Objective:To report a child with mucolipidosis type III– pseudo-Hurler syndrome (ML III), focusing on the rarityof this entity and on diagnostic methods.Case...


In the process of industrialization and Urbaniza-tion,China's social crime have appeared many characteristics including that the number of crime isincreasing,crime nature is a major problem,crime location isincreasing and crime type ischanging. The impact ofthe process of industrialization and urbanization on the reasonsof crimeismore evident, it mainly embody in the simultaneous development witheconomic globalization and to promotingchanges in social structure, promoting culture conflict, promoting a change in the space environment, thereby it inducesan increasing number of criminal elements. In the process of industrialization and urbanization, we must take effective measures to curb the development of the crime.


Most state and local highway agencies have developed guidelines for regularly examining their highway systems to find, evaluate, and improve locations that have histories of high-crash rates. Documents have been drafted to help traffic engineers identify, analyze, and correct these high-crash locations (HCLs). While reviewing several HCL analysis guides, the authors identified some common misconceptions and areas needing further elaboration. This article briefly describes the HCL analysis process, examines some common errors, and provides additional background on 5 key concepts for understanding and analyzing HCLs. The aim is to help engineers, particularly those who do not specialize in high-crash rate studies, understand these concepts. The sections presented here describing application of the normal distribution and statistical significance are brief introductions to the issues; more detailed explanations appear in a companion article.


Doctor Jean-Marie Kunstmann, the person in charge of the Center of Study and of Preservation of Eggs and sperm (cecos) of the hospital Cochin, traces back the functioning and their history from 1970 until the present day. The medical indications of artificial insemination with donor (aid), the techniques of medically assisted procreation (map), have evolved as well as the legislation and the societal representations concerning the questions of male infertility, biological, emotional, social or legal filiations. Some children from the aid program who became adults, supported by some intellectuals, introduced a movement very well known in the media in favor of lifting the anonymity (of the donor). In the field, the collection of testimonies of donors, couples and concerned children indicates a reverse trend, of the unwillingness to meet in person. While in the great majority of the cases, the parents today inform their children of the peculiarity of their way of conception, the strategy of the secret could be chosen again if the law (in project), for lifting the anonymity is declared.


In the northern part of the United States, and especially in the Rocky Mountain region and in western Canada, where the growing season is relatively short, spring wheat is frequently subjected to temperatures below freezing at immature stages of growth. Kernels threshed from frosted wheat may be recognized by the blistered or wrinkled appearance of the outer layers of the bran and by their green pigmentation. Usually the more immature the wheat at the time of frost the greater the number of green kernels. The green kernels may not be büstered. Lugger {10) 2 attempted to distinguish between frosted and frozen wheat. He states:


Study on international students' adjustment while studying in a foreign environment is widely researched in the United States and Britain. A growing body of research has been carried out to study on its determinants. This paper intended to contribute to the Malaysian literature pertaining to this subject. Less attention is given on how the international students adjust successfully in Malaysian public university. This paper proposes seven antecedent variables in predicting the psychological and sociocultural adjustment among international students. Further, academic achievement is proposed as a result of successful adjustment to the psychological and sociocultural. Based on this relationship, several propositions are developed.


This paper organizes and briefly comments several Deng Xiaoping's expositions on"Two Leaps",domestic scholar's related researches as well as":Leap One"and "Leap Two"concerning rural economy.What is more,it makes the generalization and explains related concepts.


The National Program Plan has established data requirements for out-of-core structures for FBRs. Significant FFTF irradiation space with moderate gamma heating levels is required to irradiate relatively large fracture mechanics specimens to total neutron fluences ranging between 5 x 10/sup 21/ and 5 x 10/sup 22/ n/cm/sup 2/ and temperatures which range between 400/sup 0/C (750/sup 0/F) and 650/sup 0/C (1200/sup 0/F). Priority 1 data on stainless steel welds requires a test volume of 7443 cm/sup 3/ (454 in/sup 3/). Priority 2 data on 304 and 316 SS and Inconel 718 materials and Inconel 718 welds requires 2760 cm/sup 3/ (168 in/sup 3/). Priority 3 data on stainless steels, other nickel-base alloys, and ferritics requires 33,118 cm/sup 3/ (2021 in/sup 3/). Priority 4 data at elevated temperatures on stainless steels, other nickel-base alloys and ferritics requires 69,182 cm/sup 3/ (4221 in/sup 3/).


The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different located post surgical scars on both perfusion and redness. The pattern of change and correlation between perfusion and redness of post surgical scars is also examined.


1. An extruder (10) comprising at mere- one cylinder (24), - one or more extrusion elements (12, 14) disposed within the cylinder (24), - at least one outlet to remove the volatile compounds, this extruder further comprises at mere- one perforated die plate (26) attached to the cylinder (24) before the outlet in the flow direction (18) .2. Extruder according to claim 1, further comprising at least one inlet for supplying the stripping agent into the cylinder, and wherein the at least one apertured spinneret plate (26) is fixed in the cylinder (24) between the inlet and outlet otverstiem.3. Extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that the spinneret plate (26) comprises at least one mounting hole (30), each adapted for making the shaft (22) of extrusion elements (12, 14) .4. Extruder according to claim 3, characterized in that the fitting hole (30) provided with a sliding bearing for the shaft (22) of extrusion elements (12, 14) .5. Extruder according to claim 3, characterized in that the gap s provided between the inner rim of the fitting hole (30) and the shaft (22) of extrusion elements (12, 14), wherein the ratio of the gap s to the inner diameter D of the cylinder (24) is in particular , 0,001≤s / D≤0,02, preferably 0,002≤s / D≤0,01 and more preferably 0,003≤s / D≤0,006.6. Extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that the spinneret plate (26) comprises at least one perforation (32), wherein the perforation (32) comprises in the axial direction of the cylinder (24), the main bore (34) extending through a portion only the axial thickness of the die plate (26), wherein behind the main opening (34) in the axial direction


This chapter presents an overview of the prognostics and systems health management (PHM) techniques used for states estimation and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries. Li‐ion batteries represent complex electrochemical‐mechanical systems in which various degradation mechanisms are present. State of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) provide the estimates of remaining charge and remaining usable capacity of a Li‐ion battery respectively. The chapter discusses methods for battery SOC estimation and also presents a few case studies on experimental data to elaborate these methods. It then presents a case study on SOH estimation and RUL prediction using a Bayesian framework. PHM‐based decision‐making framework for Li‐ion batteries can provide recommendations for mission planning and maintenance scheduling based on the prognostic information, and can control the battery usage in real‐time to optimize the battery life‐cycle performance.


Objective:To review the experience of the early diagnosis and treatment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) in infants.Methods:Between March 1995 and March 2005,42 infants underwent surgical correction of TAPVC.There were 33 males and 9 females with mean age of(4.3±3.2)months (18 days to 3 years) and mean weight of(5.4±1.2)kg (3.2-11 kg).All patients were diagnosed by echocardiography.There were 27 supracardiac,10 cardiac,3 infracardiac,and 2 mixed types.Cardiac catheterization was performed in 11 patients,and 3 infracardiac patients received MRI examination.The total correction was performed with cardiopulmonary bypass.Six supracardiac patients were operated on through the top approach of left atrium.Results:There were 4 deaths with a mortality of 9.52%.Three supracardiac patients died perioperatively.One cardiac patient died of pulmonary venous obstruction 1 year afteroperation.Three infracardiac patients survived.Arrhythmia occurred in 7 patients,6 had transverse atrial incisions,and one was of cardiac type.Thirty-nine patients were followed up for 1 month to 10 years.All survivors' cardiac function were improved.Conclusion:The diagnosis of TAPVC can be confirmed by echocardiography.When in need,cardiac catheterization and MRI may be performed.Surgical repair of TAPVC is conducted as soon as possible.The superior approach for correction of supracardiac type of TAPVC can reduce postoperative morbidity from arrhythmia.


This article is devoted to the statistical research of modern women shoulder clothes fitting quality. Evaluation of garments quality a hot topic of contemporary research, caused by goods and services market conditions. The research sample included production of native and foreign light industry enterprises. The sample size was 3500 models of clothes. Products analysis for fitting defects display was made on the basis of photographs. A method of clothes images analysis for the quality assessing of garments fitting has been formed. Sampling was carried out according to the criteria defined in previous studies. Frequency of fitting defects occurrence in women''s clothing statistical data revealed the relationships between quality fitting and other characteristics of garments, such as range, silhouette, volume, size, price, etc. Priorities to improve the assessment of women''s clothes fitting quality have been formed. Priorities for developing objective methods of clothes fitting quality assessment in conjunction with its other characteristics have been identified.


We have observed that fibronectin has a characteristic fibrillar morphology within the extracellular matrix surrounding endothelial cells. This morphology, which is easily recognizable by conventional immunoperoxidase techniques, is disrupted if neutrophils are induced to degranulate on endothelial monolayers. Loss of the fibrillar morphology (degraded fibronectin) is characterized by fragmentation and diffuse spreading of fibronectin over the surface of the endothelial cells. Loss of the normal fibronectin architecture following neutrophil degranulation is more rapid and extensive in endothelium pretreated with Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1). In addition, there is loss from the fibronectin molecule of a chymotryptic protease‐sensitive epitope recognized by a cellular fibronectin specific antibody.


Raw natural gas contains methane, ethane, propane, some amounts of heavier hydrocarbons and impurities like water vapour, sulphur compounds, carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc. Presence of these components along with methane reduces the calorific value of the natural gas. Also, high percentage of impurities in natural gas can block pipelines due to hydrate formation during transportation. Therefore, to meet the pipeline specifications, natural gas dehydration plants are used to lower the percentage of water in it. Dehydration of natural gas can be carried out with the help of the adsorbents as well as absorbents. Choosing a dehydrating agent and designing of dehydration plant depends on a number of factors. Gas flow rate, percentage of initial and final water composition, dew point depression attained, and cost are some of the important factors to be considered during designing of dehydration plant. In this paper, we highlight the simulation of a natural gas dehydration process which has an inline glycol injection system and then compare its efficiency with the conventional dehydration system. The cost of setting these two units is also compared. The simulation study shows that the glycol injection system significantly reduces the mole fraction of water in the natural gas.


On the basis of Russian Federation economy simulation possibility analysis the necessity of formation of high-tech territorial clusters in the country was shown. As a variant of such clusters the project "Baraba" was proposed, providing in the territory of Western Siberia the establishment of conditions for comfortable accommodation for up to 1 million people and the organization no less than 250 thousand jobs of new generation in the agro-industrial sector with support of transport, information, and energy infrastructure. The critical and inertial points of the project, the main arguments for and against its realization, as well as key risks and methods for their management were determined.


1. Introduction The PROGRESS project [1] started in the end of 2001 as a grant from the Polish Committee of Scientific Research co-financed by Sun Microsystems. It aimed to design and implement an access environment to computational services performed by a cluster of Sun servers [2]. The grant, which finished in 2004 with the deployment of the PROGRESS HPC Portal [3], produced a set of grid-portal tools that were released under an open source license. These tools, advertised as the PROGRESS Package, allow to deploy a flexible grid access environment in various configurations ranging from a local area computing portal, through a campus solution to an inter-campus-wide system. In this paper we show how the results of the PROGRESS project may be used to deliver grid portal solutions and how they facilitate the construction, management and use of a grid portal. First, in section 2 we shortly review the novel architecture for a grid-portal environment that was designed by the project. Then, in section 3 we discuss the advantages that are brought by the approach that we assumed in PROGRESS. In section 4 we describe the reference installation of the PROGRESS Package and the type of grid applications enabled in this environment. We end with a short summary in section 5.


Background: Plasmodium vivax malaria accounts for approximately 88% of malaria cases in Iran. There is limited information on genetic diversity of P. vivax in the country and a need to develop and apply an effective vaccine against the disease is necessary. Among many potential candidates, MSP -3β gene is promising target. This study was designed and carried out to determine the variation of this gene as genetic marker in population of malarious areas of Iran. Methods: Blood sample of 85 P. vivax isolates from four southern and east-southern provinces of the country assessed for polymorphism of PvMSP-3β gene by PCR/RFLP method. Results: Based on the size of PCR product of the gene, 7 genetically different types of parasite has been distinguished. Two alleles were simultaneously visible in 19 % of the cases. Results from PCR/RFLP analysis of PvMSP-3β gene showed at least 15 allelic groups. Multiple infections have been found in 2.4 % of the cases. Conclusion: PvMSP-3β gene was highly diverse in P. vivax isolates of malarious areas of Iran, and can be a suitable marker for population genetic studies of P. vivax. More investigations on PvMSP-3β genes are needed to reveal genetic structure of P. vivax in Iran.


This paper proposes a Stator Voltage Orientation (SVO) based control strategy for DFIG based wind turbine to ensure the stability. This model does not consider DFIG flux and fast current control dynamics and hence it is simple. But, it considers the effects of operating points, grid intensities, and control loop. The proposed model is sufficient to examine the oscillation modes and to derive a control strategy that regulates the operating point of DFIG in the zone of stability. The proposed SVO based control strategy ensures a seamless and efficient control of active and reactive power and it is employed in the dc link voltage control system of the DFIG. The prescribed system is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are obtained. I.INTRODUCTION In standard motor operation, the stator flux rotation is quicker than the rotor rotation. This prompts the stator flux to induce rotor currents, which formulate a rotor flux with the magnetic polarity contrary to the stator. In this way, the rotor is kept along behind stator flux, with the currents in the rotor provoked at the slip frequency. Any multiphase electric machine can be reformed to a wound-rotor doubly fed electric motor or generator by replacing the rotor assembly to a multiphase wound rotor winding set. If the rotor winding set can transfer bidirectional active or working power to the electrical system, the translation result is a wound-rotor doubly fed electric motor or generator with immense speed and power grade than the primary singly fed electric machine. These benefits can be obtained without core saturation, all by electronically controlling total motor power for full variable speed control. An induction generator generates electrical power when its in synchronous speed. For a typical four-pole motor (two pairs of poles on stator) operating on a 60 Hz electrical grid, the synchronous speed is 1800 rotations per minute (rpm). The same four-pole motor operating on a 50 Hz grid will have a synchronous speed of 1500 RPM. The motor normally turns moderate than the synchronous speed; the difference between synchronous and operating speed is called "slip" and is customarily expressed as percent of the synchronous speed. For case, a motor operating at 1450 RPM that has a synchronous speed of 1500 RPM is operating at a slip of +3.3%. In generator operation, a prime mover (turbine or engine) urges the rotor beyond the synchronous speed (negative slip). The stator flux still induces currents in the rotor, but since the defending rotor flux is now cutting the stator coils, an active current is produced in stator coils and the motor presently operates as a generator, sending power behind to the electrical grid. The essential principle of induction generators is the conversion between mechanical energy to electrical energy. This necessitates an external torque applied to the rotor to turn it faster than the synchronous speed. However, indefinitely increasing torque doesn't lead to an indefinite increase in power generation. The rotating magnetic field torque worried from the armature works to counter the motion of the rotor and block over speed because of induced motion in the reverse direction. As the speed of the motor raises the counter torque attains a max value of torque (breakdown torque) that it can operate until before the operating situations become unstable. Ideally, induction generators operate properly in the stable region among the no-load condition and maximum torque region. The stability of DFIG under weak ac grid connection by neglecting flux as well as fast current control dynamics. The effects of Phase locked loop (PLL), rotor side converter (RSC), active power control (APC), reactive power control (RPC) are included. Stator voltage orientation (SVO) based vector control scheme is used in this paper. Eigen value comparison is utilized to ensure the performance of the machine. Two oscillation modes concerned in frequency scale for stability analysis. In (1) focused on Vector control and decoupling control strategies are focused in this paper. With the change in inductance value, active power control under transient state can be illustrated. Magnetizing current of the induction machine places a vital role on transient state. By varying the rotor speed kinetic energy may be absorbed or released from or to the grid respectively. In (2) discussed about low power wind turbine uses squirrel cage induction machine is directly connected to the grid. By adjusting the poles we can get variable speed operation. Vol. 5 Issue 03, March-2016 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 http://www.ijert.org


This article mainly introduced the cathode initial process of copper plating on the electroless copper base and the generation mechanism of the phenomena.


Lupus vulgaris is a postprimary, chronic form of cutaneous tuberculosis commonly seen over the extremities and gluteal region in Indian population. It is rarely seen over the ears. Lupus vulgaris occurring in the ear was described as "Turkey ear" in some articles. Lupus vulgaris occurring at the cartilaginous sites such as ears and nose lead to disfiguration. Early diagnosis of lupus vulgaris at these sites and initiation of antituberculous drugs will prevent the complications such as mutilation.


In this paper the author considered associative nilpotent algebras over an arbitrary field F, which are not a commutative, but every proper subalgebras and factors are commutative. Such algebras are called C-algebras (by the author). The author investigated the structure of C-algebras R, which satisfies the following conditions: 1) dim R 2/R 3 = 3; 2) there is exists an element a of algebra R such as a k+l  0 where (k+2) index of nilpotency of algebra R. In order to describe $C$-algebras the author used matrices  i,i = l,k, which constructed from coefficients of the main relations of this algebras: a kb=0, a k-1b b = a 1a k+1, a k-2b 3=a 2a k+1... ab k = a k-1a k+1, b k+1 = a ka k+1.


In 1990, while Vince Smith was working as a senior keeper at Chester Zoo, a newborn chimpanzee in his care was abandoned by her mother. Named Sophie, the baby chimp was taken home and hand-reared by Vince and his wife. Six months later another new baby arrived: Oliver, their son. Sophie's Story is an enthralling account of Sophie's life, taking readers on an emotional journey through her early years in the English countryside with Vince and his family; her traumatic removal from the family she adored into a captive zoo world; her repatriation to Africa and eventual reunion with her human foster family; and, finally, her integration into a semi-wild group of chimpanzees. Other accounts have been written about pet animals reared in people's homes, but this book is different: Sophie wasn't a pet. A highly personal narrative centred on a chimpanzee raised with human foster parents. Describing in detail the parallel upbringing of an infant chimp and a human child, it is an inspirational story that provides fascinating insights into the nature of our closest-living relatives - and indeed ourselves.


In patients who have typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation, the diagnosis is usually obvious [1]. A subset of patients, however, can present with atypical symptoms, including angina-like chest pain, cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and hoarseness, that hinder immediate diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. In addition to being a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic nausea can be a symptom of chronic peptic ulcer disease, gastroparesis, occult gastrointestinal cancer, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and increased intracranial pressure secondary to a tumor. Methods Patients We reviewed the charts of patients who had been referred to the gastroenterology division of the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center from September 1991 to August 1995 for evaluation of chronic idiopathic nausea. Three men and seven women (age range, 27 to 67 years) who had received a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease presented with chronic nausea. The average duration of nausea was 2.1 years (range, 3 months to 6 years). None of the 10 patients had responded to empirical medical therapies for chronic nausea. In some instances, the patients had not responded to more than one treatment regimen: Nine did not respond to standard histamine-2 (H2) blockers (400 mg of cimetidine, 150 mg of ranitidine, 20 mg of famotidine, or 150 mg of nizatidine twice daily); 6 did not respond to metoclopramide; 6 did not respond to antiemetic agents; 3 did not respond to cisapride; 2 did not respond to omeprazole (20 mg once daily); 1 did not respond to high-dose H2 blockers (300 mg of ranitidine twice daily); 1 did not respond to bethanechol; and 1 did not respond to sucralfate. Six of 10 patients had intermittent vomiting in addition to nausea. In most patients, the vomiting did not occur after meals. Each patient had episodes of nocturnal vomiting. Patients reported two to eight episodes of vomiting per week. One patient had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a comorbid condition that can contribute to nausea; however, this patient was subsequently found to have normal gastric emptying. After carefully reviewing the medications of all patients, we did not believe that any medication was causing the nausea. Dietary modifications had not been prescribed for any patient before our discovery of gastroesophageal reflux disease. One patient smoked cigarettes, and three infrequently drank alcoholic beverages. The referring physicians and investigators did not believe that any of the patients had neuropsychiatric conditions. Evaluation All patients had esophageal and gastric evaluations: Ten had esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 6 had 24-hour esophageal pH studies, and 1 had a Bernstein test for determination of acid perfusion. An ambulatory pH monitoring system (Synectics, Inc. Houston, Texas) with dual monocrystalline antimony pH catheters was used for the esophageal pH studies as described elsewhere [2]. Solid-phase gastric-emptying scans were done in eight patients, and electrogastrography was done in six patients as part of the evaluation. The solid-phase gastric-emptying scans were done by the nuclear medicine division as described elsewhere [3]. Electrogastrography measures gastric myoelectrical activity. Gastric dysrhythmias that alter upper gastrointestinal motility may elude diagnosis if tests other than electrogastrography are used. Electrogastrography has shown altered gastric myoelectrical activity in patients who have unexplained nausea and vomiting [4]. Electrogastrograms were recorded by using four standard silver-chloride electrodes positioned on the epigastrium as described elsewhere [5]. The electrodes were connected to a rectilinear recorder through a direct nystagmus coupler (Model 9859, Sensormedics, Inc., Anaheim, California), and a hard copy of the electrogastrographic signal was obtained. The signal was also analyzed by computer [5], and frequencies from 2.4 to 3.6 cycles per minute were considered normal [5]. Frequencies of 0 to 2.4 cycles per minute were considered to be bradygastric; frequencies of 3.6 to 9.9 cycles per minute were considered to be tachygastric. All patients had normal liver function test results; complete blood cell counts; and levels of amylase, lipase, electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine. Normal results on other studies are listed in Table 1. Table 1. Results of Gastrointestinal and Central Nervous System Studies in Patients with Nausea and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease* Results Either endoscopic studies or 24-hour esophageal pH studies showed gastroesophageal acid reflux in all 10 patients (Table 2). Esophagitis was documented in 5 of the 10 patients by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and was graded according to a published endoscopic grading system [6]. Three patients had grade 4 esophagitis (ulceration, diffuse erythema, mucosal friability), 1 patient had grade 3 esophagitis (erosions, diffuse erythema, mucosal friability), and 1 patient had grade 1 esophagitis (localized erythema of the gastroesophageal junction). Six patients had 24-hour esophageal pH studies, and each study showed abnormally increased acid reflux. During the 24-hour period, the esophageal pH was less than 4.0 between 9% to 75% of the time (average, 33%). The normal range in our laboratory is less than 6%. Diaries of symptoms indicated that 32 of 33 reported episodes of nausea correlated with episodes of acid reflux. One patient was believed to have gastroesophageal reflux disease on the basis of positive results on the Bernstein test. Table 2. Confirmation of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Intractable Nausea* Gastric emptying and gastric myoelectrical activity were found to be normal according to a solid-phase gastric-emptying test and electrogastrography (Table 1). After gastroesophageal reflux disease was shown to cause chronic nausea, treatment was directed toward reducing acid reflux. In 7 of the 10 patients, nausea was effectively treated with the following dosages of omeprazole: 20 mg twice daily (5 patients), 20 mg once daily (1 patient), and 40 mg twice daily (1 patient). Nausea was markedly reduced in 1 patient who received 300 mg of ranitidine twice daily and in 1 patient who received 10 mg of cisapride four times daily. Finally, 1 patient did not respond to 300 mg of ranitidine twice daily or to 60 mg of omeprazole once daily and thus had open Nissen fundoplication. Nausea resolved after the antireflux surgery. Time to resolution of nausea ranged from 1 to 16 weeks (mean, 7.3 weeks). All 10 patients were considered to have responded to these therapies for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Acid suppression was objectively measured in several patients. During treatment, three patients had follow-up studies to confirm effective acid suppression. Patients 2 and 7 (Table 2) initially had macroscopic esophagitis on esophagogastroduodenoscopy; repeated esophagogastroduodenoscopy confirmed that the esophagitis had healed. Patient 4, who initially had an esophageal pH less than 4.0 during 41% of the 24-hour esophageal pH study, had normal results on follow-up while receiving therapy (esophageal pH < 4.0 for 1.3% of the time). The total follow-up period ranged from 2 to 14 months (mean, 6.4 months), and all patients reported continued relief of nausea. Discussion Patients who present with atypical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease can present a diagnostic challenge [7-10]. After we extensively evaluated a group of patients with chronic intractable nausea, gastroesophageal reflux disease was the only abnormality we could find. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was diagnosed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a 24-hour esophageal pH study, and a Bernstein test. Our study is limited by the small number of patients, retrospective analysis, and short-term follow-up. However, gastroesophageal reflux disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic nausea, especially in troublesome cases in which gallbladder, pancreatic, neurologic, or peptic ulcer disease has been excluded. Because chronic nausea is not typically attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease, abnormal acid reflux was not considered in our patients before referral. Even when esophagitis was seen on endoscopy, the association with nausea was not appreciated and standard-dose H2-blocker therapy was frequently unhelpful. Gastroesophageal reflux disease cannot be excluded on the basis of normal endoscopic findings because endoscopy lacks sufficient sensitivity [11-13]. Endoscopic evidence of esophagitis is present in only 50% to 60% of symptomatic patients [14, 15]. If esophagitis is found on esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a course of high-dosage H2-blocker therapy (for example, 300 mg of ranitidine twice daily or 40 mg of famotidine twice daily) or a proton-pump inhibitor can be started. In patients who have chronic unexplained nausea and normal findings on esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a 24-hour esophageal pH study is recommended because it is the most sensitive test for diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease [16]. Because about 40% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease have gastroparesis, an assessment of gastric emptying may be helpful. Electrogastrography can have a role in evaluating a patient with chronic unexplained nausea because gastric dysrhythmias have been associated with nausea [4]. We found it unusual for a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease to respond to standard-dose H2 blockers. The one patient whose nausea was relieved by an H2 blocker needed high-dosage ranitidine (300 mg twice daily). We and other researchers [17, 18] have observed that a high level of acid suppression may be required to heal esophagitis in some patients. In our study, the most common dosage of omeprazole needed to relieve nausea was 20 mg twice daily. In conclusion, chronic nausea can be caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease. In patients with


It came at a time when psychoanalysis still made headlines; a lost manuscript of Freud had just been recovered. In The Observer 26 July 1987, the heading was Id and the Ice Age. It was the well-known Freud scholar Ilse Grubrich-Simitis who made the discovery. As she sifted through an undisturbed trunk of Ferenczi's papers, she came across a 12-page paper in Freud's handwriting. And this discovery was indeed an historical event. For as Ilse Grubrich-Simitis started to read it she realized that it must be one of Freud's lost papers on metapsychology. We can imagine how Freud would have reacted. For this event really is comparable to the excavation of an antique object; and as we may remember, Freud admitted to being envious of Schliemann and how he had brought the treasures of Troy into the open. On the other hand, this was after all not a manuscript Freud intended to publish. In his letter to Ferenczi of 28 July 1915, into which this manuscript was included, Freud wrote: "You can throw it away or keep it". The manuscript grew out of the close collaboration between the two, and to a large extent its major ideas bore the stamp of Ferenczi, as also comes forth in Freud's remark. In The New York Times 10 February 1987, the discovery was even rated front page news. Though the headline was less tabloid, Lost Paper Shows Freud's Effort to Link Analysis and Evolution, the event was more or less presented as "alarming news". For it was a "wildly speculative manuscript" that had been disclosed, and the reported reactions of several contemporary psychoanalysts bore witness to a widespread embarrassment. One way to fend it off was to question the overall role of metapsychology in Freud's oeuvre. The whole situation prompted the well-known psychoanalyst Robert Holt, also a professor in psychology, to sing out: "Metapsychology is a mess".


been sometimes called "the lost decade" for Japan's economy and society in general with some sense of selfscorn. It is not only because various macro economic performances such as GDP growth and unemployment rate were fairly bad, but also most of the policies adopted in the meantime to address the economic stagnation, including enormous financial injection to major banks and deployment of large-scale public works financed by issuing national bonds, did not bare the expected fruit. Therefore this buzzphrase, "the lost decade" also represents a loss of self-confidence among policy makers. In this decade of the1990's, what occurred in the field of social security? And how features that had characterized the Japan model of welfare state (henceforth, J model) were changed? In Japan, the comparative study of welfare states stimulated by influential analysis, for example EspingAndersen (1990), has progressed significantly. With such vigorous researches, the main features of the J model have been clarified: First, the J model can be classified as a sub-category of the conservative welfare state leaning toward the liberal regime or hybrid type of those two regimes. Second, the J model could be regarded as a workfare regime or an employment-centered welfare state (Uzuhashi, 1997b). This paper's main concern is to investigate theoretically how these aspects of the J model were changed or not in the shaking decade and to expose some lessons or implications for policy making in the future. This paper consists of two parts. In the first section, the comparative analysis of the Southern European model and J model is attempted which would expectedly facilitate many Westerners access to Oriental Japan. By examining similarities and differences between them, the following are clarified: Both models are characterized as family-centered regimes and the J model has been losing "the effect of backwardness" which it used to enjoy. In the second section, another feature of the J model, that is a kind of workfare or employment-centered regime, is analyzed and resulting from it the social security policy in "the lost decade" is critically examined.


A B STR A C T W eexam inethepossibility ofevolution with redshiftin them ean rest-fram e ultraviolet(UV; � . 4500�pectrum ofTypeIaSupernovae(SNeIa)sam pling the redshiftrange 0<z<1.3. W end new evidence fora decrease with redshift in the strength ofinterm ediate-m ass elem ent(IM E)features,particularly Si II and to a lesser extent Ca II 'H&K'and M g II blends, indicating lower IM E abundances in the higher redshift SNe. A larger fraction oflum inous,wider light-curvewidth (higher\stretch")SNeIa areexpected athigherredshiftthan locally,so we com pareourobserved spectralevolution with thatpredicted by a redshift-evolving stretch distribution (Howelletal.2007)coupled with astretch- dependent SN Ia spectrum . W e show that the sense ofthe spectralevolution can bereproduced by thissim plem odel,though thehighestredshifteventsseem additionally decientin Siand Ca.W ealso exam inethem ean SN IaUV-optical colorsasafunction ofredshift,thoughttobesensitivetovariationsin progenitor com position.W endthattheexpected stretch variationsaresucienttoexplain the dierences,although im proved data at z�0 willenable m ore precise tests. Thus,to theextentpossiblewith theavailabledatasets,ourresultssupportthe continued useofSNeIa asstandardized candles.


Rice straw cellulose available as waste biomass was graft copolymerized with acrylamide monomer by simultaneous gamma irradiation as initiator. The effects of bleaching of cellulose and irradiation dose were evaluated. Evidence of grafting is obtained from comparison of Fourier Transfer Infrared (FTIR) of the cellulose and grafted cellulose. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that crystallinity was reduced through graft copolymerization. Kinetic investigations of the graft copolymerization were also carried out, and the rate constant parameter (k p /k t 0.5 ) has been found to be 4.9922 l 0.5 . mol -0.5 .s -0.5 . The results show that for the same dose, grafting efficiency is higher with the bleached cellulose form than with the unbleached form. The grafting efficiency and the gel fraction increases with increasing total irradiation doses. At higher radiation doses crosslink density starts to increase considerably while swelling degree decreases with the increasing crosslink density. Received: 16 January 2013 Revised: 3 June 2013; Accepted: 21 June 2013


A new approach to fabricate a GaN light-emitting diode (LED), grown on an anodized aluminum oxide-nanoporous pattern sapphire substrate (AAO-NPSS), is studied. An AAO film is used as a dry etching mask to transfer nanoporous patterns on the sapphire substrate. Because of the use of AAO-NPSS, threading dislocations could be reduced and air voids would be formed to reflect downward photons toward top direction. As compared with a conventional LED, at 20 mA, the AAO-NPSS-based device exhibits 52.8% enhancements of light output power. The reduced leakage current and lower turn-on voltage are also achieved. Therefore, the use of AAO-NPSS structure could effectively improve the crystalline quality and light extraction efficiency, which certainly leads to the enhanced performance of GaN LEDs.


Density functional theory calculations of structural, electronic and optical properties of ZnO nanowires were performed. It was established that the band gap of ZnO nanowires increases with decreasing nanowire size. The calculated dielectric functions of ZnO nanowires show a significant blue-shift compared with that of bulk ZnO. Our results provide some information for real understanding of the optical properties of ZnO and also enable more precise monitoring and controlling during the growth of ZnO materials. Moreover, the theoretical calculations of adsorption of different gas molecules on the surface of ZnO nanowires were carried out. In order to define the donor or acceptor character of molecular adsorption, the degree of charge transfer to nanowires was determined.


The paper examines mobile context-aware contentcentric workflows. With the proliferation of mobile devices, distributed collaborative teams can communicate, share content and remain productive while working out of the office. The collaboration process can be enhanced, more dynamic and efficient by using a workflow management technology that responds to collaborators' requirements, supports coordination of a teamwork and is adapted for context-aware content manipulation. This paper discusses context awareness and proposes to extend the existing collaborative workflow approach by a context-aware content lifecycle in order to make workflow processes more adaptive to collaboration needs.


This paper presents the results of abutment scour using lightweight bed materials (specific gravity 1.05). The near-bed flow structures around the abutment edge with scour hole were investigated. Generally, the flow around the toe of abutment edge consists of an upward helical flow which is the result of the combined vortices caused by the stream flow passing the abutment edge and the vertically rotating vortices due to the downflows. Along the edge of the abutment, the vortices become stronger with depth. Logically, the strength of vortices is zero at or near the bed. Thus, the strength of the vortices will attain a maxima at a certain small distance above the bed. The characteristics of sediment deposition downstream of the abutment are also discussed in this paper. Based on dimensional analysis, a new model of the equilibrium clear water scour depth at the abutment is presented. The model indicates that the sediment density and densimetric Froude number are the two most important governing parameters in abutment scour. Experimental data of maximum clear water scour depth collected from the present study and other sources were analyzed and compared with the proposed model. Good agreement between the computed and measured maximum equilibrium scour depths was obtained.


English-learning infants first show some capacity for segmenting words from fluent speech at about 7.5 months of age. Further studies that we have conducted suggest that English-learning infants initially rely on a prosodically based strategy which may cause them to mis-segment words beginning with weak syllables. However, by 10.5 months, English-learners appear to draw on other potential sources of information to locate word boundaries, even for words beginning with weak syllables. Our studies suggest that infants do retain information about the sound patterns of words for up to 24 hours, and that they generalize across different talkers' pronunciations of the same words.


Objective To study the significanc of CT grading and clinic grading in different stage of HIE,searching for a suitable CT examing time and evaluating the value of helical CT for the diagnosis and follow-up of HIE.Methods 97 cases with HIE were enrolled.The correlation of CT grading and clinic grading in different stage of age 1 h-3 d and 4-7 d were reviewed.Some of them were followed-up in one month,three month and 6 to 24 month.Rusults There was significant correlation of CT grading and clinic grading in age 4-7 days.CT change was correlated to the prognosis in age one month.The CT of severe HIE manifested as encephalomalacia and porencephaly and diffuse atrophy.Conclusion Age 4-7 days in new born is a suitable CT examing time of neonate HIE.Age one month in new born is valuable for the prognosis,which could be one of the important basises of the prognosis of HIE.Patients with encephalomalacia,porencephaly and diffuse atrophy may have poor prognosis.


The current paper investigates the impact of sovereign ratings on sudden stops of capital in the context of the Eurozone. Our analysis focuses on the qualitative aspect of ratings on the hypothesis that such aspect has a concrete impact on capital movements. A panel probit model is utilized for our purposes. We distinguish between net and gross capital inflows, while we also draw a distinction between long-term and short-term oriented capital. Our results confirm the influence of sovereign ratings for the majority of our model specifications. They also appear to be most significant in the case of short-term flows.


Using parameters of Nd∶glass and Ti∶sapphire, simulation to nonlinear SchrAo¨Gdinger equation about chirped pulse propagation was demonstrated by split step Fourier method, the effect of self phase modulation, gain narrowing and gain saturation to amplified chirped pulses was discussed, and distorted intensity profiles of amplified pulses were also demonstrated here. Putting emphasis on the effect of self phase modulation and inter relationship between self phase and other two nonlinear effects, the analysis presented here is valid for high power laser amplifier designing.


An isomorphism between the group ring of a finite group and a ring of certain block diagonal matrices is established. The group ring $RG$ of a finite group $G$ is isomorphic to the set of {\em group ring matrices} over $R$. It is shown that for any group ring matrix $A$ of $\mathbb{C} G$ there exists a matrix $P$ (independent of the entries of $A$) such that $P^{-1}AP= \text{diag}(T_1,T_2,\ldots, T_r)$ for block matrices $T_i$ of fixed size $s_i\times s_i$ where $r$ is the number of conjugacy classes of $G$ and $s_i$ are the ranks of the group ring matrices of the primitive idempotents. Using the isomorphism of the group ring to the ring of group ring matrices followed by the mapping $A\mapsto P^{-1}AP$ (where $P$ is of course fixed) gives an isomorphism from the group ring to the ring of such block matrices. Specialising to the group elements gives a faithful representation of the group. Other representations of $G$ may be derived using the blocks in the images of the group elements.
Examples are given demonstrating how interesting and useful representations of groups can be derived using the method.
For a finite abelian group $Q$ an explicit matrix $P$ is given which diagonalises any group ring matrix of $\mathbb{C} Q$. The matrix $P$ is defined directly in terms of roots of unity depending only on an expression for $Q$ as a product of cyclic groups. The characters and character table of $Q$ may be read off directly from the rows of the diagonalising matrix $P$. This has applications to signal processing and generalises the cyclic case.


A multiphoton density-matrix approach explores the effects of ultrafast shaped pulses for two-level systems that do not have a single photon resonance, and show that many multiphoton results are surprisingly similar to the single-photon results. These conditions thus allow extending the single-photon coherent control ideas to develop multiphoton coherent control.


This article describes how because of the rapid expansion of digital and online 'bizscapes,' and 'bizapps' resulting in small and medium-scale agribusinesses adopting and using online entrepreneurial technology innovations, information and communication technology has great potential to enhance the performance and efficiency of agribusinesses. The urge to understand factors that affect information technology innovations adoption and use by small and medium agribusinesses prompted this study, which involves the designing of a modified research model based on UTAUT perspective to determine the influence of cognitive, management characteristics and organizational structure factors on technology adoption. Factor analysis yielded a fit structural model, which was used to test the hypotheses. The article found performance expectancy, SMEs management creativity and innovativeness and SMEs organizational size significantly influence technology innovations use. This paper concludes that performance expectancy, management characteristics and organizational size affect technology adoption among agribusinesses critically.


Akan toponyms call into question several previously held generalizations made by linguists about vowel harmony and tone. Thus, because most toponyms were 'historically' phrases or even clauses but have become single words or are on the way to becoming single words, their phonological behavior regarding vowel harmony and tone may hold on to their original phrasal and clausal traces. Toponyms that are not completely lexicalized exhibit phonological behavior of phrases or sentences and may therefore be seen as exceptions to the Akan vowel harmony and tonal assimilation processes. However, completely lexicalized toponyms follow the vowel harmony process in Akan by which all the vowels in a word are either RTR or ATR and that ATR vowels can assimilate preceding RTR vowels into ATR. Also, with completely lexicalized toponyms, the vowel harmony process of raising can go beyond one syllable. Although only the ATR vowel harmony value is synchronically active today, there is evidence to show that RTR vowel harmony value was active some time ago. Thus, contrary to the assertion that RTR vowels are unable to lower ATR vowels to RTR, there is evidence to suggest that RTR vowels may be able to lower ATR vowels to RTR. The low ATR vowel, /ae/, can raise a RTR vowel to ATR. Concerning tone, a floating low tone may or may not cause a downstepping of a following high tone. A low tone associated with the initial vowel of the second element of a compound toponym may be changed to a high


Objective:To examine the relation between resting ankle-brachial pressure index(ABI) and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis.Methods: Since January 2008 to June 2008,111 consecutive patients underwent coronary angiography,they age were 56±7.8;among they 79 were male.Significant coronary artery disease was diagnosed in 81 patients by ≥50% diameter reduction of the luminal diameter of≥1 coronary artery,30 patients coronary artery was normal.All patients were evaluated in the supine position,Systolic blood pressure was measured in arms posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis artery,the resting ABI was determined for each leg by dividing the systolic blood pressure at the ankle by the brachial pressure,ABI≥1 was normal.All patients underwent catheterization using standard Judkins techniques.Gensini score was calculated to give a measure of the extent and severity of coronary atherosclerosis.Results: Among the group with 0-vessel disease(30 cases) Gensini score was 0.43±10.85 and ABI was 1.14±0.21;among the 1-vessel disease group(33 cases)Gensini score was 13.54±9.96 and ABI was 0.95±0.25;among the group with 2-vessel disease(30cases) Gensini score was 24.26±11.26 and ABI was 0.96±0.29;among the group with 3-vessel disease(18 cases) Gensini score was 39.55±12.36 and ABI was 0.68±0.35.Between the group with 0-vessel disease and the group with 1-vessel to 3-vessl disease,ABI had statistically significant(p0.001),betweee group with 1-vessel、2-vessal disease and 3-vessel disease,ABI had statistically significant(p0.001),the seriours the coronary atherosclerosis disease,the lower of ABI.The correlate index of Gensini score and ABI was-0.536(p0.0001),the higher of Gensini score the lower of ABI,they had a negative correlate relationship.In multiple Logistic regression analysis,diabetes and blood glucose increase were predict facts of ABI0.9.Conclusion: In conclusion,ABI should be a simple index related to the extent of atherosclerosis in coronary arterial beds,reflecting generalized atherosclerosis.


A number of teams are pursuing research in the field of adaptive visualization. This paper provides a solution for offering students personalized guidance, through the Variable Scope Explanatory Visualization system, VARScope. The paper explains how the provision of an adaptive panel with annotated links in the form of visual cues can be used to suggest examples matching the student's current knowledge of variable scope. The logic behind the decision to suggest appropriate and inappropriate examples is also explained, and an evaluation of the system is included. In short, the paper offers a good demonstration of how a system can be personalized with relative ease, using an existing student model server.


The intelligence units is the challenge of minimizing the digital divide that has been subject to the developing countries through the recovery of digital content on the Web, it is necessary for linking technological tools that facilitate the administration and recovery of these contents in a manner accessible to all communities. Therefore it is imperative the provision of free software that permits the realization of these tasks focused on the preservation and disposal of knowledge in a civilization. It comes then, as an option to this problem the indexing system Swish-E as an alternative search and retrieval of full content, it is an approximation to the experiment conducted by the Official Gazette of the State of Spain with the software Simple Web Indexing System for - Enhanced Humans, showing its most important characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and is intended to motivate its use as a key tool in the management of digital content.


The electrical transport properties of individual disordered multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), synthesized with the floating catalyst method, have been investigated. The resistivity of such disordered MWCNTs shows T1∕2 dependence over a temperature range of 4.2–263K. The experimental finding can be interpreted in terms of Al'tshuler-Aronov model [Solid State Commun. 30, 115 (1979); Sov. Phys. JETP 50, 968 (1979); Pis'ma. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 27, 700 (1978)], in which strong electron-electron interaction leads to a Coulomb gap in the density of electronic states at the Fermi level. Such a wide fitting range of temperature for T1∕2 dependence has never been reported for other materials, implying an extremely short carrier scattering time of the order of femtoseconds.


The differential equations governing free vibrations of the elastic arches with unsymmetric axis are derived in Cartesian coordinates rather than in polar coordinates. in which the effect of rotatory inertia is included. Frequencies and mode shapes are computed numerically for parabolic arches with both clamped ends and both hinged ends. Comparisons of natural frequencies between this study and SAP 2000 are made to validate theories and numerical methods developed herein. The convergent efficiency is highly improved under the newly derived differential equations in Cartesian coordinates. The lowest four natural frequency parameters are reported, with and without the rotatory inertia, as functions of three non-dimensional system parameters the rise to chord length ratio. the span length to chord length ratio, and the slenderness ratio. Also typical mode shapes of vibrating arches are presented.


The present work deals with the simulation investigation of chip formation in ultrasonically assisted grinding (UAG) of SiC ceramics with single diamond abrasive grain in order to reveal the material removal mechanism in UAG of SiC materials. In simulation, smooth particle hydrodynamic (SPH)method coupling FEM modeling is employed to overcome the large material distortions that occur in the simulation analysis of single point cutting process when only the finite element method (FEM) is used. The abrasive-grain is modeled with finite element while the target workpiece is modeled by SPH particles. The simulation results revealed that normal and tangential forces in UAG are smaller compared to those in conventional grinding (CG) without ultrasonic vibration. The scratch profiles shows that the cutting path appears to be sinusoidal when ultrasonic vibration is introduced in grinding process, which leads to a higher material removal rate than that without ultrasonic vibration.


This paper presents an E-band bidirectional power amplifier and low-noise amplifier (PALNA) in a 0.13 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology. In the transmit mode, the LNA is isolated through the impedance matching network with enabler setting. In the receive mode, the input of the PA is isolated by matching network with enabler setting while the output of the PA is isolated by a differential switch to have minimal effect on the noise figure (NF) and input matching of the LNA. The measured PALNA achieves a peak gain of 24.3 dB at 72 GHz with a 3 dB bandwidth from 64 GHz to 85 GHz in the receive mode. The measured NF is 5.8 dB at 74 GHz. In the transmit mode, the differential PA results in 19.5 dB peak gain at 76 GHz and +9.2 dBm of saturated power at 74 GHz. The overall chip size is 1.25 mm2. The PALNA consumes a DC power of 19 mW and 131 mW in the receive and transmit mode, respectively. The designed bidirectional PALNA is suitable for a half-duplex system with shared Tx/Rx antenna.


I recently saw Shadaj Laddad's talk at this year's OSCON, entitled "The Wonders of Programming". If you haven't had the pleasure, Shadaj is a 14-year-old programmer who (among many other things) wrote a bioinformatics Scala library. In the talk, he describes how he was encouraged to program computers from the age of six, and he gives helpful tips to parents and other children who are interested in pursuing computer programming.

It probably doesn't surprise any of us that Shadaj credits Lego Mindstorms as having an early.


ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the perception of health-care personnel regarding the concept of integration in nursing, to assess the attitude of health-care personnel toward the concept of integration in nursing, and to determine the association of perception and attitude toward the concept of integration in nursing with selected socio-demographic variables. Methods: Research approach adopted was descriptive survey approach. Population were 159 health-care personnel's working at various hospitals and institutions in Maharashtra. Purposive sampling technique was used. Data were collected using structured rating scale, which consisted of 3 sections. Section 1 comprising demographic data, Sections 2 and 3 consisted 10 questions to assess the perception and attitude of health-care personnel. Tool was developed pretesting and reliability of the rating scale was done. Results: Findings of the study showed that majority 118 (74.21%) of respondents had low perception, 41 (25.78%) had medium perception, and none of respondents had high perception regarding the concept of integration. Classification of respondents based on the levels of attitude, the 79 (49.68%) had unfavorable attitude, 75 (47.16%) had moderately favorable attitude, and 5 (3.14%) had favorable attitude. Conclusions: As the result shows that there is medium to low level of perception between the health-care personnel regarding the concept of integration and the attitude is also unfavorable, there is need to find out the barriers of integration in nursing profession. Keywords : Perception, Attitude, Integration, Health-care personnel.


The three-dimensional representations (orographs) of the total chromomagneto-electric self-energy W(M, V) and of the chromomagnetic self-energy U(M) of a qq system model are explored as functions of the chromomagnetization density M, the chromo-electric potential V and the temperature T with the purpose of achieving a deeper understanding of the mathematical features of W(M, V) and U(M) and of some aspects of the physical content concealed into the V qq (r) potential, deduced in a preceding note


Rationale and Objectives:The objective of this study was to compare, in a rabbit experimental model that mimics a magnetic resonance (MR) angiographic protocol, the efficiency of the following types of compound on the MR signal: (1) a nonalbumin-bound blood pool contrast agent: P792; (2) a weak albumin-bound extracellular contrast agent: Gd-BOPTA; and (3) a strong albumin-bound blood pool contrast agent: MS325. Methods:The 2 main phases of early distribution after contrast agent injection, ie, the bolus phase (0–15 seconds postinjection) and the postbolus phase (1–5 minutes postinjection) were investigated by measuring Gd blood concentrations in the first 5 minutes postinjection. In the case of MS325 and Gd-BOPTA, the percentage of the free and bound forms were calculated throughout the pharmacokinetic profile. The dynamic relaxivity at 60 MHz in plasma of each contrast agent was determined in the 2 phases after contrast agent injection, ie, the bolus phase and the postbolus phase. Results:Injected under similar conditions, the 3 contrast agents had a comparable profile during the bolus phase (0–15 seconds postinjection). At 1 minute postinjection, only 38% of Gd-BOPTA remained in the blood, whereas 85% of P792 was still present in the blood. MS-325 had an intermediate position with 61% remaining in the blood. During the postbolus phase, the various compounds demonstrated similar behavior: the plasma concentration of P792 was higher than that of MS325 and Gd-BOPTA, ie, Ci/C0 (P792) > Ci/C0 (MS325) > Ci/C0 (Gd-BOPTA). At the peak of the bolus, 75% of MS325 and 93% of Gd-BOPTA was present in free form. This proportion decreased progressively during the postbolus phase, because 5 minutes postinjection, 23% of the free form remained for MS325 and 82% for Gd BOPTA. A significant decrease in dynamic r1 relaxivity was observed at 60 MHz for the products that bind to albumin (Gd-BOPTA and MS325) during the bolus phase. The dynamic relaxivity for MS325 at the bolus phase was 8.6 mM−1s−1 and 5.2 mM−1s−1 for Gd-BOPTA. At the postbolus phase, the dynamic relaxivity increased (17.3 mM−1s−1 for MS325 and 6.7 mM−1s−1 for Gd-BOPTA). The dynamic relaxivity of P792, which does not bind to albumin, was constantly equal to 26 mM−1s−1 at each time point of the pharmacokinetic profile (bolus and postbolus phase). Conclusions:The physicochemical measurements of relaxivity in plasma are made in vitro at a fixed concentration of gadolinium and the value of relaxivity is not necessarily an accurate reflection of the efficiency of the contrast agent in vivo, especially for contrast agents that bind to albumin. Indeed, in vivo, the proportion of free and bound forms of albumin-binding contrast agents varies according to the pharmacokinetic profile, and the relaxivities of albumin-bound and free contrast agents are different. Consequently, the concept of dynamic relaxivity was introduced to compare the efficiency of MS325, Gd-BOPTA, and P792 in vivo. The variation of the dynamic relaxivity of MS325 and Gd-BOPTA between the bolus and postbolus phase is significant (101% for MS325 and 29% for Gd-BOPTA) as a result of the variation in the quantity of bound and free forms during the pharmacokinetic profile. The blood pool agent P792 has different properties, which result from its intravascular retention and its lack of albumin binding. Indeed, contrary to Gd-BOPTA and MS325, the dynamic relaxivity of P792 is higher at the bolus phase (26 mM−1s−1) and does not vary during the pharmacokinetic profile. The impact of these different dynamic relaxivities should be integrated in the analysis of the performance of the different classes of contrast agents in clinical MRA protocols.


• Strongly Meager Sets Do Not Form an Ideal (T Bartoszynski & S Shelah) • Squares, Scales and Stationary Reflection (J Cummings et al.) • The Indiscernible Topology: A Mock Zariski Topology (M Junker & D Lascar) • Hyperdefinable Groups in Simple Theories (F Wagner) • Canonical Behavior of Borel Functions on Superperfect Rectangles (O Spinas) • Solutions to Congruences Using Sets with the Property of Baire (R Dougherty) • Open Sets Satisfying Systems of Congruences (Ft Dougherty) • Galois Groups of First Order Theories (E Casanovas et al.) • Countable Borel Equivalence Relations (S Jackson et al.) • Nowhere Precipitousness of the Non-Stationary Ideal over P (Y Matsubara & S Shelah) • An Ordinal Analysis of Admissible Set Theory Using Recursion on Ordinal Notations (JAvigad) • Knight's Model, Its Automorphism Group, and Characterizing the Uncountable Cardinals (G Hjorth)


The paper presents dead load analysis of Suspension Bridge and Cable-Stayed Bridge by keeping the parameters such as Main Span, Side Span, Pylon Height, Bridge deck and material properties same. By analysis the optimum sag for suspension bridge at which minimum value of deflection is obtained. Then Suspension bridge is modeled with the optimum sag value and the diameters of main cables are changed and resulted deflection of bridge deck is noted. The diameter for which minimum value of deck deflection is obtained gives the optimum value. The quantity of steel for the resulted optimum sag and optimum diameter is noted. Similar process of changing diameter of cable of Cable-Stayed Bridge is done and optimum diameter is noted. The bridges are modeled in CSI-Bridge Software. The result shows that cable stayed bridge of same length when compared to Suspension bridge uses less steel and also resulting deflection is less.


By using purely analytical techniques, we establish a harmonic mean inequality for the classical exponential integral function. AMS Subject Classification: 26D07, 26D20, 33Bxx


. The ingestion of carnivores and omnivores was determined during the investigation of higher trophic levels in a North Adriatic benthic community. The ingestion rate was calculated from respiration data using a respiration-production equation and an assumed assimilation efficiency. In the case of the starfish Astropecten aranciacus the ingestion rate obtained by this indirect method was in good agreement with the ingestion rate calculated directly from gut contents, taking the retaining period of food items in the gut into consideration. These results are compared to previously published ingestion rates. The influence of A aranciacus on the community is briefly discussed.


The present invention relates to a method for determining operational status of a chromatography column (1; 39, 47, 59; 107, 109, 111, 113), comprising detecting a feed signal (21; 201) representative of the composition of a feed material provided to the inlet of the column; detecting the UV absorbance in the feed material, detecting an effluent signal (23; 203, 205, 207, 209) representative of the composition of the effluent from the column; and using the feed signal and the effluent signal to determine operational status of the column. The feed signal is generated using a first UV detector having a first UV cell pathlength operating at a first UV wavelength and the effluent signal is generated using a second UV detector having a second UV cell pathlength operating at a second UV wavelength. The method further comprising determining a first threshold value based on the detected UV absorbance in the feed material, and selecting the first UV cell pathlength and/or first UV wavelength based on the first threshold value.


Objective To understand the assessment on nonverbal communication patterns for inpatients of chirurgery,which provides basis for clinical nursing.Methods 100 inpatients of chirurgery from Nanjing Gulou hospital participated were surveyed with a questionnaire on all kinds of nonverbal communication patterns.Results More than 60% of inpatients identifyed body language communication and hoped nurses communicate with good shape and mental status.Suitable space keeping,good physical environment in wards and good circumstances of analog language were expected by most of inpatients.Otherwise,part of inpatients had different views about communication of touch.Conclusion Communication between nurses and patients should be conducted with suitable nonverbal communication patterns.Since a few of inpatients still lack perception of nonverbal communication,reasonable nonverbal communication should be adopted to accept it.


Manual of Cardiac Arrhythmias is one of a series of clinically oriented manuals on cardiovascular disease, electrocardiography, and arrhythmias authored by E. K. Chung. The text, like its predecessors, is understandably written for and primarily directed to the primary care physician. It is not intended to be, nor should it be regarded as, an exhaustive treatise of arrhythmias. "The contents," according to the author, "are intended to be clinical, concise, and practical, so that this manual will provide all readers with up-to-date materials that will assist them directly in the daily care of patients with common cardiac arrhythmias." Dr Chung neatly organizes a concise discussion of a broad variety of cardiac arrhythmias, ranging from typical supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias to more unusual rhythm disturbances such as aberrant atrial conduction, atrial dissociation, and rhythms observed following cardiac transplantation. Rhythms are individually defined, well exemplified by a variety of figures and illustrations,


The purpose of this study is to investigate sound insulation of building element with aperture. The conditions of aperture for measurement were installed in 10 cases of slit width and in 13 cases of slit thickness. To measure the sound insulation, lightweight panel with aperture was installed between two acoustics chambers. In addition, the measured sound reduction indexes for each condition of aperture were compared with the predicted sound reduction indexes by Gomperts theory. The results showed that the sound reduction index of building elemnet with aperture decreased rapidly even though aperture was very small. And the measured single number quantities were in good agreement with the predicted values by Gomperts theory within 2.


The notions of some theorems on soft rough minimal open set, soft rough maximal open set and also soft rough minimal irresolute and soft rough maximal irresolute are introduced and studied. We also investigate some related properties of these concepts.


The 5th Generation (5G) mobile system is envisioned to become more complicated and heterogeneous to meet the radical Key Performance Indicators specified in ITU-R IMT-2020. It imposes a great challenge on today's manual and semi-automated network management in 3G/4G systems. Taking advantage of cutting-edge technologies in the area of Artificial Intelligence and Self-Organized Network (SON), the concept of intelligent network management provides an effective solution and therefore attracts the attention of 5G research community. In this paper, a SON decision-making framework is proposed to provide a possible method to realize intelligent management for the upcoming 5G networks. Two complementary decision-making approaches, namely Rule-based and Machine Learning-based intelligence, their interactions, and lifecycle management of intelligence slices are presented. Moreover, the setup of a wireless network test-bed, as well as some experimental results to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework, are illustrated.


Tubular carcinoma represents a rare, well‐differentiated type of breast malignancy, characterized by relatively unaggressive clinical behavior. Cytologic diagnosis of this subgroup of tumors is considered difficult as cell population usually presents in tightly cohesive clusters and shows minimal atypia. Cytomorphologic features of 15 examples of histologically proven pure tubular carcinomas of the breast are herein reported. If a constellation of morphologic criteria is critically evaluated, tubular carcinoma may be diagnosed on cytologic specimens.


The effect of impurities on the isotope coefficient is studied theoretically in the framework of Abrikosov-Gor'kov approach generalized to account for both potential and spin-flip scattering in anisotropic superconductors. An expression for the isotope coefficient as a function of the critical temperature is obtained for a superconductor with an arbitrary contribution of spin-flip processes to the total scattering rate and an arbitrary degree of anisotropy of the superconducting order parameter, ranging from isotropic s wave to d wave and including anisotropic s wave and mixed ( s + d ) wave as particular cases. It is found that both magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities enhance the isotope coefficient, the enhancement due to magnetic impurities being generally greater than that due to nonmagnetic impurities. From the analysis of the experimental results on LSCO high temperature superconductor, it is concluded that the symmetry of the pairing state in this system differs from a pure d wave. The isotope effect has played an important role in the development of phonon mediated mechanism of electron pairing in superconductors. Its discovery gave rise to the theory of phonon mediated mechanism of electron pairing by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer The BCS theory gave the isotope coefficient α , defined by the relation T c ∝ M − α , or equivalently,


The new European standard family of CEN TC 350, still in progress, is supposed to be as guidelines of the performance oriented building assessment. The perspective suggested by the standard family is multidisciplinary. The future developments are expected to go more and more into the direction of the integration of the three major components in the life cycle: environmental, social, economic. This is a sufficient ground to start managing any case of construction works as an interdisciplinary project, thinking and planning any action as the integration of a certain number of actions, with a multiscale and multilevel approach. The paper reports on the research focused on the development of inductive, logical / operational guidelines, aimed at optimizing the sustainable management of construction works. The identification of a multiscale and multilevel strategy aiming at supporting the decisionmaking process, applied to the "Leonardo da Vinci Sustainable Campus" project in Milan, with respect to the energy, environmental, social and economic performances, is focused on key objectives / criteria / indicators. The holistic approach and the involvement of the stakeholders in the method, supported by multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) models and methods, aims at giving transparent and shared answer to the search of the best technical solutions and strategies in a large sustainable


-Data, working knowledge (OT), and an extensive range of other practices, tools, and concepts are all comprised under the canopy term of cybersecurity. The aggressive use of info skill to bout opponents is a characteristic eye of cyberse-curity. Clienteles and security doctors are misinformed and the significant changes between these sentences are hidden by the use of the term "cybersecurity" as a key challenge and a substitute for info security or IT security. The period "cybersecurity" should only be used to mention to security practices related to self-justifying actions involving or relying on info skill and/or working knowledge surroundings and schemes, according to the orientation of security leaders. In this paper, we define "cyberse-curity" and thoughtful how info security, working skill security (OTS), IT security, and other related punishments and practices, such as cyber protection, are connected to each additional and how they are practically in agreement with the nationwide cybersecurity plan, whether it be present or deliberate.


In My Life in Art, Stanislavsky wrote that the Meiningens created a new and very important period in his theatrical development.[2] He thanked the Meiningens for giving him the directorial lessons, such as the historically accurate atmosphere, the scenes with the crowd, and the severe discipline that Chronegk imposed on the company. After thanking them, Stanislavsky as if closed the page, removing any sense of continuity of their influence upon his life and creativity. Meiningen-ism was a period, with clearly marked borders. Partially, as it follows from Stanislavsky, the reason was that they did not have good actors, and thus they could not leave a long and meaningful trace in the Russian cultural memory.


Background: Peer education is a much-used approach to health education with young people and marginalised groups. Rarely, however, has the concept been interrogated for its meaning and usefulness, despite pleas for the importance of doing so going back several decades. Objectives: Against this background, this paper offers a specifically educational analysis and critique of existing conceptualisations and descriptions of peer education. Design: The paper responds to the challenge of opening up the 'black box' of peer education with respect to teaching and learning, using the pedagogical frameworks offered by Basil Bernstein, critical pedagogy, feminist post-structuralism and Robin Alexander. Results and Conclusion: Findings point to the value of theories of pedagogy as conceptual and analytic lenses through which to interrogate what peer education is (and might be) and to better account for the uneven effectiveness of the approach.


During the 19th century, Malthus's theory was supported by various sectors of Spanish society, such as the Church and the Bourgeoisie, because this was how they justified the social inequalities of the proletariat. However, starting in the 20th century, Spanish anarchists tried to remedy the population problem through a new Malthusianism that offered other preventive remedies to the working class, such as conscious motherhood classes. Added to the need to reduce the number of births was interest in quality of life. In this study, the theories of Birth Control and Neo-Malthusianism are examined in order to verify the influence they exerted on Spanish anarchism through the historical-educational method. Likewise, a historical review is made by the acratic press of the first decades of the 20th century to publicize the awareness campaigns that were directed towards women in order to achieve women's liberation through the Belly strike and eugenic discourse, and the slogans of a conscious motherhood are analyzed, which were published, especially, in the journal Free Women. Anarchist women wrote 10 articles out of a total of 305 texts related to conscious motherhood and health problems, knowledge that was very necessary at the time to prevent diseases and reduce infant mortality, but they were not as successful as a sexual reform project.


The main objective of this work was to gain a better understanding of how some strains of Erwinia herbicola have evolved into serious plant pathogens while also commonly existing as epiphytes on the surface of healthy plants. The focus of our studies was to determine the nature of, and regulation, of virulence factors, including the phytohormones IAA and cytokinins, which are encoded on a large plasmid (pPATH) found in gall-forming strains of this species. In addition, the in situ regulation and contribution to epiphytic fitness of a second, chromosomal, IAA biosynthetic locus (ipdC) was determined to ascertain the relative contribution of the two redundant IAA-biosynthetic pathways to the biology of E. herbicola. Genes (pre-etz and etz) conferring production of cytokinins were clustered immediately 3' of the iaaM and iaaH genes conferring IAA boisynthesis on pPATH. A new insertion-like element, IS1327, was also found immediately 3' of etz on pPATH, suggesting that these virulence factors were all introduced onto pPATH from another pathogenic bacterium. Mutants of E. herbicola in which etz, iaaH, and iaaM, but not ipdC, were disrupted caused smaller galls to form on gypsophila plants. In contrast, ipdC but not iaaH or iaaM mutants of E. herbicola exhibited reduced ability to grow and survive on plant surfaces. Transcription of ipdC was induced when cells were on plants compared to in culture, suggesting that idpC may play a selective role in fitness on leaves.


Equilibrium, stability, and confinement properties of compact toroids produced in field‐reversed theta‐pinch experiments (FRX) are reported. Two experimental facilities, FRX‐A and FRX‐B, have been used to study highly elongated compact toroid plasmas confined in a purely poloidal field geometry. Spatial scans and fill pressure scaling of the equilibrium plasma parameters are presented. Plasma conditions range from Te∼150 eV, Ti∼800 eV, nm∼1×1015 cm−3 to Te∼100 eV, Ti∼150 eV, nm∼4×1015 cm−3. Typical confined plasma dimensions are: major radius R∼4 cm, minor radius a∼2 cm, and total length 35–50 cm. The plasma configuration remains in a stable equilibrium for up to 50 μsec followed by the destructive n = 2 rotational instability. The stable period prior to the onset of the rotational mode is up to one hundred times greater than characteristic Alfven transit times of the plasma. This stable period increases and the mode growth rate decreases with increased a/ρi (where ρi is the ion gyroradius). Agreement of ...


Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomato causing substantial economic losses in Israel, the U.S.A. and worldwide. The molecular strategies that allow Cmm, a Gram-positive bacterium, to develop a successful infection in tomato plants are largely unknown. The goal of the project was to elucidate the molecular interactions between Cmmand tomato. The first objective was to analyze gene expression profiles of susceptible tomato plants infected with pathogenic and endophytic Cmmstrains. Microarray analysis identified 122 genes that were differentially expressed during early stages of infection. Cmm activated typical basal defense responses in the host including induction of defense-related genes, production of scavenging of free oxygen radicals, enhanced protein turnover and hormone synthesis. Proteomic investigation of the Cmm-tomato interaction was performed with Multi-Dimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) and mass spectroscopy. A wide range of enzymes secreted by Cmm382, including cell-wall degrading enzymes and a large group of serine proteases from different families were identified in the xylem sap of infected tomato. Based on proteomic results, the expression pattern of selected bacterial virulence genes and plant defense genes were examined by qRT-PCR. Expression of the plasmid-borne cellulase (celA), serine protease (pat-1) and serine proteases residing on the chp/tomA pathogenicity island (chpCandppaA), were significantly induced within 96 hr after inoculation. Transcription of chromosomal genes involved in cell wall degradation (i.e., pelA1, celB, xysA and xysB) was also induced in early infection stages. The second objective was to identify by VIGS technology host genes affecting Cmm multiplication and appearance of disease symptoms in plant. VIGS screening showed that out of 160 tomato genes, which could be involved in defense-related signaling, suppression of 14 genes led to increase host susceptibility. Noteworthy are the genes Snakin-2 (inhibitor of Cmm growth) and extensin-like protein (ELP) involved in cell wall fortification. To further test the significance of Snakin -2 and ELP in resistance towards Cmm, transgenic tomato plants over-expressing the two genes were generated. These plants showed partial resistance to Cmm resulting in a significant delay of the wilt symptoms and reduction in size of canker lesion compared to control. Furthermore, colonization of the transgenic plants was significantly lower. The third objective was to assess the involvement of ethylene (ET), jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in Cmm infection. Microarray and proteomic studies showed the induction of enzymes involved in ET and JA biosynthesis. Cmm promoted ET production 8 days after inoculation and SIACO, a key enzyme of ET biosynthesis, was upregulated. Inoculation of the tomato mutants Never ripe (Nr) impaired in ET perception and transgenic plants with reduced ET synthesis significantly delayed wilt symptoms as compared to the wild-type plants. The retarded wilting in Nr plants was shown to be a specific effect of ET insensitivity and was not due to altered expression of defense related genes, reduced bacterial population or decrease in ethylene biosynthesis . In contrast, infection of various tomato mutants impaired in JA biosynthesis (e.g., def1, acx1) and JA insensitive mutant (jai1) yielded unequivocal results. The fourth objective was to determine the role of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Cmm in xylem colonization and symptoms development. A significance increase (2 to 7 fold) in expression of cellulases (CelA, CelB), pectate lyases (PelA1, PelA2), polygalacturonase and xylanases (XylA, XylB) was detected by qRT-PCR and by proteomic analysis of the xylem sap. However, with the exception of CelA, whose inactivation led to reduced wilt symptoms, inactivation of any of the other cell wall degrading enzymes did not lead to reduced virulence. Results achieved emphasized the complexity involved in Cmm-tomato interactions. Nevertheless they provide the basis for additional research which will unravel the mechanism of Cmm pathogenicity and formulating disease control measures.


Abstract:This article argues that Jane Shore, Edward IV's mistress in Thomas Heywood's history play, The First and Second Parts of King Edward IV, becomes a figure of chronical history through the way her speech acts of petitions and pardons are read as politically efficacious. In separating her performative speech from her identity as a woman, commoner, and mistress, Jane transcends both her moral and social status in ways not seen in the ballad or dramatic traditions that predate Heywood's play. Instead, Jane's words achieve a political authority even beyond those of the king, effacing her former status and recrafting—and perhaps limiting—her identity in the process.


A lane following system is proposed that employs four constrained wheel torques to regulate a vehicle on a reference trajectory. The proposed control algorithm was developed by combining several techniques such as: DYC method, hierarchical control architecture, sliding mode controls, control distributions, and etc. Different from existing approaches, the proposed method has the following advantages: (1) it can be implemented on two-wheel drive vehicles; (2) the error resulting from the hierarchical architecture are minimized and compensated; (3) the controlled wheel torque calculated by the control distribution method is an analytical solution instead of from numerical search. The proposed controller is evaluated by simulations on two more complex vehicle models: a full-state vehicle model and a sedan model from commercial software Carsim. Simulation results indicate that, in both cases, the proposed method can regulate the vehicle to finish a single lane change when the vehicle is moving at an initial speed of 90 km/hr.


Female varieties of Fragaria X ananassa (Sonja, Freja, Mieze Schilndler, Dir. Wallbaum, Reine des Precoces, Pozdnaya Slodkaya and others) and, tentatively, one female clone, F. virginiana "Scheldon", were pollinated with nineteen Potentilla species in the course of four years (1977-1980). A total of 99194 seeds was obtained, and from them, 739 seedlings (0.75%). After the first year of growth, a mean 24% of seedlings survived (178) Vegetatively mature plants were obtained from the above named octoploid maternal forms (Reine des Precoces excepted) with six Potentilla species (the diploid P. rupestris, P. purpureoides, P. geoides, P. glandulosa and P. fruticosa as well as the hexaploid P. fragiformis ). F. X ananassa var. Sonja X P. rupestris was classified as the best combination in producing surviving plants.


The distribution of interstellar nucleons is dominated by gas at temperatures ranging from a few K to a few hundred K. At the warmer end of this temperature range, the gas is predominantly in the form of ubiquitously distributed atomic hydrogen. The colder gas is almost entirely molecular; it resides in compressed clumps, confined principally to the inner-galaxy, and is most effectively traced by observations of carbon monoxide. In this paper, we focus on some of the problems which currently hinder derivation of the morphology and total number of nucleons in the galaxy. For the atomic gas, these problems involve optical depth effects in HI profiles, the amount of cold HI residing in molecular clouds, and the form of the outer-galaxy rotation curve. For the molecular gas, the problems involve the uncertainties in the conversion from CO intensities to H2densities, including the possibility of composition gradients across the galaxy, the total number and typical size of molecular clouds, and the possibility that the molecular material in the region of the galactic nucleus is distributed differently from the material in the galaxy at large.


This paper examines the long-run and short- run effects of depreciation/ devaluation for major European Union countries (Germany, France, the Unit - ed Kingdom, and Italy) over the 1975-1997 period. The approach is based on cointegration techniques proposed by Johansen [1988] and uses quarterly data. The empirical results indicate the existence of a positive relationship between the exchange rate and the trade balance for each country although long-run effects are rather moderate. According to the short- run analysis, there is a find - ing of a J-curve for Italy and the United Kingdom. The costs of relinquishing individual exchange rates may be rather small for major EU countries.


Introduction: Portable oxygen concentrators (POCs) deliver oxygen in pulses triggered by inspiration. The challenge of establishing equivalence between continuous flow oxygen (CFO) and nominal pulse flow (PF) settings on different POCs is well known. Aims and Objectives: A combination of bench measurements and mathematical modeling was used to compare the performance of four POCs versus CFO by predicting the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at the trachea and entering the acini. Methods: Each of four POCs was connected via nasal cannula to a 3D-printed replica of a human adult nasal airway. A test lung simulated three breathing patterns representative of a COPD patient at rest, during exercise and while asleep. Volume-averaged tracheal FiO2 was calculated by analyzing oxygen concentrations and inhalation flow rates over time. To describe transport of oxygen through the lower respiratory tract to the acini, a single-path mathematical model of the conducting airways was used. Results: CFO consistently delivered significantly greater tracheal FiO2 (>2% absolute) for all nominally equivalent PF settings greater than 2. Significant differences between POCs operating in PF were observed, particularly at high device settings. Model calculations showed that efficiency of delivery to the acini was higher in PF than in CFO, but that CFO generally delivered a higher absolute volume of oxygen. Conclusions: Significant differences in oxygen delivery were found between PF and CFO, and between PF modes in different POCs. While PF is a more efficient mode of delivery than CFO, for the POCs tested CFO resulted in a greater absolute volume of oxygen delivered per breath.


Research suggests that higher childhood self‐regulation (CSR) predicts lower adiposity in adolescence. However, it is unclear whether this relationship differs by sex or by baseline weight status. Thus, this study investigated these questions in a longitudinal, community‐based cohort.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the effect of oxymetazoline nasal spray on intraocular pressure and retrobulbar hemodynamics in patients with open-angle glaucoma and to compare the results with those measured in healthy control participants.

STUDY DESIGN
Controlled, prospective clinical trial.

SETTING
University hospital.

METHODS
Thirty patients with open-angle glaucoma and 30 healthy volunteers as controls were topically self-administered oxymetazoline nasal spray three times a day (one spray in each nostril of 0.05% concentration) for 5 days continuously.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Intraocular pressure and retrobulbar hemodynamics were measured in glaucomatous and normal eyes at baseline and at the end of oxymetazoline application .

RESULTS
Oxymetazoline nasal spray lowered intraocular pressure significantly in both the glaucoma group (p = .02) and the control group (p = .001) after 5 days of treatment. The systemic parameters in the glaucoma and control groups (systolic blood pressure, p = .14 and p = .17; diastolic blood pressure, p = .18 and p = .49; and pulse rate, p = .06 and p = .50, respectively) did not show statistically significant differences during the study period. Additionally, except with a significant decrease in the resistivity index of the central retinal artery in the glaucoma patients (p = .001), oxymetazoline nasal spray did not result in any significant changes in the retrobulbar hemodynamics in both the glaucoma and control groups.

CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that a 5-day treatment with oxymetazoline nasal spray reduced intraocular pressure in both healthy controls and patients with glaucoma under treatment. In addition, it had no significant adverse effects on the retrobulbar hemodynamics.


Skuja [Botanical Review 4: 665–676 (193S)] proposed that some freshwater red algae might be derived through invasions by marine species into freshwater habitats. We examined the likelihood that this has occurred in Hildenbrandia by carrying out molecular analyses of 11 freshwater (H. rivularis) and five brackish (H. rubra) collections of the genus from a region of southern Sweden. DNA sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions demonstrated a clear distinction between the freshwater and the brackish collections, in that the two groups of sequences were unalignable with each other. Network topologies based on DNA comparisons did not correspond to the ages of the freshwater bodies. Intersimple sequence repeat and ITS analyses yielded partially congruent groupings among the freshwater collections, with two main clusters evident based on both sets of data. Comparisons of five of the Swedish samples with 10 previous European collections, using the gene coding for the large subunit of the Rubisco enzyme (rbcL) and the ISS rRNA gene, demonstrated little or no corrected sequence divergence among the freshwater samples (0–2.0% for rbcL; 0–0.5% for ISS rRNA) but much higher divergence among marine samples (4.9–23.4% for rbcL; 0.6–3.4% for ISS rRNA). These data support the idea of a single origin for the European freshwater collections of Hildenbrandia, provided that there are no large differences in the rate of evolution between marine and freshwater Hildenbrandia species.


This paper investigates the impact of backward participation in global value chains (GVCs) on productivity growth considering the mediating effect of organizational capital and distinguishing between high and low digital intensive sectors (OECD, 2018). Using industry data from EUKLEMS, WIOD and INTAN-Invest, the analysis focuses on a sample of eleven European economies plus the US over the period 1998-2015. Our findings show: a) a positive and statistically significant productivity impact of backward participation; b) a larger marginal effect of backward participation on productivity growth in countries-industries with a higher intensity of organizational capital; c) a larger productivity impact of backward participation and organizational capital in high digital sectors. The results suggest the relevance of managerial capabilities to extract value from participation in global value chains, particularly in high digital intensive sectors. because management practices and IT are complements. We extend this literature to the study of the productivity impact of GVC participation by testing whether higher investment in organizational capital magnifies the productivity gains from backward participation in GVC and whether, due to the complementarity between organizational capital and IT, the gains are larger in high digital industries.


AbstractCa2+ influx is crucial in initiating the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes, but which Ca2+ channels are involved remains uncertain. Here we show that the T‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel Cav3.2 is essential for tracheal chondrogenesis. Mice lacking this channel (Cav3.2‐/‐) showed congenital tracheal stenosis because of incomplete formation of cartilaginous tracheal support. Conversely, Cav3.2 overexpression in ATDC5 cells enhanced chondrogenesis, which could be blunted by both blocking T‐type Ca2+channels and inhibiting calcineurin and suggests that Cav3.2 is responsible for Ca2+ influx during chondrogenesis. Finally, the expression of sex‐determination region of Y chromosome (SRY)‐related high mobility group‐Box gene 9 (Sox9) was reduced in Cav3.2‐/‐ tracheas. Cav3.2‐dependent Sox9 upregulation required a putative nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) binding site identified within the mouse Sox9 promoter. The signaling pathway underlying Ca2+‐induced chondrogenesis involves the Cav3.2 T‐type channel and depends on calcineurin and NFAT.


Research on Abundance of flies Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera umbrosa on cocoa plantation Theobroma cacao L. in Mojong Village Wattang Sidenreng Subdistrict Sidrap Regency South Sulawesi. This research aims to know the abundance of Bactrocera carambolae, and Bactrocera umbrosa in cocoa plant Theobroma cacao L. The method used, namely: pheromone trap to catch fruit flies conducted once a week for 4 weeks. The results obtained 2 types of fruit flies that pertolong into 1 genus, with the highest abundance in every week is Bactrocera carambolae compared with lower Bactrocera umbrosa in every week. The conclusion of this study is the highest abundance is: Bactrocera carambolae. Fruit flies found in smallholder cocoa plantation in Mojong Village Wattang Sidenrreng Subdistrict Sidrap Regency South Sulawesi is obtained two types of fruit flies that pertolong into the genus, namely: Bactrocera carambolae and bactrocera umbrosa And fruit flies Bactrocera carambolae have higher relative abundance compared with bactrocera umbrosa .


Several 2- and 5-fluoro-containing 3-hydroxpyridin-4-ones such as (I)-(IV) are prepared as modified analogues of the known drug deferiprone (V) in order to get substances with improved pharmaceutical profile.