Drug-eluting stents implanted in the coronary arteries substantially improve long-term outcomes for restenosis. The utility of the stents in peripheral atherosclerosis is under evaluation. Drug-eluting stent evaluation with coronary arteries appears to be an excellent method for evaluating human safety end points. Predicting clinical efficacy remains unclear, however. Because drug-eluting stents are undergoing development for human peripheral arteries, safety and efficacy questions arise in much the same context as they did for the coronary arteries. As they did with the coronary arteries, the clinical, scientific, regulatory, and commercial communities are seeking acceptable criteria for peripheral device evaluation. Substantial differences in stent requirements and biological effects for bare metal peripheral stents depend on implant site. Different anatomic locations under evaluation include femoral, renal, and neurologic arterial stents, and other peripheral applications such as outflow veins of dialysis arteriovenous fistulae are being evaluated. Peripheral in-stent restenosis is less of a problem in carotid and aortoiliac stents and in iliac veins and in the cavae. In general, the benefit:risk ratio for drug-eluting stents may be less for peripheral stents. It is for this reason that peripheral stent performance should be evaluated carefully.

This document presents an integrated recommendation set for evaluating drug-eluting stents in peripheral vessels with preclinical models. The recommendations encompass study design, experimental performance, and histopathologic evaluations and emphasize the need to evaluate safety and efficacy at multiple points in time. The present document is a consensus of clinical, academic, and commercial groups—all experts in the evaluation of preclinical investigational or interventional devices. Because preclinical peripheral studies are less well understood than are coronary models, the recommendations do not prescribe a single method for device evaluation; they instead provide broad suggestions for evaluation. Peripheral vascular knowledge will increase as correlations of preclinical with clinical data become available. Future versions of this …


This article is devoted to the solving task of developing a jamming device for suppressing small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles. The paper analyzes modern devices and systems for jamming, means of electronic countermeasures for unmanned aerial vehicles, their features and the principle of operation are indicated. The relevance of these devices to date is substantiated. A small-sized device for jamming in the frequency range from 433 to 6 GHz has been developed. Its structural and circuit diagram has been synthesized, the printed circuit board of this device has been designed on a modern element base. Designed, manufactured and tested a transmitting antenna for this device.


The invention specifically relates to a vehicle-mounted oxygen supply apparatus which comprises a main control panel, wherein the input end of the main control panel is connected with a DC power supply, the output end of the main control panel is connected with a three-phase AC asynchronous air compressor and an electromagnetic valve, the air inlet of the three-phase AC asynchronous air compressor is connected with an air inlet filter, the air outlet of the three-phase AC asynchronous air compressor is connected with the air inlet of the electromagnetic valve, the output end and air outlet ofthe electromagnetic valve are connected by an air passage, the electromagnetic valve is also in bidirectional connection with a molecular sieve by an air passage, and the output end of the molecular sieve is connected with an oxygen storage tank by an air passage. By using the DC power supply to supply power and using the main control panel to control and output three-phase AC to drive the low-voltage three-phase AC asynchronous air compressor to work so as to provide stable compressed air to an oxygen-producing part, the vehicle-mounted oxygen supply apparatus of the invention has the advantages of high driving efficiency, good electromagnetic compatibility, low noise and low noise, can work in a wide temperature range, especially can still work at a low temperature below minus 40 DEG C.


We consider a theoretical model where firms can reduce their initial unit costs by spending on R&D. We show that the degree of product market collusion (captured by the coefficient of cooperation) might reduce firms' profits if innovation is made non-cooperatively. The intuition is that non-cooperative R&D introduces a negative externality where firms invest over and above the amount required to minimize costs so as to extract profits from their rival firm. Therefore, when product market competition drops below a certain level, a relatively large amount is spent on R&D with just a small output, making further collusion unprofitable. On the contrary, a Research Joint Venture (RJV) helps to internalize the externality and further product market collusion always increases firms' profits. As a consequence, total welfare may be lower if R&D is made cooperatively.


Objective:The purpose of this article is to detect the pathogenesis of micturition syncope. Through the analysis of the change of heart rate (HR),blood pressure (BP) ,and heart rate variability (HRV) in head-up tilt testing (HUTT),and the new therapy method against this disease was put forward. Method:Sixteen patients with micturition syncope and 20 healthy volunteers as controls were examined on Basic Head-up Tilt Testing (BHUT) as well as nitroglycerin induced head-up tilt testing (NGTT). Non-traumatic BP and electrocardiogram monitoring were used during the whole process of HUTT. HRV were analyzed every 3 minutes. Result:Positive reaction (presence of signs or symptom of micturition syncope) occurred in six of 16 micturition syncope patients. The HR reached the maximum of 105.67±19.68 bpm averaged at the point before the onset of micturition syncope. The HR during syncope dropped 50.32±12.5% than the highest HR before the onset of syncope, while the SBP,DBP,MAP each dropped (17.62±6.32)%,(16.78±6.98)%, and(17.27±4.96)% than that the patients were tilted before. No volunteer occurred syncope in the HUTT. Through the HRV analysis, we found after tilting to 70° the normalization low frequency power (LFn) and the ratio of normalization low frequency power and normalization high frequency power (LFn/HFn) all increased, while the HFn decreased. Before the onset of syncope, the LFn and LFn/HFn increased to the maxmum and the HFn decreased to the minimum. At the point of the onset of syncope, the LFn and LFn/HFn decreased sharply while the HFn increased dramatically. The variation of LFn,HFn,LFn/HFn of the 20 volunteers only changed slightly. Conclusion:The pathogenic mechanism of micturition syncope is closely related with the dysfunction of the regulation of autonomic nerves system (the excessive excitation of vagus and the insufficiency of the sympathetic excitation). Accordingly, based on the prevention of micturition syncope, if the antiparasympathetic drugs and the autonomic nerves regulator were administered, the better effects are promising.


Staphylococcal intoxication remains a major food-borne disease internationally. Many methods have been developed to detect the enterotoxins. The newest technique is the Latex Bead Reverse Passive Agglutination Test . The commercial system by Oxoid involves placing a liquid sample (0.025 ml) with or without toxin into a well of a Microtiter plate and then reacting with a liquid (0.025 ml) containing antitoxin coated latex beads and allowing the reaction to proceed for 24 hrs at 21 C before reading reactions. All four enterotoxins are detected by antitoxin A, B, C, and D beads. Positive reactions will result in the formation of a sheet of beads at the bottom of the wells due to antibody-antigen reactions whereas negative reactions will result in a "button" formed at the bottom of the wells. Sensitivity of the system is 2 ng/ml. To test the accuracy of SET-RPLA and to examine toxin profiles of Staphylococcus aureu . 243 strains of S. aureus were employed in this study. In the preliminary study, 96 strains of S.aureus isolated from different types of meat were used. All 96 strains were catalase, coagulase, and mannitol positive except 10 strains from pork chop and smoked ham which were coagulase and mannitol negative and 3 strains from fish fillet which were mannitol negative. The data from SET-RPLA using Microtiter plate system showed that 75 % of the isolates were toxigenic; however, these results considered to be non reliable since the culture fluids were not diluted to 1:100. The large number of positive enterotoxin reactions may have been due to false positive reactions. To study the effect of dilution (0, 1:10, and 1:100), incubation temperature (21C, 37C, and 45C), and assay method (Microtiter plate method and Capillary tube method) 26 laboratory S. aureus cultures were used. All strains were catalase, coagulase, and mannitol positive. Results of 45C incubation were discarded due to evaporation of reagents during incubation. Data obtained from Microtiter plate system showed that: 1. Dilution of culture fluid to 1:100 is necessary in order to minimize false positive reactions. However at this dilution there was possibility of missing some positive


After the subcutaneous injection of a given amount of trichloroethylen to rabbits, the author estimated colorimetrically the quantity of trichloroethylene exhaled from the lung by Jacobs' method with the use of an electrospectrometer; and obtained the following results. 1. The quantity of trichloroethylene exhaled increases rapidly one hour after the trichloroethylene administration, and it reaches the maximum three hours afterwards. The increase during this period draws a straight line, and thereafter decreasing gradually in a curve, the exhalation ceases by 24 or 28 hours later. 2. The total trichloroethylene exhaled amounts to 39.4 to 58.7 per cent of the quantity injected, showing an approximately parallel relationship between the two.


An ABO-incompatible red blood cell (RBC) transfusion (i.e., transfusion of RBCs with A or B antigens to a recipient with the corresponding antibodies) is fatal in 10% of cases[1][1] and is the main cause of death from transfusion. Errors leading to an ABO-incompatible transfusion can occur at any


Translation Studies has been through many transformations since James Holmes first approached the isssue of naming and drawing up a map of the discipline. This introductory article to this special edition of Language Matters bears testimony to the fact that South African research in Translation Studies has kept pace with the discipline in other countries and has been "shifting and expanding at an increasing rate" (Chesterman et al. 1998: Introduction). My aim here is to supply a theoretical and methodological context for the research that has been and is currently taking place in South Africa at the turn of the 21 Century.


Objective To analyze the clinical and CT imaging features of some patients diagnosed having corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with delayed diagnosis and treatment in Wuhan, Hubei Province for providing a reference for diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods A total of 55 patients diagnosed as having COVID-19 by RT-PCT or CT admitted to Wuhan Taikang Tongji COVID-19 Specialized Hospital from 2020-02-15 to 2020-02-25 were retrospectively analyzed. Case data were collected on the first-day history, and the chest CT, blood routine and C-response protein measurements. The clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and CT imaging features of the patients were analyzed. Results The first symptoms included fever in 33 cases (60.0%), cough in 30(54.6%) expectoration in 7(12.7%), dyspnea in 9(16.4%), chest distress in 15(27.3%), headache in 4(7.3%), fatigue in 33(60.0%), muscle soreness in 10(18.2%) and diarrhea in 7(12.7%). Most of the patients had normal white blood cell, lymphocyte and C-reactive protein levels. The imaging manifestations of CT lesions can be roughly divided into three categories: stripe shadow and consolidation as main clinical manifestations (26 cases, 47.3%), stripe shadow and consolidation mixed with ground glass opacity (10 cases, 18.2%) and patchy ground glass opacity (19 cases, 34.5%). Patients with more than two lobes involved were older, while other clinical and laboratory indexes were not closely related to imaging findings. Conclusions Most of the COVID-19 patients with delayed diagnosis and treatment may improve their clinical symptoms at the time of hospitalization with normal white blood cell, lymphocyte and C-reactive protein levels. Stripe shadow, consolidation, and patchy ground glass opacity are the major CT imaging findings. The patients with extensive lesions are older than these with localized CT imaging findings.

DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2020.05.04


This article explores the multiple and multifarious encounters of and with Globe, a 1-metre-diameter copper spherical sculpture hosting four cameras that has been rolled by the artist Janetka Platun and others in London, Shrewsbury and Delhi. Situating Globe in relation to Janetka's art practice and the wider 'art of rolling', and extending broader debates about globality, encounter and relational aesthetics, the article argues that Globe's journeys generated 'meaningful content' beyond an aesthetic moment of interaction by inspiring people to share stories, ideas and reflections on home, migration and belonging through their encounters with her. Globe's encounters were inspired by curiosity, often sparked by her materiality, mobility and 'globe-ness'. Rather than merely act as a prompt for people to reflect on home, migration and belonging, Globe has also been marked by her own journeys and encounters, reflecting their unpredictable and often transformative nature.


Summary.We show that Arrow-Debreu equilibria with countably additive prices in infinite-time economy under uncertainty can be implemented by trading infinitely-lived securities in complete sequential markets under two different portfolio feasibility constraints: wealth constraint, and essentially bounded portfolios. Sequential equilibria with no price bubbles implement Arrow-Debreu equilibria, while those with price bubbles implement Arrow-Debreu equilibria with transfers. Transfers are equal to price bubbles on initial portfolio holdings. Price bubbles arise in sequential equilibrium under the wealth constraint if some securities are in zero supply or negative prices are permitted, but cannot arise with essentially bounded portfolios.


DURING my 20 years on the editorial board of Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica much has changed in the world of medical publishing. On the technical side, we have moved from licking envelopes to complete electronic handling of manuscripts and a well-functioning online/electronic version of the journal. We also publish articles 'Early Online', thereby satisfying the authors' wish for a more speedy publication process. (www.blackwellpublishing.com/ journals/aas). Modern electronic publishing has also opened up the possibility of other types of subscriptions by institutions and consortia. We now have 9500 subscribers in 60 countries, compared with 4500 a few years ago, and have fulfilled the aim of the founding fathers to become a truly international journal. Most satisfying is the increased visibility on the market. Articles from Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica pop up as easily on the screen as those from the New England Journal of Medicine when searching for a topic. Indeed, in 2006, articles from our journal were downloaded (and read?) 200,000 times world wide. Our citation rate also went up (Table 1).


Let f be an element of F[X], the free associative algebra over a field F and n the maximum of the degrees of the variables and the multiplicities of the degrees in f . A partial ordering on the homogeneous elements of F[X] is defined such that if f is homogeneous and char Ftn!, then f can be decomposed into a sum of two polynomials fo and fl such that for O < m < n, fo is symmetric or skew symmetric in all its arguments of degree m depending on whether m is even or odd and fi is a consequence of polynomials of lower type than ff. Osborn's Theorem about the symmetry of the absolutely irreducible polynomial identities is obtained as a corollary. The same holds in the free nonassociative algebra. The proofs are combinatorial.


How unequal are the gains from trade? In this paper, I argue that the answer depends crucially on how much exporters vertically di¤erentiate in response to foreign competition and study the consequences of international trade on welfare of consumers across the income distribution. I develop a structural model in which consumer demand for higher-quality goods is nonhomothetic and …rms endogenously choose the quality of their products. The model can be brought to the data using random coe¢ cients demand estimation techniques and I infer demand and supply parameters for 7,000 highly disaggregated products. I …nd that competition and market structure strongly in‡uence the quality decisions of …rms. Particularly poor households in the EU bene…t from trade, but the e¤ect is overstated by about one third when supply side responses are not taken into account. Many thanks go to my advisors Ralph Ossa, Ali Hortaçsu, Felix Tintelnot, and Jonathan Dingel. I also would like to thank Kerem Cosar, Cristian Dagnino, Jessie Handbury, Amit Khandelwal, Ignacia Mercadal, Eduardo Morales, Derek Neal, Ippei Shibata, as well as participants of the international trade and industrial organization working groups at the University of Chicago for comments and suggestions. yUniversity of Chicago, firstname.lastname@example.com


Starting from a theory of interpretation stating that legal interprets are free, the Theorie des contraintes (Theory of constraints) tries to isolate some specific factors that influence, determine or simply occur in the law-decision process. The "constraints" reduce the field of possibilities for authors producing a legal enouncement, decision, or reasoning. It's not synonymous of obligations in the common legal sense, defining an obligation as a set of duties imposed by legal norms. The concept of "constraints" is not conceived in the order of "sollen" (ought) but in the order of "sein" (is). The hypothesis is as follows: there are specific legal constraints that are different from moral, economical, psychological or social factors, and such constraints also determine the legal decisions. This paper aims to conceptualize the specificity of such constraints and to establish typologies in order to allow a more precized identification.


PURPOSE: To prepare the subject composition, comprising a thromboxane A 2 receptor antagonist as an active ingredient and capable of promoting the curing of skin injuries and/or limiting the degree of the injuries. CONSTITUTION: This composition comprises a thromboxane A 2 antagonist, e.g. 7-oxabicycloheptane-substituted diamidoprostaglandin analog, a phenoxyalkylcarboxylic acid, a sulfonamidophenylcarboxylic acid or an arylthioalkylphenylcarboxylic acid as an active ingredient. The resultant composition is systemically or locally administered to skin during or after suffering thereof from a heat burn or a trauma or before or during or after suffering thereof from pressure injuries (e.g. a decubitus) when the skin suffers therefrom. The daily dose thereof is 5-2,500mg, preferably 10-2,000mg in the case of a systemic dosage form. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of lobaplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of cervical cancer.Methods: Twenty-six patients with Ⅰb-Ⅱb stage cervical cancer were treated by using lobaplatin and 5-fluorouracil regimen for 1-2 courses before radical hysterectomy.Results:After the neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT),the therapeutic effective rate was 100%,the toxic reaction was lighter,and there was a better acceptability for both patients and medical personnel.Conclusion:Clinical staging of Ⅰb-Ⅱb stage cervical cancer can be degraded after preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy,which will be beneficial for radical hysterectomy.


Cloud computing is a kind of Internet-based computing. Clouds are highly configured infrastructure, which allow the users to make the payment only for the services procured. Cloud computing is basically delivery of different type of services to an organization's computers and devices over the Internet. These resources can include tools and applications like data storage, servers, databases, networking, and software. As opposed to keeping records on a selective hard drive or other nearby storage devices, cloud-based storage makes it conceivable to spare them to a remote database or server farms in a protected and versatile manner. The electronic device just needs to access the web, using which it gets to access the data and the software programs to run it. Cloud computing is now days becoming a popular option for people and businesses for a number of reasons including cost savings, increased productivity, speed, efficiency, performance and security. For the most part the cloud is placed on data centers which are amazing to deal with countless clients. Load balancing mechanism comes into role to manage the workloads, which further defines the efficiency of the cloud. The basic aim behind balancing the load over the machines is to distribute workloads and then computing resources across one or more servers by reducing the energy consumption and providing maximum resource utilization. This paper gives concise information about load balancing, necessity to maintain the load and basic algorithm used to maintain the load over the cloud. In addition to this Static and dynamic load balancing algorithms have also been compared.


an educational setting. There are five chapters. The first, an introduction, is &dquo;On Understanding Simulation&dquo;. The second tells how simulation games relate to learning. A third chapter describes how teachers can design and use their own simulation games. Chapter 4 gives a sampling of commercial games, plus some variation of teacher-made games. Chapter five discusses the educational outlook, and contains a conclusion. The book is laced with very useful information such as Table I (see cut), which all teachers will find helpful. This book is recommended both for individual teachers, and for library holdings.


A 31-year-old woman during the eight month of second pregnancy was admitted to hospital because of fever, weakness, chest pain, painful skin over her leg, and dyspnea.Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a large, mobile vegetation, measuring 18x6 mm attached to the right coronary cusp with severe aorticregurgitation.Emergency cesarean section was performed, the newly born baby was 2530/47, Apgar 10/10.Consequently, cardiopulmonary bypass with subsequent aortic valve replacement with a bioprothesis was initiated immediately after cesarean section.Our observation shows that TEE is important to detect the presence, size, and consequence of valvular vegetation.


The standard fixed sub-band coding scheme has been modified to allow the center frequency of the two upper bands to vary in accordance with the dynamic movement of the vocal tract resonances F2 and F3. A relatively simple zero-crossing technique is used to measure the formants F2 and F3. Through the use of this variable band coder, it is possible to produce moderate-quality, intelligible speech at 4.8 kb/s (quality is slightly less than that of a 7.2-kb/s fixed sub-band coder and equal to that of about a 16-kb/s adm coder). The reasonably good intelligibility of the 4.8-kb/s variable-band coded speech can be attributed to the coders attempt to capture and encode those spectral components of the signal that are perceptually most significant (the region around the formants). The major advantage of the variable-band scheme is that its implementation is considerably less complex than other waveform coding schemes or vocoder systems that can produce intelligible, narrowband speech.


We study the structure and evolution of 'quasi-stars', accreting black holes embedded within massive hydrostatic gaseous envelopes. These configurations may model the early growth of supermassive black hole seeds. The accretion rate on to the black hole adjusts so that the luminosity carried by the convective envelope equals the Eddington limit for the total mass, M*+MBH≈M*. This greatly exceeds the Eddington limit for the black hole mass alone, leading to rapid growth of the black hole. We use analytic models and numerical stellar structure calculations to study the structure and evolution of quasi-stars. We show that the photospheric temperature of the envelope scales as Tph∝M−2/5BHM7/20*, and decreases with time while the black hole mass increases. Once Tph < 104 K, the photospheric opacity drops precipitously and Tph hits a limiting value, analogous to the Hayashi track for red giants and protostars, below which no hydrostatic solution for the convective envelope exists. For metal-free (Population III) opacities, this limiting temperature is approximately 4000 K. After a quasi-star reaches this limiting temperature, it is rapidly dispersed by radiation pressure. We find that black hole seeds with masses between 103 and 104 M⊙ could form via this mechanism in less than a few Myr.


In order to study the effect of rust - freeze coupling on the flexural bearing capacity of concrete beams, a rapid corrosion test, rapid freeze-thaw test and a rust - freezing coupling test were carried out for 18 model beams. Under the joint action of the corrosion of steel bars and the freeze-thaw cycle, the yield strength ratio of the test beam decreases with the increase of rust rate and freeze-thaw cycle, resulting in the decrease of its resistance to deformation. Based on the present proposed calculation formula under the action of corrosion and freeze-thaw cycles, through comparing and analyzing experimental data to establish the a new calculation model under the action of the reinforcement corrosion and the freeze-thaw cycle of flexural bearing capacity.


At some point, even the greatest tragedies become old news and a protracted crisis loses its punch. I fear that we have reached that point with the terrible drought that is affecting so many farmers in Southern Africa. There is nothing new to report and the devastation has been neatly summarised in widely reported facts and figures. But on a recent visit to a farm in northern KwaZulu- Natal, I was again reminded of the aching reality of the drought. Perennially green valleys have turned bleak from lack of rain and irrigation, and farmers in the region are realising only half the returns on their sugar cane crops. Game and cattle farmers are forced to choose the lesser of two evils: having their prized animals slaughtered to save them from the agony of dying of thirst and hunger.


Thrust misalignment in rocket nozzles is investigated for the situation where the gas flow field is misaligned with respect to the axis of the supersonic region of the nozzle. The analysis is based upon the threedimensional method of characteristics, and hence considers the full nonlinearity of the flow field. Numerical results are presented for a wide range of nozzle geometries. These results yield considerable insight into the thrust misalignment phenomenon, and indicate means by which thrust misalignment arising from certain kinds of nozzle misalignment can be reduced. Implications to thrust vector control are also discussed.


Fully implicit Runge-Kutta (IRK) methods have many desirable properties as time integration schemes in terms of accuracy and stability, but high-order IRK methods are not commonly used in practice with numerical PDEs due to the difficulty of solving the stage equations. This paper introduces a theoretical and algorithmic preconditioning framework for solving the systems of equations that arise from IRK methods applied to linear numerical PDEs (without algebraic constraints). This framework also naturally applies to discontinuous Galerkin discretizations in time. Under quite general assumptions on the spatial discretization that yield stable time integration, the preconditioned operator is proven to have condition number bounded by a small, order-one constant, independent of the spatial mesh and time-step size, and with only weak dependence on number of stages/polynomial order; for example, the preconditioned operator for 10th-order Gauss IRK has condition number less than two, independent of the spatial discretization and time step. The new method can be used with arbitrary existing preconditioners for backward Euler-type time stepping schemes, and is amenable to the use of three-term recursion Krylov methods when the underlying spatial discretization is symmetric. The new method is demonstrated to be effective on various high-order finite-difference and finite-element discretizations of linear parabolic and hyperbolic problems, demonstrating fast, scalable solution of up to 10th order accuracy. The new method consistently outperforms existing block preconditioning approaches, and in several cases, the new method can achieve 4th-order accuracy using Gauss integration with roughly half the number of preconditioner applications and wallclock time as required using standard diagonally implicit RK methods.


The Far UpStream Element (FUSE)-binding protein-interacting repressor (FIR), a c-myc transcriptional suppressor, is alternatively spliced removing the transcriptional repression domain within exon 2 (FIRDexon2) in colorectal cancers. SAP155 is a subunit of the essential splicing factor 3b (SF3b) subcomplex in the spliceosome. This study aims to study the significance of the FIR–SAP155 interaction for the coordination of c-myc transcription, premRNA splicing, and c-Myc protein modification, as well as to interrogate FIRDexon2 for other functions relating to altered FIR pre-mRNA splicing. Knockdown of SAP155 or FIR was used to investigate their reciprocal influence on each other and on c-myc transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, and protein expression. Pull down fromHeLa cell nuclear extracts revealed the association of FIR, FIRDexon2, and SF3b subunits. FIR and FIRDexon2 were coimmunoprecipitated with SAP155. FIR and FIRDexon2 adenovirus vector (Ad–FIR and Ad–FIRDexon2, respectively) were prepared to test for their influence on c-myc expression. FIR, SAP155, SAP130, and c-myc were coordinately upregulated inhumancolorectal cancer.These results reveal thatSAP155andFIR/FIRDexon2 forma complex and are mutually upregulating. Ad–FIRDexon2 antagonized Ad–FIR transcriptional repression of c-myc in HeLa cells. Because FIRDexon2 still carries RRM1 and RRM2 and binding activity to FUSE, it is able to displace repression competent FIR from FUSE in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, thus thwarting FIR-mediated transcriptional repression byFUSE.Thus aberrant FIRDexon2 production in turn sustained c-Myc expression. In conclusion, altered FIR and c-myc pre-mRNA splicing, in addition to c-Myc expression by augmented FIR/FIRDexon2–SAP155 complex, potentially contribute to colorectal cancer development. Mol Cancer Res; 10(6); 787–99. 2012 AACR. Introduction c-Myc plays a critical role in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. The c-myc proto-oncogene is activated in various tumors, and its ectopic expression generally induces transformation. The expression of c-Myc is tightly regulated in all stages of macromolecular biosynthesis, but how its regulation is coordinated between transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, and c-Myc protein modification remains largely unexplored. The Far UpStream Element (FUSE) is a sequence required for the proper transcriptional regulation of the human c-myc gene (1). The FUSE is located 1.5 kb upstream of the c-myc promoter P1 and recognized by the FUSE-binding protein (FBP); FBP is a transcription factor that stimulates c-myc expression through FUSE (2–4). Yeast 2-hybrid analysis revealed that FBP binds to a protein with transcriptional inhibitory activity termed the FBP-interacting repressor (FIR); by suppressing the TFIIH/p89/XPB helicase, FIR represses cmyc transcription (5). Cells from XPB and XPD patients are defective in FIR repression, indicating that mutations in TFIIH impair c-myc transcriptional regulation by FIR, which contributes to tumor development (6). In addition, FIRDexon2, an exon 2 lacking splice variant of FIR devoid of c-myc repression activity, is frequently found in human primary colorectal cancers but not in the corresponding noncancerous epithelium, indicating that a dominant, repression-defective FIR could be generated by altered pre-mRNA splicing in cancers (7). Thus, FIRDexon2 Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular Diagnosis (F8), Department of Frontier Surgery (M9), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba City, Chiba; Proteome Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki City, Osaka; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University Omori Medical Center; Biomedicinal Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKENAdvancedScience Institute,Wako, Saitama, Japan; Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo; and Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland Note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Molecular Cancer Research Online (http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/). K. Matsushita and T. Kajiwara contributed equally to this study. Corresponding Author: Kazuyuki Matsushita, Department of Molecular Diagnosis (F8), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. Phone: 81-43-226-2167; Fax: 81-43-226-2169; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-11-0462 2012 American Association for Cancer Research. Molecular Cancer Research www.aacrjournals.org 787 expression has the potential to promote tumor development by disabling authentic c-myc repression of FIR; thereby, high levels of c-Myc will sustain growth and often promote apoptosis by increasing the cell division rate, with associated genomic instability and checkpointdriven apoptosis as consequences. Splicing factor 3b (SF3b) is a subcomplex of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) in the spliceosome. SF3b consists of SAP130, SAP145, SAP155, and p14 subunits in nearly equimolar stoichiometry quantities (8). The p14 subunit, cross-linked to the branch point adenosine of pre-mRNA introns within the spliceosome, interacts stably with SAP155, and thus, SF3b is required for intron recognition (9). PUF60, a splicing variant of FIR, is a splicing factor–associated protein (8, 10). However, how FIR directly or indirectly interacts with U2 snRNPs is not yet known. Recently, SAP155 was found to directly bind to PUF60 (11, 12), but this was not determined in the case of FIR. In addition, 2 natural chemical derivatives, spliceostatin A (SSA; ref. 13) and pladienolide (14), inhibit SF3b and thereby induce an antitumor effect. These results imply that SF3b normally promotes tumors. In this study, the SAP155-mediated regulation of FIR/ FIRDexon2 expression was investigated along with its premRNA splicing in c-myc gene expression. We examined SF3b expression in excised human colorectal cancer tissues, effects of SAP155 knockdown or SSA treatment on FIR premRNA splicing, and total protein expression of FIRs in terms of c-Myc repression. We found that SAP155 is required for FIR expression and vice versa, and that SAP155 regulates alternative splicing of FIR. Both FIR and FIRDexon2 were pulled down with SAP155. Importantly, FIRDexon2 could markedly enhance c-Myc expression, whereas FIR suppresses c-Myc expression. Thus, sustained FIR/FIRDexon2–SAP155 interaction affects the well-established functions of FIR and SAP155, and hence, interferes with transcription and alternative splicing of c-myc gene, respectively. In addition, the reason why FIR, FIRDexon2, and SAP155 are activated in colorectal cancers is also discussed. Materials and Methods Excised human tumor samples Tissues from 34 cases of primary colorectal cancer were surgically excised at Chiba University Hospital. The tumor samples were obtained from tumor epithelium immediately after surgical excision, and corresponding nontumor epithelial samples were taken 5 to 10 cm away from the tumor. Two pathologists microscopically confirmed all tissue samples as adenocarcinomas. All excised tissues were immediately placed in liquid nitrogen and stored at 80 C until analysis. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before surgery. Cell culture HeLa,HCT116, and 293T cell lines were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and stored in the liquid nitrogen before use. Cells were grown at 37 C in 5% CO2 in Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) supplemented with 10% FBS (Invitrogen) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Invitrogen). Protein extraction from tissue samples and immunoblotting Proteins from whole-cell extracts were dissolved in a sample buffer as described previously (7). The amount of protein in the supernatant was measured by a protein assay (Bio-Rad). The proteins were separated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels of suitable concentration and transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (Millipore) using a tank transfer apparatus (Bio-Rad). The membrane was blocked with 5% skim milk in PBS for 1 hour. Western blot and antibodies Protein extracts were separated by electrophoresis on a 7.5% to 15% Perfect NT Gel (DRC). Proteins were then transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Millipore) using a tank transfer apparatus (Bio-Rad). The membranes were blocked with 0.5% skim milk in PBS. The primary mouse monoclonal antibody against FIR C-terminus (6B4) was prepared by Dr Nozaki (15). Briefly, the synthetic peptide was used as immunization antigen (Supplementary Fig. S2B; ref. 16). Anti-FIR rabbit polyclonal antibodies were prepared or purchased from Japan BioService. Other primary and secondary antibodies are listed in Supplementary Table S1. Antigens on the membrane were detected with enhanced chemiluminescence detection reagents (GE Healthcare, UK Ltd). The intensity of each band was measured by NIH Image. Plasmids Full-length FIR cDNA was cloned into a p3xFLAGCMV-14 vector (Sigma) to introduce a FLAG-tag at the carboxyl terminus, and FIRDexon2 cDNAwas cloned into a pcDNA 3.1 plasmid (Invitrogen). Myc-tag at the carboxyl terminus was prepared by PCR with suitable primers, including restriction enzyme sites (BglII and XbaI; Supplementary Table S2) through FIRor FIRDexon2-FLAG-tag vector. Plasmids were prepared by CsCl ultracentrifugation or using the Endofree PlasmidMaxi Kit (Qiagen) and DNA sequences were verified. Stable transfection Cells were transfected with plasmids using Lipofectamine 2000 reagents (Gibco BRL). For stable transfection, 5 10 cells were transfected with the above FIR-FLAG or pcDNA3.1-FIRDexon2 plasmids and transferred to 10-cm dishes 48 hours after transfection. The complete medium contained 400 mg/mL geneticin in addition to IMDM, 10% FBS, and 1% penicillin–streptomycin. The complete medium with geneticin was replaced every 4 days until ge


PurposeLean management is a suitable methodology for companies that want to improve their productive performance and competitiveness. This study aims to research levels of implementation and internalisation of Lean production tools in Spanish manufacturing companies, and explores differences in behaviour between SMEs and large companies based on data gathered over three time periods. The correlation between Lean adoption and company performance is also analysed.Design/methodology/approachCompany survey data for the years 2012, 2015 and 2018 collected from 354 respondents were used to conduct a longitudinal study on the level of lean tool adoption and internalisation in manufacturing companies.FindingsOver the years, the use of Lean tools has increased, whereas levels of internalisation have remained stable. Lean tool use in SMEs and large companies show significant differences in 2012 and 2015, but this is no longer the case 2018. Results also show that higher Lean tool use helps increase return on sales (ROS), and higher levels of internalisation of tools helps reduce the number of products rejected.Originality/valueTo date, there are no known studies on the use and internalisation of Lean tools or their correlations with business performance indicators in Spanish manufacturing companies.


Indications are that 2016 will be a second difficult year for milk producers. However, it may hold opportunities for some.


Lingshu, discusses acupuncture therapy in great detail. And there are many aspects in the book devoted to acupuncture, especially acupuncture description is rather and more organized. The book establishes the theory of meridians which explains the roots of meridians in details, and points out the lo...


Trade unionists and labor historians have often denounced company unions for not representing the interests of workers. However, new evidence on the day-to-day workings of the company union at the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company, known to history as the Rockefeller Plan, suggests that management made important concessions to their workers because of complaints registered through elected representatives. Nevertheless, despite these concessions, workers were still unsatisfied by a company union, and tended to drift towards independent trade unions whenever the opportunity arose.


Nanoparticles are easily attracted by surfaces. This sticking behavior makes it difficult to clean contaminated samples. Some complex approaches have already shown efficiencies in the range of 90%. However, a simple and cost efficient method was still missing. A commonly used silicone for soft lithography, PDMS, is able to mold a given surface. This property was used to cover surface-bonded particles from all other sides. After hardening the PDMS, particles are still embedded. A separation of silicone and sample disjoins also the particles from the surface. After this procedure, samples are clean again. This method was first tested with carbon particles on Si surfaces and Si pillar samples with aspect ratios up to 10. Experiments were done using 2 inch wafers, which, however, is not a size limitation for this method.


.............................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: MATING AND CELL FUSION IN THE YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE ...................................................................... 1 PHEROMONE SIGNALING .................................................................................................5 PHEROMONE-INDUCED MORPHOGENESIS ........................................................................8 CELL WALL DEGRADATION ...........................................................................................10 PLASMA MEMBRANE FUSION .........................................................................................12 NUCLEAR FUSION ..........................................................................................................14 EUKARYOTIC CELL-CELL FUSION EVENTS .....................................................................15 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OF CELL FUSION PROTEINS AND MECHANISMS ...................19 CHAPTER 2: DOMAINS OF FUS2P REQUIRED FOR CORTICAL LOCALIZATION ........................................................................................... 23 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................24 RESULTS .......................................................................................................................27 Modeling the Fus2p/Rvs161p interaction region as an amphiphysin-like domain27 Membrane binding of Fus2p/Rvs161p complex is required for Fus2p localization33 Two C-terminal domains of Fus2p are required for localization ..........................38 Mapping the Fus2pand Actin-dependent pathways onto protein domains of Fus2p................................................................................................................44 All localization pathways are required for sufficient localization.........................48 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................51 Rvs161p and Fus2p form a heterodimeric amphiphysin-like complex ..................51 Rvs161p is required for Fus2p localization and stability ......................................52 CHAPTER 3: IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH COPY SUPPRESSORS OF FUS2P C-TERMINAL MUTATIONS ................................. 55 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................56 viii RESULTS .......................................................................................................................59 Mutations in the C-terminus of Fus2p also lead to mating defects .......................59 Isolation of high copy suppressors of the mating defect of fus2-L674A ................62 Overexpression of Kel1p suppresses the localization defect of Fus2p C-terminal mutations ..........................................................................................................68 Kel1p plays a role in localization of Fus2p ...........................................................71 Kel1p plays a role in the cell fusion pathway ........................................................74 Kel1p and Fus2p physically interact in pheromone-induced cells ........................78 Kel1p functions with Cdc42p to mediate cell fusion ..............................................79 Kel1p may play a role in cell fusion through interactions with the CWI pathway ............................................................................................................85 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................90 Kel1p has multiple functions in cell fusion ............................................................90 Kel1p and Kel2p contribute to the actin-dependent pathway for Fus2p localization .......................................................................................................92 Kel1p interacts with two domains of Fus2p ...........................................................93 CHAPTER 4: CDC42P LOCALIZATION REGULATES CELL FUSION ..................... 95 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................96 RESULTS .....................................................................................................................100 Cdc42p forms a focus at the center of the zone of cell fusion..............................100 Cdc42p and Fus2p co-localize in prezygotes ......................................................103 Cdc42p focus formation is dependent upon Fus2p and other cell fusion proteins ..........................................................................................................104 Mislocalization of Fus2p leads to aberrant Cdc42p localization ........................111 Cdc42p localizes to flat interfaces .......................................................................115 Cdc42p promotes fusion via regulated secretion.................................................119 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................125 The ZCF is a unique region of the prezygote .......................................................125 Roles of BAR domain proteins in sensing curvature ...........................................128 Cdc42p may promote secretion of hydrolases for cell wall degradation during fusion ..............................................................................................................131


40 references to reviews, theses, and reports given at meetings of the Full-Range Picture Vocabulary Test are listed, originating from a literature search and replies to letters sent to 5,142 users of record.


The good wear resistance of high speed steel compound rolling ring is appeared during stainless wire steel rolling but its hot crack resistance performance can not meet the need of production.Therefore,the cooling water is strengthened and cooling equipment is reformed,and good effects are obtained.


Objective To evaluate the chest radiographic appearances and their diagnostic values of congenital cystic adenoid malformation of lung (CCAM). Methods Among 17 patients with CCAMs, 13 cases were confirmed by operation and pathology, and the other 4 cases were outhospitalized because of denying operation. All of 13 cases performed X-ray examination. Results Three kinds of X-ray appearances were detected in the chest radiology. Pneumothoracic-like changes for 9 cases, 6 showed unilateral lung hyperinflation, high tension, lack of lung marking combined with irregular septum and mediastinal herniation. Multiple cyst changes for 3 cases. The lung showed multiple cystic changes with mediastinum shifted to the contralateral lung. Mass-like change for 1 case. The lung showed consolidation which involve one lobe with clear margin and irregular low attenuation. Conclusion Chest radiography is a valuable method to diagnose CCAM.


Unfortunately, in translating this study from English to Spanish, it has not been possible to locate the original Spanish language quotations here in Santiago. For this reason, the English versions of the quotations are included in footnotes. The English versions of the quotations taken from Cuban English language publications, notably Granma Weekly Review, are official Cuban government translations. Those English language translations taken from Spanish language publications such as Cuba Socialista were translated into English by the author. It is therefore likely that there is some discrepancy between the Spanish language quotations as presented here, and the original quotations.


One reason that robust methods are often not used in practice is the lack of affordable easy to use software. This paper addresses this issue by providing instructions, examples, and code for using Fortran and LISPSTAT to compute MM-estimates and other robust regression estimates. LISPSTAT is a graphical computing environment available for Unix-based, Dos and Macintosh computers at no charge to the user.


Surgical curettage or en bloc excision are the usual choice of treatment for osteoma. Local recurrence of osteoma after surgical treatment is not very common. We report a case of osteoma recurred at the grafted bone. A 5×8cm sized osteoma of frontal bone was excised and then the defect was covered with calvarian bone and rib bone. Six years after reconstruction, recurrence from grafted area was noted. We completely removed the osteoma with enough normal tissue around it, after checking that the grafted bone has changed into an osteoma through a bicoronal incision. Then we covered the defect with a rib bone. The tissue was confirmed histologically as an osteoma. The recurrence of the tumor at the bone grafted site after osteoma excision is probably due to the fact that we covered grafted bone with periosteum left over osteoma. Therefore, we can learn that when we excise osteoma, galea should be carefully separated from the periphery of the tumor and that the periosteum should be completely removed, to prevent the osteoma from recurrence.


Atomic segregation in bimetallic clusters can influence the surface constituent and be used to affect the frozen structure. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation with an embedded atom method was used to study the frozen structures of (CoCu)561 clusters with different Co contents. It is found that the clusters can freeze to form icosahedron, truncated octahedron, decahedron or hcp with the change of Co contents. In these geometries, the structure of the lowest energy state is hcp, then in turn decahedron and truncated octahedron. The frozen structures are related to the release of excess energy, while the released excess energy was affected by the amount of segregated Cu atoms. This means that the atomic segregation can be used to tune the structures of bimetallic clusters.


MMP9 is deeply involved in invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of various tumors, and can also affect the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to analyze the MMP9 levels in tissues with independent and com- bined growth (MPT): B16/F10 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma. Primary immunodeficiency presented in a model of Balb/c Nude mice was chosen as a comorbid pathology. The study included 24 females divided into groups (n=6 each): 1 – intact animals, 2 – animals with B16/F10 melanoma, 3 – animals with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), 4 - ani- mals with a combination of B16/F10 and LLC - multiple primary malignancies (MPMs). Levels of MMP9 were measured by ELISA in homogenates of tumor and perifocal tissues in all animals. In animals with MPT, levels of MMP9 in B16/ F10 were 3.9 times higher than in LLC, and the levels in B16/F10 perifocal tissues were 1.9 times higher than in LLC perifocal tissues. MMP9 in non-cancer tissues in animals with MPT 2.8 times exceeded the levels in intact animals. In animals with MPT, MMP9 in tumor samples positively correlated with the primary node volumes. Whatever the level of MMP9 in the tumor and perifocal tissues, it is clearly directly involved in cancer development.

https://ma.cfuv.ru/res/260460/8_Франциянц Е. М., Каплиева И. В., Трепитаки Л. К., Сурикова Е. И.pdf


Fusarium torulosum was isolated consistently from the leaves of kikuyu plants collected from a pasture near Maitland, NSW, on which grazing cattle had been affected by kikuyu poisoning. This fungus is known to produce the toxins wortmannin and butenolide, both of which can produce clinical signs and pathological changes similar to those exhibited by cattle with kikuyu poisoning. The available evidence suggests that F. torulosum might be the casual agent of kikuyu poisoning in Australia.


445 The link between hand hygiene and hospital acquired diseases and surgical site infections is not new. In the mid nineteenth century an obstetrician named Ginaz Philip Semmelweis noticed a dramatic decrease in mortality rates in a maternity ward in Vienna after he had introduced scrubbing with chlorinated lime solutions before every physical examination (Verwilighen et al 2011b). In 1865, John Lister, a professor of surgery at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, acknowledged the importance of Louis Pasteur's germ theory of "instead of forcing ourselves to trying to kill microbes in wounds, would it not be more reasonable not to introduce them" a statement, which has stood the test of time (Verwilighen 2011b pg.515). Lister introduced a disinfectant regime where the hospital clinical environment and equipment were cleaned with carbolic acid. This regime included the surgical team washing their hands in a solution of 5% carbolic acid prior to undertaking surgery (Tanner 2008a). This resulted in a reduction of surgical site infections and presurgical treatment of the hands of surgical staff became a globally accepted procedure (Verwilghen 2011b). This is of major consequence for the veterinary profession as MRSA and MRSP infections are increasingly occurring in veterinary practices (Weese et al 2006). Studies by Loeffluer et al (2005), O'Mahony et al (2005) Rich et al (2006) and Weese et al (2006) illustrated and reported on MRSA colonisation and transmission of MRSA within veterinary practice. Mayne (2010) in their study found between 10% and 20% of companion animals are found to carry MRSA each year and these numbers are increasing yearly. These studies also suggested that veterinary surgeons and nurses may be regularly exposed to MRSA. Bustiner et al undertook a recent study in 2010, which indicated that the veterinary profession had a higher rate of carrying MRSA than the general population. They collected nasal swabs from 341 attendees of the 2008 American College of Veterinary Surgeons Symposium in 2008. The results showed that 17% of veterinarians and 18% of veterinary technicians were MRSA positive and, interestingly, showed that there was no difference between small and large animal personnel. Therefore, correct hand hygiene and infection control precautions are even more critical to reduce the risk of both human and animal exposure (Weese 2008). MacDonald's (2008) study confirmed that correct hand hygiene especially with the introduction of an alcohol hand rub method significantly reduced nosocomial MRSA infection rates and antibiotic use in general hospitals. As a veterinary profession we should learn from our human counterparts and become increasingly aware of the issues regarding these potential important pathogens and recognise the principles of reducing them, by following correct antimicrobial use, correct hand hygiene protocols and infection control surveillance. In recent years, surgical hand antisepsis has undergone three main changes; the decline in the use of scrub brushes, the introduction of new alcohol rub solutions and a reduction in the length of time to perform a surgical scrub prior to surgery (Tanner 2008a). Traditional instructions for surgical hand antisepsis included scrubbing the hands and arms with a brush (Gardner and Mann 2001). However in 2002 Springer suggested that the practice of scrubbing hands and arms be stopped because of skin micro-abrasions and increased bacterial counts detected. Despite this recommendation a recent web based questionnaire carried out in 2011 by Tudor, demonstrated that 99.2 % of veterinary nurses were still scrubbing for surgery with a brush.


This paper explores the factors that impact the adoption of a process methodology for managing and coordinating data science projects. Specifically, by conducting semi-structured interviews from data scientists and managers across 14 organizations, eight factors were identified that influence the adoption of a data science project management methodology. Two were technical factors (Exploratory Data Analysis, Data Collection and Cleaning). Three were organizational factors (Receptiveness to Methodology, Team Size, Knowledge and Experience), and three were environmental factors (Business Requirements Clarity, Documentation Requirements, Release Cadence Expectations). The research presented in this paper extends recognized factors for IT process adoption by bringing together influential factors that apply to data science. Teams can use the developed process adoption model to make a more informed decision when selecting their data science project management process methodology.


Numerical simulations to design high-energy particle accelerators give rise to large-scale ill-conditioned highlyindefinite linear systems of equations that are becoming increasingly difficult to solve using either a direct solver or a preconditioned iterative solver alone. In this paper, we describe our current effort to develop a parallel hybrid linear solver that balances the robustness of a direct solver with the efficiency of a preconditioned iterative solver. We demonstrate that our hybrid solver is more robust and efficient than the existing state-of-the-art software to solve these linear systems on a large number of processors.


When applying the learning systems to real-world problems, which have a lot of unknown or uncertain things, there are some issues that need to be solved. One of them is the abstraction ability. In reinforcement learning, to complete each task, the agent will learn to find the best policy. Nevertheless, if a different task is given, we cannot know for sure whether the acquired policy is still valid or not. However, if we can make an abstraction by extract some rules from the policy, it will be easier to understand and possible to apply the policy to different tasks. In this paper, we apply the abstraction at a perceptual level. In the first phase, an action policy is learned using Q-learning, and in the second phase, Learning Vector Quantization is used to extract information out of the learned policy. In this paper, it is verified that by applying the proposed abstraction method, a more useful and simpler representation of the learned policy can be achieved.


Differences of history, symptoms and signs of 19 patients with cerebellopontine angle tumor diagnosed by Otolaryngologists and physicians with other specialities were investigated. Deafness was the main symptom which led to final diagnosis by Otolaryngologists in 77% of patients. On the other hand, symptoms of high cerebellar pressure was the main symptom which let to the final diagnosis by physicians of other specialities. It is emphasized that deafness is a cue for the diagnosis of cerebello pontine angle tumor.


Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas and its technologies are also suited to rural and remote areas where energy is often crucial in human development. As of this preliminary study, a source of renewable energy is in focus to bring benefits to the stake holders of Royal Belum Forest; hydropower. In order to sustain the prosperity of Royal Belum Forest, micro-generation method will be introduced. Micro-generation is defined as a small-scale generation of electric power by individuals or small communities to meet their own needs, as alternatives or supplements to traditional centralized grid-connected power. As one of micro-generation methods, micro-hydro power has been chosen as its importance for its environmental conscious approach that aspire zero or low-carbon footprints. Micro-hydro power can make a large amount of energy out of a small water flow with minimal impact on the environment. Based on obtained preliminary data, an on-grid configuration micro-hydro power electric systems would be able to generate a reliable of electricity supply. Kampung Sungai Tiang has been chosen as it has the suitable rivers to facilitate this study. The presence of a high ground (514 meters above sea level) within Kampung Sungai Tiang vicinity creates a necessity for an observation tower. In addition to wildlife observation and forest fire prevention, this tower can be further exploited by the government or private companies for scientific and commercial activities. The construction and utilization of this tower would encourage the implementation of best practices in order to minimize impact on the environment.


A total of sixty five isolates of enterococci were isolated; thirty six isolates from clinical samples (stool, urine, vaginal swabs, intra-abdominal and pelvic wounds and blood cultures) and twenty nine isolates from hospital environment (operating theaters, bed wards, floor, medical instruments, and sewage). The results revealed that 14 isolates (12.53%) were vancomycin-resistant enterococci including 8 isolates from clinical samples and 6 isolates from hospital environment. Moreover, 8 isolates (12.30%) showed intermediate resistance, and remaining (43) isolates are sensitive to vancomycin


This article deals with the process of transition to the education standards of the second generation. Considered versatile modular training as a means of organizing individual and personal learning in school.


Acknowledgements. Introduction: First Encounters. 1. Chhau - Competing Spaces 2. Expanding Chhau - Beyond Masks and Maharajas 3. Rediscovering Folk Theatre 4. Tamasha - Escape 5. Re-working Tamasha - From Socialism to Social Mobility 6. More Discoveries 7. Theru Koothu - Coalescing Worlds 8. Modern Theru Koothu - Survival 9. The Global Village. Glossary of Terms. Bibliography. Therukoothu Appendix


The purpose of the study is to analyze the change in the volume of livestock production for all categories of agricultural producers. The first category is represented by agricultural organizations, including business partnerships and companies, production cooperatives, unitary enterprises, subsidiary farms of non-agricultural organizations and institutions. The second category is household households, which include personal subsidiary farms and other individual farms of citizens who have plots in horticultural or horticultural non-profit associations. The third category is personal subsidiary plots for the production and processing of agricultural products in household and field plots. Along with production, the presented article discusses the directions for using the produced meat and dairy products, the structure of production, product losses. In addition, the dynamics of changes in the fleet of agricultural machinery is presented, as well as an analysis of the impact of the number and labor productivity of workers engaged in agricultural production for 2010–2020. to the level of agricultural production.
The main objective of the study is to identify opportunities to improve the efficiency of the livestock sector of the agro-industrial complex.
The paper identifies the main directions of the development potential of the livestock sector of the agro-industrial complex.


Summary Policy makers, scientists and civil society are involved in the development of criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management (SFM), reflecting the growing worldwide demand for addressing sustainable development and environmental governance management goals. Such frameworks have been largely derived from expert-led or community-based approaches. This article details the identification process of criteria and indicators (C & I) based on the international principles of SFM through the analysis of a hybrid approach that uses both a top-down (TD) and a bottom-up (BU) approach. The aim of this article is to discuss how the two approaches have worked to incorporate the different views, opinions and experiences of experts and stakeholders. National-level C & I are then compared with those at the local level, making specific reference to sustainable community forest (CF) management. For the TD approach, a Delphi survey was conducted where 121 experts shared their knowledge, experience and judgements in assessing a set of 72 indicators with regard to the applicability, practicality and importance of national, regional and CF management in Nepal. For the BU approach, C & I for CF management were developed with the direct involvement of various stakeholders. It was shown that such a hybrid approach is feasible from a methodological point of view, but a framework is needed by the government to more fully utilize the opportunities of the C & I development process in the SFM context. The results of this study also help to bridge the gap between the ad hoc planning of decision makers and the requirement for a holistic management system, which includes participatory processes. Based on the conclusions of this study, general recommendations for the methodological design of C & I development in similar studies are given.


ABSTRACT This paper analyses the effects known as the day of the week and the month of the year in the cryptocurrency markets. The closing values of eleven cryptocurrencies have been considered. The study employs dummy variable regression techniques, ANOVA and Friedman tests for assessing two calendar anomalies, the day-of-week and month-of-year effects. To test these calendar effects, we have applied both full sample and rolling-regression techniques for two lengths of the rolling sample intervals. Furthermore, we have examined the existence of long memory in day-of-the- week and month-of-the-year cryptocurrency returns. The results provide evidence about the existence of day-of-the-week and month-of-the-year effects in cryptocurrency returns, in particular, on Thursdays and in November. In addition, it should be added that the general results of the current study show that the calendar effect in the cryptocurrency market is dynamic rather than static, which indicates that the calendar effect is a phenomenon that varies over time.


ACADEMIC RESEARCHLast week, Harvard University committed $50 million to the concept of greater collaboration across academic departments, including seed money for a first-ever, university-wide department in developmental and regenerative biology. ([Read more][1].)

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/315/5811/449a


Modern lifestyle, excessive chemicalization of agricultural products, excessive processing and refining of food,
cause a decrease in daily intake of magnesium, cation with an extremely important role in prevention and treatment
of many diseases. As a result, there arises the need for extra magnesium intake in the form of dietary supplements.
In this study were evaluated the physical and chemical stability of magnesium-containing tablets, depending on the
active compound and the excipients used. Magnesium tablets in the form of orotate, lactate, citrate, oxide and
hydroxide were taken into study and physical and chemical stability were observed over the validity period, at 6 and
at 12 months after expiry date. There were no changes in physical and chemical stability during the validity period
of the studied tablets. At 6 months after the expiry date, were observed variations in chemical composition with
decrease in magnesium concentration to 98% of the declared value, only in the case of tablets containing magnesium
lactate. At 12 months, the magnesium concentration decreased in all analysed samples, with no statistically
significant differences (p<0.05) between the types of magnesium compounds – 95% for the orotate, 93% for the
lactate, 90% for the oxide and hydroxide, respectively 85% for citrate. The results of this study indicate the
therapeutically safety for using these tablets 6 months after the expiry date.

https://revistadechimie.ro/pdf/4 MOISA 2 20.pdf


The aim of present paper is to derive a fractional derivative of the multivariable I-function of Prasad [4], associated with a general class of multivariable polynomials defined by Srivastava [9], the Aleph-function of one variable, the generalized M-serie and the generalized Lauricella functions defined by Srivastava and Daoust [10]. We will see the case concerning the multivariable H-function. The results derived here are of a very general nature and hence encompass several cases of interest hittherto scattered in the literature.


In forest enterprises, the process of evaluation technique personnel's performance has operated by getting the base of register report as the other public associations and establishments. When the conditions peculiar to forestry are thought, it is necessary to be introduced and applied of new approaches. In this concept, it is indispensable that the administrators who compose the management cadre of state forest enterprises have to benefit from modern management techniques. According to this, ranking and linear combination technique are profited with the aim of calculating performance levels of forest engineers in this article. A criterion set, composed of forty-four elements to be developed with this aim, is benefited. The research has been carried out by taking consideration of the performances in 2010 of eight forest engineers who are on duty in Denizli Forest Enterprise Directorship. In the result of this study, a ranking is gained in consideration of the performances of forest engineers.


Empirical facts from financial data pose some of the most dicult puzzles for equilibrium macroeconomic modeling. Features such as volatility, excess kurtosis, and conditional heteroscedasticity are not easily replicated by any single representative agent model. Most agent-based financial markets are able to match a good subset of these features quite easily. This paper will summarize some of the results from an agent-based model. It will be argued that agent-based approaches also make more sense economically then their representative agent competition. They will also be compared and contrasted with approaches coming from the behavioral finance perspective as well.


, however, Lawrence Bonjour, the respected Ameri-can epistemologist, bucks the trend and makes a valiant attempt to revive the latter. What he claims can be justified a priori is that if the premise of a standard inductive argu-ment obtains, then it is likely or probable that the con-clusion will hold. A standard inductive premise, for Bonjour, will state that a certain proportion m/n of observed cases of A have been cases of B, as well as specify that there has been "suitable variation of the collateral circumstances" and that the "observed proportion ... converges over time to the fraction m/n" (Bonjour, 206-07). The standard inductive conclusion will state that there is "a corres-ponding objective regularity in the world" (212), in other words an objective regularity of the form: m/n of all As are Bs. Since Hume's day a priori justifications of induction have been received with scepticism, but the alternatives are not altogether satisfying to many of us, to say the least.


A pair of elevator cars (23, 24) traveling in the same hoistway (27) in response to a controller (28) may stop with the doors closed, or remain at a stop with the doors open, whenever one of the cars has to wait until another car moves out of the way before the one elevator car can proceed to finish service to its passengers. Within each cab (30) both a sign (29) and a loudspeaker (33) may present the same message to the passengers, assuring them that the operation is normal and that there is no need for alarm.


The articles [5], [4], [8], [1], [7], [6], [2], and [3] provide the notation and terminology for this paper. We consider midpoint algebra structures as extensions of 1-sorted structure as systems 〈 a carrier, a midpoint operation 〉, where the carrier is a set and the midpoint operation is a binary operation on the carrier. Let us note that there exists a midpoint algebra structure which is non empty. In the sequel M1 is a non empty midpoint algebra structure and , b are elements of M1. Let us consider M1, a, b. The functora@b yields an element of M1 and is defined by: (Def. 1) a@b = (the midpoint operation of M1)(a, b). (Def. 2) op2 is a binary operation on { / 0}.


It is known that solid solution softening occurs in Fe-Si and Fe-Al alloys. In the present work, electronic structures of pure Fe, Fe-Si, Fe-Al, Fe-Cr and Fe-Co alloys are investigated by first-principle calculations to understand the solid solution softening mechanisms. The calculations suggested that the charge density is reduced and bond-breaking occurs easily at the solute and solvent atomic bonds in the softened Fe-Si and Fe-Al alloys, which results in solid solution softening.


The aim of this study was to analyze the left ventricular (LV) geometric changes occurring in chronic pressure overload due to valvular aortic stenosis (AS). Fifty-six adult patients (30 women, 26 men, mean age seventy-two ±nine years, range forty-five to eighty-five years) with isolated AS (mean valve area by Doppler=0.6 ±0.2 cm2) underwent a complete Doppler echocardiographic examination. According to the value of relative wall thickness (RWT=2 x posterior wall thickness/LV end-diastolic diameter) and LV mass index (LVMI) in normal subjects (RWT ≤ 0.44, LUMI ≤ 125 gr/m2) AS patients were subdivided into four groups: Normal: no patients; Concentric Remodeling (RWT > 0.44, LVMI ≤ 125 gr/m2): 4 patients (7%); Concentric Hypertrophy (RWT > 0.44, LVMI > 125 gr/m2): 39 patients (70%); and Eccentric Hypertrophy (RWT ≤ 0.44, LVMI > 125 gr/m2): 13 patients [23%]. Eccentric hypertrophy patients had, as compared with those with concentric hypertrophy, a larger left ventricle (61 ± 6.5 mm vs 47.6 ±6 mm, P < 0.001), a smaller mean wall thickness (11.3 ± 1.2 vs 14.7 ± 1.7 mm, P ≤ 0.001), and reduced LV fractional shortening (FS%=22.9 ±11 vs 42.6 ±8.7%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, most patients (11/13) of the former group had heart failure due to LV systolic dysfunction, while only 16 of 39 patients of the latter group had heart failure and all but 2 had normal LV systolic function. Conclusion: In patients with aortic stenosis, different forms of LV remodeling occur in response to chronic pressure overload. According to these results (and recent experi mental data), eccentric hypertrophy likely represents a late and more severe stage of LV remodeling in aortic stenosis.


Clinical Case Some clinical presentations of psoriatic rheumatism are similar to those of rheumatoid arthritis. We report the case of a patient aged 72 years, asthmatic for 40 years, ethyl and chronic smoking who was admitted for chronic arthritis. Clinical examination objectified, peripheral joint syndrome, deformities of the hands and feet. The assessment objectified a biological inflammatory syndrome, a CRP at 69mg/L; Rheumatoid factor at 678 IU and ACPA at 191 IU. The radiological assessment revealed a structural impairment with an aspect of periostitis in juxta-articular spicule, periosteal affixing; with an aspect of «pencil in cup». The diagnosis of psoriatic rheumatism with ACPA positive was retained in this patient. This patient was offered a weekly treatment with etanercep (Enbrel) 50mg subcutaneously. The pencil in cup and spicule aspects were the most important radiographic feature to distinguish psoriatic rheumatism from immunopositive rheumatoid arthritis. This clinical case has shown the usefulness of simple x-rays for the diagnosis of psoriatic rheumatism.


This poster presents the analysis of regional 2D seismic lines across the Hawkes Bay region offshore east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. The study area is located in the outer forearc and contractional domain of the Hikurangi subduction complex. Detailed intrerpretation of long regional 2D seismic lines has indicated that the area underwent rifting in the Cretaceous, thermal sag and subsidence in the Paleogene, followed with contraction and thrusting in the early Miocene, extensional faulting in middle to late Miocene together with continued thrusting and inversion in the Pliocene to Present Day. Within the Neogene section three principal depositional sequences were identified representing growth strata deposited during different deformational phases - a syn-thrusting sequence, a syn-extensional sequence and a syn-inversional growth stratal sequence. Within the study area three tectono-sedimentary domains were identified based on the difference structural styles and sedimentary architectures. In the north the Raukumara Shelf is characterized by thrust fault-related folds, inverted extensional faults and gravitational sliding structures. In the central domain of Hawkes Bay itself, a series of Present Day active thrust faults occur associated with folds and inverted extensional faults. The southern structural domain, the North Wairarapa Shelf, is characterized by thrust related folds and gravitational sliding structural elements. Fold amplification characteristics, overall shortening and thrust fault spacings indicate that the shortening rates were relatively higher towards southwest of the study area. The extensional faulting in the Raukumara Shelf may indicate that subduction underplating and gravitational collapse of a supra-critical Coulomb wedge in this region.


In this paper, the thermodynamic of extraction process for metal aluminium by aluminium suboxide (Al2O) disproportionate from alumina has been carried out.After thermodynamic calculation, the initial temperatures of the first step and the second step are at 1670K~1820K and below 1820K under 10Pa~100Pa. Experiments about the influence factors such as reaction time, reaction temperature and system pressure of the production process for aluminium are investigated. The results indicate that it is beneficial to increase the production of aluminium under 20Pa, 1713K and the reaction time at 90min,and the purity of Al achieved 100%.The reaction temperature are well consistent with the thermodynamic analysis.


Summary The aim of the study was three-fold: 1) to examine the acceptance by the bees of artificiallyinseminated honeybee queens which have bodily injuries and 2) the effect of different kinds ofinjuries on the egg-laying abilities of the queens and 3) the propensity of the bees tosupersedure. A total of 396 honeybee queens were studied. Their condition was examined undera microscope prior to and after introduction into bee colonies. Among the 330 queensintroduced into the colonies, 31 had their claws and arolia injured. Their claws and arolia wereinjured prior to the introduction into the bee colonies. The bees did not accept 13.0% of theuninjured and 3.2% of the injured queens. The colonies with the uninjured queens occupiedonly slightly more combs (10.5) than did the colonies with queens, which had injuries to theirclaws and arolia (9.7) or with queens with paralyzed legs (10.2). The colonies with queens withmissing parts of their legs and with injured antennae were weaker as they occupied significantlyfewer combs; 8.6 and 7.6, respectively. The greatest average brood area in the first ten days ofJune was in colonies with uninjured queens (54.5 dm


Ordinary differential equations (ODE) occur in several branches of science and technology. One example may be study of particle interaction in electrorheological (ER) fluids. These are fluids whose properties change when they are exposed to an electric field. These fluids have important applications in many fields, automotive industries in particular. Calculations of interactions between particles suspended in fluid are carried out through the solution of ODE with regular singular point. Series solutions to such problems provide highly accurate results if a large number of terms in the series expansion are included. Based on this, several routines, to be used as a package in Computer Algebra System Maple®, are developed to solve the linear homogeneous ordinary differential equations with a regular singular point. These fast and efficient algorithms show significant improvements over existing routines in terms of memory and computational time requirements. The present algorithms provide the correct answer for many differential equations much more efficiently. Using these tools, a large number of terms in the series expansions can be included to get highly accurate solutions of ordinary differential equations.


In this paper we argue that a closer look at ego-network structures is needed to disentangle the relationship between cooperation activities and subsequent firm-level innovation output. Especially, the structural configuration of a firms' individual portfolio of cooperative ties – a so called ego-network – is assumed to have a significant effect on the innovative performance. However, ego-networks are not static, they change continuously over time. The empirical analysis of evolving ego-networks and subsequent firm-level innovation consequences constitutes a still widely unexplored field of research. Consequently, we apply an evolutionary perspective and resort to a unique longitudinal data-set to shed light on the raised research question. Applied network data encompass all research and development (R&D) cooperations funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and provide exact time tracking of tie-formations as well as tie-terminations for the full population of German laser source manufactures between 1990 and 2010. We construct yearly networks in order to analyze the dynamic change of focal firms' ego-network structure over time. In order to measure firm‐level innovation output, we use yearly patent grants as dependent variable. Empirical results provide evidence for the firms' yearly cooperation activities on innovation performance. The ego-network size turns out to have in all of our models positive and significant effect on firms' patenting activity. Results for ego-network density are ambiguous and call for further research in this area. JEL-classification: O31, O32, L25


This paper analyzes the impacts of population density and income level on carbon dioxide emission of cities based on the data of 30 provincial cities ranging from 1999~2008.The regression results from the whole sample reveals that population density shows U shape relationship with urban carbon dioxide emission per capita,and income level takes on invert U shape relationship like EKC pattern with urban carbon dioxide emission.Regression results by group show that cities in different regions have various modes as far as the relation between population density,development level and carbon emission.The increase of population density in Nothern cities would significantly lower urban carbon emission;the development level of east cities have taken on invert U shape relations with carbon emission per capita while that of middle-west cities have only linear correlation with carbon emission per capita.Specifically,east cities such as Shanghai,Hangzhou etc have approached the peak of carbon emission per capita,while the middle-west cities are still far away from the peak level of carbon emission per capita.


The above-mentioned European OMS working group, which presented its objectives at the European Pediatric Neurology Society meeting 2007 in Izmir, Turkey, will serve as an ideal platform for recruiting further patients, coordinating research efforts between scientists and at the same time recommending treatment strategies. This combined effort will hopefully lead to new insights in the pathomechanisms and, more importantly, should improve the neurological and developmental long-term outcome of children affected by OMS.


Ixodid ticks from dogs with B canis, Horak, I. G. (1995) Journal of the South Africani Veterinary Associationi 66, 170


Summary This paper reports on protocols for plant regeneration and transformation of Asarina procumbens Mill. (syn. Antirrhinum asarina L.). Asarina is an ornamental plant, in this study we successfully achieved shoot regeneration from stem explants on MS medium supplemented with zeatin. Furthermore, the transformation system was established via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with stem segments. The A. tumefaciens strains EHA105, GV2260 and GV3101 each harbouring binary vector pSMAK251 containing uidA and npt II genes were used in this establishment. Kanamycin-resistant shoots regenerated directly on the selection medium containing 2 mg l–1 zeatin, 100 mg l–1 kanamycin, and 250 mg l–1 cefotaxime six weeks after co-cultivation. Fifty to 73% of regenerated shoots showed GUS expression through the histochemical GUS expression analysis. PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed the existence of npt II and uid A genes in these GUS expressed transformed plants. This is the first report of successful genetic transformation in Asarina procumbens Mill.


139 Background: High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and bone marrow/hematopoietic cell transplantation (BMT) is established therapy for many malignancies. While advances in transplant practise have led to improved cancer-specific outcomes, HDCT negatively impacts healthy organ function via direct effects (ie high-dose cytotoxic injury to organ systems) and indirect effects (i.e., functional disability). The resulting cardiometabolic sequelae such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and weight gain (with lean body mass loss) contribute to the significantly increased rates of cardiovascular (CV) mortality and heart failure (HF) observed in HDCT survivors. Cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention (CR/SP) programs are a level 1 recommendation in multiple CV diseases, reducing CV risk and events. Currently, the feasibility of integrating standard CR/SP programs in outpatients (PTS) referred for HDCT is unknown.

AIM
To prospectively evaluate feasibility and acceptability of routine referral tocardiovascular rehabilitation/secondary prevention (CR/SP) in unselected lymphoma PTSreferred for autologous HDCT/BMT.

METHODS
Lymphoma PTS referred for HDCT/BMT were screened and referred to the CR/SP program. Baseline exercise testing was performed prior to HDCT/BMT. Upon recovery (6 weeks) testing was repeated, and PTS were invited to participate in a 6-week standard CR/SP program of exercise rehabilitation and CV risk reduction education.

RESULTS
20 PTS were referred for HDCT/BMT from January 1, 2015 to July 1, 2015. All were referred to the CR/SP program. 100% underwent exercise testing, and all proceeded to BMT without adverse cardiovascular outcomes or mortality. High levels of satisfaction of CR/SP program components were reported.

CONCLUSIONS
In unselected PTS, seamless integration of CR/SP within standard HDCT/BMT care is feasible and acceptable. We expect short term measurable impacts including reduced symptom burden and improved quality of life. Longer term impacts will evaluate CV morbidity and mortality. This work will inform patient-centered care and improve supportive and survivorship care across the cancer continuum.


Introduction The NCP323X is a high current, high efficiency, voltage-mode synchronous buck converter which operates from 4.5 V to 21 V input and generates output voltages down to 0.6 V at up to 30 A. NCP323X utilizes voltage mode with voltage feed-forward control to respond instantly to VIN changes and provide for easier compensation over the supply range of the converter. The typical application circuit is shown in Figure 1. Despite the NCP323X's control loop is typical type III voltage feedback compensation, its design can't be overlooked, especially in telecom application. This article will show how to carry out the feedback compensation design. To further ease the work of the design engineer, ON Semiconductor has developed a design tool CompCalc3 which is based on LabVIEW® Runtime Engine. The software plots the various ac responses based on the design component values.


It has been asked: "Can the same stimulus appear differently to different people simply because they are members of different cultures? If culture does in fact influence perception, can unequivocal evidence for such a phenomenon be assembled?" (Segall et al., 1966, p. 3). The word "culture" can have different meanings: here, belonging to a particular culture means not only participating in a particular society's economic and other activities, in its social institutions, and having mastery of its sign systems, but also living in the corresponding natural environment, experiencing the particular diseases common in that society, and so forth. In short, it means any factors influencing, or capable of influencing, apperception or "long-term attitudes" — the activity of the perceiver. Beside the works of A.N. Leontiev on how a native language's meaning-distinguishing sound parameters (the timbral or tonal language) influences the threshold of pitch distinction


Nowadays challenges emphasize greatly on the accomplishment of a high level of quality in manufacturing processes, especially in automotive industry. Various methods have been used in order to find ways to organize monitor and control the manufacturing processes. A method used widely to achieve these requirements is statistical process control (SPC). The objective of this study is to present a system which integrates SPC with the results from 3D measuring systems in order to calibrate and monitor manufacturing processes from an automotive industry organization. The implementation of the integrated system has resulted in improvement of the manufacturing processes and, consequently, to a better quality of the final products.


To evaluate the effect on potency rates after surgery of applying local steroids to the neurovascular bundles (NVBs) of the prostate after bilateral nerve‐sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy (BNS‐RRP).


In the course of globalization, applying mass-customizing strategies has led to a diversity of variants in many economic sectors. Thus, customer demands are often less predictable, and handling increasing inventory stocks as well as avoiding shortfalls become of particular importance. All these complexity drivers obviously result in higher supply chain risks. Postponement strategies have been proposed as an appropriate approach to deal with these problems. Although the concept of postponement and its impacts on the supply chain are theoretically well discussed, it is still challenging to optimally configure the entire production and distribution network. We present a two-stage stochastic mixedinteger linear programming model which comprises an integrated production and distribution planning approach and takes into consideration postponement concepts. In comparison to former approaches that deal with postponement strategies our model supports the decision maker under demand uncertainty and considers lead times, penalty cost for shortfalls as well as inventory keeping decisions over a tactical planning horizon. This allows an integrated investigation of both form and logistics postponement concepts. Moreover, we consider the decision maker's willingness to take risk to identify profitable and risk-averse strategies at the same time. We illustrate the benefits of the model using a case study from the apparel industry and present the results of a sensitivity analysis with respect to varying demand uncertainty and demand correlations as well as different preferences regarding the willingness to take risk. Furthermore, we suggest appropriate solution techniques depending on the size of the investigated problem instances. We carry out performance and quality benchmarks and compare the results of a standard MIP solver, a parallel nested Benders approach and a sample average approximation technique.


CLM, Field Guide, Plants - how to create a plant collection - Dichondra repens is a resource copied from the Conservation Land Management Toolbox.


The objective of this research was to examine the influence of two different poly-greenhouse covering material types and their properties on the interior light intensity to choose the proper one for covering under Fayoum depression climatic conditions. Measurements of global solar radiation (GSR) and light intensity were made inside and outside six poly-greenhouse-covered prototype structures (Quonset-style). Each prototype structure was 1.0 m length, 1.0 m width and 0.8 m height. Two small doors in the narrow sides of each prototype were kept open during the day-light for natural ventilation. Results showed that the average transmittance in GSR of both new white polyethylene films and new black screen shade net sheets were 74.05% and 55.45%, respectively. Exposure the poly-greenhouse cover to the climatic conditions reduced its transmittance to global solar radiation (GSR). The relative losses of GSR transmittance were 13.96 % and 17.64 % for both old-cleaned and old-dirty polyethylene films, respectively, as compared with the new polyethylene film (74.05%). The average losses of GSR transmittance were 12.93% and 19.42% for both old-cleaned and old-dirty black screen shade net, respectively, as compared with the new black screen shade net cover (55.45%). The new white polyethylene films and new black screen shade net sheets reduced the interior light intensity of the prototypes by an average of 18.3% and 68.4% as compared with the average exterior light intensity, respectively. In addition, old-cleaned and old-dirty polyethylene films reduced the interior light intensity by an average of 20.8% and 34.8% as compared with the identical new white polyethylene film, respectively. While, old-cleaned and old-dirty black screen shade net reduced the interior light intensity by an average of 27.3% and 39.9 % as compared with the identical new black screen shade net, respectively.


To improve our understanding of global energy and water cycle variability, and to improve model simulations of climate variations, it is vital to have accurate latent heat fluxes (LHF) over global oceans. The LHF is derived using various bulk flux algorithms from surface winds, surface air humidity and temperature, and sea surface temperature, all of which may have a large uncertainty in the reanalyses, satellite retrievals, and in situ measurements. There is no "ground truth" for the global LHF fields; thus it is important to conduct intercomparison studies to assess the sources of errors for various global LHF products. The studies can identify the strengths and weaknesses of various LHF products, and provide important information for improving atmospheric general circulation models and satellite retrievals. Currently, there are several datasets of global ocean LHF available, which are based on the surface air humidity and winds derived from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) on board a series of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft. The Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data (HOAPS; Grassl et al. 2000) has daily and monthly LHF over global oceans with 0.5 spatial resolution for the period July 1987–December 1998, based on the method of Schulz et al. (1997). The Goddard Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Fluxes (GSSTF) has two versions of global ocean LHF derived from the SSM/I radiances. The version 1 (GSSTF1) has daily and monthly fields for July 1987–December 1994 with a spatial resolution of 2.0 x 2.5 lat–lon (Chou et al. 1997, 2000). The version 2 (GSSTF2) has daily and monthly fields for July 1987– December 2000 with 1 resolution (Chou et al. 2003). The Japanese Ocean Flux dataset with Use of Remote sensing Observations (J-OFURO) has monthly turbulent heat fluxes over global oceans with 1 resolution for 1991–95 (Kubota et al., 2002). The J-OFURO has been further extended to the period 1992–2000 with 3 days temporal resolution. These flux datasets have been ____________________________________________