each subject for bacterial examination. Bacterial samples from 12 suppurative and 15 nonsuppurative pockets were subjcted to dark field microscopy and anaerobic incubation. These bacteria were identified by motility and morphology, Gram stain, biochemical and gas chromatographic analyses. The results were as follows 1. Total culturable numbers of facultative microbes between suppurative and non-suppurative pockets were 107 and 108, respectively (p>0.05). 2. The proportion of Spirochetes to the numbers of total anaerobes in suppurative and non-suppurative pockets was 13.1% and 6.0%, respectively (p< 0.005). Black-pigmented Bacteroides was 23.9% and 6.0% (p<0.001) and Fusobacterium nucleatum was 18.3% and 9.3%, respectively (p>0.05). From these results, it was suggested that suppurative pockets were more active lesions than non-suppurative pockets. To clarify this point, longitudinal study is further required.


This essay aims to show how the new trends in marketing have evolved new concepts such as the Sensory Marketing Neuromarketing or whose theories focused on knowing the different behavior from the point of view brain have changed the traditional ways of marketing a service and purchasing decisions of consumers, focuses on the analysis of neuroscience and focus of emotions. Similarly today the application can be evident in different sectors , but the focus in this essay will be the tourism sector in Colombia and specifically from the line of business of tourism in the box Offset compensation


The knowledge that indigenous, artisanal and commercial fishers and marine hunters accumulate over the course of their fishing careers can be invaluable to marine researchers despite its low scientific repute among methodological purists. Over the past several decades, and in tropical, temperate and Arctic fisheries, it has cast considerable light on important subjects such as stock structure, interannual variability in stock abundance, migrations, the behaviour of larval/post-larval fish, currents and the nature of island wakes, nesting site fidelity in sea turtles, spawning aggregations and locations, local trends in abundance and local extinctions. It has also cast light on the dynamics of fisheries and their relationship to scientific understanding. This chapter draws on a series of examples from indigenous, artisanal and commercial fisheries to explore ways in which the knowledge of fishers and fisheries scientists can complement each other and, in the process, drive forward not only our knowledge about fisheries' resources but also our capacity to manage our degraded marine ecosystems to recovery.


This article critically engages with Russell Belk's 'extended self' theory and Susan Fournier's 'human relationship model'. When a human development model is applied to the 'extended self' theory, Belk appears to equate the psychology of infants with consumerism in general – an inability to differentiate between the self and other. Fournier concludes that when consumers think about brands as if they were human, endowing inanimate brand objects with personality qualities, the object becomes animated, facilitating a 'relationship dyad'. However, she confuses 'dyad' with the projection of the self onto objects, what psychoanalytic theory suggests is a classic symptom of narcissism. Devoid of any (psychological) understanding of narcissism, these theorists do not make connections between narcissism and its behavioural patterns exhibited in contemporary consumer culture. While the culture of consumption facilitates associations and projections of the self onto objects through a steady flow of fantasy, encouraging consumers to blur self-other distinctions, it does not necessarily follow that all consumers are unable to differentiate between the self and other. Through examining the complex symbolism and powerful repositories of meaning that consumers project onto objects, our understanding of how consumers interact with products will be deepened; by (re-)inserting the unconscious into consumer theory, the self-other divide emerges.


Helix loss increases the noise figure of a TWT by altering the amplifying properties of the tube, and also by acting as a source of thermal noise which is amplified by interaction with the beam. Noise power originating in the helix propagates as a wave and undergoes amplification in the same manner as the signal. This noise power adds to the noise figure of the tube by an amount proportional to the attenuation of the helix and to its temperature, and inversely proportional to the tube gain per unit length. The effect of refrigerating the helix has been demonstrated by several experiments in which low-noise TWT's were immersed in liquid nitrogen while monitoring the noise figure. The reduction in noise figure varied from a few tenths to nearly one db. One case of particular interest is that of a WJ-226 low-noise TWT, operating in the frequency band 1.4 to 2.3 Gc, which showed a minimum noise figure of 2.6 db when operating in a room temperature environment. On cooling the tube to liquid nitrogen temperature, a minimum noise figure of 1.7 db was obtained, at a frequency of 1.65 Gc.


With growing reliance on the Internet as a primary source of input into nearly every type of decision, individuals must find ways to cope with the overwhelming quantity and variety of information accessible to them. Unfortunately, while technology increases the availability of information by facilitating both sharing and retrieval, it does not yet offer clear assistance for integrating this information into coherent preferences. Furthermore, the weighting of disparate information content is subject to the inherent decision-making biases that people have been shown to exhibit in many other contexts, and reliance on simplifying heuristics may even be exacerbated in online environments where distillation of meaning from abundant or conflicting information is especially difficult. The first paper looks at the effect of interface design on decisions, whereby individuals focus their attention according to the organization of information. Simply manipulating the way that option attributes are partitioned into categories, we induce decision-makers to ascribe different relative importance to them. The second paper


The population explosion has lead to a markedly increased exploitation of our natural environment, hence the expression "sustainable development" has become a catch phrase. In a historical perspective ecological problems recently became acute and this is why it is necessary to act quickly. It is obvious that we have to pay extreme attention to how we treat our environment and our sources. This necessarily will be reflected in the actions of the lawmakers in the future, and for the building industry the results will be that the authorities will enforce new law and regulations with direct consequences for the choice of materials and building techniques. There will be developed a set of standards dealing with environmental matters, putting limitations especially on the consumption of natural resources. Some countries already has standards dealing with various ecological aspects, like recirculation, down cycling, etc. The customers will prefer building products and systems that can document compliance with environmental attitudes. For all activities the environmental burden will be evaluated and limited by laws and regulations. Consequently the industry's accountability for the environment will be a prerequisite for remaining in business.


Introduction:  One ofdiagnostic criteria for Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is  pao2/fio2 (PF) ratio 300 for ALI or 200 for ARDS. This criteria requires invasive arterial sampling. Measurement of Spo2/Fio2 (SF) ratio by pulseoximetry may be a reliable non invasive alternative to the PF ratio. Methods and Materials: In a cross sectional study we enrolled 105 sample of patients with ALI or ARDS, to determine the Spo2/Fio2 (SF). Pao2 wasmeasured through arterial blood sampling and Spo2 measured with pulse oximetry and documented within 5 minutes of each other. Results The relationship between SF and PF ratio was described by the following equation: SF=57+0/61PF (P<0/001). Spo2/Fio2 (SF) ratios of 181 and 235 can be substituted pao2/fio2 (PF)   ratio of 200 and 300 in ARDS and ALI respectively.  The ALI SF cutoff of 235 had 57% sensitivity and 100% specificity, and ARDS, SF cutoff of 181 had 71% sensitivity and 82% specificity. Conclusion Spo2/Fio2 (SF) ratio is a reliable noninvasive marker to determine children with ALI or ARDS and can be used instead of it.


This publication is intended to serve as a reference tool for countries with limited resources as they develop or revise national guidelines for the use of ART in adults and postpubertal adolescents (see Annex 9 for pubertal Tanner staging; prepubertal adolescents should follow the WHO paediatric guidelines). The material presented takes updated evidence into account including new ART treatment options and draws on the experience of established ART scale-up programmes. The simplified approach with evidence-based standards continues to be the basis of WHO recommendations for the initiation and monitoring of ART. The guidelines are primarily intended for use by national and regional HIV programme managers managers of nongovernmental organizations delivering HIV care services and other policy-makers who are involved in the scaling up of comprehensive HIV care and ART in resource-limited countries. The comprehensive up-to-date technical and clinical information on the use of ART however also makes these guidelines useful for clinicians in resource-limited settings. The recommendations contained in these guidelines are made on the basis of different levels of evidence from randomized clinical trials high-quality scientific studies observational cohort data and where insufficient evidence is available expert opinion. The strengths of the recommendations in Table 1 are intended to indicate the degrees to which the recommendations should be considered by regional and country programmes. Cost-effectiveness is not explicitly considered as part of the recommendations although the realities of human resources health system infrastructures and socioeconomic issues should be taken into account when the recommendations are being adapted to regional and country programmes. (excerpt)


The heat shock response is a canonical regulatory pathway by which cellular stressors such as heat and oxidative stress alter the expression of stress-responsive genes. Some of these stress-responsive genes (heat shock proteins and MHC class I (MHC I)-related chains) play a significant role in the immune system. In this study, we have investigated the impact of stimulating the heat shock response on genes involved in the MHC I presentation pathway. We report that two inducible subunits of the proteasome, lmp2 and lmp7, are transcriptionally up-regulated by heat shock in cells of mouse and human origin. Furthermore, heat-shocked cells show enhanced presentation of the immunoproteasome-dependent MHC I antigenic epitopes NP 118–126 of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and E1B 192–200 of adenovirus, but not immunoproteasome-independent epitopes such as tumor Ag AH1 and SV40 large T Ag epitope II 223–231 . These findings show a novel immunological sequel to the cellular response to stress that may play a key role during fever or other homeostatic perturbations. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 177: 8393–8399.


To estimate the barrier efficiency of gloves for operations against the infection risks caused by pinhole formation, we investigated the passing number of bacteria in a pinhole which was formed in gloves for operations. In the primary experimental conditions which were no pinhole form moving (no changes in diameter of pinhole) and making water level pressure (1cm), we confirmed the passing of bacteria through the pinhole within 20 min after investigation was started. Furthermore, the passing number of bacteria increased to 1,000 fold when the diameter of pinhole expanded to 5 fold. From these results, it was suggested that an invisible pinhole of operation gloves promotes an infection risk during the operation.


In modular programs, groups of routines constitute conceptual abstractions. A method for providing execution profiles for such programs is presented. The central idea is that the execution time for a routine is charged to the routines that call it. The implementation of this method by a profiler called gprof is described. The techniques used to gather the necessary information about the timing and structure of the program are given, as is the processing used to propagate routine execution times along arcs of the call graph of the program. The method for displaying the profile to the user is discussed. Experience using the profiles for hand‐tuning large programs is summarized. Additional uses for the profiles are suggested.


In order to accurately describe effects of environment factors on LNG diffusion after leakage,compared and studied are diffusion models of various gases,board model is combined with Gaussian Model and established is a LNG leakage and diffusion model.Analyzed are movement rule of water vapor diffusion after LNG leakage and important influence factors and discussed in detail are heavy gas diffusion process and passive diffusion process of water vapor from LNG in combination with atmospheric turbulence theory and gas movement state equation.Developed is software for simulating LNG diffusion after leakage by using Microsoft Visual Basic and MATLAB language,simulated are hazardous areas where LNG is leaked in different conditions and analyzed are effects of environment factors on LNG diffusion consequences.Obtained is information relative to the effects of interaction of wind speed and atmospheric stability on LNG diffusion after leakage through calculating simulation results,which provides a quantitative risk calculation method for reference in similar accidents,and relative departments may refer to the information in preparation and completion of emergency and rescue measures and risk management.


This communication, based on Healthygrowth territorial case studies, offers investigates the transition mechanisms in the case of the Biovallee (Drome Valley) case study and compares it to 2 other organic regions in Italy and Austria to draw out shared research questions.


An apparatus for adiabatic rotation of a sample in a magnetic field at liquid helium temperatures is described. It has been used for the observation of magnetothermal oscillations of metal single crystals as a function of their orientation in a magnetic field. While the sample is being rotated, magnetothermal oscillations as small as 10−6 K were observable; nonsteady (random) heat transfer or heat generation (heat pulses) under favorable conditions was found to be less than 10−5 K (a few milliergs). It appears that the apparatus is useful for a variety of other experiments where it is desirable to change the orientation of a sample in a solenoid either adiabatically or isothermally.


The molecular structure and vibrational spectra of homologous series of nematogenic p-n-alkylbenzoic acids (nBAC) with 4 (4BAC), 5 (5BAC), 6 (6BAC), 7 (7BAC), 8 (8BAC) and 9 (9BAC) carbon atoms in the alkyl chain have been investigated using the density functional Becke3–Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) level with the basis set 6-31++G(d.p) and the Hartree–Fock with the same basis set. The computations have been carried out for all the molecules but detailed results have been reported only for 9BAC molecule. However, the salient features of others have also been reported. The observed vibrational spectra have been resolved and assigned in detail for comparison with the molecules. These results indicate that DFT and HF values are slightly different at both the levels. A comparison of electronic properties such as HOMO (EHOMO), LUMO (ELUMO) energies, energy gap (Eg), ionization potential (I), electron affinity (A), electro negativity (χ), chemical hardness (η), electronic chemical potential (μ), electrophilicity index (ω), and softness (S) has been made. It has been observed that the substitution of additional alkyl group has a profound control on energy band gap, and the conductivity of molecules.


THE INTERFACES BETWEEN THE HUMAN RESOURCES AND CONTINUING EDUCATION IN HEALTH IN HOSPITALS: A LITERATURE REVIEW This study conducts a literature review to characterize the Human Resources (HR) and Continuing Education in Health (CPS) in hospitals, and it has the objective of analysis the interface between HR and CPS. The work management and the RH's manager in the health sector is seen as a new subject, and they perform different types of activities like planning, selection and choose the right position for the employees in the hospitals. They work for improvement, training of the employees focusing on the needs to active the development of competences for the health quality and work processes regulation with interface to the professional corporations, education and society. One of the strategies to the health qualification is the National Politics for the Continuing Education in Health that is made through the Ministry of Health programs. The interface between HR and CPS is really important in the hospital, together with the managers, they must verify the hospital needs, valuing employees and achieving service excellence. Despite of this importance, there are few research about this interface. The articles reviewed in only one article it appears and it relate that there is no connection between the HR and CPS in the hospital of the article. Only in the nursing sector this interface was made unlike it should be done in the RH. However, this interface improves the work conditions, professionalization, human capital value, resulting in better services for the community. In conclusion, the lacks of studies are because most of the researches had been done by nursing professionals then, there is no analysis from other professionals like psychologists and administrators.


Thesurfactant-assistedsynthesisoftantalumoxidenanoparticles(Ta 2 O 5 ),itssubsequentnitridationtoformtantalumnitride(Ta 3 N 5 ), and the evaluation of the photoactivity of these nanoparticles, are presented. The surface, optical, and compositional characterization of the in-house synthesized photocatalysts indicate spherical nanoparticles with φ = 30 nm Ta 2 O 5 and φ = 30 nm Ta 3 N 5 with the latter photocatalysts showing absorbance onset at ∼ 630 nm. Photoelectrochemical analysis of the various photocatalyst films using chronoamperometry, linear sweep voltammetry, and impedance measurements attribute an improved photoactivity with the in-house catalysts to better charge generation, transport, and utilization. Initial results using Ta 2 O 5 and Ta 3 N 5 demonstrate photocatalytic activity toward conversion of colored pollutants. This work presents the properties of a surfactant-mediated synthesized Ta O 5 nanoparticles with high surface area and specifically examines its surface, optical, and photoelectrochemical features. The practical viabilityofthenanoparticlesisalsotestedbyusingitasaphotocatalystforenvironmentalapplications.


Significa't social, demographic, and economic changes have occurred in the North Central states since 1960. This document examines structural and policy variables related to distribution of income, during the years 1960-80 in the 397 counties defined as agriculture-dependent in 13 North Central states. Personal income distribution has been explained by four types of theories: stochastic, personal characteristic, regional endowment, and development. These theories were integrated into a single working model for empirical analysis. A regression model was developed that included five structural variables and five policy variables. Correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the degree to which variables were related to income distribution (Gini-ratio) in 1960, 1970, and 1980. The relative influence of county structural endowments and social and economic policies on income inequalities differed in each census year, shifting from policy variables as most influential in 1960 to structural variables as slightly more influential in 1980. Income distribution was related to retirement benefits and education levels (see pages 37-42) in all three census years; 4nd Lo unemployment benefits, county government expenditures, proportion of commercial farms, and manufacturing employment in two out of three years. This report contains 70 references and 21 data tables and graphs. (SV) ********************A************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made A from the original document. * ***** *******************************..********************** ******** *** Distribution of Personal Income in Agriculture-dependent Counties of Midwestern States: =111=.0.1Norpmmill A Policy Variables Approach Gary A. Goreham Richard W. Rathge Glenn D. Pederson u S DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION Office E doCalioral Research end improvemeht EVuCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CE NTER IERIC) Tfi, aocument Ka* beet+ reproduceP ** Yerp,yrto bp*, the ipeYspn of orpanliahon g.nattny Malty changes nave Peen mit* to ant*P** ,PP,OPluctOP clustoty ,n15. of v,eis OS o II stateo,nttosdOCu NRCIPSSailt, ort,c,aI OE RI p(1}-$,T,On O poocy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY N.,44,. C....m.4 b CistfLAy.4_4eal___ 041v. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." NORTH CENTRAL REGIONAL CENTER FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 Iowa State University 216 East Hatt Ames. Iowa 50011 (515) 294-8321 DISTRIBMON OF PERSONAL INCOME IN AGRICULTURE-DEPENDENT COUNTIES OF MIDWESTERN STATES: A POLICY VARIABLES APPROACH DISTRIBUTION OF PERSONAL INCOME IN AGRICULTURE-DEPENDENT COUNTIES OF MIDWESTERN STATES: A POLICY VARIABLES APPROACH


Superificial thrombosis is among the most frequent complications of varicose veins. Miscellaneous treatments have been attempted for relief of patients' symptoms, most of them unsatisfactory. We advocate simple evacuation of the thrombosed varix followed by elastic bandaging and walking exercises, a regimen which gives relief in a short period. Treatment of varicose veins should follow; no drug therapy is necessary.


The effects of the addition of either monoclinic or tetragonal containing 5.35[wt%] on the physical properties and electrical conductivity of were investigated. The addition of (m) and (t) increased sintered density of . The Vickers hardness also increased as addition of (t) increased going through a maximum at 20[wt%] and the hardness of the specimens was found to be dependent on the sintered density. The addition of (t) improved the hardness of systems and the (m) addition showed the better effect on the thermal shock property of systems than that of the (t) addition. Above 15[wt%] addition of (t), the electrical conductivity is gradually increased with increasing applied voltage but not effects by addition of (m).


Abstract Our purpose is to measure thickness of gaseous discs in 0 < z < 1.2 galaxies. As gas dispersions are sensitive to scale height of gaseous discs, we model the kinematics of galaxies using Jeans equations. The resulting thicknesses of gaseous discs at higher redshifts are more thicker (and arbitrary) while nearby ones are thinner. We also found that clumpiness of galaxy is a possible indicator of the gas disc thickness.


Companies in nowaday's business world have started to recognize the value of Social Network Analysis not only for the discovery of interhuman relations, but also for the examination of e.g. interorganizational dependencies and collaboration patterns. However, the corresponding IT-supported analyses require a large amount of explicitly structured data, which is rarely available and costly to create manually. The contribution of our presented approach to the above described problem is therefore two-fold. The first challenge is to bridge the gap between unstructered text data and the required network structures for the specific domain of business news. The aim is to obtain a network of companies that represents relevant facts (like industry relatedness) as close to reality as possible. We will then apply a chosen catalogue of social network analysis techniques in order to validate their suitability and to generate immediate feedback for the network generation step.


This review focuses on the recent studies of synthesis of polylactides, especially about direct condensation polymerization and ring-opening condensation polymerization, including the homopolymers and copolymers. The appu'cations of these biodegradable materials and prospects of synthesis of polylactides are also discussed.


Abstract In this study, the interaction thioguanine (TG) anticancer drug with the functionalized graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet surface is theoretically studied in both gas phase and separately in physiological media using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. DFT calculations indicated the adsorption and solvation energies are negative for f-GONS/TG complexes which propose the adsorption process of TG molecule onto the f-GONS surface is possible from the energetic viewpoint. QTAIM calculations confirm the nature of partially covalent-partially electrostatic between drug and nanosheet. These results are sorely relevant that an approach for loading of TG molecule is the chemical modification of GO using covalent functionalization which can serve as a nanocarrier to load drug molecules. Moreover, to understand the effect of urea on the nature of the interaction between TG and f-GONS, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed. The results indicated that in the presence of urea the adsorption process gets affected and leads to instability of system, while the affinity of the TG for adsorption onto GO surface is increased in pure water. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma


This study ascertained the capacity-building needs of principals for conflict resolution and staff appraisal in secondary schools. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study was conducted in public and private secondary schools in Anambra State using descriptive survey research design. There are 257 public secondary schools and 298 private secondary schools in the six education zones of Anambra State. Thus, the population of the study constituted of 555 respondents made up of 257 and 298 principals in public and private secondary schools respectively in the six education zones of the state. The sample of this study comprised 167 respondents made up of 30% of the entire population selected through proportionate random sampling technique. A questionnaire developed by the researcher was used for data collection. The face and content validity of the instrument were determined by three experts. The reliability co¬efficients of 0.75 and 0.81 were obtained for sections ?A? and ?B? of the instrument respectively using Cronbach alpha. The researchers together with the help of six research assistants administered the instrument. Mean scores and standard deviations were used to answer the research question while t-test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. Findings indicated that principals need capacity-building on fostering harmony in the schools. They also need capacity-building on the use appraisal to assess deficiencies in work behaviours at scheduled intervals; they need capacity-building on the use staff appraisal to promote staff commitment to the school organization; they need capacity-building on the use staff appraisal to evaluate the staff strengths and weaknesses. It was found that there was no significant difference in the mean ratings of principals in public and private secondary schools on their capacity-building needs for conflict resolution and staff appraisal in secondary schools. It was therefore recommended among others that the principals should use workshops for retraining to improve their administrative capabilities especially in the areas of conflict resolution and staff appraisal.


Studies by Rge and Veit have established two forms of carcinomas of the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity (the first one begins with the expansion of the lumen of the glands filled with epithelial elements, and the second begins with the increased proliferation of the glands themselves), the existence of which has also been confirmed by other researchers, and which by many are considered the only cancer found in the uterus. Piering was the first to describe a case of a primary cavity cancroid developing on the uterine mucosa, completely covered by squamous epithelium, and giving metastases to the cervix.


The cost of an accelerator is in part determined by the size of the beam pipe aperture. The effect on total cost is especially large for multiple-beam induction linac designs for IFE drivers, where extra clearance for each beam greatly enlarges the transverse scale of the machine. Limits to the amount of clearance between the beam and the vacuum pipe are set by nonlinear forces (image forces, focusing fringe fields, etc.), which can cause beam heating or beam loss. The filling factor possible (i.e., percent of aperture filled with beam), or "dynamic aperture", is investigated in this work for the intense, spacecharge-dominated ion beams of an IFE driver, using the 2-D transverse slice version of the 3-D particle-in-cell simulation code WARP. The focusing field is modeled using a 3D solution of the Laplace equation for the biased quadrupole focusing elements, as opposed to previous calculations, which used a less-accurate multipole approximation. 80% radial filling of the aperture is found to be possible. Results from the simulations, as well as corroborating data from the High Current Experiment at LBNL, will be presented.


Preface Biography Works and Performances Writings by Henri Sauguet Discography Bibliography Appendix I: Alphabetical Listing Appendix II: Chronological Listing Index


'Grahani' is chronic disease of Annavaha srotas related to Agni. Ayurveda considers it as a Tridoshaja vyadhi, which occurs due to the depletion of jataragni by samana Vayu, pachaka pitta and kledaka kapha. It is characterised by indigestion, altered stool consistency and disturbed bowel habits. The symptoms of Grahani resemble those of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. It is a very common digestive disorder which is affecting nearly 10 to 20% of the population around the world. Young women are affected more often than men. Scientific research has linked it to stress and anxiety but as yet the exact cause of the disease is unknown. Treatment in contemporary system gives symptomatic relief and sometimes result in side effects also. The present study is an observational study using Piccha vasthi which was prepared as per the reference given in Susruta Samhita Chikista Stana with slight modification. Ingredients include Shalmali kanta chooran, Krishna tila pisti, Gritha, Madhu, Dugdha used for piccha vasthi in a quantity of 160 ml given continuously for 14 days. It gave good symptomatic relief to the patient and noticed no recurrence even after a year.


Aiming at the shortage of electronic whiteboard function of traditional instant communication software, this paper proposes the design ideas and implementation methods of electronic whiteboard interface and interactive process based on streaming media technology by analyzing the key technologies such as streaming media and OpenMeetings. The methods of direct entering into room list, room interface design and interface Chineselization as well as the background business logic of electronic whiteboard are mainly explained. Meanwhile, by integrating the electronic whiteboard with the instant communication software, the shared browsing of doodles, files and web pages are implemented. The implementation effects are introduced and the future research direction is pointed out.


The performance (speed) in cycling is determined by the ratio of the cyclist power output (PO, W) and the total resistance to the motion (Rt, N). The Rt is composed by the aerodynamic drag, the gravitational force and the rolling resistance (Rr, N). The PO 1⁄4 [0.5 r·SCx·Va þ m·g sin(a) þ m·g·Cr]V, where r is the air density (kg/m), SCx the effective frontal area (m), m the mass of the cyclist-bicycle system (kg), g the gravity acceleration (m/s), a the slope of the road (8), Cr the rolling coefficient, Va the sum of the cyclist velocity (V) and the wind velocity (m/s). In mountain bike racing, the speed during the race was lower than the road cycling race (5–9 m/s in mountain bikes versus 11–14 m/s in road cycling). In this condition, the aerodynamic resistance in mountain bikes could have a lower importance than in road cycling. Thus, the Rr could have a higher importance in the performance. The Rr can be defined by the resistance to the motion of a wheel. The Rr is used to describe the resistance to the steady motion of the wheel caused by power absorption in the contacting surfaces of the wheel and the road. The cyclists give important attention to the tyre inflation pressure and to the choice of the type of tyre in the goal to decrease theRr and conserve a great adherence in the curve and in the trail with high slope. The aim of this preliminary study was to measure the PO and determine the Cr in mountain bikes on different surfaces with two different tyres and inflation pressures.


The popularization of the Internet has promoted the leap-forward development of e-commerce. In recent years, the increasing number of e-commerce platforms and merchants has led to a sharp increase in customer acquisition costs. Low-cost access to customers has become the main goal pursued by e-commerce merchants. The e-commerce Preferential Purchase model relies on the mainstream e-commerce platform to serve as a shopping guide for merchants of various e-commerce platforms. It provides multi-channel promotion and promotion of e-commerce products to increase customer traffic by saving money, rebates and making money. However, the credibility of the Preferential Purchase platform, the poor quality of products brought by low prices, the preferential procedures and the illegal behavior of the hierarchical agents have also become the bottleneck for the development of the Preferential Purchase model.


Vascular stents often cause adverse physiological responses as a result of inadequate endothelialcoverage. The new generation of vascular stent designs includes substratums with nanopatternedtopographies that enhance cell functionality for rapid endothelialization. Quick endothelializationcan be achieved by promoting cell migration rate and guiding cell migration direction, factorsaccomplishable by durotaxis, stiffness directed cell motility. However, the stiffness gradientrequired to induce durotaxis has not yet been implemented in materials viable for vascular stents.Our objective is to improve upon existing stent designs through durotaxis by studyingendothelial cell migration on biodegradable chitosan modified with nanopatternedtopography and gradated stiffness. We will fabricate three nanostructured substrates with 400nm pitch rectangular grooves and ridges possessing different stiffness gradients of 1 Pa/um, 10Pa/um, and 100 Pa/um and seed them with human umbilical vein and human aortic endothelialcells. We expect our nanostructured substrates will outperform our only topographicallymodified (no stiffness gradient) control and flat surface control. The proposed study will not onlyoffer a potential solution for improved endothelialization but also offer a proof of concept forintegration of durotaxis to vascular stent designs..


Abstract Starting in 2004/2005, the German state Baden-Wurttemberg reduced academic track duration from nine to eight years, leaving cumulative instruction time mostly unchanged. I use this change in schooling policy to identify the effect of increased schooling intensity on students' internalizing mental health problems and perceived stress. Using data on 2306 students from the Additional Study Baden-Wurttemberg of the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), estimates show strong negative effects on internalizing mental health problems for girls and an increase in stress for both genders.


The present invention relates to a novel toggle means which is used for the mold locking and opening of injection molding machine or for the like.


Points, lines and polygons are the primary elements in computer geographic information system (GIS), and the topological relationships between them are the core study topics, especially the topological relationship of polygon and polygon is the most of all. The algorithm of construction of polygon topological relationships as a key technology was studied far away in 1990s and worked well in many GIS software packages, such as Arc/INFO. With the development of GIS application, GIS is used to manage large number spacial objects and do complex analysis in a large scope of area, the previous algorithm of construction of polygon topological relationships meets great challenges. Because the increasing of polygons number to deal with leads to the computing time increasing rapidly in an exponential mode and it maybe exceeds the computing power of PC. This paper provides a new algorithm of partial polygon topological relationships construction, which can fit the needs of increasing number of polygons. Some experiments are carried out to test this algorithm, and the primary test results show that it has some merits and it may play an important role in Grid Computing environment in the future. KeywordsAlgorithm; Topology;GIS;Grid Computing;


Contentas University and Georg-August-University The breakdown point behavior of M-estimators in linear models with fixed designs, arising from planned experiments or qualitative factors, is characterized. Particularly, this behavior at fixed designs is quite different from that at designs which can be corrupted by outliers, the situation prevailing in the literature. For fixed designs, the breakdown points of robust M-estimators (those with bounded derivative of the score function), depend on the design and the variation exponent (index) of the score function. This general result implies that the highest breakdown point within all regression equivariant estimators can be attained also by certain M-estimators : those with slowly varying score function, like the Cauchy or slash maximum likelihood estimator. The M-estimators with variation exponent greater than 0, like the L 1 or Huber estimator, exhibit a considerably worse breakdown point behavior.


In this paper, we investigate the benefits of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication for autonomous vehicles and provide results on how V2V information helps reduce employable time headway in the presence of parasitic lags. For a string of vehicles adopting a constant time headway policy and availing the on-board information of predecessor's vehicle position and velocity, the minimum employable time headway (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h_{\min }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) must be lower bounded by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\tau _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for string stability, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\tau _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the maximum parasitic actuation lag. In this paper, we quantify the benefits of using V2V communication in terms of a reduction in the employable time headway: 1) If the position and velocity information of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$ </tex-math></inline-formula> immediately preceding vehicles is used, then <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h_{\min }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be reduced to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${4\tau _{0}}/{(1+r)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; 2) furthermore, if the acceleration of '<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$ </tex-math></inline-formula>' immediately preceding vehicles is used, then <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h_{\min }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be reduced to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${2\tau _{0}}/{(1+r)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; and 3) if the position, velocity, and acceleration of the immediate and the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-th predecessors are used, then <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h_{\min } \ge {2\tau _{0}}/{(1+r)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Note that cases <xref rid="deqn2" ref-type="disp-formula">(2)</xref> and <xref rid="deqn3" ref-type="disp-formula">(3)</xref> provide the same lower bound on the minimum employable time headway; however, case <xref rid="deqn3" ref-type="disp-formula">(3)</xref> requires much less communicated information.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known to have a genetic component: the evidence comes from twin and family studies as well as genetic studies themselves. Family studies consistently confirm that first degree relatives of patients with RA are at increased risk of developing the condition, supporting a genetic component. The most robust data comes from the Icelandic genealogical database. This chapter covers the basics of genetic studies in RA, designing the genetic study, RA-specific results and insights that can be gained from these. Detailed analyses of selected genetic regions are discussed, alongside genes that may indicate severity. Genetic factors associated with treatment response are also considered. Finally, the role of epigenetics is covered.


Ocean warming and marine heatwaves have emerged as strong predictors of biodiversity change in coastal systems. Here, we test for systematic change in tidepool fish communities between recent and historical data sets, which include the North Pacific marine heatwave of 2014–2016.


The article considers the issues of continuity in foreign language teaching in the process of continuing professional education in the system «school» – «university». The essence of continuity as a didactic principle is clarified and its components have been determined. The task of continuity in the content of teaching a foreign (English) language to students of non-language specialties of universities and the factors that complicate its implementation are outlined.
The importance of adhering to this principle for optimizing the educational process at all levels and stages of learning is emphasized. The importance of adhering to the principle of continuity in the transition from school to university education system is emphasized. It is shown that continuity in foreign language learning covers all components of the learning process and is complex. Some technologies for ensuring the continuity of foreign language learning are proposed, which helps to improve the quality of language training for future professionals.
The authors state that the concept of continuity is actively used in the national educational space as a designation of one of the prerequisites for optimizing the study of English at the stage of transition from the school stage to the system of higher education. The essence of continuity as a pedagogical principle is that at each higher stage of education in determining the content of education takes into account everything that was learned at earlier stages. It is stated that one of the technologies to ensure the implementation of the principle of continuity directly in the educational process is the use of a leveling course, the possibilities of which to improve the knowledge of freshmen and eliminate the possible gap between the starting level of English and the requirements of the university program were demonstrated.


APA Citation Makhlouf, J. M. (2021).Husserl and Merleau-Ponty: A Feminist Critique of the Phenomenological Body [Master's Thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/1617 MLA Citation Makhlouf, Jasmin M.. Husserl and Merleau-Ponty: A Feminist Critique of the Phenomenological Body. 2021. American University in Cairo, Master's Thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/1617


This dissertation identifies and evaluates the ways in which the Amazon myth has functioned. The Amazon myth functions within broader discourses about the Orient, Africa, and women. It has implications for the ways we define "self" and "other." Because they are often represented as a threat to the border from long ago and/or far away, Amazons can serve both as an excuse for fortifying the center against the margin, and as a way of projecting fantasies into the void. The Amazon myth has incited men to action as they have searched for adventure and Amazons abroad. Intended in part as a warning to women of what they could become and of what could happen to them if they rebelled against traditional roles, it has also provided an alluring model to women searching for more power and autonomy. The Amazon myth projects onto foreign soil tensions felt in the home society and provides a safe sphere for the expression and resolution of those tensions. As a breach of the Great Chain of Being, usurping Amazons can serve either as a critique of that idea or as a call to arms for heroic men to defend it. The first chapter develops the theoretical framework for the dissertation. This framework is derived primarily from Michel Foucault,


Covid-19 infection during pregnancy poses diverse challenges to the developing fetus1. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) usually develops around 4-8 weeks after Covid-19 infection due to immune dysregulation2. Pathogenesis of MIS-N is similar to MIS-C but the Covid-19 infection occurs in the mother while the multiorgan inflammation occurs in the neonate due to the transfer of maternal antibodies3. Gastrointestinal bleeding and thrombotic events are known associations of MIS-N3;however, there are only a few cases with cerebral haemorrhage4. We describe a case of MIS-N with cerebral haemorrhage and microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA) that showed a good response to immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) © Open Access Article published under the Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY License


If one drops the Faraday induction term from Maxwell's equations, they become exactly Galilei invariant. This suggests that if Maxwell had worked between Ampere and Faraday, he could have developed this Galilei‐invariant electromagnetic theory so that Faraday's discovery would have confronted physicists with the dilemma: give up the Galileian relativity principle for electromagnetism (ether hypothesis), or modify it (special relativity). This suggests a new pedagogical approach to electromagnetic theory, in which the displacement current and the Galileian relativity principle are introduced before the induction term is discussed.


This system use PC as the core of image analysis and processing, with the single chip processor as the control core execution, combining with machine vision image processing technology, using advanced image processing algorithms, to achieve separation of the nut, and through experiments to test the correctness of the algorithm. The system has the advantage of a fast processing speed and high reliability. It not only save the manpower cost, but also improve the efficiency of the nut sorting.


Replication is a useful technique for distributed database systems and has been implemented in EU data grid and HEP in CERN for handling huge data access. Replica selection in their prototypes still can be enhanced to provide high availability, fault tolerant and low in communication cost. This paper introduces a new replica control protocol, named Diagonal Replication in 2D Mesh (DR2M) for grid environment and compares its performance with the previous protocols. The performance in this paper is data availability for read and write operation, which are compared to the Read-One Write-All (ROWA), Voting (VT), Tree Quorum (TQ), Grid Configuration (GC), Three Dimensional Grid Structure (TDGS), and Diagonal Replication on Grid (DRG). This paper discusses the protocol of replicating data for grid environment, putting the protocol in a logical 2D mesh structure by employing the quorums and voting techniques. The data file is copied in a selected replica from the diagonal sites in each quorum. The selection of a replica depends on the diagonal location of the structured 2D mesh network where the middle replica is selected because it is the shortest path to get a copy of the data from most of the direction in the quorum. The algorithm in this paper also calculates the optimized number of nodes to be grouped in each quorum and how many quorums are needed for the number of nodes, N in a network. DR2M protocol also ensures that the data for read and write operations are consistent, by ensuring the quorum must not have a nonempty intersection quorum. To evaluate the DR2M protocol, we developed a simulation model in Java. Our results prove that our protocol improves the performance of data availability compared to the previous data replication protocol, namely Read-One Write-All (ROWA), Voting (VT), Tree Quorum (TQ), Grid Configuration (GC), Three Dimensional Grid Structure (TDGS), and Diagonal Replication on Grid (DRG).


The damper (or amortisseur) winding of synchronous motors (SM) is a critical component required for starting the motor. Several cases of forced outage of industrial processes due to starting failure of salient pole SMs caused by damper bar damage have recently been reported. Detection of damper bar failure is difficult since they are active only during motor starting, and testing in the field currently relies on off-line visual inspection. It was recently shown that broken damper bars can be detected from the airgap flux, but this requires installation of airgap flux sensors inside the motor. In this paper, a method based on analysis of the stator starting current is proposed for detecting broken damper bars. In addition, an electrical detection method based on signal injection from the motor terminals is proposed. The new methods have been devised to provide remote testing from the motor control center without motor disassembly required in existing tests. Experimental testing performed on a 30 kW salient pole SM prototype with emulated broken bars shows that the proposed methods can provide sensitive and reliable detection of damper bar failures.


Objective To study the relationship between K-ras mutation in pancreatic juice accompanying by serum CA 199 level and recurrence of pancreatic carcinoma.Methods K-ras point mutation was detected using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment-length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)in pure pancreatic juice(PPJ),which were collected from the pancreatic duct under endoscopic retrograde clolangio-pancreatic tography(ERCP).And serum CA 199 level were examined in 32 patients with pancreatic carcinoma.The relationships between K-ras,serum CA 199 level and recurrence rate were analyzed.Results(1)The positivity of K-ras point mutation in PPJ was 56.3%;The positivity of K-ras point mutation in PPJ correlated with tumors currence rate(P0.05).(2)The recurrence rate in high-serum CA 199 level group with positive K-ras point mutation in PPJ was 69.2%,while in hypo-serum CA 199 level was 20.0%(P0.05).Conclusion K-ras mutation in pancreatic juice and serum CA 199 level are effective in dictators for recurrence and prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma.The analysis of muliti-gene is more valuable than that of single.


The optical properties of GaAs/GaNxAs1−x superlattice structures grown by metal–organic vapor-phase epitaxy are studied by variable angle-of-incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry for photon energies from 0.75 to 1.55 eV. We employ Adachi's critical-point composite model, and we report the direct-band-gap energy E0 and the complex index of refraction of the GaNxAs1−x sublayers for x⩽3.3% from analysis of the ellipsometry data. We observe a strong redshift of E0 with increase in x, and a strong decrease of the E0 transition amplitude. The E0 values obtained for the superlattice structures are in good agreement with photoluminescence results, and also with previous reports from single epilayers. Structure, composition, layer thickness, and parallel and perpendicular lattice mismatch of the samples are studied by transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution x-ray diffraction investigations.


Induction hardening is a combination of heat transfer and electromagnetic,and the temperature dependence of the material properties causes that the induction heating load,i.e.the electro technical system formed by the induction coil and the work piece,changes its properties during the hardening cycle.Relationship of hardening parameters is analyzed,dynamic models for power supply current and frequency and part moving speed are presented.The energy source is considered as a device supplying the variant voltage or the variant current at a given frequency.The models are based on the numerical evaluation of the load impedance during the hardening cycle.These models can then be utilized in the design of a power supply,its control system and optimization control of induction hardening process.


In view of the difficulty in surfaces reconstruction from 3D incomplete data,an innovative holes repairing algorithm for triangle mesh or incomplete points data is put forward:Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin(MLPG) method is employed.Moving least square method (MLSM) is applied for boundary extraction of incomplete points cloud.The algorithm of layer-by-layer nodal arrangement is proposed.3D incomplete data repairing strategy is proposed based on least energy principle and MLPG method. Corresponding computer program is compiled,repairing experiments to holes of conicoid and thin shell production have been done employing strategy hereinbefore.Moreover,the integral circular region in general MLPG method is improved to integral polygon region.The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed algorithm.Error is very little,and surface repair result is ideal.


In this article the debatable questions about the Bologna process implementation into the Ukrainian medical education are studied including thequestions about the students and teachers mobility, teaching load standards, students' knowledge evaluation system, peculiarities of students' training in clinical departments. Our own experience of the Bologna Declaration statements implementation into the pedagogical activities of pediatric department of Lviv National Medical University is described.


In this paper I develop a critique of Kantian ethics, and more precisely a critique of a particular conception of moral reasoning. The fundamental assumption that underlies the conception that I am targeting is that to justify (morally or otherwise) an action is (perhaps with an 'all things being equal' clause) to settle its value, in such a way that all rational participants would have to acknowledge that value. As an alternative to the Kantian conception, I propose a conception in which the basic unit of moral reasoning is not an action but rather what I call an 'ethical position'—where an ethical position is where, at any given moment and with respect to the matter at hand, you stand, and where moral reasoning consists in the articulation of ethical positions.


Abstract Death is not a single event at the end of life. The death and rebirth of the self are a continuous life span developmental process for which the therapist is the midwife. This article summarizes the basic premises of the loss and transcendence paradigm, illustrated with a case history, and within this framework sets forth the optimal therapeutic endeavormoving beyond cure to healing.


The effect of different concentrations of phosphorus on phosphorus distribution among lemna minor-overlay water-sediment was studied by stimulated test in laboratory.The result showed that the absorbed efficiency of phosphorus by lemna minor rose with the increase of the phosphorus concentration in overlay water.The phosphorus concentration in overlay water had obvious impact on the activity of alkaline phosphates in the sediment.The phosphorus distribution between overlay water and sediment was mainly related to the difference of phosphorus contents of them.The lower the concentration of dissolvable phosphorus was,the more activity the alkaline phosphatase in the sediment had.In the concrete,a reducing tendency of phosphorus content in sediment was obtain when concentration of phosphorus in overlay before cultivating was no more than 0.5 mg/L and a raising tendency when the concentration fluctuated from 2 to 50 mg/L.


In recent years, with the development of industry technology, introduction of autonomous mobile robots to environments close to us is expected. Examples include shopping cart robots automatically returning to the shopping cart shed after shopping, and guide robots directing the way from the current location to the starting location in unknown environment. In this paper, we propose a mobile robot system that has a function of returning to the starting location autonomously while avoiding obstacles which are not present on the way to the current location. We verified the validity of the system by using the wheel mobile robot with LRF.


The effect of pressure from 60 to over 400 kbar has been measured on the resistance of selenium and iodine. Selenium exhibits a very rapid drop in resistance between 60 and 128 kbar; at 128 kbar it shows a discontinuous drop. At higher pressures its behavior is apparently metallic. Iodine shows a rapid drop in resistance from 60 kbar to the region of 225–255 kbar where there is relatively abrupt change of slope. At higher pressures the change in resistance with pressure is much smaller. It is interesting to note that the optical energy gap of selenium extrapolates to zero at about 130 kbar, while the optical gap for iodine extrapolates to zero at 240 kbar.


In the paper, we discuss how a "family timing" may be a crucial factor in international mobility and result in reflexive learning outside the occupational context. The paper is based on narrative i ...


The production of ochratoxin A by Aspergillus ochraceus and of ochratoxin A and citrinin by Penicillium viridicatum growing on previously sterilised barley for 200 days at 5, 10 and 20°C and a water activity of 0.85 is reported. A. ochraceus did not grow at 5°C, multiplied slowly at 10°C but did not produce toxin. At 20°C the organism multiplied more quickly and produced ochratoxin after 19 days, which slowly disappeared over the next 150 days. P. viridicatum grew slowly at 5°C but did not produce any toxin. It multiplied at 10°C and produced ochratoxin A which was only detectable during the period from 100 to 150 days. At 20°C both ochratoxin A and citrinin were produced. Ochratoxin A was detected after 10 days and was still present after 240 days, whereas citrinin was produced in large quantities between 118 and 129 days and then rapidly disappeared.


In view of the anticipated near-term appearance of commercial coal-water slurry (CWS) fuels, least-cost modes of their transportation should be considered now. Unlike dilute pipeline transport slurries (typically 50 percent solids) a CWS fuel is a stable, highly-loaded (typically 70 percent or more solids) with vastly different rheological properties. The high solids loading and stabilization against settling produce effective viscosities one or more orders of magnitude greater than those of dilute slurries. Pipeline transportation of such fuels for more than a few miles thus becomes economically unattractive. In the future, further physical refinement or slight dilution of CWS fuels may permit long-range transmission by slurry pipeline once they become available. In the meantime, distribution of these fuels to serve widely dispersed industrial users will be accomplished by barge or rail. In the latter case the high flow-friction characteristics will preclude use of the unit ''Tank Train'' system designed for loading and unloading via a single connection at high rates of flow. This limitation does not rule out assembly of unit trains of individually-loaded tank cars if desired. The optimum location of CWS fuel plants relative to mine-mouth coal preparation plants and/or pipeline terminals will require modeling of multi-mode transportation networksmore » in order to determine the least-cost combination for serving the needs of industrial as well as utility CWS users.« less