This paper first stresses the importance of learning English basic words in second language acquisition, and then presents the various definitions and classifications of chunks and analyzes collocations and colligations with respect to chunks. The author proposes that chunks should be systematically incorporated in the curriculum of second language teaching in order to help learners: (1) to avoid using interlanguage as much as possible; (2) to achieve nativelike vocabulary selection; (3) to enhance their pragmatic competence.


Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a systemic metabolic disorder with complex pathogenesis. In recent years, a variety of new T2DM drugs have emerged, such as sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. As traditional medicines, insulin also has developed kinds of formulations such as quick-acting or premixed insulin. In addition, new treatment schedules combining multiple drugs are also fully explored. The efficacy, the administration, the mechanism, the safety and the price of these drugs are all different, providing patients with multiple options. This paper reviews the main types of type 2 diabetes drugs on the market and describes the mechanism of action. The representative type 2 diabetes treatment drugs are listed, and the advantages and disadvantages of these representative drugs are preliminarily evaluated. This information is reviewed to help doctors with clinical medication.


Two virus isolates, Pe-1 and Pe-21 were got from diseased pepper breeding materials in the institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in the spring of 1991.The isolate Pe-1 could infect 17 species in 8 families by sap inoculation. Its thermal inactivation point was 80℃, dilution end-point 10(-5)- 10(-6), and infectivity 12 days. It could not be transmitted by aphids. Pe-1 had two types of rod shaped particles, the long type having particles 200 nm in length, and the short type 50 nm on average. One end of the particles of both types were flared. It showed slight positive reaction to the antisera of tobacco rattle virus in immunodiffusion. According to the above results, the isolate Pe-1 was identified as tobacco rattle virus (TRV).The isolate Pe-21 could infect 22 species of 9 families by sap inoculation. Its thermal inactivation point was 55-60℃, dilution end-point about 10(-6) and infectivity 8 days. It could be transmitted by aphid6 (Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii).Its particles were isometric and global, about 28 nm in diameter. The immunodiffusion test showed Pe-21 closely related with the antisera of broad beau wilt virus (BBWV).Thus, it was identified as broad bean wilt virus (BBWV).


Recently a new halide scintillator was shown to exhibit interesting properties. Birowosuto et al. reported that PrBr3:Ce provides between 16,000 and 21,000 photon/MeV depending on the Ce concentration, and shows shorter than 10 ns decay time constant. In this presentation we report on some of the scintillation properties of the CeBr3-PrBr3 scintillators. We grew crystals containing from 99% of CeBr3, 20% down to 2% and 1%. The results obtained for the two last crystals coincide well with these described by Birowosuto. The highest light output out of the all tested samples is about 19,800 photons/MeV (2% Ce) and shows dependence on the sample size (height). The non-proportionality of the low concentration samples shows deviation from the linearity. Between 662 and 60 keV, the deviation is around 6% (2.5 mm thick sample) and it increases with the sample size. The shortest principal decay time constant measured is 9 ns (1% Ce, 2% Ce). The rise time constant was estimated to 1.2 ns. Scintillation decay of 20% Ce sample showed longer, 24 ns time constant. The best time resolution measured was 210 ps (FWHM) for a thin 2% Ce sample. In comparison two LaBr3:5% Ce provided 160 ps (FWHM) on the same setup.


Where is WIC available? The program is available in all 50 States, 34 Indian Tribal Organizations, American Samoa, District of Columbia, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. While funded through grants from the Federal Government, WIC is administered by 90 State agencies, with services provided at a variety of clinic locations including, but not limited to, county health departments, hospitals, schools, and Indian Health Service facilities. To find the WIC offices serving your area go to: http://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/contacts


Objective To evaluate diagnosis value of the detection of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) specific antigen(HpSA) in the stool samples for the diagnosis of Hp infection.Methods HpSA specimens were detected by enzyme immunoassay(EIA) in 371 cases,the evaluation of Hp infection status was defined as positive when pathohistology or 13C-urea breath test(13C-UBT) was positive,ROCKIT for windows 1.1β software and SPSS 15.0 software package were used to analyze the datum.Parametric distribution-free approach(PDF)and non-parametric method were used to drawn the relative operating characteristic(ROC) curve.Using the area under the ROC curve(Az) to evaluate significance of the detection of HpSA in the diagnosis of HP infection.Results The chi-square test showed that there was not significant difference between diagnosis of Hp infection by EIA and by the gold standard(P0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of detecting the HpSA by EIA were 89.2% and 96%,respectively;Youden′s index=0.85,Kappa=0.86.The area under the ROC curve of PDF and non-parametric method by EIA were 0.95 and 0.93,respectively,there was significant difference between it and 0.50(P0.001).Conclusions The Hp stool antigen coated by monoclonal antibody test is a simple,non-invasive method which was worth spreading in clinical application.


The diverse habitat types and discrete morphological characters of cimicoid species provide a unique opportunity to study correlated evolution. Phylogenetic relationships within Cimicoidea were determined using Bayesian analyses of molecular data, allowing the generation of testable hypotheses of correlated evolution. An investigation of the correlation between habitat selection and morphological characters revealed that a dead plant habitat was correlated with the filiform antennal type. Furthermore, molecular dating analysis was used to examine divergence times within the Cimicoidea. Transitions to live plants from dead plants for most cimicoid clades started right after the mid‐Cretaceous, coinciding with the radiation of the angiosperms. Using contingency analyses, we determined that evolutionary changes in morphological characters were dependent on habitat selection. Based on these results, we propose evolutionary historical hypotheses for the Cimicoidea.


In the first of this 2-part paper, various improvements and extensions of a previously developed microplane model for concrete were presented. This, the second part of the paper, demonstrates its capability to simulate pertinent test data. The details of the study and its results are presented and discussed. It is shown that by contrast with the previous microplane model for concrete, the normal strain component on the microplane is not split into its volumetric and deviatoric parts; instead the lateral strains are considered. The stress-strain relations for a material point were simulated and then the tests were studied in finite element analyses with nonlocal calculation.


The use of electricity for analgesic effects has a long history and yet currently neuromodulation devices based on electrical stimulation are typically restricted to being a last resort intervention for pain patients after the failure of pharmacological treatments. Whilst spinal cord stimulation is an established intervention for intractable neuropathic pain, the use of neuromodulation for other forms of pain and targeting different aspects of pain processing is less well established. Non-invasive neuromodulation as part of a standard intervention for pain relief would be ideal for without long term treatment of a chronic pain condition as it would avoid the inevitable side effects associated with long-term use of pharmacological interventions or interactions between different drug treatments. This is particularly relevant as chronic pain can be associated with diseases that would require pharmacological treatment for the primary condition. However, there is currently both a deficit in understanding the mechanisms of the different non-invasive devices and also in how these devices may facilitate pain relief for specific conditions. This review will focus on the application of electric currents non-invasively to different sites for pain relief and outline the future potential of these technologies.


Over six years and before his premature death in 1866, the German botanist Otto C. Berg described more than 2100 taxa of Myrtaceae, one of the ten richest plant families on Earth. He made the most fruitful contribution to the taxonomy of this family by describing the largest part of its known biodiversity in the Neotropics. The Herbarium of the Natural History Museum of Vienna (W) holds a significant part of the Herbarium brasiliense , a seminal collection for Berg's work, currently including the types of 25% of his names. In this contribution, we present a complete, annotated catalogue of O. Berg's Myrtaceae names and nomenclatural types held at W with the purpose of supporting taxonomic work on the group.


In this monograph Enarson provides vivid sociological accounts of disaster from a gender perspective throughout twelve well integrated chapters. The author has broad experience with gender relations in disaster through years of research, involvement in women's advocacy networks active in disaster and emergency management practice. Through retelling many women`s stories Enarson provides a good guide to new thinking about disaster risk and resilience. She brings original ideas to the table for policy makers and researchers as well as emergency managers, covering gender-sensitive research needs and emergency management practice. Disciplines Civic and Community Engagement | Emergency and Disaster Management | Energy Policy | Gender and Sexuality | Health Policy | Urban, Community and Regional Planning


Avian influenza becomes public health concern over years due to the serious impacts in both animal and human health. This study aimed to identify and characterize avian influenza viruses isolated from ducks in Java Indonesia during 2015-2017. Total 50 samples of previously identified as avian influenza viruses were acquired from the virus/culture collections of Disease Investigation Center (DIC) Wates Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The samples were recovered from either the avian influenza surveillance or avian influenza outbreaks in ducks in 3 provinces, East Java (n=26), Central Java (n=16), and Yogyakarta (n=8). Then the samples were processed for influenza A virus screening by realtime RT-PCR using M gene specific primers. The results showed that 46 out of 50 samples (92%) were positive for influenza A virus screening. The positive samples were then subjected for influenza A virus isolation. Seven out of 46 samples were positive for influenza A virus confirmation by using multi-segment reverse transcription PCR (M-RTPCR). All 7 avian influenza viruses were subjected to whole genome sequencing by next generation sequencing. The viruses were then identified as avian influenza subtype H5N1 (n=6) and H9N2 (n=1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the avian influenza viruses were clustered into H5N1 virus of clade 126.96.36.199c (n=6) and H9N2 viruses of Y280-like group (n=1). Phylogenetic analysis of internal genes indicated that among the H5N1 of clade 126.96.36.199c (n=1), the evidence of inter-lineage reassortment by acquiring the M gene from H5N1 of clade 188.8.131.52 could be observed. On the other hand, phylogenetic analysis of H9N2 showed that all internal genes of H9N2 were closely related to the human H7N9 virus isolated from China. Genetic analysis showed that the H5N1 and H9N2 viruses were categorized as HPAI and LPAI, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggested that both HPAI-H5N1 and LPAI-H9N2 were circulated in ducks in Java, Indonesia. Routine surveillance and genetic characterization are important to monitor the dynamic and genetic diversity of avian influenza viruses and possibility of novel reassortment strains.


In November 2002, the European Commission imposed a fine upon a Dutch company, (hereafter "X"), for breach of Article 81 EC. The payment of this fine was partly made by another company affiliated…


Objective:To monitor the in situ dissolution of nimodipine tablets produced by six factories and to investigate the difference in qualities between the tablets by using fiber-optic sensor dissolution test system FODT-601.Method: Each nimodipine tablet was dissolved in 900 mL of acetate buffer(pH4.5) containing 0.3% sodium dodecyl sulfate at 37℃,and the dissolution was monitored with 2 mm fiber optic probe.The paddle method was used at the rate of 75 r·min-1 and signals were detected at 238 nm against the reference wavelength of 550 nm.Dissolution data were collected every 30 seconds during a 30-min run.Results: The dissolutions of nimodipine tablets produced by all the six factories are qualified to the standards of Chinese pharmacopoeia,but a significant difference was observed in their dissolution curves.Conclusion: The fiber-optic sensor dissolution test system is capable of monitoring the real dissolution process of a drug and supplying more complete and accurate details of the dissolution process,so that the difference in dissolution for the same drug among different manufactories can be detected in situ.


Satellite observations of the ocean surface provide a powerful method for acquiring global data on wind speed and wave height. Radar altimeters have now been in operation for more than 25 years, providing a reasonably long term data set with global coverage. This paper presents data from a fully calibrated and validated altimeter dataset. The dataset provides the basis for obtaining a global perspective of a number of parameters critical to ocean engineering design, ship operations and global climate change. Analysis of the data provides ocean climatology of mean monthly values of wind speed and wave height useful for ship operations. The data set is also sufficiently long to provide extreme value (i.e. 100-year return period) estimates of wind speed and wave height. The paper presents such values and describes the approaches most appropriate to obtain statistically significant extreme value estimates from such satellite data. With a data set of this length, it is possible to investigate whether there have been statistically significant changes in the wind and wave climates over the period. Careful trend analysis of the extensive data set shows that there has been a statistically significant increasing trend in mean wind speed over the period. The corresponding increase in wave height is less clear. There is also evidence to suggest that extreme wind speeds and wave heights are increasing and the data set is analysed to investigate these trends. The paper clearly shows the value of this dataset and its application to a range of engineering problems.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


This paper claims that human beings are first of all Homo Culturus and only then Homo Politicus, Homo Sociologus, or Homo Oeconomicus. Human beings are distinguished from all other species by what I call human symbols (HS), namely, language, thought, religion, knowledge/science, myths, laws, and cultural values and norms. As such, they are central to the human identity of individuals, groups, and societies and therefore basic keys for understanding and explaining individual as well as collective behaviors in human societies. The theoretical framework/paradigm of Homo Culturus also helps to explain the phenomenon of the human mind in its various forms: the illiterate mind, the educated mind, and the highly intellectual minds of scientists and scholars such as Ibn Khaldun.


A nonparametric regression model E(Y) = m(x) is considered where Y is a dependent variable, x is d – a dimensional vector of independent variables (regressors) and m is an unknown function. A sequence of independent observations (Yi, xi,) i = 1, 2, ..., n, is available. Our aim is to construct an upper confidence bound for m(x) that corresponds to probability γ. The resampling approach is used. The suggested method allows calculating true cover probability.


The article explores the strategies of the problems appeared in the discussing style of teaching.While carrying out various ways to discuss it,the teachers should give the students correct directions and pay much attention to exert their motility and actualize the controlling strategies.


The 300±20 Ma anomalously radioactive trachytes of Wadi El Kareim, central Eastern Desert, are a significant example of U‐mineralization related to the alkaline volcanics in Egypt. Extensive portable gamma‐ray spectrometric data has been utilized to identify geological factors controlling uranium mobility in the geological units along the three detailed study locations of Kab Al‐Abyad, South Wadi (W) Al‐Tarafawy and W. Al‐Farkhah; their eTh/eU ratios averaging around 4.1, 3.7 and 5.6 respectively. Quantitative analysis with the integration of mobility maps and geological studies suggest two systems controlling U‐migration within the geological units (confined system and unconfined system). In the confined system, the syngenetically formed U have experienced mobility after leaching and are redistributed in the presence of an incorporation carrier during transportation (probably as carbonate complexes). Then the retardant for uranium is achieved by sorption or by coprecipitation with the aid of Fe oxy‐hydroxide, and finally the formation of immobile secondary U‐bearing minerals takes place along a lithogeochemical trap. In contrast to the confined system, the unconfined one is basically lacking the lithogeochemical trap which influences the final accumulation of U‐bearing minerals. The radioactivity of the trachyte rocks arises from the radioactive minerals uranophane and beta‐uranophane with U‐ and/or Th‐bearing minerals samarskite, Th‐rich REE silicates, monazite and allanite.


A review and critical analysis of the book 'Community, Art and the States: Storming the Citadels' by Owen Kelly. Review(s) of: Community, Art and the State: Storming the Citadels, by Owen Kelly, (Comedia Publishing Group, London, 1984) pp. 140, rrp $10.95.


Because the economic development in various Tibetan regions was imbalanced and the exchange trading was undeveloped, there was no well-developed commodity production in some remote districts of Tibet. So the barter exchanges were able to meet the needs of most people . During Song-Yuan Dynasty, money was used only in commodity exchanges in areas where Tibetans living together with Han and other ethnic minorities. The main currency in Tibetan areas generally included grain, oxen and horses, clothes, salt and metallic currencies such as gold and silver.


Introduction The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) produces liquid hydrocarbons from synthesis gas (CO and H2) in the presence of a catalyst. According to the favoured mechanism of hydrocarbon formation [1], CO dissociatively adsorbs on the catalyst surface, generating surface carbon and surface oxygen. This has been reported previously [2,3]. Surface oxygen reacts with adsorbed hydrogen or CO and leaves the surface as water or CO2.


Background: HCN2 channels are regulated by membrane potential and by the direct binding of cyclic nucleotides to their carboxyl-terminal region. Results: The flavonoid fisetin potentiates HCN2 channel activation. Conclusion: Fisetin acts as a partial agonist for HCN2 channels by binding to the channel's cyclic nucleotide-binding site. Significance: HCN2 may be a target for the physiologic action of flavonoids such as fisetin. The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) channels are pacemaker channels whose currents contribute to rhythmic activity in the heart and brain. HCN channels open in response to hyperpolarizing voltages, and the binding of cAMP to their cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) facilitates channel opening. Here, we report that, like cAMP, the flavonoid fisetin potentiates HCN2 channel gating. Fisetin sped HCN2 activation and shifted the conductance-voltage relationship to more depolarizing potentials with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 1.8 μm. When applied together, fisetin and cAMP regulated HCN2 gating in a nonadditive fashion. Fisetin did not potentiate HCN2 channels lacking their CNBD, and two independent fluorescence-based binding assays reported that fisetin bound to the purified CNBD. These data suggest that the CNBD mediates the fisetin potentiation of HCN2 channels. Moreover, binding assays suggest that fisetin and cAMP partially compete for binding to the CNBD. NMR experiments demonstrated that fisetin binds within the cAMP-binding pocket, interacting with some of the same residues as cAMP. Together, these data indicate that fisetin is a partial agonist for HCN2 channels.


It is known to provide the hoses, leading to the spray gun, for the paint and spray air with a heating winding and, for the purposes of safety, to arrange it in a further hose. In order to avoid the large degree of weight of such a heating arrangement, it is proposed to provide a heat exchanger (1) with a heating element (2) and to arrange in the heat exchanger in each case a heating coil (4) for the paint and for the spray air.


Introduction The treatment of bone defect is a demanding matter especially in the presence of infected nonunion. The technique of bone grafting within induced membranes offers a feasible option with nominal complications. Patients and methods In the time period from September 2010 until October 2012, patients who came to the orthopedic emergency in Suez Canal University Hospitals with posttraumatic bone defects and infected nonunion were involved in the study. We used the induced membrane technique and Ilizarov external fixation in all included patients. Results A total of 11 consecutive patients were identified within the time period. The length of bone defect ranged from 2 to 7 cm. All patients demonstrated radiographic evidence of union over the defect after treatment with a mean duration of 88.4 days (84–96 days) from the bone grafting surgery till the appearance of radiographic consolidation. No complication was encountered in this series. Conclusion Masquelet technique is effective in the treatment of cases of infected nonunion of long bones.


: 1371 Ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic synthesis of meta-analyses of epidemiological studies Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu, Jennifer Dunne, Gizachew Assefa Tessema, Ben Mullins, Bereket Duko, Gavin Pereira Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Australia Background: We conducted the first umbrella review of metaanalyses on the association between in utero exposure to ambient International Journal of Epidemiology, 2021, Vol. 50, Supplement 1 i175 D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /ije/art/50/Supplem ent_1/dy8.496/6361840 by gest on 09 O cber 2021 air pollution and adverse birth outcomes. Methods: We systematically searched for meta-analyses on criteria air pollutants (NO2, CO, O3, SO2, and PM2.5 and PM10) and adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, stillbirth, reduced birth weight, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational age) from PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE/Ovid, EMBASE/Ovid, Web of Science, systematic reviews repositories, electronic grey literature, and references on 21 September 2020 with weekly alerts thereafter. We graded the overall direction and confidence of cause-and-effect as per our pre-specified protocol (Doi:10.3390/ijerph17228658). Results: Sixteen (16) meta-analyses, pooling 192 unique primary studies with moderate (9.0%) overlap qualified for the final synthesis. Consistent positive associations were reported between whole pregnancy exposure to PM2.5/PM10 and birth weight reduction and between CO/SO2 and low birth weight and were graded as strong (þþ). There were less consistent associations between whole pregnancy PM2.5/NO2 exposures with PTB, and for all criteria pollutants with stillbirth, hence graded moderate (þ). Evidence for associations with trimester specific exposures were also moderate (þ). However, meta-analyses observed high heterogeneity, high imprecision, and lacked experimental studies. Consequently, taken together, the current observations indicate 'probable evidence' of causation. Conclusions: Current observations indicate 'probable evidence' of causation. Further studies with standardised designs would help elucidate reasons for heterogeneity of associations. Key messages: In the absence of randomised controlled trials, the strong observational evidence for associations between ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes warrants adoption of the precautionary principle. coverage in different sequence missingness scenarios. Results: According to the simulation set-up of age mixing in partnership, there are relationships, which are less likely and others highly likely. Explicitly, partnerships between younger men (<25 years) and older women (25 to 50 years) are less likely to happen in the sexual network, whereas partnership between younger women (<25 years) and older men (25 to 50 years) are more likely to happen as are age group relationship having intermediate magnitude in partnership. Conclusion: Transmission clusters allow us to strive with more improved information regarding cross-generation transmission. It enables us to understand the importance of age mixing beyond describing the mean age difference, and that one needs to consider the variation of age differences between pairs of individuals as well as among the partners of a given individual.


The Deng Xiao-ping's thought of criminal law can be concluded in four respects: putting emphasis on the construction of judicial organs,lawyers and criminal legislations;the basic thoughts of criminal justice;thought of tracking crime severely and the thought that death penalty should not be abolished and death penalty should be cautiously performed.These thoughts have great effect on China's criminal legislation,and will also influence China's legal practice and modification in the future.


We study the impact of architectural simplifications to the design of deep Reservoir Computing (RC) models. To do so, we analyze the effects of shaping the structure of reservoir matrices, reducing the complexity of the deep recurrent network to a minimal setup. Experimental results point out the benefits of a particularly simple deep RC architecture with ring topology in each reservoir layer and deterministically constructed input and inter-reservoir connections.


Filter media for a biological aerated filter(BAF) were prepared with blast furnace dust as the main material,and with clay and sodium silicate as chemical additives.Through the orthogonal experiment,the optimal preparation condition was obtained,which is 79% blast furnace dust,15% clay,6% sodium silicate and 600 ℃ calcination.The filter media have the characteristic of lower density,higher compression strength and larger specific surface.Soy sauce wastewater was treated in BAF by adopting this kind of filter media.When the hydraulic retention time(HRT) is 4 hour,air-water ratio is 6∶1,and the height of filter media is 100 cm,the removal rate of COD,NH3-N and chroma is 70.3%,74% and 60%,respectively.This method incorporates the concept of circular economy and explores a new pathway to utilize the resources of blast furnace dust.


Objective:To explore how to carry out the persuasive nursing teaching by analyzing the possible psychological pressure arisen from clinical work in male nursing students.Methods:The control group was given the conventional teaching methods without providing psychological counseling.But in the intervention group,the problems were found through questionnaires and given the targeted vocational education and psychological counseling.Results:The performance of clinical work in the two groups had significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion:Correctly guiding the male nursing students to successfully enter the clinical role and training a group of retaining male nurses play the unique role for nursing work.


The objective of the present article is to generate reflections on the process of organizational change. The methodology used was the bibliographical revision, through books, articles and published methodologies, with national and international authors, both classic and contemporaneous, searching to understand and to categorize the subject. The organizational change issue is not recent, but it only became relevant in the past few years. In most organizations the change happens as a crises reaction, and there are only few cases where these institutions act preventing it. The instability increase and the competition growth had brought the change as central subject for the organizations survival. This article is divided in three sections that display: boarding to the organizational change, thirteen different models and its critics, mainly pointing out the lack of boarding the resistance to the change in the several studied models. The proposal at the final considerations is to spread the investigative thematic lines.


The generation and detection of entanglement between mesoscopic systems would have major fundamental and applicative implications. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of continuous variable tools to evaluate the Gaussian entanglement arising between two homogeneous levitated nanobeads interacting through a central potential. We compute the entanglement for the steady state and determine the measurement precision required to detect the entanglement in the laboratory.


Conventional scene matching algorithms such as mean absolute difference or normalized cross correlation are often ineffective for use with images collected at different times or in different spectral bands because of the occurrence of significant differences in scene reflectivity or emissivity. A new scene registration concept has been devised for the dissimilar image problem and tested against real-world data with encouraging results. Whereas conventional approaches to map-matching are based upon the computation of a measure of image similarity, with a penalty imposed for non-corresponding intensities, the proposed algorithm provides a reward for region correspondence as evidenced by clustering of the image intensity joint histogram. This approach results in a maximum match score for images which differ by a random permutation of intensity levels. The use of an intensity-free matching algorithm provides the designer with the flexibility to use either sensor derived references, or synthetic references which are region coded, material coded, or coded with the predicted sensor response.


Following the conquest the French reorganized the cities of Algiers after their own models, and the various ethnic elements live there side by side. But in Tunisia and Morocco, French and somewhat Europeanized Muslim institutions give the cities their form and organization, but the people live in distinctive quarters. Modernization affects not only the ecology of the North African cities but also in the occupational structure and is transforming what was originally a classless society. Correspondigly, there is developing a new and marginal mentality, expressed in a new literature.


We present the application of optimal control theory to the process of low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) on patterned surfaces. An optimally controlled CVD protocol is developed by employing an approximate feature scale model, based on the simultaneous one-dimensional Knudsen diffusion and chemical reaction description of LPCVD, for the specific problem of maximizing throughput for a specified step coverage. The corresponding control conditions for the reactor are obtained by an adaptive solution of the inverse problem for the reactor scale model. Rigorous process simulations demonstrate that the computed temperature and partial pressure trajectories provide good step coverage.


This study aims at identifying the effectiveness of Cooperative Integrated Reading Composition (CIRC) Learning Model on Reading Comprehension Skills, the Preview Question Read Reflect Recite Review (PQ4R) Learning Model on Reading Comprehension Skills and the differences in terms of effectiveness between the two learning models on the Reading Comprehension Skills of Grade V students in elementary school. The study was quasi-experimental research with pretest, posttest non-equivalent group design. The sample for this study was taken from Grade V students from Task Force 1 Lendah Kulon Progo. Simple random sampling technique was applied to select samples. Then, in order to identify the effectiveness of CIRC Learning Model and PQ4R Learning Model collected data were analysed by running the t-test and the ANOVA with the assistance of SPSS   software version 22. The results of the study show that both CIRC and PQ4R have been effective for exercising the Reading Comprehension Skills with significance rate 0.000 < 0.050. However, both models are insignificant for exercising the Reading Comprehension Skills to the Grade V students with significance rate 0.828 > 0.050.


Abstract DNA barcoding has been widely used as a tool for species discrimination in closely related plants and at more coarse taxonomic levels, but there have been few reports of such a tool being applied to taxa in "morphological stasis". In this study, we test the performance of core barcodes (rbcL and matK) and two additional candidate barcodes [psbA-trnH and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS)] for the widely distributed, northern temperate monophyletic genus Chimaphila, which exhibits morphological conservatism. In addition to ITS, slowly evolving rbcL and matK independently demonstrate a high resolving ability among Chimaphila species, indicative of the old age of disjunction. We tentatively attribute morphological stasis in Chimaphila to convergence under similar habitat conditions and complex, stable relationships with surrounding autotrophic trees via common mycorrhizal symbioses.


Organic field-effect transistors incorporating planar pi-conjugated metal-free macrocycles and their metal derivatives are fabricated by vacuum deposition. The crystal structures of [H2(OX)] (H(2)OX=etioporphyrin-I), [Cu(OX)], [Pt(OX)], and [Pt(TBP)] (H2TBP=tetra-(n-butyl)porphyrin) as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), reveal the absence of occluded solvent molecules. The field-effect transistors (FETs) made from thin films of all these metal-free macrocycles and their metal derivatives show a p-type semiconductor behavior with a charge mobility (mu) ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-1) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). Annealing the as-deposited Pt(OX) film leads to the formation of a polycrystalline film that exhibits excellent overall charge transport properties with a charge mobility of up to 3.2 x 10(-1) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), which is the best value reported for a metalloporphyrin. Compared with their metal derivatives, the field-effect transistors made from thin films of metal-free macrocycles (except tetra-(n-propyl)porphycene) have significantly lower mu values (3.0 x 10(-6)-3.7 x 10(-5) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)).


All this is a great pity, for brass bands were one of the most intriguing phenomena thrown up by the interaction between industrialisation and culture. The origins of the first brass bands during a period (1815-45) of rapid industrialisation and political and social turmoil raise an interesting question mark over the characterisation of that period as a cultural 'bleak age' for the new working class. If the market economy and the new techniques of mass production spelt a slow, painful extinction for the hand-loom weaver and framework knitter, they also brought both a cheapening of the means of musical reproduction and the hire-purchase system through which workermusicians could buy their instruments. In the debate over the gains and losses experienced by the working class during early industrialisation it is the 'pessimists' who have appealed to qualitative and cultural evidence. Yet, in the burgeoning of popular music in the choral societies, the industrial village oratorios and the brass bands, there lies a strong case that a qualitative 'balance' needs to be struck between cultural losses and gains. Furthermore, it can be suggested that this popular musical culture was peculiarly dependent for its vitality on the work-based communities which clustered around the weaving sheds, spinning mills, collieries, shipyards and blast-furnaces of the staple industries. This type of community tended to maintain the interdependence between work and recreation evinced in the works' bands and it was very susceptible to the political leadership and cultural patronage of employers. It is much to be hoped that the social relations of nineteenthcentury popular music will attract their due share in the social history boom, and that publishers will bring out the social analytic histories of popular musical forms for which there is, I believe, both a lay and an academic audience.


Background The introduction of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) has resulted in up to 10% of infants with the positive result but inconclusive diagnosis. The European cystic fibrosis consensus group has defined CFSPID as newborn screened infants with elevated immunoreactive trypsinogen and normal sweat chloride and two CFTR mutations, at least one with unclear phenotypical consequences OR infants with intermediate sweat chloride with one or no CFTR mutations (Munck:2015). The majority will remain well and have no long-term health implications. However, a small percentage of these infants may develop the disease by three years. Aim To study the prevalence, clinical characteristics and clinical course of children who meet the CFSPID criteria within a large UK regional paediatric CF centre Methods Retrospective data review of children identified on newborn screening who met the ECFS CFSPID criteria using CF registry, regional screening centre notification and the local network database. Results Between October 2006 to December 2016, 148 infants were CF screen positive. 9 children (6.08%) met CFSPID diagnostic criteria. The median follow up period was 25 months (range 6–95 months). Median age at repeat sweat test was 3 years (range 1.5–5 year). All patients were heterozygous for ΔF508. The second mutation identified included R117H in 6 children, D1152H in one child and Arg810Ser in 2 siblings. 2 patients had Staph aureus and Haemophilus influenzae once on cough swabs. None of them was positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All were pancreatic sufficient. All children in the group remained nutritionally well. None had chronic isolates of significant respiratory pathogens common in cystic fibrosis and repeat sweat test remained normal in all patients. Conclusion Early outcomes for CFSPID are good. National guidance on information provided to families at diagnosis, frequencies of clinic follow up are necessary. In addition assessment of the psychological impact of the diagnosis to the families would be valuable. National data collection possibly through a UK CF registry based study to inform long term outcomes in children with a diagnosis of CF SPID is needed.


This letter to the editor is a response to a review of new developments in contraception by Dr. R. J. Woolley in a prior 1991 issue. Dr. Woolleys appraisal of new technology applications to natural family planning (NFP) is considered valuable however the author finds the assessment of present NFP methods incomplete and misleading. A comparison is made by Woolley between NFP total pregnancy rates and total pregnancy rates with other contraceptive methods. The author finds the comparison equivalent to comparing apples and oranges because NFP can be used both to avoid and to achieve pregnancy. User intent is a requirement for understanding outcome studies of NFP i.e. if NFP is used to achieve a pregnancy then the resulting pregnancy is not a failure. The author recognizes that motivations are not always clear cut and change over time and although difficult to quantify and study are clinically very significant variables. An inconsistency pointed out is Dr. Woolleys use in his article of both use-effectiveness studies and method-failure rates where use-effectiveness rates range at the highest for the cervical mucus method of Billings 39.7 but the failure rate high is 5.7. The author questions how Dr. Woolley can refer to NFP disadvantages of a high failure rate and then later in the article give failure rates comparable to the use effectiveness of spermicides. Reference is made to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Klaus categories for types of pregnancies used in analyzing NFP data. These are 1) method-related pregnancies 2) teaching-related pregnancies 3) informed-choice pregnancies and 4) unresolved pregnancies. The author also identifies the WHO study on NFP as a source which does not support Dr. Woolleys link between increased conceptions occurring at the margins of the sex ratio at birth. The author agrees with Dr. Woolleys statement about the importance of a skilled NFP training instructor but stresses that when taught by professionals the method requires little effort but does require motivation. The conclusion is a reference to Labbok and Queenans review that periodic abstinence methods require a clear understanding and efficacy is = to or better than barrier methods and costs nothing after the teaching phase.


Objective: To investigate the level and clinical significance of C-Reactive Protein(CRP)in serum and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.Methods: Twenty elderly patients with cerebral infarction received the detections of CRP in serum and CSF.The contents of CRP in serum and that in CSF were detected,and the correlations between CRP in serum and that in CSF were analyzed.Results: Linear correlation analysis showed CRP in serum was significantly and positively correlated with that in CSF(r=0.9606,P=0.01).Conclusion:Possibly,there exists CRP in CSF of elderly patients with cerebral infarction because of their blood-cerebral barriers impaired.


Influenced by national defense films and new citizen films in 1936,a left-wing film" A Girl in Isolated City" appeared to fall behind the time,catching the last left-wing touch.Nowadays the significance of the film is that it has both left-wing character and new times mark,and against the history background,it provides a strong spirit support and art resources for new Chinese mainland films shot since 1949.


X-ray standing wave enhanced scattering effects are observed in mesoporous silica thin films (MSTFs) deposited on rough indium tin oxide coated glass substrates in grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering studies. The distorted-wave Born approximation theory along with a rigorous wave function analysis is employed to elucidate the dynamical scattering processes occurring in MSTFs. The data analysis is significantly simplified by expressing the x-ray scattering intensity from MSTFs in two separate functions of the wave vector transfer, where the in-plane correlation between neighboring mesopore channels is decoupled from the out-of-plane interference interaction. Remarkable agreement is achieved between experiment and theory.


Abstract:Max Weber-reception in the Chinese context relied on not only the translations of Weber's works, but also the selection of secondary literature translated into Chinese. The latter reflected the collective mentality and intellectual framework of the recipient community. The author examines the secondary materials in terms of genre and period. During the crucial 1980s to 1990s period, there were three genres (monographs, book-chapters, and biographical work) scattered in a common space of secondary literature, in which we identify at least two different dynamics: a divergent trend in monographs and a convergent trend in book-chapters. The reception of Weber included a dual image which could barely be explained in terms of external factors, such as social, economic, political changes.


Prioritisation of software requirements is a critical part of the development of software. Which
requirements and in which order they will be developed is one of the main tasks that requirement
prioritisation supports.
There are different ways that a requirement prioritisation can be used, for example alone or in a
group and with different methods.
The purpose of this report is to map out how you can carry out a requirement prioritisation alone
with different types of prioritisation methods and how you solve the problems that can arise when
prioritisting requirements. This is done by documenting the use of three different types of methods
that can be execute alone. The methods are "100-dollar test", "Ranking" and "Top-ten
requirements".
To be able to prioritise requirements, you need to establish which requirements you shall prioritise.
The paper retrieves this information by interviewing stakeholders in the system and analysing the
result of the interviews and the execution of the requirement prioritisation.
Three problems arose during that work and I present solutions on these problems. The problems
were 1) equivalent requirements when using the "100-dollar test", 2) low differentiation grade
between the prioritised requirements in the "100-dollar test" and 3) that the requirements that were
prioritised weren't classified before the prioritisation, which leads to inaccuracies in the resulting
prioritisation.
The solution to the problems that the paper presents is to increase the amount of distributable units
in the "100-dollar test" to 1000 per requirement, suggestions of classes of the requirements and
the combination of the methods "100-dollar test" and "ranking" to bypass the equivalent
requirements.
The report is written in Swedish.
Nyckelord: GoTRIS, requirements retrieval, requirements analysis, Viktoria Swedish ICT,
requirements prioritisation, requirements, 100-dollar test, ranking, top 10 requirements.


The classic branches of the coeliac trunk are the left gastric, common hepatic and the splenic arteries. In a routine dissection of a 72year old male cadaver at the Faculty of Medicine, University Sri Lanka a variation of five branches originating directly from the abdominal aorta at the level of the origin of coeliac trunk was observed; left gastric artery, splenic artery, main hepatic artery, first direct hepatic branch and second direct hepatic branch. This deviation from three main classic branches of coeliac trunk to five direct branches is a very rare occurrence. Records of this type of vascular patterns are really important in planning and performing abdominal surgical and radiological procedures as well as radiological interventions.


The upper Arkansas River basin of central Colorado contains watersheds that are affected by acid rock drainage (ARD) from both natural and mining induced sources, including the Leadville mining district. Hyperspectral, high-resolution remote sensing technology is being used to characterize and map the source mineralogy of ARD, changes in downstream water quality, and the fluvial deposition of mine tailings downstream. Two case studies are presented. The Lake Creek watershed is affected by natural ARD, emanating from two sources which are sub-economic, sulfide-mineralized, porphyry systems in the headwaters of two tributaries. Extreme metal- and acid- loadings from source areas affect the watershed for 30 km downstream. The main channel of the Arkansas River, primarily downstream of the Leadville District, contains disseminated tailings distributed by fluvial processes. The tailings are a continuing source of metals loading to the river. The two watershed systems share common mineral coatings, such as jarosite and copiapite for the high-acid sections and goethite for the neutral to alkaline stream rock coatings. However, these are very different systems chemically. Lake Creek contains considerably less sulfur, and therefore, its waters tend to precipitate sulfate, oxide, and hydroxide minerals in a textbook model with changing pH zones with flow down-drainage and as neutral inflows are received. The effluents from the Leadville District wastes are sulfur-enriched, and carbonate-buffered, and consequently produce quite different sulfates such as aluminite (Al sulfate) and amarantite (Fe sulfate). Copiapite and jarosite are restricted to ephemeral backwaters and small tributaries of the main river. Hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing data were acquired for these areas using airborne and satellite sensors. Specific iron sulfate, iron hydroxide, iron oxide, and aluminum hydroxide mineral species are only stable within certain pH ranges and are indicative of stream pH at time of deposition. Along the Arkansas River, tailings and Leadville wastes deposited within the floodplain are mapped. These techniques assist in baseline characterization, evaluation of impact of ARD on watersheds, and planning and prioritization of remedial activities.


The Covid-19 pandemic has acted as a detrimental trigger for the malaise of pre-adolescents and adolescents, who, in a context of continuous and rapid social changes, are going through difficult times, featured by an epidemiological wideranging increase in accesses to mental health services, so high that it is likely to become a 'new normality'. This article reviews the last three years of Italian medical history and shows the epidemiological data collected at national level and at the Giannina Gaslini tertiary care children's hospital in the metropolitan city of Genoa.


A composite bar is divided into several elements in terms of their materials or cross-section areas. The relation between displacement、flexural angle、moment and shear stress of the two end surfaces of each element is expressed by using a matrix. For a composite bar, the relation ship can be expressed by a general matrix, which is the multiplication of matrixes of elements. From the general matrix, the resonant frequency and velocity gain can be calculated. The application of this method is also illustrated in this paper.


In view of inaccurate prediction of a single prediction model and nonstationarity of wind speed data, a wind power prediction method based on local mean decomposition (LMD) and modified Elman neural network is proposed, that is LMD- improved Elman combination forecasting method. Firstly, the wind speed data is decomposed into a series of components which have their respective characteristics by using LMD. Then, according to characteristics of each component, different model is established and the prediction results is added up. Finally, the prediction power is obtained by power curve. Experiment results show that this model can improve the accuracy of the prediction and it's superior to the Elman model, the mean absolute error of LMD-Elman model decreased by 35.75kW.


In the present study, we examined the feasibility of using a simplified ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) technique to investigate the impact of chrysanthemum genotypes, including Bt transgenic lines, the control parental line and a wild species, on microbial communities in their rhizospheric soils. Differential bands among the plant genotypes were identified from RISA profiles. Sequence data revealed that some bands showed high levels of similarity to known species, such as a fungal group of Exidiopsis and Exidia and a protozoan, Tetrahymena tropicalis. None, however, shared homology to either pathogenic or beneficial microbes that have previously been identified in association with both animals and plants.


This chapter on the landscape of the Park Royal brewery explores the tension between modernity and tradition, rural and urban, and the natural and human-made environment. It looks at how Guinness management extensively landscaped the brewery grounds and the ways in which it saw its role as cultivating a beautiful environment for business and its workers. The chapter contextualizes the Guinness example within wider debates about corporate landscapes in the United Kingdom and North America in the postwar period. It draws on ideas and concepts from geography and landscape studies to understand Guinness's "estate in factoryland." It emphasizes how different corporate assumptions about investment were during this period


With the user behavioral data from web pages, this paper was based on SVM classification principles, and analyzed the dataset which was significantly unbalanced, trying to explore a method which could identify the user preference about the merchandises ' brands in the short term.This paper put forward a membership construction method in high dimensional space which was based on Mahalanobis distance of class center. This method was compared with the support vector machine and the fuzzy support vector machine whose membership was constructed in high dimensional space based on Euclidean distance of class center. Through an experiment, the paper proved that this method was validity and superiority in the user behavior preference recognition.


The tectonic response of the Ordos Basin to Indosinian movement mainly occurred in the southwestern part of the basin due to the Late Triassic collisional Qinling orogeny to the south. The orogeny resulted in intense uplift and exhumation of the southwestern section of the Ordos Basin, where the upper and middle parts of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation were exhumated and the magnitude of exhumation progressively decreased to the northeast (Liu Chiyang et al., 2008). However, little attention has been paid to the influence of Indosinian movement to the northern Ordos Basin. In this study, stratigraphic observations and new apatite fission track (AFT) data are integrated to characterize the effect of Indosinian movement in the northern Ordos Basin.


Electromagnetic phenomena are mathematically described by solutions of boundary value problems. For exploiting symmetries of these boundary value problems in a way that is offered by techniques of dimensional reduction, it needs to be justified that the derivative in symmetry direction is constant or even vanishing. A generalized notion of symmetry can be defined with different directions at every point in space, as long as it is possible to exhibit unidirectional symmetry in some coordinate representation. This can be achieved, for example, when the symmetry direction is given by the direct construction out of a unidirectional symmetry via a coordinate transformation which poses a demand on the boundary value problem. Coordinate independent formulations of boundary value problems do exist but turning that theory into practice demands a pedantic process of backtranslation to the computational notions. This becomes even more challenging when multiple chained transformations are necessary for propagating a symmetry. We try to fill this gap and present the more general, isolated problems of that translation. Within this contribution, the partial derivative and the corresponding chain rule for multivariate calculus are investigated with respect to their encodability in computational terms. We target the layer above univariate calculus, but below tensor calculus.


Conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)‐based dedicated true random number generator (TRNG) and physically unclonable function (PUF) designs have exhibited higher energy consumption and large area overhead with technology scaling. In contrast, this paper for the first time presents emerging tunnel field‐effect transistor (TFET)‐based ultra‐lightweight reconfigurable TRNG and PUF design. A unique methodology is proposed that considers p‐i‐n forward current characteristics to generate random keys for PUF and TRNG designs. Leveraging the p‐i‐n forward current of TFET, a ring oscillator (RO) is designed that exhibits variation in the operating frequency and acts as the main source of entropy for both PUF and TRNG. The TRNG in the proposed design is robust and passed all the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests. Considering the variation in p‐i‐n forward current, the uniqueness of PUF is calculated as 47.5% and 46% at a supply voltage of 0.5 and 0.45 V, respectively. Moreover, PUF achieves high reliability of 82% and 88.7% with supply voltage and temperature variations, respectively. The proposed design is proved to be compact with relatively lower gate count and shows low energy consumption of 4.8 pJ/bit at 0.5‐V supply voltage. With these performance metrics, the proposed design is highly suitable for resource‐constrained internet of things (IoT).


Dowell [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 128, 1–2 (2010)] commented on several aspects of an approximation commonly invoked to model the coupling of an acoustic cavity and a surrounding structure. Additional observations regarding these issues are provided herein, as well as an explanation of discrepancies in the low frequency pressure predicted by the approximation.


Last week, the House passed the final National Science Foundation (NSF) funding bill more than doubling the President's budget increase for the agency for fiscal year 1995.

NSF's total budget will increase by 13.8% to nearly $3.4 million. However, 5.4% was allocated for research and related activities, which was below the President's request.


A well‐localized target of hydrogen, deuterium, or helium has been developed for use with the University of Illinois 300‐Mev betatron. The liquefied target gas is contained in a thin‐walled brass cylinder in contact with a low‐temperature reservoir. For hydrogen and deuterium targets the reservoir contains hydrogen, while for a helium target the reservoir contains helium. Target cylinders of 1.25‐inch diameter with 0.0005‐inch walls and 2‐inch and 4‐inch diameter with 0.001‐inch walls have been used giving proton and meson backgrounds from the cylinder walls of less than 10 percent. A liquid nitrogen cooled radiation shield surrounds the target and reservoir. The nitrogen shield and the vacuum jacket enclosing it have thin windows allowing one to study the production of protons of energy >20 Mev and mesons of energy >7 Mev. From the 3 liter reservoir the loss rate of liquid hydrogen is 40 ml per hour and of liquid helium is 250 ml per hour.


What do financial crises do – to us? The hardship that people go through in the wake of financial crises – unemployment, poverty, mental and physical illness – can be harrowing. But do financial crises really increase inequality? There are many possible connections between the two. Causality can run both ways, either crises engendering greater inequality, or inequality generating crises.


Dysregulated protein synthesis is seen in many aggressive cancers, including metastatic breast cancer. However, the specific contributions of certain translation initiation factors to in vivo disease remain undefined. This is particularly true of eIF4B, an RNA-binding protein and cofactor of the RNA helicase eIF4A and associated eIF4F cap-binding complex. While eIF4A, eIF4G, and eIF4E are well-known to contribute to the progression of many cancer types including metastatic breast cancers, the role played by eIF4B in breast cancer remains relatively unclear. We therefore explored how naturally divergent and experimentally modulated eIF4B levels impact tumor growth and progression in well-characterized murine triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. Surprisingly, we found that higher eIF4B levels in mouse and human breast cancers were associated with less aggressive phenotypes. shRNA-mediated eIF4B knockdown in TNBC lines failed to markedly alter proliferation and global translation in the cells in vitro and only modestly hindered their growth as primary mammary tumors growth in mice. However, eIF4B knockdown significantly enhanced invasive growth in vitro and exacerbated both tumor burden and mortality relative to nontargeting shRNA controls in a model of metastatic disease. Analysis of eIF4B levels and breast cancer patient survival reinforced a link to better outcomes. Interestingly, low eIF4B expression was also associated with more formidable immune evasion in vitro and in vivo, implicating a novel immunomodulatory role for this factor in the malignant setting that suggests a mode of action beyond its historical role as a co-activator of eIF4A/F. Significance Statement Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite many advances in our understanding of this complex process and the molecular and cellular events involved, mechanisms that allow secondary tumors to arise and persist remain incompletely understood. Uncharacterized metastatic determinants active at the level of translational control may be exploitable as novel therapy targets or biomarkers predicting a tumor's potential for spread and recurrence. Here we describe previously unrecognized consequences of dysregulated eIF4B levels in murine breast cancer that shed light on how this translation initiation factor contributes to disease outcomes. Our findings suggest that eIF4B levels direct metastatic risk and immune evasion, and further study should establish its value in personalized treatment decisions and development of future therapies.


Abstract In the present article we introduce certain typical sets in an ideal topological space, some such corresponding versions in topological spaces being already there in the literature. We prove several properties of the introduced classes of sets, and finally as application, we initiate the study of a kind of separation axiom, termed *−T12 $* - T_{{1 \over 2}}$ -property.


This study was conducted in the laboratory of mycotoxins in the Department of Plant Protection / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad. The results of the field survey of gummy stem blight showed the presence of symptoms of spotting and death on the shoot and damage to fruits in the fields of watermelon for some province, Diwaniyah, Sulaymaniyah, Kut, and Salah Al-din. These symptoms were represented by the appearance of spots and cankers on the stems, leaves in a dark brown color with cracks in the stems and fruits, and resulted in a gummy material in black or brown color. The purification results of the fungus isolation showed that it appears in a white to the green olive and then to the dark color on the top side of the colony. As for the colonial lower side, it shall be olive in color to black in the form of concentric rings, where the isolates were similar to the Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum. The strongly virulent isolate (I11) was determined after proving its high efficacy in re-infection and giving the same symptoms and was diagnosed in the beginning depending on the morphological characteristics. The Pycnidia was observed on the affected parts (crown area) under the optical microscopy, Chlamydospores were also observed by testing under the optical microscopy. Furthermore, the results indicated the superiority of the nutrient medium V8A to stimulate the fungus over the formation of Pycnidia for the strongly virulent isolate (I11) which was formed on the colony. In addition, it was clear under optical microscopy and are signs considered diagnostic for the fungus, compared to other methods such as exposure to ultraviolet light alternating with the dark hours, and the method of scraping the surface of the colony that did not show any efficiency in stimulating the fungus to form its reproductive parts. Molecular diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was also based on the ITS4 region sequence of DNA, where the results of the nucleotide sequence showed that the strongly virulent isolate of the stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum. The isolate was stored in the Gen-Bank under the accession number (MT102262), and the results showed a 98% match with the global isolates. Therefore, this fungus was recorded as the causative agent of gummy stem blight disease on the watermelon crop, and in general, this is the first recording of S.cucurbitacearum and the first report on gummy stem blight disease on the watermelon crop in Iraq. Furthermore, the other strongly virulent isolate D4, that was isolated from the watermelon farms in Diwaniya Province, symptoms of cankers were observed on the stem and crown area with black gummy material similar to the gummy material caused by gummy stem blight disease on the watermelon crop and caused by the fungus D. bryoniae (S. cucurbitacearum). Besides, the presence of microsclerotia at the injury site was also partially diagnosed, and it was observed that M. phaseolina was the cause of charcoal rot disease on some vegetables, and its nucleotide sequence was stored with the accession number MT102264. In addition to the isolates of other accompaniment fungi (13), also diagnosed and stored the nucleotide sequence for each isolate in the GenBank under the global accession number for each one.


We consider a principal (e.g., a ridesharing platform such as Uber or Lyft) who receives two types of jobs (e.g., passengers requesting solo or shared rides) according to a Poisson process. The principal first decides which jobs to admit and then assigns an agent (e.g., driver) to perform them. The agent who is assigned the job has preference between the two types of jobs. The agent can independently decide whether to accept or reject a job which is assigned to them. The principal and the agent receive different rewards from each job thus resulting in incentives misalignment. The research questions are: (1) which job(s) should the principal admit? (2) How much should the principal pay the agent? To answer these questions, we model the agent as an M / M / 1 loss system. Using a Markov decision process and dynamic programming, we find the optimal wage the principal should pay the agent and a threshold admission policy (also known as trunk-reservation or switching-curve policy). Prior literature did not consider two players (agent and principal) with misaligned objectives and each making dynamic decisions. We contribute to the literature by adding another layer of decision making and by introducing server (agent) independence wherein the servers have preferences regarding the type of job they wish to perform.


Based upon analysis of the types of cracks of asphalt pavement and causing reasons of them corresponding prevention and treatment measures are elaborated in detail in order to improve the construction quality and prolong service life of asphalt pavement to promote the development of construction technology of asphalt pavement.


This study first identifies the importance of Credit Risk Management for commercial banks and then tries to find out the existing procedures for credit risk management that are followed by the different commercial banks in Bangladesh. The future of banking will undoubtedly rest on risk management dynamics. Only those banks that have efficient risk management system will survive in the market in the long run. The effective management of credit risk is a critical component of comprehensive risk management essential for long-term success of a banking institution. From the study we found that the existing procedures of credit management are not adequate to compete with the challenging financial and economic environment. This paper is concluded with some guidelines that will help commercial banks to sustain in the volatile market.


The prediction of companies' crisis and assessment of crisis probability is an important theoretical and practical problem which is being analyzed by various authors from finance, business administration and law perspectives. Various authors have presented different models for company's crisis identification, but most of them are based on the quantitative assessment of financial ratios. Such models have a limited usability because the lack of factors assessed in case of small and medium companies. In SMEs sector the company's crisis identification is specific because of the nature of SMEs business management which creates the strong dependability of business results on human resources and environmental factors. In this study the set of qualitative and quantitative factors is proposed to support the development of company's crisis identification models for SMEs. The proposed set of criteria allows identification of the real situation in the company regarding not only the financial statements but also a wide variety of factors related to company's management capabilities, competencies of human resources, possible impact of internal and external environmental factors and other important non-quantitative aspects. The prosed set of criteria might be used for the development of company's crisis identification model which would help to forecast the possible company's crisis in SMEs sector. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.26.2.8779


This article reports on a study into news discourse and news reception. News about the economy has
a distinctive character, owing to its regularity, its statistical emphasis and the "relational" complexity
of the economy as a national system subject to political management and dispute. Having looked at some of the ways in which information and judgement of economic shifts are turned into the
images and speech of news narrative and exposition, the article raises questions about the
interpretation of economic news by viewers. The issues of comprehension and of evaluative
predisposition are examined, with citation from recent fieldwork. News about the economy is
clearly a requirement of public communication andan essential resource for citizenship. The article
finishes with an assessment of the problems and challenges which journalism faces in this area.


Frozen sections of tissues of male and female origin were stained with quinacrine dihydrochloride and examined by fluorescence microscopy. A sex difference of nuclei was readily observed. In 71% of interphase nuclei from men a brightly fluorescent spot could be identified, whereas only 9% of nuclei from women had a similar structure. The spermatocytes were exceptional among cells from men because the fluorescent spot was found in only 39% of the nuclei. The fluorescent spot in interphase nuclei indicates the presence of the Y chromosome. This new staining technic will be helpful for identification of nuclear sex when the conventional sex chromatin test is equivocal.


The number of patients with cirrhosis who require surgery is increasing. Therefore, it can be expected that a growing number of patients with cirrhosis will undergo surgery. Patients with cirrhosis are at particularly at high risk for morbidity and mortality due to the stress of surgery and the effects of general anesthesia. The risk for morbidity and mortality are influenced by the type of surgery and the extent of liver dysfunction . In patient with cirrhosis who undergo emergent abdominal surgery the mortality rate may reach 50%. The Child-Pugh score is used to predict perioperative morbidity and mortality rates for patients undergoing intra-abdominal surgery . The mortality rate patient with Child Classification A was 10%, Child Classification B was 31% and Child Classification C was 76%. So, an approach to perioperative risk assessment, evaluation, and management of the cirrhosis patients who is a surgical candidate is very crucial. We reported a case of an elderly male patient with liver cirrhosis who would undergo emergent abdominal surgery. Keywords : liver cirrhosis, emergency surgery, child pugh classification


Abstract Although researchers have conceptualized beauty as unidimensional, modern-day cultural definitions of beauty are multidimensional. This paper focuses on two forms of mass media that play an important role in transmitting information about multiple and diverse cultural ideals of beauty—fashion magazine advertising and music videos shown on music television. We examine the overall prevalence of different beauty ideals and how these are distributed across specific vehicles within each medium. We also compare the emphasis placed on different ideals of beauty across these two communications media (print vs. television) and formats (advertising vs. entertainment). The implications of the findings for understanding the cultural construction of beauty ideals and for understanding how advertising and other mass media communications contribute to them are discussed. Several extensions of the present research are proposed.


We present a variety of metamaterial-based optical components for THz waves as e.g. bandpass filters, wave plates, polarizers, modulators, gradient index (GRIN) lenses and near- field sensors. As as central scope, we concentrate on the design, fabrication and characterization of a 3-layer metamaterial-based gradient-index lens that focuses THz waves around a center frequency of 1.3THz down to spot diameters of the order of one wavelength. The operation bandwidth of the GRIN lens was 300GHz. The plasmonic metamaterial structure that composed the GRIN lens was fully embedded in a highly transmissive polymer membrane and allowed high transmission of THz radiation through the lens. The thickness of the lens was smaller than one wavelength of the THz wave and thus enables application in ultra-compact, low cost THz inspection systems.


This essay analyzes the characteristic of the method of winning bid,the arisen problem after carrying out of that,and how to improve and perfect it.In the end it points out: the method of winning bid at the lowest price should become one of the aims of the connection of the Chinese system to the international practice in constructional engineering bargaining.The system should be pushed to implementation on the basis of creating condition actively.


Brief Biography: I am a postdoc in the Computer Sci- ence and Arti cial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) at MIT, hosted by Professor Nancy Lynch. She received a Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2017, supervised by Pro- fessor Nitin H. Vaidya. Her research intersects distributed systems, learning, security, and brain computing. She was the runner-up for the Best Student Paper Award at DISC 2016, and she received the 2015 Best Student Paper Award at SSS 2015. She received UIUC's Sundaram Seshu Interna- tional Student Fellowship for 2016, and was invited to par- ticipate in Rising Stars in EECS (2018). She has served on TPC for several conferences including ICDCS and ICDCN.


During the entire life cycle of the freshwater bivalve, zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), a delicate glandular apparatus named byssus was maintained in the foot unlike most other species in class Bivalvia which usually drops it after a certain stage. This lifelong apparatus helps the zebra mussel to firmly attach to substrata underwater thereby causing severe economic and ecologic impacts. In an attempt to better understand the zebra mussel's adhesion mechanism, a cDNA microarray was employed to identify genes involved in attachment and detachment processes. By construction of a Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) cDNA library, 708 unique zebra mussel byssus glands genes were obtained as the templates for cDNA microarray. All the 708 cDNA were amplified and randomly spotted with three replicates in an array containing 48 sub arrays (4 × 12). In each sub array, 64 spots were distributed as an 8 × 8 matrix. The RNA samples from the zebra mussel feet in attachment and detachment states were used in a two color hybridization to reveal the gene differential expression in the two states. Moreover, Quantitative PCR was applied to assess the efficiency of the developed microarray. Our findings demonstrated that the zebra mussel byssus cDNA microarray is a reliable tool for the studies of differential gene expression in different attachment states, thereby revealing important details of the underwater attachment.


The synthetic route to polyetherimides by displacement of nitro-groups from disubstituted bis-imides by the dianion of bisphenols are described. The prepration of bis-imides and bisphenol dianions, their polymerization, and some of the properties of the polymers are presented in detail. The 13C-NMR spectra of intermediates and products were used to establish compositions and determine molecular weights.


For p > 1, and phi (p)(s) = s (p-2)s, we consider the equation (phi (p)(x'))' + alpha phi (p)(x(+)) - X phi (p)(x(-)) = f(t, x), where x(+) max(x, 0); x(-) = max(-x,0), in a situation of resonance or near resonance for the period T, i.e. when alpha,beta satisfy exactly or approximately the resonance for the period T, i.e. equation pi (p)/alpha (1/p) + pi (p)/beta (1/p) = T/n, for some integer n. We assume that f is continuous, locally Lipschitzian in x, T-periodic in t, bounded on R-2, and having limits f(-/+)(t) for x --> +/- infinity, the limits being uniform in t. Denoting by v a solution of the homogeneous equation (phi (p)(x'))' + alpha phi (p)(x(+)) - beta phi (p)(x(-)) = 0 we study the existence of T-periodic solutions by means of the function Z(theta) = integral ((t is an element ofI v theta (t)>0)) f (+)(t)v(t + theta) dt + integral ((t is an element ofI v theta (t) ) dt, where I-(def) double under bar [0,T]. In particular, we prove the existence of T-periodic solutions at resonance when Z has 2z zeros in the interval (0,T/n), all zeros being simple, and z being different from 1.


Calcium homeostasis plays a key role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in the SLC8A1 and other four calcium‐regulating genes interact with calcium intake in relation to the risk of colorectal neoplasia.


This paper investigates "Enlightenment" thoughts and reformists. The late Joseon society in the 19th century began to perceive a crisis as it observed the Qing Dynasty was forced to open its door under military forces of Western powers after their invasion into the East. Besides, owing to ...


Some indication of conditions that are necessary for the formation of black holes from the collision of bubbles during a supercooled phase transition in the the early universe are explored. Two colliding bubbles can never form a black hole. Three colliding bubbles can refocus the energy in their walls to the extent that it becomes infinite.


Utilization of renewable energies is of major importance because of the increase in fossil energy costs in combination with carbon dioxide reduction preventing global warming. The importance of the solar energy can be considered as the sustainable energy which may successfully satisfy a part of the energy demand of future generations. The 3x1024 joule/year energy supply from sun to the earth is ten thousand times more than the global need. It means that the use of 10% efficiency photovoltaic cells could cover the present needs in electricity covering only the 0.1% of earth's surface (Wu, et al. 2008). Handling this opportunity of solar energy utilization is a big bet for the future. Besides the development of new clean techniques to the electrical power generation is urgently important in order to protect global environment and assure economic growth of sustainable resources. Taking into account the present status in photovoltaic technology, some improvements have to be made which are summarized in three basic fields: (a) in costs, (b) in their applicability and (c) sustainability. Although the cost per peak watt of crystalline silicon solar cells has significantly dropped, it is still expensive compared to the conventional grid electricity resources. Silicon wafers made of pure semiconducting material to avoid limitations in energy conversion, are still expensive. For this reason developments on potentially cheaper solar cells based on thin-film technology have been made. According to this technology, thin films made of purely inorganic materials such as amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, and copper indium diselenide successfully prepared on glass substrates. Almost two decades ago, dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were proposed as low cost alternatives to the conventional amorphous silicon solar cells, owing to the simplicity of their fabrication procedures, practically under ambient conditions with mild chemical processes. DSSCs are placed in the category of third generation photovoltaics where new trends in the photovoltaic technology are applied. In the 1st generation PV cells, the electric interface is made between doped n-type and p-type bulk silicon. 1st generation PV cells provide the highest so far conversion efficiency. The 2nd generation PV cells are based on


PART ONE: MANAGING STRATEGICALLY Chapter 1: Strategy Basics Chapter 2: External Analysis Chapter 3: Internal Analysis PART TWO: MAKING MOVES Chapter 4: Timing and Positioning Chapter 5: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Divestitures Chapter 6: Globalization Chapter 7: Innovation and Entrepreneurship PART THREE: REPOSITIONING Chapter 8: Continuous Reinvention


The present paper describes the findings in a small series of cases of vestibular neuronitis on whom this type of analysis was performed. It is important to realize that the findings in any such analysis will depend upon the degree of recovery. Although it is unrealistic to expect characteristic vestibular findings for each pathological entity we have found that patterns of vestibular reactions to our series of tests do occur and we believe that this type of analysis is of considerable help in differential diagnosis.


Lignin separation from natural lignocellulose for the preparation of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) is often challenging owing to the recalcitrant and complex structure of lignocellulose. This paper reports a strategy for the rapid synthesis of LNPs via microwave‐assisted lignocellulose fractionation using ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs). A novel ternary DES with strong hydrogen bonding was prepared using choline chloride, oxalic acid, and lactic acid in a 1:0.5:1 ratio. Efficient fractionation of rice straw (0.5 × 2.0 cm) (RS) was realized by the ternary DES under microwave irradiation (680 W) within only 4 min, and 63.4% of lignin could be separated from the RS to prepare LNPs with a high lignin purity (86.8%), an average particle size of 48–95 nm, and a narrow size distribution. The mechanism of lignin conversion was also investigated, which revealed that dissolved lignin aggregated into LNPs via π–π stacking interactions.


The linear rescaling of the variance of an asset's return is used by many asset pricing models when an annualised risk coefficient is required. However, this approach may not be appropriate for time series, which are not independent and identically distributed (IID). This paper investigates the scaling relationships for daily credit spreads, from January 1995 to May 1998, between AAA-, AA-, and A-rated Australian dollar denominated Eurobonds with maturities of 2, 5, 7, and 10 years. The credit spread return all display similar scaling properties with the estimated standard deviation, based upon a scaling at the square root of time, significantly underestimating the actual level of risk predicted from a normal distribution. These results have implications for risk managers and trading of credit spread instruments.


An industrial installation for vacuum arc deposition is presented. Its potential in the field of decorative coatings for large area glass and steel sheets is demonstrated. Particularly it is possible to deposit patterned coatings through a textile polymeric mask. TiN, TiO 2 and mutilayer TiN/TiO 2 coatings have been characterized. The depth profiling was made with the aid of Auger electron spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance of TiN coatings is higher than the corrosion resistance of TiO 2 . The corrosion resistance of vacuum arc deposited TiN coatings on glass proves to be higher than that of TiN coatings produced by direct current reactive sputtering and plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition. Patterned TiN coatings do not show any signs of an accelerated corrosion along the border between the coated and uncoated glass.


While much attention has been focused on the financial woes of the US economy in the wake of the Great Recession, this chapter focuses on an important real sector imbalance: the failure of real wages to keep pace with productivity growth over the past three decades. This imbalance is shown to create a structural flaw in the aggregate demand generating process that threatens to undermine future macroeconomic performance. The chapter reflects on the policy responses necessary to remedy this situation, and the likelihood that the US will succeed in avoiding a future of secular stagnation.


SUMMARY We reporttwocaseswherepatients withan acuteheadinjury developed hypercapnia as a result oftheinappropriate useoftheMagill breathing circuit. TheMagill circuit is inefficient whenusedforcontrolled ventilation because thepatient isventilated withhis own expired gas anddevelops hypercapnia. Thesuitability ofalternative breathing systemsarediscussed.


ABSTRACT Despite the good intention of humanitarian agencies, humanitarian assistance and relief aid exacerbated the humanitarian crisis in Tanzania during 1994. In the case of Tanzania, humanitarian assistance relieved belligerents' burden of sustaining conflicts, created safe spaces for armed combatants, undermined local economies, bestowed legitimacy upon belligerents, and fed armed combatants. This situation hence posed the typical humanitarian assistance dilemma for humanitarian agencies. While most scholars and aid practitioners suggest that humanitarian agencies should withdraw their assistance in these contexts given aid's apparent negative impact, there is relatively little research that properly identifies different kinds of ethical constraints and moral dilemmas that have long challenged humanitarian agencies. Referencing the case of late twentieth-century Tanzania, this article contextualises the humanitarian assistance dilemma and systematically examines the ethical predicaments that surround it. Its analysis sheds light on moral quandaries that humanitarian agencies need to address in conflict situations.


Pulmonary blastomas are a group of rare malignant neoplasms that microscopically resemble the fetal lung and have recently been subdivided into three categories: classic biphasic pulmonary blastoma (CBPB), well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma (WDFA), and pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB). WDFA was first described by Kradin et al in 1982 as a tumor containing the epithelial features of pulmonary blastoma, but lacking sarcomatous features. Herein we report a 27-year-old female patient with a right middle lobe tumor, which consisted of branching tubules of a cribriform pattern lined by pseudostratified, nonciliated columnar cells and some morules beneath the glandular epithelium. The histological features fulfilled the criteria of a well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma. She underwent a right middle lobe lobectomy, and was well at the 3-month follow-up.


The reproducibility of the histamine challenge in seven asymptomatic patients with extrinsic asthma, provoked four times each with 1–2 weeks interval, was investigated. The method was thereafter used in order to find the sub‐threshold bronchodilating dose of a new β‐agonist KWD 2131 with a preferably anti‐allergic property. Selection of patients and methodology of the histamine challenge procedure were carefully standardized. Histamine was administered during quiet breathing at 3‐min intervals in a step‐wise cumulative manner up to a point where >20% decrease in FEV1.0 was reached. The pooled intra‐individual standard deviation was 4.6% in FEV1.0, 5.0% in PEFR, and 4.7% in FVC.


Deep power down leakage is a very key requirement for IC chip, especially for the MCU chips with battery power supply. In this paper, we studied the deep power down mode chip leakage caused pocket shadowing effect due to poly L-shape layout. And we tried to optimize the layout and process to reduce the leakage.


Objective
To study the changes of helper T cells (Th) 17 and regulatory T cells (Treg) before and after therapy in patients with chronic primary thrombocytopenia(cITP), in order to explore their significance in pathogenesis and treatment of cITP.

Methods
From January 2012 to December 2015, a total of 31 patients with cITP who were treated in Heze Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were included in this study.They were divided into effective group (n=22) and ineffective group (n=9) according to their treatment effects. Meanwhile, there were 21 healthy individuals for physical examination were also included in this study as control group (n=21). The proportion of plasma Th17, Treg and the ratio of Th17/Tregs before and after therapy in patients with cITP and healthy adults in control group were detected by flow cytometry. The data of Th17, Tregs and the ratio of Th17/Tregs were non-normal distributions, and measurement data were expressed as M(P25-P75). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the data among deffierent groups and between before and after therapy in the same group. The research subjects were told and signed the informed consent agreement.There were no significant differences among three groups in the age and aspects of gender ratio, etc.(P>0.05).

Results
① Before therapy, proportion of plasma Th17, Tregs and the ratio of Th17/Tregs were no significance difference between effective group and ineffective group(Z=0.231, 0.243, 0.305; P=0.984, 0.993, 0.814), but compared with control group espectively, both effective group and ineffective group had statistically differences (Z=4.023, 5.317, 6.231, 4.892, 4.912, 6.042; P=0.002, 0.002, 0.001, 0.001, 0.003, 0.001). ② In effective group, there were significance differences in proportion of plasma Th17, Tregs and the ratio of Th17/Tregs between before and after therapy (Z=3.591, 3.225, 5.254; P=0.003, 0.006, 0.001); but after therapy, the difference was no statistically significant between effective group and control group (Z=0.342, 0.391, 0.328; P=0.871, 0.882, 0.789). ③ In ineffective group, there were no significance difference in proportion of plasma Th17, Tregs and the ratio of Th17/Tregs between before and after therapy (Z=0.207, 0.194, 0.284; P= 0.991, 0.996, 0.901). And after therapy, the differences still had statistically significance between ineffective group and control group(Z=4.358, 4.465, 5.612; P=0.002, 0.003, 0.001).

Conclusions
Th17 and Treg may participate in the occurrence and development of cITP. Patients with cITP have abnormal proportion of plasma Treg and Th17 and dysregulation of Treg/Th17. Targeted drugs targeting Treg/Th17 abnormalities are also expected to open up new avenues for the treatment of cITP.

Key words:
Thrombocytopenica, primary; Helper T cells 17; Regulatory T cells; Flow cytometry


This study explores the effects of vowel duration in identifying the previous stop laryngeal contrast in Korean. The durational resolution in Korean shows a limited variation of syllable duration and a strong correlation between VOT and vowel duration [1]. The systematic variation of vowel duration due to different VOTs of prevocalic stops suggests vowel duration as a plausible perceptual cue in identifying the preceding stops. Identification tests on stop categories (plain, tense, aspirated) in Korean were conducted with 12 native Korean listeners, using 33 disyllabic word tokens in the utterance-initial position. All sound tokens were manipulated in the vowel duration, pitch, and VOT. The results show that listeners employ multiple cues of VOT, pitch, and vowel duration in identifying the stop categories. It is also confirmed that vowel duration is actively used, even with unambiguous F0. The effect of vowel duration, however, is found to depend on stop laryngeal categories. Identification of the plain stop based strongly on F0 information. The effects of vowel duration were more obvious in tense and aspirated stops in the higher F0 ranges.


Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and index modulation (IM) are two emerging technologies, which show great potentials to achieve green and clean wireless communications, attracting extensive attention in recent years. This paper designs and implements an RIS-based IM transmission scheme that effectively integrates the two techniques. By utilizing the characteristics of RIS to realize flexible control of electromagnetic waves in a reconfigurable manner, IM wireless transmission can be directly realized without conventional radio frequency chains. The proposed approach is validated through the prototype system which is set up based on a fabricated phase-programmable RIS operating in the sub-6GHz frequency band. The experimental results convincingly verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme and suggest that RISs offer a cost-effective hardware architecture to realize IM with massive transmitting antennas.


VIP relaxes cerebral vessels in vitro. Central nervous system (CNS) blood flow(BF) was measured (radioactive microspheres) in 6 - 8 week piglets during vehicle infusion and at 10 min of VIP (1 μg/kg/min, iv; plasma VIP of 9±2ng/ml). VIP increased heart rate (228±14 vs 136±8 beats/min, p<.001), reduced systemic pressure (64±5 vs 92±3mmHg, p<.001), while CO was unchanged (276±30 vs 261±20ml/min/kg). Caudate nucleus, cerebral gray and white matter BF was reduced by 19 to 25% while regional resistance was unchanged. In contrast, resistance was reduced by 23-34% in the spinal cord, brain stem and cerebellum while BF was unchanged.Values are mean±SE; n=8; *p<0.02 to<0.005 vs ControlThus, VIP induced CNS BF changes in awake piglets are different than in anesthetized animals. Whether this represents differential regional sensitivity to VIP or is a consequence of the systemic effects of VIP is unknown.


A general response surface method(GRSM) is presented to calculate the failure probability of elastic linkages with fuzzy and random basic variables.Based on the Kineto-elasto dynamic finite element method,the GRSM is programmed for the strength,stiffness and the system reliability analysis of the elastic linkages.The concrete calculating results are drawn for the failure probability of the elastic linkage along with time.The comparisons of the GRSM and the direct Monte Carlo simulation show that these two methods are in agreement with each other rather well,and the computation cost of the GRSM is significantly decreased.


A culture medium for osteoprogenitor and / or osteoblasts from human embryonic stem cells (hES) or their progeny, comprising BMP4, dexamethasone and ascorbic acid or an analogue thereof.


The modern technique of photoacoustic calorimetry (PAC) has been critically evaluated for its utility and reliability in biophysical chemistry by applying it to reactive intermediates in the vitamin B12 family of compounds. Measurement of the photoacoustic signals at 337 nm in 0.01 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.0, for methylcobalamin and methylcobinamide versus reference compounds from −2 to +40 °C, combined with measurement of the quantum yields for photodissociation (0.27 and 0.17, respectively), yields the bond dissociation energies of the corresponding cobalt−carbon bonds as BDE{Me−Cbl} = 36 and BDE{Me−Cbi} = 37 kcal mol-1. Simultaneously, the reaction volumes for homolytic bond cleavage were determined to be 16 and 14 cm3 mol-1, respectively. These accurate measurements provide new paradigms for understanding the mechanisms by which the novel rearrangements catalyzed by coenzyme B12 are achieved as well as establishing the validity of the PAC technique and data treatment. The further extension of PAC to...


Excerpt An increased prevalence of spontaneous bleeding manifestations has been observed in patients on chronic hemodialysis. They have included gastrointestinal bleeding (1), subdural hematomas (2...


Remarks on Jane Hathaway's "nostalgia" theory (see infra, n. 6) concerning the impression left by the Mamluk sultans left on historiography.  Our remarks are based on manuscripts (especially the unpublished BNF arabe 3651) that did not become part of The Arabian Nights but help in understanding how that collection formed and took shape.


During the past two decades, the United States has undergone an explo sive expansion in the production of synthetic organic chemicals. The pet rochemical industry is the base for many of the other chemical industries because the petroleum crudes are the essential raw materials in the produc tion of many synthetic organics. Ac cording to the U. S. Tariff Commis sion, the output of crude products de rived from petroleum and natural gas for chemical conversion amounted to over 24 bil lb (10.9 bil kg) in 1959 and over 26 bil lb (11.8 bil kg) in 1960; this is about half the total pro duction of synthetic organic chemicals a). Products and wastes from the syn thetic chemical industry are extremely complex in their composition and their effects on water quality. Some cause odors and some are highly toxic to fish and other aquatic life (2). For the past few years studies have been con ducted at the Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center to characterize some of these synthetic organic chemi cals and industrial wastes according to possible pollutional effects. The Aqua tic Biology Section of the Basic and Applied Sciences Branch research pro gram has been concerned with investi gations of their effects on aquatic life. In the study reported here most of the compounds tested were selected on


It is proved that, except for a location term, empirical likelihood does draw contours which are second-order correct for those of a pseudo-likelihood. However, except in the case of one dimension, this pseudo-likelihood is not that which would commonly be employed when constructing a likelihood-based confidence region. It is shown that empirical likelihood regions may be adjusted for location so as to render them second-order correct. Furthermore, it is proved that location-adjusted empirical likelihood regions are Bartlett-correctable in a certain sense