[Context and motivation] It becomes increasingly difficult to implement and establish a qualitative requirements engineering (RE) continuously in end-to-end system. Missing stakeholder analysis and miscasts within the project management (PM) are additional reasons for a poor causal chain in projects. [Question/problem] Scientific papers (P1) were collected from earlier journals/magazines and conferences to understand the statements and allegations of two prominent sources (The Standish Group (1995) and Rogers (2016)) The content examination is carried out in the form of aka Causes and Effects (C&E) diagram, the Ishikawa-diagram. [Principal ideas/results] With the help of the results obtained from both sources and the P1, perfectly tailored requirements Product Requirements Information (PRI) are made available to all stakeholders in a requirements catalog. With the help of a project (Pilot1), unspecified requirements from industrial operators are additionally used as further input in order to model PRI. [Contribution] The purpose of this paper is to deliver solutions, procedure models regarding the two prominent sources to model the future PRIs.


The article deals with important biographical aspects in the work of Bertolt Brecht.The main focus of the study is on the early period of the writer's life in Augsburg.The influence of folk street celebrations on the formation of aesthetic views of theyoung artist is considered. Bertolt Brecht's unknown or little-known publicationsin the Augsburg newspapers of 1914-1921 on the peculiarities of moderntheatrical art are analyzed. A detailed analysis of Bertolt Brecht's theatricalreviews gives an idea of the formation of the future playwright, as well asexpands the idea of the spheres of influence on his creative personality in hisyouth. The decisive importance for the author-beginner of folk street celebrationsas a platform for observation of the peculiarities of human behavior, for the studyof different types of people. The influence of sport as a popular and massspectacle on the formation of Bertolt Brecht's ideas about a new kind of theatricaland dramatic art that will be popular with modern audiences is also considered.The article offers the reader new, still unknown facts from the life and work of thefamous German playwright and poet.


The Kushiro-Oki earthquake occurred off Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan, on January 15, 1993. The epicentral coordinates given by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) are 42°51'N and 144°23'E. The focal depth is 107 km and the JMA magnitude is 7.8. According to Kasahara (1993), this earthquake took place in the Pacific plate descending beneath Hokkaido. The double-planed deep seismic zone appears in this region and the present earthquake is located on the lower seismic plane. A cluster of aftershocks was observed in an area of about 40 •~ 40 km2 and the epicenter of the main shock is located near the southeast corner of the aftershock area. Kasahara (1993) named this the Kushiro-Oki cluster. Another cluster of aftershocks was observed in a small area which is located at about 50 km east of the epicenter of the main shock. This one is called the Akkeshi-Oki cluster by Kasahara (1993) and the activity is not so energetic as that of the Kushiro-Oki cluster. There is a seismic gap in space between the two clusters. The hypocenters of the Kushiro-Oki cluster formed an almost horizontal plane at a depth of about 100 km and the hypocenter of the main shock is also located on it. The main shock is composed of the main event and the pre-event that occurred 6 s before the main event. A focal mechanism solution has been obtained for the pre-event


The cardiovascular lesions in 34 cases of Marfan's syndrome which were studied post mortem are reviewed. Recent reports show that the most common and most important lesion is cystic necrosis of the media which results in aneurysmal formations of the ascending aorta. The aneurysm may be fusiform and the aortic ring dilated, producing a marked aortic insufficiency, or there may be a dissecting aneurysm, either recent or chronic. Valvular lesions are common but probably not important. Septal defects are occasionally encountered but are not functionally significant.


Abstract : In the report a nomogram for the solution of Saha's equation is given. This nomogram was developed for the engineer or scientist working in the plasma field who wants a means to find an approximate plasma composition for a given pressure and temperature without too much effort for survey purposes. Nomograms of similar nature have been developed before by Unsoeld. The nomogram given in this report is designed especially for the determination of the electron density, which is important for applications to plasmas in devices designed for research in direct energy conversion.


uncontrollable life adversities occur within the observation period. Hence, further studies will have to identify the most adequate time point to assess the eiects of short term psychotherapeutic interventions. Possibly, the answer is somewhere inbetween immediate eiects (measured at the end of treatment as suggested by us) and the one year delay proposed by Neuner and co workers. We agree that there can be pragmatic reasons to delay post treatment assessments, however, we feel that one year after the end of treatment may be too long, particularly within fast changing social situations with multiple stressors. Altogether, we agree that our ¢eld should further strive for eiective interventions. It remains to be seen to what degree they should focus on social contextualisation or universal models of neuropsychological brain function. In any case, we would not be able to discuss these points without the ground breaking studies of Neuner and co workers, to whom we express our deepest respect.


The data on toxic and signaling properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells of blood vessels are presented in this review. High concentrations of ROS are naturally characteristic properties of so-called professional phagocytes, the cells of innate immunity, whereas in other cells, the high concentrations of ROS is a sign of oxidative stress. At the same time, low concentrations of ROS are permanently generated in almost all the cells of an organism and perform signaling functions as the secondary messengers in redoxsensitive signaling pathways. Vascular endothelium plays a very important role in maintenance of homeostasis, and as a rule, it is a target and one of the sources of ROS. According to some data, the local concentration of both exogenous, and endogenous ROS can reach 500 uM. Oxidative stress enhances a permeability of blood-tissue barriers, and ROS contributes significantly to development of pulmonary and brain pathologies in hypoxia and hyperoxia. Disturbance in endothelial permeability can be associated with the influence of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species on key metabolic enzymes, as well as on various units of signaling and effector pathways. Which agonists cause the primary disturbance of intracellular homeostasis? What are the mechanisms of modulation of the primary disturbance? What is the role of endogenous and exogenous sources of ROS in disturbance of intracellular homeostasis? These are the most important questions, on the solution of which the efficacy of diagnostics and treatment of cardiovascular diseases largely depend.


Multimedia signals, are specifically disclosed it is irrelevant to the speed change of the audio signal to provide a method and apparatus for retrieving the index information from the speech signal. Therefore, the method includes multimedia signals, for example, extracting a set of powerful perceptual features from the power spectrum of the audio signal (12, 13). By Fourier Mellin transform (15), the power spectrum is converted into Fourier coefficients undergoing a phase change only when the audio reproduction speed is changed. These magnitude or phase difference (16) constitutes an invariant fingerprint information on the speed change. By the threshold operation (19), it can be represented by a few bits fingerprint information.


The first series of light rail vehicles with squirrel-cage induction motors is being delivered by Duewag to the Dusseldorf Rhine Railway. Based on the popular Koln version of Duewag's Type B articulated car, the power electronics were developed specially for the B80D by a combined team from BBC and Siemens. Energy savings of around 25 per cent are anticipated, and maintenance of the traction motors of one unit should be reduced by DM50,000 over 10 years.


The ultrasonic nonlinear parameter ββ is used to quantify nonlinearity, which is measured from the displacement amplitudes of the fundamental and second-order harmonic frequency components. A few techniques have been designed to measure the ultrasonic nonlinear parameter ββ such as capacitive detection method, laser interferometer method, and piezo-electric method. Among them, the piezo-electric method developed by G.E. Dace [1] is more commonly used than the other methods, because this method has advantages that equipment of conventional ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) can be used, the signalto-noise ratio is relatively high, and the measurement result is less affected by surface roughness. This method converts the electrical output from the transducer into displacement via a transfer function that is obtained in advance from the calibration. Nevertheless, there still is a problem that the measured ultrasonic nonlinear parameter contains not only the material nonlinearity but also the system nonlinearity from pulser. Therefore, the pure material nonlinearity excluding system nonlinearity cannot be measured.


Three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method was employed to simulate the forces exerted on a fixed spherical particle close to the bottom in oscillatory boundary layer flow.Simulated results agree well with both the numerical results (when the Reynolds number Re is equaled to 300) and the experimental results (when Re=2000) reported in the literatures.In condition that Re=300,the force coefficient values possess the same variation process for both forward and reverse flow.The spatial distribution of the span-wise vortices is symmetric.For Re=2000,due to the increase of turbulence intensity,there exist differences in the evolution of force coefficients during forward and reverse flow,and the span-wise vortices show asymmetry distribution while the span-wise force is exerted on the particle.


In this paper I outline the theory of institutional economics developed by John R. Commons and contrast it with neoclassical economic theory. Key concepts in Commons' theory are bounded rationality, property rights, working rules, institutions, transactions and incomplete contracts. Although Commons' writings tend toward the obscure and descriptive, I demonstrate that on a deeper level of analysis his ideas and concepts provide the basis for an alternative body of economic theory. In certain respects, this body of theory complements neoclassical theory by fleshing-out the institutional infrastructure that governs and regulates market exchange. In other respects, however, Commons' theory of institutional economics is a heterodox substitute for neoclassical theory because it is built using a different methodology, replaces or modifies central theoretical pillars of neoclassical theory, and denies the validity of the 'Invisible Hand' theorem and other core neoclassical propositions. Commons' institutional economics also provides a theoretical framework for an integration of the economic and social dimensions of human behaviour.


The gradual recognition in the United States of the importance of learning languages other than English has involved a number of initiatives intended to provide common frameworks for foreign language (FL) instruction and teacher education, among other areas. At the same time, some recent studies have looked into critical issues related to the social, cultural, and political conditions in which FL teaching and learning take place in this country. This qualitative study seeks to examine some of those issues from the perspective of Spanish teachers in public and private institutions of elementary, secondary, and higher education.


The chicken anemia virus vp2 gene was PCR amplified with a pair primers designed according to the published genomic sequence of CAV Cux-1 strain. The PCR fragment was cloned into pGM-T easy vector and sequenced. The amplified vp2 sequence was identical to that of Cux-1 strain. The vp2 fragment was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector PET-32a (+),and the recombinant protein was expressed in E.coli cell. The expressed product was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot,and purified by Ni-NTA His·BindRResins under native conditions. The recombinat protein had a molecular weight of 45 ku and was shown to react positively with CAV-infected chicken serum in Western blot.


This article sketches the prevailing sense of moral crisis with reference to the film
Code Unknown. Following this cultural diagnosis, it analyses three responses to
such a sense of moral crisis and suggests that an ethos of hospitality is necessary for
the sake of public morality. It concludes by offering an analysis of five dimensions
that may be identified with reference to such an ethos of hospitality.


Fundamental theories, like strings, supergravity, Kaluza-Klein, lead after dimensional reduction and a suitable choice of field configurations, to an effective action in four dimensions where gravity is coupled non-mininally to one scalar field, and minimally to another scalar field. These scalar fields couple non-trivially between themselves. A radiation field is also considered in this effective action. All the possibilities connected to those fundamental theories are labeled by two parameters $n$ (related to the non-trivial coupling of the scalar fields) and $\omega$, connected to the coupling of the Brans-Dicke like field to gravity. Exact solutions are found, exhibiting a singulariy-free behaviour, from the four dimensional point of view, for some values of those parameter. The flatness and horizon problems for these solutions are also analyzed. It is discussed to which extent the solutions found are non-singular from the point of view of the original frames. This reveals to be a much complex problem.


In diabetes mellitus (DM), both hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia can initiate accumulation of fat in the liver, which might be further mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase. We have studied changes in GLUT1, nitric oxide (NO·) concentration and liver damage in two rat DM models. STZ model was induced by strepozotocin 50 mg/kg. HS model was induced by high‐fat diet and 30 mg/kg streptozotocin. GLUT1 expression was studied by means of real‐time RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. Production of NO· was monitored by means of erythrocyte sedimentation rate spectroscopy of Fe‐DETC‐NO complex. Liver damage was assessed using histological activity index (HAI). NO· concentration was increased in the liver of STZ rats, but it did not change in HS rats (control 36.8 ± 10.3; STZ 142.1 ± 31.1; HS 35.4 ± 9.8 ng/g). Liver HAI was higher in STZ group, 8.6 ± 0.17 versus HS 4.7 ± 0.31, p < 0.05. GLUT1 protein expression was elevated only in STZ group, 16 ± 3 cells/mm2 versus Control 5 ± 2 cells/mm2, p = 0.007. Hyperglycaemia sooner causes severe liver damage in rat models of DM, compared with hyperlipidaemia, and is associated with increased NO· production. GLUT1 transporter expression might be involved in toxic effects of glucose in the liver.


Future multimedia communication system can be developed to identify, transmit and provide odors besides voice and image. In this paper, an improved odor identification method is introduced. We present an analysis of center-gradient and a new method of using convergence parameters in training RBFN-SVD-SG (radial basis function network using Singular Value Decomposition combined with stochastic gradient) algorithm for odor identification. Through mathematical analysis, it was found that the steady-state weight fluctuation and large values of convergence parameter can lead to an increase of variance of center-gradient, which induces ill-behaving convergence. The proposed method of using raised-cosine functions for time-decaying convergence parameter shows faster convergence and better recognition performance


To the Editor: Liver function tests are routinely performed as part of the initial staging of breast cancer. Significant elevation of one or both amino transferases usually indicates intrahepatic pathology, and metastatic spread to the liver must then be excluded. The underlying cause, however, may prove elusive. A 53-year-old postmenopausal woman presented in April 1999 with a locally advanced carcinoma of the right breast. Excision biopsy showed a 50 mm grade III invasive ductal carcinoma with lymphovascular invasion and negative estrogen receptor (ER) staining. Routine staging investigations revealed a markedly elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) level of 813 U/L (range 14–36 U/L) with no corresponding increase in alanine transferase (ALT) or other liver function tests (LFTs). Previous LFTs in 1986 had been entirely normal. On gastroenterology review, no relevant causative factors could be identified and hepatitis screen, autoimmune profile, and hemolysis screen were all normal. Further imaging and a transjugular liver biopsy revealed no sign of metastatic or other disease, indicating that the AST was of extrahepatic origin. The patient underwent a right mastectomy and level II axillary dissection confirming the histology. Although no potentially hepatotoxic anesthetic agents were administered, a further increase in AST to 1325 U/L was seen postoperatively. She received five cycles of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m 2 ), epirubicin (60 mg/m 2 ), and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m 2 ). During adjuvant chemotherapy, decreasing levels of AST were seen, which continued to decrease and then remained normal despite subsequent local relapse in an internal mammary node. Aspartate transaminase is widely distributed in the body, having high concentrations in liver, red blood cells, kidney, skeletal muscle, and heart. The upper reference limit is 36 U/L. Markedly raised levels (greater than 1000 U/L) may be found in acute viral hepatitis, drug-induced hepatitis, ischemic hepatitis, and occasionally acute common bile duct stone impaction (1). Moderately elevated levels (2–10 times normal) may be seen in patients with chronic liver disease, cholestasis, and metastases. Similar increases may also be noted after trauma or in patients with significant hemolytic anemia. In addition, levels may be raised in patients with hypothyroidism and muscular dystrophies, with a coexistent increase in creatinine kinase. A factitious increase in AST may also be seen if in vitro hemolysis has occurred (2). The etiology of the persistently elevated AST in our patient, with decreasing levels during and subsequent to chemotherapy is unclear. In addition, the additional 75% increase in AST after mastectomy, despite no potentially hepatotoxic agents being administered, has not been explained. An isolated increase in AST is usually of hepatic origin. However, imaging failed to reveal the presence of metastatic disease within the liver, and if the liver had been diffusely infiltrated, one would expect this to be demonstrated on hepatic biopsy. This case illustrates that very high AST levels are not always associated with significant liver disease, and attempts should be made to make a diagnosis of the cause.


We classify braided $\mathbb{Z}_q$-extensions of pointed fusion categories, where $q$ is a prime number. As an application, we classify modular categories of Frobenius-Perron dimension $q^3$.


Free-flow electrophoresis of spinach chloroplasts reveals that illumination causes a marked increase of net negative surface charge. The light stimulation is most pro- nounced in broken chloroplasts, missing the outer envelope membranes. Broken chloroplasts, prepared in the presence of MgCl2, showed a much larger light stimulation (90-12Ph) than if MgClz was omitted during preparation (40-5OOh). The effects of mono- and divalent cations on electrophoretic mo- bility and its stimulation by light are not simply explainable in terms of the Gouy-Chapman theory of the diffuse double layer. In addition to their charge-screening effect, these ions influence the membrane integrity and presumably thereby the energy-linked exposure of negative surface charges. The light


Introducing of TOPSIS ideas,this paper using the improved DEA method measures technology relatively efficiency of 30 provinces in China from 1990 to 2008.The exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) is utilized to investigate spatial-temporal differences characteristics and distribution patterns of technology relatively efficiency and matches spatial feature of technology relatively efficiency and regional economic differences.Results indicate that: technology relatively efficiency is significantly spatial autocorrelation,showing characteristics of spatial concentration.Technical efficiency shows reducing trend gradually,having the function of promoting regional economic convergence.Technology relative efficiency and economic development shows a negative correlation of binary space,so factor inputs are the dominant factor in economic growth.The diffusion capacity of technical efficiency and economic radiation is imited,so technical efficiency is not yet a source of coordinated development of regional economy,and economic development is not the only factor of technical efficiency.Improving technical efficiency through technology diffusion effect is the focus of attention.


According to the idea of secondary endosymbiosis, plastids with three and four envelope membranes have evolved from either red or green algal endosymbionts engulfed by phagotrophic protozoans. Although this hypothesis is nowadays commonly accepted, the number of secondary endosymbioses still remains controversial. One of the models, known as the "chromalveolate" hypothesis, postulates that the 4 membrane‐bound plastids of Chromista and the 3 or 4 membrane‐bound plastids of Alveolata result from a single secondary endosymbiosis involving a rhodophyte as the endosymbiont. Although this model has found many followers, a variety of data clearly contradict it. The ideas that became the direct inspiration for formulation of the "chromalveolate" hypothesis are also now questionable. In this comment, I discuss all these problems in the light of the most recent phylogenetic, cytological, and genomic data.


The continuous time-tagging of photon arrival times for high count rate sources is necessary for applications such as optical communications, quantum key encryption, and astronomical measurements. Detection of Hanbury- Brown Twiss photon correlations from thermal sources such as stars requires a combination of high dynamic range, long integration times and low systematics in the photon detection and time tagging system. The continuous nature of the measurements and the need for highly accurate timing resolution requires a customized time-to-digital converter (TDC). We used a custom built, two-channel, FPGA-based TDC to continuously time tag single photons with sub clock cycle timing resolution for correlation measurements. We used autocorrelation and cross-correlation measurement tools to constrain spurious systematic effects in the pulse count data as a function of system variables. These variables included, but were not limited to, incident photon count rate, incoming signal attenuation, and measurements of fixed signals. We present an overview of the results of these tests, the types of systematic effects that the results imply, and how those effects may be accounted for and corrected to levels below those required for photon correlation measurements.


In this paper, the WO 3 nanoparticles(NPs) were prepared by a facile and low cost chemical coprecipitation method. Then the Pt-WO 3 and Au-WO 3 were synthesized. The morphologies of the samples were represented by XRD and SEM. Sensing characteristics of novel metal doped WO 3 sensors were investigated by exposure to SO 2 gas at different operating temperature. The sensor response for SO 2 gas was measured with different concentrations from 100 ppb to 16 ppm. As a result, the 1 wt%Pt-WO 3 sensor presented a greatly low detection limit of 100 ppb at optimum operating temperature of 160 ℃. The sensitivity of 1 wt%Pt-WO 3 sensor for 100 ppb reached 4.1. As well as a better sensor response as compared to the other SO 2 gas sensor. It demonstrated that the Pt-WO 3 materials may be used to develop the commercial SO 2 gas sensor.


of D.D.T. in human food in the U.S.A. despite the fact that its use in agriculture had shown no downward trend. It seems probable that D.D.T. may be used more intelligently, so that food becomes less contaminated. Though attempts are being made to reduce the use of these persistent organochlorine insecticides,5 it is uncertain how far action taken in Britain can affect the levels in our food, for much of the animal products containing the D.D.T. is imported. Details are given by H. Egan" in an informative article, and data from prepared meals are available.7 The main concern of the medical profession is whether the presence of these small amounts of D.D.T. and dieldrin are harmful. W. J. Hayes8 has clearly presented and carefully evaluated the evidence, and he concludes that from our experience of twenty years' use there is no evidence that D.D.T. can injure people, even those who are much more heavily exposed than are the general population. People occupationally exposed to it have far higher levels in their fat, and they excrete much greater quantities of D.D.T. metabolites. The importance of studying the most heavily exposed populations has been emphasized by a World Health Organization Expert Committee.9 It is hoped that no time will be lost in setting up a prospective survey of those groups inevitably and heavily exposed to D.D.T. during its application in the W.H.O. malaria eradication programme. Some studies on mice0 suggest that exposure to low levels of D.D.T. continuously may have adverse effects on the third and fourth generation, and Dr. Abbott and his colleagues have shown that man is indeed exposed from the womb to the tomb. The studies on mice are to be repeated in several centres working under the auspices of the International Cancer Research Centre in Lyons, and it is as well to suspend judgement on the long-term hazards presented by D.D.T. To try to put the toxic hazards in perspective, it is perhaps helpful to bear in mind that any member of the general population not occupationally exposed to either compound will each day ingest on average 0.33 mg. of lead but only 0.02 mg. of D.D.T., and in his blood there will be more than 30 atoms of lead for every molecule of D.D.T. Everyone has heard of chronic lead poisoning in people occupationally exposed to the metal, but chronic D.D.T. poisoning has not yet been described even in men receiving each day over one thousand times the amount of D.D.T. taken in by the general population." No one doubts the wisdom of trying to reduce the contamination of the environment by biologically active chemicals that persist long after the period of their effective action has passed. Such persistence may, among other things, encourage the emergence of resistant strains from otherwise sensitive populations of the target pest. Recent events have highlighted the human tragedies from the effects of resistant microorganisms appearing after the unintelligent use of antibiotics, and a committee has now been set up to look into the problem."I Already several committees have reported on the use of insecticides that have never killed anyone in this country. It seems possible that a preoccupation with hypothetical hazards to man from insecticides has atrated more attention than the real hazards arising from an unwise use of antibiotics.


The rapid growth of the powder coatings industry over the past ten years has brought with it dramatic changes in the technology of the manufacturing process and in the products themselves. Powder coatings have become recognised as a high performance and cost‐effective alternative to conventional wet paint systems. The increasing numbers of discerning end users who have adopted powder as a finishing process have demanded demonstrable improvements in product quality and performance over their existing finishing systems. This has lent additional impetus to the drive for better products and has accelerated the pace of technological change within the industry. Pressure on powder manufacturers has resulted in increasingly tighter requirements for consistency of product quality and none more so than in control of the colour of the powder coating, especially for demanding applications such as architectural and domestic appliance coatings.


Dynamic modeling of spoken dialogue seeks to capture how interlocutors change their speech over the course of a conversation. Much work has focused on how speakers adapt or entrain to different asp ...


s: Teachers are practical trainer of talents, and their quality decides talents quality. In the 21st century, the teachers must have these following qualities, that is, wide business knowledge quality, excellent teaching ability and good thinking moral quality.


Active squamosal chronic otitis media is a challenging disease for both patients and doctors. Traditionally performing bilateral mastoidectomy has been feared with a dreadful complication like bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, facial palsy, cerebrospinal fluid leak or retrograde thrombophlebitis and thus was reserved for patients who were chronic ill with bilateral active squamosal disease and couldn't wait for two staged procedure, or those who want to avoid the hassle of two admissions and operations and those who couldn't afford two surgeries. In our patient, with single stage bilateral surgery there was no complication and the patient recovered completely. So, we suggest that bilateral mastoidectomies can be performed in squamosal chronic otitis media if needed. © This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


Low temperature operation of an impregnated cathode has been achieved by introducing Sc atoms into a mono-atomic-order layer on the cathode surface. The mechanism of electron emission enhancement of the Sc type impregnated cathode has been clarified by Auger electron spectroscopy as well as X ray diffraction. It is found that the electron emission is enhanced by the presence of the surface mono-atomic-order layer composed of Ba, Sc and O, that reduces the cathode work function. Among all, formation mechanism of atomic Sc plays the most important role. The following reaction to produce Sc atoms is proposed. Sc2W3O12+3Ba=2Sc+3BaWO4 Based on the mechanism of electron enhancement, a (W-Sc2W3O12) coated impregnated cathode is proposed. This cathode is found to be more stable, i.e. more reproducible, than the previously proposed (W-Sc2O3) coated impregnated cathode. Improved stability is seen both in obtaining a good electron emission current and in fabricating coated films of designed properties.


This study investigated the the gas jet forming process for optical aspherical mirror blanks. The trend of the influence of the gas jet parameters on the surface shape of the mirror blanks was inferred by analysing the variation in the morphology of the gas jet stream. Based on the theoretical analysis, the inference was verified by numerical simulation. The experimental results were compared with the simulation predictions, and it was found that the average prediction deviation for the diameter was 1.07 mm, while the average prediction deviation for the principal curvature was 0.03665 mm−1, which is challenging to correct in simulation. Therefore, we developed a dimensionless prediction model of the surface curvature and surface diameter of the mirror blanks by considering the jet parameters using experimental data. The model's average prediction error for the surface diameter of the formed surface was 0.3192 mm, and the average prediction error of the principal curvature for the formed surface was 0.00269 mm−1.


Two-year-olds have been in the news a great deal in the past year, having featured heavily in government policy, but where exactly is the best place to care for and educate them?


This research was originally presented as a chapter in the doctoral dissertation On Becoming a People's College: An Appreciative Inquiry. Appreciative Inquiry (Ai) is a participatory approach to organizational change focused on an affirmative topic choice. The topic choice of the dissertation was equity, democracy, and justice at the selected site. This article shares the motivations and relevant characteristics of the chosen fieldwork site, De Anza College. Three categories of considerations for the role of place and placemaking within the institution's hidden curriculum are described: institutional identities, organizational features, and resource scarcity. These characteristics are followed by a discussion of levers of change for enhancing the role of placemaking within the hidden curriculum: prefigurative politics, creativity, and the Anchor Institution approach.


The economic and human costs of waging war in the 21st century are extraordinary, and the rapid advancement of technology runs contrary to the deliberate pace of bureaucratic decision– making frameworks. By increasing the use of robotics, unmanned vehicles and simulation training, we can improve efficiency and effectiveness across the defense space — and more broadly, across the civilian space. The rapid growth of these industries worldwide is evidence of their burgeoning importance; in engaging the challenges of 21st century defense we should be positioned to lead with these technological solutions. The U.S. military will increasingly seek to use technology to supplant dirty, dull and dangerous missions; and the increasingly capital– intensive systems used in defense will require simulation training to reduce cost curves. In addition, all of these new technologies necessitate improvements in security and legal frameworks.


The sensitivity to cholesterol depletion of calcium handling by rat submandibular glands was investigated. The glands were digested with collagenase. After homogenization, the lysate was extracted at 4°C with 0.5% Triton X‐100 and the extract was submitted to an ultracentrifugation in a sucrose discontinuous gradient. A population of detergent‐resistant membranes (DRM) was collected at the 5%–35% interface. The DRM had a higher content of cholesterol, saturated and long‐chain fatty acids. Caveolin‐1 and αq/11 were located in these membranes. They were more ordered than vesicles from total cellular lysate as determined by anisotropy measurement. They disappeared after cholesterol extraction with methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MCD). Exposure of the cellular suspension with MCD nearly abolished the response to carbachol, epinephrine, and substance P and inhibited the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) by these agonists and by sodium fluoride. MCD did not affect the mobilization of intracellular pools of calcium by thapsigargin. It increased the uptake of extracellular calcium or barium and did not inhibit the uptake of calcium after depletion of the intracellular stores of this ion. From these results, it is concluded that Triton X‐100 can extract a fraction of membrane resistant to detergents. Treatment of the cells with MCD disrupts these membranes. The coupling between the heterotrimeric GTP‐binding protein Gq/11 and poly‐phosphoinositide‐specific PLC is affected by disruption of these membrane fractions. At the opposite, the store‐operated calcium channel (SOCC) is not affected by DRM‐disruption. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults that seriously endangers the life and visual function of patients. After repeated discussions by domestic experts from the Ophthalmological Society of China Medicine Education Association, the Oculoplastic and Orbital Disease Group of Chinese Ophthalmological Society of Chinese Medical Association, and the Ocular Oncology Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association, we put forward consensus opinions on the standardization of UM diagnosis and treatment, hoping to provide references for ophthalmologists and relevant professional clinicians in their work practice, so as to improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of UM. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57:886-897).


Examined here is the way the link between capitalism and bonded labour has been interpreted and reinterpreted in the debate over the past half century about rural development in India. A number of those who initially equated debt bondage with a pre-capitalist production relation, and dismissed arguments that unfree labour and accumulation were compatible, changed their minds and espoused the interpretation they had previously opposed. Among the resulting errors perpetuated by more recent entrants to this debate is a misinterpretation of Marxist theory about both relational and systemic transition. The ensuing confusion has prevented them from understanding either the genesis of the debate about the role of unfreedom in advanced capitalism, or why – in the form of deproletarianisation – bonded labour currently serves the ends of the agribusiness enterprise.


SUBTITLE: THE NUMBER OF CONCEPTS FOR FREIGHT VESSELS CAPABLE OF OPERATING AT SPEEDS OF 40 TO 50 KNOTS IS BEING INCREASED BY DESIGNS WITH LONGER CRUISING RANGES.


The Smooth-Particle-Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is derived in a novel manner by means of a Galerkin approximation applied to the Lagrangian equations of continuum mechanics as in the finite-element method. This derivation is modified to replace the SPH interpolant with the Moving-Least-Squares (MLS) interpolant of Lancaster and Saulkaskas, and define a new particle volume which ensures thermodynamic compatibility. A variable-rank modification of the MLS interpolants which retains their desirable summation properties is introduced to remove the singularities that occur when divergent flow reduces the number of neighbours of a particle to less than the minimum required. A surprise benefit of the Galerkin SPH derivation is a theoretical justification of a common ad hoc technique for variable-h SPH. The new MLSPH method is conservative if an anti-symmetric quadrature rule for the stiffness matrix elements can be supplied. In this paper, a simple one-point collocation rule is used to retain similarity with SPH, leading to a non-conservative method. Several examples document how MLSPH renders dramatic improvements due to the linear consistency of its gradients on three canonical difficulties of the SPH method: spurious boundary effects, erroneous rates of strain and rotation and tension instability. Two of these examples are non-linear Lagrangian patch tests with analytic solutions with which MLSPH agrees almost exactly. The examples also show that MLSPH is not absolutely stable if the problems are run to very long times. A linear stability analysis explains both why it is more stable than SPH and not yet absolutely stable and an argument is made that for realistic dynamic problems MLSPH is stable enough. The notion of coherent particles, for which the numerical stability is identical to the physical stability, is introduced. The new method is easily retrofitted into a generic SPH code and some observations on performance are made. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective:To compare the prevention function of ethyl alcohol adds the Hirudoid union dexamethasone to prevent the chemotherapy phlebitis with the Vinorelbine.Methods:64 example non-cellule lung cancer patients were divided into two groups randomly,the chemotherapy plan chooses the Vinorelbine to add along the platinum,adds the dexamethasone 5 mg static note around the dead center Vinorelbine with physiological saline 100 ml,A group chooses with the ethyl alcohol spreads the partial Hirudoidexternal use wet,but B group applies 50% magnesium sulfate cold wet packing,has and the local pain situation compared with two groups of phlebitises.Results:A group of phlebitis formation rate was lower than B group obviously,and ache response's occurrence B group of few,two groups of differences have statistics significance.Conclusions:Spreads wet using the ethyl alcohol adds Hirudoid distant ready to prevents and controls the vein infusion Vinorelbine to send the chemotherapy phlebitis curative effect to surpass 50% magnesium sulfate cold wet packing,its curative effect is accurate,the method are simple and worth the clinical promotion.


Advanced Battery Material Research (BMR) Vehicle Technologies Office FY 18 Milestones: • Develop 2nd generation of organo-LixSy lithium protection layers with tuned functionality. • Demonstrate the uniform and dendritic Li deposition under the protection of 2nd generation organo-LixSy lithium layers. • Demonstrate Li anodes using the Li-ion conducting layer with ~99.2% CE for ~300 cycles at a rate of ~1.5 mA/cm2 and deposition amount of ~3 mAh/cm2. FY18 Deliverables: Demonstrate use of the protected Li anodes in Li-S battery cells. Funding: — FY17: $377,208; FY18: $379,773, FY19: $380,338 Electrochemically Responsive Self-Formed Li-ion Conductors for High Performance Li Metal Anodes


It is pointed out that the possibility of chemical separation of isotopes is a quantum effect. This permits a direct calculation of the difference in the free energies of two isotopic molecules. Tables and approximation methods are given which permit a rapid calculation of equilibrium constants if the frequency shifts on isotopic substitution are known. Several applications are discussed.


The influence of plum line condition on accuracy of tunnel survey is analyzed.The method of plum line selection and the issues needing attention during survey work are explained.


Situation awareness (SA) brings together theories in cognition to examine what an operator perceives, understands and predicts about their environment. Previous characterization of working memory (WM) influence in levels of awareness however is sparse and has several shortcomings, including how both WM and SA have been measured. In the current experiment, a factor analytic approach to WM was adopted based on performance on three different WM tasks. These factor scores were then related to SA which was measured over two forms of scenarios in a complex dynamic decision-making task. In one scenario, Level 1 SA was assessed, and the other assessed Level 3 processes implicitly. Findings from 99 participants indicate WM was unrelated to Level 1, but was related to Level 3 SA with the relationship strengthening with increasing task experience. These results refine and contribute to ongoing theory in the context of SA and dynamic task performance, and provide future directives to individual differences research in human factors.


Adenomatous appendicular polyps are rare. White and Ellis 1 collected a total of 21 cases from the literature in 1945 and added a single case of their own. In 1948 Brewer and Marcus 2 described a patient in whom the polyp had caused an intussusception of the appendix. They were able to gather four other similar cases from older literature, prior to 1923. Numerous workers 3 have suggested that these polyps are precancerous lesions with potentialities similar to those of adenomatous polyps of the colon. Uihlein and McDonald 3c reported cases studied photomicrographically showing "an adenomatous polyp" containing "regions of malignancy characterized by larger deeper-staining nuclei." They prefer to call tumors with anaplastic areas of that type "papillary adenocarcinoma grade I." In another paper Woodruff and McDonald 4 described a role that adenocarcinoma grade 1 of the appendix may play in the formation of a mucocele and of pseudomyxoma peritonei.


Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) is a redox mediator that may modify the expression of different heterotrophic microbial functions. In this study, by means of cyclic voltammetry in an unbuffered, aprotic medium, the electroactive behavior of AQDS in the presence of natural redox effectors was assessed using an electroactive humic fraction model, named f50, isolated from virgin clay-limestone soil. When f50 was added to the AQDS solution, the electrochemical behavior was different, with a cathodic peak shift corresponding to AQDS.-  AQDS2- reaction towards the most negative potentials and a similar behavior in its anodic counterpart.


BACKGROUND
The reliability of intrabladder pressure measurements obtained in nonsupine patients is unknown.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the reliability of measurements of intrabladder pressure obtained with 30 degrees head-of-bed elevation.

METHODS
With patients supine, 30 degrees head-of-bed elevation, and instillation of 0 and 25 mL physiological saline, intrabladder pressure was measured in 10 patients: twice by one nurse to assess intraobserver reliability and once by a different nurse to assess interobserver reliability. Data were analyzed by using paired t tests, Pearson correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis.

RESULTS
For intraobserver reliability, measurements obtained with no instillation (mean difference, -1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.9 to 1.3; P = .22) and with instillation of 25 mL (mean difference, -0.6; 95% CI, -1.8 to 0.6; P = .28) did not differ significantly. Pearson r values were 0.74 and 0.81, respectively. Estimated Bland-Altman bias and limits of agreements were -1.8 and -10.3 to 6.7 mm Hg and -0.6 and -3.82 to 2.62 mm Hg, respectively. For interobserver reliability, measurements obtained with no instillation (mean difference, 1.0; 95% CI, -2.2 to 4.2; P = .49) and with instillation of 25 mL (mean difference, -0.7; 95% CI, -2.45 to 1.05; P = .39) did not differ significantly. Pearson r values were 0.78 and 0.82, respectively. Estimated Bland-Altman bias and limits of agreement were 1.0 and -7.76 to 9.76 mm Hg and -0.7 and -5.5 to 4.0 mm Hg, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Reliability of intrabladder pressure measurements obtained with 30 degrees head-of-bed elevation is strong.


Audible heart sounds represent less than 5% of the vibrational energy associated with the cardiac cycle. In this study, experiments have been conducted to explore the feasibility of examining cardiac vibration by means of a single display encompassing the entire bandwidth of the oscillations and relating components at different frequencies. Zero-phase-shift digital filtering is shown to be required in producing such displays, which extend from a recognizable phonocardiogram at one frequency extreme to a recognizable apexcardiogram at the other. Certain features in mid-systole and early diastole, observed by means of this technique, appear not to have been previously described. Frequency modulation of an audio-frequency sinusoid by a complex signal is shown to be effective in generating sounds analogous to that signal and containing the same information, but occupying a bandwidth suitable to optimum human auditory perception. The generation of such sounds using an exponential-response voltagecontrolled oscillator is found to be most appropriate for converting amplitude as well as frequency changes in the original signal into pitch changes in the new sounds, ROBERT W. VAN HOUTEN LIBRARY


L.sativus is a feed crop with a long cultivated history. However, its cultivation has diminished in many regions because of its toxicity. In order to reuse this fine kind of forage crop, intensive researches for developing varieties with low and zero toxin have been carried out around the world. The toxic biochemistry of L.sativus, including composition, biosynthesis and the effect of environment on biosynthesis of toxin, was reviewed in this paper. In addition, research of removal toxin from L.sativus by breeding, processing, tissue cultures and transgenesis were summarized. Finally, the probable biological significance of toxin was discussed and the research prospects for L.sativus were also presented.


Disputes about the international professional football labor continue to occur.There are three ways to handle the problems,profession autonomy,international sports arbitration,and access to the Swiss Court.So,we should clarify the dispute settlement mechanism.Then grasp the main line—the contract,to prepare a professional negotiation team,build the the competition mechanisms during the candidates,implement defense and control mechanisms.So,we can build an effective system to deal with the disputes.


So called strong light-matter interactions in optical cavities or nanoplasmonic systems can now be used to alter chemical reactions or materials properties. To understand these processes where light and matter both have to be treated quantum mechanically, our work includes method development on suitable computational methods for this regime as well as their applications to problems in the field. In the following we outline two possible research projects for summer research assistants. We also welcome your own ideas for research projects.


Food Poverty and Insecurity: International Food Inequalities, edited by M. Caraher & J. Coveney, 2016, Springer, is a co-edited collection of short essays and case studies exploring within the global food system the effects and challenges of post 2009 austerity on public health nutrition and access to food. The book focuses on a series of case studies from emerging economies represented by SE Asia, India, South Africa and Brazil, and in the rich world from the USA (New York City), France, Aus...


We propose and investigate a new conformal invariant integrable field theory called bosonic superconformal affine Toda theory. This theory can be viewed either as the affine generalization of the so-called bosonic superconformal Toda theory studied by the authors sometime earlier, or as the generalization to the case of half-integer conformal weights of the conformal affine Toda theory, and can also be obtained from the Hamiltonian reduction of WZNW theory (with an affine WZNW group). The fundamental Poisson stracture is established in terms of the classical r matrix. Then the exchange algebra for the chiral vectors is obtained as well as the reconstruction formula for the classical solutions. The dressing transformations of the fundamental fields are found explicitly, and the Poisson-Lie structure of the dressing group is also constructed with the aid of classical exchange algebras, which turns out to be the semiclassical limit of the quantum affine group. The conformal breaking orbit of the model is also studied, which is called bosonic super loop Toda theory in the context. In addition, the quantum exchange relation and quantum group symmetry are discussed briefly.


CoS/sub 2.1/, CoS/sub 2.5/, and CoS/sub 4.5/ were synthesized by direct reaction in aqueous solution between stoichiometric amounts of lithium polysulfide and cobalt salts. The first material was found to be an n-type semiconductor while the other two were p-type semiconductors. The 20 degrees C resistivities were 16, 30, and 34 Omega -cm, respectively. The theoretical energy density of the Li/CoS/sub x/ couples was in the range of 1253-1634 Wh/kg. A spirally wound 2/3 A size cell was used as a test vehicle for cathode evaluation. The open-circuit voltage (OCV) of the cell after stabilization was 2.13 V. At room temperature and at a discharge rate of 50-150 mA, the initial discharge capacity was typically 0.6-1.1 Ah. This is equivalent to a practical energy density of 127-165 Wh/kg. However, after a few cycles, cell capacity declined and stabilized at 0.3-0.4 Ah. The maximum number of cycles to cell failure was 50. The charge-discharge reaction mechanism and the capacity decline mechanism are discussed.<<ETX>>


This article discusses the concept of campus biodiversity initiative using the efforts of Symbiosis International University as a model system. It also indicates how campuses can contribute to the biodiversity conservation mission of Govt. of India, focusing on Campus Biodiversity conservation initiatives. As we know, a large chunk of green spaces and land cover is a part of Institutional and academic campuses, and campus biodiversity has a significant role. If appropriately managed, campus biodiversity may support as much, if not more, as any other urban green space and can be effectively maintained. Symbiosis International University can be taken as a model to replicate in other institutions. We also look at the gaps that are currently present in policy and possible solutions. Campuses should be managed periodically since they provide a vital breathing space for growing biodiversity


A novel zinc(II) phthalocyanine bearing octa-sulphonates has been prepared, which is non-aggregated in water, highly photoactive and low dark-toxic. More interestingly, it exhibits specific affinity to macrophages via the scavenger receptor-A, and can selectively accumulate in tumour sites.


Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly studied in many fields such as philosophy, law and decision making. One of the approaches to AI is the use of agent and multi-agent systems. Agents are key element for building complex largescale distributed systems[9]. In multi-agent systems, each agent interacts with the environment and communicates with other agents in order to achieve the designated goal. Communication means to share and exchange information, cooperate and coordinate with each other in order to achieve a common goal. Argumentation is a type of communication between agents and a process attempting to form an agreement about what to believe. There has been increasing research in argumentation and dialogue systems in the past decade[23]. The agent as a dialogue participant needs sophisticated dialogue strategies in order to make high quality dialogue contributions. By reviewing the state of art literature in computerised dialogue systems (e.g.[21];[22]), it is observed that their dialogue strategies (i.e. strategic heuristics) are hardwired into the computational agent. One of the main issues with this is that an agent might be incapable of dealing with new dialogue situations that have not been coded, and indeed this is an impossible task given the dynamic nature of argumentation. It would be ideal to make an agent search for an optimal strategy by itself e.g. via trial and error, and thus the agent with the best strategy will win the argument [8]. Machine learning has an important role to play in order to meet these challenges. To make agents learn the dialogue strategies, it would be more flexible for them to make an argument through exploration (trial and error). It is believed


In the article, it is stated that Great Britain had been the biggest empire in the world in the course of many centuries. Due to synchronic and diachronic approaches it was detected time simultaneousness of the British Empire's development in the different parts of the world. Different forms of its ruling (colonies, dominions, other territories under her auspice) manifested this phenomenon.The British Empire went through evolution from the First British Empire which was developed on the count mostly of the trade of slaves and slavery as a whole to the Second British Empire when itcolonized one of the biggest states of the world India and some other countries of the East; to the Third British Empire where it colonized countries practically on all the continents of the world. TheForth British Empire signifies the stage of its decomposition and almost total down fall in the second half of the 20th century. It is shown how the national liberation moments starting in India and endingin Africa undermined the British Empire's power, which couldn't control the territories, no more. The foundation of the independent nation state of Great Britain free of colonies did not lead to lossof the imperial spirit of its establishment, which is manifested in its practical deeds – Organization of the British Commonwealth of Nations, which later on was called the Commonwealth, Brexit and so on.The conclusions are drawn that Great Britain makes certain efforts to become a global state again.


T THOMAS Jefferson never acknowledged his mixed-race children with Sally Hemings. Little evidence of any kind exists about how he thought or felt about those children. But Jefferson did have a great deal to say about the demoralizing implications of miscegenational relationships for Virginia's master class. His well-known concern, bordering on obsession, with generational sovereignty also suggests that he was sensitive to the fate of his unacknowledged children with Hemings. I propose to reconsider Jefferson's life-long advocacy of African colonization for clues about how he might have understood the history of his unacknowledged "shadow" family. By I824, when in a letter to Jared Sparks, editor of the North American Review, Jefferson offered the fullest exposition of his thinking about the emancipation and expatriation of American slaves, his idiosyncratic approach was of little interest or relevance to the movers and shakers in the American Colonization Society (ACS).1 But this fascinating letter does speak, obliquely, to crucially important private as well as public issues. Jefferson's ideas about colonization were first developed in an amendment to "A Bill concerning Slaves" that he drafted when he was a member of the committee charged with revising Virginia's laws in I779. Although, as Jefferson recalled, the committee endorsed "the principles of the amendment"-the "freedom of all born after a certain day, and deportation at a proper age"-the amendment was never submitted to the General Assembly because "the public mind would not yet bear the proposition."2


Arabidopsis thaliana Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases 3 and 6 (MPK3/6) are known to be activated transiently in PAMP-Triggered Immunity (PTI) and durably in Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI). However the functional differences between these two kinds of activation kinetics and how they allow coordination of the two layers of plant immunity remain poorly understood. Here, by analysing suppressors of the phenotype caused by a constitutively active form of MPK3, we demonstrate that ETI-mediating nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) and NLR signaling can act downstream of MPK3 activities. Moreover we provide evidence that both sustained and transient MPK3/6 activities positively control the expression of at least two NLR genes, AT3G04220 and AT4G1110. We further show that the ETI regulators NDR1 and EDS1 also contribute to the upregulations of these two NLRs not only in an ETI context but also in a PTI context. Remarkably, while in ETI, MPK3/6 activities are dependent on NDR1 and EDS1, they are not in PTI, suggesting that if the same actors are involved in the two layers of immunity, the way they are interconnected is different. Finally we demonstrate that expression of the NLR AT3G04220 is sufficient to induce expression of defense genes from the SA branch. Overall this study enlarges our knowledge of MPK3/6 functions during immunity and gives a new insight into the intrication of PTI and ETI.


Beta-type CVD-Si3N4 plates (up to 1.1 mm thick) have been prepared by adding TiCl4 vapor to the system SiCl4-NH3-H2 at deposition temperatures of 1350° to 1450°C, while α-type or amorphous CVD-Si3N4 was obtained without TiCl4 vapor at the same deposition temperature. Three to four wt % 777V was included in the β-type CVD-Si3N4 matrix. The density, preferred orientation, and lattice parameters of β-type CVD-Si3N4 were examined.


AIMS
Calcific aortic valve disease is the most common heart valve disease in the Western world. It has been reported that zinc is accumulated in calcified human aortic valves. However, whether zinc directly regulates calcific aortic valve disease is yet to be elucidated. The present study sought to determine the potential role of zinc in the pathogenesis of calcific aortic valve disease.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Using a combination of a human valve interstitial cell calcification model, human aortic valve tissues and blood samples, we report that 20 μM zinc supplementation attenuates human valve interstitial cell (hVIC) in vitro calcification, and that this is mediated through inhibition of apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation via the zinc sensing receptor GPR39-dependent ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, we report that GPR39 protein expression is dramatically reduced in calcified human aortic valves, and there is a significant reduction in zinc serum levels in patients with calcific aortic valve disease. Moreover, we reveal that 20 μM zinc treatment prevents the reduction of GPR39 observed in calcified human valve interstitial cells. We also show that the zinc transporter ZIP13 and ZIP14 are significantly increased in hVICs in response to zinc treatment. Knockdown of ZIP13 or ZIP14 significantly inhibited hVIC in vitro calcification and osteogenic differentiation.

CONCLUSIONS
Together, these findings suggest that zinc is a novel inhibitor of calcific aortic valve disease, and report that zinc transporter ZIP13 and ZIP14 are important regulators of hVIC in vitro calcification and osteogenic differentiation. Zinc supplementation may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for calcific aortic valve disease.

TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
This study reports that the zinc sensing receptor GPR39 expression is decreased in calcified human aortic valve tissues and there is a significant reduction in zinc serum levels in patients with calcific aortic valve disease. Zinc treatment attenuates hVIC in vitro calcification through inhibition of apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation via GPR39-dependent ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Zinc transporter ZIP13 and ZIP14 are important regulators of hVIC in vitro calcification and osteogenic differentiation. Zinc supplementation is a potential therapeutic strategy for calcific aortic valve disease.


Students of physics can be Students of physics can be excused for finding their quantum mechanics courses a little cryptic from time to time. Now researchers are using the properties of quantum mechanics to encrypt information for secure transmission.


Innovating in pedagogical practices to assess student performance is a challenge for educators, so in this context, the educational video game becomes an excellent didactic tool. This paper focused on evaluating the acquisition of scientific competences in Colombia`s geography to students of elementary school, and for this, an educational graphic adventure video game was designed and developed. This was based on two video game desing proposals that seek the balance between educational and playful content and that suggest a conceptual model for the educational use of the graphic adventures. Through a quasiexperimental design, its viability was analyzed as a support resource in an evaluation, with the adventage that the video game provides extra information about the performance of students in the acquisition of competences in the formative process.


Abstract : Gas chromatographs of the pyrolysis products of three styrene polymers, having molecular weights of 20,000; 35,000 and 230,000 were prepared. Peaks were identified for benzene, toluene, and monomeric styrene. Another peak was obtained which was assumed to be acetylene, ethylene, or a combination of the two. Peak area analysis revealed no significant difference between the polymers at the same pyrolysis temperature but an increase in the amount of lighter gaseous components at the higher pyrolysis temperature. This investigation has indicated that gas chromatographic analysis of pyrolysis products may be potentially useful for the characterization of lubricants, paints, plastics and other materials used by the Department of the Army. (Author)


LBA8505Background: SCLC remains among the most deadly of malignancies. Rovalpituzumab tesirine is a first-in-class ADC comprised of a humanized monoclonal antibody against DLL3, a dipeptide linker, and a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer toxin. DLL3 is highly expressed in neuroendocrine tumors, including approximately 80% of SCLC. The emerging results of the SCLC patients (pts) in a first-in-human study (NCT01901653) are reported here. Methods: Pts with progressive SCLC after at least 1 previous systemic therapy were eligible. Efficacy was assessed by the investigator via RECIST v1.1, and toxicity graded per CTCAE v4.03. When available, archived tumor tissue was assessed retrospectively for DLL3 expression by immunohistochemistry. Results: Seventy-four (74) pts were enrolled at dose levels ranging from 0.05 to 0.8 mg/kg at either q3w or q6w. Among evaluable pts treated at doses of 0.2-0.4 mg/kg, 15/61 (25%; 95% CI 15-37%) achieved a best response of PR or CR, and 44/61 (72%; 95% CI 59-83%) achieved clinic...


Graphene oxide was derived from Lagenaria Siceraria peel and the ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the green synthesis method. Zn1–xO-rGOx was synthesized with different concentrations (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) that were referred as S1, S2, and S3, respectively. The rGO-ZnO nanoparticles have been characterized with XRD, DLS, zeta potential, FTIR, FT-Raman, UV, SEM, TEM, EDAX and mapping analysis. The charge storage, cycle stability of the rGO-ZnO nanoparticles were explored using cyclic voltammetry. The highest specific capacitance for nanoparticles was determined to be 371, 382 and 398 F/g for S1, S2, and S3 at the scan rate close to 10 mV/s.


In its activities, the Senate uses a number of control powers defined by statutes and regulations, although this is not directly based on the provisions of the Polish Constitution. Such a practice is justified, if one considers the nature of the Senate as a representative body and the nature of the senatorial mandate, which does not differ from the nature of the deputy mandate. The role of the Senate, also in the scope of the indicated powers of a controlling nature, may increase when a different political majority in the Senate than in the Sejm is formed. As a result of the post-election agreement in 2019, the political majority in the Senate is different from the political majority in the Sejm. This new phenomenon in the Polish political system creates the possibility of a wider use of the Senate's "soft" control tools. The presented paper attempts to syn-thetically present the reasons for considering the Senate's control powers and their impact on ensuring systemic stability.


The integral cross sections for the title reactions were determined for the relative collision energies between 0.3 and 1.4 eV by applying arc-heating metastable rare gas beams to a crossed molecular beam--time-of-flight (TOF) energy selection technique, in which product fluorescence intensities from both NH(A /sup 3/Pi--X /sup 3/..sigma../sup -/) and NH(c /sup 1/Pi--a /sup 1/..delta..) bands were monitored. With Ar(/sup 3/P/sub 0,2/) excitation, the relative branching fractions of nascent NH(A /sup 3/Pi) and NH(c /sup 1/Pi) formation were found to be invariant with the collision energy within the experimental error. With Kr(/sup 3/P/sub 0,2/) excitation, however, no apparent NH(c /sup 1/Pi--a /sup 1/..delta..) emission was observed, only emission from NH(A /sup 3/Pi) was observed. The absolute cross section for formation of these nascent NH radicals was also determined. Collision energy dependence of the cross section for the reaction Ar (/sup 3/P/sub 0,2/) +NH/sub 3/..-->..Ar(/sup 1/S/sub 0/)+NH(A /sup 3/Pi,c /sup 1/Pi)+H/sub 2/ was found to be negative, whereas that for the reaction Kr(/sup 3/P/sub 0,2/)+NH/sub 3/..-->..Kr(/sup 1/S/sub 0/)+NH(A /sup 3/Pi)+H/sub 2/ showed positive dependence in the collision energy range studied. Possible mechanisms for the formation of NH(A /sup 3/Pi,c /sup 1/Pi) from Rg(/sup 3/P/sub 0,2/)+NH/sub 3/ are discussed.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the added value of processed cocoa bean products in chocolate bars and powder at CV. Putra Mataram, Poolewali Mandar Regency. This research was conducted at CV. Putra Mataram, Polewali Mandar Regency in July to August 2022. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The data were analyzed by the Hayami method. The results showed the added value obtained by CV. Putra Mataram from processing cocoa beans into chocolate bars and cocoa powder for one production, which is IDR. 527,640, with details for chocolate bars of IDR. 406,640 and cocoa powder for IDR. 121,000. The added value and benefits obtained by CV. Putra Mataram from the processing of cocoa beans is larger than chocolate bars compared to cocoa powder. Therefore chocolate bars need to be prioritized to produce larger quantities to increase profits.


A car energy absorption box with continuously-changing thickness comprises a U-shaped box body formed by two metal steel plates and a U-shaped box body cover plate. The box body and the box body cover plate are connected to form a hollow box body in a surrounding mode. The front end thickness in the collision direction of the U-shaped box body and the U-shaped box body cover plate is the smallest, and the back end thickness is the largest. According to the metal steel plate design, the thicknesses of a continuously-thickening steel plate become larger and larger from the front end to the back end gradually. The continuously-thickening steel plate is used for manufacturing the box body of the energy absorption box, accordingly, different sections in the collision direction of the energy absorption box are different in thickness distribution and rigidity distribution, during collision, the requirement for collision energy absorption is well met, the structure is simple, the continuously-thickening steel plate is used for manufacturing, waste on material thickness is avoided, manufacturing cost is lowered, and light weight effect is good.


A case of neurinoma originating from the horizontal portion of the facial nerve is reported. The patient was a 29-year-old male complaining of tinnitus, facial palsy, hearing loss, and crocodile tear syndrome on the left side. Neurological examination on admission revealed peripheral type facial palsy on the left, hyposalivation of the left submandibular gland, diminished sense of taste on the anterior two thirds of the tongue on the left side, and loss of the stapedial reflex on the left. Schirmer's lacrimation test showed crocodile tear and slight decrease in lacrimation on the left. A hearing test revealed a slight hearing loss of the conductive type on the left. Plain films of the skull and tomograms of the temporal bone revealed destruction of the petrosal bone in the semicircular canal and the attic on the left. Computed tomography scan showed a mass in the left middle cranial fossa which was enhanced homogeneously after infusion of the contrast medium. Surgery was performed and the tumor was removed by the middle cranial fossa extradural approach. The tumor originated from the horizontal portion of the facial nerve, extending to occupy the geniculate portion and the attic. Histological diagnosis was typical neurinoma. The authors discuss the interesting clinical findings of facial nerve neurinoma with a review of the literature.


Sea transportation is vital for the global economy, and the amount of seaborne trade is expected to increase in the future. In some areas, icebreakers are necessary for maintaining open shipping la ...


The present invention discloses an automatic configuration of Java? Apparatus and method for EE Application Clusters, belonging to Java? EE application technology. Mainly to solve Java? EE Application Clusters can not change the problem with the application deployment is automatically configured. The gist of the technical solutions for the acquisition and application state node by node automatic discovery and real-time monitoring node status change information, then modify the application configuration change information based on the cluster; based on Java? Dynamic load factor distribution obtained EE application requests the application server based on the load and computing resources. The present invention provides apparatus and methods may be implemented the Java? EE dynamic clusters and application of adaptive dynamic load balancing, thereby improving Java? EE availability and scalability of the application.


The morbidity of spinal tuberculosis hasbeen in an uptrend in recent years,and the disability of it is high which will affect the life quality of the patients severely. So on the basis of anti-tuberculosis drug treatment,active operation treatment has won much acknowledgement. At present,one-stage focus debridement,spinal cord decompression,bone grafting,correction and internal fixation have gained satisfying effect.Titanium mesh cage is one of the most common internal supports in clinical. Since the first report of successful application in clinical in 2002,titanium mesh cage has been applied more and more.


Here, CMOS RF low noise amplifier (LNA) is analyzed using 0.35µm and 0.50µm process technology. In this amplifier a high-Q active inductor is connected to common gate configuration with differential output to operate in four different frequency bands. Low noise RF amplifier has been simulated in SPICE. The measured output noise is -158 dB/Hz in 0.35µm and -155 dB/Hz in 0.5µm technology. Results show the amplifier operates at 2400 MHz, 1900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 900 MHz Power dissipation of the circuit varies from 0.361- 3.053 mW in 0.35µm technology with voltage variation of [1.5 - 3.3] V. Power dissipation in 0.5µm technology varies from 1.324 to 3.444 mw with supply voltage variation from [3.3- 5.0] V. Circuit shows a variable gain of 30.436dB to 39.552dB with power supply variation from 1.5 V to 3.3 V in 0.35µm technology. Further circuit shows a variable gain of 46.375dB to 54.507dB with power supply variations from 3.3 V to 5.0 V in 0.50µm technology.


PLA/PEO/PLA triblock copolymers bearing short poly(l-lactic acid) blocks, with the number average degree of polymerization of each PLA block PLA = 2, 4, 8, and 12, were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of l-lactide initiated by poly(ethylene glycol) in the presence of CaH2. The length of PEO blocks was varied by using parent PEG of different number average degrees of polymerization PEG = 14, 26, and 49, respectively, according to SEC and NMR. SEC and 1H and 13C NMR showed the resulting triblock copolymers did not contain any detectable PLA homopolymer as side product. The use of DMSO-d6 as solvent for NMR analyses, instead of CDCl3, greatly enhanced the resolution and permitted the distinction of the signals due to the last two constitutive units located at both ends of each PLA block. Data obtained by FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry suggested that PEO and PLA blocks were phase separated even for copolymers with very short PLA blocks. Optical microscopy and DSC showed that an increase...


Self‐accelerating beams have drawn enormous attentions in optics owing to their nondiffracting and self‐healing properties. Traditionally, the generation of such beams demands bulky devices and a long working distance, which impede the miniaturization of the optical system. Recent progresses in metasurfaces facilitate replacing cumbersome optical components by ultrathin and planar nano‐optical devices. Nevertheless, most of the existing approaches suffer from fixed trajectories, narrow operation bandwidth and low efficiency. Here, a methodology is proposed to generate self‐accelerating beams with arbitrary profiles by employing a generalized analysis based on geometric optics and interference theory. As a proof of the concept, single catenary‐shaped metasurface is utilized to generate the cubic phase shift, which leads to a reciprocal accelerating trajectory. The spatially continuous and spectrally dispersionless catenary nanoapertures show great advantages in terms of bandwidth and efficiency over discrete counterparts. The polarization‐controlled accelerating trajectories are demonstrated by both simulations and measured results. The proposed compact and efficient beam generators are believed to be promising for future on‐chip and integration applications.


In Colombia, as in many developing countries, general trends on employment of elderly people show that labor force participation rates have increased in recent decades. The aim of this study is to identify factors related to participation in the labor force of the adult population aged 60 years and above. Using the Great Integrated Household Survey (GEIH) 2014, logistic regression model was estimated. The probability that the adults 60 years and above work increases when they have characteristics such as being male, head of household or hold university education, and is greatly reduced when they receive retirement income.


Renal primary neoplasms in cats are rare and account for less than 2% of all cancers, themajority of malignant feature. Hematopoietic tumors are the most common in cats and 90%are diagnosed as lymphoma, being between 30 and 50% of all malignant tumors found in thisspecies. This cancer originates in lymphoid cells found in solid organs such as lymph nodes,liver and intestine, and is currently the most common cancer in domestic cats with an averageage of 11 years. The most common forms of presentation are mediastinal, nodal, extranodaland digestive. Clinical signs are diverse and related to the anatomical site in which the diseasedevelops. Chemotherapy is the treatment for systemic forms, while radiotherapy and surgeryassociated or not with chemotherapy treatments are indicated for localized forms. Theprognosis of this disease is variable, depending on the clinical condition of the animal, thetype and stage of lymphoma and response to treatment. The objective of this study was toconduct a case report of a cat, male, mixed breed, neutered, 13 years old, who presented thefollowing clinical signs: cachexia, increased abdominal volume, dehydration, polyuria,polydipsia and loss of appetite. The pathology and clinical findings confirmed the renallymphoma; the primary renal lymphoma was confirmed primarily by the lack of involvementof other sites of cancer


Although naturally heterogeneous environments can lead to mosaic hybrid zones, human-induced habitat fragmentation can also lead to environmental heterogeneity and hybridization. Here we quantify phenotypic and molecular divergence across a reed frog mosaic hybrid zone on São Tomé Island as a first step towards understanding the consequences of hybridization across this heterogeneous landscape. The São Tomé giant reed frog (Hyperolius thomensis) is strongly tied to cool, wet, forest habitats whereas the distribution of Moller's reed frog (H. molleri) spans cool, wet, forests to warm, dry, disturbed habitats. Correspondingly, hybridization is concentrated in the more forested, cool, wet sites relative to non-forested, warmer, drier habitats. Four of six sites with hybrid frogs are artificial water bodies near the forest edge, indicating that both breeding habitat and broader scale environmental variation are probably important for understanding interspecific interactions and the extent of hybridization in this system. Phenotypic variation (body size and ventral coloration) largely tracks genetic and environmental variation across the hybrid zone with larger and more pigmented frogs occurring in forested, cool, wet habitats. Understanding whether human-induced changes in habitat break down reproductive barriers will be essential for conservation management of the less abundant, forest-associated H. thomensis in the face of rampant hybridization.


Abstract We report on a simulation model that interprets the transmission dynamics and incidence of a Dengue virus serotype by means of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, with parameters depending on the average temperature in Quindío city, Colombia. We have determined the population growth threshold of the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The basic reproduction number R0 is obtained using the next generation matrix. A sensitivity analysis is realized for both thresholds. Finally, we show simulations using the MAPLE code, including all the estimated parameters.


This exegesis contextualises my doctoral project — the writing of a feature film script, Kick up Dust — within contemporary academic discourses on Aboriginal subjectivity. Kick up Dust explores how Indigenous people identify and debate the nature of their own Aboriginal consciousness. The script is written in opposition to the way non-Indigenous conceptions of Indigeneity (in popular culture, the mass media, and educational institutions) have historically misrepresented and characterised Indigenous peoples, without regard to their individuality, through stereotyped images that reside in the popular imagination.
Through the vehicle of the exegesis, I explore possibilities for a new theoretical and conceptual framework for an Indigenous pedagogy that does not rely on notions of
cultural identity based in historical essentialist constructs - fantasies of exclusivity,
cultural marginality, physicality and morality (Paradies, 2006) — to create a binary oppositional relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholarship. While this may have worked in the past to create an effective political community, it has created a situation whereby Indigenous people whose lived realities and subjectivities do not align with these essentialising fantasies are vulnerable to accusations of inauthenticity (i.e., of not being 'real' blackfellas; of not being seen as an authentic Aboriginal) (Paradies, 2006).


The problems of underground exhaustion processes on the example of iron ore deposits of Kryvbas are studied. As objects Kryvbas deposits of different geological and mining types were selected. The methodology for forecasting of the costs for post-liquidation development of licensed areas, which is based on the experience of European countries has been proposed. These ones are with the most evident signs of intensive development and exhaustion of mineral resources. Valiavkinske Banded Iron Formation deposit is characterized by extraction intensification and dangerous changes of geological environment. The Pivdennyi Quarry with reserves of previously lost rich ores has most of exhaustion phase signs with prolongation of extraction in complicated mining conditions. The ecological-geological and geological-economic indicators of intensive exploitation of mineral deposits are compared and formulas for environmental costs calculations on objects are given.


placency. Nothing could be less desirable than nationalism in science and medicine-examples are not hard to seek-and the rapid advance of electroencephalography is a fine example of international co-operation. But pride in national achievement is healthy enough, and we should take what steps we may to maintain our pioneer position. At the present time. there are some 60 centres in the British Isles where E.E.G.s are being recorded-mostly in England, with the greatest concentration in and around Lon'don, but a number in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. These vary greatly in their capacity and the use to which they are put, but in total they represent a potentially adequate service for the country. In some the emphasis is on diagnosis, in others on clinical research, while in very few indeed is it on fundamental research into the nature of the E.E.G. and its relationship to cerebral function. As so often with a new subject, most of the pioneers in this country came to it rather by chance, and the opportunities for formal training are still limited and inadequate; this is not through any lack of good will but because of the preoccupation of the possible teachers and the need for knowledge covering an unusually wide range of subjects. In particular, the young neurologists and psychiatrists who intend to use the E.E.G. as a clinical tool rarely equip themselves with an adequate background of neurophysiology, so that the chances of their interpretation of the E.E.G. being more than empiric are not great. The output of experimental observation on cerebral electrophysiology from this country is very small, and direct recording from the exposed human brain is only now getting some of the attention which Penfield and Jasper, for example, have shown to be its due. On the technical side also the staff of the E.E.G. centres has suffered from lack of adequate training. This is being dealt with by the formation of the Electro-physiological Technologists' Association, which is setting up standards of entry and training and will hold examinations in proficiency, so that it may be hoped that before long all centres will be served with a technical skill equivalent to that which exists, for example, in radiology. If the country is to make the most of its resources it is necessary that apparatus should be placed where it is most useful, not, as has often happened in the past, where the budget has not been fully spent. Staff must be chosen and trained for the job, not utilized because on the pay-roll. No knowledge in the modern world can be expected to pay greater long-term dividends than full understanding of the human mind, and no approach is more promising, or being more actively exploited, than through the study of cerebral electrical behaviour. This country is in danger of being left behind in this study because of the lack of trained neurophysiologists, or of neurologists and neurosurgeons with physiological training and interests.


Though technology support of group decision making has long been believed to increase the number of ideas generated and the overall quality of decisions, research on this topic has failed to provide consistent support of these outcomes. Facilitation of the group decision process by specially trained experts is believed to add even further to the benefits the technology brings. The effects of facilitation have been tested in many configurations, yet, here too, researchers have not been able to consistently identify the benefits. The literature shows that prior research in this area has been based on the outcomes of the group decision process focusing on the quantity of ideas generated and group member retrospective perceptions of the process. This suggests that researchers took a black box approach to studying the effects of facilitation in group support systems (GSS) adoption and use subsequently ignoring important aspects of group process and the effects of facilitation in that process. To that end, analysis has been done from the lens of adaptive structuration theory (AST) of 48 homogeneous decision groups in terms of setting, task, and prior relevant participant experience; an excellent environment in which to observe how group members act (make appropriation moves) to adopt and use GSS differently in differing facilitative contexts. This study found that process restrictiveness significantly affects the quantity and types of appropriation moves over the course of a decision task. An unprecedented finding was that different individual facilitators affect the quantity and types of appropriation moves even when holding the treatment restrictiveness constant. I also performed an original extension of the method suggested by AST by disaggregating appropriation moves into the source and target of interactions. This study successfully opens the black box of GSS facilitation and shows analysis of process reveals nuanced differences in factors that affect appropriation that have not been apparent from prior, outcomes-based analyses.


Abstract The measurement of light scattered during floc formation indicates that flocculation process leads to an equilibrium .The equilibrium state depends on suspended solids concentration and coagulants dose.Flash mixing and slow agitation conditions influences respectively floculation kinetic and final floc structure.The experimental apparatus designed is simple. We propose, also, an interpretation method of the recorded curve which give some new parameters helpful for coagulant dose determination.


INTRODUCTION: The changing regulatory landscape brings new challenges to Health Technology Assessment (HTA). Marketing authorizations are being granted as the evidence base evolves to facilitate timely patient access to promising health technologies. Consequently, some products come to HTA bodies sooner in their development cycles with less evidence, which ultimately leads to greater uncertainty in decision making. A key challenge for payer and HTA bodies is providing access to promising medicines while the evidence is still emerging, in a financially sustainable way. METHODS: Changes to the Cancer Drugs Fund (CDF) have resulted in a managed access fund for cancer medicines in England. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) can now recommend a treatment for use within the CDF if there is plausible potential to satisfy the criteria for routine use in the National Health Service (NHS) at its current price, but the evidence is not robust enough and associated with significant uncertainty. Further evidence is then generated in clinical trials, through observational data collection, or a combination of the two, while the drug's price reflects the decision uncertainty. At the end of the managed access period, NICE reviews the guidance to determine if the treatment can be recommended for routine commissioning. RESULTS: The first treatment recommended for use within the new CDF was osimertinib for non-small cell lung cancer (1). At the time of NICE appraisal, there was considerable uncertainty in osimertinib's clinical and cost effectiveness because only short-term phase II trial results were available. NICE's independent appraisal committee considered there was plausible potential for osimertinib to be cost effective and identified that an ongoing phase III trial would provide longer-term data addressing the key uncertainties. CONCLUSIONS: An integrated approach between payer and HTA decision-maker has significantly changed how cancer treatments in England are appraised. This collaborative way of working heralds a more sustainable approach to introducing promising cancer treatments.


Tumour invasion is an essential stage of cancer progression. Its main drivers are diffusion and taxis, a directed movement along the gradient of a stimulus. Here we review models with flux limited diffusion and/or taxis which have applications in modelling of cell migration, particularly in cancer. Flux limitation ensures control upon propagation speeds, precluding unnaturally quick spread which is typical for traditional parabolic equations. We recall the main properties of models with flux limitation effects and discuss ways to construct them, concentrating on multiscale derivations from kinetic transport equations.


This study used a small stories research narrative paradigm to examine social media posts that focused on efforts to sustain the delivery of early childhood education during COVID. Inductive and deductive content analysis focused on 1303 posts from 177 government officials and 1126 individual users (including preschools, kindergartens, teachers, and parents). The results include an analysis of conversational data that document implementation of the national policy to promote continuity of young children's learning, including digital resources used, learning content, and teaching approaches. Actor-centric contextual factors determined the success of delivering instruction remotely; however, other contextual components created the conditions that necessitated adaptation of instruction. The COVID outbreak (chrono-level) led to shifts in education delivery and informed national policy (macro-level), influenced the teachers' and parents' work contexts (exo-level), enhanced home-school collaboration (meso-level), and required implementation of technological solutions to support children's learning (micro-level). Contributions to theory, methodology, and practice are discussed.


no job, no lodgings, no money, feels depressed, fed up with life or suicidal, and that he has been treated previously in several mental hospitals. If this does not work, the patient swallows tablets-for example, aspirin or A.P.C.-and informs the police; the stomach is washed out at the local general hospital and the patient duly appears at the neighbouring mental hospital. The following brief summaries of three cases illustrate some of the points raised.


Abstracts. The productivity of plants depends on the weight of 1000 grains (M1000), the density of the productive stalk, the number of grains per ear, cultivation conditions, etc. The aim of the research was to comparatively evaluate M1000 in seeds differing in the morphology of the embryonic part, in varieties of durum winter wheat bred by the Agrarian Scientific Center "Donskoy". The weight of 1000 grains were determined according to the State Standard 10842-89. The most productive and frequently encountered are the seeds with the main morphotypes 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the seeds with minor morphotypes 1a, 1, 6, and 7 make up 5%. An average positive relationship with M1000 of the entire heap of seeds was shown only for seeds of 2 main morphotypes - embryo morphotypes 2 (r = 0.45) and embryo morphotypes 5 (r = 0.42). Indicator M1000 embryo morphotypes 3 is not associated with M1000 of the whole seed heap, and all other embryo morphotypes for this trait have medium and strong negative correlation. Consequently, obtaining a fully formed grain in the dry spring and summer period is ensured by the stability of the filling of seeds of the main morphotypes 2 and 5.


The synchrotron x-ray radiation used to perform small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) during the formation of three-dimensional nanoparticle superlattices by drop casting nanoparticle solutions affects the structure and the local crystalline order of the resulting films. The domain size decreases due to the real-time SAXS analysis during drying and more macroscopic changes are visible to the eye.


This paper pays attention to the issue of religious freedom in Indonesia. Freedom of religion is one of the individual rights of every person. People are free to choose religion according to their minds. By reason, it means that humans recognize the values that are sparked in a religion. The duty of the state is to guarantee religious freedom. In the Indonesian context, freedom of religion is guaranteed in the legal basis contained in the 1945 Constitution. However, it is inevitable that this kind of freedom is also subject to discriminatory treatment. To underline this, Spinoza, a philosopher who greatly respected reason, explained the importance of religious freedom as an individual choice. Freedom of religion according to him should not be restrained by any authority. This paper was written using the literature method which tries to confront Spinoza's thoughts on religious freedom with the issue of religious freedom in Indonesia.


The Rules provided by the Code for the nomenclatural status of nomina originally published as invalid synonyms of nomina considered valid are complex, and often ignored or misunderstood by taxonomists. A detailed analysis of these Rules is presented and a terminology is proposed for the categories of nomina. The actual implementation of these Rules is studied in 121 examples in amphibians and reptiles and in two herpetological databases, and warnings are given concerning the reliability of the latter. A few changes are recommended in the wording of Article 11.6.1 of the Code.


Graph theory is the study of graphs, mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects from a certain collection. Many researchers involve in developing this theory and try to simply the proof of many graph theory theorems. This theory, however, useful for graphics programmers, computer scientist. But programmers like algorithm rather than understand theorems. There are several graph theory algorithms to solve the real world problems such as shortest path, map coloring,etc. Teaching and learning graph theory algorithms is a great challenge to both instructors and students. Instructors are seeking software that is specifically designed to demonstrate the algorithms and for students to learn these algorithms efficiently. To this problem, an attempt is made to develop a JAVA tool which generate the graphs and apply the graph theory algorithms. The tool should be readily available and provide an environment so that students are able to review the algorithm, solve a practical problem, and intuitively study the working process via a graphical display all together. This tool allows to create graphs using console and graphical manner. This package has user friendly tool and carry to demonstrable for students.


As the drinking water supply in Denmark is totally based on groundwater, monitoring of the groundwater quality is extremely important to the Danish community. With more than 62% of the total land area under agricultural use the Danish Government has determined that the entire area is vulnerable to nitrate polution, and therefore the groundwater monitoring programme should cover the entire country. The Danish groundwater monitoring programme comprises water supply well monitoring, the groundwater monitoring network and agricultural watershed monitoring (Figs 1, 2) and is described on www.groundwater.dk. The programme is part of the National Action Programme for the Water Environment and Nature, NOVANA (Svendsen & Norup 2004; Svendsen et al. 2005). Groundwater quality monitoring is carried out on the basis of data from approximately 6200 public water supply wells. Furthermore, a detailed analytical programme is carried out on 1415 well screens from the monitoring network comprising 70 catchment areas, and on 100 shallow screens from the five agricultural watersheds (Svendsen et al. 2005). The detailed quality monitoring includes analyses for 97 chemical elements, comprising 26 main elements, 14 heavy metals, 23 organic micro-pollutants and 34 pesticides and metabolites.


A procedure for designing a polymeric AWG is presented by considering the main required specifications. An optimal design is obtained for a 8 x 8 polymeric AWG operating around 1.55 µm witha channel spacing ofO.8nm. The design is verified by a simulation with a beam propagation method. For the designed AWG, the crosstalk (for adjacent channels) is well below —40dB and the insertion loss is about 1.6dB and the loss non-uniformity is less than 1dB. Effects of some fabrication errors on the performances ofthe designed AWG are discussed.