Titanium nitride films deposited by low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) on Si(100) using TiCl4 and NH3 as reactants, were investigated as a function of deposition temperature between 400 and 700 °C. LPCVD TiN depositions were carried out in a rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition system with a total deposition pressure of 155 mTorr. Stoichiometric TiN films were formed regardless of the deposition temperature and composition was uniform across the entire film. Depending on deposition temperature, varying amounts of chlorine (Cl) and oxygen (O) impurities are found in the TiN films. Films deposited at lower temperatures (400 and 550 °C) contained more than 5 at. % Cl, while the films produced at 700 °C contained as little as 1 at. % Cl. For the films deposited at 650 and 700 °C, the bulk of the TiN films is oxygen‐free. LPCVD TiN deposition rates of 400 A/min with no appreciable incubation time were routinely achieved. The LPCVD TiN deposition process is surface reaction controlled with an act...


We compare two rotationally invariant decomposition techniques on linear polarization data:
the spin-2 spherical harmonic decomposition in two opposite parities, the E- and B-mode,
and the multiscale analysis of the gradient of linear polarization, |∇ P|. We demonstrate that
both decompositions have similar properties in the image domain and the spatial frequency
domain. They can be used as complementary tools for turbulence analysis of interstellar
magnetic fields in order to develop a better understanding of the origin of energy sources for
the turbulence, the origin of peculiar magnetic field structures and their underlying physics.
We also introduce a new quantity |∇EB| based on the E- and B-modes and we show that
in the intermediate- and small-scale limit |∇EB| |∇ P|. Analysis of the 2.3 GHz S-band
Polarization All Sky Survey shows many extended coherent filament-like features appearing
as 'double jumps' in the |∇ P| map that are correlated with negative and positive filaments of
B-type polarization. These local asymmetries between the two polarization types, E and B, of
the non-thermal Galactic synchrotron emission have an influence on the E- and B-mode power
spectra analyses. The wavelet-based formalism of the polarization gradient analysis allows us
to locate the position of E- or B-mode features responsible for the local asymmetries between
the two polarization types. In analysed subregions, the perturbations of the magnetic field are
trigged by star clusters associated with H II regions, the Orion–Eridanus superbubble and the
North Polar Spur at low Galactic latitude.


Abstract The goal of this research was to classify cardiac excitation patterns during atrial fibrillation (AFib). For this purpose, virtual models of intracardiac mapping catheters were moved across in-silico cardiac tissue to extract local activation times (LATs) of each catheter electrode from simulated cardiac action potential (AP) signals. The resulting LAT patterns consisting of the LATs of all electrodes resemble patterns measured in clinical cases. The LATs represent the input information for features that were used to separate four different excitation patterns during AFib. Those four excitation patterns were plane wave, ectopic focus (spherical wave), rotor (spiral wave) and block. A feature selection algorithm was used to investigate the features concerning their power to classify the different simulated excitation patterns. The scores of the selected features were used to train and optimize a support vector machine (SVM). The optimized and cross-validated SVM was then used to classify the simulated cardiac excitation patterns. The achieved overall classification accuracy of this SVM model was 98.4 %.


Huge marketing events may be used by their sponsors to provide vast masses of people with extraordinary and memorable experiences that have a powerful impact on a brand image. Music festivals have a considerable potential in th s respect. This paper demonstrates how participants of Pol'and'Rock Festival see this event in the marketing dimension and how t ey perceive activities performed by sponsors. The auth ors conducted survey research, the results of which showed that festival participants recognis e and accept marketing activities carried out by the event organiser and sponsors. The majori ty f respondents are aware of the fact that they could not attend concerts free of charge without financial support provided by sponsors. The results of the research not only serv e as a basis for further, in-depth scientific analyses, but also enable the festival organiser an d its partners to gain knowledge of how to perform marketing activities in an effective manner .


To get better understanding of TBM construction risk and avoid it, comprehensive analysis and summary of various factors to TBM construction risk were made in three aspects, such as geological and hydrological conditions, TBM equipment, construction team of TBM. Based on the detailed presentation of hydrological conditions, the corresponding demands of TBM equipment and construction team were put forward. Emphatically from the two aspects of bad geological and countermeasures, design of TBM equipment, corresponding strategies to avoid all kinds of risk were proposed. Using Taiwan Hsuehshan Tunnel as the class project, this paper introduced and analyzed the construction risk and of solutions to it, with the hoping of providing guidance for TBM design, risk analysis and evade of construction and other aspects.


Laser spot bonding is an approach to weld transparent materials at micro level or bonding in/for MEMs devices. This manuscript intends to investigate the dynamics of welding procedure in transparent materials with ultrafast lasers acting as the heat source. Spot bonding takes place when a laser beam creates a molten pool of the two materials to be bonded and subsequently the molten materials interact, gel with each other and solidify to create a bond. Thus, predicting the correct amount of molten matter is highly important for a reliable bond. Proper understanding of ultrafast laser matter interaction will provide the means to define ultrafast laser parameters for controlled molten volume leading to controlled bonding strength. This study will utilize the non linear breakdown caused by ultrafast lasers in borosilicate glass to determine the temperature profile and estimate the radial weld area. A finite element (FE) model of the system is presented and solved in ANSYS to estimate the weld area in borosilicate glass strips under action of a single ultrafast laser pulse. The effects of the focusing location of the laser beam, laser process parameters (energy level, focusing lens, pulse width) and material properties (optical and thermal absorptivity) will be discussed.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


This study investigated the effects of biosurfactant produced by a mangrove isolate on a heavy metal spiked soil remediation using two different methods of biosurfactant addition (pretreatment and direct application) at different concentrations (0.5%–5%) for 10 days employing column and batch method of washings. The FT-IR spectral and biochemical analysis confirmed the chemical nature of biosurfactant as a glycolipid. Pre-addition of biosurfactant at 0.5% concentrations and further incubation for a month resulted in better chromium removal than the direct biosurfactant washing method. A maximum recovery of lead (99.77%), nickel (98.23%), copper (99.62%), and cadmium (99.71%) were achieved with column washing method at 1% biosurfactant concentration. Release of 26% soluble fractions of nickel (pre-addition with biosurfactant) and 40% copper (direct application) were achieved by column washing method at 1.0% concentration of biosurfactant. A total of 0.034 mg/10 g of lead, 0.157 mg/10 g of nickel, 0.022 mg/10 g of copper, 0.025 mg/10 g of cadmium, and 0.538 mg/10 g of chromium were found to remain in the spiked soil after column washing with 1.0% biosurfactant solution. However, pre-addition of 0.5% biosurfactant treatment helps in maximum removal of chromium metal leaving a residual concentration of 0.426 mg/10 g of soil, suggesting effective removal at very low concentration. The average extraction concentration of metals in batch washings was between 93–100%, irrespective of the concentration of biosurfactant studied. In this study, the percentage removal of copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead from spiked soils by column washing was comparatively lower than batch washing.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a brake shoe for a spot-type disc brake, in particular, a floating caliper brake with the lining carrying plate (1) having a brake lining on its front side is being applied to the brake disc, Furthermore, regarding the floating caliper brake noise attenuation means. To further improve the noise attenuation, lining carrying plate (1) comprises at its radial contact (3,10) is formed of a suitable material towards the housing of the brake-bearing member arm portion and / or a brake and has noise attenuation radially layer (9). Furthermore, noise attenuation layer (9) is provided by the biasing portion of the damping plate (4) (8).


In this paper a methodology to solve the problem of optimal placement of phasor measurement units (Phasor Measurements Units - PMUs) in electric transmission systems, is presented. The problem is formulated as a binary linear optimization model, where the objective function to be minimized is the cost of installing of PMUs, subject to compliance with a level of redundancy in the measurements. The model is solved using the simulated annealing algorithm. The methodology is applied to IEEE 57-bus system, obtaining results that support the validity of the proposed methodology.


Optical microscopy of recently living and cleared material of the fucoid, Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis, revealed novel aspects of its interaction with the ascomycete Mycophycias ascophylli (Cotton) Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer (previously Mycosphaerella ascophylli Cotton). Most host cells are associated with hyphae by lateral attachment of cell walls. Hyphae form extensive networks throughout the host thallus and show considerable differentiation in the various host tissues. In the base of epidermal cells, hyphae form multicellular rings around each host cell to produce a continuous network. In medullary regions, long, relatively unbranched and longitudinally aligned hyphae occur, with radial branches extending into cortical regions. Scattered in the inner cortex of host tissue are numerous multicellular nodes of smaller, polygonal to irregular shaped cells with five or more radiating arms of hyphae. Individual hyphal cells show a variety of specializations including swellings and appressoria-like attachments to some host cells. These observations provide the morphological basis for the mutualistic symbiosis supported by recent experimental work. We conclude that this association is best described by the term "ymbiotum."


A series of polyoxetanes were prepared by the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 4-(4-alkoxyphenylazo)phenyl 4-[7-(3-methyl-3-oxetanyl)-1,6-dioxaheptyl]benzoates using 0.08 molar amount of THF·BF3 in dichloromethane at 20 to 30 °C. Although the product polymers indicated GPC-average molecular weights of around 9000 to 23000, in most cases, they did not have an unimodal molecular weight dispersity. The liquid-crystalline mesophases of the polymers were examined by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy; these textures were observed due to nematic and/or smectic mesophases over a wide temperature range from about 250 °C to room temperature. The benzoate moiety, the longer p-substituted alkoxy tails, and the oxetane main chain play important roles in maintaining highly ordered, stable mesophases.


: This research is based on Discovery Learning on environmental pollution material and aims to produce Student Worksheets to determine the feasibility test. This feasibility was tested by media experts and material experts, as well as by teachers and students. This type of research is based on the research and development (R&D) improvement of the ADDIE research model. The research sample amounted to 36 students. The instruments used are media and material validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires and teacher response questionnaires, and the feasibility of discover learning-based Student Worksheets based on pretest and posttest. The data analysis technique of this research is quantitative and qualitative. The validation results found that the development of this Student Worksheet was at the stage of the feasibility of the Student Worksheet material with an average of 82.00% of the most appropriate definition criteria and media experts assessed an average of 88.00% of the average percentage of the most probable criteria. Discovery learning based on the teacher's response to environmental pollution, the importance of the Student Worksheet is 82.75% with very interesting conditions. The level of validity assessed by the teacher on this Student Worksheet is obtained by a percentage of 90.00% which is stated to be very practical. And lastly, the results of the pretest and posttest showed that it was 0.74 where this number indicates that the two tests are stated to be very practical. With the average achievement of the pretest getting an average value of 8.92 while the average posttest score getting an increase of 9.72, therefore with the test questions it was found that students experienced an increase in knowledge after using the Participant Worksheet. Discovery Learning-based students on environmental pollution material.


Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as an independent risk factor. The increased insulin resistance induced by the HCV core protein or the treatment with interferon-based therapy (IBT) may have a role (1). It is generally agreed that IBT for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) may trigger short-term insulin resistance. However, the long-term risk of developing T2D for CHC patients with IBT remains unclear. Studies suggested that if viral clearance is achieved after IBT, the risk of T2D might be reduced by two-thirds in CHC patients (2,3). An Italian study argued that a lower insulin resistance at baseline may be the reason for reduced risk of T2D (4). We therefore conducted a retrospective cohort study, using insurance claims data of Taiwan, to examine 1 ) whether CHC patients are at an elevated risk of developing T2D and 2 ) whether CHC patients receiving IBT are at a reduced risk of T2D, not only through viral clearance but also through possible alterations of glucose metabolism.

The health insurance of Taiwan is a universal insurance system with 99% of all 23 million residents covered. We used a subset of claims data of 1 million beneficiaries randomly selected from all residents to …


A one-dimension furnace test bench experiment is conducted to study the Chitosan sorbent's adsorption efficiency of mercury in coal-fired flue gas. In this work, the method of Ontario Hydro and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry is used to analyze the form distribution and content of the mercury in the flue gas of coal combustion. At the same time, three kinds of modified Chitosan(CS)sorbents are prepared to remove the mercury in the flue gas. The results show that the element mercury is more than bivalent mercury and the ratio is 3:2. The CS sorbents can adsorb Hg0. The mercury adsorption efficiency is 96.34% at 80℃, especially the CS can remove the SOx and NOx simultaneously. The chitosan, it's a new and effective adsorption in the field of heavy metal removing in flue gas.


The financial impact at one institution of the use of low-osmolality contrast agents was analyzed. The impact is major, and several proposals for action are discussed.


The healthcare sector in India has come of age. There has been a tremendous amount of growth in terms of physical size, investments, expenditures and utilization of healthcare services. However, health planners and policy makers have failed to take a holistic picture of the health services in the country. There was no attempt in post-independence period to radically restructure healthcare services. Health sector is complex with multiple goals, multiple products and different beneficiaries. In recent times, Privatization and liberalization characterize the new economic policies being pursued in the country. This research paper attempts to study the decline of the public health facilities and uncontrolled expansion of the private health sector since the adoption of economic reforms programme in India.


Efforts to understand the heterogeneous group of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) have led to the identification of two major molecular subtypes based on the gene expression profile (GEP) related to different cells of origin (COO) either in germinal center (GCB) or activated B-cells (ABC) (1, 2). In addition to the GEP, these two molecular subtypes differ in the activation of different molecular pathways, profile of chromosomal alterations and somatic mutations. GCB tumors rely preferentially on the activation of the PI3K pathway and BCL6 overexpression whereas ABC tumors have a constitutive activation of the NFkB through different mechanisms including the activation of the BCR signaling pathway (3-7). These biological differences translate into different patient outcomes, with most of the studies showing worse prognosis for ABC than GCB-DLBCL even after the introduction of Rituximab (1, 2). The recognition of these two molecular subtypes is becoming more relevant with the progressive development of new therapeutic strategies that may preferentially benefit one of the two subtypes (6). Based on these perspectives, the updated 2016 WHO classification now requires that pathologists recognize these two DLBCL subtypes in the clinical practice, although the methodology to fulfil this need is not yet clearly established (8).


5 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 8 INTRODUCTION General introduction to Alzheimer's disease 9 Tau protein and neurofibrillary tangles 10 Tau phosphorylation 11 Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) Regulation of Cdk5 11 Physiological function of Cdk5 13 Cdk5 in neurodegeneration 14 Glycogen synthase kinase 3β Regulation of Gsk3β 16 Physiolocigal function of Gsk3β 17 Gsk3β in neurodegeneration 17 Mitogen-activated protein kinases 18 Amyloid precursor protein and amyloid plaques 18 Amyloid cascade hypothesis 20 Link between Aβ and tau phosphorylation 21 Treatment strategies 22 Assays for tau phosphorylating kinases 24 AIMS OF THE STUDY 25 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The retinoic acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor differentiated SH-SY5Y cell line as a model for Alzheimer's disease-like tau phosphorylation 26 Glutamate treatment and p25 transfection increase Cdk5 mediated tau phosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells 28 Increased tau phosphorylation at the S epitope after Aβ-exposure in organotypic cultures 30 Identification of non-muscle myosin heavy chain as a substrate for Cdk5 and tool for drug screening 32 GENERAL DISCUSSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 34 MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell cultures, transfections and treatments 37 Western blot 38 Immunoprecipitation 39 Scintillation Proximity Assay 39 Immunohistochemistry 40 Fluoro-Jade B staining 40 Mass spectrometry 40 Statistics 41 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 42 REFERENCES 43


At long last we have a book that, in considerable detail and based on original documents, shows the biases and preconceptions of post-World War II modernization/ development theory. Nils Gilman's Mandarins of the Future traces the roots and origins of the post-World War II and Cold War-inspired development theory that dominated the field of Comparative Politics from the 1950s to the 1970s. Moreover his is not an ideologically-based, and uninformed attack on development theory like some others in the past, but a well-informed and balanced view that enlightens facets of the history, politics, and sociology of the discipline not known before. Gilman shows that in the early 1950s aftermath of the Chinese civil war and the Korean conflict, and fearful that Marxism might also triumph in such key countries as India, the Philippines, Egypt, and Indonesia, American scholars and diplomats sought to fashion a non(or anti-) communist model of modernization that would appeal to the developing world. This was not a case of United States government and intelligence agencies subverting scholarship on the Third World for nefarious Cold War purposes or of imposing their own paradigm on the field, but of a symbiosis of interests between scholars and government. Most leading scholars shared the view that the United States could and should (our "missionary" foreign policy history) assist the Third World in achieving development and a liberal, pluralist form of government. Their activist stand emerged not just out of the desire for USG funding but also from the activist, Charles Merriam and New Deal-inspired view at that time of the social sciences. The field of development studies was dominated by this same, very American, liberal, activist-interventionist view of the world which, its proponents argued, was both moral and scientific. Gilman's book utilizes three case studies to illustrate his theses about the biases of the dominant developmentalist paradigm. These are the Harvard University Department of Social Relations and the intellectual origins of modernization theory in the writings of Talcott Parsons (functionalism, the "pattern variables"); the Social Science Research Council's Committee on Comparative Politics (Gabriel Almond, Lucian Pye et. al) which powerfully shaped the field in the 1950s and 1960s; and the MIT Center for International Studies which produced such influential development scholars as W. W. Rostow, Max Milliken, Ithiel de Sola Pool and others. At one point Gilman says he thought of adding to his case study list the University of Chicago's Committees on the Comparative Study of New Nations (Edward Shils, David Apter, Clifford Geertz) but found most of the documentation still unavailable. Doubtless others would have additional candidates for this list: the Ford Foundation which supported a great deal of politically biased development work, the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID) founded and still powerfully shaped by Rostow's assumptions, the Harvard-MIT Joint Seminar on Political Development (JOSPOD) which over a forty year period brought together Cambridge-area scholars interested in development issues, the Alliance for Progress and the Washington Consensus both grounded on developmentalist conceptions, others.


Incompleteness theorems of Gödel, Turing, Chaitin, and Algorithmic Information Theory have profound epistemological implications. Incompleteness limits the ability of evolutionary processes to find optimal solutions.


Over the past decade, the demand by commercial, military and consumers for use of the electromagnetic spectrum has literally exploded. The most obvious examples are digital cellular telephony and WiFi, both of which have become ubiquitous in developed and less developed countries around the world within a very short time. And there is no indication that this growth in spectrum-dependent technology will abate soon. Tracking devices, machines that can "talk" to one another, exchanging information, are being deployed as we speak.

Unfortunately, the systems we use in the US and worldwide to allocate and manage spectrum is bending under the strain these demands place on the system. Government allocation of spectrum, either by "beauty contests" (traditional) or auction (more recent) has failed to keep up with the growth in demand. Even worse, government allocation has led to an extraordinarily inefficient use of this valuable resource. Large swathes of spectrum are underutilized and beyond our reach even while the demand for wireless voice and data services strains existing wireless providers beyond their capacity.


Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is a disease that borders between a myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasia (MPN). It is a progressive condition: about 20% of CMML patients progress to secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (sAML), which has a very poor prognosis. In all cases, normal bone marrow function is compromised with resulting depletion of circulating erythrocytes and platelets. We modelled the dynamics of CMML at two levels: a cytokinetic model was developed that describes bone marrow cell population dynamics for multiple cell lineages, and changes in DNA mutational status that occur in MDS and CMML. This model, in conjunction with pharmacokinetic (PK) models for cytotoxic drugs and hypomethylating agents, was used to study the pharmacodynamics (PD) of these drugs. For the subset of CMML with loss of activity of TET2, our models suggest that TET2 activators may restore normal DNA methylation with a resulting antileukaemic effect. Mouse and human data were used to place bounds on the parameters of our model. Our modelling suggests that both hypomethylation and cytotoxic effects contribute to the antileukaemic activity of decitabine.


What role, if any, do causal notions play in physics? On the one hand, it might appear intuitively obvious that physics aims to provide us with causal knowledge of the world and that causal claims are an integral part of physics. On the other hand, there is an influential philosophical tradition, dating back to Ernst Mach and to Bertrand Russell's extremely influential article "On the Notion of Cause" (1912), denying the applicability or at least the usefulness of causal notions in physics. While this tradition is perhaps not as dominant today than it once was, there continues to be a lively and active philosophical debate on whether causal notions can play a legitimate role in physics and, if yes, what role that might be. This entry surveys the main arguments in this debate focusing in particular on arguments appealing to putatively distinguishing characteristics of theorizing in physics.


Author(s): Granado, Alma | Advisor(s): Saldivar, Jose David | Abstract: This dissertation is a study on the topics of migration, power, and subjectivity in Chicana/o literature. Much critical cultural studies work which focuses on (im)migration in Chicana/o cultural texts has tended to portray it as an emancipatory project, and thus, has forgone a more complex understanding of this movement. I analyze Tomas Rivera's short stories, Arturo Islas's The Rain God, Salvador Plascencia's The People of Paper, and Helena Maria Viramontes's Their Dogs Came With Them to examine how these narratives depict migration not only in its physical and geographical dimensions, but also as a psychological, gendered, queered, often violent, ideological movement that is shaped by contradicting sources of power and material realities. I argue that these narratives embed the various aspects of this migration in their form, including through a migratory narrative structure, metafiction, skeptical fantasy, and editorial excision. Through the lens of women of color, queer, and political theories, I contend that this literature embodies the tension between transnational and global circuits of power on the one hand and the simultaneous reinforcement of sovereignty, territoriality, and the law on the other to reveal within these narratives moments of resistance and complicity in dominant ideologies like patriarchy, cultural nationalism, and limited expressions of citizenship. I contend that this literature necessarily reproduces this tension in fractured narrative forms that theorize power and lay bare how Chicana/o writers posit both literary and embodied protests to hegemonic formations of power.


It is the individualistic approach which prevails in previous analysis of the problem of ethics in
economy. The problem of the ethical attitude concerns individuals, business people, managers,
politicians and economists. The publications about business ethics lack analysis of system
circumstances in which individuals and companies act. If capitalism is just the power of capital owners
over workers and if, according to Schumpeter, it is "the civilization of inequality and of the family
fortune", than it can be easily judged as a system of predominantly unethical tendencies.
Nevertheless, it is worth raising questions about ethical character of various types of capitalism.
Participation capitalism is one which ensures (nearly) full employment, a social minimum wage
for everyone and the real power of society including workers' participation in decision processes.
The structural conditions of such capitalism force and even encourage ethical behaviour.
The capitalism of the protective state was founded by J.M. Keynes, W. Beveridge
and Will Hutton with his stakeholder capitalism. Many European countries approach this standard of
capitalism.
Predacious capitalism (turbo-capitalism) is a maximum-profit-oriented capitalism with no regard
to social costs. The nearest example is the post-Reagan American capitalism.
Polish capitalism fails to pass muster even in regard to the liberal capitalism.


Freight car demand has peaked. Deliveries are expected to decline in 1997, drop again in 1998 and could dip again in 1999. The market likely will flatten out, and stay flat, through 2001. The analysis sounds ominous, and yet, car builders strive to keep flat market in historical perspective by looking at the following numbers: 40-45,000 cars for the next couple of years, compared to 11,508 new cars delivered 20 years ago; as recently as 1992, deliveries fell short of 26,000 cars. Not everything about the post-boom freight-car picture is rosy. Consolidation, electric utility deregulation and a less than robust economy continue to breed uncertainty industrywide. The article examines some of the ways car builders are looking past their recent successes and focusing on the big picture of meeting the needs of the customers, as customer success means success for the industry.


This paper was originally published in Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1997; 10:247–53. Figure 1 on p.248 was mislabelled in respect to the right and left ventricles. The correct figure is given. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology


Cultural Collections in the Russian State Military Archive, David E. Fishman, Mark Kupovetsky, and Vladimir Kuzelenkov, eds. (Scranton, PA: University of Scranton Press [dist. University of Chicago Press] in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the Jewish Theological Seminary, 2011), xiv þ 291 pp., cloth $30.00. The end of the Cold War brought about a major turning point in the historiography of the Holocaust. Drawing on documents from newly-opened archives in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, scholars have expanded their research on many fronts. But while numerous studies over the last twenty years focus primarily on the German perpetrators and their collaborators, historians have realized the dangers of objectifying the victims (as the Nazis did) and increasingly have turned to Jewish history and culture in order to understand better the victims' responses. Therefore, "it is no longer acceptable for general histories of the Holocaust to overlook the fact that the victims were real people with emotions and varying responses to persecution," as Dan Stone asserts in his recent historiography. The holdings of the Russian State Military Archive (RGVA) described by David Fishman, Mark Kupovetsky (professors of Jewish studies), and Vladimir Kuzelenkov (director of the RGVA) attest to the diversity and richness of European Jewish culture before it was nearly destroyed by the Germans in World War II, and may aid researchers restore the proper balance between the perspectives of perpetrators and their victims. The "Jewish Archives" contain documents originating from international Jewish organizations, Jewish organizations in individual countries, Jewish individuals, and Nazi institutions dealing with Jewish-related issues. According to the editors, the Nazi-looted files were designated to help the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) build a database of "Enemies of the Reich" and to furnish information for the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR) in its research on the "Jewish Question." Much of the material was discovered by the Red Army during its advance into Central Europe in 1945, and transferred to the newly-established Central State Archive of the Soviet Union (itself incorporated into the RGVA in 1999), where it joined Polish records previously taken in 1939. From 1946 into the 1960s the archive received additional masses of material, so that the arduous work of sorting, ordering, cataloguing, and determining country of origin has continued until today. Nevertheless, the RGVA repatriated collections to Eastern European countries and France as early as the 1950s and 1960s, and began repatriation to other Western European countries in 1992. It also published a first three-volume Russian-language guide in 1973. Unfortunately, there are serious problems with the title Nazi-Looted Jewish Archives, and with the historical part of the foreword. The title is misleading because it does not reflect the fact that at least a portion of the documents at the


Traditional testimony and electronic endorsements are extremely challenging to uphold and defend, and there is a problem with challenging authentication. The identity of the student is typically not recognized when it comes to requirements for access to a student's academic credentials that are scattered over numerous sites. This is an issue with cross-domain authentication methods. On the one hand, whenever the volume of cross-domain authentication requests increases dramatically, the response time can become intolerable because of the slow throughput associated with blockchain mechanisms. These systems still do not give enough thought to the cross-domain scenario's anonymity problem. This research proposes an effective cross-domain authentication mechanism called XAutn that protects anonymity and integrates seamlessly through the present Certificate Transparency (CT) schemes. XAutn protects privacy and develops a fast response correctness evaluation method that is based on the RSA (Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman) cryptographic accumulator, Zero Knowledge Proof Algorithm, and Proof of Continuous work consensus Algorithm (POCW). We also provide a privacy-aware computation authentication approach to strengthen the integrity of the authentication messages more securely and counteract the discriminatory analysis of malevolent requests. This research is primarily used to validate identities in a blockchain network, which makes it possible to guarantee their authenticity and integrity while also increasing security and privacy. The proposed technique greatly outperformed the current methods in terms of authentication time, period required for storage, space for storage, and overall processing cost. The proposed method exhibits a speed gain of authentication of roughly 9% when compared to traditional blockchain systems. The security investigation and results from experiments demonstrate how the proposed approach is more reliable and trustworthy.


A preliminary view was raised that the influence factors of groundwater vulnerability was determined by the inherent vulnerability assessment factors and the specific vulnerability assessment factors. The inherent vulnerability assessment factors included 5 assessment units: soil properties,characteristics of the vadose zone,aquifer characteristics,recharge amount and terrain. The specific vulnerability assessment factor was the assessment unit of the regional characteristics. Each assessment unit was confirmed by the experts,who are from the government and scientific research units. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was applied to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability. Based on the results,the vulnerability evaluation results were visually presented on GIS. A good commonality, easy operation, clear information of the regional groundwater vulnerability assessment methods was formed. Changzhou taken as an example to assess its shallow groundwater vulnerability with this method. The results show that the groundwater vulnerability of Changzhou gradually increased from north to south,and the area of highest vulnerability was the southernmost of Changzhou. The areas of lowest valnerability was located in most parts of north and a few parts of northeast of Changzhou. The local sensitivity and global sensitivity analysis results showed high sensitivity of the indicators of most of the assessment units except the soil composition,which indicated that the assessment method was reliable and accurate.


Such properties as the dimensionless,common input and output between engine and torque converter,and traction of tractor are simulated on rolling impact compaction machines.From the simulation results,it is indicated that the intersect between torque property curve of engine and input torque curve of torque converter is a common stable working point,whereas the working scope is the maximum covering area of both curves.In addition,the maximum speeds of the first,the second and the reverse gears are 11.054,35.44,14.812 km·h-1,respectively.In this case,the maximum effective traction power is 54 kW,the maximum traction efficiency is 53%,the rated slip-ratio is 29%,the traction force regarding the maximum output power of torque converter is 61 kN,the maximum traction force subject to additional conditions is 83 kN.


We fabricated thin films of Au and Ta/Au with thicknesses of 30 nm and 5 nm/30nm, respectively on Si(100) or Si(111) substrates using a dc magnetron sputtering system. Grain sizes, roughness and conductivity for Au thin films are measured as a function of the annealing temperatures. We observed that the grain size of samples enlarged and the surface became rougher with increasing annealing temperature. The grain size and roughness were improved in the structure of Si/Ta/Au than Si/Au. Furthermore, the Si(100) substrate was more effective for decreasing the resistance for Ta/Au system than Si(111) substrate. We confirm that by inserting a Ta buffer layer in Si(100)/Au, surface roughness was reduced and by adjusting the annealing temperature the grain size were enlarged. Consequently, the Au thin-film has improved conductivity.


In South Azerbaijan literature there exists such points linked with classic heritage that that have natural supervision. The reason is that the researches in the South have the chance of the Persian and Arabian sources in the original. From other side, the main expression form of the classic literary heritage the traditions of divan genre proceeded in the South for some period of time, and by the image of Shahriyar reached to a new summit.


Based on the perspective of parasocial interaction and idolatry,this article explores the relationship between the entrepreneur's Weibo information quality and fans' brand attitude. The results shows that the information accuracy,appropriateness and readability of entrepreneurs' Weibo have a direct positive influence on parasocial interaction,but there is a big difference as to their influences on fans' brand attitude. The information accuracy and the appropriateness have no direct significant influence on the fans' brand attitude,and the information readability does have a direct positive influence on fans' brand attitude. The idolatry has a positive moderating role in the relationship between entrepreneurs' Weibo information readability and parasocial interaction,and in the relationship between readability and brand attitude.


An alignment device for aligning a machine stand according to a predetermined desired machining direction and a predetermined desired working point is used with a machine stand, having a guide column for guiding a carriage having mounted thereon machine, or guided on the machine frame by means of which guide columns slide machine. The machine frame may be particularly a drill in particular a drill stand and run it machine. Consequently, it may be in the predetermined target direction of machining and the predetermined desired working point, in particular to a predetermined desired drilling direction and act in a predetermined target Tapping Centers. The desired working point is located in a work plane, relative to the machine frame or the machine is guided to align. The alignment device includes attachment means for removably attaching the alignment device on the machine stand or of the guided on the machine column machine, display means for displaying an actual machine direction and an actual machining point and means of orientation which are adapted to a deviation or conformity of the actual machining direction of or indicated. with the planned processing direction.


1. Report on Murrain in Horned Cattle, the Public Sale of Diseased Animals, and the Effects of the Consumption of their Flesh upon Human Health. Addressed to the Right Hon. the President of the General Board of Health. By E. Headlam Greenhow, M.l)., Lecturer on Public Health at St. Thomas's Hospital, &c.?London, 1857. pp. 78. 2. The Cattle Plague and Diseased Meat, in their relations ivith the Public Health, and with the interests of Agriculture. A Letter to the Right Hon. Sir George Grey, Bart., &c. By Joseph Sampson Gamgee, Staff-Surgeon of the First Class, and Principal Medical Officer of the British Italian Legion during the last War, &c., &c. ?London, 1857. pp. 41. 3. The Cattle Plague and Diseased Meat, &c. A Second Letter to Sir


In this work we analyze the average guesswork for the problem of hashed password cracking (i.e., finding a password that has the same hash value as the actual password), when averaging over all hash functions whose effective distribution is i.i.d. Bernoulli(p) for any strategy of guessing passwords one by one (i.e., the fractions of passwords that are hashed to any bin, correspond to a probability mass function, which is i.i.d. Bernoulli(p)). We analyze the average guesswork under both online and offline attacks by deriving upper and lower bounds on the average guesswork as a function of the bins to which passwords are hashed, along with the most likely average guesswork, that is, the average guesswork of the most likely set of bins. Furthermore, we provide a concentration result that shows for this problem, that the probability mass function of guesswork is concentrated around its mean value. These results give quantifiable bounds for the effect of bias as well as the number of users on the average guesswork of a hash function, and show that increasing the number of users has a far worse effect than bias in terms of the average guesswork. However, when there exists a backdoor mechanism that enables "beamforming" certain passwords to the least likely bins, bias can in fact increase the average guesswork.


The high-quality pansharpened image with both high spatial resolution and high spectral fidelity is highly desirable in various applications. However, existing pansharpening methods may lead to spatial distortion and spectral distortion. To measure the degrees of distortion caused by the pansharpening methods, we conduct in-deep studies on the subjective and objective quality assessment of pansharpened images. We built a subjective database consisting of 360 images generated from 20 couples of panchromatic (PAN)/multispectral (MS) images using 18 pansharpening methods. Based on the database, we proposed a no-reference quality assessment method to blindly predict the quality of pansharpened images via opinion-unaware learning. The proposed method first extracted features from the MS images' spectral bands and typical information indexes which comprehensively reflect spatial distortion, spectral distortion, and the effects of pansharpening on applications. Based on the features extracted from the pristine MS image training dataset, a benchmark multivariate Gaussian (MVG) model is learned. The distance between the benchmark MVG and the MVG fitted on the test image is calculated to measure the quality. The experimental results show the superiority of our method on our database.


Non-muscle invasive (NMI) urothelial cancer (UC) of the bladder has been responsive to intravesical therapy with live microorganisms (e.g. BCG) for well over 40 years [1] through mechanisms that induce direct cytotoxicity and more importantly, stimulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems. However, in view of repeated shortages of BCG [2] and because roughly 30–40% of patients, particularly those with high risk disease, either do not respond to or cannot tolerate repetitive BCG instillations, [3, 4] there is need for other treatments of intermediate and high risk NMI UC. A series of articles by a British group using Coxsackievirus A21 intravesical therapy may provide a promising answer, at least based on preliminary mechanistic/translational data [5, 6]. It should be noted that the authors have not carried out needed studies to establish clinical efficacy, and there are reasons to believe that based on mechanistic studies, not all tumors will respond. However, this still represents a highly promising and welcome approach to treatment. Annels and colleagues have demonstrated that Coxsackievirus A21, a naturally occurring RNA virus that causes the common cold, in vitro, in vivo in animal models, and when placed intravesically in patients can bind to ICAM-1 which is expressed only on the tumor cell's surface (and not on the


A variety of bromophenol derivatives with bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic scaffold is synthesized and evaluated for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity.


This article addresses the question of how the community of faith (the church, etc.) should respond to the world in crisis. It provides a spiritual perspective on this crisis rather than a full description of the problems and how to solve them. It draws upon the life and teaching of Jesus to discern how to respond to our troubled world, noting that Jesus too lived in a world in crisis. The article underlines that Jesus fully lived the "more excellent way" described by Paul in First Corinthians. The community of faith responds with a thoughtful faith, hope grounded in salvation history (i.e., the entrance of God into human affairs, from Abraham to the present), and unconditional love, following the example of Jesus. In these ways, the community of faith helps mitigate "a world in crisis" and empowers faithful followers to flourish.


In order to investigate damage mechanism of sperm after cryopreservation(-196℃),we used 10% EG( ethylene glycol) as cryoprotectant,Cortland as extender,and two-step cooling procedure to cryopreserve Lateolabrax maculatus sperm in 0. 25 m L straws. The motility of fresh sperm and frozen-thawed sperm was detected by microscopy and the enzyme activities by reagent kits. The results showed that there were no significant differences between fresh sperm and frozen-thawed sperm of freezing for 15 d or 30 d in motility. The activation rate,moving time and life-span of fresh sperm were( 92. 67 ± 2. 52) %,( 15. 75 ± 1. 25) min and( 20. 67 ± 1. 76) min,and( 86. 67 ± 3. 79) %,( 15. 08 ± 0. 72) min and( 19. 83 ± 1. 44) min of frozen-thawed sperm for freezing 15 d,and( 86. 00 ± 3. 61) %,( 14. 83 ± 1. 23) min and( 19. 67 ± 0. 52) min of freezing for 30 d. The activities of total ATPase,SDH,LDH,SOD,CAT and GR of frozen-thawed sperm after cryopreservation for 15 d and 30 were( 73. 09 ± 3. 94) U / m L,( 44. 67 ± 4. 93) U / m L,( 6916. 93 ± 265. 45)U / L,( 84. 80 ± 4. 08) U / m L,( 92. 37 ± 7. 64) U / m L,( 79. 01 ± 3. 93) U / L and( 71. 57 ± 5. 51) U / m L,( 43. 67 ±4. 93) U / m L,( 6889. 73 ± 262. 63) U / L,( 84. 42 ± 3. 09) U / m L,( 92. 13 ± 7. 37) U / m L,( 75. 91 ± 2. 95) U / L,respectively. In addition to GR,the other enzyme activities all decreased with the freezing time prolonged. Enzyme activities detection showed that there was no significant difference between fresh sperm and frozen-thawed sperm in Lateolabrax maculatus. So we concluded that cryopreservation had no significant effects on the enzyme activities and motility of sperm in Lateolabrax maculatus using the previous procedure.


The vapour in oxy fuel combustion flue gasses can be condensed using an atmospheric condenser in order to separate and capture the CO2. The conditions of heat transfer are considerably impaired in the presence of non-condensable gasses e.g.CO2, and the over all heat transfer coefficient is drastically reduced when compared to that of the pure vapour. The presented experimental works are conducted to determine the effects of CO2 and N2 as non-condensable gasses in the condensation heat transfer. The condensation experiments are carried out with vapour and vapour gas mixtures, in which the non condensing gas mole fraction is varied up to 90


Mutation is the ultimate source of all genetic variation, and over the last ten years the ready availability of whole-genome sequencing has permitted direct estimation of mutation rate for many non-model species across the tree of life. In this meta-analysis we make a comprehensive search of the literature for mutation rate estimates in eukaryotes, identifying 140 mutation accumulation (MA) and parent-offspring (PO) sequencing studies covering 134 species. Based on these data, we revisit differences in single nucleotide mutation (SNM) rate between different phylogenetic lineages and update the known relationships between mutation rate and generation time, genome size, and nucleotide diversity—while accounting for phylogenetic non-independence. We do not find a significant difference between MA and PO in estimated mutation rates, but we confirm that mammal and plant lineages have higher mutation rates than arthropods, and that unicellular eukaryotes have the lowest mutation rates. We find that mutation rates are higher in species with longer generation times and larger genome sizes, even when accounting for phylogenetic relationships. Moreover, although nucleotide diversity is positively correlated with mutation rate, the gradient of the relationship is significantly less than one (on a logarithmic scale), consistent with higher mutation rates in populations with smaller effective size. For the 29 species for which data are available, we find that indel mutation rates are positively correlated with nucleotide mutation rates, and that short deletions are generally more common than short insertions. Nevertheless, despite recent progress, no estimates of either SNM or indel mutation rates are available for the majority of deeply-branching eukaryotic lineages—or even for most animal phyla. Even among charismatic megafauna, experimental mutation rate estimates remain unknown for amphibia and scarce for reptiles and fish. Lay Summary Over the past decade, the sequencing revolution has led to an ever-increasing number of mutation-rate estimates from mutation accumulation or parent-offspring sequencing studies in eukaryotes. However, studies rarely quantify to what extent the mutation rate varies among these species. Also, despite strong predictions as to how mutation rate should vary with (e.g.) generation time, there have been few recent or wide-ranging analyses of such predictors while accounting for the inherent similarity between closely-related species. Of particular note, there has been surprisingly little effort to robustly test the 'drift barrier' hypothesis that mutation rates should decrease with increasing effective population size. In this study, we used a comprehensive literature search to identify all the available experimental estimates of mutation rate in eukaryotes and subject them to phylogenetic mixed-model analyses. We find that per-nucleotide per-generation mutation rates differ by orders of magnitude among species: plants and mammals tend to have higher mutation rates than arthropods, and unicellular organisms have the lowest mutation rates. Our analysis also shows that mutation rates increase significantly with increasing generation time and genome size, and nucleotide diversity increases with mutation rate with a gradient less than one—as predicted by the drift-barrier hypothesis.


Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) has great attention of scientists, as it provides clean, biocompatible, non-toxic and inexpensive fabrication. In this study, F. sellowiana leaf extract was used for synthesizing SNPs which reduces silver nitrate into silver zero-valent. SNPs were characterized by UV, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, and TEM analysis. They were also examined for their biological activities. The presence of biosynthesized SNPs was characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy and also crystal nature of SNPs was identified with XRD analysis. FT-IR spectrum was used to confirm the presence of different functional groups in the biomolecules which act as a capping agent for the nanoparticles. The morphology of SNPs was explored using SEM and the presence of silver was confirmed by elemental analysis. The size of the nanoparticles was in the range of 20–50 nm determined by TEM. The green synthesized SNPs showed good antibacterial activities against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and also in resistant clinically isolated pathogens. Furthermore, the green synthesized SNPs showed reliable anticancer activity on the gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines with little effect on normal (HFF) cells. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of SNPs showed a significant effect on the scavenging of free radicals and iron chelating activity.


Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial malignant solid tumor during childhood. Despite intensified treatment, patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma (HR‐NBL) still carry a dismal prognosis. The Thai Pediatric Oncology Group (ThaiPOG) proposed the use of a multimodality treatment to improve outcomes of HR‐NBL in non‐immunotherapy settings.


The arrangement concept and development of the Metropolitan Area poses as one of the most interesting issues relating to local government law. Although the Regional Government Law provides flexibility for local governments to regulate and manage their regional affairs, in the Metropolitan Areas however, the Central Government takes part in structuring the regulations and institutions. This study examines two issues, namely the regulation of Metropolitan Areas in Indonesia and the relation of authority between the Central Government and Regional Governments in the arrangement of the Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi-Puncak-Cianjur Metropolitan Area. This study uses a normative juridical method. The results of the study conclude that first, regulations regarding Metropolitan Areas are spread across various instruments, namely Legislations, Government Regulations, Provincial Regulations, and Regency/City Regional Regulations. Second, in structuring the Jabodetabek Metropolitan Area, the Central Government still dominates, while the Regional Government only needs to carry out what is the will of the Central Government. This dominance can be seen in the aspects of regulatory formation and management of Metropolitan Areas.


This paper presents a new method for computing the magnetic anomaly due to a tabular dipping body, based on approximating a dipping prism by a large number of rectangular prisms. The magnetic anomaly due to this body would be the sum of anomalies resulted from all the small prisms. To test the efficiency of this approximation, we generate the 3-D synthetic anomaly due to a known dipping prism, perform a forward modeling scheme on these data using approximated models, and compare the resulted parameters with the known parameters of the dipping prism. In order to corrupt the synthetic data, we add pseudorandom noise with zero mean and standard deviation of 10% of the datum magnitude. To perform the forward modeling we use a FORTRAN program that inputs the ranges due to different parameters, calculates the anomaly for all possible conditions inside the ranges using the discretized body model, and chooses the best fit parameters. The remanent magnetization information, if available, can be incorporated into the modeling scheme. To show the practicality of this method, we apply the modeling on a real field magnetic data set from Zanjan province in the North-West of Iran.


A novel inhomogeneous multiconductor transmission line (MTL) device consisting of a solid cylindrical dielectric core with N + 1 equidistant cylindrical thin wires running along the core's peripheral surface, parallel to the core axis, is examined here. The frequency domain properties of the novel structure are revealed with the help of standard MTL modal analysis techniques. A particular application, for example with four wires, is developed by enforcing a full short‐circuit condition at the far end of the line. The input impedance of the device is obtained by considering several options for the wire connections at the near end of the line. Computed results concerning the MTL device show that the proposed structure exhibits sharp selectivity features in the frequency domain. Results are interpreted physically by making use of equivalent two‐conductor line models, which lead to estimated parameter values in excellent agreement with the computed ones. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 374–382, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24049


Aerial manipulation is a growing field of research, and multirotors with attached arm manipulator have shown practical utility in contact-based inspection. However, theses coupled platforms limit the pose reachability of the end-effector, which then motivates the development of omni-directional designs for aerial robots. Although the full pose tracking can be achieved by these omni-directional models, the large amount of internal thrust force constraints wrench exertion for forceful manipulation such as valve operation. Thus, in this work, we harness an articulated aerial robot equipped with thrust vectoring apparatus, which enables not only the omni-directional pose of end-effector, but also the sufficient 6 degree-of-freedom wrench for valve operation. First, we develop a joint configuration strategy for this articulated model to ensure sufficient torque to turn valves. Then, we present control and motion planning methods for exerting appropriate wrench while following a manipulation trajectory. Comprehensive experiments that involves various valve directions are evaluated in this work, demonstrating the feasibility of our methods to exert forceful wrench. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to achieve the operation of real industrial valve with real torque scale.


In order to construct a world city with Chinese characteristics,Beijing should highlight the core features of its influence and manipulation power of the city.With the help of the Olympic Games in 2008 and the opportunity of global financial crisis in 2009,Beijing's hard power,i.e.,its worldwide controlling force,has been dramatically increased,which makes it possible for Beijing to build itself into a world city.However,its soft power,its significant influence throughout the world,is still being shaped.Therefore,to realize the high-end goal of constructing a world city,Beijing should enhance its capability of cultural innovation,take as its major task to improve its power of discourse in the world,and forge its urban business card of the world's first-class center of "cultural consumption".


in genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, including GLRX , GPX4 , G6PD , and SEC14L4 (Golgi-transport protein). Genome-wide significant loci were also tested for association with the severity of steady-state (baseline) in vivo hemolytic anemia in patients with sickle cell disease, with confirmation of identified SNPs in HBA2 , G6PD , PIEZO1 , AQP1 , and SEC14L4 . Conclusions. Many of the identified variants, such as those in G6PD , have previously been shown to impair erythrocyte recovery after transfusion, associate with anemia, or cause rare Mendelian human hemolytic diseases. Candidate SNPs in these genes, especially in polygenic combinations, may affect RBC recovery after transfusion and modulate disease severity in hemolytic diseases, such as sickle cell disease and malaria. storage in blood banks, transfusion outcomes, and potentially the severity of hemolytic diseases. Considering this hypothesis, the aim of this study was to identify genes that modulate hemolysis in cold storage and hemolytic disorders by conducting a genome-wide association (GWA) study in RBC donors enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) RBC-Omics project (2, 25). We tested the associations between in vitro measures of stress hemolysis in cold-stored RBCs (spon-taneous storage hemolysis, osmotic fragility, and oxidative hemolysis) and high-density GWA SNPs (26) to discover candidate loci that regulate the function of human RBCs and their resilience to stress. This GWA cohort of 12,353 volunteer donors was enriched for groups with African, Hispanic, and Asian ancestry. Collected and stored RBCs were characterized by quantitative assays for in vitro osmotic, oxidative, and cold-storage hemolysis. Consistent with the anticipated genetic variability in donor RBCs, our analysis identified 27 GWA-significant loci ( P < 5 × 10 –8 ), many in candidate genes known to modulate erythrocyte structure, metabolism, and ion channels. We further verified whether the SNPs identified from our in vitro hemolytic stress phenotyping have relevance to hemolytic disease by analyzing their association with in vivo mea-surements of the severity of steady-state (outpatient) hemolytic anemia (low hemoglobin values and high indices of hemolysis) in 2 cohorts of SCD patients. These studies suggest that the identification of genetic variables that modulate the stability of RBCs in storage, response to


To eliminate the dynamic lock-in error in dithered ring laser gyro,it is desirable to inject a pseudo-random noise into the dithered driving signal.The paper developed a new injection method in the dithered ring laser gyro to suit the development of miniaturization and digitalization.The injected pseudo-random noise adopts pseudo-random noise(M sequence) produced by a register and the dithered signal applied square wave.The math model of the dithered system was established and then used in the simulation by the Simulink in Matlab.The new project was proved excellent by the emulator and the experiment of the dither's system.


A conceptual model for cognitive cooperation facilitators, or agents specifically aimed at facilitating cooperation in societies of cognitive agents, is presented. The model explores the fact that cognitive agents make available descriptions of their interests to the communication domain of the society. Problems and issues related to the central operation of these facilitators-the detection of cooperation opportunities-are analyzed.


Abstract The influence of nitrogen (N) nutrition on tuber quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), i.e., specific gravity, starch, nitrate, and protein content as well as ascorbic acid content was investigated in a pot experiment. As expected, specific gravity and starch content decreased with increasing fertilizer rates. Protein and especially nitrate content were positively related to nitrogen fertilization, while the effect on l-ascorbic acid content was relatively small. Only at the highest N level, which led to drastic yield depressions (3.8 g N pot−1), l-ascorbic acid content was significantly reduced. Since is considered phloem-immobile and xylem transport into the tubers is restricted (because of the tuber's low transpiration rate), the pathway of nitrate translocation into the tubers is unclear. For Ca2+, a direct uptake from the soil solution by the tuber surface is well documented. In order to check whether this pathway may also be of importance for , potato plants were cultivated in solution culture. The growing tubers were wrapped with paper tissue soaked with Ca(15NO3)2-labelled tuber medium, while contact of the tubers with the nonlabeled liquid growth medium was strictly avoided. 15N-content of tubers was measured on a mass spectrometer. The experiment demonstrated that with high concentration at the tuber surface, up to 40% of total tuber content can be taken up through the tuber skin.


Intermediate filaments are one of three classes of fibrous proteins in the cytoskeleton of eukaryotes, the others being actin filaments and microtubules. The dense filamentous networks and bundles provide important mechanical stability for the cell. Here we directly measure both the structure and mechanical properties of an in vitro model system for intermediate filaments reconstituted from purified vimentin protein at 1 mg mL−1. We show that the mesh size is on the order of 1 µm, a value that is preserved upon addition of divalent ions. These ions act as effective cross-linkers, further stiffening the network.


The paper presents the performance of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) tapping cells associated with an ac filter in terms of efficiency and power density in a hybrid LV ac/dc microgrid application and compares it to the performance of the conventional topology used in LV application, i.e., the two-level voltage source converter (2L-VSC). A biobjective optimization based on the Genetic Algorithm is hence developed, providing details on designing the components of the LCL filter, the MMC, and the 2L-VSC. The MMC reaches an efficiency of 99.4% when the main dc-grid is left floating. However, due to its modularity and scalability, offering multiport connections option, the MMC tapping cells has the disadvantage of low power density. Exploring the filtering capability of the equivalent arm inductance of the MMC seen from the ac grid side, optimization design results show that higher switching frequencies allow a significant volume reduction of the inductive components of the MMC/LCL filter while higher switching frequencies have little impact on the switching losses of the MMC. This has the benefit of reducing the overall footprint of the converter and encouraging the use of the MMC in LV application.


Catalytic oxidation of benzylic C H bonds with potassium bromate to carbonyl compounds was studied in the presence of ceria nanoparticles (NPs). Aldehydes and ketones in high yields were obtained when the oxidation was conducted in water/1,4-dioxane/acetic acid (AcOH) by ratio 5/1/1 (v/v/v). Benzyl esters were also yielded as the main products from the oxidation of benzylic C H bonds with potassium bromate in the presence of ceria NPs in glacial acetic acid. In comparison with other methods reported in the eywords: eria nanoparticles enzylic C H bond ldehydes etones literature, ceria NPs as an efficient catalyst in oxidation of benzylic C H bonds have advantageous such as selectivity, recyclability, high reaction rate, and high yield of product because of their large specific surface area to volume ratio. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Purpose - – This paper aims to examine the association between regulatory capital and risk of Indian commercial banks and the impacts of other relevant variables on them. Design/methodology/approach - – The study is based on a secondary data set on Indian commercial banks collected from "Capitaline Plus" corporate database and annual reports of the respective banks. Total 41 major Indian banks (21 public and 20 private sector banks) are considered in this study. Here absolute values of capital and risk are used as dependent variables along with some relevant bank specific explanatory variables in a system of a two-equation model. Based on the nature of interrelationship and identifiability of the equations, three-stage least squares (3SLS) technique is used to estimate the relationship. Findings - – Risk and capital of Indian commercial banks are inversely associated. The influence of profitability on both capital and risk is significantly positive. Moreover, human capital efficiency is negatively associated with the undertaking of risk by the banks. In this respect, Indian private sector banks are found to be more efficient in utilizing human capital for reducing credit risk. Originality/value - – It is the first comparative study in India examining the relationship between capital and risk of Indian public and private sector commercial banks covering both Basel I and II periods. Further, the role of human resource in managing risk is considered as a relevant variable in this study.


South Norfolk Council has made a general safety plea to all drivers to take extra care when approaching and passing their bin crews and lorries.


A facile route for the synthesis of high-quality Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FNPs) has been successfully confirmed by employing a co-precipitation technique and then was stabilized onto wool fabric through a simple "impregnating" process. Here, the synergistic effect of BTCA and synthesized FNPs on magnetic and antifungal characteristics of the wool fabric was investigated. The FNPs was stabilized on the wool surface using BTCA cross-linking agent. The role of both FNPs and BTCA concentrations on magnetic and antifungal properties of samples was optimized using response surface methodology. The magnetization properties and uniform distribution of FNPs on the wool surface were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The saturation magnetization and antifungal activity against Candida albicans of BTCA/FNPs-optimized wool was 7.8 emu g−1 and 98.31%, respectively. Subsequently, treated wool fabric with optimum concentration of FNPs and BTCA enhanced magnetic and antifungal properties.


Studies were carried out to identify a nematicidal compound from different plant parts viz., rind, rhizomes, leaves, flowers and seeds of Gloriosa superba and the efficacy of nematicidal activity was tested against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in vitro also tested for its nematicidal property against M. incognita eggs. The results of in vitro study revealed that, the methanol extract of rind, rhizomes, leaves, flowers and seeds of G. superba inhibited egg hatching of M. incognita eggs. Its effect on inhibition of hatching showed directly proportional to their concentrations and time of exposure. Among the different plant parts tested, rhizome extract was found effective followed by seeds in inhibition of egg hatching of M. incognita at 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent concentrations and different time of exposure. Total inhibition was noticed at higher concentrations of 75 and 100 per cent after 48h of exposure and at 72h total inhibition was noticed in all the concentrations. The rind was slightly less effective as compared to rhizome and seed extracts. The per cent inhibition in hatching was less than 50 per cent after 12h and its efficacy increased after 48 and 72h of exposure. Total inhibition in hatching was not noticed even after 72h of exposure in higher concentrations. The leaves and flower extracts were found less effective in inhibition of hatching at different concentrations and time of exposure.


: The identification of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) as candidate Marine Protected Areas is a critical step in protecting marine ecosystems and biodiversity from the impacts of human activity. However, delineating EBSAs in offshore pelagic waters can be difficult due to the high cost of collecting biological information in such areas. One potential solution is to use the distributions and movements of marine mammals, seabirds, and large predatory fish to delineate the boundaries of EBSAs. Here, we discuss the usefulness of seabird distribution data for identifying biologically productive areas with high primary production and energy flow through multiple trophic levels (one of the criteria for determining EBSAs). As seabirds are easily observed at the surface, many ship-based surveys have examined their at-sea distribution. These studies have shown that seabird density positively correlates with the density of their prey—zooplankton and forage fishes—at a 10-km scale, indicating biologically productive areas. Colony censuses and bio-logging studies have accumulated global data on the distribution and size of breeding colonies, as well as at-sea movement of individual seabirds. These datasets can be used to delineate EBSAs at a practically manageable spatial scale. By integrating these distribution data with remotely sensed environmental data, we can understand the processes that structure biologically productive areas and predict their variability. By monitoring diet, breeding success, and chemical markers accumulated in the tissues of seabirds whose ranges include these biologically productive areas, we can also assess anthropogenic stresses, including those imposed by fisheries and pollution. Though the inherent biases and limitations of seabird data must be considered carefully, these data could be a useful tool in delineating EBSAs, enabling better marine spatial management for biodiversity conservation.


A fast terrain matching method for 3D visualization of 2D GIS vector data was proposed.3D terrain features based on vector information were firstly classified by its characteristic,then either feature adjusting or terrain adjusting method was chosen for matching of features and terrain.Feature adjusting method adjusted the position and gesture of features in real-time,terrain adjusting method applied terrain deformation to vector constrained field based on different distance measurement.The algorithms also dealt with some special cases such as low resolution of terrain dataset and multi-vector restriction applied to the same area.Experimental results show that our method could meet the requirement of terrain matching effectively for 3D terrain features based on vector data including points,lines and surfaces with high visual quality.


The paper describes the new smart noise monitoring system designed and implemented into the project named LIFE15 ENV/IT/000586 "Methodologies fOr Noise low emission Zones introduction And management" (LIFE MONZA). The prototype system has been d signed keeping in mind the state of the art system  and the monitoring needs of the LIFE MONZA project. The designed system can be considered as a prototy pe according to the necessary customization in the des igning of connections among the hardware components and in the definition of protocols to manage and post p rocess of collected data. The prototype is expected to undergo quite a long testing phase (up to five years) during and after the LIFE MONZA project duration. I this paper, some details related to the designed network are reported. In particular, a detailed definition of the hardware components and specs, the transmitting dat a techniques, the specifications necessary to colle ct raw data are described. Furthermore some new procedures to periodically check the noise monitoring system performance are proposed.


This paper assesses the overall impact and influence of environmental nongovernmental organization (NGO) networks from the local to the global setting. Networks of various types of NGOs have developed and emerged in recent decades as significant actors in global politics. This paper looks at the impact these networks have in political and societal arenas, such as the business practices of large multinational corporations. A qualitative analysis of several cases involving NGOs is conducted, assessing what actions or strategies were most effective, particularly in promoting environmentally sustainable policies and practices and establishing a Culture of Peace. Research combines a review of existing literature along with personal observations from working with a grassroots environmental NGO in Indianapolis, Indiana. Over recent decades, the number of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) has increased substantially, a phenomenon which has attracted much scholarly attention, with particular focus on their participation in domestic and international political processes. At the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, representatives from over 250 NGOs were in attendance. These representatives provided technical expertise, helped to establish the rules for NGO participation, participated in plenary sessions and committee meetings, and worked in forums to build connections between one another. Scholars identify this event as one of the major turning points in the liberalization of the NGO system that followed as the number of NGOs accredited to subsequent conferences has continued to grow. (Betsill and Corell 1-2) In regards to achieving sustainable development, the U.N. acknowledged NGOs as partners who can contribute significantly to these efforts with its Agenda 21. Point 27.3 of the non-binding action plan reads: [n]on-governmental organizations, including those non-profit organizations representing groups addressed in the present section of Agenda 21, possess well-established and diverse experience, expertise, and


The Silante Formation is a thick series of continental deposits, exposed along a trench-parallel distance of approximately 300 km within the Western Cordillera of Ecuador. The origin, tectonic setting, age and stratigraphic relationships are poorly known, although these are key to understand the Cenozoic evolution of the Ecuadorian Andes. We present new sedimentological, stratigraphic, petrographic, radiometric and provenance data from the Silante Formation and underlying rocks. The detailed stratigraphic analysis shows that the Silante Formation unconformably overlies Paleocene submarine fan deposits of the Pilalo Formation, which was coeval with submarine tholeiitic volcanism. The lithofacies of the Silante Formation suggest that the sediments were deposited in a debris flow dominated alluvial fan. Provenance analysis including heavy mineral assemblages and detrital zircon U-Pb ages indicate that sediments of the Silante Formation were derived from the erosion of a continental, calc-alkaline volcanic arc, pointing to the Oligocene to Miocene San Juan de Lachas volcanic arc. Thermochronological data and regional correlations suggest that deposition of the Silante Formation was coeval with regional rock and surface uplift of the Andean margin that deposited alluvial fans in intermontane and back-arc domains.


In the context of the separation of the two powers, there is principal-agent problems, managers and owners can not be completely consistent on the interests of the target, so improve the company's incentive mechanism and give executives a certain equity incentive, can produce a role in / of / as the final decision on corporate mergers and acquisitions behavior and the number of mergers and acquisitions, quality and long-term performance of mergers and acquisitions. Therefore, this paper chooses M & A enterprises as the basic sample, and studies the influence of executive equity incentive on the long-term business performance of the enterprise based on the different ownership concentration degree, and according to the stock ownership concentration criterion carries on the grouping return, that has a certain practical significance to perfect the enterprise equity incentive mechanism and improve the acquisition long-term performance of enterprises.


We consider models for the pricing of foreign exchange derivatives, where the underlying asset volatility as well as the one for the foreign exchange rate are stochastic. Under this framework, singular perturbation methods have been used to derive first-order approximations for European option prices. In this paper, based on a previous result for the calibration and pricing of single underlying options, we derive the second-order approximation pricing formula in the two-dimensional case and we apply it to the pricing of foreign exchange options.


0Xidations of organic suifur compounds having suifur-Sulfur iinkagelinciuding thioir with various oxidizing agents are Summarized and discussed according to the nature of the oxidizing agents.


In last two decades actively are studied the phenomena resulting from the evolution of ultrashort optical pulses in nonlinear dispersive media. The well-known (1+1D) nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NSE) describes very well the propagation of narrow-band optical pulses (Δω<<ω0). Nowadays, it is quite easy to obtain broad-band phase-modulated femtosecond laser pulses or to reach the attosecond region where Δω≈ω0. To explore their behavior it is necessary to use the more general nonlinear amplitude equation (NAE). In local time coordinate system it differs from the standard NSE with two additional non-paraxial terms. In present paper, by using the NAE, it is investigated the dynamics of higher order non-paraxial solitons. It is shown that the peak of soliton is linearly shifted in time domain. This temporal shift is observed in the frames of non-paraxial optics, even when the higher order nonlinear and dispersive effects are neglected.


We may suspect that quantum mechanics and consciousness are related, but the details are not at all clear. In this paper, I suggest how the mind and brain might fit together intimately while still maintaining distinct identities. The connection is based on the correspondence of similar functions in both the mind and the quantum-mechanical brain. 1 The Mind-Brain Problem The problem of the relation between mind and body is well known as a difficult 'world knot'. Over the centuries various monistic and dualistic theories have been proposed, and the subject has had renewed interest as we try to assimilate the implications of quantum physics. These implications may make us reexamine our views of brains and bodies, but it is still not clear what consequences they have for our understanding of minds. Earlier in the interpretation of quantum mechanics, it appeared that the problem of measurement could only be solved by introducing some basic notion of an observer, presumably a conscious observer. Many scientists and philosophers (e.g. Wigner[20], Popper[6], Faber[8], Toben[18], Squires[14], Donald[5] among others) have taken this solution to indicate an essential role of consciousness in the physical world. Consciousness, to solve the measurement problem, must initiate the transition from quantum potentialities to definite actualities. It would not have to select which actuality, but merely cause some actuality to be produced. Squires and Donald accept this merely 'collapse prompting' role of consciousness, and their position has the advantage of requiring no changes to quantum theory, as consciousness then makes no change to any predicted probability. Squire's


Disconnection is the real one which influences the transmission of data and media in the wireless environment. Due to the influence on the transmission quality, the disconnections are divided into temporary disconnections and longtime disconnections. To solve the disconnections, Wireless TCP Disconnection Management was propounded, which concludes TCP Fast Reconnection Mechanism for the Temporary Disconnection and User-Defined Times of TFRMTD. First, TFRMTD mechanism in the wireless was discussed in detail, which implements the fast reconnection through giving every client a unique ID and catching the results at the server. Second, UDTT is introduced, which discusses how to judge the failing of TFRMTD on the disconnections and then conclude its a longtime disconnection.


Vocational students' prevalent learning objectives are not clear, so their learning enthusiasm is not high which causes the problem of poor self-learning ability. To improve students' self-learning ability, first of all the favoring independent learning should be set up as the guidance to change the concepts of personnel training objectives and teaching mode; next bold and innovative teaching should be created for the necessary protection for independent learning; more importantly is to initiate an open, and relaxed classroom atmosphere in classroom teaching and in the whole process of education, gradually cultivate good habits of independent learning; besides, scientific and rational evaluation mechanisms should play an important role to improve students' self-learning ability.


A 83-year-old lady had 1-month history of skin lesion on external genitalia, and half-a-month history of the lesion ulceration. The patient received surgical ablation of bladder tumor and left-ureteroplasty due to bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) 5 month ago. Intravesical mitomycin therapy was applied to her at regular intervals after operation. The patient had visible hematuria with blood clots again 2 month ago. One horsebean-sized, pinky nodule was found in the right labium major without significant inducements 1 month ago. The patient had not discomforts. The nodule expanded rapidly and ulcerated in the middle of it half a month ago. There was not the same sickness in the patient′s family history. The histopathology of skin lesion on external genitalia showed the epidermis was normal approximately, there were masses of transitional-cellular tumor cells in the dermis which were obviously heteromorphous, the cytoplasm of tumor cells was brightly stained, there were tumor embolus in some blood vessels. The immunohistochemistry staining showed CK7 expression was positive and HMB45 expression was negative in the tumor cells. The patient was diagnosed as cutaneous metastasis from BTCC.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of nurses regarding their practice in child care after training in child development surveillance, in the context of the Integrated Care for Childhood Prevalent Diseases. An exploratory study, using a qualitative approach, was developed between June and August 2009, by means of interviews with 11 nurses who participated in training workshops developed in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The thematic analysis helped identify three categories: weaknesses in child development surveillance before training; post-training qualified perspective: professional motivation and empowerment; and a new behavior in child development surveillance. The training was considered to be a powerful strategy for professional qualification and for changing the attitude of primary care nurses, motivating nurses to adopt a new behavior in child development surveillance. Descriptors: Child Health; Child Development; Education, Continuing; Pediatric Nursing; Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar a percepção de enfermeiras em relação à sua prática na atenção à saúde da criança, após a capacitação em vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil, no contexto da Atenção Integrada às Doenças Prevalentes na Infância. Pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa realizada de junho a agosto de 2009, mediante entrevista com onze enfermeiras participantes de oficinas de capacitação realizadas em João Pessoa Paraíba, Brasil. Identificaram-se, a partir da análise temática, três categorias: fragilidades na vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil antes da capacitação; olhar qualificado, pós-capacitação: empoderamento e motivação profissional; e novo agir na vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil. A capacitação mostrou-se como potente estratégia para qualificação profissional e mudança de atitudes da enfermeira na atenção primária, motivando as enfermeiras a novo agir frente à vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil. Descritores: Saúde da Criança; Desenvolvimento Infantil; Educação Permanente; Enfermagem Pediátrica; Atenção Integrada às Doenças Prevalentes na Infância. Reichert APS, Nóbrega VM, Damasceno SS, Collet N, Eickmann SH, Lima MC. Rev. Eletr. Enf. [Internet]. 2015 jan/mar;17(1). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v17i1.27722. 2 INTRODUCTION The attention to child health is very important due to the vulnerability of the human being in this phase of the life cycle. The monitoring of growth and development guides child care, allowing the identification of needs that deserve timely approach. This monitoring, which is part of the child development surveillance actions, should start from birth, since the first two years of life are a significant and ideal period for interventions to prevent child development problems. The surveillance of development is an integrating axis of attention to child health, including activities related to the promotion of normal development and detection of irregularities in the process. A decreased incidence of diseases is expected through surveillance, increasing the chances of children's growth and development in order to reach their full potential. That is also one of the main lines of child care proposed by the Brazilian government, through the Agenda of Commitments for the integral health of children and reduction of child mortality. The concern about child development has strengthened the actions for promoting child health from the creation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). This strategy was developed with the aim of training professionals for a comprehensive child healthcare, contributing to the guidance of families for health promotion and disease prevention early in life. The IMCI was proposed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and some studies show positive impacts of this strategy on the outcomes of child health. The services of Primary Health Care (PHC) with professionals trained in the IMCI are known to provide significantly better care compared to those without professionals trained in the strategy. In the reorganization of the health model, nurses are relevant in the implementation of strategies such as the IMCI. Therefore, the literature emphasizes that nurses who work in PHC must acquire specific knowledge in order to act according to the guidelines of child healthcare programs. However, in practice there are limitations in the provision of training for surveillance of child development within the context of IMCI, even though the PAHO guides this process with nurses since training, in order to improve the performance of health professionals in the care of under-five children and their families. In this perspective, this study is the continuation of a study initially carried out with quantitative approach, before and after design, to train PHC nurses in surveillance of development, according to the IMCI. It presents the results of implementing an educational intervention on surveillance of child development, and the perception of professionals concerning their practices after the training. Therefore, it fills an important gap evident in other studies restricted to present the impact of the strategy on child health without reflecting about the changes in the practice of professionals caring for children. Based on the results, this study was developed to identify the subjectivity of these nurses, from the following question: What is the perception of PHC nurses regarding their practice in child health after training on surveillance of child development? The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of nurses in relation to their practice in child healthcare after training on surveillance of child development in the IMCI context. METHODOLOGY This is an exploratory study of qualitative approach, based on the testimony of nurses who participated in training workshops on surveillance of child development within the IMCI context, aimed at identifying the perception of these professionals about their practice after the acquisition of such knowledge. The study was carried out in the city of João Pessoa, state of PB, from June to August 2009, six months after the workshops took place. The selected territory was a Health District consisting of 53 Family Health Teams (90.5% coverage of households) at that time, responsible for the care of 4,354 children under two years enrolled in Reichert APS, Nóbrega VM, Damasceno SS, Collet N, Eickmann SH, Lima MC. Rev. Eletr. Enf. [Internet]. 2015 jan/mar;17(1). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v17i1.27722. 3 the Family Health Units (USF Unidades de Saúde da Família). There were three training workshops in November and December 2008, with a workload of 16 hours each and average of 15 nurses per workshop. At that time, the nurses received a structured summary with data on the sequence of the nursing consultation, and ludic material to help them in the assessment of psychomotor child development. In theoretical activities, were used active methodologies and problematization as a teachinglearning strategy. The nurses who participated in the workshops and continued working in the area under study were interviewed with the criterion of data saturation until completing the production of material, resulting in 11 subjects in this study. The interviews were scheduled and took place in the health units at convenient times for the nurses participating in the study. Data collection occurred through a semi-structured interview guided by the questions: Report what difficulties and facilities you have faced to put into practice the knowledge acquired during the training on surveillance of child development. After the training workshop, which aspects motivated you to apply the knowledge in your daily practice? All interviews lasted between 10-30 minutes and were recorded on digital media after consent of participants. As much as possible, the interviews were carried out in environments of privacy, quiet and free from outside interference. In the presentation of results, participants were identified by the letter 'E', followed by the number corresponding to the chronological order of realization of empirical data collection. Data were processed and analyzed using thematic analysis, which was conducted by ordination, data classification and final analysis. Thus, it was possible to organize and structure the parts, relate them and identify the units of meaning, and group data to extract the thematic categories. The study was submitted to the Education Management in Health in the city of João Pessoa, and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba under protocol number 0216/2008. According to the guidelines and the regulatory standards for research involving human beings, all participants, after knowledge of the study objectives, signed the Informed Consent form. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION All study subjects were female, aged between 28 and 49, and had between seven and 23 years of training. Most had been working in PHC between five and nine years, coinciding with the expansion period of family health teams in the county where the study was conducted. Three thematic categories were identified from the results: fragilities in the surveillance of child development before training; qualified look after training: empowerment and professional motivation; and new acting in the surveillance of child development. Fragilities in the surveillance of child development before training Before the training workshops, the nurses considered themselves unprepared to provide satisfactory care to children in their development process. Recognizing these deficiencies in the service was the first step for effective changes in practice. [...] before the course on surveillance of child development, I had many difficulties and today I have less [...] even to explain for mothers the concept of development [..


Building on his two previous publications in Foresight on the measurement of forecastability, Steve shows how forecast quality can be objectively measured using the relative absolute error (RAE) metric and how this metric can be used to reveal the potential for improvements in forecast accuracy. He presents compelling evidence that many companies fail to achieve levels of relative error that are better than a simple ?same as last period? na‹ve forecast, and that around 50% of individual forecasts fail to meet this benchmark. He makes it clear that, while there is a great need for improvement in forecast quality, there is the potential for forecasters to accomplish just such improvement. Copyright International Institute of Forecasters, 2014


Two old women, both experienced artists, frame the four-hundred-plus pages of Alice Walker's The Temple of M y Familiar (1989), a broad canvas of African and African American life from the beginnings to contemporary San Francisco yuppiedom. The opening page introduces the South American Zed6, Sr., a seamstress or "sewing magician," who creates from peacock, parrot and cockatoo feathers the traditional capes worn by priests, dancers, and musicians at local village festivals. At the close of Walker's novel, Miss Lissie, a most bewitching womanist artist, has left for posterity a self-portrait, in which Lissie-as-Lion looks daringly at the viewer, her abundant tail almost obscuring the elegant, red, high-heeled slipper on her back paw.1 With(in) this frame, Walker paints black feminine creativity as a marginal, maternal, and magic space inhabited by goddesses, whose knowledge and power explode traditional symbolic and social codes. In the process, Walker presents a womanist interpretation of "the blackness of blackness," Henry Louis


Email:firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract.Financial sharing is a new type of financial management that is supported by information technology to optimize the organizational structure, improve process efficiency and reduce operating costs.To study the financial sharing, we use the financial sharing center in T company as the research object, focusing on its problems about settlement fund management, and put forward the relevant improvement proposals, hoping that this research can help a group of enterprises to establish the theory of settlement funds management under the financial sharing service mode and can provide a practice guide.


The Present study represents 165 species belonging to 17 families, reported from Tirthan valley of Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area. The study was conducted in April 2018 to July 2019. Family Erebidae and Geometridae was found dominated with 45 species each followed by Crambidae 30 species. With this addition of moth species, Great Himalayan National Park Conservation area is now home to 385 species of moths. The study was conducted for the first time in the Tirthan valley of Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area.