We present a vibrational energy harvester with fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)-ferroelectrets working in d31 mode. The ferroelectret film consists of two FEP films, fused together to form a parallel tunnel structure with well-defined air gaps. Its dynamic piezoelectric g31 coefficient is 0.7 V m N − 1. The energy-harvesting device is an air-spaced cantilever arrangement that was produced by the additive manufacturing technique. The device was tested by exposing it to sinusoidal vibrations with an acceleration a, generated by a shaker. The measurement shows a resonance at about 35 Hz and a normalized output power of 320 μW for a seismic mass of 4.5 g at an acceleration of 0.1 g (g is the gravity of the earth). This demonstrates a significant improvement of air-spaced vibrational energy harvesting with ferroelectrets and greatly exceeds previous performance data for polymer cantilever devices.


Abstract Background: With the number of cancer patients growing, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been a necessary treatment. Unfortunately, there are many side effects after radiation and chemotherapy, one of which is xerostomia that always harasses patients. Although there are many ways of treatment of xerostomia, they have many disadvantages. With the rare side effects and the excellent effect, acupuncture has been widely applied to dry mouth after radiotherapy, but it has not been recognized as the standard treatment. Because acupuncture prescription is mostly different and the sample size of studies is small, we need more high-quality meta-analysis to provide relatively reliable evidence for the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia. The objective of this study is to assess the curative effect of acupuncture treatment of cancer patients after radiotherapy and provide more reliable evidence for acupuncture treatment of xerostomia after radiotherapy for cancer patients. Methods: We will search the following databases: CENTRAL (The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP (China Science and Technology Journal Database), Wan Fang Data Knowledge Service Platform. At any rate, 2 review authors will assess all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), seemingly conformance to the inclusion criteria, to confirm qualification, determine the risk of bias and extract data using a running data extraction form. The revolution of disagreements is a discussion. We will use the approach recommended by Cochrane reviews to assess the bias in studies. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be used to assess the treatment effects of an intervention for dichotomous results. We will use mean differences (MD) and standard deviation (SD) to aggregate the data of every trial for continuous results. The heterogeneity test of Cochran and quantification of the I2 statistic will be used to assess the variation of treatment effects. Only if there are studies of semblable comparisons reporting the same results, we will conduct a meta-analysis. Results: From the study, we will evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture for xerostomia patients who has cancer and been treated by radiation. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study will be the evidence, which can ensure the efficacy of acupuncture for cancer patients with radiation-evoked xerostomia among and provide guidance for the treatment of xerostomia. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY202040211.


A recently reconstructed text written by Rousseau is obviously the first part of a broader work he had intended to write on the Principles of War. Although the opus remained incomplete, Rousseau integrated most of the insights he had gained from this early analysis on war into his later political thought. The two main premisses of Rousseau's analysis are that war does not exist between human beings in the state of nature, but only between artificial bodies, i. e. societies consolidated into states, and that therefore war must be regarded as being solely the consequence of the social state. On the international level, the competition between the already constituted wills of the states, who strive to weaken and eventually annihilate each of the other state's general will, leads to the sheer impossibility of construing a permanent international order based either on force or on law. However, as war has this aporetic nature, for it threatens and at the same time consolidates the constituted civil order, Rousseau will henceforth concentrate on how to strenghten the general will against private interests while, by the same token, enabling it to curb the ambitions of the sovereign. 70 Diese Gefahr besteht gemäß Rousseau vor allem in Übergangsphasen; vgl. O. C. III, Sur le gouvernement de Pologne, 1036.


Combining the crawl phenomenon of the hydraulic system of driving force platform YT4543 in practice, the faults diagnosis and troubleshooting of the hydraulic system have been analyzed and discussed. Thus the similar problems can be solved well.


Over the past 30 years, the health care system in the United States has grown to almost unmanageable proportiOns and comp― lexity A coコ nplicated mixture of social, tech― nological and economic forces have led to the present crisis. While the need for health care


Department of Industrial System Engineering, Kangnung University, Kangnung, 210-702Among a variety of models proposed by so far to calculate the real options value when the investment decision about the underlying project may be delayed, the Black-Scholes and the binomial lattice models have been widely used and discussed by academics and practitioners. However these two models do not provide us with intuition into how it is constructed and what it does really mean. In this paper, we will therefore explore its components and practically more intuitive meaning. With the components explored, we developed the mathematical model to calculate the real options value and thus strategic net present value, based on the opportunity cost concept, for which the investment decision about the underlying project is postponed by one year. We will finally present a short illustrative example for readers better understanding on the model proposed in the paper. Keywords : real options value, opportunity cost, strategic net present value, binomial lattice option pricing, investment decision


To date, cross-correlation flowmeters have not achieved commerical importance, and this is believed to have been due primarily to oversimplified assumptions concerning the statistical nature of flow-derived signals. A detailed analysis of signals from flow-modulated ultrasonic beams has led to a set of parameters that a correlation signal processor must satisfy for reliable measurement of flow velocity. This paper describes these parameters and their implementation in the Kent Process Control correlation signal processor, forming the heart of a commercial flow-velocity meter. A new concept of multichannel correlation is utilised, whereby further statistically independent data inherently present in the flow are correlated simultaneously to yield a multichannel correlation function. This technique gives a reduction in response time to sudden changes of flow velocity, extends the operating range and allows greater flexibility in transducer configurations to give improved flow interrogation. The theory of operation of the multichannel correlation signal processor is given, with particular emphasis on the analysis of practical correlation functions and the system response to nonstationary data processed under changing flow conditions.


The InP metal‐oxide‐semiconductor structure using SiO2 film as an insulator was deposited by mercury‐sensitized photoinduced chemical vapor deposition ultilizing a gaseous mixture of silane (SiH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) under 253.7‐nm ultraviolet light irradiation. The structural and electrical properties of the deposited film were then evaluated with emphasis on the substrate temperature dependence. An increase of the substrate temperature (Tsub ) has effects of increasing the refractive index and decreasing the etching rate, oxide charge density, and interface state density. Postoxidation annealing in a N2 environment at 300 °C decreases the interface states as well as the oxide charge.


Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease represents a broad spectrum of histological abnormalities ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH is characterized by steatosis, hepatic inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning, and fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of modified citrus pectin (MCP), inhibitor of galectin-3, in ApoE KO mice fed a western diet (WD). ApoE KO mice were divided into 3 groups: standard diet-fed (SD) group, WD-fed group, and WD-fed + MCP-treated group (WD+MCP). WD-fed mice displayed increased hepatic triacylglycerides (TAG-290%), and plasma ALT (115%) and AST (130%) compared with SD group. MCP treatment decreased hepatic TAG (30%) in WD-fed mice, plasma ALT and AST were reverted. WD-fed mice also displayed increased hepatic collagen deposition (18%), and MCP treatment inhibited this increase. These results were similar with hydroxyproline concentration in liver. WD-fed mice showed an impaired glucose tolerance compared with SD-fed mice, while MCP treatment improved glucose tolerance in WD-fed mice. Also, WD-fed mice presented increased fasting insulin (140%) compared with SD-fed mice, and MCP treatment reverted this increase by 100%. Gene expression of F4/80 was increased by 76% in the WD group compared with SD group, however had not significant difference between WD+MCP and SD group. Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 was increased by 5-fold in WD group compared with SD group, while this increase was inhibited with MCP treatment. Also, it was observed an increase in JNK phosphorylation by 3-fold in WD group, and MCP treatment inhibited this increase. Taken together, we confirm WD-fed ApoE KO mice as a suitable experimental model of NASH, and the inhibition of galectin-3 by the treatment with MCP protects ApoE KO mice against the development of NASH and glucose intolerance.

 L. Araujo: None. F. Sucupira: None. C.C.B. Dias: None. A. Amaral: None. J. Camporez: None.

 São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)


................................................................................................................................. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................................ vii PROJECT BACKGROUND AND SCOPE OF WORK ................................................................ 1 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 1 HISTORICAL LANGUAGE ASSOCIATED WITH PAUPER CARE ......................................... 2 REVIEW OF CONTEXTUAL LITERATURE ABOUT PAUPER CARE .................................... 4 PAUPER CARE IN EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS ................................................................ 17 PAUPER CARE IN TEXAS .......................................................................................................... 30 PAUPER CARE IN BELL COUNTY, TEXAS, 1850S–1969 ........................................................ 49 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................ 56 PRELIMINARY INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE 1898–1912 BELL COUNTY POOR FARM ........................................................................................ 58 REFERENCES CITED ................................................................................................................. 61


we are finding that mammography technique is best available technique for breast cancer detection. Breast abnormalities are defined over wide range of features and it may happen that radiologist might be easily missed or misinterpreted it.The ability to improve diagnostic information from medical images can be enhanced by designing image processing algorithms that is why we proposed new algorithm to detect lesions in mammogram breast cancer images. In this paper we proposed an algorithm which is implemented on MATLAB. In developing the algorithm, we focused on color pixel intensity. This paper gives a survey of image processing algorithm and comparison among all of them. Lastly we compare all the results of different algorithm (results are taken as standard according to previous work by researchers on them) which are explained in this paper with our algorithm result.


The interface between intellectual property rights (IPR) and the rules to protect the correct functioning of the market can be canvassed by looking at when these two sets of provisions converge and collide. This chapter analyses four alternative scenarios, by stressing that policy decisions become crucial to solve the cases of conflict and, in particular, the case where antitrust law forbids practices that intellectual property (IP) laws allow. Moreover, the chapter illustrates that it is in relation to these policy decisions that scholars and practitioners can appreciate how different jurisdictions, as in the United States (US) and European Union (EU), conceptualize the role that property rights and competition are called to play in spurring innovation.


Photography lives between art and sciences. Photography has been developed since 1827 when Joseph Nicephore Niepce who invented the first permanent image in a world entitled 'A View From Windows at Le Gras'. After the achievement of creating permanent image, there are several enhancement of experiments has been done image such as Dagguereotype (1839), Calotype (1841), Wet Collodion (1851) and many more. The widespread of photography to the world started in 1888 when George Eastmen introduced Kodak box camera with dry plate of roll film. Along this achievement it created a job and also a photography movement. There are several an art photography movement in 19th century started with Pictorialism, Russian Constructivism, Dadaism, Surrealism, Straight Photography, California Modernist, Abstract Photography Post WWII and Post Modernist.Objectively this research paper is to explore an art photography movement in Malaysia which of these movements was influenced Malaysian art photographers from 1900 to 2000.


High level of heavy metal contaminants in air is known to cause serious health problems if remained unchecked for a long period of time. Anthropogenic activities such as vehicular emissions and number of industries are responsible for increasing the level of heavy metals. The aim of the present study was to biologically monitor the level of heavy metal contamination by spider webs. These sites were selected based on variable traffic volume and number of industries. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used for the analysis of metal pollution content. The study determined that the level of heavy metals at the selected sampling sites were several folds higher than that at the control site and in previously reported literature. Pb was determined to be the most abundant heavy metal, while Thokar Niaz Baig was reported as the most contaminated site. These elevated levels of metal contaminants are associated with heavy traffic flow, number of industries and constructional activities in the respective areas.


Communication power supply is the supporting system of whole power communication network.The operation quality, configuration mode,daily maintenance and technical supervision will effect the safe operation of power network.Taking the retrofit of the communication power supply of the 500 kV Luoping substation which is under the direct dispatch of CSG as an example,this essay describes the optimum configuration of the communication power supply and its retrofitting process.Meanwhile,the problems to be paid attention in whole retrofit are summed up.


Te main pool is 33.53 m long, and its depth varies between 0.91 and 1.83 m. This very complete installation also includes a shallower pool for youngsters and a special diving pool.
The main feature of this project is the hyperbolic paraboloid thin shell roof, which is supported by four main columns, each 76.2 cm in diameter, and four pairs of secondary columns.
The building has most modem heating, ventilation and illumination systems, in order to obtain a pleasant and comfortable environment. It is also fitted out with brilliant and highly plastic ornament features, which make the pool extremely striking both by day and night.


PURPOSE: A mobile terminal and an image photographing method thereof are provided to photograph a subject in the front so that the subject cannot be inclined/viewed toward one side through a display unit. CONSTITUTION: A camera(121) is arranged in a transparent display to photograph a object which is externally viewed through the transparent display. A controller(180) detects interference image information included in the subject image by the image displayed on the transparent display, and corrects the subject image. A memory(160) stores correction data for correcting the subject image and a correction function for correcting the subject image based on a mathematical algorithm.


A method for producing vinyl acetate, wherein the secondary stream is obtained from the reaction of the pre-dewatering column and side-reaction reactor to further increase the conversion of ethylene, acetic acid, and molecular oxygen and improve manufacturing vinyl acetate.


The problem inherent to any digital image (or digital video) system is the large amount of bandwidth required for transmission or storage. This has driven the research area of image compression to develop more complex algorithms that compress images to lower data rates with better fidelity. One approach that can be used to increase the execution speed of these complex algorithms is to implement the algorithms on a parallel supercomputer. The authors address the parallel implementation of the JPEG still image compression standard on the MasPar MP-1, a massively parallel SIMD computer. They demonstrate that the greatest difficulty lies not with the compression algorithm per se, but with the speed bottleneck that arises in the output of the compressed image. They develop a parallel output algorithm which addresses this problem and present results which show real-time performance on 1024/spl times/1024 images.<<ETX>>


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of treatment of central giant cell lesion to intralesional corticosteroid injections. Study Design: Review of articles indexed in PubMed on the topic between the years 1988 and 2011, and development of a descriptive meta-analysis of the results. Results: Sample of 41 patients primarily treated with intralesional corticosteroid injections was obtained, with a male female ratio of 1:0.95, being 23 aggressive and 18 non-aggressive central giant cell lesions. Triamcinolone acetonide and triamcinolone hexacetonide were the drugs used, and 78.0% cases were considered as good result, 14.6% were considered as moderate response and 7.3% were considered as negative result to treatment. Considering the aggressiveness, 88.9% of non-aggressive lesions presented a good response to treatment, in aggressive central giant cell lesions, 69.6% presented a good response to intralesional corticosteroid injections. Conclusion: In view of the results analyzed, intralesional corticosteroid injections could be considered as first treatment option for central giant cell lesion. Key words:Central giant cell lesion, corticosteroids injections, triamcinolone hexacetonide, triamcinolone acetonide.


The distinction between open class and closed class items is frequently made in contemporary aphasia literature, but it is not always clear that the users of these terms have a full awareness of the linguistic complexity of the concept. This paper thus begins with an extended discussion of some of these complexities, using adverbs, prepositions, and derivational affixes as examples. The paper then describes an experiment which investigated one area of English where the open/closed distinction is unclear, the area of negation. On a sentence-anagram picture-matching task, 25 aphasic subjects (principally non-fluent) responded significantly more accurately when the word cards that they were given to work with contained a negative prefix, such as un-, than when the word set contained the word not. It is suggested that this somewhat unexpected result may be attributable to the close link between derivational prefixes and the open-class words to which they attach.


Make a request for a new general waste bin (brown or green, large or small) or a black recycling bin.


Based on the arguments put forward by Giorgio Agamben in the text "What is the contemporary?" (2008), this paper aims at shedding some light on the notion of contemporaneity in psychoanalysis. If the processes of the unconscious system have no relationship with time (Freud, 1915), there would be something, in the field of psychoanalysis as such, that could be called contemporary?


Abstract Objectives To test whether contagious depressive symptoms mediate the association between spousal depressive symptoms (spousal-DS) and the other spouse's cognitive function, and test the moderated mediation of social activities engagement and sleep quality. Study design A total of 3,230 adults aged ≥60 and one of his/her close relatives were interviewed in 2016 in Xiamen, China. Methods Cognitive function and depressive symptoms were measured by MoCA and GDS-15/CES-D-10, respectively. Social activities engagement and sleep quality were self-reported. Mediation and moderated mediation were tested by PROCESS macro with 5000 bootstrapping re-samples. Result Among all, 1,193 pairs were husband-wife with complete information and were included. The mean ages of older adults and their spouses were 68.35 ± 6.53 and 66.53 ± 7.91 years, respectively. The mean MoCA and GDS-15 scores for older adults were 22.21 ± 5.45 and 1.73 ± 2.17, respectively. The average score of CES-D-10 for spouses was 14.18 ± 4.77. Spousal-DS were associated with cognitive functions of older adults via the contagious depressive symptoms (indirect effect: −0.048, 95% confidence interval (CI): (-0.075, −0.028)). Such mediation can be buffered by attending social activities (interaction: −0.062, 95% CI: (-0.111, −0.013)) and improving sleep quality (interaction: −0.034, 95% CI: (-0.057, −0.012)). Conclusion Cognitive function of older adults was associated with his/her spouse's depressive symptoms, and the association was mediated by contagious depressive symptoms and moderated by social activities as well as sleep quality.


AA2024, corrosion, coatings, pretreatments, conversion films, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), active protection, inhibitors Aluminum and its alloys are widely used as constructional materials in the aerospace sector. Since aircrafts are often exposed to hostile environments and their alloying additions usually make aluminum alloys more susceptible to corrosion, several strategies have been applied to protect these materials against corrosion-caused degradation. The most common measure for prevention of corrosion in aluminum alloys 2024T3 is based on the application of three-layered paint schemes, which include chromium(VI)-based pretreatments. Cr(VI)based conversion films have been widely used to promote the adhesion of subsequent organic layers and confer active protection to the underlying substrate. Despite being the most efficient inhibitors for AA2024-T3, chromates are considered environmentally unsafe and can also affect human health. For this reason, the use of such compounds has been restricted under EU legislation. The need to replace hazardous chromate conversion coatings has prompted intense research toward the development of "greener", equally efficient technologies. Layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based conversion coatings have been found amidst the most promising alternatives. Their low-toxicity, biocompatibility and low-cost preparation make them potential substitutes for Cr(VI)-based pretreatments. Besides, these dual-function anion-exchanger structures can be used both for releasing anionic corrosion inhibitors and entrapping aggressive anionic species, such as chlorides. However, in order for these systems to meet the performance and reliability specifications required by the aerospace industry, some aspects still require further improvement. In addition to cost effectiveness and low environmental reactivity, it is important to ensure that LDH films exhibit a uniform coverage, proper adhesion to the substrate and good anticorrosion performance. The industrial implementation of LDH layers as pretreatments for aluminum alloys entails the optimization of the conditions involved in their preparation, which requires the analysis and comparison of different synthesis routes. The present work aimed at developing Zn/Al LDH-based conversion films on AA2024-T3 substrates, with active protection functionality and enhanced adhesion and coverage characteristics. Two synthesis methodologies were employed, namely the hydrothermal growth and the electrochemical deposition, in order to optimize the involved parameters and compare the quality of the obtained conversion films in terms of their coverage, adhesion to the substrate and anti-corrosion performance through appropriate characterization techniques.


An analysis has been performed t o determine the effect of mass injection on heat transfer to an arbitrary surface of revolution. effective heat of ablation is determined, and the downstream effects of injection are investigated. It is found that the linear relation between heat of ablation and difference between wall and free-stream enthalpy, previously verified at the stagnation point, provides a useful approximation at any point on a surface of revolution. From the investigation of the downstream effects of injection it is found that an appreciable rate of heating may be obtained, even at points considerably downstream from the point at which injection ends. However, the radiation equilibrium temperature is proportional to the fourth root of the heating rate; therefore, except in particular cases, it will be difficult to make use of this effect in the design of thermal protection systems. Effects of radiation from a hot gas layer to the ablating surface are investigated by an approximate procedure. The efficiency of ablation is found to approach a maximum value which depends on the ratio of radiant heating to aerodynamic heating and is independent of the enthalpy difference across the boundary layer.


Traditional 3D visual simulation of flexible fishing net has the problems of complicated computation and no collision detection studied. In this paper, a 3D visual simulation method is researched in order to simulate the dynamic deformation of the flexible fishing net. To solve the computational inefficiency of the traditional mass-spring model, a simplified mass-spring model is presented. At the same time, collision detection algorithm is employed in the simulation. The dynamic model of fishing net is described as the mass point set which are linked by massless springs. According to Newton's classic theory, the kinetics model of the mass points are established. Explicit Euler method is adopted to solve the mathematical model of the fishing net. Realtime 3D visual dynamic simulations for the deformation of various kinds of fishing net are conducted and the results verify the rationality of the method presented in this paper.


Immuno-inflammatory dysfunction has become a well-consolidated contributor to mental illness pathophysiology. A consistent body of evidence supports the involvement of the immune system in symptomatic expression during acute episodes of severe mental illnesses, but also suggests that this system is involved in longitudinal trajectories of disease. Several explanations have been proposed as possible causes of immune-inflammatory abnormalities in severe mental illnesses, including genetic factors, environmental factors, and complex phenomena such as the premature ageing of the immune system (immunosenescence). Considering the heterogeneity in illness trajectories and the remarkable interindividual variation of immune parameters in individuals with mental illness, it is possible that, for each individual, a unique set of factors operates in a complex interaction of causative and moderator agents. A personalized approach to the role of inflammation in neuroprogression is probably the future for prevention and development of disease-modifying interventions.


The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between competitive state anxiety and sports performance of university Taekwondo athlete. As a data analysis method for the examination of descriptive statistical analysis, factor analysis, correlation and multiple regression analysis have been executed, using Win. SPSS Ver. 21 program. The major result are as follow: First, there was no significant difference between competitive state anxiety and demographic feature. Second, there was significant difference between sports performance, the control of condition, mental image and department target setting and resolving a tension factor, and university place of demographic feature. Third, there was significant difference between somatic state anxiety of competitive state anxiety and sports performance among self talking, the control of condition, mental image and department target setting and resolving a tension factor. Forth, there was significant difference between cognitive state anxiety of competitive state anxiety and sports performance among self talking, the control of condition, resolving a tension and mental control factor. Fifth, there was significant difference among sports performance university athletic Taekwondo with respect to cognitive and somatic state anxiety, but no significant difference with respect to self-confidence. Sixth, there was significant casual relationship between competitive state anxiety and sports performance of university athletic Taekwondo.


SUMMARY This paper compares a stub and a decoupling capacitor for power supply noise reduction. A quarter-length stub attached to the power supply line of an LSI chip works as a band-eliminate filter, and suppresses the power supply bounce of the designed frequency. The conditions where the stub is more effective than the same-area decoupling capacitor are clarified. The stub will work more efficiently and on-chip integration will be possible on high frequency operation LSIs.


Aim\ To get law of effects of inner supports on liquid film controlled mass transfer in rotating packed bed (RPB) and further provide theoretical support for industrialization of RPB. Methods\ The working system of the experiment is desorption of O\-2 in water by N\-2, which is a typical process of liquid film controlled mass transfer. The different effects of inner support on liquid film controlled mass transfer are taken through Number of Transfer Unit(NTU). Results\ The influences of rotating speed and liquid flow rate on Number of Transfer Unit (NTU) has been investigated. Furthermore, in rotating packed bed with the inner supports, the effects of shape, thickness, the voidage and the position of the inner supports on Number of Transfer Unit(NTU) have been investigated too. Conclusion\ The results of the experiment have guiding significance on use and exploitation of RPB.


Summary Cowpea is an important food legume crop of arid and semi-arid regions of the tropics. In such climates whether a determinate or indeterminate type of growth habit would be more useful is not clear. In the present study a determinate and indeterminate cultivar of cowpea were grown at two population densities under rainfed conditions for 2 years. Grain yield was higher in the indeterminate variety for both years. At higher density more dry matter was produced but it had no effect on grain yield. Nitrogen analysis showed that it moved from leaves to developing pods. However, a large amount of nitrogen was still left in vegetative parts in contrast to cereals. Pod development was completed in 19 days and the rate of dry-matter accumulation during the peak period of growth was as high as 120 mg/day per fruit. It was difficult for the plant to cope with this high demand for photosynthates. It is suggested that more pods can develop on a plant provided the growth rate of individual pods is slower and extended to a longer period.


Introduction This study was designed to contribute further understanding of the extent to which brain function is dependent upon the tonic inflow of impulses from sensory receptors. Electroencephalographic and arterial blood pressure monitoring of the result of varying degrees of partial sensory deprivation in the waking cat is the subject of this report. Investigations of the functional organization of afferent systems have been concerned principally with the introduction of a variety of stimuli and observation of the clinical or electrophysiologic results of such excitation. Recently, experiments on the effects of sensory deprivation in man have directed attention to the neurophysiologic concomitants of reduction in absolute intensity of the sensory input which has been shown by Lilly12,13to alter markedly the mental and emotional state of intact humans. The electroencephalograms of eight human subjects observed by Heron, Doane, and Scott9while undergoing partial sensory deprivation in an isolation chamber


In a stationary field experiment by the "Cade" method at the locality "Bosevica" on an alluvial soil, pre-crop rice, the direct (3 year application) and prolonged activity (1 year application, 2 year prolonged activity) of the mineral fertilizers was investigated at rice variety monticeli during the 2000/02.


The heat pulse method is used for determining transpiration based on the amount of water flowing within the stem of perennial crops such as cacao. The objectives of this study were to determine hourly transpiration from a sap flow meter and estimate crop coefficients (Kc) at different stages of development in order to determine crop water requirements. It is concluded that the heat pulse method and sap flow reasonably estimate the transpiration of cacao trees and properly detect flow direction. Transpiration in cacao varies from 10 to 40 liters per day, in a 10-year-old tree during the irrigation requirement period. The Kc values estimated with shade trees during their growth and development vary from 0.6 to 0.7 in the months of February to May, when irrigation is required due to the water deficit that occurs according to the crop water balance. PALABRAS CLAVE: Flujo de savia, pulso de calor, evapotranspiración del cultivo, requerimiento de riego.


In the process of modeling non-linear objects are often used piecewise approximation, spline methods or other methods based on their experimental data fragmentation. To effectively use fragmentation, it is necessary to develop and examine all the described stages of the approach. In this paper, a new approach to the selection of the structure of the decomposition of matrix data has been developed and proposed. It is based on the method of the ant colony, specially adapted for solving similar problems. Along with the characteristic properties of ant algorithms, special elements of interaction between agents of different colonies were introduced into this modification, for the efficient operation of the algorithm. The approach is considered as a tool for implementing the initial stage of any methods using data fragmentation. In the process of work, a software tool was designed and implemented in C #. The main data structures used in the software are described. Adjustment of the tuning parameters and the graphic output interface of the work process are implemented in the software tool. The graphical output was implemented by built-in tools. Test cases in detail describe the stages of data fragmentation under different initial parameters.


Conceptual and logistical challenges associated with the design and analysis of ecological restoration experiments are often viewed as being insurmountable, thereby limiting the potential value of restoration experiments as tests of ecological theory. Such research constraints are, however, not unique within the environmental sciences. Numerous natural and anthropogenic disturbances represent unplanned, uncontrollable events that cannot be replicated or studied using traditional experimental approaches and statistical analyses. A broad mix of appropriate research approaches (e.g., long‐term studies, large‐scale comparative studies, space‐for‐time substitution, modeling, and focused experimentation) and analytical tools (e.g., observational, spatial, and temporal statistics) are available and required to advance restoration ecology as a scientific discipline. In this article, research design and analytical options are described and assessed in relation to their applicability to restoration ecology. Significant research benefits may be derived from explicitly defining conceptual models and presuppositions, developing multiple working hypotheses, and developing and archiving high‐quality data and metadata. Flexibility in research approaches and statistical analyses, high‐quality databases, and new sampling approaches that support research at broader spatial and temporal scales are critical for enhancing ecological understanding and supporting further development of restoration ecology as a scientific discipline.


The effect of sectional polymerization process on tunable filters with cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) and blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC) is demonstrated. The bandwidths of the polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal (PSCLC) and polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (PSBPLC) filters can be broadened by the holding treatment without distortion. The reflection bandwidth of the CLC filter can be broadened from 120 nm to 220 nm, and that of the BPLC filter can be broadened from 45 nm to 140 nm. Meanwhile, the intensity of reflection can be retained very well. The central wavelength of polymer-stabilized CLC filter can be thermally tuned from 1614 nm to 1460 nm with a stable wide bandwidth. The tunable C-band CLC filter and BPLC filter show great potential application in multi- and hyper-spectral systems and wide-band color filters.


The invention relates to a nutrient material containing plant extract and having dietotherapy (function) and especially relates to a dietotherapy (function) nutrient material and a preparation method thereof. The dietotherapy (function) nutrient material comprises 30-50 parts of hibiscus esulentus, 15-35 parts of fungi and 35-50 parts of alga. Through a bioengineering technology, various food active ingredients are organically combined by an enzyme as a main link and then are subjected to vacuum drying to form the dietotherapy (function) nutrient material. The dietotherapy (function) nutrient material has high content of effective and beneficial substances and good effects, can be used as a nutrition additive and be added into various foods, can be processed to form foods with special functions by different manufacturing methods (means), improves a sub-health state by daily diet and can prevent or treating or assistantly treating diseases by foods.


In this paper, we study the problem of phase retrieval via an improved iterative hard thresholding (IHT) algorithm, which is called the backtracking-based iterative hard thresholding (BIHT) algorithm. By adding the idea of backtracking, BIHT optimizes the selection of the support in the iterative process of the algorithm. The IHT algorithm should start with a careful initialization, but the BIHT does not need to meet this requirement. In addition, BIHT overcomes the shortcoming of the instability of IHT, and improves the calculation time and accuracy. Under the reasonable assumption, we illustrate the effectiveness of the BIHT algorithm by several different experiments. Introduction Compressed sensing was presented in 2006 by Cand`es and Donoho [1], which belongs to sparse vector recovery problems with linear measurements. In the classical compressed sensing, we are interested in finding the sparsest solution to the system of equations from its linear measurements . Nowadays, nonlinear inverse problems have attracted much attention [2], one kind of which is phase retrieval problem [3]. In the sampling of this problem, the magnitude of its measurement is known, while the symbol of its measurement is unknown. Under this kind of condition, we are interested in solving the nonlinear inverse problem. As is well known, the phase retrieval problem has important application in X-ray crystallography [4], microscopy [5], optical Imaging [6], diffraction and other applications [7]. In addition to the phase retrieval theory, the phase retrieval algorithm [8] has been proposed because of the extensive application in practice. Inspired by the algorithm of linear recovery in compressed sensing, the IHT algorithm is referenced to the phase recovery problem. In 2008, with the help of surrogate objective function to transform the traditional minimization problem, and a sufficient condition for the convergence of IHT to a fixed point is given [9]. In 2010, Blumensath and Davies improved fixed step size into variable step size, making IHT be generalized to Normalised IHT(NIHT) [10]. In the following year, based on the idea of backtracking, BIHT is proposed to solve the problem of compressed sensing [11]. In this paper, the BIHT algorithm is used to deal with phase retrieval problem, which can give quite good solution. Compared with the IHT algorithm, the BIHT has the advantages of fewer iterations and less time in the same reconstruction effect. The outline of this paper is as follows: we introduced phase retrieval problem and BIHT algorithm. Then we designed simulation to demonstrate BIHT is superior to IHT. At last, we addressed the conclusion. Phase Retrieval Problem The following notations are used in this article. is an n dimensional real vector and is an n dimensional real vector running through the whole paper. is the estimated value of in iteration n. will denote the number of non-zero elements in the vector . Preliminary Knowledge In this paper we consider the minimization for the phase retrieval problem as follows:


of genetic and epigenetic interactions. Our analyses found significant population variation at a chromosome 6 location, which differentiated HapMap Asian populations from all non-Asian populations. This type of assessment provides a potentially potent source of genetic comparisons that could help explain phenotype differences between East Asian and non-Asian populations. Additionally, the Yoruban (Nigerian) population exhibits unique signals of variation at chromosomes 4 and 6. Additional analyses of GWAS identifying addiction polymorphisms in the 11 HapMap populations provide support for the allele frequency patterns reported in our analysis.


the Economic Belt on the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains is the second most important development axes in China、key region in Xinjiang Province.So its status is very important when China opens to west.Developing the exportoriented economy should rely on railroad、highway、port and node towns that have the predominant location.At the same time,we should work together with MIDDLE ASIA and UN in trade investment and tour.Moreover,we should set up the export-oriented base along bridge,railroad and border.The correlative towns will shape important function such as the export-oriented industry.The export-oriented economy of the Economic Belt on the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains will experience three developing phases,along with the scale and level of the export-oriented economy being boosting,the scale、status、function of towns will change、boost and upgrade.


Nigerian processed cottonseed meal was substituted for 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % portions of dietary groundnut cake on an equi-protein basis. The diets were fed to 50 Large White and Large White × Landrace crossbed pigs from 13.9 kg average weight to 70 kg liveweight in a bi-replicate single-way classification trial. Average daily gain and average daily feed consumption were 0.51, 0.52, 0.53, 0.55 and 0.56 kg; and 1.67, 1.77, 1.85, 1.84 and 1.82 kg for the respective diets. Feed/gain ratios ranged from 3.25 to 3.49. No significant differences between diets were seen for either of these parameters. Neither the gross tissue nor the jointed carcass proportions were significantly affected by cottonseed meal substitutions. The mean fresh weights of the liver and lungs decreased with increasing levels of dietary cottonseed meal but the differences were not significant. None of the pigs showed symptoms of gossypol intoxication. The data suggest that some of the Nigerian-processed cottonseed meals can be combined in various proportions with groundnut cake to supply protein, or used singly, up to 20 %, in diets for weaner-grower pigs.


Inheriting,imitating,and even coping,are the objective problems of the series novel in Sui and Tang Dynasties.But has inspected the whole series novel,it is easy to see that not all of those novels is repeated and similar;type of the subject matter,plot and content,ideas and concepts were in a constantly process of evolving,enriching and developing:historical,heroes legend developed to the martial arts novel,and the story gradually completed,characters gradually stereotyped,ideas and concepts also got progress.As an entirety,its significance should not be underestimated.


Thermoforming of continuously fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CoFRTP) is currently of great interest for the automotive industry due to low cycle times, material efficiency and recyclability. Depending on material parameters and process conditions, manufacturing defects are possible. Finite Element (FE) forming simulation offers the possibility of a detailed analysis of the de-formation behavior of multi-layered thermoplastic blanks during forming, considering material behavior and process conditions by means of constitutive equations. Usually, thermoforming simulation is assumed to be isothermal, which is a reasonable assumption for semi-crystalline thermoplastics for temperatures above the onset of crystallization. However, it is not investigated so far, if the onset of recrystallization and its influence on formability is in general negligible for thermoforming simulation. In this study, characterization results for crystallization kinetics as well as for temperature-transient shear characterization for a unidirectional semi-crystalline thermoplastic tape (PA6-CF) are presented. A strong dependency on the cooling rate for recrystallization and shear behavior and a distinct increase in shear behavior with the onset of recrystallization is observed. To investigate temperature evolution and crystallization behavior on part level, a virtual forming study under variation of forming velocity is conducted. The results reveal that recrystallization during forming cannot be excluded for an unfavorable choice of process parameters. This reveals the necessity to take into account thermomechanics and crystallization kinetics in thermoforming simulation, especially in a process design phase.Thermoforming of continuously fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CoFRTP) is currently of great interest for the automotive industry due to low cycle times, material efficiency and recyclability. Depending on material parameters and process conditions, manufacturing defects are possible. Finite Element (FE) forming simulation offers the possibility of a detailed analysis of the de-formation behavior of multi-layered thermoplastic blanks during forming, considering material behavior and process conditions by means of constitutive equations. Usually, thermoforming simulation is assumed to be isothermal, which is a reasonable assumption for semi-crystalline thermoplastics for temperatures above the onset of crystallization. However, it is not investigated so far, if the onset of recrystallization and its influence on formability is in general negligible for thermoforming simulation. In this study, characterization results for crystallization kinetics as well as for temperature-transient shear characterization f...


In recent years, the widespread practice of early postpartum discharge has sparked a nationwide debate about the safety and cost effectiveness of shortened maternity stays. Patients, physicians, insurance companies, and legislators have all offered opinions on this subject. New state and federal


Gene expression is a fundamental cellular process that ensures the transfer of information encoded in a gene into the final functional product [...].


Ternary nanobiocomposite films based on sodium alginate (SA) with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) derived from shaddock peel and e-polylysine (e-PL) have been prepared and characterized. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of nanobiocomposite films increased from 51.18 to 67.68 MPa and from 4.8 to 7.6 GPa upon CNC loading from 0.5 to 2.5 wt %. The positive effects of the addition of CNC in SA matrix were also confirmed by reductions in water vapor permeability (WVP). SA-based nanobiocomposites showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus influenced by the e-PL content. The films exhibited homogeneous and cohesive structures, indicating strong interactions between the filler and matrix. In addition, the good dispersion of CNC in the SA matrix could increase the stability of e-PL and promote the diffusion of the antimicrobial agent from the films.

Practical Applications
Chilled duck is an important raw material for making the sauce duck, roast duck, favor duck and it has a very broad consumer market. The chilled duck stability during storage can be enhanced by film-coating as a prominent technique, and therefore an nanobiocomposite film based on sodium alginate (SA) incorporation with e-polylysine (e-PL) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) derived from shaddock peel were prepared in this study. The film-coating has a good antibacterial effect on preservation of chilled duck. This study will find a successful packing method for chilled duck and improve the shelf life.


In this paper, a refined shear deformation plate theory which eliminates the use of a shear correction factor was presented for FG sandwich plates composed of FG face sheets and an isotropic homogeneous core. The theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate. The mechanical properties of the plate are assumed to vary continuously in the thickness direction by a simple power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. Based on the present refined shear deformation plate theory, the governing equations of equilibrium are derived from the principle of virtual displacements. Numerical illustrations concern buckling behavior of FG sandwiches plates with Metal-Ceramic composition. Parametric studies are performed for varying ceramic volume fraction, volume fraction profiles, Boundary condition, and length to thickness ratios. The accuracy of the present solutions is verified by comparing the obtained results with the existing solutions.


The fundamentals of industrial automation are based on communication and data monitoring, on realtime control of industrial processes without human interference, with that providing opportunities improvements in various ways in the equipment of industries. This article seeks to propose an advance to the final process of a Drywall Roll Forming Machine through an automated baling system to improve the production process of a Metallurgical Industry. That way, a system was built with conveyor and lift tables by rollers and chains with support of sensors and electrical and pneumatic actuators for its operation. The proposal was carried out and successful through computational simulations, using engineering software based on discrete variables of components and communication of a Virtual PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and a Supervisory System.


The last five papers in this tissue of the Journal describe a variety of soft tissue lesions which may occasionally present to the dermatologist or dermatopathologist and which have in common the presence of calcification and/or chondro-osseous differentiation in varied forms. All lesions in this category are very uncommon; in fact the cutaneous lesions which more often calcify or ossify tend to be epithelial or melanocytic in nature (such as pilomatrixoi-na or dermal naevus). Superficially located mesenchymal lesions which may show ossification are listed in Table 1. Most of these lesions may also show chondroid differentation (sometimes representing the nidus for bone formation) and this refiects the very close relationship between these two cell types. More deep-seated lesions with bone formation (e.g. osteosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, syno-vial sarcoma) may also present in the skin (albeit much more rarely) due either to their large size or metastasis. It is interesting to note that most of the tumors listed in Table 1 are not intrinsically osteoblastic, underlining the fact that bone formation in skin lesions is usually a metaplastic process.


The present invention provides a kind of pneumatic tire with double triangle rubbers, including carcass, tyre bead, the wear-resisting glue of the first triangle rubber and sidewall, carcass around the tyre bead and the first triangle rubber from the inside on tire axial direction towards tire axial direction on outside anti-package, the wear-resisting glue of first triangle rubber and sidewall is extending radially upward along tire at tyre bead, the second triangle rubber is provided between the wear-resisting glue in the tire body anti-package part one side of the carcass and sidewall, the height L of the second triangle rubber upper extreme point 1 =(0.3~0.8) SDH, the vertical height of the second triangle rubber lower extreme point to tire toe is 0 20mm, and wherein SDH is vertical height of the sidewall the widest part to tire toe.The present invention is used as buffer area by increasing the second triangle rubber and reinforced rubber sheet, reduces the ess-strain difference of different components, so as to reduce separated risk between a variety of materials.


Objective To explore the conditions of culturing neonate rat hippocampus neural stem cells in vitro and their inentification.Methods Hippocampus of neonatal rats(1 day)were taken out and mechanicaly dissociated and proliferated steadily under the effect of epidermat growth factor(EGF),basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and B27.The rat neural stem cell proliferation was marked by 5-bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU).The proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells was identified respectively by immunofluorescence including Nestin,5-bromodeoxyuriding(BrdU),class Ⅲ β-tubulin(Tuj-1),Vimentin and Galc-C.Results The cultured neural stem cells proliferated,and become the sphere.The rat neural stem cells after the culture and passage were proved by povitive Nestin and positive cell by BrdU marking.The differentiated cells in the sphere could express specific antigens of neurons(positive Tuj-1),glial cell(positive Vimentin)and oligodendrocyte(positive Galc-C).Conclusion With the help of growth factors and serum-free technique,the neonate rat hippocampus neural stem cells which have potency of multiple differentiations can successfully by cultured in vitro.


For positive integers m,n, q, g(m,n, q) is the number of words of length n over an alphabet A = {a1 . . . , aq} such that there is no block of m consecutive aq's in the word. A recent result shows that when q is a prime andm ≤ n then g(m,n, q) is a lower estimate of the cardinality of the largest set of integers in {0, . . . , q − 1} which contains no qterm arithmetic progression. We give formulas for and estimates of g(m,n, q) in special cases, and also a linear difference equation satisfied by g(m,n, q) as a function of n.


The theory of topological quantum computation is underpinned by two important classes of models. One is based on non-abelian Chern–Simons theory, which yields the so-called SU(2)k anyon models that often appear in the context of electrically charged quantum fluids. The physics of the other is captured by symmetry broken Yang–Mills theory in the absence of a Chern–Simons term and results in the so-called quantum double models. Extensive resources have been invested into the search for SU(2)k anyon quasi-particles, in particular, the so-called Ising anyons (k = 2) of which Majorana zero modes are believed to be an incarnation. In contrast to the SU(2)k models, quantum doubles have attracted little attention in experiments despite their pivotal role in the theory of error correction. Beyond topological error correcting codes, the appearance of quantum doubles has been limited to contexts primarily within mathematical physics, and as such, they are of seemingly little relevance for the study of experimentally tangible systems. However, recent works suggest that quantum double anyons may be found in spinor Bose–Einstein condensates. In light of this, the core purpose of this article is to provide a self-contained exposition of the quantum double structure, framed in the context of spinor condensates, by constructing explicitly the quantum doubles for various ground state symmetry groups and discuss their experimental realisability. We also derive analytically an equation for the quantum double Clebsch–Gordan coefficients from which the relevant braid matrices can be worked out. Finally, the existence of a particle-vortex duality is exposed and illuminated upon in this context.


The Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus was exposed to Paraquat for 24 h so as to monitor its effects on the fish's haematology, and general behaviours. The haematological parameters estimated include haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean cell volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and white and red blood cell counts. The hepatosomatic index was measured for different concentrations of Paraquat exposed. Results showed that the hepatosomatic index was decreasing with increasing concentration of Paraquat. Haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were observed to be negatively related to concentration of Paraquat. Packed cell volume, white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC) showed positive relationship with concentration while mean cell volume was not significantly changing with change in concentration of Paraquat.

 Key words: Oreochromis niloticus, Paraquat, herbicide, haematology, hepatosomatic, index, biological responses.


Performance based design necessitates the accurate calculation of deformation capacity of structures to satisfy the explicit deformation demands.The procedures to evaluate the sectional curvature ductility and drift capacity of fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) retrofitted circular concrete columns under simulated seismic loading were studied in this paper.The sectional yield curvature was proposed based on numerical analysis results.The computing formula of an ultimate curvature was established from test results.It was found from test results that the plastic hinge length of FRP-confined circular concrete columns is closely related to the amount of FRP.Data regressions were employed to formulate the plastic hinge length from test results of 29 large-scale columns.The reason why larger amount of FRP beyond a certain value can decrease the plastic hinge length was discussed.The relationship between the amount of FRP and axial load ratio to drift capacity of FRP-confined circular concrete columns was investigated from a parameter analysis.Then the upper bound of the amount of confining FRP for an efficient retrofit was suggested.


Visual tracking has witnessed growing methods in object representation, which is crucial to robust tracking. The dominant mechanism in object representation is using image features encoded in a vector as observations to perform tracking, without considering that an image is intrinsically a matrix, or a 2^nd-order tensor. Thus approaches following this mechanism inevitably lose a lot of useful information, and therefore cannot fully exploit the spatial correlations within the 2D image ensembles. In this paper, we address an image as a 2^nd-order tensor in its original form, and find a discriminative linear embedding space approximation to the original nonlinear sub manifold embedded in the tensor space based on the graph embedding framework. We specially design two graphs for characterizing the intrinsic local geometrical structure of the tensor space, so as to retain more discriminant information when reducing the dimension along certain tensor dimensions. However, spatial correlations within a tensor are not limited to the elements along these dimensions. This means that some part of the discriminant information may not be encoded in the embedding space. We introduce a novel technique called semi-supervised improvement to iteratively adjust the embedding space to compensate for the loss of discriminant information, hence improving the performance of our tracker. Experimental results on challenging videos demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed tracker.


In this paper, stability and state feedback stabilization for nonlinear discrete-time singular Markov jump systems with time-varying delay is discussed. Based on Lyapunov theory and the implicit function theorem, a linear matrix inequality (LMI) sufficient condition is developed which guarantees that the nonlinear discrete-time singular Markov jump systems with time-varying delay are regular, causal, have unique solution in a neighborhood of the equilibrium point, and are stochastically stable. Then, in order to facilitate the design of the controller, based on this stability condition, by using a series of matrix inequalities, another LMI stability condition is obtained, and the design method of state feedback controllers is given. Last, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.


Abstract. A lysimeter experiment showed a decrease in maximum concentrations and total losses of the herbicide isoproturon leached from a heavy clay soil where the topsoil had a finer, deeper tilth than with a standard agricultural tilth. Volumes of leachate for the first flow event of the season were also smaller and leaching of bromide was slower. The isoproturon was radiolabelled so that its movement could be assessed using a novel radio‐scanning technique. Bypass flow began close to the surface as a scan at 8 cm depth showed that only 0.5% of the total soil area had an activity more than four times the nominal background level. At depths of 10–20 cm, isoproturon was preferentially retained within areas of very fine aggregates. No radioactivity was detected in the scans below 20 cm depth, suggesting little or no retention of isoproturon during transport through the subsoil to the bottom of the lysimeter. Rhodamine‐B dye injected to the base of the topsoil (approximately 20 cm depth) was also used to assess flow pathways through the subsoil. The dye spread laterally across the interface between topsoil and subsoil and then penetrated the subsoil through cracks and fissures. Even within cracks, transport of dye frequently occurred through only a very small proportion of the total crack area. The macropore flow model MACRO 4.0 was used to simulate results from the lysimeter experiment. The fourfold decrease in maximum concentrations of herbicide from the finer tilth lysimeter could be predicted by varying only a parameter describing aggregate sizes at depths of 6–24 cm, suggesting that transfer of herbicide between macropore and micropore regions was faster in the finer tilth. Differences in concentrations of bromide could be simulated only by adjusting the soil hydraulic parameters for the fine tilth to reflect a slight decrease in the predominance of bypass flow relative to matrix flow.


We thank Ling et al. for their letter [1] regarding our article [2]. While we attempted to provide a comprehensive review of recent stability and compatibility studies pertaining to a wide range of antibiotics admixed in various peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions, we freely acknowledged in the article that there was a 'paucity of stability and compatibility data of antibiotics in PD solutions'. We further emphasized in our concluding remarks that 'knowledge gaps still exist regarding the impact of administration of antibiotics in different compartments of dual-chamber bags and the stability and compatibility data of antifungal agents and narrow-spectrum antibiotics targeting specific species' and that 'future research is required in this area' [2]. We agree with Ling et al. [1] that an updated review that summarizes the chemical stability and physical compatibilities of newer antibiotics in peritoneal dialysis solutions would be useful andwewouldwelcome studies in this area to permit such an update to be performed in the future.


This study reassesses the reforms of the mid-third-century Spartan kings. It examines first the possible landscape impacts of oliganthropy and demotion to 'Inferior' status. Possible attempts, by state or individuals, to combat inequality by cultivating unused land or ignoring the prohibition on manual labour did not solve the problem. Since Sparta and perioikic poleis possessed distinct territories, 'Malea(s)' in Plutarch's account of Agis's land reforms should mean Mt Parnon, not Cape Malea; it was only Sparta's own chōra that Agis IV and Kleomenes III could redesign. Disadvantaging the perioikoi was impossible, given the relative increase in their power within Laconia.


Summary Objective: To describe the prevalence and possible causes of hypochloremia in the local hospital cat population. Material and methods: Retrospective study consisting of two parts. Data were collected from the local electronic medical records database using the search terms "chloride" and "cats" (part A), and "blood gas analysis" and "cats" (part B). The medical records of the hypochloremic cats were then reviewed to determine prior treatment or infusions and to identify major underlying disease processes. Part A included an age and gender matched non-hypochloremic control group, whereas in part B acid-base status was assessed. Results: Hypochloremia was detected in 367 (27%) of 1363 blood samples. The application of a correction formula to adjust for free water changes decreased the number of hypochloremic cats to 253 (19%). Only a minority had received glucocorticoids or loop diuretics and the prevalence of vomiting was 44%. Common associated disorders were gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases, as well as azotemia and diabetes mellitus. Polyuria/ polydipsia, dehydration, prednisolone or furosemide pretreatment, azotemia and diabetes mellitus increased, whereas fluid therapy and the diagnosis of neoplasia decreased the prevalence of hypochloremia. An inverse correlation was found between corrected chloride and standar dized base excess (rs = –0.597, p = 0.001) as well as anion gap (rs = –0.4, p = 0.026). 99% of the hypochloremic cats had derangements of acid-base balance. Conclusion: Hypochloremia is a common electrolyte disorder in the local cat population. The correction formula is ne cessary to adjust for changes in plasma osmolality. Although associated with metabolic alkalosis, most of the hypochloremic cats have a normal or decreased pH. The inverse correlation of chloride and anion gap als well as the high proportion of azotemic or diabetic animals support the concept of compensatory acidosis induced hypochlor emia. Clinical relevance: Hypochloremia should prompt the clinician to performe blood-gas analysis. Diabetes mellitus (especially ketoacidosis) and renal disease should be included in current algorithms for the evaluation of hypochloremic patients.


A software of concrete strength data processing and analysis,developed with VC++,was introduced.The software design methods and key technologies were expounded.The experimental data colleted by ultrasonic rebound method could be processed and analyzed with the software.Thus,the automation of data processing was realized.The experimental results demonstrate that the software can be operated simply and conveniently,and is valuable in application.


THE large number of gastric cases in the earlier convoys from the B.E.F. took everyone by surprise and it was quickly realized that a high proportion were definite peptic ulcers. The frequency of dyspeptic trouble amongst those joining or called up for the Services is now a matter of common knowledge. Nevertheless one must not exaggerate the position. Dyspepsia is not the commonest cause for admission to hospital or for invaliding from the Services, and the Army is, as a whole, at the present time extremely healthy.


Education is a behavior forming activity, while permanent change in the behavior of a person is known as learning It is gained by the senses (listening, reading, watching and doing etc.). The more the senses are used during the process of acquiring knowledge, the easier it will be to comprehend. There are a number of children in classrooms with normal body and appearance but with certain hidden disabilities, which could not disfigure or leave visible signs while they study in the class along with other normal  students. Present  study  attempts  to identify students  with  learning  disabilities  and evaluate their behavior with school teachers and classmates along with their habits. A sample of 14 private schools of Qasimabad, A tlaka of Hyderabad, Pakistan was selected as sample of study. Two tools, one for identification of LD students and second for evaluating their behavior and habits were used. It was found that students with LD remain mostly silent but become easily hyper. Mostly they do not take part in games. Keeping in view the findings suggestions were given for schools, teachers and parents.


The invention relates to an organic fertilizer, more specifically to a biological bacteria fertilizer and a method for producing organic fertilizer by utilizing agricultural solid organic waste, belonging to the field of agricultural processing technology. According to the method, a microorganism fermentation technology is adopted for implementing factory stacking on mushroom residue, excrement of livestock and poultry and other organic wastes, ferment is added to the mushroom residue and the excrement of livestock and poultry so as to rapidly heat up the mushroom residue and the excrement of livestock and poultry to kill pathogenic bacteria, and the mushroom residue and the excrement of livestock and poultry are deodorized and dried while temperature, humidity, pH value and other parameters of the organic waste are regulated; bacterial agent is added several days later, the mushroom residue, the excrement and other auxiliaries are degraded to accomplish rapid thorough decomposition and innocent treatment of the solid waste so that the solid waste becomes top-quality artificial substrate or organic fertilizer, and inorganic nutrients or microelements can be added and mixed to form top-quality organic inorganic complex fertilizer.


component of the BSF contributes to the preparedness and vulnerability of each region. Results: The results of this evaluation demonstrate that the risks faced by both Singapore and Seoul are similar, however, the risk modification of the potential events arising from the identified hazards was more emphasized in Singapore. This is due to the high involvement of governmental groups, the Ministry of Health, and other self-help group. Conclusions: The Utstein Guidelines provide a way for multiple hospitals with different healthcare systems to compare risks and examine the level of preparedness to manage mass-casualty incidents.


In this paper,the transient stability of Three Gorges Power Grid with HVDC links is analyzed by NETOMAC.The fault modes include single pole block of each HVDC links,double pole block of each HVDC links.The generator tripping and load shedding schemes are also studied.The results show that for single pole block in San-Chang or Ge-Shang HVDC link,the system is stable.The results also show that the HVDC modulating in Three Gorges Power Grid is effective.For double pole block in Ge-Shang HVDC link,the system is stable.But by using DC power support,San-Chang HVDC link double pole block requires multiple generators tripping in Three Gorges Power Grid to keep the system stable.


The auther delves the evolution and development of library in this paper, and points out that traditional libraries are facing the great changes. It's a essential way to renovate the ideas of management and service, master the modern information technology, as well as adopt the advantages and abandon the weaknesses of trandition.


An important step in providing personalized information is predicting the level of interest in information for a specific user. This paper describes a technique that predicts this level of interest for information that is described by a set of categories. The technique is tested in a movie recommendation system and compared with the social filtering prediction technique. The results show that the category-based prediction technique outperforms social filtering.


In today's digital world information exchange is been held electronically. So there arises a need for secure transmission of the data. Besides security there are several other factors such as transfer speed, cost, errors transmission etc. that plays a vital role in the transmission process. The need for an efficient technique for compression of Images ever increasing because the raw images need large amounts of disk space seems to be a big disadvantage during transmission & storage. This paper provide a basic introduction about entropy encoding and different coding techniques. It also give comparison between various coding techniques. Index Terms – Huffman coding, DEFLATE, VLC, UTF-8, Golomb coding.


This study investigates the dynamic correlation between stock and exchange rate markets to examine the influences of China stock and exchange rate movements on other Asian emerging countries. We employ the GARCH model, which allows for the conditional correlation structure to be time-varying, to explore the return and volatility transmission mechanism between stock and exchange rate markets among these countries. Our results demonstrate that the China stock market has a greater positive impact on other Asian stock markets. We also find that the exchange rate movements of China have a positive effect upon the exchange rate markets of Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan, but have no significant influence on the other countries. The test of volatility spillover shows that stock market movements do not affect exchange rate markets, which is a result that does not support Phylaktis and Ravazzolo (2005)'s evidence that stock market movements influence the exchange rate dynamics.


New electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostics has been installed to facilitate the successful experiment of electron cyclotron plasma heating (ECRH) in a large open magnetic trap GDT at Budker Institute. The particularities of ECE in the vicinity of the ECRH frequency were studied experimentally for a broad range of discharge scenarios. The measured thermal emission has partly validated the existing physical conceptions about microwave plasma heating in the machine. Besides the expected emission of thermal electrons, a clearly resolved non-thermal ECE was observed which unambiguously confirmed the presence of suprathermal electrons driven by high-power microwave heating.


As a geospatial data scientist, you might want to analyze publicly available data sets from several sources, including kaggle.com, data.gov, and other academic or scientific organizations. Analyzing open and public-use data sets such as these poses many challenges, including disparate data formats (ESRI shapefile, NetCDF, GeoJSON, and so on), disparate geographic references, and the use of street address data instead of actual spatial units. This paper presents a variety of real-world examples of public-use geospatial data to show you how to transform the data into a prespecified geographic reference, import the data into SAS® Viya® via a Python interface, and select suitable subsets that can be convenient for data analysis. These subsets are then analyzed by using SAS/STAT® procedures KRIGE2D, SPP, and GLIMMIX. The paper also demonstrates how to map the estimates from these procedures by using the Base SAS® mapping procedure SGMAP invoked from Python. Examples in the paper show you how to use Python as a common programming environment to perform data management functions by using the SAS Scripting Wrapper for Analytics Transfer (SWAT) interface to SAS Viya and how to perform statistical analysis by submitting procedure calls via the SASPy interface to SAS software.


Large concentrations of borane, BH3, are produced upon the pyrolysis of borane carbonyl. Ionization efficiency measurements using a fast inlet mass‐spectrometric technique, have led to I(BH3) as well as A(B+), A(BH+), A(BH2+), and A(BH3+) from BH3CO. These numbers permit a complete development of the molecular energetics of BH3CO and a confirmation of the symmetric dissociation energy of diborane of 59 kcal/mole. Earlier equilibrium data on the BH3CO decomposition, combined with these electron‐impact data, also confirm D(BH3–BH3) = 59 kcal/mole. Earlier kinetic studies that suggest a very much lower dissociation energy are shown to be equivocal at best.


Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an infectious disease with clinical signs of bloody diarrhea (hemorrhagic enteritis) which is cause of death in infected dogs. A five-month-old female local dog with a weight of 4.3 kg, black and white coat on the ventral side came to the Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University with complaints of weakness, loss of appetite since the day before and vomiting in the morning of the examination. The dog is rescued and never been vaccinated before. Clinical examination showed weakness such as holding pain, pink pale eye mucosae, delayed skin turgor, Capillary Refill Time (CRT) more than two seconds, and increased respiratory rate. Dogs do not respond to handfeeding. On observation the dog experienced clear and foamy vomiting and foul-smelling bloody diarrhea. The native stool faecal examination showed negative results, while the CPV antigen rapid test examination showed positive results. Complete blood count showed that on the first day of hospitalization the dog had leukopenia, granulocytopenia, hyperchromic normocytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. The dog was diagnosed with CPV with a dubious prognosis. Dogs were given fluid therapy using sodium chloride 0.9% infusion and vitamin B complex, anti-emetic ondansetron, antibiotic cefotaxime, and vitamin K. Dogs were also treated with traditional medicine Fu Fang 1 mL and trigona honey 1 mL. Dogs are given a special feed Hills Prescription Diet A/D Urgent Care. The dog's condition improved after offering therapy for seven days and the dog was declared cured and could be sent home on the ninth day.


The problem of this study was the assessment of the value of the Tennessee Self Concept Scale, the DF Opinion Survey, and An Inventory of Factors STDCR for use in identifying personality factors significant to overseas adjustment. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The TSCS and the DFOS lacked validity as predictors of personal adjustment as measured by the MPAS. 2. Freedom from depression tendencies (Factor D) and freedom from fluctuating emotions (Factor C) of the STDCR were significantly related to overseas adjustment. 3. The best combination of factor scores for predicting personal adjustment included D (Depression), CC (Cultural Conformity), and S (Social Introversion-Extraversion). 4. The Candidate Graduate Training Program was not effective in producing change in the psychological factors tested.


This paper provides a set of FORTRAN and BASIC subroutines that calculate the cumulative probability distribution functions for the standard normal, chi-square, F, and Student's t distributions...


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of modified"Shengjiang Powder"in the treatment of pulmonary infection combined with sepsis of toxin-heat excess. Methods Fifty subjects were randomized into two groups: control group in which 25 cases were treated with routine modality and treatment group in which25 cases were treated with routine modality and modified"Shengjiang Powder",with a course of 7 days. The symptom scores,APACHEⅡ score,CRP,TNF-αand IL-6 were evaluated before and after treatment. Results After treatment,the symptom scores were reduced in both groups( P 0. 05),with lower score in the treatment group than in the control group( P 0. 05); the APACHEⅡ scores and the levels of CRP,TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased in both groups( P 0. 05),with more significant decrease in the treatment group than in the control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion Modified"Shengjiang Powder"is effective for pulmonary infection combined with sepsis of toxin-heat excess by reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines to depress inflammation.


Combining the theory of continuous medium mechanics with the theory of rheological measure, this paper studied the dynamic extrusion process of polymer melt under superimposed vibration and established the mathematical formula of primary normal stress difference of polymer melt under vibration force field. Correspondingly, we designed the calculation steps of the primary normal stress difference by using Dynamic Rheometer of Capillary (DRC). Moreover, using the low density polydiene (LDPE) as raw material, We measured the parametric values: the instantaneous capillary die swell, the entry pressure, the volume flux and the phase-difference under different frequencies and amplitudes of vibration, thus the primary normal stress difference can be calculated by the formula.


. In 1882, Kronecker established that a given univariate formal Laurent series over a field can be expressed as a fraction of two univariate polynomials if and only if the coefficients of the series satisfy a linear recurrence relation. We introduce the notion of generalised linear recurrence relations for power series with exponents in an arbitrary ordered abelian group, and generalise Kronecker's original result. In particular, we obtain criteria for determining whether a multivariate formal Laurent series lies in the fraction field of the corresponding poly-nomial ring. Moreover, we study distinguished algebraic substructures of a power series field, which are determined by generalised linear recurrence relations. In particular, we identify generalised linear recurrence relations that determine power series fields satisfying additional properties which are essential for the study of their automorphism groups.


Focusing on economic methods, this study provides a comprehensive review of the current research in fisheries and aquaculture within the context of climate change. We find there has been remarkable progress in evaluating the biophysical impacts of climate change on fish. However, the effect those impacts have on future fish stocks, yields, and dynamics are less understood. Climate change adaptation strategies in fisheries and aquaculture lack quantitative assessment, while current vulnerability indices rely heavily on subjective weighting schemes. Economic studies involving fisheries and aquaculture have seen some recent advancements but can be improved through incorporating methods from other disciplines, notably agricultural economics. Relative to its increasingly large role in global fish supply, the aquaculture sector is found to be under-represented in the economic literature. We suggest that future research in fisheries and aquaculture should further incorporate methods from agricultural economics, focus on the economics of aquaculture, and refine interdisciplinary research methods such as bioeconomic modelling.


Introduction D the service of an aerospace structure, its configuration may vary for different operating conditions. When we restrict the word "configuration" to structural geometry, the structures with multiple configurations that come to mind are, for example, a tilt-rotor aircraft in airplane or helicopter mode and a stowed vs deployed solar array system for a spacecraft. If we generalize the word configuration to encompass boundary conditions and mass distribution, then all aerospace vehicles can be considered to be structures with multiple configurations. In application, design specifications may impose specific natural frequency constraints for different configurations. For a structure with a single configuration, the minimum weight design with frequency constraints can be found readily.' However, the resulting optimum design may not satisfy frequency constraints for the structure in other configurations. This often leads to design iterations among various configurations. After many design iterations, the final design may be feasible but not optimum. The purpose of this paper is to develop an approach for minimum weight design of structures with several configurations under natural frequency constraints. In the optimum design problem, frequency constraints for all configurations are considered simultaneously. In each design cycle, the constrained minimum weight design problem is solved iteratively by a combined analysis/optimization procedure. To increase the computational efficiency, the iterative analysis is approximated by using reduced-order modal space models.' Sequential linear programming (SLP)'' for optimization procedure is considered. In SLP, the optimum design problem is linearized at each design iteration. Together with a strategy to compute move limits, the resulting linear optimization problem is solved as a linear programming problem. The combination of finite element analysis together with optimization method (SLP) constitutes an effective and reliable approach for solving practical optimum design problems.


The paper presents an overview of solar system exploration, basic functions of the Deep Space Network (DSN), deep space microwave links, space research compatibility problems, and DSN's interference susceptibility. To maintain the operational integrity of competing radio systems using the microwave spectrum, the technology must extend to make possible the shared use of the spectral ranges without the ill effects of interferences. Suggestions are given which are only examples of many possible techniques that can eliminate or reduce interferences.


Analyzing the frequency domain of the antenna by using the electromagnetic field simulation software HFSS, we design a new antenna with center frequency of 268MHz and working frequency of 60-419MHz. The relative bandwidth is 134%, which has a wider bandwidth and can be matched better compared to the traditional bowtie ones. By means of adding elliptical arms and truncated arms on both sides, the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded effectively. With the method of slotting and end loading, the gathering effect of the current at the end of the arm is increased and the lowest operating frequency is reduced. In addition, folding the antenna is with the good help of enhancing the gain at the high radiation frequency. At last, a metallic shield carinal cavity is added to the back of the antenna in order to improve its directional gain and anti-interference ability.


The second maxilla is innervated typically by 35 motor neurones in Nectocarcinus antarcticus and about 39 in Cancer novaezelandiae. Muscles are multiply innervated. Within one species variations in the number of motor neurones innervating any muscle do occur but are not common.


The spatial and temporal variations of CO2 concentrations and radiative forcing (RF) due to CO2 were examined at urban center (Yeon-dong) during 2010-2015 and background sites (Gosan) during 2010-2014 on Jeju Island. The RF at the two sites was estimated based on a simplified expression for calculating RF for the study period. Overall, annual mean CO2 concentrations at the Yeon-dong and Gosan sites have gradually increased, and the concentrations were higher at Yeon-dong (401-422 ppm) than at Gosan (398-404 ppm). The maximum CO2 concentrations at the two sites were observed in winter or spring, followed by fall and summer, with higher concentrations at Yeon-dong. The RF at Yeon-dong (annual mean of up to 0.70 W/m in 2015) was higher than that at Gosan (up to 0.46 W/m in 2014), possibly because of higher CO2 concentrations at Yeon-dong resulting from population growth and human activities (e.g., fossil fuel combustion). The highest monthly mean RFs at Yeon-dong (approximately 0.92 W/m) and Gosan (0.52 W/m) were observed in spring 2015 (Yeon-dong) and spring 2013 (Gosan), whereas the lowest RFs (0.17 and 0.31 W/m, respectively) in fall 2011 (Yeon-dong) and summer in 2012 (Gosan).


Intelligence tests continue to be the most widely used measures of cognitive aptitudes. Performance on such measures is usually expressed as an IQ score. Popular opinion to the contrary, relatively little is known about the long term measuring of IQ scores from group verbal and non-verbal intelligence tests, especially the latter. This study shows that, below ten years of age, stability in IQ scores from group verbal tests is considerably below that for the Stanford-Binet. Non-verbal IQ scores were found to have substantially less stability than Verbal IQs.


In clause the question about Not safe operation Saving up energy lamps is considered, the problems arising in connection with absence in the Russian settlements of due system of recycling of such unsafe waste for the person, as Containing mercury lamps are opened.


We study iterative methods for solving linear systems of the type arising from two-cyclic discretizations of non-self-adjoint two-dimensional ellip- tic partial differential equations. A prototype is the convection-diffusion equa- tion. The methods consist of applying one step of cyclic reduction, resulting in a "reduced system" of half the order of the original discrete problem, com- bined with a reordering and a block iterative technique for solving the reduced system. For constant-coefficient problems, we present analytic bounds on the spectral radii of the iteration matrices in terms of cell Reynolds numbers that show the methods to be rapidly convergent. In addition, we describe numerical experiments that supplement the analysis and that indicate that the methods compare favorably with methods for solving the "unreduced" system.


In e-learning environments, trust relationship plays a vital role in establishing collaborative activities among co-learners. Reputation is a fundamental source for measuring co-learners' trust. An efficient and effective way to construct trust relationship among faculties and students in e-learning environment is ranking. User-driven reputation systems are based only on the feedback or ratings provided by the users. Users with higher points obtain high rating compared to less scored users. Thus, by Zipf's law, alleged low users are pushed to the bottom of the ranking list. This condition is avoided by encouraging less likely users and preventing them from moving further down in ranking level. Low ranked users are provided with few more chances to participate actively in the e-learning environment. A splay tree is a binary search tree with self-balancing skill. The splay tree brings the recently accessed item to the top of the tree. A splay tree is used to represent user's ranks, and low ranked users are semi-splayed again in the tree thus preventing them from further drowning in the ranking list for the fixed number of times. In this paper, we presented Rank_Improvement algorithm to enhance average scored users and compared with the ranking algorithm in the existing question-answering websites.


Data from the Spitzer Space Telescope (the First Look Survey - FLS) have recently been made public. We have compared the 24 micron images with very deep WSRT 1.4 GHz observations, centred on the FLS verification strip (FLSv). Approximately 75% of the radio sources have corresponding 24 micron identifications. Such a close correspondence is expected, especially at the fainter radio flux density levels, where star forming galaxies are thought to dominate both the radio and mid-IR source counts. However, a significant fraction of radio sources detected by WSRT (25%) have no mid-IR detection in the FLSv (implying a 24 micron flux density less than 0.1 mJy). We present initial results on the nature of the radio sources without Spitzer identification, using data from various multi-waveband instruments, including the publicly available R-band data from the Kitt Peak 4-m telescope.


The impact of climate change policies on the number, type and location of employment or jobs in Australia is discussed. The current state of research and policy work on such issues, including likely areas of job growth and decline, regional labor market implications, problems with the conceptualization of green-collar jobs and some public policy challenges are highlighted.


Symmetric key algorithm also known as secret key, uses same key for encryption and decryption. In future we will have more powerful, faster and better technology, so there will be requirement of advanced cryptographic algorithm for information security. This paper discusses about some advanced cryptographic algorithm with their advantages and disadvantages. Index Terms – Symmetric key algorithm, AES, GOST, Kuznyechik, Magma, CAST, Serpent, SEED