Subchapter D of the Internal Revenue Code endows certain advance-funded, employer-sponsored retirement arrangements with the advantage of relatively pure income tax deferral. Most of the deferral is at least originally traceable to contributions to employer-sponsored plans, although individuals may also achieve tax deferral through direct contributions to individual retirement accounts. According to the tax expenditure budget prepared by the Joint Committee on Taxation, the estimated cost of the tax-deferral is currently over $100 billion annually. This article accepts that the basic tax regime associated with Subchapter D will remain a part of our tax code and assumes that the regime has an accepted policy rationale: to help as many working Americans as possible create income security for that period of life when they are no longer supporting themselves with wage income. The purpose of this article is to suggest certain changes to the Internal Revenue Code and to ERISA that would, in my view, increase the probability that employer-sponsored retirement plans will enhance the retirement security of such working people sufficiently to justify our national tax-expenditure commitment to such plans.


Stylosanthes guianensis is an important forage legume and cover crop in tropical and sub tropical regions. Dwarf-type cultivars with enhanced chilling resistance would avoid competition for sunlight with young fruit trees when used as intercrop in orchards in subtropical regions. In this study, 7 dwarf mutants of S. guianensis were isolated from seedlings germinated following gamma ray irradiation of seeds of the cultivar, CIAT 184. The M4 and M5 plants were evaluated in 2006 and 2007, respectively. In greenhouse experiments, 2-month-old plants of the


In vivo assessment of the outcome of cancer therapy is hampered by the paucity of imaging probes that target tumors specifically and noninvasively. The importance of such probes increases with the continuous development of chemotherapeutics and the necessity to evaluate their effectiveness in a clinical setting. We have recently reported on a dual‐modality imaging probe specifically targeting the underglycosylated mucin‐1 tumor‐specific antigen (uMUC‐1), which is one of the early hallmarks of tumorigenesis in a wide variety of tumors. This probe consists of crosslinked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (CLIO) for MR imaging, modified with Cy5.5 dye (for near infrared optical fluorescence imaging (NIRF)), and has peptides (EPPT), specifically recognizing uMUC‐1, attached to the nanoparticle's dextran coat. In the present study, we demonstrated that this probe could not only detect orthotopically implanted preclinical models of adenocarcinomas but could also track tumor response to chemotherapy in vivo in real time. Considering the high cost associated with the development and testing of new cancer therapeutics and the need for accurate, noninvasive assessment of their effectiveness, we believe that the developed probe represents a valuable research tool relevant to clinical discovery. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Plant transformation is widely used in functional genetics and bioengineering (BE)-based crop improvement. With the advent and deployment of CRISPR-based genome editing technology and increased public awareness of the safety of BE crops, the applications of plant genetic engineering are bound to increase. Multiple methods have been used for plant transformation, such as DNA particle bombardment, PEG-mediated transfection, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Although these tools were used to transform several crops, the efficiency of genetic modification of tree crops such as Citrus spp. has been very challenging. This is mainly due to the hardy nature of the tissues, slow growth, and recalcitrance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection (Dominguez et al., 2022; Pena et al., 1995). Despite improvements, the widely used A. tumefaciensmediated transformation in citrus has low transformation efficiencies (~0.1%–11%) depending on the cultivar and can take 6– 12 months to recover transgenic plants (Dominguez et al., 2022; Pena et al., 1995). Further multiplication of the citrus plants to generate enough clones often would require additional time (~3–6 months; Dominguez et al., 2022; Pena et al., 1995). Plant cells have high levels of developmental plasticity and can dedifferentiate to new cell types under appropriate environmental and growth conditions (Grafi, 2004). Transgenic "hairy" roots and stable transgenic plants can be induced using Rhizobium rhizogenes (previously Agrobacterium rhizogenes). Like A. tumefaciens, R. rhizogenes introduces its root-inducing transfer DNA (Ri T-DNA), which encodes multiple root locus (rol) genes into plant cells. The expression of rol genes in transformed shoot cells is presumed to promote their dedifferentiation into root cells. The resulting transgenic roots are anatomically and metabolically similar to normal roots (Ron et al., 2014) and have been widely used in plant functional biology, biotechnology, metabolic engineering, molecular pharming, and studies of root– rhizosphere interactions (Cui et al., 2020; Ono and Tian, 2011; Ron et al., 2014). However, the various applications of R. rhizogenes for recalcitrant citrus are limited. We recently showed the utility of R. rhizogenes to induce transgenic hairy roots for expressing transgenes, CRISPR-constructs, and screening antimicrobials effective against fastidious pathogens in citrus and potato (Irigoyen et al., 2020). Here, we show that R. rhizogenes can be used to induce transgenic hairy roots from diverse citrus cultivars such as grapefruit (Rio Red, Citrus 9 paradisi Macf), sweet orange (Valencia, Citrus 9 sinensis), rough lemon (Citrus 9 jambhiri Lush), carrizo (Citrus 9 poncirus), and citron (Citrus medica) at efficiencies of 28%–75% (Figure S1). Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, we use carrizo to demonstrate the recovery of stable transgenic plants using transgenic hairy roots (Figure 1). Inducing transgenic hairy roots and plant regeneration is comprised of two main phases. In Phase I, R. rhizogenes transformed citrus (carrizo) epicotyls in vitro (Figure 1a–e). Briefly, explants were immersed in a suspension of R. rhizogenes (OD600 = 1.0) carrying a binary vector, followed by co-cultivation for 3 days. Explants were subsequently transferred to selection media with appropriate antibiotics. Explants typically produced ~2–10 independent roots, which were further subjected to molecular diagnostics and quality control (QC; Figure 1f–i). Depending on the cultivar, citrus can naturally produce nontransgenic adventitious roots tolerating various antibiotic selections. Hence, a fluorescence reporter (e.g., GFP) based visual screening of the newly emerging roots was helpful in screening and selecting transgenic roots (Figure 1g). In addition, PCRbased diagnostics were performed on independent transgenic roots to confirm the presence of the transgene (e.g., GFP) in the transformed roots and eliminated R. rhizogenes contamination (Figure 1h and Figure S2). As a proof-of-concept for CRISPRediting applications in citrus roots, an endogenous gene (CsNPR3) was edited. Confirmation for CsNPR3-editing was performed by amplicon sequencing (Figure 1i). These QC steps were vital to validating and selecting the desired transgenic roots for subsequent experiments. Furthermore, as an alternative to the in vitro approach, hairy root induction can also be achieved ex vivo using greenhouse-grown citrus shoots as a source for transformation (see Supplementary methods). However, the transgenic roots must be thoroughly surface sterilized before reintroducing them to the next regeneration steps in vitro. Validated carrizo transgenic roots were subsequently advanced to Phase II, that is, regeneration of transgenic plants and clonal propagation (Figure 1j–m). Each independent transgenic root was sectioned into ~0.5–1 cm segments and placed on shoot regeneration media (Figure 1j). Multiple media were tested for optimal carrizo shoot regeneration by modifying growth hormones (e.g. IAA, IBA, BAP, GA3, Zeatin; Table S1 and Figures S3 and S4). RSRM1 and RSRM3 with either IAA/IBA (1 mg/L) or BAP (1 mg/L) regenerated normal-looking shoots from carrizo roots,


Some principles of modern PC program systems designed for manual and automated spectral analysis and simulation of HR ID NMR spectra are described. Applications for phosphorus containing compounds are demonstrated. Stationary and dynamic molecules are considered using nuclei 1H, 13C, 19F, 31P.


This review revisits the literature on fiscal capacity using modern tools from asset pricing. We find that properly accounting for aggregate risk substantially reduces fiscal capacity. In this environment, the gap between the risk-free rate and the expected growth rate is not a sufficient statistic for fiscal capacity. To borrow at the risk-free rate when aggregate growth is risky, governments need to ask taxpayers to insure bondholders against aggregate risk, but governments in advanced economies tend to insure taxpayers against aggregate risk. We use this asset pricing perspective to review alternative mechanisms to boost fiscal capacity that have been explored in the literature. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Financial Economics, Volume 15 is November 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


Observing a metastatic malignant melanoma and its primary lesion at the same time is rare. The histopathological detection of any unusual pigmented lesion is critical.


It is well known that when a sound source is placed near one or more walls, the power output increases due to the mutual coupling between the source and its image sources. This is reflected in an increase in the low frequency radiation resistance as seen by the sources. While direct radiating loudspeakers may benefit from this whenever the sources are within about a quarter wavelength of each other, horns will behave differently depending on if the increase in radiation resistance comes within the pass band of the horn or not. This has implications for the placement of corner horns. In this paper, the Mode Matching Method (MMM) is used together with the modal mutual radiation impedance and the concept of image sources to compute the throat impedance and radiated sound pressure of horns placed near infinite, perpendicular reflecting boundaries. The MMM is compared with another numerical method, the Boundary Element Rayleigh Integral Method (BERIM), and with measurements, and is shown to give good agreement with both. The MMM also has significantly shorter computation time than BERIM, making it attractive for use for the initial iterations of a design, or for optimization procedures.


A novel class of composites for optics, microcavities doped with metal fractal aggregates, is studied. Lasing and broad-band Stokes and anti-Stokes emission from (Ag colloidal aggregates)/(adsorbed molecules)/(micro-cavity) composite at low-intensity cw and pulse laser excitation has been found. At 633 nm cw excitation wavelength the emission spectrum contains many peaks, spanning a range from wavelength 200 nm to 800 nm. Experiments with pulse excitation of Ag/dye/microcavity composite show that the duration of the observed broad-band anti-Stokes emission significantly exceeds the pump pulse duration, dye molecule fluorescence time, and relaxation times in silver particles. It may be interpreted as a luminescence governed by long-living triplet states of dye molecules. These observations were made possible by use of a fractal-microcavity composite, where coupling the localized plasmon modes in fractal aggregates with microcavity resonances is provided. The important role of multiphoton resonant transitions between discrete states of a finite-size metal particle in enhanced local fields is shown. Analysis, based on the model of a spherical potential well, shows that the observed spectra contain fingerprints of the quantum size effect.


The ambitious goals of precision cosmology with wide-field optical surveys such as the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) demand precision CCD astronomy as their foundation. This in turn requires an understanding of previously uncharacterized sources of systematic error in CCD sensors, many of which manifest themselves as static effective variations in pixel area. Such variation renders a critical assumption behind the traditional procedure of flat fielding—that a sensor's pixels comprise a uniform grid—invalid. In this work, we present a method to infer a curl-free model of a sensor's underlying pixel grid from flat-field images, incorporating the superposition of all electrostatic sensor effects—both known and unknown—present in flat-field data. We use these pixel grid models to estimate the overall impact of sensor systematics on photometry, astrometry, and PSF shape measurements in a representative sensor from the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) and a prototype LSST sensor. Applying the method to DECam data recovers known significant sensor effects for which corrections are currently being developed within DES. For an LSST prototype CCD with pixel-response non-uniformity (PRNU) of 0.4%, we find the impact of "improper" flat fielding on these observables is negligible in nominal .7″ seeing conditions. These errors scale linearly with the PRNU, so for future LSST production sensors, which may have larger PRNU, our method provides a way to assess whether pixel-level calibration beyond flat fielding will be required.


Little is known about the extent of social or racial/ethnic differences in parental hesitancy around COVID-19 vaccination for their children. Using cross-sectional data from an ongoing cohort study in Montreal, Canada, we examined willingness to vaccinate children according to level of education, neighbourhood, and visible minority status. Parents of children aged 2-17 completed a vaccine hesitancy module of an online questionnaire and we used logistic regression to estimate associations between vaccine willingness and education, neighbourhood, and visible minority status. Of the 380 parents who completed the module, 61% were very likely, 25% somewhat likely, 9.2% somewhat unlikely, and 4.5% very unlikely to have their child vaccinated against COVID-19. Visible minority status was strongly associated with willingness to vaccinate, while neighbourhood and level of education were not significantly associated. Further research is needed to quantify these differences on a larger scale and to better understand why certain communities have lower vaccination intention in order to develop tailored strategies to promote vaccine acceptance and uptake.


At present, urban rail transit has become one of the important transportation modes for residents of big cities due to its advantages of safety and efficiency, convenience and reliability, environmental protection and low carbon. With the gradual increase of traffic demand, urban rail transit has been developed rapidly. As an important node in the urban rail transit network, rail transit hubs are often susceptible to safety hazards due to high passenger flow, complex building structure and unreasonable emergency disposal plan, which can cause huge casualties and property losses in case of fire and other emergency emergencies. In this paper, the emergency evacuation planning path of urban rail transit hub is studied, combined with traditional genetic algorithm, a multi-level gene coding technology is proposed, and the crossover and mutation operations of traditional genetic algorithm are improved, so that it can complete the evolution of multi-level genes. In order to improve the evacuation efficiency in the subway station, this paper proposes comprehensive management measures and suggestions which consist of perfecting the evacuation management method, perfecting the setting of evacuation facilities and perfecting the evacuation guidance system. Among them, the evacuation management method should clearly address evacuation training and drills and enhance the operability of relevant emergency plans. The evacuation facilities should make the evacuation capabilities of exits and stairs meet the evacuation needs, and the layout of evacuation routes should be intuitive and clear. The use of the evacuation guidance system should be On the basis of the currently used broadcasting system, the role of the real-time information guidance system has been continuously strengthened.


This paper reports the use of single factor method and Box-Behnken experimental design combined with response surface methodology for optimizing the water extraction yield of lotus bee pollen polysaccharides (LBPP).In the optimization,a quadratic regression model predicting LBPP yield as a function of 3 extraction conditions,i.e.,solid-to-liquid ratio,length of extraction and extraction temperature was set up and the effects of these 3 extraction conditions and their pairwise interactions on LBPP yield were evaluated.All of these extraction conditions had significant effect on LBPP yield and their optimum values were determined as follows: solid-to-liquid ratio 1:9.4 (g/mL) and extraction temperature 81.6 ℃ for an extraction duration of 2.4 h repeated twice.Under such conditions,the predicted and experimental values of LBPP yield were 1.2201% and 1.2317%,respectively.


AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionInvestment Regulation in the Havana CharterThe GATT-EraThe WTO-EraTrade in goodsTrade in servicesTrade related intellectual property rights (TRIPs)The working group on trade and investmentAttempts to Multilateralize Outside the WTOConclusionsReferencesAnnexesAnnex 1: Investment Regulation in the Havana CharterAnnex 2: Article III.5 GATTAnnex 3: TRIMsAnnex 4: Mode 3 GATSAnnex 5: TRIPs Provisions


Various black paints suitable for coil coating application with different PVC ratios (27-39 %) were made from phenoxy resin and FeMnCuO pigment. The influence of the paint formulation on its spectral selectivity, surface properties and thermal responses were established. Optimization (a5 > 0.90, eT < 0.15) of the TSSS paint coating was obtained by addition of fumed silica and silane coupling agent at a PVC ratio of about 30 %. Thermal degradation of the paint coating was investigated by measuring the infrared spectra of coatings for the duration of a 60 hour heat treatment. Comparison of the corresponding FT-IR spectra revealed0 that oxidization of the phenoxy resin took place. The paint is stable up to 135 C, while at 220°C outgassing is already beginning.


Most patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) have good seizure control when on antiepileptic drugs. To analyze prospectively the response to low‐dose sodium valproate (VPA) treatment (<1000 mg/day) together with plasma VPA levels in a cohort of patients with IGE.


Chordomas and chondrosarcomas are rare tumours that occur at the skull base. Chordomas have a benign appearing histology but behave malignantly with a high tendency to invade locally, recur, demonstrate tumour progression by accumulating genetic mutations, metastasize, and surgically implant. Aggressive treatment is necessary and radical resection including of the invaded bone followed by adjuvant high-dose radiation therapy offers the best chance for long-term disease-free survival. This requires initiating treatment at the onset, since once the tumour recurs the outcome is poor. Multiple surgical approaches may need to be employed to achieve the sought-after radical resection in a given patient. Utilizing all of the advances in operative techniques including microscopic and endoscopic techniques, intraoperative imaging, and neuronavigation facilitates this goal. Particle-based radiation has a proven record in a large experience as an adjunct to radical surgical resection. Chondrosarcomas are rarer and carry a better prognosis. Complete surgical removal has excellent recurrence-free survival rates. Radiation therapy has also showed high control rates but may not be necessary given their benign course. Immunohistochemical analysis is essential for ensuring the proper diagnosis.


The survival of a patient with a thoracic impalement injury is an extremely rare event, especially if the impalement occurs on the left side of the chest. A 67-year old male attempted suicide by advancing a metal file into his right chest. His vital signs were stable and computed tomography demonstrated that the foreign object had broken into two pieces, missing vital internal structures including greater vessels (aorta or pulmonary artery) and reaching the right lung. The patient was taken immediately to the operating room for emergency surgery. Under cardiopulmonary bypass, the foreign body was removed and perforating wounds of the right atrium and peripheral branch of the pulmonary artery were repaired. His postoperative course was uneventful. Understanding the extent of such an injury is extremely important in order to plan the appropriate surgical approach. The impaling object must not be removed until reaching the hospital. Rapid transport of the patient to a qualified hospital is critical and emergency surgery is mandatory.


ABSTRACT The effect of maturity on the quality of starch for two corn hybrids harvested at three different stages of development was measured by differential scanning calorimetry, rapid viscosity analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and image analysis. The onset of gelatinization and peak temperatures were 2–5°C higher for starch from immature grain than starch from mature grain. The gelatinization temperature range was 5°C larger as the grain matured. Peak and trough viscosities decreased with maturity, while pasting temperature increased. Between the two hybrids, the late maturing hybrid yielded a larger peak viscosity and trough. The early maturing hybrid exhibited a higher pasting temperature. Image analysis data showed that the starch granules from mature grain showed an increase in size compared with the starch granules from grain that were harvested at the late milk line stage for one, but not both hybrids.


Using adaptive tracking control, we investigate a class of the perturbed chaotic systems with unknown parameters based on Lyapunov stability theory, where both the bound of random perturbations of chaotic signal and the feedback strength of the controller are estimated through an adaptive control process respectively, so they are not necessarily known in advance. It is shown that this adaptive approach makes the perturbed chaotic signal track any desired reference signal. In the end, the perturbed Lorenz chaotic system is simulated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


This paper reports a study on the supercooling behaviour and non-isothermal crystallization processes of dilute aqueous suspensions of carbon nanotubes. A differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) was used in the study. The dependence of the extent of the suspension supercooling was measured as a function of nanotube concentration and cooling rate. It was found that the extent of supercooling of water decreased due to the addition of carbon nanotubes and the extent of decrease increased with increasing carbnon nanotube concentration. The decrease in the supercooling was nearly 7 ℃ at a concentration of 1%. An increase in the cooling rate led to a slight increase in the extent of supercooling. Although the use of carbon nanotubes was able to reduce the extent of supercooling, it did not show any influence on the non-isothermal crystallization processes.


4 inches below the soil surface did not affect the number of emergent seedlings. However, the height of these young plants was associated with the imposed soil compaction, and the plant response to the restricted soil volume available for root growth became more pronounced with time. The benefits from tillage to eliminate compacted soil pans are vividly demonstrated by this experiment. The compacted soil layers not only increase the risk of establishing an acceptable stand of seeded grass, but they reduce the vigor of the'surviving plants. LITERATURE CITED


This paper presents an experiment comparing player performance in a gamified localisation task between three loudspeaker configurations: stereo, 7.1 surround-sound and an equidistantly spaced octagonal array. The test was designed as a step towards determining whether spatialised game audio can improve player performance in a video game, thus influencing their overall experience. The game required players to find as many sound sources as possible, by using only sonic cues, in a 3D virtual game environment. Results suggest that the task was significantly easier when listening over a 7.1 surround-sound system, based on feedback from 24 participants. 7.1 was also the most preferred of the three listening conditions. The result was not entirely expected in that the octagonal array did not outperform 7.1. It is thought that, for the given stimuli, this may be a repercussion due to the octagonal array sacrificing an optimal front stereo pair, for more consistent imaging all around the listening space.


High resolution spectral lines study is performed on the emissions of a blue laser diode as a function of applied current. The range of applied current used is between the threshold current of 20 mA and 100 mA with a 0.2 mA increment. With this range of current, the observed emission spectra are between 446 and 448 nm. Typically, 21 longitudinal modes are observed with a mode spacing of 0.05 nm. This mode spacing is found to be in good agreement with the predicted values calculated using the GaN index of refraction and the length of laser cavity. The peak location of each longitudinal mode is measured to shift uniformly with a rate of 0.0045 nm/mA. The intensity and wavelength of each longitudinal mode are observed to be stable over extended period of time. Selected longitudinal modes will be employed to detect traces of pollution gases.


A new publicity campaign is now being launched, following on the only too familiar pattern of the orchestrated 'anti-Major' campaign, or the 'anti-Europe' campaign. It is the antimonarchy campaign. What is usually needed for such a launch has already been assembled: a serious publication, a welladvertised T V programme (in this case no less than the BBC's 'Panorama'), two or more tabloids, the compke: an opposition politician, to do the commentary and hey presto, the fireworks begin. It started somewhat surprisingly with the weekly, The Economist, generally known for its mature seriousness. The periodical astounded its regular readers' with its glossy cover of the issue of 22-28 October 1994 which displayed a very large reproduction of the British imperial crown, with all its magnificent jewels, and to one side the curiously French sounding inscription: 'an idea whose time has passed.' Inside the issue, there were two articles: the leader, and the column named Bagehot, in memory of their famous editor. Both articles dealt in an obviously embarrassed way with the theme of the campaign, so full were the texts of ambiguities and nonsequiturs. (It is to be noted that the campaign speaks only of monarchy in general: absolute or relative, o r personal constitutional despotic or limited etc.) Both, but especially the Bagehot column attempted to make Bagehot say or seem to say just the opposite of his known thoughts on the subject of monarchy. (Lord St John of Fawsley, the scholarly editor of Bagehot's works, for The Economist to boot, and who as it


The invention relates to a composite material, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant insulating composite material sheet and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: mixing phenolic resin, glass fiber powder, mica powder, alundum powder, calcium stearate and an antioxidant into glue solution, adding a curing agent to prepare into resin paste, coating the resin paste on glass fiber cloth, then superimposing the glass fiber cloth dipped with the resin paste, drying, pressing, thickening, curing, and obtaining the high-temperature-resistant insulating composite material sheet. In the high-temperature-resistant insulating composite material sheet, the manufacture is convenient, and in the production process, the mechanization degree is high, the needed labor is less, and the cost is low. Compared with the common SMC (sheet molding compound), in the high-temperature-resistant insulating composite material sheet, the heat resistance and the insulativity are better, the shrinkage rate is lower, the strength and the modulus and the like of following products are more excellent, the rigidity is larger, the creep resistance is better, the service life is longer, the high-temperature-resistant insulating sheet and pipes and the like can be further processed, and the invention can be widely applied in occasions such as electrolytic cell buses and high-voltage power transmission lines.


The method to be described has the following features. The bladder may be filled with, and incubated in, solutions that have been pre-equilibrated with the chosen gas mixture. Once the gas-equilibrated, lumen fluid enters the apparatus, it is never in contact with any substance other than glass, mercury, and the mucosa of the bladder. Changes in the composition of the lumen fluid are solely due to the action of the bladder wall. When the bladder is replaced with Laytex," no changes in composition are detected. The only dead space in the system is a small residual volume in the bladder itself that cannot be perfectly evacuated. Serial measurements of the composition of lumen fluid can be made at will. pC0,s are determined directly with a mercury manometer. Sample size is determined from the weight of mercury displaced by the volume of the sample. When measurements are made at constant temperature, the relative p C 0 , ~ of serial samples can be estimated directly from the raw readings of the manometer and the beam balance by a formula having the following form: (P, Pz) mm Hg/g Hg displaced. No constants of any kind are required. FIGURES 1 and 2 show schematic diagrams of the apparatus. The configuration of the stopcocks in FIGURE 1 is appropriate for drawing a sample of lumen fluid into the reaction chamber for analysis, By performing the appropriate maneuvers with the height of the reservoir and the stopcocks it is also possible to: 1. Transfer gas-equilibrated fluid from the cup to the lumen of the bladder; 2. Transfer aliquots of lumen fluid to the cup for pH measurements; and 3. Equilibrate samples of other fluids, such as 0.1 N H,SO,, in the cup with the same gas as that perfusing the incubation chamber and to analyze them while the bladder is incubating. (During the incubation of lumen fluid in the bladder, the side arm is filled with mercury so that there is no dead space.)


In order to research the process of roof caving and fracturing over a longwall panel which is beneath a goaf mined by room and pillar method,physical analog simulation has been built up in con-dition of geological situation of Tangshangou coal mine.In this physical model,the subsidence velocities of roof and strata fracturing have been obtained.After the subsidence velocities have been differenti-ated,we got the acceleration of subsidence in such kind of geological and mining condition.The data shows that the overburden released energy with a short step periodically.By the way,the larger energy released after a several short step.During this process the strata began to fracture,and especially,the pillar collapsed quickly in a goaf mined by room and pillar method.The caving process started from pillar and roof to the surface quickly.The fracturing speed of strata is quicker than one in a virgin overburden.


Defects in photoresist are often difficult to diagnose, because patterned wafer inspections can only be done after the photoresist is developed. In this paper, defect simulation is used to understand the relation between defects in the photoresist and the resulting photoresist profiles. It is shown that particles and bubbles in the photoresist translate into a wide variety of defective photoresist profiles. Knowledge of the relation between defects and photoresist profiles can assist in yield improvement efforts, since defects may be diagnosed by comparing simulated and observed photoresist profiles.


While hierarchical namespaces such as filesystems and repositories have long been used to organize data, the rapid increase in data production places increasing strain on users who wish to make use of the data. So called "data lakes" embrace the storage of data in its natural form, integrating and organizing in a Pay-as-you-go fashion. While this model defers the upfront cost of integration, the result is that data is unusable for discovery or analysis until it is processed. Thus, data scientists are forced to spend significant time and energy on mundane tasks such as data discovery, cleaning, integration, and management -- when this is neglected, "data lakes" become "data swamps." Prior work suggests that pure computational methods for resolving issues with the data discovery and management components are insufficient. Here, we provide evidence to confirm this hypothesis, showing that methods such as automated file clustering are unable to extract the necessary features from repositories to provide useful information to end-user data scientists, or make effective data management decisions on their behalf. We argue that the combination of frameworks for specifying file similarity and human-in-the-loop interaction is needed to aid automated organization. We propose an initial step here, classifying several dimensions by which items may be considered similar: the data, its origin, and its current characteristics. We initially consider this model in the context of identifying data that can be integrated or managed collectively. We additionally explore how current methods can be used to automate decision making using real-world data repository and file systems, and suggest how an online user study could be developed to further validate this hypothesis.


While the ussr and China are expressing their deep mutual antagonisms in a direct confrontation by military pressures and hostile propaganda, which attract wide attention, they are also engaging in less publicized but intensely competitive struggles to penetrate the Third World. Each is seeking to establish affinitive revolutionary states throughout the developing areas, using methods intended to frustrate its rival's designs as much as possible. The main region in contest is southern Asia. Strategically and because of the vulnerabilities of its states, southern Asia comes next after the Middle East as a major area of engagement for the Soviet Union, and is of primary importance for China. Either power, if able to make substantial diplomatic or revolutionary advances in this part of the world, will be well placed to further its global designs at the expense of its socialist antagonist and of the west. The strategies of the two communist powers differ greatly. Peking's, reflecting the extremism of the Cultural Revolution, is narrowly conceived, militant to a degree that can alienate potential allies, mostly uninterested in the advantages of interaction with 'bourgeois' governments, and rather inflexible. The ussr's method of engagement is fairly comprehensive and relatively pragmatic; it seeks to promote gradual revolutionary change by influencing broad ranges of 'progressive' forces in friendly southern Asian countries through cultural and economic diplomacy, as well as by directly assisting the national communist movements. The Soviet approach is more realistic and is supported by more resources. A change in the Asian balance due to a communist victory over the Saigon government and a contraction of the usa's security role in the region, however, could lead to more substantial gains for China than for the ussr. I The rivalry between the ussr and China in the Third World during the early 1960s seemed to express negotiable differences regarding the


Two independent axion searches have been carried out near a well-shielded radioactive $^{65}\mathrm{Zn}$ source (\ensuremath{\sim}15 kCi). One experiment used four NaI(Tl) scintillators to detect coincident photons generated in the decay a\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}. The second used a shielded 145-${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ low-background intrinsic-Ge detector to detect single photons produced by axion ``Compton'' interactions with detector electrons and by Primakoff conversion off Ge nuclei and off Pb nuclei in the detector shield. We determine general constraints imposed by these experiments on axions that couple to nucleons and to either the electron or two photons. In the case of light axions, the limits obtained in the second experiment are new. For the standard axion, we determine the ranges of ${f}_{\ensuremath{\varphi}}$ and X that are ruled out by our measurements.


Permeability reduction in oil reservoirs during primary oil recovery and using the enhanced oil recovery methods are complicated problem which most of the oil field in worlds has encountered. In this work, a modified model based on four phase black oil model (oil, water, gas, and asphaltene) was developed to account permeability reduction during CO2 flooding in cylindrical coordinates around a well in a reservoir. The developed model was verified using data given in literature. The existing models use only two material balance equations based on asphaltene and oil phases in the porous media sample. Subsequently, this model has been used for examining the effect of well production rate and the initial reservoir permeability on the asphaltene deposition behavior in a typical reservoir during CO2 injection process. The results show that the developed model is more accurate than those obtained from previous models and is in good agreement with the experimental data reported in literature. Also, the results of proposed model indicate that at a fixed permeability, with increase in the production rate, the amount of asphaltene deposits will increase. However, an increase in the reservoir permeability will decrease the deposition rate because of the existence of further channels for flow.


Today video surveillance applications are not only enough for object monitoring and recording but also necessary for object detection and decision making to prevent and alert unauthorized cases. The main objective of the paper is to detect a person who is passing through into a restricted area. In this paper, there are two main stages, the first stages is human detection and classification. The second stage is the detection of the passing across in a restricted area. In this proposed technique, human motion detection and tracking is implemented using Gaussian Mixture Model. Arbitrary restricted region can be drawn as polygon shape on input surveillance video clip. By comparing the foreground motion object region and the restricted region area, the pass cross event of the motion object can be detected. The accuracy and performance of the proposed technique is proved with various experimental results.


The invention discloses a window type air purifier which comprises a shell, an air purifying layer and a draught fan. An air inlet is formed in one side of the shell, a panel is arranged on the other side of the shell, an air outlet is formed in the panel, a louver is arranged on the air outlet and can turn up and down, and a glass fiber filter layer, a catalytic layer and an adsorption layer are sequentially arranged on the portion, between the air inlet and the air outlet, in the shell. After haze air passes the window type air purifier, PM2.5 particles, organic pollutants, nitrous oxides and sulfur oxides are reduced to the ppm level, indoor air is effectively purified, and health of the respiratory systems of indoor staff is protected.


This paper introduces a form of non-linear distortion (NLD) in rotating magnetic storage. This NLD is inherent to the read back process, and is caused by a non-linear field versus amplitude response in the read element. This is different than traditional NLD inherent to the write process, or non-linear "saturation" effects in the read back process. Because of these differences, standard methods of mitigating NLD performance losses do not work on magneto-resistive non-linear distortion (MR-NLD). As of today there is no method of mitigating performance losses due to MR-NLD in any shipping hard drive.


Polymers ranging from elastomers to tough and rigid plastics were prepared by free-radical suspension copolymerization of soybean oil with styrene.FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that soybean oil and styrene had been copolymerized.NMR spectroscopy showed that the maximum amount of soybean oil in the resulting copolymer was 0.81% by mole(equivalent to 6.45% by weight).The maximum copolymer molecular weight was obtained by carrying out the polymerization for 4 h at 85 ℃,using 0.15% PVA as suspending reagent and 10% soybean oil content by weight.The soybean oil content in the copolymer increased with its proportion in the reaction mixture.When the soybean oil content was in the reaction mixture was 10% by weight,the content in the resulting gel was 3.7% by weight.


Abstract:A recombinant virus containing double copies of V—cath gene was constructed by using Han pvid Bac—to—Bac system.ThiS recombinan t virus was named as dciHaNP、 because it was inserted an other copy of V-cath gene controlled by iel promoter.Dot blot an d Northern blot an alysis showed that this recombinan t virus was correct.The toxicity was measured by using Hz—AM l cells infec ted with the recombinan t virus.Th e TCID5n ofdciHaNPlV is 3.16× l0 TCID5o/mL.


During last decades an increasing number of herbal and plant crops products specifically targeting women's disorders has appeared in the worldwide marketplace. Herbs are natural products and, for this reason, they do not have a consistent, standardized composition. So, it is a high need to evaluate the bioactive compounds of these products. The analytical methods applied to determine and highlight the main bioactive compounds from crop plants ( Medicago sativa sprouts and Glycine max.beans) and herbs (Salvia officinalis aerial parts) for women health (relief of premenopausal, menopausal and postmenopausal related symptoms) is the subject to this review. The purpose of this review is to evidence their phytochemical composition which relief the use of the products from this plants as homeophatic therapy. So, these are classified on the basis of the chemical markers used for the quality control or the evidence that isoflavones are present in this two crop plants and the flavonoids in the aromatic herb. Also, a part of this review is the main chemical composition of these plants.


The traditional copyright system set up prior to new media technology is characterized by scarcity,law professionalism and state sovereignty while the new media contains the features of mass media,multiple roles of consumers and non-boundary of information transmission.The difference inevitably leads to some inconsistency between the two and yields serious tension among the copyright holder,new media and consumers.So far,three ways have been attempted to ease the tension: to reform the new media,i.e.,to have its features overshadowed or even lost with technological means;to amend copyright law to make it adaptive to new media environment;and to establish new business models,especially the compulsory license model.Unfortunately,up to now no attempt has showed entirely satisfactory.As such,further study and observation is needed to resolve the contradiction between the copyright law system and the new media.


Micro ground tremors were observed by an array of multiple 3-D geophones of 1 Hz with a short spacing along a traverse in a volcanotectonic zone of northeastern Japan. Instead of line spectral methods by single observation point for earthquake engineering purposes, a continuous spectrum was processed by cross correlation and 2-D filtering in time and then in the frequency domain. In addition to the power spectral profiling, 2-D representation of ground motion vectors assists in understanding a realistic structure. Frequency to depth conversion was made by using the law of a quarter wavelength in assumption of velocity distribution of S- or P-waves. Advanced discussion is proposed on this point considering dispersion of surface waves dominant in the tremors, especially of the longer period. As an example of interpretation of the results, geomagnetic intensity was correlated in detail, and the volcanotectonism was seen as double caldera walls (post Miocene).


In this paper, the design and implementation of a wideband circularly polarized (CP) transmitarray are reported. The receiving/transmitting unit cell is designed by using magneto-electric (ME) dipole with polarization conversion from linearly polarized (LP) to CP. In addition, a full 360-deg geometric phase tuning range can be provided by rotating the transmitting CP element. As a demonstration, a single beam transmitarray is developed by utilizing geometric phase compensation technique. The results verify that the axial ratio performance can be improved within the whole operating frequency band due to the opposite phase response for the dual CP components. Moreover, this methodology can be easily extended to the design of multi-beam CP transmitarray with a cluster of LP feeds.


Abstract To study the differences in imaging characteristics and prediction of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia through chest CT. Chest CT data of 128 cases of COVID-19 and 47 cases of non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia confirmed by several hospitals were retrospectively collected, the imaging performance was evaluated and recorded, different imaging features were statistically analyzed, and a prediction model and independent predicted imaging features were obtained by multivariable analysis. COVID-19 was more likely than non-COVID-19 pneumonia to have a high-grade ground glass opacities (P = .01), extensive lesion distribution (P < .001), mixed lesions of varying sizes (27.7% vs 57.0%, P = .001), subpleural prominence (23.4% vs 86.7%, P < .001), and lower lobe prominence (48.9% vs 82.0%, P < .001). However, peribronchial interstitial thickening was more likely to occur in non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia (36.2% vs 19.5%, P = .022). The statistically significant differences from multivariable analysis were the degree of ground glass opacities (P = .001), lesion distribution (P = .045), lesion size (P = .020), subpleural prominence (P < .001), and lower lobe prominence (P = .041). The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 94.5% and 76.6%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.91. The imaging characteristics of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia are different, and the prediction model can further improve the specificity of chest CT diagnosis.


A novel synthetic approach towards the preparation of 3-substituted-7,8-dimethoxy-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydroquinolino[4,3-c]isoxazole derivatives is reported. Further application of this methodology to the preparation of previously unattainable 3a,4-dihydroazabenzopyrano[4,3-c]isoxazole derivatives is also described.


One of the factors that may have contributed to the emergence of elites during the Copper Age (3000–2000 B.C.) of lowland Portugal was differential access to amphibolite. Amphibolite is a metamorphic rock found in the uplands of western Iberia and was used to make groundstone tools. In order to determine whether lowland communities had unequal access to amphibolite, source areas in western Iberia were analyzed, and groundstone artifacts from four Copper Age sites were studied. At the settlements, amphibolite was found to be the primary raw material used for groundstone tools. However, the proportion of tools made from amphibolite was significantly different among these sites, suggesting that the inhabitants of the sites did not enjoy equal access to amphibolite. Amphibolite tools were rarely found in burials, probably owing to their high value and/or use as heirlooms. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of amphibolites collected in the field demonstrate that the west Iberian source regions, specifically the Morais-Braganca Ophiolite Zone and the Ossa Morena Metavolcanic Zone, are distinctive. The artifacts analyzed were found to be most similar geochemically to the amphibolites collected in the Ossa Morena Zone, particularly from the areas of Arronches and Montemor-o-Novo. These areas were also significant ritual centers during the Neolithic and Copper Ages, suggesting that amphibolite had important symbolic meaning as well as economic value. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Biotic interactions shape community evolution, but we lack mechanistic insights on how metabolic and ecological processes under climate change are altered by biotic interactions. We used a two-trophic model community consisting of the aphid Dysaphis plantaginea feeding on the forb Plantago lanceolata, and a grass competitor Lolium perenne that does not experience herbivory by the aphid. Monocultures and mixtures were exposed to the herbivory treatment and to three relevant simulated environmental changes as prevalent under current climate change (increased temperature, CO2, and increased temperature and CO2) Elevated CO2 reduced the nitrogen content of P. lanceolata, while simultaneous increases of CO2 and temperature modified the plant metabolic component and the magnitude of these responses in different directions. Elevated CO2 enhanced defence systems in P. lanceolata, but these effects were not altered by warming. Interspecific plant competition did, however, neutralize these responses. There were no indirect effects of climate change on aphid population growth despite changes in plant defence, nutritional quality and biomass induced by our environmental change scenarios. We thus demonstrate interactions between abiotic and biotic processes on plant metabolite profiles, but more importantly, that climate change effects on a selection of the metabolic pathways are altered by herbivory and competition. Our experiment under semi-natural conditions thus demonstrates the non-additive and often neutralizing effects of biotic interactions on plant metabolism and species performance under climate-associated environmental change. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.


We developed highly sensitive and stable electro-optic sensors for intrabody communication among mobile computers. We explain the principle of the communication and the advantage of detecting signals on human bodies with such sensors.


This study attempts to analyze and describe the effectiveness of Social Services of Youth and Sports in the handling of street children in the City of Semarang. This research uses qualitative approach with descriptive method. The focus of this study include productivity, adaptation, motivation and the factors that influence the effectiveness of Social Services of Youth and Sports in the managing of street children. The results show that Social Service of Youth and Sports of Semarang City has quite effective in terms of fulfilling the basic needs which is shelter to protect the street children from harmful things, clothing for the street children including uniform, daily wear, also nutrition for the street children in form of food support. Advice that provided is the effectiveness of managing the street children needs to be improved by improving the equalization of services for the street children, improving the ability of the employee, and improving the socialization for the community about the managing of street children.


Objective:To observe the protective effects of cordyceps on the damage of mouse spermatogenesis induced by cyclophosphamide.Methods:The mice were randomly divided into normal control,model and cordyceps treatment groups.Cordyceps treatment group and control group in accordance with 40 mg·kg-1·d-1 by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide in five days,while the cordyceps treatment group was given with cordyceps suspension at 300 mg·kg-1·d-1 and the normal group were given with normal saline.The treatment period for all groups was 28 days.All mice were killed to death 24 h after the last medicine administration.Testis homogenate were prepared to measure the level of SOD,GSH-Px,and MDA respectively.Sperm density,sperm motility,and sperm abnormality rate were observed.Results:In cordyceps treatment group,the level of SOD,GSH-Px and sperm density,sperm motility were increased significantly(P0.05,P0.01),the level of MDA and sperm abnormality rate were decreased significantly(P0.05,P0.01).Conclusion:Cordyceps has a significantly protective effect on spermatogenic damage by cyclophosphamide,the action of cordyceps maybe have relationship with its scavenging free radical and anti-oxidation effects.


Abstract Data from a dense network of ship observations are used to study the structure and properties of westward-moving wave disturbances observed in the eastern Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during Phase III of the GAPP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). Comparisons are made with similar disturbances found in the ITCZ of the western Pacific. Wave fields are determined by fitting low-order polynomials to the ship data with use of the method of least squares. The wave structures in the two regions are found to be similar in many respects, the principal difference being in the divergence field and associated vertical motion. Unlike in the Pacific a multi-layer divergence pattern exists in the eastern Atlantic, leading us to hypothesize the existence of three main cloud populations with outflow levels near 800, 500 and 250 mb. The soundings for the Atlantic exhibit lesser parcel instability then the Pacific soundings in agreement with the reduced vigor of the convective cells and the gre...


Water gushing from deep-buried and long tunnel has great influence upon the tunnel construction and local environment. Referring to the monitored data of gushing water and the rainfall above Yuanliangshan tunnel in Maoba syncline,the factors influencing the capacity of water drainage,the stability of tunnel support, and environment of surface water were analyzed. It was found that the water gushing from the water filled limestone cave contributes the great impact on water environment,which is also the main passage for surface water to influence the stability of the tunnel support.


1 Local anaesthetics such as lidocaine (lignocaine) interact with sodium channels in a manner that is exquisitely sensitive to the voltage‐dependent conformational state of the ion channel. When depolarized in the presence of lidocaine, sodium channels assume a long‐lived quiescent state. Although studies over the last decade have localized the lidocaine receptor to the inner aspect of the aqueous pore, the mechanistic basis of depolarization‐induced 'use‐dependent' lidocaine block remains uncertain. 2 Recent studies have shown that lowering the extracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]o) and mutations in the sodium channel outer P‐loop modulate occupancy of a quiescent 'slow' inactivated state with intermediate kinetics (termed IM) that involves structural rearrangements in the outer pore. 3 Site‐directed mutagenesis and ion‐replacement experiments were performed using voltage‐clamped Xenopus oocytes and cultured (HEK‐293) cells expressing wild‐type and mutant rat skeletal muscle (μ1) sodium channels. 4 Our results show that lowering [Na+]o potentiates use‐dependent lidocaine block. The effect of [Na+]o is maintained despite a III‐IV linker mutation that partially disrupts fast inactivation (F1304Q). In contrast, the effect of lowering [Na+]o on lidocaine block is reduced by a P‐loop mutation (W402A) that limits occupancy of IM. 5 Our findings are consistent with a simple allosteric model where lidocaine binding induces channels to occupy a native slow inactivated state that is inhibited by [Na+]o.


PurposeThis study is focused to support an ongoing development project of the case company's current state and the challenges of the order-to-cash (O2C) process. The O2C process is the most visible process to the customer, and therefore, its punctual and fluent order management is vital. It is observed that the high degree of manual work in the O2C process causes mistakes, delays and rework in the process. The purpose of this article is therefore to analyze the case company's current state of the O2C process as well as to identify the areas of development in this process by deploying the means of Lean Six Sigma tools such as value stream mapping (VSM).Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted as a mix of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on both the quantitative and qualitative data, a workshop on VSM was organized to analyze the current state of the O2C process of a case company, engaged in the energy and environment sector in Finland.Findings The results found that excessive manual work was highly connected to inadequate or incorrect data in pricing and invoicing activities, which resulted in canceled invoices. Canceled invoices are visible to the customer and have a negative impact on the customer experience. This study found that by improving the performance of the O2C process activities and improving communication among the internal and external stakeholders, the whole O2C process can perform more effectively and provide better customer value.Originality/value The O2C process is the most visible process to the customer and therefore its punctual and fluent order management is vital. To ensure that the O2C process is operating as desired, suitable process performance metrics need to be aligned and followed. The results gathered from the case company's data, questionnaire interviews, and the VSM workshop are all highlighted in this study. The main practical and managerial implications were to understand the real-time O2C process performance, which is necessary to ensure strong performance and enhance continuous improvement of the O2C process that leads to operational excellence and commercial competitiveness of the studied case company.


Although most psychiatric treatment guidelines recommend educating and intervening with families, there has been limited empirical study on the effectiveness of this commonly used intervention component, except in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Researchers in Japan conducted a small, randomized, controlled study of family psychoeducation's effect in 57 adults (mean age, 60) with major depression, who had responded …


The isospin chemical potential region is known as the sign-problem-free region of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this paper, we introduce the isospin chemical potential to the three-dimensional three-state Potts model to mimic dense QCD; e.g., the QCD effective model with heavy quarks at finite density. We call it the QCD-like Potts model. The QCD-like Potts model does not have a sign problem, but we expect it to share some properties with QCD. Since we can obtain the non-approximated Potts spin configuration at finite isospin chemical potential, where the simple Metropolis algorithm can work, we perform the persistent homology analysis toward exploring the dense spatial structure of QCD. We show that the averaged birth-death ratio has the same information with the Polyakov loop, but the maximum birth-death ratio has additional information near the phase transition where the birth-death ratio means the ratio of the creation time of a hole and its vanishing time based on the persistent homology.


Introduction: the quality of human resources training for health is a requirement of postgraduate medical education. Objective: to design a didactic modeling of the pathological Anatomy resident's training to perform the perinatal autopsy. Method: an observational and pedagogical study was carried out during the 2016-2018 period. The objective was met and the modeling that was done with the participation of 7 teachers and through a pre-experiment with 6 residents was validated. Results: 100% of the residents showed inadequacies in performing the perinatal autopsy, but these were corrected ostensibly after the application of a system of teaching tasks for this purpose. 100% of teachers showed conformity with the proposed modeling. Conclusions: the didactic modeling of the pathological anatomy resident's preparation to perform the perinatal autopsy contributes to a qualitatively superior didactic-methodological change in the training process of these residents.


It will be observed that Bacchylides puts the proverb into the mouth of Heracles, who could not in the circumstances have said without surrendering what we know a man surrenders last—his» hope of dinner; the Scholiast on the other hand explains the origin of the other form of the proverb (airofwroi 8' dyafloi S e i X a> v em Satras Wiv) by saying that it was said by others of Heracles on this occasion. The parallel between Bacchylides and Plato is remarkable; the one parodies the proverb from dramatic necessity, the other for the sake of a kindly pun : and in both a dinner is the occasion—and the excuse.


In previous work, we demonstrated that dehydroleucodine (DhL), a lactone isolated from Artemisia douglasiana Besser, prevents gastroduodenal damage induced by absolute ethanol (EtOH). The present study examined the effects of DhL – applied alone or before EtOH – on gastroduodenal cells containing 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), to clarify the mechanism of action of the drug. Mice were divided into four groups: (I) control; (II) DhL; (III) EtOH, and (IV) DhL + EtOH. Stomachs and duodena were studied by immunohistochemistry and image analysis. EtOH decreased the immunopositive cell number and the area occupied by these cells. This effect was prevented by DhL. DhL alone did not affect the gastric immunopositive cell number and area. Duodena treated only with DhL exhibited a reduction of immunopositive cell number, but no change in area was observed. We propose that the drug probably inhibits the release of the inflammatory mediator 5-HT from endocrine cells, acting as a 'cell stabilizer' in response to injury.


interdisciplinary effort between special and vocational educators that helps high school students with disabilities learn vocational skills and competencies in the least restrictive environment. An important component of the DVI approach is that special education teachers provide instructional support to both students and vocational instructors. Instructional support is collaborative teaching using the special educator's expertise in how to teach blended with the vocational educator's expertise in what to teach. The role and degree of involvement of the special educator depends on the needs of the students and the vocational instructors. The special educator's role is to: (a) provide direct support to students with disabilities ; and/or (b) provide indirect support to vocational instructors, and/or the program itself.


We study several Laguerre semigroups appearing in the literature and find sharp ranges of type parameters for which these semigroups are contractive on all $L^p$ spaces, $1\le p \le \infty$. We also answer a similar question for Bessel semigroups, which in a sense are closely related to the Laguerre semigroups.


During 1989-94 providers inserted 1021 subdermal levonorgestrel contraceptive implants (Norplant) at the family planning clinic in Ariana Tunisia. The womens ages ranged from younger than 20 to older than 45. Almost 95% had at least 1 child. 18.6% were illiterate. Norplant was inserted within 5 days after an abortion in 58.9% of cases. The most undesirable side effect was irregular bleeding (>7 days and/or more than 2 bleeding episodes per month) (27.6%). Menstruation disorders occurred more often in women who had the implants inserted postabortion than in those who had them inserted during menstruation (34.54% vs. 18.7%). Other secondary effects were limited to arm pain (10.3%) amenorrhea (7.2%) and breast pain (2.5%). There was only 1 pregnancy an ectopic pregnancy. The leading reason for requesting removal of the implants was irregular bleeding (33%). It was higher in the postabortion group than the menstruation group (39.9% vs. 25.2%). These findings indicate that Norplant is an effective contraceptive method and easy to use. Norplant should hold a certain position in national family planning programs. A 10-day treatment regimen with estrogen may be used to reduce irregular bleeding. These findings stress the need of counseling about possible side effects (e.g. irregular bleeding) before insertion of the Norplant implants.


The article analyzes the views of the famous religious trends researcher and publicist A. S. Prugavin on the Old Believers in the European North of Russia (Olonets, Vologda and Arkhangelsk provinces) at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. The researcher studied, including the Old Believers' relationship with the outside world, cooperation with the local government in particular. Research works of A. Prugavin reflect the desire to understand Old Believers, to evaluate them not only in terms of threats, but also in terms of the benefits that this religious group could bring to the state. The publicist emphasized that the Old Believers were excluded by the authorities from the legal field due to the duality of state policy. The townsfolk were also opposed to this group of believers. A. S. Prugavin considered Old Believers to be not just a significant part of the Russian people. Old Believers was a power that concentrated in itself the mechanism for the development of spiritual and intellectual forces for Russian societies.


This chapter explains how mission-driven organizations require that all administrative, managerial, and service provider behavior and decisions contribute to improving the well-being of clients. This principle addresses the threat posed by the conflicting organizational priority of relying on bureaucratic processes and rules to guide policy and practice decisions. The description of mission-driven versus rule-driven organizations includes case examples, empirical evidence supporting the principle, and discussion of the central of role of aligning organizational priorities to focusing on improving client well-being. The chapter explains what it means to be mission driven, the role of leadership in supporting the principle, and why it is important. The chapter also describes the mechanisms that link being mission driven to effective services, including maintaining clear direction for all organizational members in their work, promoting motivation and shared purpose and fostering innovation. A case example illustrates ARC's success to become more mission-driven.


Fresh vegetables harbour diverse bacterial populations on their surfaces which are important for plant health and growth. Information on epiphytic bacteria is limited to only a few types of vegetables and it is unknown how the lettuce epiphytic bacterial community structure may respond when a probiotic product is added to an aquaponic system. In this study, we evaluated lettuce growth and analysed epiphytic bacterial communities of lettuce based on metabarcoding analysis of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene obtained from paired-end Illumina MiSeq reads. The addition of Bacillus probiotics resulted in a significant increase of nitrate and phosphate in the deep-water culture solution, as well as increased vegetative growth of lettuce. Metabarcoding analysis revealed that the most abundant phyla on lettuce leaf surfaces were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. The in-depth bacterial composition analysis indicated that genera Chryseobacterium, Bacillus, Pantoea, Pseudoduganella, Flavobacterium, Paludibacter, and Cloacibacterium were dominant in leaf samples obtained from Bacillus-treated systems. Analysis of lettuce epiphytic bacterial communities of the fresh lettuce leaf surfaces also indicated the presence of food-borne pathogens belonging to the Shigella and Aeromonas genera, which were less abundant in the probiotic treated systems. This study provides the first characterization of the epiphytic bacterial community structure and how it can be modulated by the addition of a probiotic mixture to the nutrient solution of aquaponic systems.


The present invention discloses a method of code division multiple access system implemented handover, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a measurement report and step A.RNC reported by UE buffer intra-frequency cell, cell selection to meet the requirements and reporting ordering; B.RNC step according to whether the quality of the current active set to start its own needs or requirements of different frequency determined handover, if yes, the process proceeds to step C, and otherwise, the process ends; C.RNC step according to the state of the UE and buffers the same frequency measurement report intra-frequency cell configuration information reported by the UE or the active set cell currently camped cell, and inter-frequency handover UE ordering the same frequency reference set; D.RNC step in accordance with step C the number of the reference set of a plurality less to the intersection of neighboring cells cell combination without repeatedly generating inter-frequency set of candidate cells; step E. step D from the generated inter-frequency candidate cell set selected inter-frequency high-priority candidate cell as a target cell, initiating inter-frequency hard handover.


T H E tropical and subtropical areas of the world have never ceased to yield new problems and prospects for those interested in cardiovascular disorders. If you are concerned with blood-pressure levels and hypertension there are communities in whom the blood pressure remains at a constant low level throughout life and in whom hypertension appears to be non-existent. For comparison there are people living in undeveloped rural areas and showing the same pattern of rising blood-pressure levels with age seen in Western countries and the same frequency of hypertension. In many tropical and subtropical areas may be found communities in whom coronary atherosclerosis is seldom severe and coronary heart disease an extreme rarity, while in the same geographic area, other communities exist with as high an incidence of myocardial infarction as is seen in Chicago or Edinburgh. Rheumatic heart disease is one of the commonest cardiovascular problems in most parts of Africa, with advanced chronic valvular lesions presenting in the first decade of life and yet acute rheumatic fever is disproportionately infrequent. These tremendous opportunities for studying cardiovascular disease in a unique situation do receive a certain limited investment in time, money and personnel, but it is the more obscure forms of heart disease which have attracted most attention; endomyocardial fibrosis, idiopathic cardiomegaly, ventricular aneurysms and the peculiarities of the electrocardiogram in African subjects. For this reason I have chosen to discuss some of these odd problems of heart disease in the


To make the elevator operates more smoothly and obtain quicker response speed, the traditional PID algorithm of elevator traction machine speed system needs to be improved. This paper adopts RBF neural network PID control algorithm to control the speed system of PMSM. The simulation results verify that the dynamic performances of PMSM have been improved. In addition, combined with the elevator speed curve, the simulation results verify that the RBF neural network PID control algorithm applied to the elevator with PMSM control system is feasible.


Though Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) has many applications for RF circuits, compressive strain in the hetero-epitaxially deposited silicon film reduces the electron mobility and diminishes its high-frequency performance. To eliminate this strain, we bonded silicon films to sapphire. There has been limited work done on Bonded SOS (BSOS) up until this time [1 – 4]. The current work has provided a mass-produced SOI technology that has device performance exceeding that of incumbent RF technologies. The BSOS films show 56% higher electron mobility than SOS and RF switch performance better than GaAs PHEMT's.


The miniaturization of hardware components has lead to the development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and networked-applications over them. Meanwhile, middleware systems have also been proposed in order to both facilitating the development of these applications and providing common application services. The development of middleware for sensor networks, however, places new challenges to middleware developers due to the low availability of resources and processing capacity of the sensor nodes. In this context, this paper presents a middleware for WSN named Mires. Mires incorporates characteristics of message-oriented middleware by allowing applications communicate in a publish/subscribe way. In order to illustrate the proposed middleware, we implement an aggregation middleware service for an environment-monitoring application.


Switzerland has often topped the Global Innovation Index and prides
itself for an environment that allows innovative minds to flourish − at
least when it comes to technological and scientific innovation. Social
Innovation has taken a backseat, with stakeholders only recently
discovering potentials.


expressed through the mediumship of a single person. Second, the relationship between Halcyon and the nearby Dunite community is covered on only a few scant pages; the contrast between the colorful, rampant eclecticism of the Dunites and the more unified front of its neighbor Halcyon is left to be drawn out. Finally, Ivey shifts from the thriving years of the early twentieth century directly to the present in his concluding chapter, leaving the intermediate eighty years without the rich level of detail of the community's founding. Perhaps this treatment leaves room for a second volume on the history of Halcyon. Regardless, Ivey offers a valuable contribution to the literature that will please scholars of utopia and California history alike.


found mainly in young adults, the pathology of which has been somewhat obscure until within the last year ?r two, and which is characterized by a mild degree ?f kyphosis which may be progressive, together with a varying amount of pain in the back. The condition is clinically important in that, by early recognition of certain changes that take place in the structure of the spine, deformity and chronic pain can be prevented. I must exclude from the discussion the various senile


A merican social science is, tentatively and perhaps belatedly, discovering ethics, particularly in issues surrounding the uses of social science research for policy making. Although the concern may seem novel to many social scientists, in fact the discipline is rediscovering its roots. In Britain the links between ethics and social science were never so completely severed, but were forged in a quite distinctive way, through the creation of the field of Social Administration. The development of Social Administration, with its particular strengths and weaknesses, offers a useful basis for comparing the American and British experience. Less than a century ago the social sciences in Britain and the United States were directly and explicitly concerned with ethics. American sociologists such as Albion Small and E.A. Ross combined in their teaching scientific analysis and direct ethical prescription.' From 1906 sociology at Harvard University was taught in the Department of Social Ethics. In Britain leading figures such as the social philosopher L.T. Hobhouse and the early social investigator Seebohm Rowntree combined scientific concerns with specific ethical and political interests. A recent history of British social science between 1870 and 1914 is titled Ethics and


In this paper we study a general equilibrium model for economies with activities analysis production technologies and we prove a global index theorem for regular economies. Keywords: Regular economy, economic equilibrium, regular equilibrium.


In the neonate, the gasless abdomen seen on abdominal radiographs is a common entity caused by many serious gastrointestinal tract abnormalities and is well described in the literature.1 In contrast, the gasless abdomen in the adult has received little attention in the literature.2–4 In many cases when the diagnostic radiologist is faced with interpreting an adult patient's plain abdominal radiographs that demonstrate no gas in the small intestine (the gasless abdomen), he or she will describe the finding and conclude "nonspecific" abdominal gas. This interpretation does not provide the patient's physician with any useful information or guidance about how to treat the patient or what next imaging examination, if any, should be performed.


The process of making spaces into home places has become a topic of interest as the intensity and speed of global relations and the mobility of people increase. This article examines an Irish nationalist woman's struggles to make a "homeplace" in a Northern Ireland border town, a space marked by long‐term political conflict. It shows that the practices entailed in producing the material and phenomenological aspects of home take place in a transnational field and that transnational relations are enabling for this woman and her female working class neighbors. The article demonstrates the articulation of the personal to the political and links that relationship to struggles with the state and in the global political economy. It notes the power differentials in globalizing processes. The article concludes that these working class women extend their personal concerns to public spaces by connecting local cultural practices to transnational forces.


Complete pump characteristics (CPCs) are the key for establishing pump boundary conditions and simulating hydraulic transients. However, they are not normally available from manufacturers, making pump station design difficult to carry out. To solve this issue, a novel method considering the inherent operating characteristics of the centrifugal pump is therefore proposed to predict the CPCs. First, depending on the Euler equations and the velocity triangles at the pump impeller, a mathematical model describing the complete characteristics of a centrifugal pump is deduced. Then, based on multiple measured CPCs, the nonlinear functional relationship between the characteristic parameters of the characteristic operating points (COPs) and the specific speed is established. Finally, by combining the mathematical model with the nonlinear relationship, the CPCs for a given specific speed are successfully predicted. A case study shows that the predicted CPCs are basically consistent with the measured data, showing a high prediction accuracy. For a pump-failure water hammer, the simulated results using the predicted CPCs are close to that using the measured data with a small deviation. This method is easy to program and the prediction accuracy meets the requirements for hydraulic transient simulations, providing important data support for engineering design.


this paper resumes an experience of evaluation, in a karst inland area of Sicily, of the danger contamination of groundwater characterizing the investigated territories, trying to connect them with the potential and real occurring menaces of pollution. a protection tool is conveniently represented by territory mapping performed in giS environment, collecting also records of contamination sources spread in the territory and through the application of special standards for the estimation of the various risk elements. the final proposal is to furnish a useful opportunity to local administrations (municipalities, provinces, regional governments) for a reliable policy and management of their territories: in fact, they can precautionarily select suitable zones to locate or also shift particular infrastructures or settlements (sewerage networks, landfills, industrial poles...), with reference to dangerous events potentially occurring close to water supply sources. in this paper, a Sicily test-site will be depicted, located in the mountainous Sicani belt, where karst aquifers show till now a relative good groundwater quality, together with a likely danger of an increasing contamination risk. in the selected zone, a mapping of territorial danger has been performed in giS environment.


Integrated optical waveguide devices based on polymers have been increasingly important in optical signal processing and optical communication. In this paper, various polymer waveguide devices fabricated by electric poling such as polarizers, polarization converters, polarization splitters, and switches are presented. First, poling-induced waveguide polarizers and polarization converters are discussed. When an electro-optic (EO) polymer is poled by applying electric fields, the chromophores are aligned along the fields so that the polymer becomes positive uniaxial medium. Hence, the poling process can be utilized to form the channel waveguides supporting either TE or TM modes, depending on the poling direction. Based on this, two types of waveguide polarizers' are fabricated and shown in Fig. 1. The 4 electrodes in the input section are used for the TE polarizer, and the 2 electrodes in the output section are used for the TM polarizer. To realize a wavelength-insensitive polarization converter: the optic axis of the poling-induced waveguide is twisted by specially designing the poling electrodes. Its schematic diagram is also shown in the middle of Fig. 1. The 4 electrodes of the TE-pass polarizer are gradually modified to be connected to the 2 electrodes of the TM-pass polarizer. When the device is poled by the given electrodes, the optic axis of the poled polymer is slowly rotated by 90 degrees. Then, as the light


We coherently receive a 160-Gb/s QPSK waveform across 80-GHz bandwidth in two 40-GHz-wide spectral slices using a silica planar lightwave circuit capable of 640-GHz measurements which includes two arrayed-waveguide gratings and 16 optical hybrids.


Vibration characteristics of a dithering NSOM probe being controlled mechanically with two nodal wedges, whose tip end was partially submerged in water, was studied. The optimum controlling condition was found for measuring samples in water.


A theoretical investigation is made of the mechanisms responsible for the experimentally observed nonmonotonic dependence of the intensity of a harmonic generated in a liquid crystal on the thickness of a nonlinear sample. These mechanisms included scattering by fluctuations of the orientation and a change in the order in a liquid crystal in regions far from the walls of a cell.


This research aims to find out about the welfare of farm workers at the sub-district of the Lamongan districts, Sugio, using Asy-Syatibi's indicator of wellness which consists of five indicators: religion, soul, mind, offspring and wealth. All of those indicators must fulfiled the dharuriyyat level, after that those indicators must be maintained in the hajiyyat level and then perfected in the tahsiniyat level. The method used in this research are qualitative approach with case-study explanatory. Primary data are collected by interviewing and observation directly at the informant which is the leader of "Mulyo Tani" Farmer's Associations and its respective members. The secondary data are collected from journal, books, BPS, village data, internet access and other relevant literatures. This research founds that, the farm workers at Sugio, Lamongan has fulfiled the religion, soul, mind, offspring and wealth indicators at dharuriyat level. The farming cooperation, which is conducted by the cultivator and the owner of the field, are using the muzara'ah contract with the welfare approach held by "Mulyo Tani" Farmer's Associations in Sugio, Lamongan, which in turn increased the overall welfare of the farm workers. Those cooperations can also bring positive impacts in the daily life of the farm workers and increasing the economic activities. Therefore, it can be said that the farm workers at Sugio, Lamongan are prosperous based on Asy-Syatibi's perspective.


The digital predistortion (DPD) technique is widely used for compensation of the nonlinearity of RF power amplifiers (PAs). Nonlinearity and memory effect are two main considerations in predistortion designs. In some applications, there are advantages in using predistorters to linearize PAs before compensating for the memory effect. In this short paper, we present a polynomial predistortion method based on pth-order inverse method to compensate the memoryless nonlinearity of PAs. The coefficients of the polynomial predistorters up to the arbitrarily high orders can be identified directly from coefficients of the simple polynomial PA model up to arbitrarily high orders, which makes the compensation process much simpler than using complex algorithms computations. Furthermore, the proposed method can be adapted to the predistortion of PAs with memory effect, and can be implemented to field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).


In this paper we introduce long-term frequency stability improvement of Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator (OCXO) using Chip Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC). Compared to OCXO, the main disadvantage of the CSAC is their higher phase noise; however the CSAC features with better long-term frequency stability, much lower power consumption and much faster warm-up.


For attaching a scaffold stand (101) to the deck (130) of a bridge, which scaffold stand is arranged to be supported from at least two support points above the deck of the bridge, of which support points above the deck at least one support point (120) is arranged to receive compressive force and at least one support point is arranged to receive pulling force. The attachment member is characterized in that it (102) is fitted to be detachably attached to the deck (130) of the bridge with at least two attachment means (103), and comprises at least one attachment means (104) for attaching the attachment member (102) to the support point of the scaffold stand receiving pulling force. An arrangement and a method utilizing the attachment member are also presented.


The utility model discloses a compound type intelligent terminal junction device which is used for measuring and checking a secondary circuit electric energy meter of a power system. The device is mounted in a transformer substation measurement panel cabinet, and is formed by a compound type intelligent terminal junction box, an integrated intelligent junction plug and a safety type meter-changing plug; the compound type intelligent terminal junction box is mounted in the transformer substation measurement panel cabinet; a top terminal is connected with a charging gate electric energy meter and a bottom terminal is connected with a transformer substation secondary measuring circuit; a middle compound socket is connected with the integrated intelligent junction plug and the safety type meter-changing plug; the integrated intelligent junction plug is used for field checking of a watt hour meter; the safety type meter-changing plug is used for replacing the watt hour meter; the compound type intelligent terminal junction box utilizes a current secondary circuit to measure and check the compound socket using a rapid connector structure; and the compound socket in the middle of the compound type intelligent terminal junction box is formed by 10 shunting sockets. The compound type intelligent terminal junction device disclosed by the utility model has the advantages of safety in operation, high working efficiency, working time saving and the like.


Summary The effects of the synthetic estrogens diethylstilbesterol, hexosterol, dienesterol, and phloretin were compared with their capacity to inhibit the endogenous respiration of intact Ehrlich ascites, Adenocarcinoma 755 ascites, and Ehrlich-Lettre ascites cells. The Ehrlich ascites was found to be far more susceptible to respiratory inhibition than either the Adenocarcinoma 755 or the Ehrlich-Lettre ascites. Diethylstilbesterol and hexosterol were found far more effective inhibitors of endogenous respiration than dienesterol or phloretin. Substrate-induced respiration of lysed ascites cells was inhibited by the hormonal agents listed to approximately the same degree as that observed in whole cells. The addition of the synthetic estrogens dissolved in ethanol markedly increased the capacity of these agents to inhibit the respiration of intact tumor cells. The relative activity of these compounds and the relative susceptibility of the tumor types to these synthetic estrogens were unaltered by the presence of high levels of ethanol.


Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine is recommended for intermittent preventative treatment of malaria during pregnancy. Data from 98 women during pregnancy and 77 after delivery in four African countries were analyzed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling to characterize the effects of pregnancy, postpartum duration, and other covariates such as body weight and hematocrit on sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine pharmacokinetic properties. During pregnancy, clearance increased 3‐fold for sulfadoxine but decreased by 18% for pyrimethamine. Postpartum sulfadoxine clearance decreased gradually over 13 weeks. This finding, together with hematocrit‐based scaling of plasma to whole‐blood concentrations and allometric scaling of pharmacokinetics parameters with body weight, enabled site‐specific differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles to be reduced significantly but not eliminated. Further research is necessary to explain residual site‐specific differences and elucidate whether dose‐optimization, to address the 3‐fold increase in clearance of sulfadoxine in pregnant women, is necessary, viable, and safe with the current fixed dose combination of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.


Summary The chelatable body iron test shows that one‐third of patients with rheumatoid disease have a high body iron in the face of low serum iron values. This may reflect an altered reactivity of the reticulum cell related to the activity of the disease process, resulting in increased iron in the reticulum cells of the marrow, liver and spleen and possibly in the synovium of the diseased joints. The test may be clinically useful to predict the response of the rheumatoid patient to iron, and in particular to detect those with genuine iron deficiency anaemia. High chelatable body iron values are also found in advanced cases of reticulosis and carcinoma at the same time as a lowering of the serum iron and an increase of the serum mucoprotein.


We have searched for charmed particles produced hadronically in coincidence with the $J$ particle by looking for muons from the leptonic or semileptonic decays of the charmed particles. In a sample of 2500 $J'\mathrm{s}$, we see no muons above the level expected from $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $K$ decays.


Compared with the annual record high, 17 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) approved in 2017, this year total 16 therapeutic mAb were approved by FDA, interestingly 4 of them targeted at VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), two indicated for solid tumor, two for Neovascular (Wet) Age-Related Macular Degeneration [1]. Monoclonal antibody technique was created by Georges Köhler, César Milstein, and Niels Kaj Jerne in 1975 by using a mouse x mouse hybridoma. In 1984 they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery. Eight years later, in 1992 US FDA approved the first therapeutic mAb muromonab


The cloning of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products provides one with a stable form of the amplified segment and facilitates further manipulation and study of the target molecule. A number of cloning protocols have been developed either based on a restriction endonuclease recognition site built into the primers or by using the template-independent terminal transferase activity ("extendase" activity) of Taq DNA polymerase to add "A" residues at the end of each molecule (basis for T/A cloning) (4,5). It has been shown recently (3) that the extended nucleotide is dependent on the specific nucleotide present at the 3′ end of the molecule. Moreover, different polymerases have different extendase characteristics with regard to which base is added at the 3′ end, and this might significantly complicate the cloning of the corresponding fragments. Blunt-end cloning is an attractive alternative, but it is also hampered by the extendase activity intrinsic to most of the polymerases used for PCR amplifications. The cloning efficiency of Taq-generated PCR products can be greatly improved by "polishing" the ends with polymerases derived from bacteriophage T4 or from Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu), but this implies that extra manipulations be performed (1,2). In this study we wanted to test the efficiency of the blunting polymerase Pwo (Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany) for direct blunt-end cloning of PCR amplification products. Pwo DNA polymerase was originally isolated from the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Pyrococcus woesei and possesses 3′–5′ exonuclease activity, also known as proofreading activity. In our laboratory we are currently analyzing flower-specific cDNA clones that were obtained after subtractive hybridization. Tertiary screen-positive plaques were eluted in 500 μL of phage dilution buffer (6), and 1 μL of this bacteriophage suspension was used to amplify the cDNA insert with the flanking SP6 and T7 primers in a standard 25-μL PCR containing 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.85, 25 mM KCl, 5 mM (NH4)2SO4, 2 mM MgSO4, 0.2 mM each dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP, 150 ng of each SP6 and T7 primer, and 2.5 units of Pwo DNA polymerase (Boehringer Mannheim). The reaction proceeded for 30 cycles in a Techne PHC-3 thermal cycler (Princeton, NJ, USA) programmed for 30 s at 94°C, 30 s at 55°C and 30 s at 72°C per cycle, followed by an extension step of 10 min at 72°C. After amplification, the PCR products were purified using the QIAquick PCR purification kit (QIAGEN, Chatsworth, CA, USA). Different amounts (ranging from 5 to 50 times in excess over vector concentration) of PCR product were then ligated into 50 ng of SmaI-digested pGem®-3Zf(-) Vector (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), and the complete ligation mixture was used to transform the E. coli XL1-blue strain, which was subsequently plated on LB agar plates containing isopropyl-1-thio-β-D-galactoside (IPTG) and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3indolyl-β-D-galactoside (X-gal) using standard procedures (6). Four different cDNA inserts ranging in size from 500 bp up to 1400 bp were successfully cloned using the above-mentioned protocol. Depending on the experiment, the obtention of recombinant clones for each insert varied between 10% and 15%, resulting in a sufficient number of colonies containing the correct amplification product. Ligations of the same inserts amplified using Taq DNA polymerase (Boehringer Mannheim) or Goldstar (EurogentecSA, Seraing, Belgium) DNA polymerase did not result in the obtention of recombinant clones. Polishing the Taq DNA polymerase or Goldstar amplification products with Klenow DNA polymerase prior to


The parasitic accumulation capacitance attenuation in MOS structures with hyper-thin oxides has been modelled using a distributed RC network. The simple analytic model is in excellent agreement with a two-dimensional numerical simulation and experimental data.


The bi-directional cross track scanning, attitude fluctuation and the ETM+ sensor itself of Landsat7 result in the geometrical distortions including underscan, overscan and misalignment, which make geometric calibration more difficult than other kinds of model. The complicated imaging model increase the difficulty of geometric calibration as well. After the geometric model of imaging is studied, and the factors influencing imaging are analyzed, the systematically geometric calibration algorithms are derived, including generation and projection of line of sight, combination of attitude, generation of correction grid, finding corresponding input grid cell for a given output space, resampling, and so on. The model of line of sight are built in detail. Especially, the gap interpolation and detector delay are considered, and simplified methods are introduced to settle them. Finally, three parameters are introduced to evaluate the result of geometric calibration, including location precision, distortion and correlation between two lines. Experimental results show that the algorithms lead to good location precision, small distortion and good correlation between lines which all reach the requirement of the systematically geometric calibration, so validate the algorithms.


Abstract Methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, stereospecifically protected by polystyrylboronic acid, was then substituted regioselectively by the suitable pyrimidines to yield the novel titled compounds. Various reagents which are able to introduce the pyrimidines onto the polymer-bonded glucoside together with eminent solvent effects on reaction were also studied.


The monograph of A. A. Chibilyov and A. A. Tishkov is a great gift for the 100th anniversary of the natural reserve system of Russia. The authors provide a chronology of the main events in the history of nature conservation in Russia (1895—2017). Particular attention is paid to the role of academic science. Compactness, informativeness and availability of presentation of materials about the history of our conservation business are fully worthy of this work being presented in the schools and higher educational institutions of the country.