Europium doped barium aluminate (BaAl2O4) is a luminescent material with emission in the red spectral range, and is widely used in the field of optical communication and electronics. Despite the actual use of Eu-doped barium aluminate in optoelectronic devices, structural investigations of this material have not yet been precisely performed so far. In this context, we have conducted X-ray absorption measurements at the absorption edges of the dopant and the host elements in order to elucidate the mechanism of incorporation of Eu in the BaAl2O4 host structure, as well as to understand the origin of the optical/luminescence properties of Eu-doped barium aluminate. Powder samples of undoped BaAl2O4 and ones of BaAl2O4 doped with 4, 6 and 8 at.% Eu (in relation to Ba) were prepared by a hydrothermal method and subsequently annealed at 1100 oC for 4h. The Eu L3-edge X-ray absorption experiments on the doped samples were performed at DELTA beamline. Eu L3 XANES spectra of BaAl2O4 doped with 4, 6 and 8 at.% Eu were compared to those of Eu2O3 as a reference for Eu3+, and of a glass sample containing both Eu2+ and Eu3+ in approximately equal amounts. Precise analysis of these data showed that europium in the doped samples possesses a 3+ valence. The bond distance determined for the first Eu-O bond in the Eu-doped samples is substantially smaller compared to the Ba-O bond distance in pure BaAl2O4. However, it is also smaller compared to the Eu-O bond distance in pure Eu2O3. The large europium coordination number as determined from EXAFS data of the Eu-doped BaAl2O4 samples is not at all compatible with a tetrahedral or octahedral coordination symmetry with 4 or 6 nearest neighbors, but suggests the location of Eu3+ on the Ba2+ sites instead.


This paper investigates how to stabilize a SISO and time-invariant unmodeled plant with Unfalsified Adaptive Control when the reference signal is known a prior. A new cost function is constructed with filtered data, while the filter is stable and has the zeros exactly same with the unstable poles of the reference signal. The new cost function has the property called cost-detectability. When used in Unfalsified Adaptive Control for a LTI plant, it guarantees that UAC not only stabilizes the plant, but also detects and prevents bounded oscillations that otherwise would not be detected by the existing standard ℒ2 gain-related cost function. That is, a controller critically stabilizing the plant will be definitely falsified. This approach is useful in managed pressure drilling for oil and gas to detect and prevent oscillation in response to step commands. Simulations shows it works, even when the plant is nonlinear.


Higher survival rate(51%-78%) was yielded by grafting of walnut shoot root anvil was implemented before 20th of March in Guanzhong area and 50% of seedlings were grown up and available to customers in the same year.This simple,mature technique is a new one,which is featured with rapidness,efficiency and reliability.


An examination of hitherto published botanical monographs, together with notes from more recent collections, has identified a local centre of endemism focussed on the dissected plateaux inland of Lindi in SE Tanzania. The lowland forests on and around these plateaux contain between 40 and 91 vascular plant species which are not found elsewhere (depending on how rigorously the available data are interpreted), most of which have been collected less than three times and are limited to a single locality. The level of floristic endemism in this area is strikingly greater than in neighbouring areas, in spite of an apparent similarity in topography and vegetation. The full extent of the surviving remnants of forest is still poorly known, and an increased conservation initiative in this area is urgently required, together with further biological studies.


The chemical structure of the silica surface plays a key role in the adsorption and bonding of organic molecules from aqueous solution. This paper summarizes the known variables in surface structure, such as the state of hydration and dehydration, ionic charge, and the presence of aluminum as anionic aluminosilicate sites. These variables affect the degree to which organic molecules are bound to the surface through the three known forces, namely, ionic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic bonding. The latter probably has not been sufficiently widely appreciated in the case of pyrogenic silicas which have surfaces that are partly hydrophobic.


The study aimed to introduce biogas as an alternative source of energy for rural cattle farmers in the Maluti-a-Phofung municipality in the Free State Province, South Africa. To augment the rural farming community's adoption of the biodigester technology the following initiatives were undertaken: (i) a situational analysis (or diagnostic survey); (ii) training on biogas production in an integrated crop-livestock-bioenergy system; (iii) installation of the biodigesters; and (iv) monitoring and evaluation of the biogas production. Results on the diagnostic survey showed that the main source of energy for cooking was wood in all the farms and availability of water was not a constraint. Prefabricated biodigesters of 6m3 -12m3 were installed in all the households and, after continual feeding of the units with cattle dung, the production of biogas increased gradually. Monitoring of biogas production showed that, in two-thirds of the households, 80% of their cooking needs were met in summer, while in winter biogas production was minimal due to extremely cold weather. Challenges faced included non-adherence to a feeding regime – resulting in a blockage of the biodigester – and lack of feeding. Generally, farmers in the study area showed a high appreciation of the biodigester technology.


We herein describe a facile synthesis method of novel NH2-MIL-125 (Ti) metal organic framework as a photocatalyst, and the photochemical system was firstly developed for the direct N-methylation of amines under very mild reaction conditions of one bar CO2 and NaBH4. According to the optimization of reaction conditions, the selective synthesis of methylamines is achieved in good to excellent conversion and selectivity using visible light mediated photocatalytic system.


Accessible design of railway vehicles is a public safety concern. As a formative approach of work analysis, Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is applied in this paper to better understand the accessible design constrains and cognitive behavior of barrier-free passengers. CWA offers an integrated way of analyzing complex systems with the core of functional means-ends analysis to understand socio-technical systems. In this paper, work domain analysis and control task analysis are applied to the accessible design of railway vehicles which illustrate how the CWA can be conducted in this complex socio-technical system. In combination with CWA outputs and human factors design methods, this paper proposes a design method framework of accessible for railway vehicles form three aspects: space, facilities and information. A case study was introduced to demonstrates that the CWA-based accessible design framework is both effective and applicable.


An experimental study is conducted to forecast the residence state of the students based on their response provided in the ICT survey held during the academic year 2015-2016 at two universities of India. The dataset consists of 560 instances and 59 features. We considered the state as the response variable and 35 features as predictors after self-reduction. The dataset is trained and tested with k-fold cross validation using three popular supervised machine learning classifiers named Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) and random forest (RF) in the Weka 3.8.1 workbench. The outcomes of the study reveal that RF classifier outperformed with highest accuracy (83.39%) the ANN and SMO at 6-Fold of Cross-Validation (CV). Finally, the authors presented state forecast models which accurately forecasting the state of the student based on their answers during the survey with stabilizing the value of k=6 of CV. The maximum accurate forecasting count for Punjab student is found 239 out of 282 and for Haryana student is found 228 out of 278 with k=6. The findings of study prove a significant difference between the RF and the ANN, the SMO in accuracy and there is no significant difference between accuracy gained by SMO and ANN for state forecasting against student's response during the survey.


In the past twelve-month period, we have completed our experimental study of the inverse-FEL autoaccelerator. The IFEL accelerates electrons by stimulated absorption of a laser pulse passing along an electron beam in an undulator; the autoaccelerator is a configuration we have developed at Columbia to test the principle of resonant absorption and acceleration. This report discusses the progress of this research.


Single-cell sequencing technology has enabled the characterization of cellular heterogeneity at an unprecedented resolution. To analyze single-cell RNA-sequencing data, numerous tools have been proposed for various analytic tasks, which have been systematically summarized and concluded in a comprehensive database called scRNA-tools. Although single-cell epigenomic data can effectively reveal the chromatin regulatory landscape that governs transcription, the analysis of single-cell epigenomic data presents assay-specific challenges, and an abundance of tools with varying types and functionalities have thus been developed. Nevertheless, these tools have not been well summarized, hindering retrieval, selection, and utilization of appropriate tools for specific analyses. To address the issues, we here proposed scEpiTools database with a multi-functional platform (http://health.tsinghua.edu.cn/scepitools). Specifically, based on the comprehensive collection and detailed annotation of 553 articles, scEpiTools groups articles into 14 major categories and 90 subcategories, provides task-specific recommendation for different emphases, and offers intuitive trend analysis via directed graphs, word clouds, and statistical distributions. For single-cell chromatin accessibility data analysis, we proposed a novel ensemble method named scEpiEnsemble, which, along with multiple methods as built-in kernels, can be used for flexible and efficient online analysis via the scEpiTools platform. We envision that scEpiTools will guide tool usage and development for single-cell epigenomic data and provide valuable resources for understanding regulatory mechanisms and cellular identity. Author summary Compared to single-cell RNA-sequencing data, single-cell epigenomic data can reflect a set of epigenetic modifications at the cellular level. In general, the analysis of these data is typically divided into several steps: 1) retrieving available tools based on the omics of data and tasks; 2) selecting appropriate tools manually; and 3) utilizing the chosen tools to analyze data. However, due to the rapid development of tools and the unique complexity of the data, each of the above steps is extremely challenging for researchers. To provide researchers with great convenience, we developed scEpiTools (http://health.tsinghua.edu.cn/scepitools), a database with multiple functionalities. For instance, given the omics type and the analytic task, researchers can easily browse all the available tools via the hierarchical categorization of scEpiTools, and get recommendation scores from multiple perspectives. Considering that researchers may encounter difficulties in hardware requirements or environment setup, we also provide online analysis with various commonly used tools, as well as a novel ensemble method named scEpiEnsemble. In summary, scEpiTools represents a valuable resource for the single-cell epigenomics community, facilitating retrieval, selection and utilization of appropriate tools for diverse analyses, and helping to drive future advancements in the field.


Eight male sterile lines of rice comprising five from WA and three from MS 577 A sources were studied for temperature influenced male sterility-fertility transformation under natural field and controlled growth chamber conditions. Of them WA-based Pusa 33–16A UP 24 A) showed the highest tendency for reversible sterility-fertility alteration. Along with its B-line JP 24 A was characterized using parameters like sensitive stage to temperature, critical sterility point and critical fertility point. JP24A and JP24B became resistance 21 and 24 days before heading respectively. Critical sterility point of JP 24 A is 33.8°C as against 35.1°C of JP 24 B. The CMS line possibly genetically linked with temperature sensitive genetic male sterility is of value in commercial hybrid seed production as it requires no maintainer to produce its seed.


A survey of the literature on ozone for the past 50 years discloses many contradictory and confusing statements concerning methods of ozone determination. This work was undertaken to clarify the situation and establish a reliable method. A chemical method is described, which proved suitable for ozone-oxygen mixtures containing up to 25% ozone. A physical method has been devised for use as a standard of comparison in testing this chemical method. Comparisons have been made with other chemical analytical methods for ozone. This work should clarify the present unsatisfactory situation regarding the chemical analysis of ozone-oxygen mixtures. As the uses for ozone increase, these methods should be of increasing importance.


Objective To study the short-term effects of a single-dose chloral hydrate on neonatal auditory perception by measuring auditory event-related potentials (aERPs). Methods Thirty-nine full-term neonates, aged 2–28 days and weighing 2980–4350 g, were divided into two groups including a chloral hydrate group (CH group, n = 17) and a non-chloral hydrate control group (non-CH group, n = 22). The CH group was given single-dose chloral hydrate (30 mg/kg) orally before aERPs measurement. An auditory oddball paradigm was used to elicit aERPs. P2 and N2 components of the ERP were recorded from electrodes at the Fz and Cz locations, and the areas under their curves (P2 and N2 areas) were calculated for the comparison between two groups. Results Significant differences was found in the P2 area between the two groups at Fz and Cz (Fz: F (1,37) = 487.75, P < 0.05; Cz: F (1,37) = 1465.94, P < 0.05). Similarly, significant difference was also in the N2 area between the two groups at both locations (Fz: F(1,37) = 153.38, P < 0.05; Cz: F(1,37) = 798.42, P < 0.05). Conclusion A single-dose of chloral hydrate impacts neonatal auditory perception in the short-term. Long-term effects will also be studied in future.


Movement disorder is a frequent cause of disability after stroke. Effective physical rehabilitation of stroke patients depends on the condition of cognitive functions. The article discusses the basic pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of movement and cognitive disorders after stroke, methods of treatment. Administration of multimodal drugs with several mechanisms of action to increase brain plasticity and enhance rehabilitation potential is substantiated.


The formula: 1] The compound represented in are inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPase), therefore, can be used to treat conditions mediated by PTPase activity. The compounds of the present invention, also, phosphotyrosine binding region, for example, can be used as inhibitors of other enzymes characterized with SH2 domains. Thus, insulin resistance compound of formula (I) is associated with obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, ischemic diseases of the hypertension and the large and small blood vessels, dyslipidemia, e.g., hyperlipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia prevention of type 2 diabetes associated conditions, atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatitis, adipose cell tumors and carcinomas, other diseases represented by dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, such as liposarcoma, including It may be used for and / or treatment. In addition, the compounds of the present invention include cancer (such as prostate or breast cancer), osteoporosis, may be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative and infectious diseases, as well as inflammation and the immune system and related diseases.


The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project, as an upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), is to be started in the next decade. A set of canted cosine theta (CCT) twin aperture orbit corrector magnets will be developed in China, with a field quality requirement of 10−3 in the two apertures. Cooperating with CERN, twin aperture correctors are being fabricated as prototypes before the series production. During the fabrication of the CCT coils, certain manufacturing errors including winding error, rotating error and concentricity error appeared which will affect the field quality. This study analyzed the effects on field harmonic components by these manufacturing errors, and the manufacturing process and the first test result of the prototype were introduced briefly. Suggestions from the analysis results are provided for further series production of the 2.2-m orbit correctors.


Exploration activities were concentrated in the structural highs in offshore northwest Myanmar in 1970's by international oil companies, resulting in only minor gas shows in poor reservoirs. Since then, the region had been barren during the past 20 years until Daewoo International Corporation started exploration in Block A-1 in 2000. Seismic sequence stratigraphic analysis indicates that two different reservoir types were developed in deep-marine environment in this region: G-series sediments and overlaying D-series sediments. Both of them show seismic characteristics of high amplitude. However, isochore and seismic attributes define two different sedimentary patterns. The G-series sediments are deep-sea turbidites deposited in basin floor fans trending northwest to southeast as a part of the Bengal fan system while the D-series sediments are slope sediments transported from Indo-Burman ranges in the east. The results of exploratory wells drilled at stratigraphic traps in Blocks A-1 and A-3 offshore northwest Myanmar proved the new play concept proposed by Daewoo International. Thick massive gas sands were discovered in the G-series sediments and the D-series sediments contain gas-bearing thinly-laminated sands. Biostratigraphic data support that the G-series and D-series sediments were deposited in the deep marine environment in Pliocene time. Amplitude maps of 3-D seismic data confirm the existence of submarine channel systems which filled the G-series deep-sea turbidites from northwest to southeast to the basin floor fans. After deposition of the deep-marine sands, strike-slip faults and shale-fill channels were developed as flow barriers.


The present study is the quality of the product. Product quality must be planned right from the product design. The thought of the proposed product is too low because we need to adapt technology to the proposed product. Impact of emerging technologies currently very complex makes finding new vision of technological progress is the main task of any business. Development of the product due to the installation of a thorough analysis of needs and structure, shape of parts and assemblies, and the techniques used connections. Manufactured blanks in the assembly process are to submit individual parts into a finished product. A characteristic feature of any business is the competition, through which it is mobilized to produce better and cheaper products. It is also essential to the production of goods to be friendly to humans and the environment.


Abstract The female reproductive structure of G. stellata (Stackh.) Batt. was studied in plants from nature and culture. The carposporophytes of both types develop without any evidence of fertilization, which suggests an apogamous development in the species.


Binary-input memoryless channels with a run length constrained input are considered. Upper bounds to the capacity of such noisy run length constrained channels are derived using the dual capacity method with Markov test distributions satisfying the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions for the capacity-achieving output distribution. Simplified algebraic characterizations of the bounds are presented for the binary erasure channel and the binary symmetric channel. These upper bounds are very close to achievable rates, and improve upon previously known feedback-based bounds for a large range of channel parameters. For the binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel, the upper bound is simplified to a small-scale numerical optimization problem. These results provide some of the simplest upper bounds for an open capacity problem that has theoretical and practical relevance.


Pairwise coreference resolution models must merge pairwise coreference decisions to generate final outputs. Traditional merging methods adopt different strategies such as the best-first method and enforcing the transitivity constraint, but most of these methods are used independently of the pairwise learning methods as an isolated inference procedure at the end. We propose a joint learning model which combines pairwise classification and mention clustering with Markov logic. Experimental results show that our joint learning system outperforms independent learning systems. Our system gives a better performance than all the learning-based systems from the CoNLL-2011 shared task on the same dataset. Compared with the best system from CoNLL-2011, which employs a rule-based method, our system shows competitive performance.


Since the turn of the 21st century, the Russian state has attempted to address the country's excessive dependence on natural resources. It has implemented an ambitious programme of economic modernization, including giving innovation more policy prominence and boosting state funding for research and development (RD rent-seeking (who benefits from modernization processes); neo-Schumpeterian and co-evolutionary growth approaches; innovation systems and innovation policies; and finally, sistema (Ledeneva, 2013), a political economic approach that explains key aspects of Russia's current authoritarian system.


Agricultural diversification might be an answer to structural change in farming and demographic change in rural areas. Findings from empirical research highlight specific competences that enable farmers to successfully implement diversification strategies such as direct sales, social farming, or agro tourism. The identified competences are categorized as professional and personal competences based on the taxonomy of the National Qualifications Framework for Germany. The findings could serve as a guideline for designing courses that enable farmers to implement diversification strategies.


This paper summarizes the connotation and significance of the customer relationship management introduced by the library in the circumstance of the knowledge service, and puts forward library's management mode based on the customer relationship management.


This presentation looks at the challenge for the UK: How to deploy appropriate technology to 24 million dwellings within a complex socio-economic system to reduce carbon emissions by 60 to 80% and the difference between the theory and reality of completing such a task. (34 pages)


N-gram models are used to model language in various applications. For large vocabularies, even a very large corpus is insu(cid:14)cient to estimate a raw ratio-of-counts trigram model. One common way to over-come this problem is by linear interpolation of the trigram model with lower order models. The interpolation weights can be varied as a function of the current history, to re(cid:13)ect the con(cid:12)dence we have in the estimates of various orders. Since the number of histories is large we cannot hope to estimate a set of weights for each history. Thus sets of histories are tied together and the same weights are used for all histories within the set. In this paper we study the e(cid:11)ect of the algorithm used to tie together the various histories. We report word error rate (WER) results on a large-vocabulary speech recognition task.


In this paper, we propose a multiconstraint-based real-time network routing scheme using simulation methodology. We first discuss how to resolve the multi-constrained path (MCP) problem with a discrete event simulation method. Our proposed Path Selection using Simulation Method (PSSM) can work with a wide class of constraints that properly include the additive constraint assumption required by most graph-search algorithms for the MCP problem. Then we show how to implement the PSSM algorithm with DEVS (Discrete Event System Specification). Finally we discuss the application of PSSM method into Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON), developing a multiconstraint-based real-time routing scheme using simulation methodology.


Summary form only given. In this paper, a multi-layer neural network is presented to make termination decision for ongoing R&D projects. The strengths of neural networks accrue from the fact that they do not make assumptions of models in advance and from their capability to infer complex underlying relationships. Further some improvements are also presented as follows. A trial algorithm used to optimize the number of nodes in the hidden layer and a genetic algorithm employed to optimize the initial values of the parameters of the neural network are put forward. In addition, an accelerated gradient descent algorithm (the improved back-propagation algorithm) is employed to adjust the values of the parameters of the neural network. At last, in the FANN (feedforward artificial neural networks) determined in this paper, there are three types of processing neurons: fourteen input neurons, five hidden neurons, and one output neuron. In addition, to identify the importance of each variable that influences the implementation of the R&D projects, we introduce the conception of the weight contribution rate.


The purpose of this paper is to propose a calculation method for infiltration rate in a high-rise building using pressure difference across the building envelope. Infiltration rate can be calculated with pressure difference across the building envelope in a power law relationship. However, it is complicated to calculate infiltration rate using pressure difference because of its subelements. There are three driving forces of pressure difference across the building envelope: stack effect pressure difference, wind pressure difference, HVAC system pressure difference. In a high-rise building, infiltration rate is dominated by stack effect. This paper proposed a simplified equation considering only stack effect pressure difference based on a power law equation. Then, infiltration rate, in winter, by temperature was calculated and compared.


An extension of a flash‐photolysis method described previously was used to measure the following absolute rate constants (all in liter per mole·sec): O(1D)+O3→2O2k2=2.0±1.0×1011,O(1D)+N2→O(3P)+N2k4a=1.3±0.6×1010,O(1D)+Xe→O(3P)+Xek4b=3.5±1.7×1010,O(1D)+Ar→O(3P)+Ark4c∼5×107.The efficiency with which the O(1D)→O(3P) transition is induced by collisions depends specifically on the added gas. The results for deactivation by nitrogen are discussed in terms of the formation of an N2O* intermediate in a high level of vibrational excitation. Dissociation to N2+O(3P) at this energy level (85.2 kcal) is compared with thermal decomposition of N2O where predissociation to a state which correlates with O(3P) occurs at a lower energy level (〈e〉=61.8 kcal).


Human beings lived in communities in the past, as is today, and the regimes of the societies and human relations have always been the determinative main criteria in their construction as open or closed societies.


Heat exchanger networks (HEN) play important roles in a chemical plant. In a plant lifetime, it may be required to retrofit a HEN several times in order to improve the energy efficiency or to accommodate the increase in throughput. The network pinch method developed by Asante and Zhu [1] can identify bottlenecks, which limit the increase in heat recovery for an existing HEN and also indicate promising structure changes to overcome the bottlenecks. As a result of HEN retrofit, additional surface area is required for some heat exchangers. There are a number of options to provide additional area, such as installing new shells or new units, adding new tubes to an existing bundle, etc. If heat transfer enhancement (HTE) is applied, additional area can be reduced significantly. This can result in a great reduction in capital cost and implementation time for modifications. However, in practice, heat transfer enhancement techniques have not been applied extensively, particularly in the petroleum refining industry. Several main aspects need to be addressed when HTE is taken into consideration for HEN retrofit. The first is how to determine which heat exchangers are suitable to apply HTE in the network and the second issue is to determine what level of augmentation of heat transfer performances is required. The last is about how to select a particular enhancement technique that can fulfil the enhancement requirement. A new strategy for applying HTE in HEN retrofit at the conceptual design stage has been developed. The above issues can be addressed properly by this new method. The new procedure is demonstrated using a case study.


The sensitivity of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to high‐latitude freshwater input is one of the key uncertainties in the climate system. Considering the importance of the AMOC for global heat transports, and the vulnerability of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) to global warming, assessing this sensitivity is critical for climate change projections. Here we present a unique set of computational experiments to investigate the adjustment of the AMOC to enhanced melt water from the GrIS under present‐day conditions. For the first time, the response in a global, strongly‐eddying ocean model is systematically compared to that of an ocean model typical of IPCC‐class climate models. We find that the overall decline of the AMOC on decadal time scales is quantitatively similar (<10%) in the two configurations. Nonetheless, the transient response is significantly different, as the AMOC decline and reduction in wintertime convection is markedly more gradual and persistent in the strongly‐eddying configuration.


Carbon-doping oxide materials (SiCOH films) with k of 2.62 are prepared by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD) from the mixture of decamethylcyclopentasioxane (D5) and oxygen (O 2 ). This paper investigates the effect of O 2 -doping on bonding configuration, dielectric property and leakage current of the SiCOH low dielectric constant films. The results show that the leakage current can be reduced obviously on the premise that dielectric constant k is kept at a lower value by small O 2 -doping amount. For the SiCOH film deposited under O 2 flow of 3 cm 3 /min, the dielectric constant k as low as 2.62 and leakage current of 8.2×10 -9 A/cm 2 can be obtained.


Abstract:This article traces a relationship between Dickens and the Portuguese Modernist poet Fernando Pessoa, who declared several times his longtime love for Pickwick Papers. While offering an introduction to Pessoa's life and thinking, the question which is posed is what Pessoa gained from Dickens, and here the significance of the different personae whom he created in his poetry needs to be taken into account: the pseudonyms he adopted which were more than that, but were other imagined lives, called "heteronyms." The relation of these to the concept of "Boz" and the other names Dickens adopted, and the concept of the "posthumous" in both Dickens and Pessoa, and the relationship of the real life to the imagined life, are all topics for investigation. They bring out more complexity in Dickens; they illustrate further how much the poet learned from him, and how much Dickens enabled him to survive and produce work which forms a significant contribution to European literature.


This study investigates the relationship between the online WOMs(such as volume of blogs, articles, reviews, searches) and the number of audience of successful film.The results are as follow: Frist, using a curve-estimation method, the results show that the longitudinal trends of the online WOMs can be best described by a cubic indicating. Second, using panel analysis in model(t) the volume of blogs, reviews, and searches is positively associated with the number of audience. All of the variables' coefficient are significant. However the volume of articles is negatively related to the number of audience with a significant coefficient.


The present invention provides a seismic isolation control system, which restrains vibration of a device (100) configured with an excitation side actuator (80), a seismic isolation side actuator (30) having a seismic isolation side driving section (23) and a seismic isolation side movable member (25) driven by the seismic isolation side driving section is provided on above device when composing the seismic isolation control system, model calculation parameter of excitation side actuator and excitation side movable quality data are used to calculate acceleration/deceleration thrust power when controlling action of the seismic isolation side actuator, control content of the seismic isolation side actuator is determined based on the acceleration/deceleration thrust power, by moving the seismic isolation side movable member, force applied for removing counterforce generated by moving the excitation side movable quality is applied on the device, thereby removing excitation force generated because of action of the excitation side actuator in high-precision, and restraining vibration of the device.


In recent times, electromagnetic emissions from various electrical components have induced more than one debate whether they represent a harmful influence to our health. In addition, interferences caused by power frequency magnetic fields (PFMFs) on electron beam based electronic equipment (e.g. cathode ray tubes found in TV screens and computer monitors, electron microscopes) become evident at levels over 1 microtesla. These issues have caused some concern with the general public but also to the utilities, their customers and the electromagnetic compatibility community. On the other hand, they have also spurred efforts to study and mitigate these fields. Although most published studies and debates are concerned with fields from power transmission lines, similar levels of PFMFs can be found in a city neighbourhood. For this reason this study focuses on the fields originating from the last stages of the power network before reaching the customer, in particular the components of in-house secondary substations. However the methods developed in this study can also be applied more generally. Conductive and ferromagnetic shielding, passive and active compensation and other techniques are described. These techniques make use of modern methods of analysis such as algebraic computing and 2D/3D modelling. It was found that shielding using thin conductive plates and a proper design can provide for cost-effective mitigation of PFMFs. It was shown that the choice of either ferromagnetic or conductive shielding is dependant on a number of variables, which can only be determined by a proper 2D or 3D modelling. It was also found that cable and busbar connections and not the transformers are the main cause of large PFMF emission from substations. These and other results were applied to actual cases where the measured values were considered as problematic, or where low emission was a requirement already at the design stages.


To determine the technical parameters of dynamic ramming method for stabilizing collapsible loess in the west of Liaoning by field compaction tests,which is the first time listed in the code for building construction in collapsible loess regions,the physical and mechanical characters in experiment area are analyzed and compared before and after treatment on the basis of field observation and test in laboratory.Results show that it is effective to treat 4m to 6m in depth under 800kN.m to 1600kN.m in compaction energy with no less than 8 tamper times.After compacted,collapsibility of loess is eliminated and its compressibility is decreased largely.The results have been applied in loess raodbed treatment of highway from Fuxin to Chaoyang.


We explore the extent to which information about the social value orientation (SVO) of group members influences contributions to a public good. We compare four networks of information - empty, pair, star and complete. We find that information about SVO has a significant impact on contributions in an experimental setting. This impact is consistent with theoretical predictions based on reciprocity and guilt aversion. We show that a star network with a pro-social manager has the biggest positive effect on contributions.


The effect of pH, ionic strength and feed concentration on performance of ultrafiltration (UF) to fractionate Catfish protein hydrolysate (CFPH) through 5kDa regenerated cellulose (RC) membrane was studied. The highest and lowest permeate flux belonged respectively to pH 9 and isoelectric point (IEP) with flux reduction of 5.75 L/m 2 .h at pH 9 and 10.98 L/m 2 .h at pH isoelectric through operating time. Further, by adding the salt, the highest permeate flux and transmission obtained at highest ionic strength of 0.15 M NaCl with 52.96% of transmission (in average). Then, the transmission reached to 54.18% by increasing feed concentration up to 1.5 mg/ml.


The author uses a Stein-type covariance identity to obtain moment estimators for the parameters of the quadratic polynomial subfamily of Pearson distributions. The asymptotic distribution of the estimators is obtained, and normality and symmetry tests based on it are provided.


Purpose To evaluate the role of chemokine receptor CXCR3 mRNA expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) for prediction of early acute cardiac rejection in rats. Methods Three groups of rats underwent heterotopic cardiac transplantations:the donor and receptor of group A were both SD rats,untreated after transplant and served as control group.Group B and C underwent Wistar to SD transplantation,group B was untreated and group C was treated with Cyclosporine A(5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),i.p.×14 d).The rats of three groups were killed at day 1,3,5 and 7 after transplant,peripheral blood and cardiac allograft were harvested.In each group 5 rats were left to be observed for survival time of cardiac allograft.CXCR3 mRNA was detected by real-time PCR.Cardiac allograft specimens were assessed pathologically. Results Survival time in group A was longer than 100 d and the average survival time in group B and C was(7.40±1.14)d and(24.00±2.35)d.Compared with group B,the average survival time in group C was obviously prolonged(P0.01).The average survival time in group A was much longer than group B and C(P0.01).There was no rejection in group A and CXCR3 mRNA of PBMC was weakly expressed.There was a positive correlation between the dynamic change of CXCR3 mRNA of PBMC and the proccess of acute rejection in group B.The peak of CXCR3 mRNA expression 4.30±0.82 in group B appeared in day 5 after transplant,while the peak expression was 1.50±(0.76) in group C which appeared in day 7 after transplant,significantly lower than group B(t=7.08,(P0.01)). Conclusions CXCR3 mRNA expression of PBMC was correlated with process of acute rejection,it maybe a new target in the diagnosis or therapy of acute cardiac rejection.


Kebumen regency is designated as a village breeding centre for Ongole Grade cattle in Indonesia. Therefore, phenotypic characterization of 1,190 Ongole grade cows (1–6 years old) was conducted in Kebumen Regency. The study indicated that the average body measurement of Ongole Grade cows in Kebumen was higher and longer than the standard national body measurement set by National Standard Performance of Indonesia 7356:2008. Dominant qualitative characters of Ongole Grade cows in Kebumen was white coat colour, black muzzle, red or black vulva, straight trilateral head shape, with long horns, loose skin, and well-developed hump. Related to the potential of the Ongole Grade cow in Kebumen, efforts are needed in order to maintain the purity and the sustainability that is appropriate with agro-ecosystem and preferences of local farmers.


In this paper, we deal with the well-known problem of extremal theory of hypergraphs posed by A. V. Kostochka. A colouring of the set of vertices of a hypergraph into r colours is said to be a panchromatic one if each edge of the hypergraph contains vertices of all colours. We study the characteristic p.n; r/ equal to the minimum possible number of edges of an n-uniform hypergraph which has no panchromatic r-colourings. We find a new asymptotic lower bound for p.n; r/ and a series of results concerning related questions. This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant 12–01– 00683, by the Program of President of Russian Federation for support of leading scientific schools, grant 2519.2012.1, and by the Program of President of Russian Federation for support of young scientists, grant 1122.2012.1.


Gate oxide defects, in the form of trapped charges and neutral electron traps, were measured before and after irradiation using optically assisted electron injection. Following irradiation and injection, the measured voltage shifts ( Delta V/sub T/) indicate that radiation-induced extrinsic defects are localized near, but not exactly at the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface. Delta V/sub T/ is found to be linear with respect to the gate oxide thickness when the top electrode resides above the defect region, and quadratic with respect to the thickness when the top electrode encroaches on the defect region. For very thin gate oxides, Delta V/sub T/ approaches zero. Application of a defect distribution model based on this behavior reveals that the gate oxidation temperature does not influence the distribution of radiation-induced defects, but does influence their concentration; with the 800 degrees C oxides always containing more defects than the 1000 degrees C oxides. A gate oxide thickness regime of less than 5-6 nm in which radiation-induced threshold voltage shifts approach zero is identified.<<ETX>>


The order in which grammar rules are learned in speech development is determined by their functional relevance. At early stages, children of a preschool age fail to differentiate case endings in attributive word combinations in their speech later, however, they become capable of contrasting them phonetically. The key role in choosing case markers is played by the syntagmatic relations between words they speak.


The research results in the field survey from March, 2011 to October, 2015 of Research Institute for Marine Fisheries (RIMF) presented an overall picture of the marine species diversity in coral reef ecosystems and other coastal areas surrounding Tho Chau archipelago, Kien Giang province. A total of 1,101 marine species were identified, including 161 species of phytoplankton; 75 species of zooplankton; 57 species of seaweed; 6 species of seagrass; 11 species of mangrove plant; 147 species of coral (131 species of hard coral, 16 species of soft coral); 261 species of coral reef fish; and 383 species of zoobenthos (223 species of mollusca, 77 species of echinodermata, 59 species of arthropoda, 24 species of annelida). These research results provided an important scientific foundation for management, conservation and development of marine resources in this area.


Selecting a web-scale discovery service is a large and important undertaking that involves a significant investment of time, staff, and resources. Finding the right match begins with a thorough and carefully planned evaluation process. In order to be successful, this process should be inclusive, goal-oriented, data-driven, user-centered, and transparent. The following article offers a step-by-step guide for developing a web-scale discovery evaluation plan rooted in these five key principles based on best practices synthesized from the literature as well as the author's own experiences coordinating the evaluation process at Rutgers University. The goal is to offer academic libraries that are considering acquiring a web-scale discovery service a blueprint for planning a structured and comprehensive evaluation process.


Anheuser Busch, the brewers of Budweiser, sued a Czech brewer alleging that its beer brand, Budejovicky Budvar, created confusion in the marketplace and breached New Zealand consumer protection legislation that prohibits misleading and deceptive conduct. The case brought against Budejovicky Budvar included a survey of beer consumers and this was central to the action. This paper explores the robustness of the survey by evaluating its methodology in terms of the four errors that affect survey research: coverage error, measurement error, sampling error and non-response error. In each area, the survey adduced contained serious flaws that undermined its validity. Ironically, these flaws were largely avoidable. An alternative survey design that draws on past cases and empirical generalisations in question wording is proposed. While untested in court, this design takes greater cognisance of issues regarding forensic research that have been raised internationally. More attention to these issues should reduce the vulnerability of surveys to criticism and help ensure that the relevant public's voice is better represented in actions that allege consumer confusion.


Keywords: Signals and systems. MATLAB GUI. Experiment platform. Abstract. Aiming at the weakness of traditional theoretical teaching in the course of "Signals and Systems", MATLAB Graphical User Interface (GUI) is used to convert abstract theoretical knowledge into concrete image simulation. The platform can strengthen students' understanding on important and difficult knowledge points and thus can help to improve teaching quality and efficiency in class.


AIM To study the role of nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors during the early stage of focal cerebral ischemic injury in rats. METHODS The rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were established with the intraluminal suture method. The nonselective NOS inhibitor and selective inducible NOS inhibitor were used for investigating the effects of NO and NOS changes in the focal ischemic brain tissue and their respective roles during the early stage of focal cerebral ischemic injury. RESULTS This study showed that nonselective NOS inhibitors(N G nitro L arginine) aggravated brain damage in the early stage of focal cerebral ischemia and selective iNOS inhibitors (Aminoguanidine )did not significantly improve the brain damage , but could decrease markedly the deterioration of brain damage. CONCLUSION It may be concluded that the NO from defferent cells and types of NOS play unlike roles in the early stage of focal cerebral ischemic injury.


This paper describes the design and implementation of a test instrumentation network configuration and verification system. Given a multivendor instrument part catalog that contains sensor, actuator, transducer and other instrument data; user requirements (including desired measurement functions) and technical specifications; the instrumentation network configurator will select and connect instruments from the catalog that meet the requirements and technical specifications. The instrumentation network configurator will enable the goal of mixing and matching hardware from multiple vendors to develop robust solutions and to reduce the total cost of ownership for creating and maintaining test instrumentation networks.


Abstract — This paper investigates the accuracy of predicting the dynamic response by finite element modeling of structures with cracks. Steel and composite materials are widely used in various construction elements and composites in particular have increased substantially over the past few years. These materials are subjected to various types of damage, mostly cracks and delaminations. These result in local changes of the stiffness of elements from such materials and consequently their dynamic characteristics are altered. The cracks are modeled as such in case of stress analysis to study the stress pattern at those local regions of crack, while in case of dynamic analysis an equivalent model is built with many assumptions. While there are many literatures available on these, there is literally none that has investigated the effect on the results of the analysis with such models. Keywords — delaminations, stiffness, crack, dynamic analysis I. I NTRODUCTION The aim of the work presented in this paper is to analyse the influence of mesh and spring stiffness values on the error in dynamic analysis and modal frequency values of a beam. This problem has been solved by using the finite element method. The damaged part of the structures has been modeled by contact finite elements with failures, while the undamaged parts have been represented by other, well known finite elements.


Integrated power systems (IPSs) with medium voltage direct current (MVDC) distribution are gaining importance in civil and defense marine vessels as they promise to provide cleaner, more reliable operation of vessels along with reduced fuel consumption. The integration of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in the MVDC distribution system enables peak shaving of generators, optimal scheduling of generators, and near instantaneous power reserve. In this paper, an isolated bipolar dc-dc converter is presented which interfaces the BESS with the bipolar dc distribution bus. The proposed converter uses high frequency transformer isolation which helps in protecting the BESS against rapid discharge in the event of short circuit faults on the dc bus. Detailed steady-state analysis of the proposed converter is presented in this paper. A closed loop control system is developed in the MATLAB®/Simulink simulation platform which regulates the output of the isolated bipolar converter to its reference value. The dynamic performance of the converter is demonstrated with load variations on both the positive and negative buses. The battery discharge limiting capability is also verified.


Inner Mongolia is one of the main producting area which product coarse grain and bean crops. It is famous for broad area,best quality and long history.However,there are many problems in it.For example,the breed degenerated,the technology fell behind,and the area advantage can not be brought into play,and it is hard to put use in production pattern.In this article,the author suggested the method and


Bitcoin is a digital currency for which no authorities are responsible for tracking the provenance or ownership of coins. Instead, the complete transaction history is publicly available for all users to cryptographically validate. To address the double-spending problem, in which multiple conflicting valid histories are created, Bitcoin uses a proof-of-work algorithm which economically incentivizes extending the current canonical history while disincentivizing the creation of alternate histories. This innovation allowed, for the first time, the creation of a leaderless, censorshipresistant digital currency with no single point of failure. However, certain classes of users face challenges when using such a system. For the high-speed world of the cryptocurrency trader, transaction fees, variance in settlement times, publicly-broadcast transactions, as well as the risks of chain reorganizations can incur significant costs during their trading activities. However, bitcoin-denominated payments and contracts do not necessarily require settlement directly on the Bitcoin blockchain. The Liquid Network enables Bitcoin traders to achieve faster, more private settlements, and enjoy many other technological innovations, in exchange for working within a different security model. In addition, the Liquid Network supports the issuance of new assets native to the sidechain, enabling atomic exchange of assets via multi-asset transactions. All assets on the network (Liquid Bitcoin and Issued Assets) enjoy the same consistent one-minute block times and cryptographic confidentiality of asset types and transaction amounts. Liquid supports Bitcoin Script and protocols built on top of it, e.g., the Lightning Network, as well as script extensions that enable advanced features such as covenants, keytrees, and more. As a sidechain, Liquid supports transfers of bitcoins into and out of the system by means of a cryptographic peg. Bitcoin pegged into Liquid is referred to as Liquid Bitcoin or LBTC. The forward progress of the Liquid ledger and custody of the underlying bitcoin are controlled by a federation, and remain secure as long as over 2/3 of its members are honest.


in progress, or to prevent the evil that they saw to be imminent, but it could not be too often or too strongly insisted that " Hard cases make bad law ;" that was to say, the relaxation of a general rule to meet the hardships of a particular case was productive, in the long run, of more evil than it prevented. The conclusion to which ne came was, therefore, that a medical man was not under any circumstances justified in revealing the confidences of a sane patient without the patient's consent, and this conclusion he embodied in the following resolution: That in the opinion of this Association, information afforded by a sane patient for a better understanding or treatment of his malady to a medical man is sacred, and ought not to be revealed without the consent of the patient. They were still without guidance in a matter which to the members of the Associationwas vital, namely, the way inwhich the confidences of insane persons ought to be dealt with. Communications by the insane could not, it was clear, be dealt with under the same rule as the confidences of the sane. In a case of premeditated murder, for instance, any violation of confidence by the medical man would be ethically justified. But because they were clearly justified in revealing some of the confidences of their insane patients, it by no means followed that they were justified in revealing all. Suppose, for example, an unmarried woman confessed the fact that before she became insane she had been delivered of a child, thpy would clearly not be justified in revealing the matter. The 6ame applied to family affairs of a most delicate and compromising character. Clearly in such cases they were, if possible more strongly bound to observe secrecy than in the case of the confidences of sane people. With respect to the rule which should apply in such cases, there was a guide which appeared to be a safe one, and which certainly had a very authoritative sanction. They might conclude that information obtained from an insane patient might be revealed when, and only when, it was expedient for the welfare of the patient, or for the public safety. Dr. H. RAYNER said he most thoroughly agreed with the principle which Dr. Mercier had expressed. The confidences of patients should be respected to the fullest extent, and he was very glad that the reader of the paper had given the Association an opportunity of putting itself right in that matter. He felt that the profession at large had been put in a rather wrong position by the utterances and opinions expressed at the trial which had been quoted. Dr. G. F. BLANDFORD said he fully agreed with all that Dr. Mercier had said about professional secrecy in general, but the reader of the paper had not said much that specially applied to themselves as an Association-the question of secrecy with regard to insane patients. They were, of course, made the repositories of a great number of secrets by the insane, and it might very often happen that these were secrets of great consequence, not only to the patient himself, but to his friends. A patient might confide to them the idea that he might possibly commit suicide. He might confide to them ideas about his property, ideas that might be of great importance to his relatives. In the event of having gloomy ideas about the property that he possessed, he might try to get rid of it, half ruining himself; hence it was clear that it would be well for his family that such ideas should be communicated to them. Then, again, there might be cases of absolute danger to other people. On one occasion, for instance, a patient came to him with a delusion about things in general. That man carried a revolver in his pocket with which he threatened to shoot anybody who interfered with him. He said he was persecuted, and was going to apply for redress to evelybody in the House of Lords and House of Commons. There were many cases touching the insane regarding which it was very difficult to determine whether to observe complete secrecy or not among the members of a patient's family. But it was a very salutary prineiple to lay down, that as far as was possible the same professional confidence should be observed with regard to insane pershp s as with regard to the sane. Dr. &G H. SAVAGE observed that in the future discussion there w. uld be many points to consider, but one or two instances o'patients had struck him as somewhat novel. In the case of minor certain facts in his history might make it a question \ether it would not be justifiable to communicate the cause of the trouble to his parents; or a father consulted a physician about a daughter, giving certain symptoms, and certain advice was given. The girl hears that certain advice had been given, and demanded information as to what the physician had been told by her father regarding her symptoms; or, the child of a lunatic was extremely delicate, and it was a question whether it could be reared. An enormous fortune depended upon the living of that child whose mother was not trusted by the guardians. They, believing that the child might be replaced or, if it died, another substituted, asked the physician to give points by which the child might be identified at any time or its body. In such a case Dr. Savage said he would decline to give to a lawyer the information as to the identity of the child. In conclusion, Dr. Savage observed that the profession had been misunderstood, and that there was only one rule in relationship to this matter: to do unto others as ye would that others should do unto you. After some remarks from Dr. KESTEVEN and Dr. E. WHITE, Dr. MERCIER said he would postpone his reply to the resumed debate at the annual meeting.


The invention relates to an element, in particular laminated glass element, comprising at least a first transparent substrate and at least a second, preferably transparent, substrate, an electrical load, in particular a lamp. The invention is characterized in that the at least first transparent substrate comprising at least one conductor path or an electrically conductive layer and the at least second, preferably transparent, substrate also comprising at least one conductor path or an electrically conductive layer and the conductor track or the electrically conductive layer is substantially are transparent.


Firstly the reacting polyaminoamide was used to react with a hydrophobic compound to form a polymer with hydrophobic side-chains, then to react and crosslink with epichlorohydrin to form cationic resin, finally to react with styrene by emulsion polymerisation to get the product. Influencing factors like materials proportion, reacting times and reacting temperature were discussed, the optimum condition was confirming. Comparing with conventional PAE wet strength agent, the product can improve wet strength and dry strength more significant.


In this paper, we are concerned with the independence test for k high-dimensional sub-vectors of a normal vector, with fixed positive integer k. A natural high-dimensional extension of the classical sample correlation matrix, namely block correlation matrix, is proposed for this purpose. We then construct the so-called Schott type statistic as our test statistic, which turns out to be a particular linear spectral statistic of the block correlation matrix. Interestingly, the limiting behavior of the Schott type statistic can be figured out with the aid of the Free Probability Theory and the Random Matrix Theory. Specifically, we will bring the so-called real second order freeness for Haar distributed orthogonal matrices, derived in Mingo and Popa (2013)[10], into the framework of this high-dimensional testing ∗Corresponding author. †Z.G. Bao was supported by a startup fund from HKUST. ‡J. Hu was partially supported by Science and Technology Development Foundation of Jilin (Grant No. 20160520174JH), Science and Technology Foundation of Jilin during the "13th Five-Year Plan" and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11301063). §G.M. Pan was partially supported by a MOE Tier 2 grant 2014-T2-2-060 and by a MOE Tier 1 Grant RG25/14 at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. ¶W. Zhou was partially supported by R-155-000-165-112 at the National University of Singapore. 1527


Taking western Jilin Province as the study area, we build up a parameter model for the retrieval of land surface temperature from NOAA/AVHRR data. On the basis of comparative analyses of 4 conventional split window algorithms for surface temperature retrieval applied to AVHRR data on 5 July 2000, Coll and Caselles algorithm gives the best temperature estimation. The results are essential to the evaportranspiration estimation.


In this paper we investigate the reduced gravity two and a half model in oceanic fluid dynamics. In a finite domain (for the initial-boundary value problem), we obtain time-independent estimates, which allow us to show the existence and uniqueness of regular solutions as well as the decay rate estimates. A collection of the decay rate estimates for \begin{document}$h_i-\widetilde{h}_i$ \end{document} (with \begin{document}$\widetilde{h}_i$ \end{document} being the stationary layer thickness) and \begin{document}$u_i(i = 1,2)$ \end{document} in \begin{document}$L^2(Ω)$ \end{document} -norm as well as \begin{document}$H^1(Ω)$ \end{document} -norm as time \begin{document}$t \to \infty $ \end{document} are established.


ACOEM Publications Committee: Gregg M. Stave, MD, Chairman Paul W. Brandt-Rauf, MD William B. Bunn III, MD Thomas J. Chester, MD Alan L. Engelberg, MD Joseph J. Fanucchi, MD David H. Garabrant, MD Gary N. Greenberg, MD Tee L. Guidotti, MD Alan H. Hall, MD Jeffrey S. Harris, MD Jessica Herzstein, MD Benjamin H. Hoffman, MD Michael G. Holthouser, MD Ronald Leopold, MD Robert K. McLellan, MD Jack Richman, MD Robert B. Swotinsky, MD S ince 1981, the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) has published a recommended library in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.This library was published on-line, starting in 1997. Compiled by ACOEM's Publications Committee, the Library is a selection of suggested texts focusing on the field of occupational medicine and its major subdisciplines. The Committee would like to thank Dr Robert K. McLellan for compiling the Library. This Library clearly identifies a basic core of texts essential for the general practice of occupational and environmental medicine. In addition, certain texts, indicated by an asterisk (*), are considered the best for the first purchase in a subject area. For those physicians new to the field of occupational and environmental medicine, the Library will assist them in creating a core curriculum library in the specialty; experienced occupational and environmental physicians can benefit by updating their library with the more advanced texts. Inclusion in the Library does not signify endorsement by the ACOEM. Recommendations regarding future editions are welcome and should be directed to Marianne Dreger, MA, 1114 N. Arlington Heights Road, Arlington Heights, IL 60004–4770.


Recent laboratory measurements [Molina et al. 1997] have indicated that the heterogeneous chlorine activation reaction ClONO2+HCl ⟶ HNO3+Cl2 has a reaction probability of about 0.02 on aluminum oxide particles (alumina). Since alumina is among those substances emitted by solid rocket motors (SRMs), we have assessed the heterogeneous chemical impact of SRM‐emitted alumina on stratospheric ozone using the Goddard Space Flight Center two‐dimensional photochemistry and transport model. Historical launch rates of the Space Shuttle, Titan III, and Titan IV rockets were used in time‐dependent and steady‐state model calculations. Variations in the temporal ozone decreases reflected the fluctuation in launch rate frequency. The annually averaged global total ozone (AAGTO) is computed to decrease by 0.025% by the year 1997. About one‐third of this AAGTO change results from the SRM‐emitted alumina while about two‐thirds is due to SRM‐emitted hydrogen chloride.


Tore Supra is the largest Tokamak with superconducting coils. This unique feature enables a large part of the physics programme to be dedicated to long pulse operation (30-60 s). After a brief description of some peculiar aspects of the Tore Supra magnets, the paper reports about the 6 year operating experience. Particular emphasis is put on the mechanical behaviour of the coils under repetitive loadings, on the thermal loads and cooling systems and on the protection and safety systems. Tore Supra has now been routinely operated with a current maintained constant on a whole day basis (total accumulated time at 1.8 K of 14000 Hours) for a programme of more than 16000 shots. While 31 safety discharges have been triggered for undue reasons, only one real quench has been detected for which the protection system reacted as expected.


The relevance of the article's topic is determined by the fact that the etchings of Giovanni Battista Piranesi, one of Mstislav Valerianovich Dobuzhinsky's favorite artists, have never been specifically examined as artistic sources of his work.The scientific novelty of this article lies in the fact that it is the first attempt to analyze the influence of G.B. Piranesi's etchings on the works of M.V. Dobuzhinsky. The author uses a complex method that combined the source analysis of the artist's memoirs and letters, the traditional formal analysis of his works in comparison with Piranesi's etchings and architectural monuments of Ancient Rome. The article also examines the industrial city motifs in Charles Dickens' novels "The Old Curiosity Shop" and "Little Dorrit". This made it possible to significantly expand and deepen the existing understanding of the historical, artistic and literary sources of architectural motifs and architectural fantasies in M.V. Dobuzhinsky's works.The article reveals that G.B. Piranesi's etchings from the series "Carceri" and "Vedute di Roma" influenced Dobuzhinsky's fantasy drawings "Everyday life", "Holiday" and the landscape "London. On the Bridge". Piranesi's etchings from these series also influenced Dobuzhinsky's fantasy drawings of 1909—1921 on the theme of the city. In the early 1920s, some of the drawings were combined into the series "City Dreams". The author also reveals the participation of industrial city images from Russian symbolist poetry, especially Valery Bryusov, in the formation of similar motifs in Dobuzhinsky's works.


In their interesting report, which attempts to assess the mechanism of action of felbamate, Rho and colleagues [l) describe electrophysiological data they interpret; they attempt to relate an action of the anticonvulsant compound felbamate to an inhibition of N-methyh-aspartate (NMDA) currents and potentiation of chloride flux involving the y-aminobutyric acid, iGABAA) receptor system. The concentration of felbamate required to elicit an effect on NMDA and GABA currents was in the range of l to 3 mM. The results of Rho and colleagues [ 11 indicate a channel blocking action of felbamate that involves a barbiturate-like receptor as well as inhibition of NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory synaptic responses. Previous binding studies have clearly indicated a mechanism of action for felbamate to interact at the strychnineinsensitive glycine recognition site on the NMDA receptorionophore complex both in rat (IC,, = 374 pM) [2] and human ( I & = 307 pM) {33 brain tissue. Interaction at this site would be expected to reduce NMDA-associated channel opening via neuromodulation resulting in anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects. The observation of Rho and colleagues [ 11 appears to support this conclusion although they downplay the role ofglycine due to its inability in their investigations t(> reverse and counteract the overall peak effect of fclbarnate. Both glycine or the glycine agonist, d-serine, however, have been shown to reverse the in vitro neuroprotective [4) and in vivo anticonvulsant [ S } effects of felbamate. In addition, Harmsworth and co-workers [GI recently reported that telbarnate ( 300 FM) significantly limited the ability of glycine t o enhance NMDA-induced Ca2+ transients in cerebellar granular cells. The biological relevance of this concentration o f felbamate is demonstrated by the fact that levels of this magnitude are achieved when both neonatal t2) and adult [ 7 1 rats are administered neuroprotective and anticonvulsant doses o f felbamate. Moreover, Adusumalli and collaborators [ X ] have shown that epileptic patients receiving felbamate achieve brain levels of the drug up to 309 pM. The direct involvement of GABA, receptors in mediating the ability of felbarnate as suggested by Rho and colleagues 111 may not be tenable. Ticku and co-workers [9] have shown concentrations of felbamate up to 1 mM do not affect ligands that bind to the GABA, receptor complex (GABA, flunitrazepam to t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate). Rho and colleagues 111 observed peak effects on the GABA (potentiation of conductance) and NMDA (inhibition of conductance) systems in the 1 to 3 mM range. At 300 IJ.M felbamate they report only 2095 potentiation and 10% inhibition of GABA and NMDA currents, respectively. The IC,, for felbamate inhibition of NMDA currents was 1.8 mM, which is approximately sixfold higher than the concentration of felbamate to inhibit by 50% 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid binding [2]. The EC,, for felbamate potentiation of GABA-mediated chloride currents could not be established. Thus, the relevance of these observations, especially at these very high concentrations, is questionable and probably bears very little relevance to the mechanism of action of felbamate.


The balance between child bearing and work is an important practical question for little kids' parents.Now small children before the age of 6 are over 100,000,000 taking 1/5 of the population of world's small chilren.Good and reasonable public child service by government and friendly family policy by companies and organizations are the benefits and growth requirements for this huge pre-children group,and essential factors for their parents especially their mothers' social participation and vocational development.In recent years,public kindergarten service's socialization and marketing result in difficult and expensive infant school entering,and it cannot meet social satisfaction.Under this background,whether Chinese pre-school children's parents face the difficulty balancing child bearing and work is of practical meaning for us to understand the social environment for child bearing and offer reference to the government.


The article engages in a close reading of Goethe's sonnet "Machtiges Uberraschen", published in the sonnet cycle of 1807. In it the poetic voice evokes a mountain river whose course is suddenly interrupted by the limiting force of a dam. Paradoxically, however, the effect of this is not stagnation, but the emergence and celebration of a "new life". This paradox will be illuminated by a discussion of Goethe's "Morphologie" as a universal scientific method. Morphology studies the infinite variety of (natural) forms while also insisting on their individual limitation. Goethe's understanding of life lingers on the co-presence of "coined form" and "living development" as he formulates it in "Urworte. Orphisch". "Machtiges Uberraschen" is read as a poem that embodies this fundamental polarity. The sonnet refers time and again to the borders and limitations of both the natural image it evokes and its own poetic properties. Simultaneously, it suggests the transgression of these limitations on both a formal (or structural) and a metaphorical level. As a poetological sonnet, "Machtiges Uberraschen" unifies the representation (of a natural event) with a reflection on representation as such. The announcement of a "new life" in the last stanza of the poem is thus read as an announcement of its own coming-into-being.


Electromagnetic articulograph (EMA) devices are capable of measuring movements of the articulatory organs inside and outside the vocal tract with fine spatial and temporal resolutions, thus providing useful articulatory data for investigating the speech production process. The position of the receiver coil is detected in the EMA device on the basis of a field function representing the spatial pattern of the magnetic field in relation to the relative positions of the transmitter and receiver coils. Therefore, the design and calibration of the field function are quite important and influence the accuracy of position detection. This paper presents a nonparametric method for representing the magnetic field, and also describes a method for determining the receiver position from the strength of the induced signal in the receiver coil. The field pattern in this method is expressed by using a multivariate spline as a function of the position in the device's coordinate system. Because of the piecewise property of ...


Vibration characteristics of elastically fastened mass in a liquid continuum are considered here. The suspended mass is elastically fastened in cylindrical vessel containing fluid. In acoustic statement, free oscillations of a hollow rigid cylinder containing incompressible liquid medium are considered. The surrounding liquid continuum is modeled in according to potential theory. The equation of liquid motion is a wave equation and the frequency of vibration and number of modes of standing wave in the medium is exactly studied.


The Cu-Ni sulfide deposit and V-Ti-Fe deposit are important type of deposit related to mafic-ultramafic complex.It is not common that both of them were formed together in China In North Xinjiang,the complex related CuNi-VTiFe composite mineralization is more developed,such as Xiangshan,Niumaoquan,Tudunnan and Haladala.Most of the formation ages of them are Early Permain. The areas of the exposed complex are between 2.8km~2 to 22km~2,and its size is between small rockbody with conduit type Cu-Ni mineralization and large scale layered intrusion.The rhythm structure of the rocks is developed.The rock assemblage of the complex is ultrabasic-basic-intermediate rock,and it's characterized by the presence of leuco-diorite or leuco-gabbro.The oxide(ilmenite, magnetite) was coexisted with the sulfide(pyrite,pyrrhotite,chalcopyrite,on occasion pentlandite) in the rocks.The characters of ore-bearing rock assemblage and lithochemistry represent overlapping and transitional feature,comparing with the characteristics of the classical Cu-Ni sulfide deposit and V-Ti-Fe deposit.Geochemical characteristics of trace elements and rare earth elements show that different rock type of the complex maybe had the same or similar magma-derived and they were the products of intensive magmatic differentiation and evolution.The composite mineralization and typical Cu-Ni sulfide deposit and typical V-Ti-Fe deposit constitute a metallogenic spectrum related to post-collisional mantle-derived magma in North Xinjiang.


Computation using a semianalytical model of the optical signal-to-noise ratio margins brought by the introduction of a generic 2R regenerator in an optical transmission link is presented. The optimization of the discriminating level of the regenerator depending on the link conditions is discussed and a regenerator characterization method that can be used in system design is presented


An interesting problem in online social networks is the identification of user characteristics and the analysis of how these are reflected in the graph structure evolution. The basis of these studies are user similarity measures. In this paper, we approach user similarity from two angles. First, we propose a network similarity measure that considers only the graph structure and that, differently from existing techniques, takes into consideration also how two users are indirectly connected. Secondly, we propose a similarity measure based on user profile information, such to find semantic similarities between users. Moreover, since user profile data could be missing, we present a technique to infer them from profile items of the user contacts. We evaluate our similarity measures on Facebook and DBLP data.


The theme of this article is ethno-demographic history of the ethnic group of Russian old residents of the settlement of Pokhodsk in Nyzhnekolymsk region (the Yakutiya Sakha Republic of Russia) in the the XX century. These people originated from Russian migrants who had been living in this region since the middle of the XVII century, and they have managed to preserve their own ethnic group, language and culture for centuries under very complicated conditions.


The post-harvest grading of apples is the key to improve the competitiveness of apples in high-end market. A grading method based on machine vision and image processing technology is proposed in this paper, which is different from traditional manual grading technology. In this paper, the original image collected by machine vision technology is used to extract the apple area based on common morphological operations and hole filling, and the apple outline is extracted by Canny edge detection. Secondly, the red component, roundness, fruit diameter, defect area and color distribution are extracted. Finally, the optimal penalty factor and kernel function parameters are obtained by particle swarm optimization, and a support vector machine classification model is constructed to classify apples. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of support vector machine is 92.9%, which verifies the feasibility of the method.


THIS ARTICLE WILL REVIEW selectively recent progress in the pathology of ovarian tumors, with particular emphasis on those aspects that relate to the management of the patient. Steroid-biochemical and immunologic advances, newly developed diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and animal experimentation have all contributed to the understanding of the biology of ovarian neoplasia, and will also receive brief consideration.


This article develops a formal semantic and syntactic analysis of distributive numerals in Tlingit, a highly endangered language of Alaska, British Columbia, and the Yukon. Such numerals enforce a 'distributive reading' of the sentence, and thus are one instance of the broader phenomenon of 'distance distributivity' (Zimmermann 2002). As in many other languages, a Tlingit sentence containing a distributive numeral can describe two distinct kinds of 'distributive scenarios': (i) a scenario where the distribution is over some plural entity (e.g. 'My sons caught three fish each'), and (ii) one where the distribution is over some plural event (e.g. 'My sons caught three fish each time') (Gil 1982, Choe 1987, Zimmermann 2002, Oh 2005). Despite this apparent ambiguity, I put forth a univocal semantics for Tlingit distributive numerals, one whereby they consistently invoke quantification over events. Under this semantics, the ability of distributive numerals to describe both kinds of scenarios in (i) and (ii) is due not to an ambiguity, but instead to the sentences having relatively weak truth conditions. In contrast to prior analyses of distributive numerals and distance distributivity, the proposed semantics does not actually make use of distributive operators, but nevertheless retains a rather conservative picture of the syntax-semantics interface. The analysis can also account for certain locality effects noted for distance distributives in Korean and German (Zimmermann 2002, Oh 2005), as well as an intriguing puzzle regarding distributive numerals and pluractionality in Kaqchikel (Henderson 2011). Finally, I show how the analysis can be extended to the well-known case of English 'binominal each'.


Antioxidants play important roles in food quality and the protection and promotion of human health. The most commonly used antioxidant determination techniques are the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and HPLC analyses. However, these methods have various disadvantages such as long time requirements, low sensitivity, interfering agents etc. Cyclic voltammetry at inert electrodes is another method for antioxidant determination. Although this method is easy to apply and gives rapid results, it is not sensitive enough to analyse many beverage antioxidants. In this study, the detection of antioxidants was achieved by covering the electrode with a poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) film. Polymerisation was performed electrochemically with 0.1 M 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and 0.1 M lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate using cyclic voltammetry at 1 mm dia. electrodes. Glassy carbon and gold electrodes substrates were tested and better results were obtained with the glassy carbon electrode. Polymerisation was performed using different potential ranges and the number of cycles was varied in order to find the optimum conditions. The optimum potential range was determined to be cycling between –300 mV and 1200 mV, and one to four cycles were applied to grow the films. Green tea and catechin solutions were used as test standards. Well defined peaks for antioxidants in solution were obtained with PEDOT electrodes prepared by four preparative cycles.


The yield traits, morphological traits and quality traits of transgenic soybean lines G0431and G0433 which were more resistant to Phytophthora sojae were investigated and analyzed. There were no obvious differences in yield traits between transgenic soybean and the control. In morphological traits, the pod habit of the 2 lines changed from sub-indeterminat to indeterminate. Comparing to the control, plant height of G0431 was lower and the growth period was shorter. In quality traits, the oil contents of the 2 lines were higherer while the protein contents were lower compared with the control.


I begin with an informal introduction to the subject of Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime, indicating its status as an approximate theory, its basic physical effect, and its range of validity. I emphasize the importance of the Hawking effect, and of the fact that - while an approximation - the subject appears to admit a consistent mathematical and conceptual framework in its own right. After some brief historical and motivational remarks, I then outline such a suitable mathematical framework for the case of a linear field theory. Its principal elements are a suitable algebra and a suitable set of admissible states. The discussion of the latter incorporates recent work of R.M. Wald and the author. Evidence is given that this framework is complete, allows for the definition of a suitable energy-momentum tensor, and - through a result of R.M. Wald and the author - gives new insight into the Hawking effect. I end by stating two conjectures whose resolution may lead to a deeper understanding of the subject. I point out a close connection between these conjectures and a question posed by Fredenhagen and llaag in their recent axiomatic discussion of quantum gravity.


Previous research work has already demonstrated that both the form of teaching as well as different teaching methods directly influence students' learning experience along with their psychobiological responses at the endocrine and autonomic level. Aiming to gain deeper insights into the constitution of the learning experience, this study examined the influence of external factors such as generally perceived life stress and self-efficacy on the immediate learning experience in different learning environments. Therefore, a randomized experimental field study was conducted in which both psychological constructs and physiological data (heart rate variability) were collected from healthy first-year medical students (n = 101) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In an effort to determine the consistency of the effects across various teaching formats, the same content of a practical histology course was carried out in a face-to-face setting as well as in passive and active online teaching. While self-efficacy was a strong predictor for positive course perceptions in all learning conditions (Pearson's r = 0.41–0.58), generally perceived worries correlated with higher anxiety during passive online learning and face-to-face learning (Pearson's r = 0.21–0.44), a finding supported by the negative correlation between the level of perceived life demands and enjoyment during the learning unit (Pearson's r = −0.40–−0.43). Here, we additionally report initial evidence pointing towards the role of reduced general life stress as a resilience factor for the expression of physiological stress parameters in an academic context (small-sized effect; Pearson's r = 0.18). The data gathered in this study illustrate the relevance of emerging emotional manifestations—either aversive; negative effect or positive; protective effect—for the immediate learning process and thus establish a connection between medical education and the importance of mental health and wellbeing—especially discussed against the background of current social and political challenges in increasingly complex societal structures.


The aim of this preliminary exploration was to investigate whether any change in the reading behaviour of school children occurred following participation in a rhythm-based music intervention. This investigation, underpinned by hypothetical processes of 'temporal regulation' and 'temporal integration', involved the application of the rhythm-based music intervention as an entrainment activity. The methodology of this small scale investigation employed a mixed experimental design. The randomly selected participants were school children, nine to 10 years of age. Although the sample was small, an effect was found in gains in reading comprehension, for the children that participated in the rhythm-based music intervention. Medium effect sizes were also found for gains in rhythmic discrimination and reading accuracy. The main limitation of this research was that the sample was small and was drawn from only one school.


The objective of this paper is to analyze errors in the use of noun clauses made by senior English major students at Van Hien University. Identifying and analyzing errors as well as finding out the causes of errors are crucial in foreign language learning. Learning from previous studies about errors analysis, this case study focuses on analyzing thirty academic essays in order to find out solutions to improve accuracy in language competence for learners. The results explains that errors concludes 35 omission errors (51%), 15 misformation errors (22%), 13 addition errors (19%), 6 misordering errors (8%). The error analysis contributes to raising awareness about the precise use of general English syntax and noun clauses in particular to improve learners' language ability


Background: Presence of intra uterine infections is one of the important risk factors for preterm labour. Bacterial vaginosis is one of the commonest genital infections during pregnancy and the prevalence ranges from 4 to 64% depending upon the racial, geographic factors. Most of the cases of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy are asymptomatic and goes unrecognized. Some of the studies state that treatment of bacterial vaginosis is not associated with reduction in preterm birth rates among mothers with no history of preterm birth. The present was conducted to study the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in women presenting with preterm labour and term labour and to analyze the causal relationship between bacterial vaginosis and preterm labour. The study also recorded the outcome of maternal and neonatal complications associated with bacterial vaginosis Methods: An observational study was conducted on 100 patients with preterm and term labour. Swabs were collected from all the patients and bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed based on Amsel's criteria. Pearson's chi-square test was used to demonstrate the difference between both groups with respect to various categorical data. Independent t- test was used to compare the mean maternal age and mean gestational age at admission in both the groups. Results: The mean maternal age of members in preterm labour was 25.60+4.295 and of term labour was 25.38 ± 4.01 years. Among preterm labour group only 14 cases were suggestive of bacterial vaginosis and 2 cases among 25 cases in labour group. The proportion of cases who were diagnosed as BV positive based on Amsel's criteria were found more in preterm labour group than term labour group and was found statistically significant (p value = 0.001). Significantly more number of patients in preterm labour group demonstrated culture swab positivity with pathogenic organisms than in term labour group and was found statistically significant with p value=0.048. Conclusions: The present study clearly demonstrates significant association of preterm labour with bacterial vaginosis. Therefore, the screening for bacterial vaginosis as a routine during pregnancy and its prompt treatment may reduce the risk of preterm labour. This will also go a long way in the prevention of neonatal complications due to prematurity.


Miniaturization of transistors is but a single leg of the race to improve speed in integrated circuits (IC). Interconnect is equally as crucial to the performance of advanced technology node devices. As production devices are emerging at the 14nm node, there is a corresponding and necessary reduction in interconnect pitch. Blazing fast processing speeds and densely packed routing intensifies the imperative to use advanced ultra-low-k (ULK) dielectric materials to reduce the RC time delay, minimize crosstalk and lower power consumption. Technological evolution has ushered in the integration of progressively lower dielectric constant materials starting with fluorinated dense materials through carbon-laden polymers, organically modified SiOx and into the era of porous silicate materials with incorporated organic species. While these porous insulators have proven to perform admirably, there are concurrent collateral complexities for process integration and as well as for characterization. These materials are less thermally and mechanically robust than their traditional SiOx predecessors. Nevertheless, the reliability of the IC is dependent on the ability of the dielectric to maintain its integrity through the severe processing steps and beyond. A multitude of characterization opportunities are generated by the use of ULK materials in the interlevel dielectric (ILD) and the required complex support network of films for diffusion barrier, adhesion, etch stop to name a few.


The study investigated management of school facilities for effective instructional delivery in colleges of education in North Central states of Nigeria.  Four research questions guided the study. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. One thousand one hundred and eighty five (1,185) respondents, involving one thousand and ninety two (1,092) students, sixty three (63) lecturers, seventeen (17) staff of works department and thirteen (13) management staff selected through simple sampling by balloting were used for the study. College of Education School Facilities Management Questionnaire (COESFMQ) was used as instrument for data collection. The data collected were analyzed with mean and standard deviation to answer research questions. The findings revealed that both lecturers and students often and seldomly utilized the available facilities for effective instructional delivery. Some problems encountered by both lecturers and management staff in the management of school facilities include poor funding, lack of statistical data and poor maintenance culture. The findings also revealed that some of the strategies include: improved funding of education, regular maintenance of facilities, provision of adequate facilities and equipment. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others, that government should make sure that the facilities are adequately available, well utilized and maintained for effective instructional delivery.


Gas‐gun impact techniques have been used to investigate the electrical response of shock‐depoled PZT 56/44 ferroelectric ceramic disks in the stress range rom 0.7 to 8.8 GPa. External short‐circuit current pulses were measured as the shock wave propagated axially through the disk in a direction either parallel or antiparallel to the remanent polarization vector. Complete charge release was not observed in any of the shots. About 82% of the available charge was released for both orientations in the stress range from about 1.5 to 5.6 GPa. At stress levels of 6.8 and 8.8 GPa the charge release for the antiparallel orientation shots was less than for the parallel orientation shots. A series of electrical polarization reversal measurements was performed under nonshock conditions on PZT disks to estimate the electrical properties in the region ahead of the shock front. Maximum electric fields for the regions ahead of and behind the shock front were estimated to be 1–6 and 4–24 kV/mm, respectively, as the shock ...


In the paper, a tensile test was performed on in-house made tensile test machine. The test was conducted on 3D printed test samples made according to the ISO 527-2 standard. The samples are made of HI-PLA (High Impact Polylactide) polymer material with pronounced resistance to impact toughness and it is closer, according to its characteristics, to ABS material. The test samples were printed by FDM additive technology with different layer thickness and material filling percentage, and a central composite test plan was carried out. The conducted experiment resulted in stress-strain diagrams for 11 states of the test samples, on the basis of which the tensile strength of the HI-PLA material was calculated. The obtained values were compared with the tensile strength values for ABS material.


Abstract The purpose of this research was to compare the learning achievement in visual arts structure of Prathom Suksa 4 students taught with programmed instruction and lecture method. The sample used in the research consisted of 60 Prathom Suksa 4 student in the 2nd semester of the 2551 B.E. (2008 A.D.) academic year at Wat Tong Yoi School, Amphoe Banna, Nakorn Nayok Province. They were acquired by simple random sampling and assigned by drawing ballots into experiment group 1 and group 2,each 30 students. Group 1 was taught with programmed instruction and group 2 by the lecture method. The researcher conducted the experiment herself applying the same content for both groups. The experiment consisted of six 50 - minute sessions. The experiment was a Randomized Control Group Pre - test Design. The data analysis was conducted by t - test for independent sample, different score. The research finding reveals that the students who were taught with the programmed instruction had higher learning achievement than those who were taught with the lecture method at .01 level of significance.


An eight-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with a history of left median paramedian frontal craniectomy due to car trauma at six months of age. Axial computed tomography of the skull with reconstruction in three dimensions revealed an arachnoid cyst with slight herniation of the brain in the frontal lobe, leading to protrusion against the skullcap, causing dilation of the ex-vacuum of the anterior extension of the homolateral lateral ventricle. He presented asymmetrical lateral ventricles, a reduced base cistern, and a slightly ectatic IV centred ventricle. After the physical examination, no neurological deficit was found, despite the changes identified in the images. It is believed that such conditions may progressively worsen with the development and maturation of nervous tissue over the age of the assessed child. To confirm this, specialized monitoring is of fundamental importance.


AbstractFormulated by Piaget and indirectly brought into focus by the Montessori methodology, haptic perception is a relatively new concept in American education. Work in England and Russia antedates that found in the United States. Concannon and Coyle completed studies in haptic perception with young children from Montessori and non-Montessori classes. Differences in kind of treatment were non-significant (individual vs. group teaching) while Ss in Montessori classes differed significantly from non-Montessori Ss.


Bugs in Debian differ from regular software bugs. They are usually associated with packages, instead of software modules. They are caused and fixed by source package uploads instead of code commits. The majority are reported by individuals who appear in the bug database once, and only once. There also exists a small group of bug reporters with over 1,000 bug reports each to their name. We also explore our idea that a high bug-frequency for an individual package might be an indicator of popularity instead of poor quality.