The present article examines the information obtained in the survey by Oakland and Cunningham on school psychology in fifty-four countries. Although the data suggest considerable developments in the profession of school psychology, much remains to be done in many areas if the profession is to achieve suitable standards (e.g. in school psychologist to student ratios). Several important differences were reported between high-GNP and low-GNP countries. This article discusses the data with particular reference to their relation to conditions in Africa.


The objective of this research is to highlight the necessity of conceptualizing and establishing the concept of 'Creative Yeonhui(연희)' as an initial step in the study of creative Yeonhui. Therefore, it can be seen as a study with an exploratory and experimental discussion character for the full-scale study of creative Yeonhui. Recognizing the problems and limitations that the ambiguity and breadth of the existing traditional Yeonhui concept are difficult to explain the creative Yeonhui, the creative Yeonhui can understand the formation background relatively clearly compared to the traditional Yeonhui, and reviewed the background and current status of the creative Yeonhui. Accordingly, the background and current status of creative Yeonhui have been examined. By considering the background of formation, it is used as the scope of the current situation, and as a representative review of the creative activities of groups from the Yeonhui Department of Korea National University of Arts and the percussion Yeonhui Department of Chung-Ang University, the traditional Yeonhui mainly used by these groups are as follows. Pungmul(풍물), Kukdoogaksi Noleum(꼭두각시놀음. puppet play), shaman music, Namsadang play(남사당놀이), and Talchum(탈춤. mask dance). Also, depending on the educational background, the creations appeared to be of a different nature. Through this, it has been observed that depending on how the factors influencing the formation of creative Yeonhui are interpreted, there can be variations in the conceptualization and categorization of creative Yeonhui in comparison to the existing framework of Yeonhui research. An example of a creative Yeonhui concept that can be presented through this study is to consider Samulnori(사물놀이), which has become an important opportunity for Yeonhui history, and the establishment of Yeonhui in the university. this is how to set up categories and identify components. Starting with this study, I hope that follow-up research from various perspectives for the composition of the concept of creative Yeonhui will continue, and I hope that the discourse will be formed and there will be a place for discussion and consensus for the establishment of the concept of creative Yeonhui


Nonlinear beam propagation software is used to calculate quantitatively the two-photon absorption (TPA)-induced charge-density profiles generated in silicon by focused femtosecond laser pulses under conditions that are experimentally relevant for single-event effects studies. The described approach permits simulation and prediction of the impact of various optical nonlinearities on the beam propagation through, and generation of free carriers in silicon for F/#s approaching one. It is found that, even at moderate incident laser pulse energies, the nonlinear-optical processes of nonlinear refraction, free-carrier absorption, and free-carrier refraction all contribute, and must be considered in describing the TPA-induced charge generation in silicon. Free-carrier refraction is found to play the dominant role in distorting the charge density profile at larger pulse energies. The simulation results are validated with experimentally measured beam sizes for different focusing conditions.


An investigation of the stability of β-carotene in 111 samples of hydrogenated edible fats revealed that during storage at temperatures in the range of +20° to —20°, green discoloration of the yellow fats occurred in 38 samples during the first year of storage. The green discoloration was found mostly in hydrogenated palm kernel oil and coconut oil; samples of hydrogenated marine and soyabean oils were much less susceptible to colour change. The rate of development of the colour change was generally a maximum in the temperature range +6° to —6° and decreased rapidly as the temperature was raised.


David Wrench has become one of the most celebrated and sought-after mix engineers, not least because two of his 2014 projects were nominated for the Mercury Music Prize; those being two of the most contemporary albums of the year - FKA Twigs' LP1 and Jungle's self-titled debut. He has since been awarded the Music Producers Guild's Mix Engineer of the Year award in 2016. David is a multi-talented Producer, Recording Engineer and Mix Engineer and an exceptionally well regarded musician and multi-instrumentalist. His credits for mixing and engineering include Bat For Lashes, Everything Everything, Caribou, Guillemots, Philip Selway and Glass Animals. During the keynote interview at Innovation In Music 2015, David Wrench gave an overview of his pathway into music production, his approach to innovative projects and an insight into some of the varied projects he has worked on. This article is a transcript of the David Wrench's interview with Conference Chair, Dr Rob Toulson.


Wireless power transmission (WPT) is useful technology in near future. There are some kinds of the WPT technologies, WPT via radio waves, resonance coupling, and inductive. Especially the WPT via radio waves is used for multi-purposes from short range to long range application. However, unfortunately it is misunderstood that it is low efficiency and low power. In this paper, I show the theory of beam efficiency between transmitting antennas and receiving antennas and also show some high efficient applications of the WPT via radio waves. Especially, I pick up a wireless power charging system of an electric vehicle and show the experimental results. I show difference between the theory of beam efficiency and the experimental results of short range WPT. I indicate that reasons of poor beam efficiency in the experiment are (1) change of impedance caused by mutual coupling between transmitting antennas and receiving antennas, (2) oblique direction of microwave power to receiving antennas caused by short distance.


The reactions of the pigeon louse Columbicola columbae to temperature, smell and contact have been tested in a circular, glass-walled arena divided into two halves. The thermopreferendum has been found to be between 33 and 36° C, and higher temperatures are more strongly avoided than lower ones. The louse prefers cloth that has been in contact with pigeon feathers to clean cloth. Kerosene serves as a repellant. When the louse is offered different surfaces, namely, glazed paper, tin foil, blotting paper, unglazed paper, voile, silk or wool, the woollen surface is preferred most. Three mechanisms of orientation, klinotaxis, klinokinesis and orthokinesis appear to contribute to the normal behaviour of the louse. Under certain conditions negative orthokinesis also affects the behaviour. Comparison of the behaviour of the pigeon louse and human louse has shown that in many respects their behaviour is similar and that their thermopreferendum depends on the body temperatures of their respective hosts.


Our understanding of the tectono-magmatic processes in subduction zones generally relies on interpretations of the bulk-rock compositions of associated volcanic rocks. These, however, have typically undergone extensive modification in the crust (fractionation and/or contamination) and interpreting the mantle processes that have contributed to their genesis is complex. Direct evidence of the composition of the mantle beneath subduction-related volcanics is rare as mantle xenoliths are seldom brought to the surface. An exception is the Antarctic Peninsula, which consists of a series of suspect arc terranes accreted to the margin of Gondwana. Subduction occurred along a trench, off the west coast, and lasted over 200 Ma. It finally ceased after a series of ridge-trench collisions, which began at ∼50 Ma in the south and ended at ca. 4 Ma in the north. This was followed by extensive alkaline volcanism along the length of the Antarctic Peninsula. At several localities these post-subduction volcanics contain abundant, fresh spinel-bearing lherzolites, harzburgites and pyroxenites. The widest variety of xenoliths were collected from basanites and tephrites emplaced on Alexander Island and Rothschild Island in the accreted Western Domain. The mineral chemistry of the xenolith suite as a whole is highly varied, e.g. olivine ranges in composition from Fo77 to Fo91, but within individual xenoliths typically only limited variation is apparent. Xenolith textures and plots of mineral chemistry suggest that the constituent mineral phases are in equilibrium and can be used to determine pressures and temperatures. PT estimates based on pyroxene compositions indicate that the lithosphere beneath the Antarctic Peninsula has a normal, unperturbed mantle geotherm and a thickness of ∼90 km; the base of the mechanical boundary layer is at ∼70 km and the xenoliths appear to have been entrained from within this region.


With the update of the power transaction mode and the access of increasing electric vehicles with high randomness to the power grid, the existing carbon emission flow calculation method cannot consider the influence of carbon emission due to the fluctuation in electric vehicle charging and various transaction modes. Given the above shortcomings, this paper proposes an improved carbon emission flow model considering electric vehicle charging fluctuations and hybrid power transactions. The model first considers different transaction modes, allocates the network loss to both sides of power generation, and forms a lossless network, realizing the decoupling of the bilateral transaction mode, pool transaction mode, and network loss and then calculating the day-ahead network's carbon emission. Then, the changes in different transaction modes caused by the fluctuation in electric vehicle charging under different transaction modes are analyzed and the nodes of 'spontaneous change' are found to form a day-ahead intra-day deviation network and calculate its carbon emission flow. Finally, the calculation results are combined to obtain an improved power system carbon emission flow considering electric vehicle charging fluctuations and transaction modes. In this paper, the 33-node system is used for verification.


This scientific paper presents in national premiere and in original concept of the author, the scientific national and the author's original concept, the technological and cross-border mixture value chain of science and engineering of multi-integrative Mechatronics-Integronics-Adaptronics, as high-tech vector support development, for viability and sustainability of a new intelligent and competitive labour market.


A transducer for the generation of high directional ultrasonic radiation in fluids is studied. It consists of a plate of particular shape set in oscillation by an adequate vibrator. Since the directional pattern depends substantially on the phase with which the single elements of the plate vibrate, the radiating surface is shaped into steps covering areas vibrating with the same phase, the height of the steps being equal to a half‐wavelength of the radiated sound, in order to obtain a coherent acoustic radiation. To facilitate the design of such plates, an approximate theory of their vibration is shown, and the experimental proofs, whose results confirm the full validity of the adopted method, are described.


With the in-depth research on hypersonic aerodynamics and hypersonic propulsion technology, humans are growing closer to space travel. Recent studies have shown that the pre-cooled air-turborocket (ATR) or turboexpander engines are some of the potential propulsion methods for reusable space vehicles and single stage-to-orbit (SSTO) missions because they have a high specific impulse at low Mach numbers, which can overcome the problem of the "thrust gap" in turbine-based combined-cycle (TBCC) engines. The ATR engine needs an additional oxidizing agent and the turboexpander engine usually uses hydrogen as fuel, which has low energy density and poor safety. To address this problem, this paper proposed a high-energy-density (HED) hydrocarbon-fueled turboexpander engine, and its feasibility has been proven through a simplified thermodynamic model. Through detailed thermodynamic analysis based on the energy and pressure balance, this paper analyzed the performance characteristics of the engine to evaluate its capacity to work in a wide speed range at low Mach numbers. The results show that the endothermic hydrocarbon-fueled turboexpander engine has good specific impulse in Mach 0∼4 at an equivalence ratio of 0.7∼1.3, and the turboexpander engine can be combined with the dual-mode scramjet and become an efficient acceleration method for SSTO missions and the reusable spacecraft.


Rapid developments in technology provide innovative opportunities to facilitate the process of student reflection and optimise student learning. This study explored the use of audio–based journaling to enhance students' thinking skills. We investigated how comfort levels and preferences were different between students using audio–recorded and conventional text–based reflective journals, and how the content and the substance of student postings were different in terms of depth of reflection, conciseness, and relative length. A sample of 40 nursing students were randomly divided into two groups and posted reflective journals after clinical and simulation experiences. Pre and post treatment data from questionnaires found that audio–recording students were more comfortable with technology and more positive toward their assigned reflection tool than students using text. We also found that even though the two types of reflective journals were viewed approximately the same in terms of depth, the audio–based reflections were more lengthy and less concise.


In this article the scientific research background of the problem A in the CUMCM- 2 0 0 0 as well as its intention and conception are simply stated.Moreover,some excellent methods proposed by the students participating in the contestforthe answer to this problem are introduced and reviewed


This paper provides a new model of retail market structure. On the retail level, we study how multiand single-product retailers compete in the same market when consumers want to buy one good. We find that multi-product retailers charge higher prices and retain all their consumers. Single-product retailers lose consumers to each other, and due to these losses charge lower prices. On the manufacturing level, we find that manufacturers would rather sell at retailers that do not carry competitor's goods, however, if they can, the prefer to "invade" competitor's home turf. This means that they over-saturate the retail channel with their products in the following sense: they sell goods in too many common stores, which intensifies price competition between them and leads to lower prices and profits. Consumer benefit in the form of lower prices and lower search costs.


Generally, geometric nonlinearities of cable-stayed bridges depend on the behaviors of cables, pylons, the bridge deck and their interactions. These are geometry change, cable sag, and the interactions of axial forces, the bending moment and their deformations in the pylons and bridge deck. Therefore, a large cable-stayed bridges system having a large number of cables can be analyzed under different load conditions. In investigating nonlinear behaviors of cable- stayed bridges, the nonlinear behavior of cables needs to be considered because it may cause the nonlinear behavior of whole bridge system. The nonlinear behavior of a cable gained from its sag. With an increasing axial load, the elongation of the cable is increased but the total cable sag is decreased. Cable-stayed bridge uses cables instead of the internal piers to support the bridge deck. Usually, cable- stayed bridge decks are straight with a little camber compared to the total length of the bridge. Keeping the bridge deck in the position where is the designer desired is not only for bridge aesthetics but also for people on the bridge in terms of psychological effect of improving confidence in structure and engineering considerations. To achieve the serviceability and engineering requirements, preloading of the cable is necessary. In this paper, one such a bridge with geometry similarly to an existing cable- stayed bridge. Quincy Bayview Bridge, located in Illinois, USA, has been considered. Quincy Bayview Bridge has 58 cables in the two planes. Four methods have been considered in this paper to make the optimum selection of cable preloading. The objective is to select appropriate method to determine cable prestrains in order to minimize the deformations and stresses due to dead load of the bridge. Thus, it is not a trivial problem since a change in the prestress of a cable influence the deformation every where in the structure. The best method would be determined by comparing the calculated bending and vertical displacements of the bridge deck.


Solar photovoltaic systems are widely used to generate electricity from solar energy but the reliability and efficiency of PV systems are always of serious concern due to intermittent nature of solar radiation. The performance of the photovoltaic system depends upon various factors like type of solar PV technology used, irradiance, module temperature, wind speed, ambient temperature and other outdoor environmental conditions. The main objective of the study is to identify a suitable solar cell model for power prediction of a PV system for a location of interest and validate the results experimentally. A single diode model with 4 and 5-parameters is used for modeling of PV arrays. A hybrid approach of analytical and numerical methods has been utilized to identify the accurate parameters of solar cell model. The instantaneous output power is predicted by considering the effects of irradiance and module temperature on the power generation. The predicted power by both the 4 and 5-parameters models are compared and validated using an experimental PV system. The average percentage difference error between measured and predicted output power values for the 5-parameter model is 4.95% and 4-parameter model is 5.16%. The output power predicted using 5-parameter model is found to be much closer to measured values.


In a refrigeration apparatus having an internal water consumer (10, 11) and a water pipe (8) which are connected in series the water consumer (10, 11) supplied and in which a replaceable water filter (6) and a valve (9), has a control unit (13) for controlling the valve (9) comprises a counter which an accumulated opening time (☐t) of the valve (9) is detected, and the control unit (13) is arranged on a display instrument (17) outputting a filter usefulness signal then denotes the filter (9) at the latest as no longer useful when the accumulated opening time (☐t) a predetermined threshold value (t) has exceeded.


Poly lactic acid is a polymer that has been developed as an alternative to substitution of conventional polymers. The properties of this polymer are biodegradable in nature and non-toxic substances. These polymers potentially can be used as a matrix for urea carries. The aim of this research was to synthesize poly lactic acid in a low molecular weight. This product can be used as a matrix that urea release controller during the process of fertilization. The methodology consisted of two stages. The first stage was polycondensation of lactic acid and degradability test. Lactic acid was mixed with SnCl2 catalyst 0.1% and heated to 138oC for 24 hours. The second stage was producing in the form of Smart Urea Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (CRNF). Urea was dissolved in poly lactic acid through a heating process at 150°C to dissolve urea with variation in urea concentration weight of  0.5%; 0.1%; 0.15%; 0.2%; 0.25%; 0.3% and CRNF granulation processes. Finally, the mixture was granulated in ambient temperature. Chemical analysis was done the molecular weight of poly lactic acid. The relationship between intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight was used. The IR spectra (FTIR) was used to fine molecular structure. The release testing of urea from the matrix of poly lactic acid uses UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the average molecular weight of poly lactic acid is 1149.49 g /gmol. FTIR spectra of CRNF with variation in urea concentration weight showed the presence of groups owned by poly lactic acid and urea. The peaks are 1627.03 to 1629.92 cm-1 for the -NH group and 3478.77 to 3498.06 cm-1 for group -OH. The existence of these groups proves the existence of urea in CRNF. The release of urea from poly lactic acid occurs by diffusion. It can be seen, when urea in CRNF form immersed in water, the concentration of urea in water increase as well as the increasing immersed time.


Many institutions are adopting online learning systems in order to create equal learning opportunities for every learner around the globe. Adaptive learning management systems were designed to capture the learning styles and behaviors of students. However, these adaptive learning systems failed to sufficiently capture students' learning styles, and also lacked interactivity. Therefore, there is the need for a new system which would capture the learners' styles via a static and automatic modelling approach and also boost interactivity, which is the focus of this study. IALMS model was proposed using the interactive design technique. The prototype of the model was developed using the ADDIE model and Felder and Silverman learning style which was used to capture users learning style. Apache WAMP server, Moodle and the Grapple gale were used to develop the IALMS. The implementation of the IALMS system provides a platform for students to learn course content according to their learning style, interact with other users through the online chat and forum platform, the system also awards badge to students after the completion of a course. In conclusion, the use of the IALMS will improve student engagement by increasing self-assurance, decreasing frustration and inspiring productive learning habits.


A review about the microcapsulation technology,including its wall materials and preparation methods is provided,focusing focus on characterization methods of particle size,wall thickness,microstructure,controlled release,strength and embedding rate.Then,several problems of microcapsulation technology are raised.A prospect on microcapsulation technology is also presented.


The preheating of laser-heated microballoon targets has been measured by time-resolved x-ray and extreme ultraviolet (euv) spectroscopy on the 30 kJ, 351 nm, 60-beam laser-fusion system at the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics. Thin coatings of aluminum overcoated with magnesium served as indicators. both the sequence of the x-ray line emission and the intensity of euv radiation were used to determine a preheating peaking at {approx} 10 ns prior to onset of the main laser pulse, with a power density {approx_equal}1% of the main pulse. The measurements are supported by numerical modeling. Further information is provided by absorption spectra from the aluminum coating, backlighted by continuum from the heated surface. The exact source of the preheating energy remains unknown at present, but most likely arrives from early laser leakage through the system. The present target diagnostic is particularly useful when all beams cannot be monitored directly at all laser wavelengths.


Shape memory nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys can recover up to 8% of induced strain allowing such alloys to be used in the creation of solid-state actuators. Despite the unique properties of NiTi alloys, their implementation in structural applications is expensive, complex, and in some cases unfeasible due to limitations of traditional joining techniques. This research investigates the joining of NiTi to itself, aluminum 2024, O1 tool steel, and 304 stainless steel by Ultrasonic Soldering (USS), a process that can solder difficult to wet materials without the use of flux. The USS joints were evaluated through strength testing, optical microscopy, and maximum calculated von Mises equivalent stresses developed during testing. Lap shear tests show NiTi/NiTi, NiTi/aluminum 2024, NiTi/O1 tool steel, and NiTi/304 stainless steel USS joints have average ultimate shear strengths of 30.9 MPa, 53.8 MPa, 37.2 MPa, and 40.6 MPa, respectively.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


The coherent wave field, which is the ensemble average of the solution of the wave equation, is studied. The approach is similar to that used in the previous theory on extinction [Kato (1976). Acta Cryst. A32, 453–457, 458–466]. Here it is extended to deal with general cases where the single average and the second-order correlation of lattice phase factors are mixed. The Laplace transforms of the coherent wave fields are derived first and integro-differential equations (IDEs) are formulated for them. The latter are identical to the previous ones derived directly from the wave equation. A controversial problem of IDEs is explained by the interpretation of IDEs.


Furongian–Tremadocian phosphorites of Estonia are sandstone rich in biogenic apatite, represented by brachiopod detritus. The study focuses on the mineralogical and micro-analytical characterisation of phosphorites from the Aseri, Toolse, and Kabala deposits based on FE-SEM and EPMA analyses. The shell fragments are composed of alternating compact and porous laminae, but with considerably poor preservation of pristine textures, superseded by the formation of authigenic CAF-apatite during the early diagenesis. In all settings, the shells showed preferential uptake of Sr into the porous cryptocrystalline laminae. The altered areas are composed of massive apatite crystallites with Mn-enriched layers. They are frequently covered with pyrite, indicating progressive recrystallisation under the influence of interstitial fluids and fluctuations in redox gradients in coastal environments.


Railway turnouts, crossovers, and diamonds are special track systems used to divert a train from a particular direction or a particular track onto other directions or other tracks. It is a structural grillage system that consists of steel rails, points, crossings, steel plates, rubber pads, insulators, fasteners, screw spikes, beam bearers (either timber, polymer, steel or concrete), ballast and formation. Usually under dynamic and high-intensity impact loading conditions, structural components of the turnout tend to have relatively short lives compared with those of ordinary open railway tracks, resulting in frequent turnout reconstruction and maintenance (ranging from every 10 to 20 years). Such the activities emit greenhouse gas (GHG) that increasing air pollution and contributing to climate change. Although railway operation is the most sustainable and carbonefficient mode of transport, its considerable construction and maintenance often produce large amount of greenhouse gas. This study aims at developing a practical guideline to achieve carbon efficiency in the construction and maintenance of railway turnout. It involves significant field-based surveys and monitoring of the critical and detailed data of CO2 emissions from each task, process and activity across multi functions. The outcome of this study provides an alternative planning and decision-making tool taking into account environmental benefits and risk management for railway engineers.


The article highlights systemic manifestation of "contractual freedom" on each of stages of concluding civil
contract. In the article is analyzed legislation of Ukraine and civil doctrine on subject of problematic aspects of use
of "contractual freedom" arising at-law. We give meaningful system characteristics "contractual freedom" in the
dynamics of civil contractual relationship.
Key words: contract freedom, freedom of contract, dynamics of relationships, stages, under civil contractual
relationship.


The pleural cavity is a thin layer of the sac that is lined with a serous membrane that encloses the lungs and separates it from the thoracic cage. There is an inner layer covering the surface of the lungs called the visceral pleura. The outer layer is the parietal pleural. A minuscule amount of fluid that is approximately 10 microliters thick can be found between the 2 layers. The amount of fluid in the pleural cavity is regulated by a fine balance in the oncotic and hydrostatic pressures between the pleural space and the intravascular components coupled with the perilymphatic drainage. The Frank-Starling law controls this process.Transudates are formed when there is a disturbance in the fine balance between the production of pleural fluid and its absorption. There are several factors involved in the formation of exudates. Protein and other substances are removed from the pleural cavity via lymphatic lacuna and preformed stoma. Chest wall movement and respiratory dynamics enhance the process of removal of these substances via the lymphatic route.The pleural cavity also contains cells, some macrophages, red blood cells, and lymphocytes. The amount of fluids and cells in the pleural space can changes considerably in pathologic conditions.The visceral pleura receives it bloods supply from bronchial circulation whole the parietal pleura receives its supplies from the intercostal arteries make the 2 layers 2 distinct anatomic structures. The visceral part of the pleura does not have any sensory nerve, on the contrary, the parietal part of the pleura has a rich network of sensory nerve making it very sensitive to painful stimuli. The pleural cavity aids in the mechanics of inspiration and expiration during breathing. Kampmeier's foci are a collection of lymphoreticular and mesothelial cells which acts as "guard" by preventing the entry of undesirable substances from the pleural cavity into the media in the chest wall and mediastinum.Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. The mechanism by which fluid accumulates in the pleural cavity is outlined below:


The purpose of the study was to investigate how young students engage in an inquiry-based project driven by real-life contexts. Elementary school children were engaged in a small inquiry project centred on marine biodiversity and species adaptations. All activities included the exploration of an out-of-school setting as a learning context. A total of 49 students and 2 teachers were involved in the activities. The research methods included observation, document analysis and content analysis of the answers to a questionnaire and an interview. The results revealed that most of the students acquired scientific knowledge related to biological diversity and adaptations to habitat. Moreover, students progressively demonstrate greater autonomy, argumentative ability and decision-making. One implication of the present study is that elementary science curriculum could be better managed with inquiry project-based activities that explore different types of resources and out-of-school settings.


TO A North American reader, the short fiction of the countries to the southward has an exotic and unfamiliar tone. It is not merely that Buenos Aires supplants New York as the locale for stories of metropolitan sophistication, and that gauchos and peons replace farmers and clerks as characters. Nor is it the obvious contrast in setting, with the pampas of Argentina, the cordilleras of Chile, the tropical forests of the Chaco, the hot, indolent port-towns of Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru supplying the most conspicuous backgrounds. There are other differences more fundamental, more striking.' The very structure of the stories is outside the ordinary reader's experience. Here are no well-made plots, no carefully-contrived causal relationships resulting in climactic action and logical denouement. The sketch is more familiar than the incident, the episode more common than the complete story. Action often leads nowhere. The initial exposition, so important to the conventional storyteller, is either telescoped or omitted. One chapter of the protagonist's life may be presented, or a single event may be told. In either case there is no preliminary explanation and no result. Few Latin American writers reveal an adherence to or even an understanding of the principles of traditional fictional art (one outstanding exception is Eduardo Barrios's extremely subtle and Henry Jamesian tale, "Brother Ass"). They represent instead the disintegration of plot. Another distinction is the strong sense of religion behind many of the stories. The Catholicism of the hinterland is seldom pure or orthodox, and sometimes it is indistinguishable from long-preserved pagan rites or folk superstitions; but invariably it affects the inner life of the peasants and the external life of the privileged classes. Wayside shrines, feast days, the liturgy of the church, priests and cathedrals have their impact. Church festivals may be only attenuations of fertility rites and incantations to the rain gods, but they are an integral part of the diurnal existence. A picaro


The author examines how theologians, especially Protestants, have changed their attitude to pop-culture. A veritable evolution has taken place. At one time, Protestant theologians refused to even acknowledge the existence of the phenomenon, while today some of these theologians employ examples drawn from pop-culture even in their lessons of theology. The author studies this contemporary development and offers some reasons for why it has come about. One ofthese theologians, a certain Gordon Lynch, has become a convinced apologist for pop-culture and analyses it on the basis of his threefold theory of the levels of the functionality of religion: sociological, existential (hermeneutic), and transcendental. In Lynch's opinion, pop-culture has taken over the role of religion in many cases. He cites the popular cartoon The Simpsons as one prominent example. Religion plays an important part in this cartoon series and Protestant theologians have begun to take notice an opposite change of attitude towards religion in pop-culture, viewing the development in a positive way. Though pop-cultural products may be used in pastoral ministry and are also being evaluated by theologians, this analysis cannot be called scientific in the strictest sense, since generally it remains within the scope of only theological approach.


Numerous clinical and experimental studies within the past six years have demonstrated that virus hepatitis, including both the infectious and the homologous serum type, is transmissible to human beings by the parenteral injection of human serum. Apparently the only clinical differentiating characteristic of these two virus infections, when both are thus transmitted, is the shorter (twenty to forty days) incubation period in the case of the former and the longer (forty to one hundred and sixty days) incubation period in the latter. Neefe 1 has proposed the terminology "virus hepatitis I.H." and "virus hepatitis S.H." to differentiate the naturally occurring disease from the artificially transmitted homologous serum type. Most commonly reported has been the accidental transmission of virus hepatitis by means of transfusions of whole blood, plasma and convalescent serum and injections of vaccines to which human serum has been added. 2 Less commonly encountered have been accidental transmission by


Abstract The time course of the loss of different components of the phospholipids of rabbit and mouse epididymal spermatozoa during spontaneous lipid peroxidation was determined, using thin layer chromatography with a specific situ hydrolysis method to differentiate the acyl and alkenyl (plasmalogen) moieties. The components followed were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), the PE and PC phasmalogens, sphingomyelin (SP), cardiolipin (CL), and phosphatidyl-glycerol (PG). In both mouse and rabbit sperm, the PE component was found to be more than 90% diplasmalogen: 1,2-di(0-1′-alkenyl) glycerophosphoethanolamine. This component was lost rapidly during peroxidation. All PE has disappeared from rabbit sperm after 4 h aerobic incubation, at which point the other phospholipids had been little affected. In both mouse and rabbit sperm, the PC component was found to be 50% monoplasmalogen. The decrease in PC plasmalogen of rabbit sperm amounted to 74% after 20 h, compared to 42% loss of total P...


In 1981, three and a half-year old Katie Beckett caught the attention of President Ronald Reagan.' Katie had contracted viral encephalitis as an infant and as a result required a mechanical ventilator to help her breathe. Her parents wanted to take her home from the hospital where she had lived since infancy, but Medicaid would fund her care only if she remained in the institution.' Therefore Katie remained in the hospital, which cost the public approximately $10,000 more per month than home care.' Katie's situation seemed ridiculous, the product of an inefficient bureaucracy. Since President Reagan had campaigned against a growing federal bureaucracy, Katie's plight presented a perfect issue. The President's concern led to implementation of so-called "Katie Beckett waivers," 4 which, after a casespecific determination of cost effectiveness, allowed a child with severe disabilities to receive care at home while remaining eligible for Medicaid services.5 The Katie Beckett waiver program has evolved over the years6 and


: In the absence of adequate public transport facilities with in cities, there is rapid increase in private ownership of vehicles. Growth of population and motor vehicle coupled with socio-economic development are resulting in steep increase in transport demand leading to considerable traffic problems. In the past few years, traffic density on road especially in urban areas has grown by leaps and bounds and the well-known fact is that every vehicle requires a parking space at end of trip or at destination. The increase in demand for parking spaces due to the increase of vehicles around the world on one hand and the significant shortage of these parking spaces has created a challenging problem for parking. This demand also leads to economic, social and environmental losses. Consequently, parking space optimization and control has become a real challenge for city transportation planners and traffic authorities. Presently in many Indian cities, the systems in place today for vehicular parking areas is just the ticket system i.e. driver will buy a ticket at the entry of parking area and after that motorist have to find the vacant parking bay as guided by the attendant. Such kind of system leads to loss for both parties associated with it i.e. driver (in terms of quality of service) and parking provider (in terms of revenue generation).


This paper presents the results of a research study conducted on solar energy resource assessment for Al-Batinah region in Oman. GIS-based spatial multi-criteria evaluation approach, in terms of the FLOWA module was used to assess the land suitability for large PV farms implementation in Oman. The tool used applies fuzzy quantifiers within ArcGIS environment allowing the integration of a multi-criteria decision analysis. Land suitability analysis for large PV farms implementation was carried out for the case study of Al-Batinah region in Oman. The highly suitable land areas exceeding 2.5km2 of minimum surface were selected. Different PV technologies were considered for implementation in the selected areas. It was found that PV technologies provide very high technical potential for implementing large solar plants. In fact, if all highly suitable land is completely exploited for CPV implementation, it can produce almost 24.5 times the present total electric energy demand in Oman.


Lately the hollowing out of Japanese manufacturing industries has been occurring as a result of the transfer of production to overseas sites. In order for the machine tool industry of Japan as a supply base to the world market to maintain a superior position, it is working to develop machines with competitive cost and maintained function, focusing on environmental aspects and energy saving materials to create top-class machines with multiple functions and ultra-precision and ultra-high speed capability. This paper describes trends regarding machine tools in the world's leading countries and their technology outlines and technical trends regarding grinding machines using fixed abrasive grains. 2. Trends regarding Machine Tools and Their


China has the biggest rare earths resource in the world,no wonder she pays much at-tention to the application of rare earth metals (REM).The application of REM in iron andsteel in China began at the end of 1950's.The production of REM-treated iron and steelhad been made steady progress in the period of 1980's.The production of REM-treatediron and steel in 1989 was 1.4 million tons and 250,000 tons respectively.The interest oftreating steel with REM in China keeps growing even in these years,It comes from the nat-


In this paper we perform a study of 3 SRAM cell architectures, namely conventional (single port) 6T (6transistors), 8T (8-transisitors) and 9T (9-transistors) both with dual ports, to review and evaluate Static Noise Margin (SNM) at low operating voltages. These cells are simulated using SimuCad EDA tool by Silvaco, using generic 90nm process design kit (PDK). It is observed that the 6T SRAM cell suffer from poor writability and severe read disturbance. The write margin of the 8T SRAM cell considered in this paper is comparable with 6T SRAM, having superior read stability. The 9T SRAM cell has superior read and write margins even at extremely scaled supply voltage, VDD. The implication of cell transistor widths on the cell stability and power dissipation are analyzed based on the noise curve technique at VDD=1V. For conventional 6T SRAM, the sensitivity of its 'static power noise margin' (SPNM) to NMOS pull down transistor width (Wdn) is 1.3μW/μm and 5.5μW/μm when Wac=Wpu=0.4μm and 2μm respectively, where Wac and Wpu are the widths of the NMOS access and the PMOS pull up transistors, respectively. For the same 6T cell, the sensitivity of 'write trip power' (WTP) to Wdn is 3.7μW/μm and 3μW/μm when Wac=Wpu=0.4μm and 2μm, respectively.


Water resource is the foundation of social economy activities and subsistence of human beings.Water resource carrying index(RCIwat) reflects the reserves and uses of the water resource in a district,which is a very important ecological index.In this paper,RCIwat is simply explained,and taking Jiaozuo Cyty for example,a method to calculating and analyzing RCIwat is introduced.


Article history: Received 20 March 2017 Received in revised form 22 May 2017 Accepted 14 June 2017 The importance of creating an entrepreneurial university is vital to achieving sustainable national economic growth. Despite numerous studies conducted to elaborate an entrepreneurial university conceptualization, framework and measurement, the results are mostly fragmented and remain at an embryonic stage. The research reported here proposes a systematic framework for an entrepreneurial university as the preliminary stage for further development in research and practice.


An examination is made of the effect of a memoryless nonlinearity acting upon the error in LMS (least-mean-square) adaptation. Results for E(e/sup 2K/) minimization are extended to general nonlinear error adaptation, and equations expressing bounds on step size, time constants, and misadjustment are derived. A general performance factor expressing the improvement in misadjustment over standard LMS adaptation for a given convergence rate is presented. Using the calculus of variations, it is shown that the optimum nonlinearity to minimize misadjustment is -p'(x)/p(x), where p(x) is the probability density function of the uncorrelated plant noise. Comparisons of this result with the Cramer-Rao bound indicate that choice of this nonlinearity yields an asymptotically optimal stochastic gradient algorithm. Simulations verify the result that the optimum nonlinearity for minimizing misadjustment for Laplacian plant noise is sgn(x), and a 3-dB improvement is obtained under these conditions.<<ETX>>


The formal system proposed by Heyting (1930, 1936) became the standard formulation of intuitionistic logic. The inference called ex falso quodlibet, or principle of explosion, according to which anything follows from a contradiction, holds in intuitionistic logic. However, it is not clear that explosion is in accordance with Brouwer's views on the nature of mathematics and its relationship with logic. Indeed, van Atten (2009) argues that a formal system in line with Brouwer's ideas should be a relevance logic. We agree that explosion should not hold in intuitionistic logic, but a relevance logic requires more than the invalidity of explosion. The principle known as ex quodlibet verum, according to which a valid formula follows from anything, should also be rejected by a relevantist. Given ex quodlibet verum, the inference we call weak explosion, according to which any negated proposition follows from a contradiction, is proved in a few steps. Although the same argument against explosion can be also applied against weak explosion, rejecting the latter requires the rejection of ex quodlibet verum. The result is the loss of at least one among reflexivity, monotonicity, and the deduction theorem in a Brouwerian intuitionistic logic, which seems to be an undesirable result.


In order to promote transparency and coherence for language learning, teaching and especially estimate, Council of Europe(CoE)developed the Common European Framework of Reference(CEFR) and European Language Portfolio(ELP).The CEFR and the ELP are one of the most influential documents of the last decade in the fields of language learning and teaching in Europe and elsewhere. It is therefore also very important for the contacts between Europe and China, in educational contact as well as in professional contexts. Key words: Europe; language Skill; The Common European Framework of Reference; European Language Portfolio Resume: Afin de promouvoir la transparence et la coherence pour l'apprentissage, l'enseignement et l'evaluation des langues, le Conseil de l'Europe (CoE) a elabore le Cadre europeen commun de reference (CECR) et le Portfolio europeen des langues (PEL). Le CECR et le PEL sont l'un des documents les plus influents de la derniere decennie dans les domaines de l'apprentissage et de l'enseignement des langues en Europe et ailleurs. Il est donc ainsi tres important pour les contacts entre l'Europe et la Chine, non seulement dans le contexte pedagogique, mais aussi dans des contextes professionnels. Mots-cles : Europe; competences linguistiques; Cadre europeen commun de reference; Portfolio europeen des langues


The question of whether travel demand estimates can be improved through the subdivision of certain traffic analysis zones for the future year projection period is investigated. Because traffic analysis zone systems were likely developed in the 1960s for most regional studies, the larger and less populated zones have probably experienced significant growth over the past 20 to 30 years. Criteria are needed to determine which traffic analysis zones should be subdivided in the process of forecasting future travel and to test whether increasing the number of zones improves the resultant regional forecasts. Subarea techniques have been developed and applied by others in attempts to develop more accurate traffic data for project-specific needs. The subarea approach suffices for project needs, but the adjustments and modifications are not usually fed back into the regional modeling process. Therefore, the time and effort expended in obtaining project data are not applied to the improvement of the overall travel demand forecasts on a studywide or regional basis. Under these conditions, system planning efforts and corridor analyses do not receive the benefit of updated information or system refinements. The findings presented evaluate the improvement in travel forecasts as a result of the subdivision of zones in a regional travel demand model. Link-by-link comparisons of traffic assignments based on the original zone system and the modified zone system are made. Two major sections are provided: (a) the development of techniques to identify zones that are candidates for subdivision and (b) a test of the results of the impact on subsequent traffic assignments for the original and modified zone systems.


presence of infectious sinusitis caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum sensitive to tylosin. (iii) Limitations. Do not use in layers producing eggs for human consumption; administer from 2 to 5 days as sole source of drinking water; treated turkeys should consume enough medicated drinking water to provide 60 milligrams of tylosin per pound of body weight per day; prepare a fresh solution every 3 days; when sinus swelling is present, inject the sinus with tylosin injectable simultaneously with the drinking water treatment; do not administer within 5 days of slaughter. (3) Swine—(i) Amount. 0.25 gram per gallon. (ii) Indications for use. For the control and treatment of swine dysentery (bloody scours) caused by pathogens sensitive to tylosin. (iii) Limitations. As only source of drinking water for 3 to 10 days, depending on the severity of the condition being treated: mix fresh solution daily; medication must be withheld from animals 48 hours prior to slaughter.


In this paper, we describe Si-CMOS compatible parallel plate style TFETs (PP-TFETs) with epitaxially grown Si/SiGe hetero-junction. The guideline of optimum Si/SiGe configuration has been theoretically and experimentally proposed for Nand P-type TFETs respectively. With appropriate SiGe application, significantly enhanced ON current and lowered threshold voltage were demonstrated. In addition, novel architecture utilizing Si and SiGe hybrid tunneling region has been proposed. Finally, extremely suppressed OFF current resulting in superior ON/OFF ratio are achieved both in Nand P-type TFETs. Introduction Tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) have received attention for ultra-low power applications due to its availability of steep sub-threshold slope (S.S.) [1]. Si-based TFET enables simple implementation into common Si CMOS platform. Here, SiGe application [2-6] is one of the promising approaches to boost TFET performance owing to its narrower Eg and higher BTBT rate [7], as well as compatibility with common Si-CMOS platform. Also, hetero-junction system was proposed to enhance Ion without increasing ambipolar OFF current at drain side [4, 6]. On the other hand, TFET operations with current flow parallel to gate electric field have been proposed to enhance tunneling efficiency [6, 8-10]. PP-TFET [10] is one of the approaches. However, appropriate TFET structure for epitaxially grown SiGe hetero-junction and configuration has not been discussed so far. In this paper, PP-TFETs are adopted for Si-based TFET and the guideline of Si/SiGe hetero-junctions formation for complimentary TFETs is discussed. Improved Ion and controlled Vth with avoiding Ioff increase are demonstrated with optimized Si/SiGe hetero configuration. Consideration of Si/SiGe configuration in PP-TFETs Junction formation under gate overlap region determines lateral tunneling currents in conventional TFET (Fig. 1 (a)). Meanwhile, parallel plate tunnel junction creates vertical areal currents under gate electrode in PP-TFETs (Fig. 1 (b)). This is advantageous not only to increase Ion but also to achieve uniform epitaxial growth due to its simple structure for epi-process. Band diagram of Si and SiGe hetero-structure in Nand P-type TFETs indicates optimum configuration of SiGe layers. In order to enhance ON-state BTBT property, source-SiGe (S-SiGe) for N-TFETs and channel-SiGe (Ch-SiGe) for P-TFETs are preferable (Fig. 2). This could be ideal performance booster scheme for Si-based complimentary TFETs (C-TFETs) (Fig. 3). Fabrication of Si/SiGe hetero PP-TFETs In order to experimentally verify the assumption above, various types of Si/SiGe hetero-tunnel junctions were formed in PP-TFETs (Fig. 4). First, for S-SiGe sample, epi-SiGe layer was formed on SOI. Then, source and drain regions were formed by ion implantation technique with activation annealing. Next, for channel-Si (Ch-Si) and Ch-SiGe samples, each epi-channel layer was grown with 3 ~ 6 nm thicknesses. Ge concentration is approximately 38%. After that, very thin Si-cap layers were formed on Ch-SiGe samples followed by gate stack with HfO2/Al2O3 gate dielectrics (EOT = 1.5 nm) and TiN gate electrode formation. Here, source region was extended into under the most of gate region so that gate length (Lg) is almost same as source and gate overlap length (Lov). Table 1 summarizes each epitaxial condition of fabricated PP-TFETs. Both Nand P-type PP-TFETs were fabricated on the same wafers. Figure 5 shows high resolution cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (x-TEM) images of fabricated PP-TFETs. Experimental results and discussion Appropriate Si/SiGe hetero configuration: Figure 6 shows Id-Vg characteristics of N-type TFETs in source-Si (S-Si)/Ch-Si control samples with different Lov (~Lg). Ion increases according to Lov increase. This confirms that tunneling currents is vertically generated at tunnel-junction as expected in figure 1 (b). Figure 7 shows Id-Vg characteristics of (a) P-type and (b) N-type PP-TFETs with various source and channel materials. In P-TFETs, significant Ion improvement and Vth lowering are confirmed in S-Si/Ch-SiGe hetero-junction (#3p), compared to S-Si/Ch-Si sample (#1p). However, limited impact is confirmed in S-SiGe/Ch-Si sample (#2p). On the other hand, in N-TFETs, significant advantage of enhanced Ion and optimized Vth is observed only in S-SiGe/Ch-Si structure (#2n). These behaviors correspond to the previous expectation. This suggests that Si/SiGe hetero-junction in appropriate SiGe configuration is the promising performance booster for Si-based C-TFETs. Furthermore, dramatically enhanced Ion and lowered Vth are achieved with thicker Ch-SiGe device (#4p) in P-type PP-TFETs (Fig. 8). In terms of the current controllability by gate field, thinner epi-ch. could be better [11]. However, the advantage of thicker epi-ch. in this configuration is explained by the contribution of strain effect and weakened quantum confinement effect [6] in the Ch-SiGe layer. Novel architecture for Ioff suppression: Although significantly enhanced Ion and lowered Vth were achieved with appropriate SiGe application, Ioff was simultaneously increased. This impedes the ultra-low power operation. Figure 9 shows the dependence of Id-Vg characteristics on Lov in S-Si/Ch-SiGe samples, indicating no Lov dependency in lower drain current regions. This indicates that parasitic source edge components, which occur at source to gate underlap region, determine Ioff [6]. The alignment of gate to source edge brings serious trade-off between Ion and Ioff (S.S.) degradation. If the source edge extends beyond the gate edge, Ion degrades due to potential barrier from the ungated source region. In order to overcome the trade-off, novel architecture with hybrid Si and SiGe tunnel-junction has been proposed for the first time (Fig. 10). SiGe layers were patterned by wet etching (SC1 chemistry) so as to underlap to the source edge. This structure enables enhanced vertical tunneling current by Si/SiGe hetero-junction (higher BTBT rate), with suppressing parasitic source edge component by Si/Si homo-junction (lower BTBT rate). Figure 11 shows Id-Vg characteristics of fabricated (a) P-type and (b) N-type hybrid Si and SiGe PP-TFETs and conventional Si or SiGe PP-TFETs. Much suppressed Ioff with improved S.S. are successfully demonstrated with hybrid Si and SiGe PP-TFETs. It should be noted that gate leakage current (Ig) are also well suppressed with maintaining relatively thick EOT. This Ioff level is 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of reported Si/SiGe hetero TFETs so far (Table 2). Conclusion Si/SiGe hetero PP-TFETs have been widely evaluated in consideration of appropriate SiGe configuration. It was confirmed that SiGe layer must be applied into source region in N-TFET and channel region in P-TFET respectively. Under this guideline, significantly large enhancement of Ion and Vth shift have been achieved both in Pand N-TFETs. Also, novel architecture with hybrid Si and SiGe PP-TFETs were proposed and demonstrated extremely low Ioff resulting in prominent Ion/Ioff ratio. This enables the realization of Si-based C-TFETs with current Si CMOS platform for ultra-low power applications. Acknowledgement This research was partially granted by JSPS through FIRST Program initiated by CSTP, Japan. Extended Abstracts of the 2014 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials, Tsukuba, 2014, 852 J-3-5L pp852-853


Normative data on plasma amine oxidase activity were obtained for four primate species, M. mulatta, M. arctoides, C. aethiops and H. sapiens. Significant between‐species differences in activity were observed. In a large sample of M. mulatta, no significant relationship between age and plasma amine oxidase activity was observed, but adult males had significantly higher enzyme activities than adult females.


A description is given of the Self-Repairing Flight Control System Program, which began in 1984. The program objective was to improve the reliability, maintainability, survivability, and life cycle cost of aircraft flight control systems through aerodynamic reconfiguration and maintenance diagnostics. A description is given of the four program tasks designed to satisfy the objective. Reconfiguration technology development for future fighters addresses the reliability, survivability, and life-cycle cost objectives. Maintenance diagnostics tasks address the maintainability objective. The proof of concept flight demonstration and advanced flight demonstration tasks support the transition to new weapon systems. The technology is being applied to current and advanced fighter aircraft through feasibility studies, development studies, design criteria development, ground simulations field demonstrations, and fighter flight tests.<<ETX>>


Innovation education is new mode of education for developing talents with innovation spirit,which is the idea and practice of education that is adapting to contemporary development of economy and science and technology.Chinese Innovation education in college has many shortcomings,while it is starting late and developing slow.This paper mainly expounds the current situation of Chinese innovation education in college,combining with the college education reality,and discusses the development path about innovation of education.


"The Papacy, the Sicilian Church, and King Frederick III (1302-1321)." Frederick III, who emerged shakily from the war of the Sicilian Vespers as the new ruler, sought to shore up his political position by allying himself with the Sicilian church, which had suffered great damage during the conflict. This policy, common enough in the Middle Ages, was complicated by several factors: the government's need to appeal as well to the inland barons, who had been the chief attackers of ecclesiastical holdings; Catalan demands for various postings and privileges at a time of particularly strong Sicilian xenophobia; Sicily's unexpected acquisition of the duchy of Athens, which gave new urgency to papal and Angevin attempts to remove Frederick from power; and the support found at court and among the populace for the heterodox Franciscan Spirituals, at least some of whom believed Frederick to be the prophesied king who would inaugurate the final age before the Second Coming of Christ. Royal-ecclesiastical relations af...


In this article, we give the optimal lower bound for the complexity function of a planar translation which induces an ergodic rotation of the torus ℝ2/ℤ2. In addition, we give an explicit calculation of this complexity for the application (x, y) ↦ (x+1/ϕ2, y+x−1/(2ϕ3)), where ϕ is the golden mean.


In practice, worm surfaces are most often shaped as cone-derivative helical surfaces. Much less often, due to engineering difficulties, torus-derivative or other helical surfaces are used. Whereas, worms are most commonly machined with rotary tools by the hobbing method, whereby the tool action surface and the machined surface (being mutually enveloping) contact with each other over the entire profile height. In the case of the step-by-step method, the tool is a small-diameter finger mill, whose action surface is coupled with the surface being machined, thus it is an universal tool. As a result, it is possible to shape a helical surface with a preset arbitrary axial profile using the same tool. The machining is carried out in many passes on a CNC machine tool. The paper discusses the determination of the parameters of tool setting in the worm axial plane for the programming of a CNC machine tool.


Goal: to assess the impact of environmentally hazardous factors on the formation of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children.
Materials and methods: 108 children aged 1-18 were engaged in the study. The AD severity was analyzed based on the
SCORAD index, data from the medical history and frequency of development of complications in children depending
on the place of their residence. The elemental composition of hair was analyzed to assess the impact of anthropogenic
pollution on childrens organisms. The Southeastern Administrative District (SEAD), which is unfavorable in terms of
ecologic environment, and Western Administrative District (WAD) in Moscow, which is free of any human-induced
pollution, were chosen as comparison areas.
Results: More severe forms of AD in terms of clinical manifestations prevailed in children residing in the SEAD. The number of
exacerbations per year was three times as high as the same index in children from the WAD, and there was no trend towards
seasonality. The course of AD in children permanently residing in the district with human-induced pollution was characterized by
complications with the accumulation of toxic elements in hair against the background of deficiency of essential elements as well
as increased elimination of calcium from organisms resulting in low adaptive regulatory mechanisms.
Conclusion: when children suffering from AD reside in a highly polluted area on a regular basis, this results in chronic
intoxication of their organisms with heavy metals, which leads to deficiency of essential elements, reduction of adaptive
mechanisms and severe course of dermatitis.


A noticeable shift of interest for hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is ongoing from flavour-active beer constituents to health-beneficial properties of prenylchalcones, mainly desmethylxanthohumol and xanthohumol. Desmethylxanthohumol serves as a pro-estrogen, since it is readily isomerized to 8-prenylnaringenin, the most potent phytoestrogen currently known, while xanthohumol shows an exceptionally broad spectrum of inhibition mechanisms at all stages of carcinogenesis. However, the low availability of the target compounds in hop glandular trichomes prevents the widespread exploitation of the biological properties of these two compounds. A detailed characterization of genes and regulatory elements in the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to prenylchalcones should contribute to a better understanding of the synthesis of bioactive components in hop. Two hop genes displaying similarities to genes of the prenylpropanoid pathway and one transcription factor were identified by combining a cDNA-AFLP screen of hop cones, cDNA-library screening and Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) approaches. In order to carry out a functional analysis of these genes, gene-transfer experiments are currently being carried out using an Agrobacterium-mediated protocol.


Fast and accurate mitigation of dynamic instabilities resulting from grid faults is critical for the safe and reliable operation of microgrids. This paper proposes a non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control (NFTSMC)-based approach to enhance the dynamic stability of wind energy conversion system-based microgrids. The approach combines the fast convergence and robustness of NFTSMC with the fast current controllability of static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) to provide reactive power support and stabilize the grid voltage in the presence of grid faults and mismatched disturbances. The stability of the NFTSMC approach is established using the Lyapunov stability theory. The control approach is implemented in a test microgrid system and assessed in the presence of mismatched disturbances and a symmetrical grid fault. Its dynamic performance is also compared to that of a standard sliding mode controller. The obtained results confirmed the ability of the proposed scheme to effectively mitigate dynamic instabilities resulting from grid faults and provide grid support under faulty conditions.


The goal of this presentation is to analyze the equality mechanism of cooperating morphisms of free monoids, and to point out how it can be used to define the reachability problems leading to important undecidability results and easy characterizations of recursively enumerable languages. In particular, we aim to show, which subconstructions are needed in such results. Moreover, we recall that in some cases the undecidability of the reachability is achieved although the sets of all reachable objects are simple, or more formally, regular languages.


We give a sucient condition for a bilateral weighted shift to be hypercyclic in the weak topology. Using this condition, we provide one such shift that fails to be hypercyclic in the norm topology. Even more interesting, the shift is bounded below by 1 and consequently every vector has a norm increasing orbit. This result provides a negative answer to a natural question raised by Feldman who asked whether every weakly hypercyclic operator is necessarily norm hypercyclic. On the other hand, if the operator is a unilat- eral weighted backward shift, we prove the answer is positive. Furthermore, with a simple condition on the weights, there exists a weakly hypercyclic vector that is not a norm hypercyclic vector.


The effect of temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity on magneto hydrodynamic flow, heat and mass transfer of an incompressible micropolar fluid past an accelerated infinite vertical plate is studied where the viscosity and thermal conductivity are assumed to be inverse linear functions of temperature. The partial differential equations governing the flow, heat and mass transfer of the problem are transformed into dimensionless form of ordinary differential equations by using similarity substitutions. The governing boundary value problems are then solved numerically using shooting method. The effects of various parameters viz. viscosity parameter, thermal conductivity parameter, mass transfer parameter, coupling constant parameter, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Grashoff number, Reynolds number and magnetic parameter on velocity, micro-rotation, temperature and concentration field are obtained and presented graphically. The Skinfriction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also computed and presented in table. © 2016 Elixir All rights reserved. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received: 17 June 2015; Received in revised form: 17 July 2016; Accepted: 23 July 2016;


"Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly being developed and various applications are already used in medical practice. This development promises improvements in prediction, diagnostics and treatment decisions. As one example, in the field of psychiatry, AI systems can already successfully detect markers of mental disorders such as depression. By using data from social media (e.g. Instagram or Twitter), users who are at risk of mental disorders can be identified. This potential of AI-based depression detectors (AIDD) opens chances, such as quick and inexpensive diagnoses, but also leads to ethical challenges especially regarding users' autonomy. The focus of the presentation is on autonomy-related ethical implications of AI systems using social media data to identify users with a high risk of suffering from depression. First, technical examples and potential usage scenarios of AIDD are introduced. Second, it is demonstrated that the traditional concept of patient autonomy according to Beauchamp and Childress does not fully account for the ethical implications associated with AIDD. Third, an extended concept of "Health-Related Digital Autonomy" (HRDA) is presented. Conceptual aspects and normative criteria of HRDA are discussed. As a result, HRDA covers the elusive area between social media users and patients. "


Background: Every woman at some stage or other experience menstrual disturbances, and these can and often affect their routine. Being a woman I experienced them and found relief when I took up yoga. This prompted me to carry out this study. Material and Methods: 50 women were included in the study and provided regular yoga classes for 6 months. A questionnaire was filled before starting and after completion, to assess the effects of Yoga. Result: 38 women who continued with regular Yoga exercises, reported positive effects and significant symptomatic relief. 12 women who were irregular. or discontinued with yoga exercises did not show significant relief of their systems. Conclusion: A Yoga programme containing Asan, Pranayam, Relaxation and Concentration techniques, is formulated for treatment and prevention of Gynaec issues. [Tejwani N NJIRM 2015; 6(1):45-48]


Objective To study the antitumor activities of Huanglianjiedu Decoction(HLJDT) in vivo and in vitro. Methods Antitumor activities were tested in mice with experimental tumor S180 and MFC in vivo, thymus index, spleen index, tumor inhibitory rate were evaluated. Cell proliferation was assayed by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method in vitro. S180, MFC, SGC-7901 and SMMC-7721 cancer cells were incubated in culture media containing HLJDT. Results HLJDT showed a Antitumor activities on S180 and MFC in vivo. All of the HLJDT in different dosage groups could highly inhibit the proliferation of 4 cancer cells. Conclusion The HLJDT could inhibit the tumor S180, MFC in mice, the drug has obvious anticancer effects against S180, MFC, SGC-7901 and SMMC-7721.


MAN1 at the nuclear envelope may block TGF-β signaling by stimulating dephosphorylation of the Smad transcription factors. Stopping the Signal from Going Nuclear Activation of cell surface receptors for transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) results in changes in gene expression mediated by the transcription factors Smad2 and Smad3. Bourgeois et al. examined how the nuclear membrane protein MAN1 inhibits TGF-β signaling. Modeling, biochemical assays, and cellular assays revealed that MAN1 prevented Smad2 and Smad3 from binding to purified and cellular transcription factor FAST1 (forkhead activin signal transducer 1) and to cellular Smad4, the latter of which promotes transcription regulation by Smad2 and Smad3. In addition, in vitro assays indicated that MAN1 could facilitate the dephosphorylation and inactivation of Smad2 and Smad3 by the phosphatase PPM1A. These results may help to explain why individuals deficient in the gene encoding MAN1 have developmental defects suggestive of aberrant TGF-β signaling. Signaling by transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) is critical for various developmental processes and culminates in the activation of the transcription factors Smad2 and Smad3. MAN1, an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane, inhibits TGF-β signaling by binding to Smad2 and Smad3. Depletion of the gene LEMD3 encoding MAN1 leads to developmental anomalies in mice, and heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in LEMD3 in humans cause sclerosing bone dysplasia. We modeled the three-dimensional structure of the MAN1-Smad2 complex from nuclear magnetic resonance and small-angle x-ray scattering data. As predicted by this model, we found that MAN1 competed in vitro and in cells with the transcription factor FAST1 (forkhead activin signal transducer 1) for binding to Smad2. The model further predicted that MAN1 bound to activated Smad2-Smad4 or Smad3-Smad4 complexes, which was confirmed by in vitro experiments; however, in cells, MAN1 bound only to Smad2 and Smad3 and not to the Smad4-containing complexes. Overexpression of MAN1 led to dephosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3, thus hindering their recognition by Smad4, and MAN1 bound directly in vitro to the phosphatase PPM1A, which catalyzes the dephosphorylation of Smad2/3. These results demonstrate a nuclear envelope–localized mechanism of inactivating TGF-β signaling in which MAN1 competes with transcription factors for binding to Smad2 and Smad3 and facilitates their dephosphorylation by PPM1A.


The purpose of this study was to determine the mortality risk among Japanese men and women with height loss starting in middle age, taking into account lifestyle and physical factors.


Abstract: Detergent extraction of brain slices and mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells was performed to determine rates and relative amounts of extraction of inositol versus the glycolytic enzymes. The two detergents, Triton X‐100 and Brij 58, led to similar results for extraction of myo‐inositol. The extraction of enzymes from brain slices or cells varied with the detergent. In brain slices, a buffered solution containing 0.2% of the detergent Brij 58 led to the extraction of 85% of the inositol before 3% of the aldolase or before 37% of either lactate dehydrogenase or triose phosphate isomerase was extracted. In contrast, with 0.1% Triton X‐100 in isotonic phosphate‐buffered saline, when 70% of the inositol was extracted, 33% of the aldolase and 48% of the triose phosphate isomerase were extracted. Lesser amounts of aldolase and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase were extracted than most of the other glycolytic enzymes under all conditions, implying that these enzymes may be interacting with nonextractable subcellular components. In 3T3 cells, both detergents were of similar effectiveness for inositol extraction. Triton X‐100 caused 89% of the inositol to be released and Brij 58 caused 84% to be released. With the enzymes, Brij 58 caused between 15 and 38% extraction and Triton X‐100 caused between 61 and 85% extraction of the different glycolytic enzymes. Thus Brij 58 was as effective as Triton X‐100 in inositol extraction but not nearly as effective in glycolytic enzyme extraction. The results demonstrate that inositol leakage from tissues or cells is a better indicator of detergent‐mediated alterations in membrane porosity than glycolytic enzyme leakage. In addition, it may be suggested that Brij 58 caused plasma membrane perforations prior to destruction of the cytomatrix, whereas Triton X‐100 appeared to affect both the membrane integrity and the cytomatrix as indicated by dramatic losses of both inositol and glycolytic enzymes. This distinction between detergents should be considered and used to advantage in the design of histochemical, immunocytochemical, or further biochemical studies.


Having done a thorough study of papers focusing on moral education in EducationalSciences printed by the People's University,and also their important quoted works,we can divide the theoretical development of moral education into three phases: the scientization period of theoretical study on moral education(1981-1988),the modernization period(1989-1998);and the humanization period(1998-2005).


: This article aims to explain the use of the biological collection of microscope slides containing pollen from Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and spores of bryophytes, ferns and lycophytes, or Palynotheca, and the respective three-dimensional models, as a strategy for didactic representation of components of plant biodiversity that are not visible to the naked eye, which can help to reduce "botanical blindness". This phenomenon occurs due to the difficulty of human beings in establishing a direct relationship with plants. By relating theory to practice, in a continuous discovery approach, students are interested. The use of technological equipment such as optical microscopes and stereomicroscope and the existence of an organized collection with microscope slides containing pollen grains and spores characteristic of several botanical families facilitates morphological and taxonomic learning in the classroom and in Environmental Education events. In addition, the use of three-dimensional anatomical and morphological models as a tangible didactic resource and facilitator in the perception and understanding of microscopic plant shapes and structures can help when microscope slides and microscopes are not available. Despite being incipient, the use of both resources has shown relevant results in the teaching of Biology as a concrete and contextualized strategy for the inclusion of plants in the school routine and in the dissemination to the general public, including the visually impaired, providing a playful and significant information on the contents of Botany. In addition, Palynotheca is fundamental for the development of research in various branches of scientific investigation.


This paper presents a simple and cost-effective method for fabricating multifunctional paper-based strain sensor via screen printing technique for wearable device applications. The novel composite material utilized in this work comprises of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) and Polydimethyl-siloxane(PDMS) which acts as a piezoresistive material to sense the strain. The MWCNT/PDMS composite was prepared through evaporation technique with Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the dispersion solvent. The 5wt% MWCNT composite exhibited good printability on the commercial photo printing paper. The fabricated paper-based strain sensor was examined with human finger motion and it exhibited linear electrical resistance change under different strain conditions and also showed excellent mechanical stability under various bending radius from 20 to 5mm. These characteristics demonstrates the suitability of paper based strain sensor for human motion monitoring in wearable electronics applications.


Since 2012 I experiment in an international opera production environement and in collaboration with post-grade programmes a Research with Milca Leon: Application of Laban/Bartenieff movement principles in creating and staging the operatic character.


Corynebacterium species are often treated as contaminants. However, there were several recent outbreaks involving Corynebacterium species reported across the globe. We report a rare case of Corynebacterium simulans causes infective endocarditis which led to debilitating embolic events. A 39-year-old lady presented with a prolonged fever for three weeks. She was in septic shock and had dense right hemiplegia, a pansystolic murmur at the mitral area and hepatosplenomegaly. There were no peripheral stigmata of infective endocarditis. An urgent computed tomography (CT) of the brain showed an infarct at the left corona radiata extending to the left parietal, left basal ganglia and left temporal lobe. She deteriorated and required mechanical ventilation and intensive care. Echocardiogram showed vegetation at both her anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflets leading to severe mitral regurgitation. Splenic infarction was seen in her contrasted computed tomography (CECT) of her abdomen. Her three samples of blood culture were positive for Corynebacterium simulans. She deteriorated rapidly and went into multi-organ failure and succumbed. Corynebacterium species should be taken seriously and should not be neglected as a contaminant as it can cause potentially fatal complications as described in this case report.


Wastewaters from fish-canning industries have a high concentration of organic polluting substances (10-50 g chemical oxygen demand L_1 [COD]) and, in some cases, a high content of sea salts (CL: 8-19 g L-', Na+: 5-12 g L\ SO^": 0.6-2.7 g L"1). The presence of high sodium ion concentrations in wastewaters with high organic content traditionally is considered as a very negative factor for their anaerobic treatment. In fact, both the presence of Na+ and SO4-, transformed into H2S during the anaerobic degradation process, may cause toxicity and inhibition on the methanogenic process. This work deals with the operation and treatment efficiency of two lab-scale mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic filters (MAF and TAF, respectively). So that the adaptation of anaerobic sludge to high saline concentrations is attained, a prolonged start-up period of about nine months was necessary. After this, a stable operation and similar treatment efficiencies were reached, even when organic loading rate (OLR) as high as 9 kg COD irT3 d"1 (TAF) or 24 kg COD irT3 d_1 (MAF) were applied at chloride concentration of 13 g L-1. At these conditions, the COD removal reached 73% (TAF) and 64% (MAF), and the COD methanized reached 69% (TAF) and 66% (MAF). The sulphate in the influent was removed practically completely, leading to a H2S concentration in the biogas between 3-4%. In spite of the lower specific activity of sludge from MAF (0.21 g COD g"1 volatile suspended solids [VSS] d_1) than from TAF (0.66), the MAF reached a higher OLR than TAF. This fact can be explained because of the higher retention of sludge into MAF (72 g VSS L"1) than TAF (10 g VSS L_1). Two practical conclusions may be derived from this work: the thermophilic operation needs the use of a packing material with a higher capacity to retain biomass and the mesophilic operation requires a more frequent detachment of biomass from the support in order to avoid clogging problems. Water Environ. Res., 66, 000 (1994).


The investigation analyzed the syntactic effects of Some Name of Bono Kingdom. The analysis took into consideration one hundred and twenty (120) respondents as the population sample with an equal gender distribution of sixty (60). The purposive sampling technique was employed to elicit essential information for the investigation. Unstructured interviews, observation, and recording were the data collection instrument. The syntax processes were discovered as the effects of Some Names of the Deities in the Bono Kingdom. Some of these effects were phrases, clauses, simple sentences, complex sentences, and compound sentences as well as clausal truncation. The dependent and independent clauses were also outlined. This investigation had X – Bar Theory propounded by Noam Chomsky (1957) as its reference point. It was finally realized that the effects of syntax on the Names of Deities in the Bono Kingdom were fundamental in the Akan setup.


In recent years, medieval studies has seen a flourishing of new ecocritical and environmental inquiries to literature, art, and culture. These new approaches, drawing upon the material, spatial , and post-human turns in humanities research, have directed scholarly attention to representations and histories of the nonhuman, and to the inarguable necessity of studying both human/human and human/non-human interactions in texts and cultures. Medieval Ecocriticisms is the first regular venue dedicated to medieval ecocritical studies, and seeks out the most current and innovative interdisciplinary approaches to the study of literature and the environment in the global Middle Ages.


Bonnet macaques are old world monkeys and endemic to southern India. These animals constantly get into human settlements causing constant leading to human animal conflict. The study was carried out on 30 clinical cases of Bonnet Macaque of either sex referred for various surgical procedures. This paper aims at presenting a standard protocol of immobilizing bonnet macaques with injection ketamine hydrochloride. Time taken for ataxia was shorter 2.28 ± 0.22. Time for induction was 3.55 ± 0.10 minutes. The duration of anaesthesia was 39.50 ± 0.48 minutes. The mean recovery time was 44.17 ± 0.51 minutes. The quality of anaesthesia was smooth and uneventful. This clinical evaluation of ketamine hydrochloride for immobilization in bonnet macaques has been taken as a standard and can be used for immobilization in field conditions also.


Measurements of partial discharge (PD) in models of impregnated polypropylene capacitors with and without specific defects have been conducted. Two different regimes of discharges (in the liquid and in gas bubbles) are illustrated. The effect of temperature on the decrease of the insulation property is underlined. Four specific defects have been artificially introduced in the test cell (poor impregnation, bad contact, fold in the polypropylene (PP) film, cavity). The relevance of parameters such as skewness and kurtosis to characterize PD distributions is discussed. New parameters based upon the mean position of the PD in the voltage phase are proposed for a better recognition of the defects inducing PD.


Survival curves were established for Escherichia coli b/r (CSH). Cells were then inoculated into media containing 50, 100, 200, and 300 mu g/ml of 5- bromodeoxyuridine (5-BUDR). Treatment with increasing amounts of 5-BUDR was followed by a decrease in radioresistance. A second series of cultures was supplemented with 100 mu g/ml of 5BUDR during log phase. A decrease in radioresistance proportional to the number of cell divisions in the presence of 5- BUDR was observed. (H.M.G.)


As the quality of building energy management systems has been taken seriously by more and more people, finding an efficient way to gather and release information for the system is of great importance. Compared with the wired monitoring system, the wireless system has many advantages, such as flexibility and economy, when applied in buildings. However, most wireless monitoring systems are composed of nodes with different functions and the communication protocols are not standard or transparent, which, therefore, is difficult to track the malfunctions and complicated for unprofessional users. In order to promote standardization of wireless networks applied in buildings and making it easier to manage and extend, the current article has developed a self-organized wireless network based on the Wi-Fi Direct technology to monitor the environment for large-scale buildings. In this network, all the nodes are identical in function and the communication is based on the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A distribute data processing mechanism to rectify the outliers is utilized in the network. The performance of the proposed network has been testified through both simulations and experiments. The results have shown that the proposed monitoring system has advantages, such as dynamic in structure, easy to extend, transparent in communication, and distributed in data processing.


The focus of this paper is on the DESENT project, which aims to develop, test and disseminate a comprehensive decision support system for smart energy and transport in cities. Transport energy consumption modelling, building supply and energy demand tools are combined to provide a common decision support system for appraisal of city-wide energy use. The system will be set up as planning toolbox that consists of several models and tools providing different functionalities to show actual data for energy demand and transport energy demand and furthermore allow to predict the energy demand on building and city level for future planning scenarios. Thus, the relationships between sustainability objectives, transport, spatial design of the built environment and rational use of energy are considered.
The paper describes the concept and structure of the planning toolbox and its models and tools developed so far. Furthermore, it outlines methodologies developed and the data acquisition process for the city of Weiz, which serves as one of the pilot cities in the project.
Keywords: energy demand prediction, smart city development, transport energy demand, uncertain supply, optimal energy distribution
The focus of this paper is on the DESENT project, which aims to develop, test and disseminate a comprehensive decision support system for smart energy and transport in cities. Transport energy consumption modelling, building supply and energy demand tools are combined to provide a common decision support system for appraisal of city-wide energy use. The system will be set up as planning toolbox that consists of several models and tools providing different functionalities to show actual data for energy demand and transport energy demand and furthermore allow to predict the energy demand on building and city level for future planning scenarios. Thus, the relationships between sustainability objectives, transport, spatial design of the built environment and rational use of energy are considered.
The paper describes the concept and structure of the planning toolbox and its models and tools developed so far. Furthermore, it outlines methodologies developed and the data acquisition process for the city of Weiz, which serves as one of the pilot cities in the project.


Abstract This article reviews the postoperative complications following pulmonary resections, which vary according to the type of procedure and the time elapsed since surgery was performed. Early complications include atelectasis, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, bronchopleural fistula, empyema, and less frequent conditions such as cardiac herniation and lung torsion and herniation. Among late complications are postpneumonectomy syndrome, recurrent tumor, and late empyema. The relative low diagnostic accuracy of chest radiography in detecting these complications can be improved with CT, as well as a knowledge of the clinical settings in which specific complications are likely to occur.


In this paper, we firstly focus on the cost of investment opportunity which caused by equity investors who apply Markowitz's meanvariance model to substitute expected effect optimization model when the return of equity deviate from normal distribution. For the investors who have constant riskaversion coefficient, we choose biased random variables Γ distribution to simulate the distinct skewness and turtosis of asset return, and we derivate investors opportunity cost. Then we use the method to analysis the Shanghai stock market, we find differences with Simann's results. When all assets are risky and there are riskfree assets exist, investors' opportunity cost decreases along with the increase of the capital. In such a situation, opportunity cost does affect investors but the affection is not remarkable. Investors can apply meanvariance analysis to investment decision process in practice.


In accordance with the psychoanalytical triad of reality orders, Imaginary, Symbolic, and Real, the paper will deconstruct death as a three-fold philosophical model which in cultural reality appears as a logical sequence of metaphysical, physical, and ritual events. This model aims to present the psychoanalytic counterpart to anthropological findings on death as the process of rites of passage, comprising separation, transition, and reincorporation phases. The paper asserts that any cultural ideation of death never really deals with death itself, but with the manner in which death is affirmed as "life with without-living". The impossibility of thinking of a (Real) corpse without its reference to the Symbolic and Imaginary levels of existence is debunked when one has to deal with "life with without without-living" – the (Real) living existence, as if not supported by the Symbolic and Imaginary, which, we propose happened to former Slovene president Janez Drnovsek.


Background: The most common renal disease in Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) is tubulo-interstitial nephritis, which is responsible for renal tubular acidosis type 1 (RTA-1) in around 20% of patients. Osteomalacia rarely occurs as the first manifestation of a renal tubule disorder due to a connective tissue disease such as SjS.
Results and conclusion: We report a 47-year-old woman with tubular acidosis induced osteomalacia. The tubular acidosis was a result of renal involvement in SjS. Improvement was obtained with vitamin D, calcium, and high-dose steroid therapy. These findings suggest that evidence for SjS should be sought in adult patients with unexplained osteomalacia and renal tubular acidosis, even in the absence of subjective sicca syndrome. Conversely, in patients with SjS, early investigation and treatment of renal tubular dysfunction may prevent future complications, such as osteomalacia.


The energy spectra and angular distributions of the ..cap alpha.. particles emitted in the reactions of 69.5 MeV /sup 12/C bombarding /sup 12/C, /sup 27/Al, and /sup nat/Ca have been measured and analyzed using the fast-particle exciton model. The contribution from the equilibrium and pre-equilibrium ..cap alpha.. emissions is calculated to be 89%, 81%, and 83% of the total ..cap alpha.. yields for the three reactions, respectively, where the pre-equilibrium ..cap alpha.. emissions are 11%, 14%, and 16%, respectively. A small contribution comes from other reaction mechanisms.


In order to let all students be successful,Jining No.1 High School presents a cross-century view about the ways of running a school.The paper states that the traditional education thought should be changed,teaching reform strengthened,traditional morality education improved,a contigent of teachers with high morality,great learning and ability set up,effective measures taken,quality-oriented education carried out,modern education atmosphere created for the students,and solid basis laid for the success of the students.Moreover,students should be guided in their study and encouraged to make innovations.


Legumes can increase the growth and P (phosphorus) uptake of the following cereals which may be related to mobilization of P during the growth of the legumes. This study is part of a project to investigate the mechanisms by which legumes increase growth and P uptake of the following wheat. In a pot experiment, faba bean, chick pea, narrow-leafed lupin, yellow lupin and white lupin were grown in a loamy sand soil with low P availability (resin P 4.5 mg P/kg) with addition of 80 mg P/kg as KH 2PO 4 and harvested at flowering and maturity. At maturity, growth decreased in the following order: faba bean > chickpea > narrow-leafed lupin > white lupin > yellow lupin. The depletion of labile P pools (resin P and NaHCO 3-Pi) was greatest in the rhizosphere of faba bean, while sparingly available P pools, particularly residual P, were most strongly depleted in the rhizosphere of white lupin. The results suggest that these legumes could differentially affect the dynamics of organic and inorganic P pools and the capacity of the following wheat to utilise these pools.


Free-roaming dogs (Canis familiaris) may be viewed positively or negatively within their communities. Negative aspects of the presence of free-roaming dogs include noise, fouling, disease transmission, dog-bite injuries, road traffic accidents and potential hybridisation with endangered wildlife species. Due to these concerns, control of free-roaming dog populations may be required. Surgical sterilisation of free-roaming dogs through the implementation of 'trap-neuter-return' (TNR), initiatives is often recommended as a welfare-friendly method of dog population control. Welfare assessments in TNR are often absent. Where they do exist they may rely upon proxy assessment, or be limited to relatively few measures of health status. As a result, there is a paucity of literature regarding the welfare impacts of surgical control of canine populations despite this practice often being promoted for animal welfare reasons. We outline the primary welfare issues associated with surgical population control of free-roaming dogs, suggest steps that may be taken to mitigate these problems and discuss barriers to improving dog welfare in TNR. Many opportunities for welfare problems exist within the spectrum of surgical TNR initiatives. We recommend that further research is needed to set appropriate standards for surgical approaches to free-roaming dog population management.


Considering the capital benefit that exists in the supply chain channel, this article did a research on the transfer pricing policies based on ROI (retailer-owned inventory) and WOI-d (wholesaler-owned inventory with consignment) assumptions by applying price markup opinion. Furthermore, it also made a comparison research for different profit functions and concluded that when capital annual opportunity cost per unit in the retailer didn't equal to that in the supplier, different transfer price and lot size might provide the decision maker a hedging opportunity, and which was the very reason that caused the distortion of transfer price and lot size decisions.


EDITOR—Hearnshaw and Glasziou and Chalmers have made points I would have made myself had my time not been taken with writing ethics applications.1 2

I am currently coordinating a qualitative investigation into the attitudes of Asian families to child and adolescent mental health problems and services. Because the research involves service users, non-patient members of …


(AUDIO) In this five-minute podcast, the co-chair of an American College of Rheumatology task force talks about how it identified procedures that may be unnecessary and overused, and what this means for physicians and patients.