Abstract Questions What are the main floristic patterns in the Pannonian and western Pontic steppe grasslands? What are the diagnostic species of the major subdivisions of the class Festuco‐Brometea (temperate Euro‐Siberian dry and semi‐dry grasslands)? Location Carpathian Basin (E Austria, SE Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia, N Croatia and N Serbia), Ukraine, S Poland and the Bryansk region of W Russia. Methods We applied a geographically stratified resampling to a large set of relevés containing at least one indicator species of steppe grasslands. The resulting data set of 17 993 relevés was classified using the TWINSPAN algorithm. We identified groups of clusters that corresponded to the class Festuco‐Brometea. After excluding relevés not belonging to our target class, we applied a consensus of three fidelity measures, also taking into account external knowledge, to establish the diagnostic species of the orders of the class. The original TWINSPAN divisions were revised on the basis of these diagnostic species. Results The TWINSPAN classification revealed soil moisture as the most important environmental factor. Eight out of 16 TWINSPAN groups corresponded to Festuco‐Brometea. A total of 80, 32 and 58 species were accepted as diagnostic for the orders Brometalia erecti, Festucetalia valesiacae and Stipo‐Festucetalia pallentis, respectively. In the further subdivision of the orders, soil conditions, geographic distribution and altitude could be identified as factors driving the major floristic patterns. Conclusions We propose the following classification of the Festuco‐Brometea in our study area: (1) Brometalia erecti (semi‐dry grasslands) with Scabioso ochroleucae‐Poion angustifoliae (steppe meadows of the forest zone of E Europe) and Cirsio‐Brachypodion pinnati (meadow steppes on deep soils in the forest‐steppe zone of E Central and E Europe); (2) Festucetalia valesiacae (grass steppes) with Festucion valesiacae (grass steppes on less developed soils in the forest‐steppe zone of E Central and E Europe) and Stipion lessingianae (grass steppes in the steppe zone); (3) Stipo‐Festucetalia pallentis (rocky steppes) with Asplenio septentrionalis‐Festucion pallentis (rocky steppes on siliceous and intermediate soils), Bromo‐Festucion pallentis (thermophilous rocky steppes on calcareous soils), Diantho‐Seslerion (dealpine Sesleria caerulea grasslands of the Western Carpathians) and Seslerion rigidae (dealpine Sesleria rigida grasslands of the Romanian Carpathians).


A novel kind of hierarchical loop-flower bases is presented for solving electric field integral equation. Compared with conventional hierarchical loop-tree-based method, the total bases for proposed hierarchical loop-flower-based method can be reduced a third. Thus, the memory and time cost can be largely reduced. The hierarchical loop-flower basis function is defined on a hierarchical mesh which can be generated by a mesh refinement algorithm. By expanding the current with the hierarchical loop-flower bases, the solenoidal and non-solenoidal current are separated and thus the EFIE low-frequency breakdown issue can be remedied. In addition to that a multiresolution preconditioner technology is also introduced to fast up the iterative convergence speed. Some examples show that the basis number is largely reduced.


The NSW Health Department established the NSW Public Health Officer Training Program in 1989 to develop public health professionals for the State's evolving public health network, which has been described in previous issues of the Bulletin.


ABSTRACT This research starts from learning planning is a very important step before the implementation of learning. Careful planning is needed so that the implementation of learning runs effectively. Learning planning is outlined in the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP). For this reason, it is necessary to increase the competence of teachers in preparing the RPP. The researcher tries to use continuous learning to improve the competence of teachers in preparing RPP. Based on the results of ongoing guidance research can improve the competence of teachers in preparing RPP. This can be evidenced from the results of observations / observations which show that there is an increase in teacher competence in preparing RPP from cycle to cycle. In the first cycle the average value of RPP components was 69% and 83% in the second cycle. So, there was an increase of 14% from cycle I Keywords: Teacher Competence, RPP, Continuing Guidance


This paper gives a brief introduction to the improvement on teaching concept and teaching method what author did tryout,and investigates on the teaching method of the program design course from the point of view at calculation science,to the present state and development of teaching principle carried on analysis,put forward a teaching method that is importing the doorstep in the teaching with data consciousness and algorithmic feasibility,usage teaching principle of push thinking,pay attention to the programming style to exaltation teaching efficiency,and promote teaching quality.


WWFA (wrapped wave front arbiter) and DPA (diagonal propagation arbiter) are two kinds of crossbar scheduling algorithms. They are based on priority propagation arbitration, which makes their speed very high. But their fairness is poor in some cases, which makes them not suitable for commercial use. In this paper, a novel scheduling algorithm PPAwFE (priority propagation arbiter with fair enable) is proposed, which keeps the merits of WWFA and DPA, and at the same time improves fairness. The fairness of PPAwFE is supported by analysis and simulations.


Script based features are highly discriminative for text segmentation and recognition. Thus they are widely used in Optical Character Recognition(OCR) problems. But usage of script dependent features restricts the adaptation of such architectures directly for another script. With script independent systems, this problem can be solved to a certain extent for monolingual documents. But the problem aggravates in case of multilingual documents as it is very difficult for a single classifier to learn many scripts. Generally a script identification module identifies text segments and accordingly the script-dependent classifier is selected. This paper presents a unified framework of language model and multiple preprocessing hypotheses for word recognition from bilingual document images. Prior to text recognition, preprocessing steps such as binarization and segmentation are required for ease of recognition. But these steps induce huge combinatorial error propagating to final recognition accuracy. In this paper we use multiple preprocessing routines as alternate hypotheses and use a language model to verify each alternative and choose the best recognized sequence. We test this architecture for word recognition of Kannada-English and Telugu-English bilingual documents and achieved better recognition rates than single methods using same classifier.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the management of pension in the country by analyzing the various pension reforms introduced by Gowon, Abacha and Babangida for the purpose of finding out to what extent these reforms have proved effective in tackling those problems that account for the delay in the payment of pension which has remained the bane of pension management in Nigeria. This formed the basis for critical evaluation of the new contributory pension scheme introduced during Obasanjo regime with a view to determining its ability to arrest the problem of irregular payment of pension. It is believed that the appraisal of the new reform will improve strategies needed to achieve more positive result in carrying out this study. The history of the Nigerian Pensions administration dates back to the 1950s.The Pension Reforms Act of 2004 brought into limelight the new pension scheme in Nigeria which is a defined contributory scheme unlike the old scheme which was largely defined benefits. Although the new scheme is being adjudged to be better than the old scheme in that, it is expected to correct the deficiencies and inadequacies prevalent in the old scheme, it advocated that only proper coordination, supervision and regulation of the pension Industry in Nigeria will make it to happen.


Abstract All the hydrogen isotope (H, D, T) simultaneous TDS (Thermal desorption spectroscopy) measurement system (HI-TDS system) was newly designed to evaluate all hydrogen isotope desorption behavior in materials. The present HI-TDS system was operated under Ar purge gas and the H and D desorptions were observed by a quadruple mass spectrometer equipped with an enclosed ion source, although T desorption was evaluated by an ionization chamber or proportional counters. Most of the same TDS spectra for D and T were derived by optimizing the heating rate of 0.5 K s−1 with Ar flow rate of 13.3 sccm. Using this HI-TDS system, D and T desorption behaviors for implanted or DT gas exposed tungsten samples installed in LHD (Large Helical Device) at NIFS (National Institute for Fusion Science) was evaluated. It was found that major hydrogen desorption stages consisted of two temperature regions, namely 700 K and 900 K, which was consistent with the previous hydrogen plasma campaign and most of hydrogen would be trapped by the carbon-dominated mixed-material layer. By implantation, major D desorption was found at ~900 K with a narrow peak due to energetic ion implantation. For gas exposure, H was preferentially replaced by D and T with a lower trapping energy. In addition, T replacement rate by additional H2 gas exposure was evaluated. This fact indicates that the hydrogen replacement mechanism would be clearly changed by exposure methods.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a polyethylene and talcum powder compound material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparation of a catalyst: adding a heptane solvent in talcum powder, then slowly drowise adding a heptane solution containing Fe (II) complexes while stirring at the temperature of 30-60 DEG C, continuously stirring for 1-3 hours at the temperature of 30-60 DEG C after dropwise adding, then adding a mixed liquid of ester and heptane into the talcum powder to continuously react for 4-8 hours, filtering after finishing reaction so as to obtain a talcum powder-loaded Fe catalyst, and then drying for later use; and ethylene polymerization: under the polymerization condition of a slurry, adding the prepared catalyst by using hexane as a solvent and using methylaluminoxane as a cocatalyst, introducing ethylene gas until 1-10 MPa of designated polymerization pressure is reached, and then carrying out ethylene polymerization, wherein the mole ratio of [Al] to [Fe] is 5-2000, and the polymerization temperature is 50-80 DEG C. By using the preparation method, the problems of blending, modification and the like which occur when the polyethylene/talcum powder compound material is prepared by using the traditional method are solved, and the production process is simplified.


On December 20, 1930, Mrs. X., was admitted to Birtle Hospital. She was a multipara, eight months pregnant, and had been in labour for three days before admission. There had been no pre-natal care. On admission, her temperature was 99.20; pulse, 92. External examination revealed an enormously enlarged abdomen, with extensive cedema of the hypogastric area. The uterus which could be well mapped out was enormously enlarged and so tense that no fetal parts could be palpated nor could any fetal heart sounds be detected. No vaginal examination was made. From her history and physical findings a tentative diagnosis of hydramnios due to malformation of the fetus was made. On the strength of this diagnosis and the condition of the uterus Caesarean section was considered the best method of treatment. The patient was therefore prepared for immediate operation. I performed the classical type of operation. Aseptic ergot, 1 c.c., was given intramuscularly just before the skin incision was made. On opening the uterus about two and a half gallons of liquor amnii escaped. The feet of the fetus presented in the wound and extraction appeared as if it would be easy. However, such was not the case. On pasing the hand into the uterus the impression given was that of locked twins. The uterine incision was enlarged and delivery was completed, when it was found that we had a monstrosity in the form of Siamese twins (thoracopagus). The operation was then completed in the usual way. The total time taken was thirty minutes. There was no abnormal hemorrhage. Examination of the twins, which were of the female sex, showed them to be perfectly developed in every way, with the exception of the place of union, which extended from the clavicles to the umbilicus. There was only one umbilical cord. They lived fifteen minutes after delivery. The mother did well and was discharged on the fourteenth day in good condition. The twins were sent to the Anatomical Museum of the Manitoba Medical College.


In this paper multi sensor satellite data i.e. IRS LISS III or Landsat TM/ETM+ or OCEANSAT1(IRS-P4) consisting of an Ocean Color Monitoring operating in eight spectral band data are used for extracting information useful to hydrological projects such as monitoring the water quality of lakes. Changes of the area extent of the lakes are estimated from the multitemporal satellite images. Surface water temperature patterns of the lakes are mapped and anomalies are identified. Emphasis is given on the investigation of capabilities of IRS LISS III or Landsat TM/ETM+ or OCEANSAT-1(IRS-P4) data in monitoring water quality of lakes. A classification scheme regarding various water quality parameters (Secchi depth, Turbitidity, Chlorophylle –α and Total Total phosphorus) is created based on combinations of different bands.


This paper presents a study on the use of Swahili and English as language choice for advertising in Swahili newspapers in Tanzania. In the literature, it has been posited that bilingual advertising is fast becoming a global trend and that the use of a prestigious L2 (second language) (often English) with a local languages tends to have positive associations for the audience and symbolises modernity and a cosmopolitan identity. In terms of language choice for advertising in Swahili newspapers three trends are observed. Some advertisements are monolingual; Swahili, or English and others are bilingual; Swahili code-switched with English or English code-switched with Swahili. From the data made up of 158 advertisements from 13 issues of three Swahili dailies, this paper examines the choice of language for particular categories of advertisements and discusses the socio-pragmatic factors that may trigger such choice against the claims made by various studies on bilingual advertising. The findings indicate that language choice is largely pragmatically motivated and may be dependent on the type of advertisement, its target audience and to some extent its source.


The chemical interaction of YCoO 3-δ and BaCoO 3-δ with formation of double perovskite was studied depending on temperature and oxygen partial pressure. The stability of YCoO 3 was shown to have а crucial influence on the kinetics and mechanism of YBaCo 2 O 6-δ formation. It was found that at 1000 °C in air, i.e. under conditions when YCoO 3 is unstable, the double perovskite YBaCo 2 O 6-δ is formed much slower compared to the pure oxygen atmosphere where YCoO 3 is stable at the same temperature. Thus controlling YCoO 3 stability was shown to be the factor of key importance for optimal preparation of the YBaCo 2 O 6-δ single phase.


This paper represented the numerical analysis of the FRP (fiber reinforced plastics) tunnel lining which was used for maintaining the old tunnel. An old tunnel covered with a concrete is prone to deteriorate due to an aging effect and a water penetration. In the rehabilitation of lining concrete, a steel plate and FRP or carbon sheet have been applied. However, these sheets show small flexural rigidity and do not flow out the penetrating water. In this paper, FRP corrugate sheet was proposed. The tunnel lining was made by FRP corrugate sheet that supported the lining concrete in the tunnel and flowed the water and the moisture swept on the tunnel surface. The FRP corrugate sheet was supported by the anchor bolts. In numerical analyses, the finite element degenerate shell was adopted to represent the FRP sheet behavior. Assuming that the concrete liner at the top was fallen down, the peeled concrete was applied as the load. From the numerical analysis, the effectiveness of the FRP corrugate sheet was confirmed.


CO2 utilization is one of the hottest research topic worldwide. As a class of newly emerging and promising catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) reaction, heteroatom-doped metal-Nx -C single atom catalysts (M-Nx-C SACs) attract extensive attentions. Nowadays, great progress, including structure modulation, identification of local coordination environment and ECR mechanism via advanced synthetic strategies, characterization techniques and theoretical calculations, have been achieved over heteroatom doped asymmetric M-Nx -C SACs, which boost the ECR performances and deepen the understanding of ECR mechanism. In this context, we summarize recent progresses in heteroatom-doped asymmetric M-Nx-C SACs, with emphasis on synthetic strategies and their applications in ECR reaction, along with current understanding on the ECR mechanisms both experimentally and theoretically. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the heteroatom-doped asymmetric M-Nx-C SACs towards ECR are proposed.


From the nearly straight flowering stems emerge large blue to violet-blue showy flowers. They bloom from May to July. The three petaled flowers are often finely variegated with yellow, green, and white. The flower develops a three celled capsule which is about 1 1/2 inches long and 3/4 of an inch in diameter. Within each cell, two rows of flattened round seeds form. There are an average of 18,000 seeds per pound.


The MXT-M-3.2 breast cancer implanted into female B6D2F1 mice accelerates the growth of an identical second tumor. This process is inhibited by [meso-1,2-bis(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylenediamine]dichloroplatinum(II). The possible modes of action of this compound as a biological response modifier are discussed.


Abstract We discuss some embedding results in the category of open books, Lefschetz fibrations, contact manifolds and contact open books. First we prove an open book version of the Haefliger–Hirsch embedding theorem by showing that every k-connected closed n-manifold (n ≥ 7, k < (n − 4)/2) with signature zero admits an open book embedding in the trivial open book of 𝕊2n−k. We then prove that every closed manifold M2n+1 that bounds an achiral Lefschetz fibration admits an open book embedding in the trivial open book of 𝕊2⌊3n/2⌋+3. We also prove that every closed manifold M2n+1 bounding an achiral Lefschetz fibration admits a contact structure that isocontact embeds in the standard contact structure on ℝ2n+3. Finally, we give various examples of contact open book embeddings of contact (2n + 1)-manifolds in the trivial supporting open book of the standard contact structure on 𝕊4n+1.


Childhood obesity has increased dramatically in the United States during the past 30 years, which has been associated with a parallel rise in systolic blood pressure (BP) and pulse pressure (PP) in adolescents and young adults. Consistent with the elevation in systolic BP and PP, there has been an increase in the rates of prehypertension and hypertension mostly in youth with obesity, with the majority phenotype being in the form of isolated systolic, rather than, systolic/diastolic hypertension. Thus, these data suggest that the obesity-associated elevation in BP in youth may be related to abnormalities in structure and function of the large elastic arteries, rather than alterations in small resistance arteries and arterioles that govern peripheral vascular resistance and mean BP. Even in the absence of hypertension, however, obesity in children and adolescents is associated with elevated left ventricular (LV) mass and increased adiposity in youth predicts the excess LV mass in adulthood beyond what is expected for somatic growth. This is important because higher LV mass is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality in adults. In cross-sectional studies, higher body mass index (BMI) or weight are independent predictors of elevated LV mass in childhood in multiple regression models that include brachial systolic BP. In addition, longitudinal studies indicate that increased LV mass may precede the development of higher brachial systolic BP in obese youth. Therefore, these findings suggest that the LV hypertrophy in childhood and young adulthood attributed to excess childhood adiposity is not explained simply by higher brachial BP. Moreover, central systolic BP and PP are more closely associated with LV wall thickness than brachial BP in adults. However, whether central BP or related pulsatile hemodynamics contribute to LV hypertrophy rather than brachial measured BP in obese youth is unknown. Abstract—We hypothesized that increased aortic forward pressure wave amplitude (Pf), which is determined by characteristic impedance (Zc) in the proximal aorta, is the primary hemodynamic determinant of obesity-associated higher left ventricular (LV) mass in adolescents. Aortic pulsatile hemodynamics were measured noninvasively in 60 healthy adolescents (age 14–19 years; 42% male; 50% black) by sequential recordings of pulse waveforms via tonometry, brachial blood pressure, and pulsed Doppler and diameter of the LV outflow tract using 2-dimensional echocardiography. Adolescents who were overweight/obese (n=23; age 16.0±0.3 years; body mass index ≥85th percentile) had higher LV mass index, brachial and carotid systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, normalized Zc and Pf compared with adolescents with healthy weight (n=37; 16.7±0.3 years; body mass index <85th percentile, all P<0.01). In contrast, there was no difference in mean or diastolic blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, carotid augmentation index, or aortic backward wave amplitude (all P>0.05). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis that included age, sex, race, normalized Zc, and brachial systolic blood pressure revealed that body mass index (B±SE; 0.49±0.20, P=0.02, R=0.26), aortic Pf (0.22±0.07; P<0.02, R change=0.11), and cardiac output (2.82±1.02, P<0.01; R change=0.08) were significant correlates of LV mass index (total R=0.44, P<0.01). These findings suggest that higher aortic Pf is a major hemodynamic determinant of increased LV mass in adolescents with elevated adiposity. Improper matching between aortic diameter and pulsatile flow during early systole potentially contributes to the early development of LV hypertrophy in childhood obesity. (Hypertension. 2016;68:12001207. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07918.) • Online Data Supplement


This work presents an approach for accurate MOS transistor matching calculation. Our model, which is based on an accurate physics-based MOSFET model, allows the assessment of mismatch from process parameters and valid for any operating region. Experimental results taken on a test set of transistors implemented in a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology corroborate the theoretical development of this work.


A quasi-three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is presented to simulate shallow water phenomena. The method is based on a finite-volume approach designed to solve shallow water equations in the time domain. The nonlinearities of the governing equations are considered. The methodology can be used to compute green water effects on a variety of platforms with six-degrees-of-freedom motions. Different boundary and initial conditions can be applied for multiple types of moving platforms, like a ship's deck, tanks, etc. Comparisons with experimental data are discussed. The shallow water model has been integrated with the Large Amplitude Motions Program to compute the effects of green water flow over decks within a time-domain simulation of ship motions in waves. Results associated to this implementation are presented.


We first discuss the theory of hypersurfaces and submanifolds in the m-dimensional Euclidean space leading up to high dimensional analogues of the classical Euler's and Meusnier's theorems. Then we deduce the kinematic formulas for powers of mean curvature of the (m 2)-dimensional intersection submanifold So n gS, of two C2-smooth hypersurfaces S0, S1, i.e., fG(fs0ngs, H2kda) dg. Many well-known results, for example, the C-S. Chen kinematic formula and Crofton type formulas are easy consequences of our kinematic formulas. As direct applications of our formulas, we obtain analogues of Hadwiger's theorem in R2n , i.e., sufficient conditions for one domain Kg to contain, or to be contained in, another domain KaW . 0. INTRODUCTION Let MPI, Nq be submanifolds of dimensions p, q, respectively, in a homogeneous space G/H and let I be an integral invariant (e.g., volume, surface area, etc.) of the submanifold MP n gNq . Then many works in integral geometry have been concerned with computing integrals of the following type (0. 1) I(MP n gNq) dg, {gEG: MpngNq70} where dg is the normalized kinematic density of G. For example in the case that G is the group of motions in an n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn, MP and Nq are submanifolds of Rn and I(MP n gNq) = Vol(MP n gNq) evaluation of (0.1) leads to the formulas of Poincare, Blaschke, Santal6 and others (see [1]). R. Howard [10] obtained a kinematic formula for I(MP n gNq) = Vol(MP n gNq) in a homogeneous space. If I(M n gN) = X(M n gN), where X%() is the Euler-Poincare characteristic of the intersection M n gN of domains M and N in Rn with smooth boundaries, then (0.1) leads to S. S. Chern's kinematic fundamental formula [2]. Next, assume that I(MP n gNq) = #u(MP n gNq) is one of the integral invariants from the Weyl tube formula. Then (0.1) leads to the Chern-Federer kinematic formula [22] Received by the editors March 9, 1993 and, in revised form, September 15, 1993. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 52A22, 53C05; Secondary 5 lM1 6.


Cleaning and / or curing treatment system for the fabricated parts is provided by solid freeform fabrication (SFF). Aftertreatment system comprises a housing, a source of actinic radiation for curing the part by part retaining device and actinic radiation for holding the parts in the housing. The system as blowing cleaning liquid to the part, and / or the removed build material as the cleaning solution in order to prolong the service life of the filtration and the cleaning liquid can absorb actinic radiation, also adapted liquid circulation device provided. Some system comprises a first rotating portion that can be rotated parts held about a first axis, a different system to rotate the part which is held about a second axis a second rotating portion that can be. The system also has another feature to provide a safe and efficient cleaning and / or hardening of parts made with SFF.


Objective:To understand the immunity level of hepatitis B among healthy population in Taizhou,and provide evidence for the preventive and control measures of hepatitis B.Method:In August 2011,a total of 411 people were selected randomly from 7 age groups in Jiangyan district,and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was conducted to detect HBsAb.Result:The positive rate of HBsAb was 55.72%,which had no statistical significance between males and females.The differences on HBsAb had statistical significance in different age groups,the highest rate of HBsAb was 0-12 months group(71.67%),and the lowest rate was 3-4 ages group(32.79%).Conclusion:The positive rate of HBsAb is high among children,and more prevention and control work on hepatitis B should be paid to the population aged 20 years and over.


Given a $k$--scheme $X$ that admits a tilting object $T$, we prove that the Hochschild (co-)homology of $X$ is isomorphic to that of $A= End_{X}(T)$. We treat more generally the relative case when $X$ is flat over an affine scheme $Y=\Spec R$ and the tilting object satisfies an appropriate Tor-independence condition over $R$. Among applications, Hochschild homology of $X$ over $Y$ is seen to vanish in negative degrees, smoothness of $X$ over $Y$ is shown to be equivalent to that of $A$ over $R$, and for $X$ a smooth projective scheme we obtain that Hochschild homology is concentrated in degree zero. Using the Hodge decomposition \cite{BFl2} of Hochschild homology in characteristic zero, for $X$ smooth over $Y$ the Hodge groups $H^{q}(X,\Omega_{X/Y}^{p})$ vanish for $p < q$, while in the absolute case they even vanish for $p\neq q$. We illustrate the results for crepant resolutions of quotient singularities, in particular for the total space of the canonical bundle on projective space.


We report the spontaneous formation of emulsion droplets and multilamellar concentric onions when a water drop is immersed into dodecane containing phospholipids. We show that the origin of the spontaneous emulsification is the formation of a semicrystalline multilamellar film at the dodecane−water interface, which swells with water, shedding the emulsion and onion droplets. We use coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy to determine that the shell of the onion structures is composed of partially hydrated concentric bilayers, and the core is composed of lipids, water, and dodecane.


Abstract : This report summarizes the result of a study on nonlinear phenomena in plasmas with main emphasis on developing deterministic theories for plasma turbulence based on the Ruelle-Takens theory of strange attractors, and on the interaction of solitons. The main results include the demonstration of the occurrence of turbulence-like solutions in a simplified Zakharov model for Langmuir turbulence and a number of nonlinear three-wave interactions. The stability of mode-converted lower-hybrid solitons is also studied. (Author)


To explore the similarities and differences between the control and protections of ultra-high voltage direct current systems(UHVDC) and conventional high voltage direct current systems(HVDC),the characteristics of UHVDC control and protection system is analyzed in detail.Firstly,taking the Xiangjiaba-Shanghai UHVDC project as an example,we introduced its control and protection framework,configuration features,and its similarities and differences compared with that of HVDC.Then,we analyzed the control algorithm changes in UHVDC,such as changes in the control algorithms of power compensation,valve control,online input and withdrawal strategy of converters,de-icing operation mode and so on.Finally,we discussed the converter transformer saturation protection and the final breaker protection principles which were developed based on HVDC protection,and described the specific protection functions of UHVDC.According to the analysis,the dual 12-pulse valve in series adopted in the UHVDC projects,and the bypass breakers added in the bus area of valve connecting in which UHVDC is different from HVDC in primary connections,as well as the higher protection standard for UHVDC,are the main reasons that cause the difference of UHVDC protection systems from HVDC.A protection system DCC800 is capable of controlling valves in series,enhancing the coordination of control and protection among valves,which will result in more flexibility and diversity of UHVDC operations.In the presented UHVDC protection system,a "Two out of three" protection principle and redundant eTDM buses are adopted in UHVDC,and the problem of main computer stalling is solved well,ensuring that the system has more overall reliability.


Zn0.98Al0.02O thinfilms were deposited onto glass substrate through spin coating technique with different chuck rotation rates (rpm's) and the effect of rpm on their structural, optical and photoluminescence properties were investigated. The structural results confirm the good adhesive nature of the films with glass substrate and formation of hexagonal wurtzite crystal phase with an average crystallite size of 20 nm. Small significant effect on the crystallinity was observed with increase in the chuck rotation speed (rpm), whereas the thickness of the films found to decreases. The optical absorbance and transmittance measurements were recorded in the wavelength range 250 - 1000 nm. Optical studies confirm the films with > 85% transparency in the visible wavelength region were achieved. Photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectra of films were recorded under the emission wavelength of 450 nm. It reveals the distinct peak at 329 nm and it also shows distinct emission peaks at 408, 450, 483 and 530 nm for excitation wavelength of 329 nm and these emission peaks are assigned to the defects induced by the Al3+ substitution.


It would be difficult to pinpoint when the instruction of cultural studies began in Turkey, as humanities and social science scholars with ties to academic circles in various parts of the world where cultural studies has been practised reflected the methodology in the various courses they taught as soon as they themselves became acquainted with it. The Crossroads in Cultural Studies conference, begun in 1996 in Tampere, has counted from its very inception numerous participants from Turkey. It must be said that cultural studies seems to have been invented especially for Turkish society, as its emphasis on examining issues of power and social difference makes it a particularly apt approach to exploring and critiquing the decidedly hierarchical and patriarchal character of the latter. Turks from different walks of life who have suffered since childhood at the hands of overbearing parents, instructors, bosses and officials almost need no explanation when exposed to Michel Foucault: his work reflects and speaks to their experience. Moreover, in this age of globalization and translocation, the positionality of the Turks in the global village as subjects (in both the sense of active agents and being subjected to various discourses and institutions) is best contextualized in and explored through the multi-faceted and interdisciplinary discourse of cultural studies. The social science student who investigates the predicament of the Gastarbeiter's mistreatment at the hands of the German Polizei or Meister finds in cultural studies an elucidation no single, discrete discipline affords. Cultural studies likewise unfolds, for the student of literary studies reading the emerging Turco-German authors such as Renan Demirkan and Emine Sevgi Özdamar, a fascinating narrative of immigration and ethnic identity formation which eludes traditional literary analysis. A society that has suffered for centuries in the grips of Orientalism, both explicit and implicit, identifies with each and every line of The Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, 26:129–153, 2004 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Inc. ISSN: 1071-4413 print DOI: 10.1080=10714410490480386


Wilson's disease is a rare congenital disease caused by deficiency of the copper-transporting P-type ATPase-B enzyme. The course of disease varies widely from the latent form to the acute liver failure which is observed in 5% of Wilson's disease cases. This clinical case represents experience of liver transplantation as the only curative treatment for patients with fulminant form of Wilson's disease demonstrating excellent postoperative results. Living donor liver transplantation allows performing the operation in the shortest possible time which is necessary in acute liver failure. The plasmapheresis with plasma exchange AB (IV) allows preparing the patient for transplantation with incompatible blood group.


Abstract : This work is intended to provide new materials and methods for systems with micrometer and nanometer dimensions that will contribute to microelectronics design and manufacturing. The major components of the programs are: (1) Self-assembly, which provides a way of making highly perfect structures with minimal cost and high quality (2) Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), system of materials that provides a high level of control over the properties of surfaces, and that are also functional in various ways. (3) Soft lithography, which provides a technology for patterning in the plane of the surface that is complementary to current photolithography. (4) Electronically functional devices from conjugated organic oligomers of precise length and constitution for utilization as interconnects and devices.


Strictly positive logics recently attracted attention both in the description logic and in the provability logic communities for their combination of efficiency and sufficient expressivity. The language of Reflection Calculus RC consists of implications between formulas built up from propositional variables and constant 'true' using only conjunction and diamond modalities which are interpreted in Peano arithmetic as restricted uniform reflection principles. We extend the language of RC by another series of modalities representing the operators associating with a given arithmetical theory T its fragment axiomatized by all theorems of T of arithmetical complexity Π n , for all n > 0. We note that such operators, in a strong sense, cannot be represented in the full language of modal logic. We formulate a formal system RC extending RC that is sound and, as we conjecture, complete under this interpretation. We show that in this system one is able to express iterations of reflection principles up to any ordinal < ε0. Secondly, we provide normal forms for its variable-free fragment. Thereby, this fragment is shown to be algorithmically decidable and complete w.r.t. its natural arithmetical semantics. In the last part of the paper we characterize in several natural ways the Lindenbaum–Tarski algebra of the variable-free fragment of RC and its dual Kripke structure. Most importantly, the elements of this algebra correspond to the sequences of proof-theoretic Π n+1-ordinals of bounded fragments of Peano arithmetic called conservativity spectra, as well as to the points of the well-known Ignatiev Kripke model.


ABSTRACT In this study, we considered a single-machine scheduling problem with release times and the objective is to minimize the total weighted completion time. Two new heuristics were proposed with the use of decision indexes that assign the priorities to jobs in the sequence. The former decision index is based on the rearrangement of the objective function whereas the latter is based on a decomposition procedure to generate a better lower bound. A dominance rule was also developed to eliminate the node in which its partially scheduled sequence is dominated by a simple heuristic developed in this study. Experimental results showed that both heuristics yielded near-optimal solutions in a very short time.


notion of space, and the fateful consequences of this displacement for personal existence. See William H. Poteat, "Persons and Places: Paradigms in Communication," in Art and Religion as Communication, ed. James Waddell and F. W. Dillistone (Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1974), pp. 175-95. The work of Stephen Crites represents a somewhat parallel effort. For example, in "Myth, Story, History," p. 68, he contrasts the ways in which story on the one hand and theory on the other succeed in disclosing a coherent pattern in a sequence of events and explains how theorizing accomplishes this by ignoring our sense of the specific detail of the total scene of these events as well as our sense of time, that the future must await the outcome of the present. See also Crites' essay, "The Narrative Quality of Experience," Journal of the American Academy of Religion 39 (September 1971), pp. 308ff. 21See Erich Kahler, The Tower and the Abyss: An Inquiry into the Transformation of Man (New York: The Viking Press, 1967), chaps. 4 and 5. This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Thu, 15 Sep 2016 05:44:28 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms RUMINATIONS ON THE CLAIM OF INENARRABILITY 573 communication with the world, will then seem as powerless to order and comprehend as would an unknown tongue. Because of the mind-set with which many modern thinkers have gone into such an experience, it has registered with them not as the hallucination one would ordinarily take it to be, but as a disillusioning confrontation with the bedrock of reality. In consequence, commonsense understandings become suspect and ordinary appearances equivocal and unreal. However overwhelming such an experience may be, it remains artificially induced, a distortion of the means by which reality makes itself known to us. That it should nevertheless be taken as alone trustworthy is an indication of how far modern thought can drift from reality as it is concretely given.


There are two major parts to this dissertation. In the first part, efficient sequential and parallel algorithms for locating structured facilities on tree networks are developed. Both path-shaped and tree-shaped structure are addressed. For optimality criteria, minimum/maximum eccentricity/distancesum are considered. Among these problems, the case of finding the maximum distancesum tree of a specified size was unsolved. In 1985, Minieka stated that the maximum distancesum tree problem has computational complexity $O(2\sp{n})$, where n is the number of vertices in the tree network. We present a polynominal time sequential algorithm and a poly-log time parallel algorithm for the problem, thereby solving this open problem. For other problems, our algorithms improve the best known results significantly in terms of time-processor complexities.
In the second part, we present an efficient scheme to allocate task graphs to Hypercube multiprocessors. Both precedence relations and communication requirements among tasks are considered in the allocation scheme. The optimality criterion is to minimize the turnaround time. Turnaround time includes processing time of tasks and communication time among tasks. The task graph is first translated into a MPE (Multistage PE) model, developed in this research, using the priority listing method to minimize the processing time of tasks. Then mappings between every stage of the MPE model and the underlying system, i.e. Hypercube, are performed. The mappings are performed by a heuristic branch and bound search algorithm with implicit depth first (LCBB/IDF). The experiments are conducted in a transputer net with 16 IMS T800 transputers. The results show that the allocation scheme is efficient and performs well with respect to search pruning and minimizing the turnaround time for different sizes and shapes of task graphs. ftn$\sp*$This work was partially supported by NATO under grant CRG890612 and NSF under grant CCR-9002351.


Longitudinal studies integrating imaging and genetic data have recently become widespread among bioinformatics researchers. Combining such heterogeneous data allows a better understanding of complex diseases origins and causes. Through a multi-view based workflow proposal, we show the common steps and tools used in imaging genetics analysis, interpolating genotyping, neuroimaging and transcriptomic data. We describe the advantages of existing methods to analyze heterogeneous datasets, using Parkinson's Disease (PD) as a case study. Parkinson's disease is associated with both genetic and neuroimaging factors, however such imaging genetics associations are at an early investigation stage. Therefore it is desirable to have a free and open source workflow that integrates different analysis flows in order to recover potential genetic biomarkers in PD, as in other complex diseases.


Both electron beam interference and beat can form a periodic charge density distribution and thus a periodic electric field respectively. When another electron is moving across this field, it should irradiate electro-magnetic waves due to the acceleration. We have discussed the problems on the electron beam radiation from beat[1]. And the electron beam beat is, however, an un-usual physical phenomenon while the electron beam interference is rather common. We shall indicate here that the interference field may be used to form radiation as well.


Background: Traditional healers have used medicinal plants to treat infectious diseases since time immemorial. These natural products have not only played a vital role in healing, but have also contributed to the discovery of many pharmaceutically active agents. Objectives: This research was aimed at assessing the effects of crude extract of Ficus natalensis on the liver. Methodology: Test and control Wistar albino rats were fed on either Water or Ethanolic extract of Ficus natalensis and water-only (control) respectively and their serum harvested. Biochemical analysis of liver function tests was performed and Human Diagnostic Test Kits were used to assay for the enzymes ALT (alanine aminotransferase), (AST (serum aspartate aminotransferase) and γ-GT (gamma glutamyl transpeptidase).The organ body weight ratio was also recorded. Results: The cold water decoction once administered to the rats showed adverse effects leading to death of the experimental animals by day 3. The ethanolic extract results showed that there was a dose-dependent alteration in the indices of liver function as well as enlargement of the liver following feeding on the ethanolic extract of Ficus natalensis . All the serum enzyme activity of ALT, AST and GGT were increased in a dose-dependent manner and the groups of animals being fed on the ethanolic extract, showed a reduction in weight. Discussion: The cold water extraction might have extracted all the active ingredients including some that were toxic to the laboratory animals leading to their death. The ethanolic extracts exhibited alterations in the indices of liver function as well as enlargement of the liver in a dose-specific manner. All the serum enzyme activity of ALT, AST and GGT was increased in a dose-dependent manner. This could possibly be due to hepatotoxicity resulting from the metabolites of the Ficus natalensis. Key words: Ficus natalensis , Ethanolic extract, Liver toxicity


The apparent position of the Sun in relation to any surface is defined by the solar incident angle. The solar incident angle forms the vector of the position of the Sun and the vector of normal to the observed surface. The spatial position of the aforementioned vectors is determined by solar coordinates, which include: declination, latitude, hour angle, longitude, solar elevation angle, solar azimuth angle, azimuth angle of the observed surface, angle of inclination of the observed surface in the north-south direction and angle of inclination of the observed surface in the east-west direction. This article describes in detail the theoretical model for determining the solar incident angle for an arbitrarily placed fixed, flat surface using vector algebra and analytical geometry, as well as solar coordinates. The study model, which was developed by combining, modifying, and supplementing existing models, can be used to determine the thermal performance of solar devices such as: solar collectors, PV panels, and hybrid solar systems.


Reports the measurement of submicron transferred-substrate InGaAs/InAlAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) in the 140-220 GHz frequency band. We believe this is the first reported characterization of HBTs above 110 GHz. Previous measurements of transferred-substrate HBTs have predicted record values of power gain cutoff frequency by extrapolating at -20 dB/decade the unilateral power gain measured at 110 GHz. Due to uncertainties associated with our measurement techniques, the unilateral power gain could not be determined for higher-gain devices. Additionally, transistor S-parameters measured in the 140-220 GHz band do not correlate well with a hybrid-pi model derived from measurements at lower (6-45 GHz) frequencies.


Accessibility of facilities to disabled people has become an emerging issue in Malaysia.Hosting FESPIC games 2006 in Kuala Lumpur has further increased awareness among disabled people, government and private sectors on accessibility to buildings and transportation service.Since Langkawi is one of the most famous tourist attraction in Kedah, the accessibility of disabled facilities of hotels in Langkawi are crucial.Receiving 752,290 foreign tourist arrivals in 2005, it is inevitable that disabled visitors also make up this statistic.This research investigates the lodging properties' awareness of the need to accommodate disabled guest, especially guests on wheelchair.This research also determines the perceived benefits and barriers faced by lodging properties in providing disabled facilities.As the approach used in this study is qualitative research, data was collected through in-depth interviews which have been tape- recorded, transcribed to MS word and analysed through the content analysis method.The findings reveal good feedback on awareness of disabled facilities in hotels as well as several drivers and barriers in providing disabled facilities.It is suggested that a coordinated approach by the government, related agencies and tourism industry in planning tourism access is vital to provide accessibility for the disabled traveller.Consideration should also be given to introduce legislation that will encourage lodging properties to provide accommodation services that are more disabled friendly.


This paper is devoted to a famous scientist Petro Petrovych Kurinny – an archaeologist, historian, art critic, musuemist, and heritage protectionist in Ukraine and in immigration. This article provides information on the autobiographical documentary of P Kurinny, which is stored in the archive of the Ukrainian Free University in Munich. He immigrated to Germany and attempted to immediately start scientific and educational activities. The scientist was among not too many archeologists in the diaspora and considering his high reputation and scientific weight, Ukrainian Free University engaged him as an extraordinary professor since 1946, since 1948 as an ordinary professor and since 1950 he received the doctorate. All these allow analyzing the autobiographical documents in the archive of Ukrainian Free University. Special scientific value can be found in his autobiography «Short biography», which was provided to the Ukrainian Free University as part of the application for the mentioned above positions. An important part of the scientific documents play the lists of publications and the articles that were finished but yet not published. It was established that the lists of materials that the scientist and archeologist had an intention to publish and were taken by him from Ukraine but have not been found in his archive. This paper proved that there are no traces of self-censoring as it was in his soviet time of scientific work. In addition, these documents allow us to analyze the events of his scientific and academic life in immigration in Germany, as well as to establish unknown facts of his biography. We also can observe the prosopographical portrait in a circle of the famous figures of Ukrainian emigrant science.
Key words: Petro Kurinny, autobiographical documents, short biography, Ukrainian Free University, Munich.


• Fen Wang, Zijing Wang, et al. Facile synthesis SnO2 nanoparticle-modified Ti3C2 MXene nanocomposites for enhanced lithium storage application J Mater Sci (2017) 52:3556–3565 • Bilal Ahmeda, Dalaver H.Anjum, et al. Atomic layer deposition of SnO2 on MXene for Li-ion battery anodes Nano Energy 34 (2017) 249–256 • Synthesis of MXene begins with MAX powder, which consists of alternating layers of titanium carbide and aluminum • The MAX powder is etched in HF, removing the layers of aluminum • Extensive ultrasonication is done to help increase the spacing between MXene layers Currently, lithium ion batteries dominate the field of portable electronics and alike in terms of energy storage. With the rise of demand for better energy storage in cars and homes, lithium ion batteries show promise. Being that current electrodes do not have to storage capacity to meet this demand, a better alternative is sought.


A novel nonparametric system identification (SI) algorithm is described, focusing on PID-based control loops for buck converters with effective series resistance (ESR) in the output filter. Dithering amplification effects on the control path are exploited during the steady-state converter operation. The noise injected is used to stimulate the loop reaction and to identify the output filter configuration. Oversampling-dithering features of third-order ΔΣ modulators are used to increase the DPWM resolution during the converter nominal operation and, moreover, as the core key to compute the SI algorithm. A modified structure of a noise shaper is used to handle the resolution of the SI algorithm over a range of the desired frequencies during the nonparametric identification. The SI algorithm comprises two steps: the first processing step extracts the resonant frequency, and the second extracts the ESR zero from the power spectrum density computation of the control feedback error. The SI method has been validated with different buck converter configurations, and has successfully been integrated and measured into a digitally controlled buck converters prototype for automotive safety application.


Abstract. Anti‐IgA antibodies were studied in sera from patients with nonhemolytic transfusion reactions for which no serological reason had been found. Of the 158 sera that were studied by passive hemagglutination assay using twelve IgA myeloma proteins, 4 samples had class‐specific antibodies and 10 samples antibodies with limited specificity. Titers were 1:8 or less. 100 multitransfused hemophilia patients were studied with two IgA myeloma proteins. Four of the sera had anti‐IgA antibodies. Normal blood donor sera reacted with TgA only when antigens were first either digested with pepsin or stored for several months as dilute solutions in refrigerator. The results emphasize the need for fresh IgA proteins of good quality when human anti‐IgA antibodies are investigated.


Thank you for reading violence and activism at the border gender fear and everyday life in ciudad juarez. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this violence and activism at the border gender fear and everyday life in ciudad juarez, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their computer.


An electrochemical biosensor was developed based on formaldehyde dehydrogenase immobilized with Nafion membrane for determination of formaldehyde in fish. The enzyme was immobilized through the entrapment technique and measured based on the reduction of I²-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The response time of the formaldehyde biosensor was <1 min, with an optimum pH of 8. The optimum enzyme loading and NAD + concentrations were found at 30 mg/mL and 0.5 mM, respectively. Using the formaldehyde biosensor, a linear response of formaldehyde showed a range of 0.1 to 10 ppm and a detection limit of 0.016 ppm. In application of Nash method, the samples were stored at 4°C ± 1 for 10 days. With the two combined methods, a linear correlation coefficient with R ² = 0.9982 (y = 0.956x - 0.014) was found. The developed formaldehyde biosensor showed a good reproducibility, long storage stability (more than 6 months stored at 4°C), and also effective monitoring of formaldehyde level in Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) fish.


Shoulder dislocations occur when the humeral head translates over the edge of the glenoid socket of the scapula, permanently stretching the capsular ligaments. This injury of the capsular tissue results in pathological joint laxity which is a major contributor to recurrent dislocations and is a key feature of shoulder instability. The ideal surgical parameters to correct this pathology have yet to be established due to a lack of understanding of how shoulder kinematics and capsular mechanics are affected by different surgical procedures. To address this knowledge gap, we developed patient-specific computer models of the shoulder which include anatomically accurate models of the capsule. The purpose of this study was to simulate capsular plication of the glenohumeral ligaments and to evaluate the effect different degrees of plication had on glenohumeral joint laxity and rotation.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


The Ontario Curriculum Guidance and Career Education from Grade 9 to 12 is composed of 7 courses. They are Learning Strategies 1: Skills for Success in Secondary School, Career Studies, Discovering the Workplace, Designing Your Future, Leadership and Peer Support, Advanced Learning Strategies: Skills for Success After Secondary School and Navigating the Workplace. This article describes the roles of the curriculum and introduces the main contents of the courses, the curriculum expectation and teaching approaches. It also provides comments on the characteristics of the curriculum and enlightenment to curriculum development for Chinese secondary school.


Objective To investigate the diagnose and therapy of patients with smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) of gstrointestinal tract (GI). Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical and pathological data of 92 patients with SMTs of GI admitted from 1982 to 1999 in Nanfang Hospital. Results Location of the lesion: 41 cases in stomach, 44 in small intestine, and 7 in large bowel. Adjuvant examinations: BUS was performed on 63 cases with positive findings in 31; CT on 27 cases with positive findings in 20; DSA on 29 cases with positive findings in 27; barium series on 45 with positive findings in 28; and small intestinoscopy on 11 cases with pasitive findings in 2. Conclusions DSA is the most effective method in diagnoses of SMTs of GI, especially for small intestinal leiomyoma. The primary treatment of GI SMTs is surgical resection.


previously (6). Allele frequencies in the 2 groups were virtually identical (Figure 1B). Thus, the HLA association in CSS is not due to linkage disequilibrium with the HLA–DPB1 locus. Nonetheless, the HLA region contains numerous suitable candidate genes for CSS, and the question of whether one or several of these are the basis for the findings reported by Vaglio et al and confirmed by us requires further investigation.


Five continuous GNSS stations monitor the Argentière glacier surface motion on a longitudinal profile at 2400 m altitude over a full melt season, from April to November 2019. High precision data analysis is enabled by a close-by reference station on the bedrock. This GNSS survey is part of the SAUSSURE project 2019-2022 that aims at increasing our knowledge on the physics of glacier basal sliding, by improving friction laws and validating them in a natural environment. The Argentière glacier is particularly interesting due to its long-term subglacial observatory measuring basal sliding velocity and subglacial discharge. The SAUSSURE project furthermore includes seismic, tiltmeter and piezometer measurements. The bedrock topography is obtained from a Ground Penetrating Radar.

The dense GNSS station setup permits to validate individual antenna movements. We then retrieve horizontal and vertical surface velocities on daily and sub-daily time scales. We can deduce strain rates in between the stations and their evolution in time, and relate this observable with the vertical surface motions. The confrontation of the GNSS data with independent observations allows analyzing the surface motions searching for glacier surges that combine horizontal speed-ups combined with uplift due to bed separation of the ice sheet. These events could give indications about cavity growth in spring. We will also try to investigate sub-daily motions that seem to occur in daily cycles in summer, as hinted at by the basal sliding measurements. These daily cycles are usually also seen in the seismic activity. The phase of the different features varies with respect to the daily cycles of temperature and sub-glacial water pressure. These phase offsets can give us indices on eventual mechanisms of sliding at the bedrock interface. The GNSS measurements represent a rare in situ data set that can contribute to better apprehend mechanisms of basal sliding and to provide high-resolution 3D constraints on physical models of glacier flow.


In a controllable text generation dataset, there exist unannotated attributes that could provide irrelevant learning signals to models that use it for training and thus degrade their performance. We propose focused prefix tuning (FPT) to mitigate the problem and to enable the control to focus on the desired attribute. Experimental results show that FPT can achieve better control accuracy and text fluency than baseline models in single-attribute control tasks. In multi-attribute control tasks, FPT achieves comparable control accuracy with the state-of-the-art approach while keeping the flexibility to control new attributes without retraining existing models.


ABSTRACT Direct C–H bond functionalization chemistry allows the pot-, atom-, and step-economical and original construction of carbon–carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds starting from hydrocarbons (or hydrocarbon fragments) without requiring pre-functionalization of the starting materials. In this context, synthesis of biologically and synthetically important thioesters through direct thioesterification of aldehydes has recently attracted considerable attention from organic synthetic communities, because aldehydes are cheap and widely abundant chemical materials. This review highlights up-to-date developments and accomplishments in this interesting research arena with special emphasis on the mechanistic aspects of the reactions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The objective of this report is to describe how I analytically computed the average energy of neutrons that induce fission in the bare BeRP ball. The motivation of this report is to resolve a discrepancy between the average energy computed via the FMULT and F4/FM cards in MCNP6 by comparison to the analytic results.


Thresholds are a convenience. They can summarize complex sensitivity analyses and provide decision makers (both physicians and patients) with decision rules: take one action if a particular parameter's value is below the threshold; take another action if the parameter's value is above the threshold. If the parameter's value just equals the threshold, the two actions should have equal expected utilities and decision makers should be indifferent between the actions-


According to the production schedule,a blowing-down for 16 hours was carried out at the 3200m3 BF of LaiSteel.By optimizing the blowing-down and re-blowing operations and properly controlling the operating variables,it took only 8 hours after the re-blowing to return the production to its normal levels.Good benefits were attained.


Abstract We find a way to calculate the term with lowest exponent in the Kauffman bracket polynomial of a closed 3-string braid. This leads us to a new proof of the faithfulness of the Temperley-Lieb representation of the 3-string braid group B3. In particular we will prove that for any link with braid index 3 either the coefficient of the lowest degree term or the coefficient of the highest degree term of the Jones polynomial is equal to ±1.


In order to have a clear understanding what are the problems concerning house social security in China,a guided analysis was made for presenting some basic concepts on their solution.The study shows that under the market-oriented economy circumstances the government should take a limited responsibility for housing social security.The appropriate mode is the mode of supplement by government.The long term goal of social security should be the security for the whole people;but in recent years it should only cover part of them.The government should take different social security modes,determine the reasonable level according to different factors of economic development,not rejecting non-governmental effort for housing security;on the contrary,it should raise housing funds from multiple channels and make them in full use.In short,the housing social security system should be set up with government taking primary responsibility,the central and local goverments sharing their roles in the system.The housing social security should be contained in the whole social security systems,taking all the related factors into consideration,such as the relations between housing social security and other social security departments and providing necessary facilities for housing security.


Abstract : A finite deformation analysis of the region surrounding the tip of small crack like ellipses in an infinite plate under all around tension is presented. The study is carried out in the deformed geometry and includes the effects of finite strains and rotations. A stress function is first introduced to the complete compatibility equations through linear constitutive relations; the resulting governing equation is solved through finite differences. The range of root radii investigated varies from one to nine times that of a deformed crack. Normal stresses and strains, maximum in-plane shear stress, displacements and stress intensity factors are presented. The results of the analysis are compared to the linear analysis of Inglis. The effects of finite strains and rotations are shown to be large but are concentrated within a few root radii of the tip. It has been found that two types of behavior exist at the tip of notches, depending on the size of the root radius: small root radii produce maximum stresses away from the tip, whereas larger root radii produce maximum stresses at the tip itself.


Approximately 100 inbred corn, Zea Mays L., lines in replicated tests of four or more hybrid and reciprocal cross combinations were evaluated for grain weight loss due to feeding by Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Results showed highly significant differences among inbreds within three different groups of lines, indicating substantial genetic variation for resistance to maize weevil feeding. Several of the single crosses performed at significantly different levels of resistance than their reciprocals. However, many of the best performing single crosses did not differ greatly from their reciprocals, thus indicating that resistance was being conferred to the cross from both inbreds. High-performance crosses, involving the inbreds of 91549 38A, L578, and L690, should be useful for introgressing resistance into commercial lines and for the development of composites that can be used as breeding populations in a recurrent selection program for improving resistance to feeding by the maize weevil.


Objective To assess the effect of tetrandrine on immunologically induced liver fibrosis in rats and to study the possible mechanisms of their actions. Methods 50 rats were divided into 5 groups at random including normal controls, model controls, tetrandrine treated model groups of high, medium and low dosages (10 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 , 5 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 and 2.5 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 respectively) ( n =10 in each group). All rats, except the normal controls, were injected with porcine serum (0.5ml each time, twice a week) intra peritoneally for 8weeks to establish immunologically induced liver fibrosis. After the eighth week, groups of model rats were given by gavage once a day with different dosages of tetrandrine for another 8 weeks. Then liver functions, serum level of HA, LN, PCIII were tested and also the hepatic pathological changes were examined. Results ① Tetrandrine could improve liver function, protect cells from injury;② Tetrandrine could inhibit excessive extracell1ular matrix synthesis in experimental hepatofibrotic rats; ③ Pathological study of the rat liver sections also indicated that tetrandrine could alleviate the degree of fibrosis. Conclusion Tetrandrine has anti hepatofibrosis effect. Among all dosages, 5 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 has been proved to be the most effective one.


This study compared a group of teachers who had taught mentally retarded children in Minnesota for 2 years or less with a group who had taught for a more extended period. Those who quit with 2 or less years of experience tended to be younger men, employed in larger school systems, with minimum certification. There was no difference between the groups with regard to number of years of training, differential salary, or laboratory experiences.


Five new species of the genus, Aphelenchoides isolated from mushroom are described. Aphelenchoides agarici sp. n. is close to A. composticola but differs from the latter in size, prominence of vulval lips and longer female tail. A. myceliophagus sp. n. is close to A. sacchari, A. compositicola and A. saprophilus but differs from them in body size, shape and size of spicules and absence of papillae. A. neocomposticola sp. n. is close to A. composticola but differs from the latter in the body size, position of vulva and spicule size. A. swarupi sp. n. is close to A. subparietinus but differs in number of incisures in lateral field, position of vulva, shape of female and male tail and size of post-vulval uterine sac. A. minor sp. n. is close to A. composticola, A. sacchari, A. saprophilus, A. parietinus, A. eyrtus and A. dactyloeereus from which it differs in body size, length of stylet and size of spicules.


therapeutic applications against wide range of chronic diseases such as diabetes, pancreatitis, arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases and various types of cancer without toxicity to normal cells. Despite the numerous advantages, clinical realization of curcumin's potential has been limited due to its poor aqueous solubility (11ng/ml) and very low systemic bioavailability. An intriguing strategy to overcome these limitations is the design of nanosized drug delivery systems. Present study reports the preparation and characterization of hybrid pH-sensitive liposomal nanoparticles as platforms for delivery of curcumin. The pH-sensitive liposomes based on dipalmitoylphosphathydilcholine:cholesterol (DPPC:CHOL) and a pH-sensitive poly(isoprene-b-acrylic acid) (pI-pAA) were prepared by lipid film hydration method and extrusion, whereby curcumin is entrapped as a free drug and as a water soluble inclusion complex with polyoxyethylated calix[4]arene.Physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles (size, size distribution and zeta potential) were evaluated by DLS and the results revealed particles of app.180 nm with monomodal distribution (PDI below 0.2) and zeta potential of – 20 mV suitable for systemic application. Hybrid pH-sensitive liposomes showed significantly improved drug release profile. Formulated curcumin also presented superior cytotoxic activity in comparison with the free drug. These findings give us a reason to conclude thatthe hybrid pH-sensitive liposomal nanoparticles are promising platforms for curcumin


Successful proteome analyses of highly dilute samples are strongly dependent on optimized workflows considering especially sample preparation prior to highly sensitive mass spectrometric analysis. Various methods are available for enrichment of proteome samples, each characterized by specific advantages and disadvantages limiting their general application as a method of choice. Here we suggest an optimized universal protocol ensuring reproducibility and effective enrichment of dilute samples by commercial affinity beads. By comparably assessing the performance of the new protocol with selected standard enrichment techniques, we show the seamless application of the enrichment in common mass spectrometry based proteomic workflows. Further, novel applications are suggested including a facile storage and shipping of desiccated, trapped proteome samples at ambient temperatures and usage of the affinity beads for gel-free proteomic approaches.


The formation of ternary complexes of Th(IV), UO2(II), Ce(III), and La(III) cations with the monohydroxamic acids: acetohydroxamic acid (Aha), benzohydroxamic acid (Bha) and salicylhydroxamic acid (Sham) and diamines: ethylenediamine (en), 1,3-diaminopropane (dap), o-phenylenediamine (o-pda), m-phenylenediamine (m-pda) and p-phenylenediamine (p-pda) was studied using pH-metric titrations at 25 °C and I = 0.10 (NaNO3) in aqueous medium. The stability constants of normal ternary complexes for all the systems studied were evaluated. In the case of dap, protonated binary and ternary complexes could be detected and the corresponding stability constants were determined at the same experimental conditions. Except in the case of aliphatic diamines, there is a good correlation between the basicity of the ligands investigated, and stability of 1:1 binary complexes. Potentiometric measurements show that ternary complexes are formed in a stepwise manner. The order of stability of the ternary complexes in terms of the nature of hydroxamic acid, diamine, and metal ion was investigated and discussed. The relative stability of the mixed-ligand complex was compared with that of the binary complex. In addition, evaluation of the effect of temperature on both the ionization process of the ligands and complex formations for metal-Aha-en and metal-Sham-en ternary systems was studied. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed.


Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) and its variants are significant contributors to the spread of antibiotic resistance among Gammaproteobacteria. All known SGI1 variants integrate at the 3' end of trmE, a gene coding for a tRNA modification enzyme. SGI1 variants are mobilized specifically by conjugative plasmids of the incompatibility groups A and C (IncA and IncC). Using a comparative genomics approach based on genes conserved among members of the SGI1 group, we identified diverse integrative elements distantly related to SGI1 in several species of Vibrio, Aeromonas, Salmonella, Pokkaliibacter, and Escherichia. Unlike SGI1, these elements target two alternative chromosomal loci, the 5' end of dusA and the 3' end of yicC. Although they share many features with SGI1, they lack antibiotic resistance genes and carry alternative integration/excision modules. Functional characterization of IMEVchUSA3, a dusA-specific integrative element, revealed promoters that respond to AcaCD, the master activator of IncC plasmid transfer genes. Quantitative PCR and mating assays confirmed that IMEVchUSA3 excises from the chromosome and is mobilized by an IncC helper plasmid from Vibrio cholerae to Escherichia coli. IMEVchUSA3 encodes the AcaC homolog SgaC that associates with AcaD to form a hybrid activator complex AcaD/SgaC essential for its excision and mobilization. We identified the dusA-specific recombination directionality factor RdfN required for the integrase-mediated excision of dusA-specific elements from the chromosome. Like xis in SGI1, rdfN is under the control of an AcaCD-responsive promoter. Although the integration of IMEVchUSA3 disrupts dusA, it provides a new promoter sequence and restores the reading frame of dusA for proper expression of the tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase A. Phylogenetic analysis of the conserved proteins encoded by SGI1-like elements targeting dusA, yicC, and trmE gives a fresh perspective on the possible origin of SGI1 and its variants. Author summary We identified integrative elements distantly related to the Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1), a key vector of antibiotic resistance genes in Gammaproteobacteria. SGI1 and its variants reside at the 3' end of trmE, share a large, highly conserved core of genes, and carry a complex integron that confers multidrug resistance phenotypes to their hosts. Unlike members of the SGI1 group, these novel genomic islands target the 5' end dusA or the 3' end of yicC, lack multidrug resistance genes, and seem much more diverse. We showed here that, like SGI1, these elements are mobilized by conjugative plasmids of the IncC group. Based on comparative genomics and functional analyses, we propose a hypothetical model of the evolution of SGI1 and its siblings from the progenitor of IncA and IncC conjugative plasmids via an intermediate dusA-specific integrative element through gene losses and gain of alternative integration/excision modules.


Service quality (SQ) is of strategic importance in the hospitality sector from both company's and customers' viewpoint. Hence, it is crucial for every organization's function and survival in such a competitive era. As proven in the literature, competitive advantage apart of being an indicator of a firm's successful performance, it is an indicator of a firm's profitability. Through a review in literature there are five hypotheses formed accordingly to the five dimensions of service quality that affect guest retention. The study's objectives are 1) to identify the dominant guest-defined characteristic of service quality 2) to examine its strategic impact on revisit intention and 3) to identify whether any differences occur between Greek and European guests in the way they perceive service quality. The aim is to provide strategic insights regarding the perceptions of service quality among Greek and European guests, as well as to clarify if there are any differences in the way their perceptions are formed in order to contribute to the literature with regard to the Greek hospitality sector. Questionnaires, based on the SERVQUAL model will be used, in order to collect data from guests that have previously visited a 4 or 5 star hotel. Upon collection, the data will be analyzed with the use of the SPSS program. This paper follows the standards of similar surveys in the industry focused on the measurement of Service Quality. Though, little attempt can be spotted in regards to service quality in 4 and 5 star hotel sector in Greece and give practical directions for strategic design and implementation of services.


CMOS diodes are evaluated in terms of figure-of-merit (It2/C) and quality factor. Five 5.25-GHz LNAs with ESD protection are designed and tested; all have high ESD protection levels. The LNA protected with a one-diode variant of the cancellation circuit has RF performance almost identical to that of a sixth, unprotected LNA.


The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of two type steels is investigated by means of using thermo-mechanical controlled process with later off-line quenching and tempering(TMCP+QT) as well as controlled rolling with later direct quenching and tempering(CR+DQ+T) process.Two type steels are C-Mn-Cr-Mo-B steel and C-Mn-Mo-Nb-Cu-B steel respectively,for developing high strength steel of 1000MPa.The microstructure and mechanical properties is investigated by means of SEM and TEM.The results show that C-Mn-Cr-Mo-B steel has excellent combination of strength and low-temperature toughness after treated by TMCP+QT process with 450 ℃ to 550 ℃ tempering for 1 hour.The yield strength is above 1 000 MPa,elongation is above 15% and impact energy at-40 ℃ is more than 30 J.A large number of e-Cu particles precipitate in C-Mn-Mo-Nb-Cu-B steel after treated by CR+DQ+T process with 450 ℃ tempering,which leads to yield strength increase.Yield strength of the steel further improves to 1 030 MPa because of carbide precipitation of niobium,vanadium and molybdenum after tempered at 500 ℃ to 600 ℃,The yield strength is still above 1 000 MPa,the elongation is above 20% and the impact energy at-40 ℃ is more than 35 J after treated by 620 ℃ tempering.


Abstract : Gold nanorods (GNRs) are of interest in many biological applications, including drug delivery and biomedical imaging due to their unique optical properties and the versatility for surface modification. For use in such applications, it is important to understand the effect of surface chemistry on the toxicological effects of GNRs to cells. In the current study, GNR stabilized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (GNR-CTAB) and GNR functionalized via a ligand exchange method with either thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG) 5000 or mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA) were investigated for their stability in biological media and toxicological effects to HaCat cells. Cell viability assays demonstrated minimal toxicity of GNR-PEG and GNR-MHDA and high toxicity of GNR-CTAB, which was found to be due to the inherent toxicity of the cationic surfactant to cells. Due to this high level of toxicity, further studies focused only on GNR-MHDA and GNR-PEG. Cell uptake studies indicated relatively low uptake for GNR-PEG and high uptake for GNR-MHDA. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine effects at the genetic level and showed that GNR-PEG did not induce any effects, while GNR-MHDA influenced several of the genes investigated. Based on this information GNR-PEG is ideal for low cell uptake and high stability in biological media, while GNR-MHDA may be desirable for increased uptake of the GNRs into cells. However, further investigation into the potential effect of GNR-MHDA on gene expression is required.


[Objective] The aim of the research was to verify the application effect of commercial organic fertilizer on rice under different nitrogen levels.[Method] In the comparison experiments with split-plot design,the application effects of different amounts of commercial organic fertilizer on rice under different nitrogen levels were studied.[Result] Under the nitrogen application of 255 ?kg/hm2 and the commercial organic fertilizer amount of 9 000 ?kg/hm2,the yield was highest.Under the same nitrogen level,the increasing speed of yield by degrees was decreased gradually with the increment of application amount of commercial organic fertilizer.As the application amount of commercial organic fertilizer and nitrogen was increased,the number of effective panicles,1 000-grain weight and the growth period of rice were increased,and the panicle type became smaller.Under low-nitrogen level,the application of commercial organic fertilizer could take place of the deficiency of nitrogen and alleviate the occurrence and harm of rice diseases and insects effectively.[Conclusion] Applying commercial organic fertilizer was propitious to increase the yield per unit area.Considering synthetically,the suitable application amount of commercial organic fertilizer in Jiangsu Province was 6 750 kg/hm2.


Photovoltaic (PV) plant performance, among many factors, depends on inverter tracking of the maximum power point and its energy conversion efficiency. For a given PV array, under certain environmental conditions, the energy yield depends on the inverter's dynamic response for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with highly variable array output. This paper describes the theoretical irradiance test profile proposed in a European Norm Standard (EN 50530:2010) for inverter Dynamic MPPT efficiency evaluation. Example test results from two inverters are included. This paper also reports some discrepancy in the standard test profile by comparing the required test environment with high resolution measured solar irradiance ramp rate data for a South-East and a Western part of USA.


Although Grey-headed Albatrosses Thalassarche chrysostoma are usually regarded as biennial breeders, taking a year off following a successful breeding attempt, a small proportion of successful birds attempt to breed annually. This proportion was higher at Marion Island (5.4%) than at Bird Island, South Georgia (1.0%), suggesting that conditions are more favourable at Marion Island. This hypothesis is supported by higher average breeding success and shorter lags following both successful and failed breeding attempts at Marion Island. Factors favouring reproduction at Marion Island may include reduced intraspecific competition (given the much smaller breeding population) and/or more predictable food supply (owing to production of meso-scale eddies associated with the Indian Ocean Ridge). Although annual breeding appeared to increase the risk of adult mortality, with several birds that attempted to breed annually found dead the following year, at least some birds greatly enhanced their reproductive output, with one male raising five chicks in five successive years. Contrary to life-history theory, there was no evidence that older birds were more likely to attempt annual breeding because of declining reproductive value.


Isatin derivatives are endogenous natural compounds under intense development in medicinal chemistry. A wide variety of these compounds have valuable pharmacological activities The novel 5-chloroisatin and 5-bromoistin derivatives were synthesized by the alkylation reaction on the nitrogen atom N, using a brominated alkylating agent in DMF under phase transfer catalysis conditions (PTC). The reaction leads to the expected products with good yields and structures of various compounds are determined by the analytical techniques NMR 1H, 13C and X-ray crystallographic study.


We present fast and highly parallelized versions of Shor's algorithm. With a sizable quantum computer it would then be possible to factor numbers with millions of digits. The main algorithm presented here uses FFT-based fast integer multiplication. The quick reader can just read the introduction and the ``Results'' section.


Summary Creep under low stresses is by diffusion and has a linear relation between stress and strain rate; it also obeys the Navier-Stokes equation. Therefore the viscosity of the mantle may be calculated from solid state theory and also from the slow deformations of the Earth. The viscosities derived by these methods are in reasonable agreement, and both show that the viscosity of the lower mantle is - lo5 greater than that of the upper. This high viscosity prevents polar wandering and lower mantle convection. Some suggested modifications of the viscosity depth calculations from post glacial uplift may improve their accuracy considerably. 1. The non-hydrostatic equatorial bulge All calculations concerned with post-glacial uplift (Haskell 1935, McConnell 1965) and with convection within the mantle (Pekeris 1935) have used a linear relation between stress and strain rate. Creep in the material then obeys Stokes' equation and therefore may be described by a viscosity which is independent of stress. Such creep only takes place at stresses below the yield stress < - p, where p is the shear modulus; at higher stresses the relation between stress and strain rate is non-linear (see Pratt, above). At stresses below the yield point diffusion creep alone can operate, and it has a linear relation between stress and strain rate. The diffusion creep rate also depends exponentially on temperature (Gordon 1965), and therefore is not sufficiently rapid to be measurable under ordinary laboratory conditions. For this reason solids were believed to be unable to deform for stresses below the yield stress, a concept called finite strength. The stresses caused by the melting of ice caps, by the non-hydrostatic bulge, and by regional temperature differences are probably less than the yield stress. Thus the viscosity will be stress independent, and the equation of a Maxwell solid should describe the flow. However, there are regions where earthquakes occur, and where this argument is clearly false. The viscosity of the mantle between the crust and a depth of IOOOkm may be found from the uplift of formerly glaciated areas. McConnell (1965) finds the uplift of Fennoscandia can be explained if the viscosity is least at a depth of about 300 km, increasing both upwards and downwards (Fig. 2). The viscosity of the lower mantle, which is of considerable importance to theories of convection and polar wandering, unfortunately cannot be calculated from the uplift for two reasons. The first is that the depth to which the flow penetrates in a homogeneous half space is about equal to the radius of the applied load, or about 1000 km for Fennoscandia. This difficulty can be overcome when the uplift of the Canadian Shield has been measured. If, however, McConnell is correct and there is a viscosity minimum at a depth of about 300 km a second difficulty arises because the flow in the low viscosity layer will shield the lower mantle from the applied force. It is therefore unlikely that any surface load can be used to estimate the viscosity of the lower mantle.


insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells regulates glucose uptake from the blood into peripheral tissues, such as liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Therefore, pancreatic β-cells possess a central role in controlling systemic glucose homeostasis and energy balance. The relative proportion of this


RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim is to analyze and evaluate the attitude of the American administration to the issue of compliance with the principles of democracy and the rule of law in Poland in the context of the war in Ukraine.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The main question is whether the war in Ukraine influenced the approach of President Biden's administration to the issue of the quality of democracy and the rule of law in Poland? The analysis is carried out in the perspective of the concept of quality of democracy. The author interviewed American researchers and used the method of analyzing the content of text sources.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The first part covers a theoretical framework for the quality of democracy and the rule of law. The second part presents a synthetic presentation of the main elements of the dispute in Poland around these values. The next two parts cover the approach of the American administration to legal changes in Poland affecting the quality of democracy and the rule of law.
RESEARCH RESULTS: The war in Ukraine silenced American criticism of Poland. This is because the US strategic security interests take precedence over other values and interests. However, when the war in Ukraine is over, this problem may return and weigh heavily on Polish-American relations, especially if Democrats remain in power.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The political and legal dispute in Poland concerning the quality of democracy and the rule of law contributes to the international discussion on this topic. In the mainstream Western literature, there is a serious criticism of the actions of the Polish authorities, sometimes conducted without taking into account the weaknesses of contemporary liberal democracy. The illiberal trend in Poland and other countries in the region, especially in Hungary, fuels criticism of these actions.


An endoscope powered appliance, power tool which is constituted by the operating portion, and the cylindrical electrode portion, the use of an endoscope is inserted, provided with an electrode at the tip portion of the cylindrical portion, the operation portion is provided at the other end, which is inserted in the energization the endoscope instrument within the optical lens unit may protrude outwardly from the tip portion of the appliance is energized, and the energization of the endoscope instrument can be moved axially. Minor surgery under such an endoscope intravascular coagulation, especially endoscopic thoracic sympathetic blockade is effective operation, able to make a skin incision and minimal incision surgery portions. Surgery is not necessary to insert or remove the instrument body relative to the patient, it can reduce the chafing of the cut portion, the damaged portion will be cut to a minimum limit. Therefore, the patient can go home the day of surgery.


Abstract : We have been investigating the hypothesis that 11p15 harbors one or more breast cancer suppressor genes. We have defined a minimal region of loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer between D11S988 and D11S1318. We have also performed genetic complementation experiments on breast cancer cells using subchromosomal transferable fragments (STF), but the STFs did not prove to be sufficiently stable for these cells. We have therefore developed a novel one-step retrofitting vector containing a mammalian selectable gene that allows us to modify bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) for genetic complementation experiments, and we have successfully introduced these into tumor cells. We are currently testing these modified BACs on MCF-7 and HuMi breast cancer cells. We have also identified two new candidate genes within the region of LOH, termed TSSC4 and TSSC6. Twelve to 98 breast cancer samples were sequenced over the entire coding sequence of 8 genes within the region of LOH. While no somatic mutations were found, we did observe a germline alteration of one gene with in a patient multiple primary breast cancers. In addition, we found a novel alteration, relaxation of splicing fidelity, affecting multiple genes, in over half of human breast cancers.


OFTEN IN BOVINE AND EQUINE PRACTICE, intravenous administration of drugs is made via the jugular vein; occasionally, attempted venipuncture results in entry into the carotid artery. In both species, the carotid artery lies deep to the jugular vein and is separated from the former over the greater part of its length by the omohyoideus and sternocephalicus (ox) muscles (8); thus deeper penetration of the needle may result in injection into the carotid artery, occasionally with disastrous results. This report describes the effects of accidentally administering a tranquilizer into the carotid artery of a horse.


Blockchain technology promises to be hugely trending and empowering in education domain computing applications. The digital is becoming an integral part of modern life. So as the use of the digital world increases there are more chances of decrease is the security level. So more the use of digitization more the frauds and less the security. In some cases of personal data, leakage has brought back into the focus the security issues with the different identity sharing mechanisms. A customer is expected to provide his identity for authentication by different agencies. So the document verification process deals with the identification of the user. And in turn, provides the required security. The document verification procedures which are used by the colleges are completely dependent on the encryption. This system can be efficient by using Blockchain technology, which has the potential to automate a lot of manual processes and it is also resistant to hacks of any sort. The immutable blockchain block and its distributed ledger is the perfect complement to the process of document verification. With the addition of smart contacts, fraud detection can be automated..


Demand and capacity factor design (DCFD), which forms the analytical backbone of probabilistic performance evaluation in FEMA 350, essentially consists of a closed-form and analytical expression for the mean annual rate of exceeding a prescribed performance level. The format has been widely used, due to both its utility and simplicity of formulation. The DCFD has often tempted the researchers into trying to overcome its potential inaccuracies due to the underlying simplifying assumptions. The assumptions of a power-law hazard curve and Lognormality of the engineering demand parameter (EDP) given the intensity measure (IM) are distinguished as the two main causes of the inaccuracies in the formulation. This work offers an alternative glance into the original DCFD safety-checking format as a visual safety-checking instrument. The visualization draws upon overlapping of fragility and hazard curves. One of the advantages offered by this graphical procedure is that the site-specific hazard curve can be employed and visualized directly (only a slope parameter needs to be estimated). The proposed framework employs a reliability-based critical demand to capacity ratio as a global performance variable. It is shown that the proposed visual DCFD procedure leads –within acceptable limits of accuracy—to results that are comparable with those obtained through a direct calculation of risk by employing numerical integration, for the case-study frame and the collapse prevention performance level. 1Associate Professor, Dept. of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy 80125 (email: email@example.com) Jalayer F. Visualizing the Demand and Capacity Factor Design (DCFD) format for safety-checking. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. 2018. Visualizing the Demand and Capacity Factor Design (DCFD) format for safety-checking


Reprint of work that originally appeared in 1984. Excellent and thorough treatment of major demographic aspects of British Caribbean slavery from abolition of slave trade to slave emancipation. Draws heavily on extensive data available from slave registration returns for various islands to provide comparative perspective of nature of slave life. Excellent tables and figures. Essential for serious scholars of the region. -Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58


AVOA analysis is applied to isolate regions of potential fracture-induced anisotropy in the caprock for a CO2 monitoring and storage project using conventional 3D seismic data. The observed amplitude anisotropy is inverted to determine the magnitude and orientation of the near-offset AVO gradient. The magnitude and orientation are then plotted to provide anisotropy maps at the caprock level. Modeling and the analysis of multiple horizons are used to study the impact of anisotropy in the overburden and layers surrounding the caprock.