Summary Location- and context-based services form a new class of services, which supplement existing services in the mobile communication infrastructure. The paper describes shortly an architecture of systems supporting the new class of services; this architecture extends beyond those systems which have initially been introduced by support of centralized data bases (such as web servers) and by federation components providing search and mapping functions which are necessary for the full exploitation of the capabilities of such services. The concept is based on the existence of heterogeneous mobile and radio access networks. The question arises, among others, to what extent such services add to the network load and its performance, in particular the question of scalability. In this paper, an approach is outlined as a basis for future capacity planning and for the support of strategic decision making with respect to infrastructure investments.


The current job transformation is one of the challenges for the state of Indonesia. Crimes over time have been carried out systematically, including corruption. The interesting thing about the development of efforts to combat corruption is the development of the concept of returning state finances. Legal entities in Indonesia have long experienced legal pluralism, as can be seen from the configuration of the community that carries out Islamic criminal law and customary law as local wisdom. This study uses a normative approach with secondary data support with the specification that the confiscation of corruptor's property in Islamic criminal law is divided into: Reproaches and reprimands/warnings, dismissing from his position (al-azl min al-wadzifah), by beating (whipping), punishment in the form of property (fines) and physical punishment, exile, crucifixion, death penalty. The relevance between these concepts is a form of legitimacy for the legal significance that comes from the beliefs and needs of the community. This article raises the concept of positive law with concepts in Islamic criminal law to find the relevance of the two which will later become part of the effort to function Islamic criminal law into Indonesian positive law in order to achieve the goal of a fair law and reduce corruption.


We read with interest the comments in the recent letter Anaesthesia in the elderly (Crowe. Anaesthesia 2002; 57: 501). The suggestion that the development of a subspecialty for elderly anaesthesia, as is done with paediatric anaesthesia, is an interesting one with merit and has been suggested in a previous NCEPOD report [1]. However, we agree that the development of this area of expertise as a separate subspeciality within anaesthesia may be unrealistic for several reasons. First, as eluded to in both Dr Crowe's letter, and the Association of Anaesthetists guideline document [2], the projected increase in the elderly population and the expanse in demand for anaesthetic services for them is likely to outstrip the human resources available for provision of such a service. Second, the definition of an elderly patient is also likely to cause problems at this extreme of the age spectrum. Whilst the provision of anaesthesia services for neonatal patients is clearer to define, as this age group have generally accepted physiological and anatomical differences to those of the older infant, child or adult, the opposite extreme of the age spectrum have a wide variation between biological vs. chronological age. Rather than categorise a patient purely according to their age, the anaesthetist should regard each patient as an individual, and assess their physiological status on that basis. Third, as also pointed out in Dr Crowe's letter, pigeon-holing elderly anaesthesia into a separate subspeciality may ultimately lead to the deskilling of general anaesthetists in this field. However, it is generally recognised that multiple pathology and polypharmacy , as well as deterioration in cognitive function in the postoperative period, do indeed become more prevalent with increasing age. Anaesthesia is only one step in the care pathway of a patient from diagnosis, treatment and surgical intervention, through to postoperative care and subsequent rehabilitation. Both the NCEPOD report and the National Service Framework for Older People highlight the peri-operative needs of older people, citing the requirement that A team of senior surgeons, anaesthetists and physicians needs to be closely involved in the care of older people who have poor physical status and high operative risk [3]. The Scottish Audit of Surgical Mortality 2000 also identified that mortality of elderly patients undergoing surgery for fractured neck of femur was particularly high, and there were suggestions that postoperative care could be improved [4]. The Association Guidelines also reiterate the importance of cross-speciality advice involving anaesthetists, surgeons and physicians contributing to the preoperative assessment. We suggest therefore that an alternative to developing a specialist anaesthetic role for elderly patients would instead be investment in the development of specialist multidisciplinary teams for the elderly patient undergoing surgery. Such teams should receive input from elderly care physicians, anaesthetists, surgeons, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, pain specialists, pharmacists and social services, to provide a confluent care pathway of the elderly patient undergoing surgery from admission to discharge and subsequent rehabilitation and community care. We agree that anaesthetic departments should have a recognised lead clinician with an interest in care of the elderly, and provided with the appropriate sessions to support this service input. Similarly, the orthogeriatric team role within hospitals to provide improved medical and surgical care to high-risk elderly patients undergoing orthopaedic procedures should be expanded, again with appropriate sessions for lead clinicians specializing in this field. To summarise, in accordance with the ideals of the New NHS becoming a truly patient-centred service, we believe that we should be examining a broader, multidisciplinary, team-based approach to pathways of care of the elderly patient undergoing surgery, rather than focusing purely on anaesthesia and therefore subspecializing what is to contribute to a significant amount of the future workload of general anaesthetists.


In an effort to reduce physical testing during the development process of a new vehicle, the automotive industries develop methods that can facilitate the recreation of the physical testing scenarios in virtual environments using simulation software. This thesis aims to develop a method which would help evaluate the vehicle's dynamic properties without it being subjected to physical testing. The goal is to develop a tool that can be used in an early development phase by the industry and that would allow for modifications and calibration to take place.A vehicle model as well as an electronic stability control implementation is built, and the model's performance to an ISO3888 part-2 double lane change test is evaluated. Since the handling potentials of the vehicle are rated by its entry speed in that test, the model was subjected to an optimization process where its steering action was controlled in order to achieve the highest possible entry speed to the test in an effort to isolate the vehicle's dynamic potential from the influence of a human driver when conducting this test.The vehicle modelling procedure is done in steps, from a simple implementation of a linear bicycle model to a more complex implementation of a four-wheel vehicle including roll, tire relaxation and suspension compliance properties as well as a simplified ESC implementation. The results of the steering input optimization process were physically tested on a test track, where the correspondence of the model to the real vehicle was evaluated.By further promoting the vehicle dynamics modelling, this tool can facilitate study more testing scenarios and options and it can serve as a step toward the reduction of the physical testing when the vehicle's dynamic and handling performance need to be studied and evaluated.


Purpose
Drawing on Putnam's concept of social capital, this study aims to examine the oral life histories of women on management boards. It explores how the bridging and bonding forms of social capital are created and used to advance women's careers to reach top management positions on corporate boards.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is both explorative and interpretive. A total of 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with female board members of Polish companies to gain access to their life histories.

Findings
Women develop social capital to advance their careers. However, they mainly focus on bonding capital, which allows them to sustain relationships within their inner circle. Bridging capital, which extends relationships to advance women's careers, is often overlooked if not neglected. It seems it is usually an external shock when women understand the importance of bridging capital.

Practical implications
This study provides a better insight into how bridging and bonding capital help and/or distract women from reaching top managerial positions. It has potential policy-making implications for promoting women to leadership positions. The study results can guide organizations in providing equal opportunities for employees.

Originality/value
This study builds on previous research regarding the accumulation of human and social capital by board members. It encourages academics and practitioners to critically consider the relationship between bonding and bridging capital and the promotion of women to top management positions. This study provides access to a field of Central and Eastern European countries.


INTESTINAL STRICTURES: A MAJOR COMPLICATION IN CROHN'S DISEASE To cut is not to cure. Every clinician involved in caring for Crohn's disease (CD) patients is facing this dilemma. Although resection of stenotic or perforated intestinal segments is often unavoidable, surgical remission is only temporary. Endoscopically more than 70% of patients will have new lesions within a year and 40% will be symptomatic within 4 years.1 Biological therapies and immunosuppressives have been proven to induce complete mucosal healing, but the clinical challenge of fibrostenosis has not been eliminated by these novel therapeutic strategies. Recent retrospective data indicate that the increasing use of azathioprine in the last decade failed to decrease the need for CD-related bowel resection in a large French patient cohort.2 Uncontrolled transformation of resident mesenchymal cells into matrixdepositing myofibroblasts is most likely causing fibrosis in CD,3 but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been unraveled. Since repeated bowel resections may result in short bowel syndrome, the quest for bowel conserving strategies over the last 25 years has introduced both endoscopic and surgical strictureplasty in clinical practice.


Abstract Objective "Return to duty" (RTD) is often used as an outcome metric in military concussion research, but is inconsistently defined across studies and presents several key problems to researchers. Using results from the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center's (DVBIC) Progressive Return to Activity (PRA) study, we highlight problems with RTD, and suggest solutions to inform future efforts. Method 116 service members (SMs) were enrolled in one of two groups (pre-implementation and post-implementation of the PRA Clinical Recommendation [CR]). Data, including the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI-22), was collected within 72-hours of injury (baseline), and at 1-week, 1-month, 3-months, and 6-months post-injury. Our analyses focused on three time points: baseline, approximate RTD date, and post-RTD follow-up, with RTD data captured via self-report and electronic medical record (EMR). Secondary analyses included comparisons across PRA-CR implementation groups. Results Of those SMs (<50% of the sample) with both self-reported and EMR RTD dates, dates largely did not match (range 1 to 36 days). RTD (either date) also did not indicate symptom recovery, with >50% of SMs reporting "abnormally high" symptom levels (i.e., NSI-22 total ≥75th percentile) at RTD, and over 50% of SMs reporting at least one significant symptom (i.e., any NSI-22 item ≥ 2) after RTD. Conclusions Our data demonstrate challenges encountered with a RTD outcome metric. Military concussion researchers should strive to use a well-defined RTD outcome metric. We propose defining RTD as a return to deployment readiness. Further, researchers should utilize Department of Defense definitions of Individual Medical Readiness and Deployment Limiting conditions to increase specificity of a RTD outcome metric. Improving the way RTD is captured will improve confidence that tools used after a SM sustains concussion are adequately informing RTD decisions.


The ultraviolet absorption spectra of benzylidene methyl amine, its protonaddition compound and benzylidene methyl amine N-oxide have been examined under various conditions. SMO calculations on those compounds have been carried out, and various physicochemical properties have been discussed. On the basis of these calculations, the spectra of the above compounds have reasonably been assigned by using the spectroscopic exchange integrals βs(1A1) and βs(1B1), which were evaluated from the spectra and the MO, including C. I., of styrene.


GC3-5E~g1ESEARCH in a broad sense is our subject. Besides believing | only in the practical value of scientific investigation, we E R z should occasionally pause to consider the importance of research to our twentieth century way of life, and exisseesse~s amine our attitude toward scientific study with a detachment which permits perspective. In so doing, we may see how farreaching are the effects of research, how they concern all of us, and we come to realize how research cannot be divorced from good teaching or from good clinical practice. At the same time we become aware that "stagnation" may not be a term to be applied only to science, but might be equally descriptive of the state of an individual.


Currently, conventional solar heat storage has poor heat accumulation and heat storage effects, and the heat storage capacity is limited to a certain extent. The utility model aims to provide a solar heat storage density contrast water tank with a novel structure and high heat storage efficiency. The density contrast water tank is provided with a tank body constructed by tank walls at the four sides and a tank bottom, a black coating is coated on the inner wall of the tank body, pebbles with black coatings are fully paved on the tank bottom, specially-made saline solution with the density in the range of 1-2*10 kg/m is injected to the tank body, a coil heat exchanger is mounted at the one-forth position of the height of the tank body, and a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively machined on the top and the bottom of the tank body. The density contrast solar heat storage water tank has the advantages that the pebbles at the tank bottom can absorb large amount of solar energy, the density difference of the specially-made salt and water is utilized for layering, and the specially-made saline solution is enabled to sink, so that the heat is stored, and the density contrast solar heat storage water tank is applicable to occasions with greater heat demands.


Art criticism is one of the important motive factors , but in Xinjiang art circles becuase of all kinds of restricted factors, its whole level still has a great gap between that of the whole country and the world. With the enforcement of the great western development, it will bring a new juncture to the developmnet of Xinjiang art criticism writing. The article only discusses the restricted sluggish factors of Xinjiang art circles and the development trend.


The effect of simple and sequential embryo culture media on the preimplantationdevelopment of mouse nuclear transfer (NT) embryos reconstructed with cumuluscell nuclei using a mechanical NT technique was studied. Blastocyst formation ratewas evaluated using CZB medium. Nonmanipulated and sham-manipulatedparthenogenetic embryos served as controls for, respectively, the medium and thehandling technique. Rates of blastocyst formation for medium and handling controlembryos were similar in CZB (50% and 53%). Development of NT embryos wassignificantly impaired from the two-cell stage onwards, reaching the blastocyst stage ata rate of 4% in CZB. These data demonstrate not only that NT embryos are moresensitive to in vitro culture conditions than parthenogenetic control embryos but alsothat selection of culture media can influence the preimplantation development of NTembryos.


Bioactive food ingredients are non-essential substances found in foods that can modulate one or more metabolic processes, resulting in enhanced health. Functional diets have attracted more critical than ever as an alternative to conventional treatments of many diseases. The medicinal potential of functional foods and nutraceuticals are due to some unique functional groups produced due to food metabolism and their molecular variants. Phytochemicals are biologically active, naturally occurring chemical compounds in plants with various biological properties and therapeutic benefits. While functional foods and natural bioactive compounds have Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease 2021; 4(3): 24-39 BCHD Page 25 of 39 been used as conventional medicines to treat chronic diseases for decades, recent scientific findings identify functional foods' health advantages and present the basic mechanisms of their behaviors. Phytochemicals have essential bioactive roles in the prevention and treatment of oxidative and inflammatory diseases. Plant-derived bioactive compounds can help suppress inflammation by inhibiting oxidative damage and communicating with the immune system. Many bioactive components are capable of binding to intestinal tract toxins or carcinogens. These bioactive peptides control diet-related medical conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and other metabolic diseases. Various bioactive compounds in common food and their therapeutic role is discussed in this review.


In this article, it has been discussed that at the beginning of the nineteenth century in sub-continent, when the central government had almost lost all his authority and there was chaos in the country, in Dera Ghazi Khan, the Baloch tribes in their tribal organization had at that time maintained their social and cultural cohesiveness. The Baloch tribal society, even at that time which is generally considered as medieval period, was based on enlightened values. It had in its social organization, established enlightened and liberal cultural traits like egalitarianism and religious toleration, respect for women and children, justice in its social organization even in that times of medieval period of that region. So in this context, in this article it has been discussed that the modern values of individual rights, egalitarianism, liberty, enlightenment, toleration, respect for women and rule of law were present at that time in Baloch tribal society.


The use of a cw diode-pumped Nd:YAG rod laser for industrial applications is investigated. The laser is pumped by water cooled high-power laser diode bars in a star-shaped transverse pumping configuration. An output power of 75 W is achieved with 240 W of pumping power, corresponding to 40% slope efficiency. Thermal lensing and birefringence of a laser rod with a diameter of 4 mm is investigated. High fundamental transverse mode and second harmonic efficiency is reported. A simple scalable concept for lasers with 10 W to 100 W output power is presented.


Welded joints of dissimilar stainless steel sheets have many industrial applications due to their cost effectiveness, light-weight, and high efficiency. Thin austenitic stainless steel sheets of different thicknesses are extensively used in the automation industry. Conventional welding techniques due to their high heat input and high spatters have always posed problems such as burn-through and distortion for welding these joints of thin austenitic steels. The CMT welding technique is effectively used for the joining of thin sheets due to its characteristics of lower distortion rate and low heat input. In this research work, austenitic stainless steels of grade SS202 and SS304 of thickness 1.2 mm and 2 mm respectively were welded by CMT welding technique and studied the mechanical characteristics of dissimilar stainless steel joints. Taguchi L9 optimization technique was used to find the optimized process variables for obtaining the maximum tensile strength. The maximum tensile strength of dissimilar joint welded at115 A current, 4 mm/s welding speed, and 10% arc length correction factor was found to be 291 MPa. The maximum micro-hardness value of the weld zone was achieved and the lower value was observed in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was utilized to detect the residual stresses of the welded joint. The residual stress was observed in compressive nature in the weld zone and base plate and of tensile nature in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). CMT welding process can produce high strength dissimilar austenitic steel joints of different thicknesses.


Ground moving target indicator(GMTI) using space based sparse array is attractive.Unfortunately,grating lobes come with sparse array.Theoretical analysis and experimental reuslts show that grating lobes cause "blind speeds" and "false targets".A simple method for mitigating the angle ambiguity effects on GMTI performance is presented in this paper.The element positions of uniform array are randomized to reduce blind speed zones.Then the so called "nulling space time adaptive processing(STAP)" method is used to suppress false targets.Experimental results illustrate that the method is robust and effective.


Dietary factors have important role in modulating the gut microbiome, which in-turn regulates the molecular events in colonic mucosa. The composition and resulting metabolism of the gut microbiome are decisive factors in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. Microbiota-Accessible Carbohydrates (MAC) refer to carbohydrates that the human intestine cannot digest, but that can be digested by intestinal microbes. During that process, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) is produced, which is known to increase beneficial intestinal bacteria and decrease inflammation around intestinal cells. This prospective, longitudinal study aims to explore the changes in the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota according to the diet pattern in patients with stage I to lll CRC. Participants were assigned to 3-week modified MAC diet group or free diet group followed by diet switching for 3 weeks. Modified MAC diet was designed to adapt to a high fiber diet including 30g of dietary fiber daily and delivered to the patient's home for 3 weeks as a meal kit supported by Dr. Kitchen Corp. We collected 113 fecal samples from 40 CRC patients before and after diet switching. To explore the effect of diet on the composition of the microbiota and pattern of defecation, 16S rRNA sequencing were performed using fecal samples. Biological information was processed by Qiime2 plugins, DESeq2 and Lefse. Among total 40 participants, 26 (65%) were male. There were 11 (27.5%) with right colon cancer and 29 patients with left colon and rectal cancer. 18 patients without adjuvant chemotherapy were lower stage and higher compliance to modified MAC diet (median 89%) than 22 patients with adjuvant chemotherapy (median 60%). In all participants, protein and dietary fiber intake increased by more than 90% and sodium intake decreased by more than half during modified MAC diet compared to the free diet. There was no difference in alpha diversity change between chemotherapy group and non-chemotherapy group but a significant difference was observed in beta diversity change. Especially, Lachnospiraceae Eubacterium hallii were enriched in non-chemotherapy group. During the modified MAC diet in the group not receiving chemotherapy, Lactobacillaceae Pediococcus, Prevotellaceae Prevotella, Streptococcaceae Lactococcus were increased and Ruminococcaceae Eubacterium siraeum group, Ruminococcaceae UBA1819 were decreased. This study results showed that 3 weeks dietary intake influences the structure and activity of gut microbiome even though the dietary responsiveness of the individual's microbiota varied substantially. The joint study of microbiome and metabolome has been ongoing now as the most promising approach to evaluate host-microbiome interaction. In order to prove the importance of a balanced diet after colorectal cancer surgery, it will be necessary to analyze the relationship with clinical outcomes.
 Citation Format: Boyeon Kim, Jiwon Lee, Jin Kim, Jung-Myun Kwak, Hye-Jin Cho, Eun Sung Jung, Sunyoung Lee, Dong Ho Suh, Yu Jin Park, Soohyeon Lee. A modified microbiota-accessible carbohydrates diet could change gut microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer after surgery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3040.


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Community responses to disease, including non-communicable diseases, are influenced by the socio-cultural system. The system shapes community knowledge and belief on diseases, as well as community attitude and practice towards prevention and treatment. Drawing on the case in West Java Province, this study aims at identifying socio-cultural aspects in preventing non-communicable diseases. This study was conducted by using a qualitative design. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and archival study. This study found four socio-cultural aspects related to disease and the prevention and treatment of disease in West Java: 1) knowledge and practice of medicine covered in a local knowledge system about the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases, 2) local institutions, involving social institutions ranging from families, mosque neighborhood groups, and recitation groups, 3) social actors involved, such as ustaz, traditional leaders, and youth groups, 4) local health communication, using visual and audiovisual aids. This study concludes that these four aspects must be considered in designing a socio-cultural-based non-communicable disease prevention strategy, to be effective and in accordance with the socio-cultural context in West Java.


The effect of the RuOx /Pt multilayer electrode on the microstructure and ferroelectric properties of PbZrx Ti1-x O3 (x=0.52) prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were studied. The variation of RuOx thickness resulted in changes in the RuOx surface morphology. These modifications of RuOx surfaces caused changes in the texture, surface morphology and ferroelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films deposited on the multilayer electrodes. The improvements in the ferroelectric properties were attributed to the altered microstructure. Remanent polarization (P r) and coercive voltage (V c) of the multilayer PZT capacitors were estimated to be 22 µ C/cm2 and 0.7 V at 5 V, respectively. The multilayer PZT capacitors did not degrade up to 1012 cycles at 2 V. In this study, the factors of the deposition of PZT on RuOx /Pt multilayer electrode by MOCVD were investigated and the integration process of the Pt/RuOx /PZT/RuOx /Pt capacitor was also discussed.


The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is a large forest raptor with a Holarctic distribution and, in some portions of its range, a species of conservation concern. To augment previously reported genetic markers, 13 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed to establish individual identification and familial relationships, to assess levels of genetic diversity, and to identify diagnostic markers. Of the 22 loci tested, 13 were polymorphic, seven were monomorphic, and two failed to amplify. This suite of microsatellite loci yielded a combined probability of parental exclusion of 98%; a single individual sampled from a North American population can be reliably identified using a combination of seven of the 13 polymorphic loci. Cross-species screening in Cooper's Hawks (A. cooperii) and Sharp-shinned Hawks (A. striatus) of the 20 loci that successfully amplified in Northern Goshawks identified 13 loci as polymorphic in each species. Six of these loci (Age1303, Age1308, Age1309, Age1312, and Age1314) appeared to be useful in distinguishing between Accipiter species. These markers will be useful to researchers investigating populations of North American accipiters.


The present study aims to improve the hardness and wear resistance of aluminum-silicon alloys using atmospheric plasma-sprayed ZrO2, Al2O3-ZrO2 multilayer and Al2O3/ZrO2 composite coatings. The fabricated coatings were characterized to explore their morphological changes, surface hardness, phase composition, surface roughness, friction and wear. Friction and wear resistance against cast iron were determined under dry-sliding conditions at the load of 15 N in room temperature. The micro structural studies revealed the morphological changes of the various coatings fabricated on aluminum-silicon alloys. The Al2O3/ZrO2 composite coating contained equiaxed grains due to differences in the melting points of the two particles. The formation of equiaxed grains increased the hardness of the aluminum-silicon alloy from 55 HV0.3 to 1168 HV0.3 after the deposition of the Al2O3/ZrO2 composite. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of intermetallic phases in the various deposits. Low surface roughness of 2.51 μm was exhibited for ZrO2 deposit compared to 3.02 μm of Al2O3/ZrO2 composite and 3.90 μm of Al2O3-ZrO2 multilayer deposit. Al2O3/ZrO2 composite coating achieved better tribological performance than the ZrO2 and Al2O3-ZrO2 multi-layer coatings. Hardened tribofilm reduced the wear rate to 9.5 × 10−5 gm−1 for Al2O3/ZrO2 composite from the wear rate of 4.53 × 10−4 gm−1 of Al-Si alloy. Though the wear resistance is improved for the composite deposit, the COF was increased to 0.55 compared to the other deposit. The delamination, adhesive, abrasive and Grain pull-out wear mechanism occurred during the sliding of Al-Si alloy, ZrO2 and Al2O3-ZrO2 multilayer against the cast iron had been reduced considerably after the Al2O3/ZrO2 composite.


The evolution of our tendencies for warfare and peacemaking is of urgent interest. Between-group competition over resources is often invoked to explain out-group hostility and in-group cooperation and altruism (1). But humans also show strong propensities for between-group tolerance and large-scale cooperation. To explore the evolutionary basis for variation in violence and peacemaking, evolutionary anthropologists turn to consideration of the behavior of our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos (Fig. 1). They seek both to infer the behavior of the last common ancestor (LCA) with humans to identify homologous behaviors and to identify divergent or convergent behaviors that evolved in each lineage after the LCA (2). Chimpanzees live in permanent social groups (often called communities), in which individuals, mostly males, cooperatively defend a group territory. Between-group interactions are routinely hostile and sometimes lethal (3). In contrast, bonobos live in apparently similar groups, but, although between-group interactions are sometimes hostile (4), they can be tolerant, with adjacent groups associating peacefully for hours or even days (5). Because bonobos have been studied less thoroughly than chimpanzees, the question has arisen of whether these peaceful interactions are indeed between separate groups, or whether the groups are actually subsections of a larger group. In PNAS, Samuni et al. (6) address this question by comparing the associations of several adjacent groups of bonobos with those between subgroups within a single large chimpanzee community. Chimpanzees live across the equatorial belt of Africa north of the Congo River, in habitats ranging from equatorial rain forest to seasonal savanna. Bonobos live only south of the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of Congo, in mostly forested habitats. Genetic evidence places their divergence from chimpanzees close to 2 million years ago when a population is thought to have crossed the Congo River during an unusually dry period (7, 8). Limited more recent admixture has been detected, but, in general, the Congo River appears to have acted as an effective barrier between the species. The LCA of humans and chimpanzees is dated around 8 million years ago (2). Although humans are equally related to chimpanzees and bonobos, a prevailing but not universal view is that the LCA was more like chimpanzees than bonobos and that many features of bonobos are derived. Under this scenario, features shared


Construction of roads in Kenya, particularly done by local contractors, has adversely been faced with serious issues to do with cost overruns, longer periods in completion and above all poor quality upon completion. However, performance of roads in the post-delivery or post construction stage has not keenly been assessed or studied despite poor workmanship. Although financial aspect has been associated with completion road construction projects, studies have not used this predictor variable to study performance. The aim of the study was to establish the influence of financial ability of contractors and performance of road construction infrastructural projects in Nairobi County, Kenya. Both descriptive survey research and correlation research designs were adopted in this study. A target population of 460 comprising all public service vehicle drivers plying Eastern Bypass, and Outer-ring roads in Nairobi, as well as the contractors and engineers from the construction firms in Nairobi County. A sample of 210 was drawn from both categories of respondents and served with interview schedules out of which 153 were returned representing 72.8%. Results from the simple linear regression model revealed that contractors' financial ability, explains 44.7% total variation in the performance of road construction infrastructural projects. This relationship was established to be lineally positive and strong (r=0.669) and also significant (P=0.000<0.05). The study findings play a vital role in construction project management during evaluation process of selecting effective contractors for better road performance.


Three new species of Gymnopilus subgenusGymnopilus section Microspori aredescribed from eastern Australia. These areGymnopilus marginatus,Gymnopilus patriae andGymnopilus parvisporus. Because of their frequently excentrically stipitate habit and small spore size, the species are comparedwith Pyrrhoglossum pyrrhum (Berk. & M.A.Curtis)Singer, the type species of the genus Pyrrhoglossum,whose presence is also recorded from Australia for the first time. Pigment content of all four species has been examined by thin layer chromatography.Styrylpyrone pigments bis-noryangonin and hispidin were detected in only two of the three Gymnopilus species.Although yellow pigment can be extracted fromPyrrhoglossum pyrrhum, it does not containbis-noryangonin or hispidin.


The complexity of multiple gene‐nutrient interactions prevents consumers from making, on a daily basis, unassisted dietary choices that fit their personal needs. The objective therefore was to demonstrate the feasibility of personalized computer‐assisted menu selection.


The conflict between Ukraine and Russia has been escalating since the Ukraine crisis in 2014. In 2020, the tension between these two states reached its culmination. This conflict not only refers to Russia, Ukraine and the Western power, it also poses a threat to international security. This paper tends to analyze the factors that provoke Russia to intervene in Ukraine, specifically from a political perspective. It is expected that the analysis of this issue could contribute to future research in the relationship between these countries, and to understand the actions taken by Russia. For analyzing the problem more compressively, this literature searched for articles from 2000 to present on Google Scholar and JSTOR, and through screening according to keywords, a total of 23 articles were selected. In summary, there are three main factors summarized in this article, in terms of domestic political stability, geopolitical strategy, and national defense industry development.


To globally approach some language mechanisms, we model linguistic basic interactions by simulating an artificial life, dispatching reactive agents on a grid, where they seek food and reproduce. As a result, we provide a ten stages phylogenetic progression of beings, ranging from a basic vegetative cell, up to a social organization of communicating agents. At each level, agents are improved by new features, so we describe their internal functioning: neural connections between sensors and action effectors. We define a new semantics of a structure, based on it's efficiency to help an agent newly fitted with it. To evaluate the changing in the being fitness, we don't measure the new efficiency of its actions and behavior; but, we simulate in an artificial life, a group of these new agents, we simply measure how much they are, how long they survive; and we compare these new results with the past ones. Within this progression and this new semantics, we obtain a coherent frame to globally study some language mechanisms. When analyzing this got phylogenesis, we notice that the semantics emerges before lexicon and syntax. According to this point of view, we conclude that communication improves the group performances, and that the language seems to be the internal communication of a macro entity: the group.


Outlines a short course on the chemistry of winemaking and provides a procedure for making red wine from grape juice,


A novel incremental meta-cognitive-based Scaffolding algorithm is proposed in this paper crafted in a recurrent network based on fuzzy inference system termed recurrent classifier (rClass). rClass features a synergy between schema and scaffolding theories in the how-to-learn part, which constitute prominent learning theories of the cognitive psychology. In what-to-learn component, rClass amalgamates the new online active learning concept by virtue of the Bayesian conflict measure and dynamic sampling strategy, whereas the standard sample reserved strategy is incorporated in the when-to-learn constituent. The inference scheme of rClass is managed by the local recurrent network, sustained by the generalized fuzzy rule. Our thorough empirical study has ascertained the efficacy of rClass, which is capable of producing reliable classification accuracies, while retaining the amenable computational and memory burdens.


W K Buhler 1981 New York: Springer viii + 208 pp price $17.80 While doubtless a valuable addition to the literature on Gauss, this book is very definitely a study rather than a biography. It dissects its subject, his circumstances and his achievements to such an extent that at first reading it lacks the unity one seeks in a biography.


The high affinity IgE Fc receptor (FcϵRI) β chain functions as a signal amplifier and has been linked to atopy, asthma, and allergy. Herein, we report on a previously unrecognized negative regulatory role for the nonconventional β chain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif that contains three tyrosine residues (YX5YX3Y). Degranulation and leukotriene production was found to be impaired in cells expressing the mutated FcϵRIβ immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs FYY, YYF, FYF, and FFF. In contrast, cytokine synthesis and secretion were enhanced in the YFY and FFF mutants. FcϵRI phosphorylation and Lyn kinase co-immunoprecipitation was intact in the YFY mutant but was lost in the FYF and FFF mutants. The phosphorylation of Syk, LAT, phospholipase γ1/2, and Srchomology 2 domain-containing protein phosphatase 2 was intact, whereas the phosphorylation of SHIP-1 was significantly reduced in the YFY mutant cells. The FYF and FFF mutants were defective in phosphorylating all of these molecules. In contrast, the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, IκB kinase β (IKKβ), and nuclear NFκB activity was enhanced in the YFY and FFF mutants. These findings show that the FcϵRIβ functions to both selectively amplify (degranulation and leukotriene secretion) and dampen (lymphokine) mast cell effector responses.


: The article presents a numerical study of pre-injection strategy in order to reduce the rate of heat release and pressure rise in a modern direct injection diesel engine, developed for passenger car. A model of the engine was built in advanced simulation code AVL BOOST. In order to determine the injection rate a supplementary model of the solenoid injector was built in AVL HYDSIM. A study of rate of heat release and pressure rise into combustion chamber was conducted at single operating point. The engine effective power was taken into consideration as well. The results revealed that pre-injection strategy is a promising approach for reducing the rate of heat released and the engine noise at low speed and load. However, a precise control of pre-injected mass and injection timing has to be realised by engine control system.


Background: The aging process leads to musculoskletal disorders, visual disturbances and neurological disorders which will cause disturbance of the balance and also the risk of falling even will cause the risk of injury to improve this then the physical activity should be increased and also to improve the balance there are some exercises such as cores stability exercise and balance exercise.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze whether core stability exercise and balance exercise were better in reducing the risk of falls in the elderly.

Methods of Study: The research design uses quasi expriment and pre-post test design with control group design. The population in this study elderly are at risk of falling in the village of Popoh who meet the inclusion criteria 2 weeks. Total sample were 40 respondents with details of core stability exercise group of 20 respondents and group of exercise balance 20 respondents. Sampling technique using purposive sampling. The results were analyzed using an Independent Test T test.

Research Results: Characteristic of research subjects get percentage of risk of falling medium with percentage of 97,5% in core training group of stability exercise and balance exercise.Uji normality of data using shapiro wilk in can that core stability exercise and balance exercise p> 0,05 then data normally distributed. Differences test before and after in core stability exercise and balance exercise group. The result of Paired T-Test calculation before and after core stability exercise with probability p value 0,00 then H1 received, Paired T-Test calculation before and after balance exercise with probability p value 0,00 then H1 is accepted. Calculation through Independent T-Test with probability P value (sig) = 0.80> 0.05 then H1 is accepted so that there is a significant difference to decreased risk of fall in elderly.

Conclusion : The conclusion of this study is that there are differences in the effect of Core Stability Exercise and Balance Exercise for decreasing risk of falls in the elderly. With a value of α> of 0.05 so there is a difference in the effect of Core Stability Exercise and Balance Exercise. Balance Exercise is better in reducing the risk of falling in the elderly in Popoh Village Blitar District.


Objective: To investigate the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and ultrafine particle (UFP) with respiratory health illness among photocopy workers in Selangor. Method: This cross-sectional comparative study involved sixty workers where 30 photocopy workers as exposed group and 30 administrative staffs as comparative group. Questionnaire adapted from American Thoracic Society (ATS) was used to assess respiratory symptoms. Lung function test was conducted for each respondent to assess lung function status. Measurement of PM2.5 and ultrafine particle was performed to obtain exposure level the respondents. Result: Mean personal exposure to PM2.5 (62.30 µg/m3) was 5 times higher and UFP (14567.10 pt/cc) was 4 times higher in exposed group than comparative group (PM2.5= 13.10 µg/m3, UFP= 3662.60 pt/cc). Reported respiratory symptoms of cough (26.7%), phlegm (16.7%), chest tightness (3.3%), and wheezing (6.7%) were much higher in exposed group compared to comparative group. There was a significant association between personal exposure to PM2.5 with lung function of FVC % predicted (r= -0.404, p= 0.027) and UFP with lung function of FEV1 % predicted (r= 0.377, p=0.040). The continuous exposure to PM2.5 and UFP among photocopiers workers can cause lung function impairment as current study findings also showed that respiratory symptoms was higher among exposed group compared to the comparative group and there was a significant association between personal exposures to PM2.5 and UFP with lung function among exposed group. Conclusion The photocopy owner should control the emission and exposure to PM2.5 and UFP by regularly serviced or maintenance the photocopy machine and improve indoor environment by ensures good ventilation.


Ductile damage evolution is driven by plastic deformation which leads to the fracture of most metallic materials. It is well known that the basic mechanism of this ductile fracture involves three principal stages.1) The first stage consists of the nucleation of microvoids at the second-phase particles or at the interfaces between a matrix and them.2–5) The second stage consists of the growth of microvoids induced by the plastic stress and strain field. The third stage corresponds to the coalescence of the nucleated and grown voids which is resulted from the localization of the deformation and the interlinkages of the ligaments between adjacent voids. With technological advances in hardware and software of X-ray tomography technique, this final phenomenon can be clearly observed during in situ tensile test,5–7) as well as the first and the second stages.8,9) Recently, many experimental and modeling efforts with X-ray tomography have been made to better understand and predict the void nucleation in steels as well as light metals such as aluminum alloys which can be more clearly observed due to their higher X-ray transmissivity than steels. Maire et al.10) measured the number of voids per unit volume in a dual-phase steel during in situ tensile test. The acquired quantitative data has then used to validate a model of void nucleation based on the Argon criterion.11) It has been shown that the number of voids related to the local true strain and increased very strongly after necking. The critical In Situ Observation of Void Nucleation and Growth in a Steel using X-ray Tomography


This paper reviews the recent efforts to tailor the properties of CW random fiber laser (RFL), including short-cavity based high-efficiency RFLs, polarization properties of RFLs and RFLs based on various gain mechanisms.


Let me say at the outset that to see the artist in the art-work is not a question of 'pathologizing' which Maclagan wants to avoid. There is everything to be gained by viewing what we each do as autobiographical. This does not prohibit ideas about the collective. Quite the contrary, the best art successfully communicates to the viewer when it is able to be identified with by the spectator. Most art therapists work with client groups who, by definition, are people not getting the best out of their lives and consider they have problems. To acknowledge that somebody is troubled with anxiety, or depression, or specific psychiatric diagnoses such as psychosis or bi-polar does not mean they are being pathologised. In either psychiatry or psychotherapy I have very rarely come across a patient who does not think he or she has a problem and that this problem is causing them difficulties with their lives. It seems to me that working with the obstacles to fulfilment in love and work is the appropriate concern for therapists and is in no way open to the criticism of pathologising the individual. I am a Freudian, having tried most of the other analytic perspectives during my own personal evolution. I started out interested in R. D. Laing and anti-psychiatry, then became a Jungian (because I thought Jung's view about art was better than Freud's and I liked and still like the idea of 'bespoke' therapy). I vacated this kind of thinking when I became more aware of the importance of understanding infancy and childhood in psychological development and was greatly influenced by the British Object Relations schools: Klein, Winnicott and Fairbairn. I found I moved away from Object Relations because it was not helping me to understand erotic and aggressive material in clinical work (transference and counter-transference) in a manner that made much sense. Much to my own surprise, I found the ideas of Freud making more sense than those of his contemporaries or those that followed after him.


Sensory perception of environmental cues can dramatically modulate ageing across distant taxa. For example, male Drosophila melanogaster age faster if they perceive female cues but fail to mate (ageing via sexual perception). This finding has been a breakthrough for our understanding of the mechanisms of ageing, yet we ignore how and why such responses have evolved. Here, we used D. melanogaster to ask whether ageing via sexual perception may be a by-product of plastic adaptive responses to female cues, and found that while long-term sexual perception leads to reproductive costs, short-term perception increases male lifetime reproductive success in a competitive environment. Simulations under a wide range of socio-sexual and demographic scenario suggest that such plasticity as a response to sexual perception might be a widespread strategy in nature. Finally, we show that sexual perception can significantly magnify sexual selection (15-27% average increase in the opportunity for selection).


Background and purpose:  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that is difficult to predict and to cope with. Mastery refers to the extent to which patients see themselves as being in control of the forces that affect their lives. It may play an important role in perceived health status and well‐being. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether mastery is associated with functional disability and perceived health status in MS patients and how such an association might function.


Olga da Polga is a guinea-pig with a wild imagination, and from the minute she arrives at her new home, she begins entertaining all the other animals in the garden with her outrageous stories. As well as telling all her tall tales, she also has time to get up to all kinds of mischief and have lots of wonderful adventures too.


This paper aims at testing if a group of 4 th grade Spanish secondary students fulfills e-mail tandem reciprocity principle in an e-mail tandem exchange with British students their same age regarding (i) use of mother tongue and foreign language in each e-mail, and (ii) corrections of mistakes made by their partners. Our findings show that Spanish students are a model for their partners regarding the use of both languages in each e-mail whereas the number of corrections decreases throughout the study.


Title: Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation Is an Independent Outcome Predictor of Acute Ischemic Stroke after Endovascular Therapy Authors: Ge Tian (firstname.lastname@example.com) Zhong Ji (firstname.lastname@example.com) Kaibin Huang (email@example.com) Zhenzhou Lin (firstname.lastname@example.com) Suyue Pan (firstname.lastname@example.com) Yongming Wu (firstname.lastname@example.com) Version: 2 Date: 05 Apr 2020 Author's response to reviews: April 5, 2020 Dear Reviewers and Editors, Thank you very much for your kind suggestions about our manuscript title as "Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation Is an Independent Outcome Predictor of Acute Ischemic Stroke after Endovascular Therapy". The paper has been revised according to your comments. Please kindly check them. Thank you for your attention. Yours sincerely, Prof Yongming Wu


This paper is committed to the relative navigation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) flying in formation flight. The concept and methods of swarm UAVs technology and architecture have been explained. The relative state estimation models of unmanned aerial vehicles which are based on separate systems as Inertial Navigation Systems (INS)&Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Laser&INS and Vision based techniques have been compared via various approaches. The sensors are used individually or integrated each other via sensor integration for solving relative navigation problems. The UAV relative navigation models are varied as stated in operation area, type of platform and environment. The aim of this article is to understand the correlation between relative navigation systems and potency of state estimation algorithms as well during formation flight of UAV.


Background:Eastern Asia is a region with a high incidence of gastric cancer (GC), and the detection rate of early gastric cancer (EGC) has been rising in recent decades.2With the development of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and the scope of its indications gradually expanded,the treatment for EGC is becoming a hot topic, which involves accurate preoperative evaluation.3The purpose of this study was to assess overall accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in N staging of GC in Eastern Asia.4Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted to collect all relevant published studies about MDCT in assessing N staging of GC in Eastern Asia, within the PubMed, Cochrane library and Web of science databases from January 01, 2002 to April 01, 2020.5 The raw data from the included studies calculated the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for evaluating the performance of MDCT.6 The studies were grouped according to different criteria to assess the effect of possible factors on the sensitivity of MDCT.7Results: fourteen studies (5119 patients) were included in this analysis.8 In Eastern Asia, MDCT had a pooled accuracy of 67% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-0.72, I = 90.1%) for N staging. By subgroup analysis, reference diameter of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and degree of tumor invasion (DTI) were correlated with the sensitivity of N staging.9 And the pooled sensitivity for N+ of EGC was relatively low.10Conclusions: In Eastern Asia, as the influence of reference diameter of LNM and DTI, the sensitivity of MDCT in N staging of GC was insufficient.11 This may lead to incorrect preoperative staging, so that patients with GC may be over treated or inadequate lymph node (LN)dissection.12 The hierarchical assessment strategy may significantly improve the sensitivity for N+ of EGC to make appropriate methods of treatment.13


Theory and research in the social sciences support a model of dynamic interactive processes between individual characteristics and the environment which lead to complex behaviors such as the creation of new ventures and other entrepreneurial activities. Neither the characteristics of the individual nor the characteristics of the environment (social, physical, financial, etc.) are sufficient in themselves to explain the phenomenon of new venture creation. Research models in entrepreneurship must, therefore, reflect this dynamic relationship or at least be compatible with this perspective. Past research on the entrepreneur has been based, to a large extent, on the assumption that stable personality characteristics can explain how entrepreneurs are different from nonentrepreneurs. This assumption has influenced entrepreneurial research and the way we view entrepreneurs in many ways, one of which is subject selection based on operational definitions. The assumption of stable personality characteristics allows for the use of subjects who may or may not be entrepreneurs at the present time because they may be seen as "budding" or potential entrepreneurs. Since personality characteristics are stable across time and situations, they exist in much the same way at any point in time or career stage for a given individual. Because personality characteristics are stable, entrepreneurs would exhibit the same general characteristics regardless of the stage of their career or the situation in which they find themselves. Students who are current or potential entrepreneurs would exhibit the same stable defining characteristics as would nonstudents who are current or potential entrepreneurs. For the most part, the instruments used in measuring entrepreneurship have been based on personality models in psychology which purport to measure personality characteristics that are stable across time and situations and have a broad range of effects. Based on the stable state or trait model, one would expect that the same basic characteristic or constellation of characteristics would affect entrepreneurs and/or potential entrepreneurs at all stages in their careers, at all ages, and in all aspects of their life. Achievement, locus of control, risk taking, etc., would have a similar effect on the studies and social life of a student, and on the business and family life of a non-student. There seems to be a clear relationship between entrepreneurship and achievement motivation across a number of measurement instruments (Edwards Personal Preference Scale, the Mehrabian Scale, and the TAT (1)), and across a number of different samples. However, under the assumption of a set of dynamic and changing characteristics, differences across time and situations would be expected. Groups of entrepreneurs at different stages of their careers would be expected to differ in some central entrepreneurial characteristics just as entrepreneurs would be expected to differ from nonentrepreneurs. Changes over time in entrepreneurial characteristics are a potential explanation for some unusual results in the entrepreneurship literature. For example, Sexton and Bowman (1983) found that achievement motivation lacked predictive validity in groups of entrepreneurship students and non-business students, but the same construct has been found to predict entrepreneurship in nonstudent groups of entrepreneurs (Brockhaus 1982, Hornaday 1982, Hornaday and Aboud 1971, Lachman 1980, McClelland 1961). In subsequent research Sexton and Bowman (1984, 1986) modified the JPI/PRF-E (2) by dropping the achievement and 28 other scales from the test instruments because the scales lacked predictive validity for student subjects. In validating the modified instrument with nonstudent groups, Sexton and Bowman (1986) found not only that there were significant differences on all of the scales used between the experimental groups (entrepreneur) and control groups (nonentrepreneurs) but also that on seven of the nine scales there was a significant difference between the students and nonstudents (including both the entrepreneur and control groups). …


Rapidly rising populations of low‐lying megacities in Asia mean that understanding the potential risk of coastal flooding by storm surge is of paramount concern. The city of Bangkok and the wider Chao Phraya River delta at the head of the Gulf of Thailand is a region topographically vulnerable to coastal flooding, but without the record of a high‐energy marine inundation (HEMI) event in historical time owing to the atypical path that a typhoon must take to be able to produce such an event.


The CERN accelerator complex uses kicker magnets that are pulsed with voltages of up to 80 kV and pulse rise times as fast as 100 ns. For pulse transmission, special coaxial high voltage cables are used together with custom designed connectors with high dielectric strength, low partial discharges, and precise impedance. Several types of connectors are in use at CERN since decades. The aim is to develop a connector, which will be used for a polyethylene prototype cable at 60 kV, to possibly replace the existing SF6 gas filled cables. Improvements for better voltage holding and significantly reduced partial discharges have been investigated and are outlined. The connectors are simulated using Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis and are subsequently high voltage tested to identify weaknesses and finally introduce a new improved connector design. Existing connectors have been inspected, simulated, HV tested in the laboratory, and their weak points have been analyzed. The influence of triple points inside the connector and the ways to treat them were studied. The test procedure, including partial discharge measurements and inception voltage tests, is outlined. Based on the knowledge gained, a new design for future 60 kV connectors has been developed and is analyzed. Results of simulations and HV tests are presented and show the initial feasibility of the design.


The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the cardiac structure and function in patients who have metabolic syndrome but no history of cardiovascular disease by analyzing echocardiographic findings. Echocardiographic examination was performed to screen for cardiovascular disease in 135 patients who were in their sixties. Patients were divided into metabolic syndrome (n=65, age: 65±2.7 years) and non–metabolic syndrome (n=70, age: 66±2.5 years) groups based on the criteria for metabolic syndrome proposed by the Japanese Society of Hypertension and seven other societies in 2005. The left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and dimension were measured by M-mode echocardiography. The relative wall thickness, LV mass index, and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were calculated. LV diastolic function was assessed by the peak velocity of early rapid filling (E velocity) and the peak velocity of atrial filling (A velocity), and the ratio of E to A (E/A) was assessed by the transmitral flow. The Tei index, which reflects both LV diastolic and systolic function, was also calculated. There were no differences in relative wall thickness, LV mass index, or LVEF between the two groups. However, both the E/A and Tei index were significantly different between the metabolic syndrome (0.66±0.14 and 0.36±0.07, respectively) and non–metabolic syndrome (0.88±0.25 and 0.29±0.09) groups (p<0.001). These results indicate that patients with metabolic syndrome can have cardiac diastolic dysfunction even if they have neither LV hypertrophy nor systolic dysfunction.


Because human impacts and climate change threaten aquatic ecosystems, a need exists to quantify catchment-scale biodiversity patterns and identify conservation actions that can mitigate adverse human impacts on aquatic biota.
Whereas many traditional aquatic resource questions can be answered by repeatedly sampling a few target species with limited types of gear in the same habitats, sampling fish biodiversity patterns at larger scales requires a different approach. Researchers and managers need to determine the types of sampling gear and amount of effort that provide a representative estimate of biodiversity in a range of habitats across a catchment.
Using a randomized block design within a 90-m stream reach that contained the same habitats as the scientific study area, fish assemblages were compared using three different types of gear (minnow traps, backpack electrofishing, and hoop nets) at three levels of effort (one, two, and three mixed-gear units) over four replicate days.
A mixture of gear types best quantified fish assemblages. A combination of 10 minnow traps, 20-m of backpack electrofishing, and two hoop nets caught the most species. Additional gear added few new species. Resampling confirmed these results.
When researchers and managers initiate sampling on a new stream or river system, they do not know how effective each gear type is and whether their sampling effort is adequate. Although the types and amount of gear may be different for other studies, systems, and research questions, the five-step process described here for making sampling decisions and evaluating sampling efficiency can be applied widely to any system to restore, manage, and conserve aquatic ecosystems. It is believed that incorporating this gear-evaluation process into a wide variety of studies and ecosystems will increase rigour within and across aquatic biodiversity studies.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract Enrico Palandri's essay investigates, in its philosophical and political implications and also focusing on Leopardi's relationships with the contemporary German great historian and phi-lologist Barthold Georg Niebhur, a suggestive tessera in the rich mosaic of Leopardi's incessant dialogue with the classical world.


It is shown by Connes, Douglas and Schwarz that gauge theory on noncommutative torus describes compactifications of M-theory to tori with constant background three-form field. This indicates that noncommutative gauge theories on more general manifolds also can be useful in string theory. We discuss a framework to noncommutative quantum gauge theory on Poisson manifolds by using the deformation quantization. The Kontsevich formula for the star product was given originally in terms of the perturbation expansion and it leads to a non-renormalizable quantum field theory. We discuss the nonperturbative path integral formulation of Cattaneo and Felder as a possible approach to construction of noncommutative quantum gauge theory on Poisson manifolds. Some other aspects of classical and quantum noncommutative field theory are also discussed. � Invited lecture given by I.V. Volovich at the Madeira workshop on Noncommutative Infinite


A growing body of literature has noted that cleaner technology solutions are a "win-win strategy" that simultaneously brings benefits to environmental and economic performance. This paper is about pollution prevention and control in Korean industry. It provides a systematic understanding of the determinants of adoption of cleaner technology at the plant level, and suggests policy directions that encourage the adoption of cleaner technology and minimize obstacles to this process within the Korean context. In particular, it explores factors influencing the adoption of cleaner technology in a sampling of Korean plants from the industrial chemicals, and iron and steel sectors. This empirical research provides a pioneering empirical examination of the factors associated with the adoption of cleaner technology in the two most pollution intensive sectors in Korea. The critical role of environmental regulation was observed both as a driver of cleaner technology adoption and as a barrier to such cleaner technology adoption. In particular, the results indicate that motivation, a more flexible approach to implementation, and the perceived intensity of barriers related to the regulatory framework primarily determine the adoption of cleaner technology.


Objective: To describe the experiences of people with TRM and their caregivers about the rehabilitation process. Methodology: Qualitative research with hermeneutic phenomenology as a method of analysis. Information was obtained by inter viewing 12 people with TRM and 11 caregivers. Results: We collected experiences regarding life changes, difficulties, supports and expectations in the rehabilitation process. Consideration was given to body functions and structures, activities, participation and relationship with the environment. Conclusions: Analysis of the experiences of the study population, showed that even if rehabilitation professionals seem to aim for integral rehabilitation, many of them have a restricted view and focus their efforts on the biological component, without considering social inclusion. In addition, institutions do not have the infrastructure or resources required to offer a complete service; they neglect the components of promotion, prevention, and equal opportunities. Recibido: 17 de junio de 2013 Aceptado: 28 de octubre de 2013 Autores: Belkys Angulo Profesora asistente, medico cirujano, especialista en Medicina Fisica y Rehabilitacion, especialista en Docencia Universitaria, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Gloria Patricia Arango Hoyos Profesora auxiliar, fisioterapeuta, maestria en Neurorrehabilitacion, Escuela de Rehabilitacion Humana, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Marcela Bolanos Roldan Profesora asistente, fisioterapeuta, maestria en Neurorrehabilitacion, Especialista en Docencia Universitaria, Escuela de Rehabilitacion Humana, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Consuelo Burbano Lopez Profesora asistente, enfermera. especialista en Cuidado Critico. Escuela de Enfermeria, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Gustavo Echeverry Loaiza Profesor titular, enfermero, magister en Enfermeria con enfasis en adulto y el anciano, Escuela de Enfermeria, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Adriana Reyes Torres Profesora asistente, terapeuta ocupacional, magister en Educacion Superior. Escuela de Rehabilitacion Humana, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Luz Helena Rojas Gonzalez Profesora titular, fisioterapeuta, especialista en Docencia Universitaria, magister en Educacion, Escuela de Rehabilitacion Humana, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Correspondencia: firstname.lastname@example.com Conflictos de interes: Los autores declaran no tener ningun conflicto de intereses. © 2013 Revista Colombiana de Medicina Fisica y Rehabilitacion Rev Col Med Fis Rehab 112 Rev Col Med Fis Rehab Belkys Angulo B. & Cols. Both the TRM patient and their caregiver undergo drastic changes in their lives, however the latter feel excluded from the rehabilitation process. Patients and caregivers also face daily, barriers in the environment in which they operate.


The process of quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum involves a variety of mechanisms which ensure that only correctly folded proteins enter the secretory pathway. Among these are conformation‐screening mechanisms performed by molecular chaperones that assist in protein folding and prevent non‐native (or misfolded) proteins from interacting with other misfolded proteins. Chaperones play a central role in the triage of newly formed proteins prior to their entry into the secretion, retention, and degradation pathways. Despite this stringent quality control mechanism, gain‐ or loss‐of‐function mutations that affect protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum can manifest themselves as profound effects on the health of an organism. Understanding the molecular, cellular, and energetic mechanisms of protein routing could prevent or correct the structural abnormalities associated with disease‐causing misfolded proteins. Rescue of misfolded, "trafficking‐defective", but otherwise functional, proteins is achieved by a variety of physical, chemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches. Pharmacologic chaperones (or "pharmacoperones") are template molecules that may potentially arrest or reverse diseases by inducing mutant proteins to adopt native‐type‐like conformations instead of improperly folded ones. Such restructuring leads to a normal pattern of cellular localization and function. This review focuses on protein misfolding and misrouting related to various disease states and describes promising approaches to overcoming such defects. Special attention is paid to the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor, since there is a great deal of information about this receptor, which has recently emerged as a particularly instructive model.


Corruption is currently perceived as 'one of the greatest evils of our times' (Hough, 2013). It is the enemy of democratic system with which politicians declare a reckless fight and international organizations proclaim thorough tackling of the effectiveness of this fight. Regardless personal experience of giving or not giving an unofficial payment to public official for private gains, most Poles have an opinion about the level of corruption in the country. The literature investigating the causes and consequences of the perception of corruption establishes that a) depending on the context, corruption perception might be different from the experience and behavior b) corruption perception, although being an abstract phenomenon which may not be reflecting the reality, has a direct influence on the attitudes of citizens and their political trust (Heidenheimer, 2002). Thus, corruption appearance is critical with respect to the legitimacy of the political systems and quality of governance. In some respect, the perception of corruption may have a more devastating effects that the corruption experience itself, while it has a potential to generate a 'culture of distrust' in the society (Melgar at al, 2010).


Many cross-organization cooperation applications of blockchain-based distributed ledger technologies (DLT) do not aim at innovation at the cooperation pattern level: essentially the same "business" is conducted by the parties, but this time without a central party to be trusted with bookkeeping. The migration to DLT is expected to have a negative performance impact, but some DLTs, such as Hyperledger Fabric, are accepted to be much better suited performance-wise to such use cases than others. However, with the somewhat surprising, but ongoing absence of application-level performance benchmarks for DLTs, cross-DLT comparison for "classic" workloads and the evaluation of the performance impact of "blockchainification" is still ill-supported. We present the design and Hyperledger Caliper-based open implementation of a full port of the classic TPC-C benchmark to Hyperledger Fabric, complete with a structured approach for transforming the original database schema to a smart contract data model. Initial measurements about the workload characteristics that will affect the design of large-scale performance evaluations are also included.


Cancer is a challenging experience for the clinical team, the patient's family, and especially the patient. Important medical decisions are often made without the patient completely understanding their condition and options, as well as without the clinical team fully appreciating the patient's values that go into making healthcare choices. Family meetings are one way to address these concerns. This chapter will review the importance and benefits to holding a structured family meeting, explore appropriate timing to have a meeting, and discuss the key participants. A detailed discussion follows on how to prepare for the meeting, highlighting an exploration of patient and family values and goals, as well as a premeeting among clinical team members. The structure of the meeting itself is then described, including introductions between the medical team and family, gauging the patient and family's understanding, providing clinical information and recommendations, giving psychosocial support, reconciling medical recommendations with values, and postmeeting debriefing. Throughout the text, specific advice is provided on how to ensure the family meeting is as successful as possible so that patient-centered care is the ultimate priority.


Nano-SiC/MC nylon6 (MCPA6) composites were prepared by in situ anionic polymerization,followed by properties' characterization of composites and morphology. FTIR shows that there is no change in the functional groups of MCPA6 by adding nano- SiC and only physical interaction happening in the composites. SEM reveales that bonding state of the two-phase interface of the composites has been affected by the ratio of nano-SiC. Nano-SiC (2.5 wt-%) is fine dispersed in MCPA6 matrix, which enhances interface compatibility and bind strength between nano-SiC and MCPA6, the best comprehensive properties of the composite are obtained. Comparing with untreated MCPA6, the notched Izod impact strength, tensile strength and flexural strength are respectively increased by 208.8%, 81.1% and 27.9%, while the Vicat softening temperature is increased by 20.2%.


Evidence from paleontology, archaeology and population genetics support that modern humans originated in Africa. While the out-of-Africa event and subsequent colonization of all continents are well ...


Atherosclerosis is the underlying vascular pathology that initiates arterial thromboembolic occlusions (myocardial infarctions, strokes and peripheral vessel blockage). Two imaging modalities, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), were investigated for detection and compositional analysis of unstable plaque associated with plaque erosion and sudden occlusion. OCT produces high resolution images whereas mass spectrometry images provide information on the spatial distribution of chemical elements. Diseased carotid arteries taken from patients with high-risk lesions were imaged with OCT and ToF-SIMS to give molecular and metabolic information, and matched with histopathology. OCT results show clear indications of vascular remodeling by the presence of fatty acid deposits, fibrous tissue and calcifications. ToF-SIMS further characterized changes based on secondary ion topography analysis where a high 23Na/39K ratio was indicative of arterial tissue degradation and the amount of 40Ca corresponded with late stage atherosclerosis. This pilot experiment has demonstrated that in vitro OCT imaging and ToF-SIMS of diseased carotid arteries have scientific merit for targeting clinically relevant morphology and metabolic changes to compare stable and unstable plaque. These optical techniques provide complimentary metabolic and molecular information on unstable plaque, specifically cell break-down with altered ion ratios of 23Na, 39K and 40Ca.


The laser damage resistance of an optical element in high power laser systems depends significantly on the surface quality of the optical substrate. In this experiment, commercially polished fused silica substrates were etched in argon plasma generated by a RF source and their surface roughness, flatness and optical properties were investigated. This method can be applied in a vacuum chamber prior to deposition of the multilayer coatings without breaking the vacuum. It was shown that by etching the resistance to 355 nm, laser radiation could be improved more than 8 times. However, it strongly related with primary substrate quality. The etching depth from 100 nm suggests the optimum performance of surface quality in terms of surface low roughness, high flatness, and high laser damage threshold. These results are of significant importance for the manufacture of high quality laser optics on fused silica substrates. As an example of an application of our technology, anti-reflective and polarizing optical interference coatings were deposited on etched substrates and the increase of their resistance to laser radiation was measured.


and the German equivalent of Franglais, which some of the authors consider necessary. One of the greatest modern hypertexts of the Odyssey is Jean-Luc Godard's μlm Contempt, which the editors brie·y discuss. Its plot hinges on μlming the Odyssey for the big screen, an undertaking that turns out to be as good as impossible. Nevertheless it is the cinema and its o¶shoot, television, that today keep the Homeric epics before the eyes of millions worldwide, if often in rather loose adaptations. But can we ever make the Odyssey our own? Or does its Protean nature as an archetypal narrative resist us, while simultaneously inspiring us to new endeavors, to creations of new hypertexts? From this perspective, Theodoros Angelopoulos's recent μlm Ulysses' Gaze may be the most haunting example of such a hypertext, a profound meditation on the Odyssey, its signiμcance today, and the origins of artistic creation itself. It is the achievement of Godard and Angelopoulos that their μlms leave anyone contemplating such questions with a sense of melancholy.


Calciphylaxis is a condition of induced systemic hypersensitivity in which tissues respond to appropriate challenging agents with calcification (1). The components of this phenomenon are a systemic calcifying agent or sensitizer [parathyroid hormone, vitamin-D compounds, dihydrotachysterol (DHT)] and an inorganic or organic challenger [e.g., CrC13, serotonin]. The challenger is administered during a very specific time interval ("critical period") after the sensitizer. We distinguish 1) topical calciphylaxis, in which the challenger is applied directly to the target, from 2) systemic calciphylaxis, in which the challenger is injected parenterally and acts selectively on certain organs. However, under given circumstances, calciphylaxis can also exert a considerable prophylactic effect against certain toxic compounds. Thus,a fatal generalized soft-tissue calcinosis, normally induced by acute overdosage with DHT, fails to occur if a calciphylactic challenger is brought into contact with a large connective-tissue surface. Chronic DHT-intoxication causes no generalized soft-tissue calcinosis, but a syndrome reminiscent of progeria. Among the changes characteristic of this "progeria-like syndrome" are : a Monckeberg type of generalized arteriosclerosis with calcification in the cartilaginous portions of the ribs, trachea and larynx. Concurrently, there is loss of body weight and atrophy of the sex organs, liver, kidney, thymicolymphatic apparatus, fat and connective tissue. The skin loses its elasticity and exhibits many wrinkles. Dental anomalies, similar to those seen in senile rats, develop and the life span is greatly shortened. Cataracts are rarely observed but pretreatment with DHT sensitizes the rat for the production of cataracts by other agents. Whereas these changes are reminiscent of senility, the associated skeletal lesions are not : osteosclerosis is seen rather than osteoporosis, although the newly formed bone tissue is brittle. The question arose whether calciphylaxis could also protect against this progeria-like syndrome and, if so, whether such a prophylactic effect could be accomplished without any massive calcium deposition in a directly challenged area. For this purpose we used a preparation of iron hydroxide with dextran (FeDex), which is readily diffusible throughout the entire body (2, 3). The intraperitoneally injected iron, administered in the form of Fe-Dex, prevented all the changes resembling progeria and did not cause any selective massive challenge and calcium fixation at the injection site; it formed innumerable minute iron deposits fairly evenly distributed throughout the body, but none of these was apparently so much larger than the others as to compete with them successfully by attracting unabsorbable massive deposits of calcium salts.


Changes in the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards from PSAK 55 to PSAK 71 require banks to use the Expected Credit Loss (ECL) method for the establishment of Allowance for Impairment Losses (CKPN). In the ECL method, banks establish CKPN from the beginning of credit recognition using the forward-looking method on macroeconomic conditions. In Indonesia's current status quo in facing the Covid-19 pandemic, the existence of PSAK has begun to be tested, adjustments must be made to financial accounting standards that are useful for strengthening the line of corporate accountability in Indonesia and able to answer Indonesia's main urgency at this time. The purpose of this paper is to produce a framework that can later become an alternative bank in making decisions for the application of the post model PSAK 71. The method in this study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive design. The consequence of applying PSAK 71 will result in a rise in CKPN on loans, which will have an impact on the company's capital. Because the method used in PSAK No. 71 will use the expected credit loss method to determine the expected credit loss, loans that were not previously formed by CKPN will be formed depending on whether there is credit risk exposure or not, as shown by BBNI and BBTN which are seen in the observation year. This will result in an increase in the amount of CKPN on loans.Since there were banks in BUMN banking that experienced an increase in CKPN on loans as indicated by BBNI and BBTN, but there were also banks that experienced a decrease in the value of CKPN on loans as indicated by BBRI, there is no clear correlation between the application of PSAK 71 and CKPN on credit.


The interest in studies aimed at understanding the integration of the stock market with the economic performance of countries has been growing in recent years, perhaps driven by the recent economic crises faced by the world. Although several studies on the topic have been carried out, the results are still far from a meaningful conclusion. In this sense, this paper considered the dual objective of investigating whether there is significant variance in the economic performance of developed and emerging markets' countries and whether the global risk factors are statistically significant in explaining the variations in their future economic performance over time. From a sample of (i) gross domestic products from BRICS and G7 countries (total of twelve countries), and (ii) returns of the risk factors of developed and emerging stock markets for the period 1993 to 2019, we applied longitudinal regression modeling for five distinct percentiles, and random coefficients modeling (RCM) with repeated measures. We found that risk factors explain the future economic performance, there is significant variation in economic performance over time among countries, and the temporal variation in the random effects of intercepts can be explained by RCM. The results of this study confirm that stock markets follow an integration process and that moderately integrated markets may have the same risk factors. Furthermore, considering that risk factors are related to future GDP growth, they act as proxies for unidentified state variables.


Three different kinds of ibis species are attested from ancient Egypt: the sacred ibis, the glossy ibis, and the northern bald ibis. Pictorial representations of the latter bird—easily recognizable by the shape of its body, the shorter legs, long curved beak, and the typical crest covering the back of the head—were used in writings of the noun akh and related words and notions (e.g., the blessed dead). We can deduce from modern observations that in ancient times this member of the ibis species used to dwell on rocky cliffs on the eastern bank of the Nile, that is, at the very place designated as the ideal rebirth and resurrection region (the akhet). Thus, the northern bald ibises might have been viewed as visitors and messengers from the other world—earthly manifestations of the blessed dead (the akhu). The material and pictorial evidence dealing with the northern bald ibis in ancient Egypt is accurate, precise, and elaborate in the early periods of Egyptian history (until the final phase of the third millennium BCE). Later, the representations of this bird became schematized and do not correspond to nature. Thus, they do not present us with any direct and convincing evidence for the presence of the northern bald ibis in Egypt, and, moreover, they most probably witness both the bird's decline and its disappearance from the country.


Control architectures for manufacturing span a broad range of categories from hierarchical at one extreme to purely heterarchical on the other. Such a range covers a broad spectrum of solutions, from quasi-heterarchical structures to self-organizing systems. This paper describes an agent-based framework that provides the tools and components for fast implementation and testing of various control structures in a manufacturing environment. Typical components include, for example, a generic agent for encapsulation of machine-level control, a configurable decision process for the agents, hierarchical or heterarchical control frameworks. Use of these predefined components enables rapid prototyping and instantiation of system-level control. 1. I N T R O D U C T I O N To stay competitive, manufacturing companies must develop assets that enable production of goods with top productivity and minimal cost. At the same time these systems must exhibit rapid responsiveness to the frequent and unpredictable market variations. To facilitate these challenges, a new paradigm of Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS) was proposed l \ l . The RMS approach proposes quick adjustment of production capacity and functionality by enabling rapid structural system changes, both at the hardware and software levels. To achieve the goals of reconfigurable manufacturing, fast and effective integration of software and hardware components has to be facilitated, enabling not only integration at the manufacturing floor level but also its integration with the rest of the enterprise. This paper presents an implementation, development and testing framework that provides the components to rapidly implement any control structure suitable for a manufacturing environment. 2. B A C K G R O U N D Varying market demands, environmental/societal requirements, and continuing progress of technology define a need for manufacturing control systems that are capable of managing changes effectively and efficiently 121. Such control system architectures must be interoperable and capable of handling a wide variety of data models and applications, as well as conforming to ever-increasing demands on performance requirements of process control applications /3, 4/. The hierarchical and heterarchical systems define two ends of the spectrum for control system organization /5, 6/. Hierarchical systems are known to deliver predictable performance, but being based on a set of fixed rules offer little in terms of flexible strategies. The heterarchical systems 161, on the other hand, inspired by biological analogies and market economies, offer improved responsiveness to disturbances, but often at the cost of sub-optimal solutions and lack of predictability. Another class of approaches /7, 8/, holonic control systems, attempts to combine advantages of hierarchy in distributed structure. All of these control architectures are usually designed up front and do not change while in operation. Any modification of the system structure, such as adding/removing a resource (e.g., a machine) or function, usually requires system shutdown. The speed of disruptive external changes, on the other hand, calls for elimination of such events, which eventually leads to


The effect of five cotton cultivars (Varamin, Mehr, Bakhtegan, Sahel, Saiokra) on the fitness of Tetranychus urticae was assessed by determining the developmental time and fertility life-table parameters for mites on leaf discs at 25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and 16:8 hours light:dark photoperiod. To investigate this effect, the duration of each life stage, longevity, reproduction rate and fertility life-table parameters including intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m), net reproductive rate (R 0), mean generation time (T), doubling time (DT) and finite rate of increase (λ) of the two-spotted spider mite on different cotton cultivars were calculated. The results indicated that the Varamin cultivar was the most suitable one for two-spotted spider mite among the tested plants because of its shorter immature developmental period and higher reproduction and intrinsic rate of natural increase, whereas Bakhtegan was the least suitable cultivar because of the longer immature developmental time and the lowest reproduction rate and intrinsic rate of natural increase. The lowest r m value suggests an antibiosis resistance in this cultivar in comparison with other cultivars.


A real understanding of broadcasting law and regulation requires, among other things, a facility with legal resources. This issue of the Journal offers two detailed and related articles which describe use of the legal research resource related to broadcasting. In this first discussion. Dr. Don R. Le Duc applies his combined legal and communications background to explaining in broad outline what he terms an untapped treasure trove of research material abandoned by the legal profession pursuing current cases, and left to academics for whatever historical, legal, and policy findings can be derived from them. Le Duc breaks his subject into four related steps required of any successful researcher using legal materials and relates specific broadcast law examples for each. Dr. Le Duc is presently associate professor of speech at the Ohio State University. After earning his J.D. and Ph.D. degrees, Le Duc taught two years at the University of Maryland. He takes up his new duties as associate professor of communica...


Scientific advances are often made when researchers identify mathematical or physical commonalities between different fields and are able to apply mature techniques or algorithms developed in one field to another field which shares some of the same challenges. The authors of this paper have identified similarities between the unsolved problems faced in gamma-spectroscopy for automated radioisotope identification and the challenges of the much larger body of research in speech processing. In this paper we describe such commonalities and use them as a motivation for a preliminary investigation of the applicability of speech processing methods to gamma-ray spectra. This approach enables the development of proof-of-concept isotope classifiers, whose performance is presented for both simulated and field-collected gamma-ray spectra.


The development of organic food depends on the acceptability by the consumers.The paper examines the impacts of socioeconomic,demographic characteristics,concerns over food safety and environment of consumers on organic vegetable purchasing behavior using Binary Logit and Ordered Logit regression techniques.Data was collected through a survey in the city of Nanjing.Empirical results show that age,education,cognition level for organic vegetables and concern over the vegetable safety exert great influences on consumers' purchasing behavior.Ordered Logit regression result indicates that factors affecting willingness to pay(WTP) are significantly and positively related to concerns on environmental pollution and experience and negatively related to education,sex,the ranking of importance of price and appearance.


In this study, the environmental influence that blade materials have on the entire wind turbine lifecycle is considered. In order to quantify and compare the effects that a specific material's choice has with respect to one another, Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools are used. Specific focus is addressed on aspects related to the wind turbine rotor-blade and how that affects the whole turbine. The blade lifecycle is divided into five main stages: (1) raw material sourcing, (2) blade manufacturing, (3) blade installation, (4) Operation and Maintenance (O&M) and (5) End-of-Life (EoL). Materials sourcing is found responsible for the largest contribution in Green House Gas (GHG) emission in the turbine and blade lifecycle. Particularly, a case study on a representative blade production in Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy (SGRE) is disclosed and compared to a hypothetical blade production where a recyclable resin system is being used. The lifecycle assessment shows a 28% reduced amount of GHG emissions when the recyclable resin system is employed. By employing such resin system most of blade materials could be separated and re-used at the blade EoL, enabling a 90% blade recycling rate. An even greater advantage of achieving blade circularity is therefore envisioned.