In this study, the investigator wants to make an important contribution to the literature by demonstrating that resilience and parenting styles made a significant effect on the problem solving ability of adolescents. Problem solving ability test was constructed by the investigator. Parenting scale developed and standardized by Bharadwaj, Sharma and Garg (1998), Resilience Scale (RS-14) for Adolescents by Wagnild (2011) was used by the investigator. Random and purposive sampling technique was employed for data collection from 500 adolescents grouped in 17 age group ( 17 include 17+ to 19 age adolescents). Significant differences were found in Problem solving ability and Parenting styles of adolescents. No significant difference between the Resilience of adolescents with 17 age group were found. Interaction between parenting styles and resilience with regard to problem solving ability was found significant to some extent from the results of analysis of variance.

 Key words: Problem solving ability, parenting styles, resilience.


Microservices Architectures (MSAs) have emerged as a prominent architectural pattern for building highly available, scalable, and performant cloud applications. While functional requirements vary across applications, non-functional requirements (related to operational quality) are frequently shared across businesses and domains. In this paper, we review the latest and most relevant work on the prevalent NFRs (nonfunctional requirements) pertaining to cloud MSAs, as these are instrumental to any modern cloud application. When it comes to the implementation of cloud MSAs, there are multiple architectural patterns to choose from. We conduct research on the patterns while keeping the context of the NFRs in mind in order to select the appropriate pattern to handle the NFRs for the application. The objective of this work is to document the NFRs, the challenges posed by them to the cloud native system design, and how the various architectural patterns in the cloud can work to meet these non-functional requirements (NFRs) of an application and aid the application development process in a cloud environment.


With using the high-grade refractory, such as Sialon, and special adhesives as well as the relative producing and sintering processes, the contrary between heat stability and erosin and corrosion resistance can be solved. Then it can make Al2O3 - ZrO2 - C long nozzle to be used directly without baking.Therefore,the operation can be simplified and the life can be extended.


This study aims to investigate the relationships between the COVID-19 phobia experienced by school administrators and their work–family conflict, family–work conflict, and life satisfaction. This descriptive research, designed according to the relational survey model, was conducted with the participation of 356 school administrators. The study data were collected through online questionnaires, and then t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and simple linear regression analysis were employed for the statistical analyses. The results revealed that female school administrators experienced greater levels of COVID-19 phobia than their male peers and that COVID-19 phobia is felt more intensely in the psychological and social sub-dimensions. However, female school administrators' life satisfaction levels were significantly higher than those of male school administrators. In the current study, it was determined that school administrators in the younger age group experienced greater levels of COVID-19 phobia and family–work/work–family conflict than their peers from other age groups. The results of this study revealed a positive and moderate relationship between school administrators' COVID-19 phobia and their levels of both work–family and family–work conflict. The findings of the study offer significant implications for policy makers in education, showing the importance of developing strategies that will reduce the effects of the pandemic for a more sustainable and efficient employee performance.


For moslem community, da'wah hold essential role with the importance for with development, and even that da'wah the reality is development. Amends and don't it a community (ummat) really hinges on intensity and da'wah quality that did by moslems. With da'wah moslems can get role in engineers the moslem community social living well in social, economy, culture, politics, even it's no impossible will make them as " trend setted " and main factor and actor in changed social development. Da'wah constitutes aware job in order to uphold justice, increasing welfare, enriching equation, and reaches happiness.


Albert West died suddenly on 20 August 2001. After qualifying MBChB (1958) in Birmingham he trained in psychiatry in Manchester under Professor E. W. Anderson. In the early 1960s the Manchester School was noted for a phenomenological approach that left Albert confident and well qualified to practise


【Objective】 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of application rates of normal urea (NU) and controlled release urea (CU) on ear leaf senescence,yield and economic benefit of summer maize under different water conditions. 【Method】 Five nitrogen rates and two irrigation levels were designed to investigate the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on photosynthetic rate,superoxide dismutase (SOD),peroxidase (POD),catalase (CAT),malondialdehyde (MDA) content and soluble protein content in maize ear leaves after anthesis,and their relationship with grain yield and economic benefit. 【Result】 At the same irrigation level,net photosynthetic rate of maize applied with controlled CU was lower (P 0.05) than that applied with NU at anthesis,but the situation was just contrary after anthesis. At the same nitrogen level,compared with the NU,CU can significantly increase water content,activities of SOD,POD and CAT,and the content of soluble protein in ear leaves,but reduce MDA content. So,the grain yield and economic benefit of maize applied with CU was higher than that applied with NU,and irrigation is beneficial to improve the superiority of CU. But because of the higher cost of CU,when higher CU were used with irrigation,the economic benefit was lower than NU. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the NU,the positive coupling effect of CU might be caused by the higher SOD,POD and CAT activities and soluble protein content,and the lower MDA content after anthesis,which could delay the senescence and increase the net photosynthetic rate of ear leaf,and as a result,increase the grain yield of maize. With the increase of CU production,its cost will be decreased and its use prospect will be wider in crop production.


The African population is already exposed to climate extremes such as droughts, heat waves and extreme precipitation, which cause damage to agriculture and infrastructure, and affect people's well-being. However, the simultaneous or sequential occurrence of two single climate extremes (compound event) has a more severe impact on the population and economy than single climate extremes. This circumstance is exacerbated by the increase in the African population, which is expected to double by the middle of this century according to the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA). Currently, little is known about the potential future change in the occurrence of compound climate extremes and population exposed to these events in Africa. This knowledge is however needed by stakeholder and decision makers to develop measures for adaptation.


Automatic image annotation is an important technique which has been widely applied in many fields such as social network image analysis and retrieval, face recognition and so on. Multi-view image annotation aims to utilize multi-view complementary information to achieve more effective annotation results. However, the existing multi-view image annotation methods cannot well handle the complex and diversified multi-view feature, and the label correlation is also ignored. In this paper, we propose an image annotation method by integrating deep multi-view latent space learning and label correlation guided image annotation into a unified framework, which is termed as Label Correlation guided Deep Multi-view image annotation (LCDM) method. LCDM first learns a consistent multi-view representation via deep matrix factorization, which well captures multi-view complementary information. Then, label correlation is exploited to improve the discriminating power of the classifiers. We propose a unified objective function so that multi-view data representation and classifiers can be jointly learned. Extensive experimental results on various image datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.


The B-Machine Telescope is the culmination of several years of development, construction, characterization and observation. The telescope is a departure from standard polarization chopping of correlation receivers to a half wave plate technique. Typical polarimeters use a correlation receiver to chop the polarization signal to overcome the $1/f$ noise inherent in HEMT amplifiers. B-Machine uses a room temperature half wave plate technology to chop between polarization states and measure the polarization signature of the CMB. The telescope has a demodulated $1/f$ knee of 5 mHz and an average sensitivity of 1.6 $\mathrm{mK}\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}$. This document examines the construction, characterization, observation of astronomical sources, and data set analysis of B-Machine. Preliminary power spectra and sky maps with large sky coverage for the first year data set are included.


The small program to perform any type of malicious activity that may damage the system of the legal user automatically without legal users' knowledge is called a bot (bad bot). The network of bots under the control of a botmaster is called a botnet. It is a serious threat to information, communication, and economy etc. The interaction of devices to form a botnet are smartphones, computers, IoT systems whose vulnerabilities are exploited and so the security is breached to relinquish the control to bot controllers or third-party. On the basis of C2 (command and control) structure the botnet is considered as a centralized, decentralized or hybrid type, however, the architecture of botnet includes botmaster, C2 (low false positive rates) respectively. The machine learning plays an essential role in the detection and recognition of Botnets and is therefore explored in thispaper. In this paper, the mean of the accuracy of k-means clustering and j48 classification approach (hybrid approach) is calculated while using the two random dataset partitions whose sum are always equal to the original dataset to compute the accuracy of low positive rates and high positive rates based on the percentages of "correctly and incorrectly instances". The comparative analysis of the three techniques i.e. clustering, classification, and hybrid approach suggest that the results of classification and clustering are constant on one end i.e. lower in case of classification and higher in case of clustering and on the contrary, results of our approach are varying in nature and gives the approximation in both the processes.


Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a polymeric semiconductor which may offer considerable promise as a photocatalyst, in consideration of its band structure with an appreciable absorption of light in the visible region (which comprises 43% of the solar spectrum), high physicochemical robustness, and that it can be readily synthesised from earth-abundant materials1. Thus, it may be prepared from such relatively common nitrogen-rich organic starting materials as melamine, urea, cyanamide, dicyananamide, thiourea and ammonium thiocyanate. The structure is based on heptazine (also called tri-s-triazine or cyamelurine) units (Figure 1), which possess a planar triangular core group, C6N7, or three fused triazine rings, with three substituents at the corners of the triangle. (The development2 of the g-C3N4 structure by heating melamine, as a starting material, is shown in Figure 2.) Carbon nitride polymers have a long history, in fact, which extends back to the 1830s, when Jöns Jakob Berzelius discovered a polymeric substance formed by the ignition of mercury thiocyanate, which was later named melon, by Justus von Liebig3. Melon is a linear polymer of heptazine units linked together by secondary amino groups (Figure 2). It was in 2006 that interest in g-C3N4 as a metal-free photocatalyst began 4, which was first explored5 for H2 production in 2009. Among the seven known phases of C3N4, g-C3N4 is the most stable, and has the lowest band gap at 2.7–2.8 eV. This corresponds to a light absorption range of 450–460 nm, which brings it into the visible region, in contrast with TiO2, with a band gap of around 3.2 eV (400 nm), meaning that it only absorbs UV radiation (although many ingenious structural modifications have been attempted in order to coerce the essential material to absorb visible light). There are, nonetheless, various deficiencies1 presented by g-C3N4, which include a rapid rate of recombination of charge carriers (electrons and holes), unsatisfactory electrical conductivity, and that the unmodified material does not absorb light at wavelengths longer than 460 nm. However, it has been found that co-polymerisation and doping


The treatment of hepatitis C virus infection was associated with the development of a complete remission in a patient with follicular lymphoma.


Received: 13 June 2020 Accepted: 29 October 2020 The correct classification of images is an important application in the monitoring of Internet of things (IoT). In the research of IoT images, a key issue is to recognize multi-class images at a high accuracy. As a result, this paper puts forward a classification method for multiclass images based on multiple linear regression (MLR). Firstly, the convolutional neural network (CNN) was improved to automatically generate a network from the IoT terminals, and used to classify images into disjoint class sets (clusters), which were processed by the subsequently constructed expert network. After that, the MLR was introduced to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the classification of multi-class images. Finally, the proposed method has been verified on CIFAR-10, CIfar-100 and MNIST, etc. benchmark data sets. Our method was found to outperform other methods in classification, and improve the accuracy of the classic AlexNet by 2%. The research results provide theoretical evidence and lay practical basis for the classification of multi-class IoT images.


Abstract Neutrophils from a boy with recurrent bacterial infections since infancy were found to have unique morphologic abnormalities. The nuclei were bilobed, and the cytoplasm appeared nearly dev...


The title compound, C9H11NO4, is an intermediate for dyes and drugs. The O—C—C—O chain adopts a synclinal conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are constitutively shed from cells and released by various stimuli. Their protein and RNA cargo are modified by the stimulus, and in disease conditions can carry pathological cargo involved in disease progression. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) is a major regulator in at least one of several independent routes of EV biogenesis, and its inhibition is a promising new therapeutic approach for neurological disorders. Unfortunately, known inhibitors exhibit μM potency, poor physicochemical properties, and/or limited brain penetration. Here, we sought to identify a drug‐like inhibitor of nSMase2.


Fifty six children with perinatally acquired HIV infection who were admitted to Nakomping Hospital during February 1993-December 1994 were retrospectively reviewed. They were 1-60 months old. The mortality rate was 33.9%. The most common cause of pneumonia was Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia which accounted for 53.6% of all patients and 89.4% of the nonsurviving patients. Comparing between survivors and nonsurvivors, the children with poor prognosis were those who were not known to be HlV infected before admission, had cyanosis on admission, had increased serum lactate dehydrogenase level especially more than 2,000 lUlL, had bilateral diffuse. interstitial and/or alveolar infiltrations on chest X-ray, and had pneumonia that caused by P~umocyslis carinii. Other parameters such as age, sex, signs and other symptoms, complete blood counts and positive hemoculture were not statistically different between both groups of patierts. Chiang Mai Med Bull 1995; 34 (3): 119-128.


The proton-neutron symplectic model with Sp(12, R) dynamical symmetry is applied for the simultaneous description of the microscopic structure of the low-lying states of the ground state, γ and β bands in 166Er. For this purpose, the model Hamiltonian is diagonalized in the space of stretched states by exploiting the SUp(3) ⊗ SUn(3) symmetry-adapted basis. The theoretical predictions are compared with experiment and some other microscopic collective models, like the one-component Sp(6, R) symplectic and pseudo-SU(3) models. A good description of the energy levels of the three bands under consideration, as well as the enhanced intraband B(E2) transition strengths between the states of the ground and γ bands is obtained without the use of effective charges. The results show the presence of a good SU(3) dynamical symmetry. It is also shown that, in contrast to the Sp(6, R) case, the lowest excited bands, e.g., the β and γ bands, naturally appear together with the ground state band within a single Sp(12, R) irreducible representation.


The capacity of Bidirectional associative memory (BAM) was examined a lot in research, but not completely. In particular, this issue was not investigated in the context of strings coding. In this paper we apply different approaches to estimate the capacity of BAM for strings coding. One of these approaches is recalling of all coded strings. Another is applying Hamming and Levenshtein distances to recover coded strings. The experiments show poor performance of BAM for the problem of strings coding. In addition, we find a small example of poor performance of BAM. We also discover that there is its extended version. The examples can be used to test advanced methods of coding of strings. Subject Classification: 68T05


Large test data volume and high test power are two of the major concerns for the industry when testing large integrated circuits. With given test cubes in scan-based testing, the ldquodonpsilat-carerdquo bits can be exploited for test data compression and/or test power reduction. Prior work either targets only one of these two issues or considers to reduce test data volume and scan shift power together. In this paper, we propose a novel capture power-aware test compression scheme that is able to keep scan capture power under a safe limit with little loss in test compression ratio. Experimental results on benchmark circuits demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.


The aims of this study was to determine the effect of mulch type on germination and growth of milk stage corn planted at critical sandy land. Plastic mulch and bio mulch (feedstuff used), were used on three beds planted with Pioneer® seed corn. Corn were planted with 25 x 50 cm in sand land Jangkaran Village, Temon, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Litter manure waste was used as basal fertilizer by spreaded over the beds at the level 7.5 t/ha. Corn seed planted on the bed without basal fertilizer and mulch as a control. Chemical fertilizers in the form of urea and SP-36 is given in equal amounts and the corresponding frequency written on the label. Growth characteristic was measured every week. The study is used completely randomized design (CRD) and the data were analyzed by ANOVA with SPSS advanced analysis of LSD. Utilization of mulch has significant effect on the growth of corn plants compared to corn without mulch; bio mulch has the highest effect. Mulch has no significant effect to the germination. Utilization of mulch (both plastic and bio) in the critical sandy land are very recommended, while the bio mulch recommend to production and economic value


OBJECTIVE
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common genitourinary cancers, and advanced RCC usually leads to poor prognosis. Therefore, identifying novel biomarkers for predicting the progression and prognosis of RCC is essential. The present study aims to evaluate the clinical value of miR-183-5p in RCC development and prognosis after surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We enrolled a total of 284 patients who received partial or radical nephrectomy from April 2003 to May 2013 at a single institution. The clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients were collected, including age, gender, tumor size, tumor stage, as well as follow-up information. The expression levels of miR-183-5p of all the patients were calculated from FFPE specimens. Cox regression analyses were performed to approve the effect of miR-183-5p expression on patient survival. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the patient survival curves.

RESULTS
After controlling for gender, age, tumor size and tumor stage in the multivariate analysis, we found that high expression of miR-183-5p was independently associated lower overall survival (HR = 0.550, 95% CI = 0.364-0.832, p= 0.005). The Kaplan-Meier analysis also showed that patients with high expression of miR-183-5p had a significantly poor prognosis (p= 0.006). These results was verified by analyzing the data of 506 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA).

CONCLUSION
Our results indicated that the high miR-183-5p expression is an independent factor for predicting RCC's worse prognosis.


Financial risk refers to the possibility leading to the enterprise can not achieve the expected financial gains,resulting in the loss due to a variety of unexpected or uncontrollable factors in the various financial activities.This article outlines the performance of enterprises in the form of financial risk and analyses its causes,and put forward measures and methods against the enterprise's financial risk.


A robust nonfragile observer-based controller for a linear time-invariant system with structured uncertainty is introduced. The H ∞ robust stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by use of the Lyapunov theorem in the presence of undesirable disturbance. For the sake of addressing the fragility problem, independent sets of time-dependent gain-uncertainties are assumed to be existing for the controller and the observer elements. In order to satisfy the arbitrary H2-normed constraints for the control system and to enable automatic determination of the optimal H 2 / H ∞ bound of the performance functions in disturbance rejection control, additional necessary and sufficient conditions are presented in a linear matrix equality/inequality framework. The H 2 / H ∞ observer-based controller is then transformed into an optimization problem of coupled set of linear matrix equalities/inequality that can be solved iteratively by use of numerical software such as Scilab. Finally, concerning the evaluation of the performance of the controller, the control system is implemented in real time on a mechanical system, aiming at vibration suppression. The plant under study is a multi-input single-output clamped-free piezo-laminated smart beam. The nominal mathematical reduced-order model of the beam with piezo-actuators is used to design the proposed controller and then the control system is implemented experimentally on the full-order real-time system. The results show that the closed-loop system has a robust performance in rejecting the disturbance in the presence of the structured uncertainty and in the presence of the unmodeled dynamics.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of treatment of early childhood caries (ECC) using general anesthesia (GA) in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P).

DESIGN
Retrospective chart review of children followed by the Manitoba Cleft Lip and Palate Program (MCLPP) to determine the frequency of treatment for ECC under GA.

SETTING
Children's Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada (a tertiary care centre).

PATIENTS
Children registered with MCLPP between January 1, 2008- December 31, 2019.

INTERVENTIONS
The chart review collected data on the following variables: sex, date of birth, postal code, type of cleft, whether child had treatment of ECC using GA, age at the time of GA, and cost of treatment.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Association of CL/P with ECC.

RESULTS
Overall, 441 children had CL/P. 17% had isolated cleft lip (CL), 46% had isolated cleft palate (CP), and 37% had both cleft lip and palate (CLP). Overall, 24.3% of children with CL/P underwent dental surgery using GA while 14.5% underwent dental surgery to treat ECC between 12-59 months of age. When compared to a reference of Canadian healthy children 12-59 months of age, a child with CL/P was 15 times more likely to require GA to treat ECC.

CONCLUSION
Treatment for caries under GA in children with CL/P is common. In the children with CL/P the rates of GA for treatment of ECC are significantly higher when compared to the general population. Children with CL/P require comprehensive oral health prevention to reduce the risk for caries and the need for treatment under GA.


Electronic multicoupons are the digital version of paper-based booklet of coupons, which allow a customer to obtain goods or services from a merchant typically with discounts or gifts. In this paper, we propose a multicoupon scheme for multi-merchant environments that enhances the security and the efficiency as regards the previous solution that deals with this kind of scenario. On one hand, our scheme meets basic security requirements (unforgeability, reuse detection), but also unsplittability. This fact will help to increase the trust on the part of merchants. On the other hand, we focus on achieving a high degree of privacy for customers (anonymity, unlinkability, confidentiality) that will contribute to gaining the trust of the involved customers. Moreover, we provide measures to protect honest parties from dishonest participants, keeping in mind the scalability and efficiency of the multicoupon scheme, to attract customers and merchants. In addition, we show by implementation that our proposal outperforms previous solutions of this kind.


Medical contexts provide a rich opportunity to study important theoretical questions in cognitive development and to investigate the influence of a range of interacting factors relating to the child, the experience, and the broader social context on children's cognition. In the context of examples of research investigating these issues, we consider several specific advantages of conducting research in medical settings: the diverse range of participants, experiences, and potential research paradigms and the opportunities for student training. We discuss the benefits and challenges of conducting research within medical contexts and consider ways of attempting to maximize the former and of addressing the latter.


The thermal response test of payloads in a vacuum chamber, commonly referred to as TVAC, is one of the most widely used performance characterizations of the payload in the aerospace industry. This verification test almost always requires modeling and validation of the performance of the payload under operational and off-design mission scenarios. To obtain high-precision performance predictions, the thermal analyst must accurately model the chamber environment, including any temperature variation along the shroud. Then, the subsystems that have already been modeled and tested are integrated into a larger assembly and tested at the system level. Using a modular technique, the analyst can preserve the subsystem models and the chamber seamlessly and develop an integrated model for the test configuration. Also, since many subsystems or components are similar in configuration, but different in size, the need for models amenable to scaling without recreating the thermal boundary conditions and couplings in the model are required. This paper describes a methodology that was developed for adaptive integrated modular modeling for precision thermo-structural analysis of optics. The details of the modeling technique are explained using the thermal vacuum test chamber with two scaleable payloads. This methodology is not limited to the problem described here and is fully relevant to a wide range of applications.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


The present work is devoted to investigation of thermal transitions in the crystals of seven proteins to compare the protein globule stability in crystal and solution. Calorimetry methods, electron and optical microscopy, as well as x-ray diffraction studies are used. It is found that protein crystals do not melt and that the destruction of the crystal lattice is a result of protein globule denaturation within the crystal. It is demonstrated that during the heating of pepsin and DF-trypsin crystals it is possible to observe phase transition of the first order. Equilibrium temperatures of protein denaturation in crystals and in solution coincide. The peculiarities of the crystal state are revealed in the increasing thermal transition cooperativity and the system relaxation period.


This study reports the detrital zircon U–Pb ages of the post collisional Chitarwatta Formation, exposed along the western margin of the Indian plate at the Sulaiman fold–thrust belt (SFB), Pakistan. The Chitarwatta Formation overlies the shallow marine carbonate sequence of the Kirthar Formation and represents an Oligocene–Miocene transitional marine sequence. The sequence consists of sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone. The sandstone consists predominantly (79–82%) of quartz grains. The framework grains are sub-angular to sub-rounded and show recycled orogenic provenance. The detrital zircon U–Pb age data show the dominant population between 390 Ma and ~1100 Ma, which is ~70% of the total population. In addition to this, a significant percentage of the younger detrital ages exist between ~40 Ma and ~120 Ma. This younger age cluster indicates the northern sources, including the Kohistan–Ladakh arc (KLA) and Karakoram block (KB), whereas the provenance for the 390–1100 Ma detrital zircon is likely the Higher Himalaya (HH), with contribution from Tethyan Himalaya (TH). This post-collisional scenario suggests that the Chitarwatta Formation received detritus from the northern sources through a drainage system, named as the Indus drainage system. A comparison with the coeval units in the north (Murree Formation, Dagshai Formation, and Dumre Formation) suggests that the sediments may have been delivered through the same drainage system that shares similar detritus. Relying on the contribution of the HH detritus, we propose that the HH uplifted during the Oligocene–Miocene along the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and provided detritus to the foreland basin.


NOx is a very important polluted source of atmosphere. This paper discusses primary and secondary NOx technolo- gies applicable to several of industrial sources. The sources in this paper include boilers, fired heater, combustion turbines and internal-combustion engine.


Establishing cool reserve system reliability's mathematics model is of important practice value in the design, forecast mechanism, electron system etc. The kinds and numbers of reason of system exerts on direct effect on establishing correct mathematics model when mathematics model is established. The paper complements traditional cool reserve system reliability's mathematics model by considering a kind of new system invalidation model, making system reliability model more perfect and this is proved by examples. Establishing right mathematics model is important for assuring production quality.


During the last two decades, dramatic improvement in survival of newborns, especially the extremely premature group, resulted from major advances such as antenatal steroids and surfactant, as well as from many other less dramatic improvements in care. As fewer babies died of respiratory failure and smaller babies survive, infection has become an increasingly important cause of mortality and morbidity.


The invention relates to an automatic discharging device of a vacuum urinal system. The automatic discharging device is characterized by being provided with an upper portion vacuum container and a lower portion vacuum container, wherein the upper portion vacuum container is provided with a second liquid level sensor and a first liquid level sensor at the upper portion, and the lower portion vacuum container is also provided with a fourth liquid level sensor and a third liquid level sensor. The upper portion vacuum container is provided with a flow inlet and is provided with a sewage pipe connected with an external urinal and a washbasin, so that the upper portion vacuum container is close to the second liquid level sensor and the first liquid level sensor. The lower portion of the upper portion vacuum container is connected to the upper portion of the lower portion vacuum container and meanwhile is close to the fourth liquid level sensor and the third liquid level sensor. A first magnetic valve is arranged between the upper portion vacuum container and the lower portion vacuum container. A lower portion exhaust port provided with a lower portion valve at the lower end portion is added at the lower portion of the lower portion vacuum container, and the lower portion of the lower portion vacuum container is led to the inside of a purification pool. More than one vacuum pump and a condensed water tank are arranged at the upper portion of the upper portion vacuum container.


The main fault causes of SF_6 current transformer in the operation are due to the poor quality of the manufacture and installation for equipment material and parts. Improper transportation and suspension installation also leave behind hidden trouble for SF_6 current transformer. In order to prevent SF_6 current transformer accident happening, the manufacturer should select good quality material and parts,strengthen the technique management,test strictly,improve equipment manufactureing level,transportat the equipment according to the corresponding technological standard. The operating unit should strengthen the accepting and checking management of the equipment,and develop the preventive test for the equipment regularly.


For large scale global optimization problems, the efficiency and effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) will be much reduced with the dimension increasing. In this paper, a novel evolutionary algorithm is proposed in order to improve the performance of EAs. In the proposed algorithm, on one hand, a variable grouping strategy is introduced. It can group all variables into several subcomponents, while the variables in each subcomponent are non-separable. In this way, a large scale problem can be decomposed into several small scale problems. On the other hand, a filled function with one parameter is integrated into EAs, which can help algorithm to escape from the current local optimal solution and find a better one. The simulations are made on the standard benchmark suite in CEC'2013, and the proposed algorithm is compared with several well performed algorithms. The results indicate the proposed algorithm is more efficient and effective.


Environmental pollution control has been one of the hot spots in academia, and industrial waste is the main source of environmental pollution. The environmental Kutznitz curve can well measure the relationship between industrial wastes and economic growth. The paper fits the EKC model of industrial wastes data from 1995 to 2016 in five provinces of Northwest China, verifies the existence of short-term EKC, and points out that the five northwest provinces should grasp the opportunity of supply-side reform, optimize the industrial structure, and reduce the negative impact on the resources and environment while increasing the gross domestic product.


Aims: To understand the reason of absenteeism and its causes and effect in Bhutanese context.
Study Design: Qualitative research design
Place and Duration of study: It was conducted in Wangchu Middle Secondary School, Chhukha Bhutan and it took five years.
Methodology: Data were collected from almost 120 students of classes IX and X including 10 parents and 10 teachers. Data were analyzed using direct content analysis technique. Informal conversation was also arranged for better understanding of the situation of students, teachers and parents.
Findings: The analysis of the data found out more than three areas for reconsideration.

The curriculum thinning and proper selection of topics to be done.
Basis for selection of teachers for undergoing training, at the first place, in College of Education should be done on attitude and aptitude not on marks obtained.
Provide ample avenues for young parents to get enough awareness programs in school which should train them in psychology and values.

Conclusion: This study examined all the perspective put forward by students, teachers and parents. Based on the analysis of the data three measures are suggested for stakeholders. These measures are Proper selection of topics in curriculum and thinning, revamping of selection of teachers and creation of avenues for parents to get awareness programs in schools.


Based on the relationship among stopped delay,approach delay and control delay,the field datas are used to test the argument.Especially,the relationship between stopped delay and control delay is stressed.


ABSTRACT The lower Wilcox strata and upper part of the Midway marine shale comprise a single genetic sequence and are subdivided into 4 map units (I - IV, from oldest to youngest) by regional flooding surfaces. The lower Wilcox sequence is bounded by maximum flooding surfaces associated with the Big Shale at the top and Midway marine shale at the bottom. The lower Wilcox sequence shows extensive shelf-margin progradation, high sedimentation rate, and thick progradational parasequences. The lower Wilcox depositional systems are outlined on the basis of the net-sandstone isopach maps, which are contoured using a log data base of about 500 wells. Map unit I includes several fluvial-dominated delta systems, reflecting the initial progradation of the lower Wilcox depositional episode. Unit II contains the classic Rockdale delta system, Cotulla barrier-bar system, and strandplain system described by Fisher and McGowen in 1967. Unit III is the turning point of the depositional styles within the L. W. genetic sequence. The progradational patterns of units I and II were replaced by the retrogradational style dominated by deposits of wave-dominated delta, strandplain, barrier-bar, lagoon, and shelf-slope systems. Several wave-dominated delta systems progressively backstepped landward during deposition of units III and IV. The delta-type evolution in the Houston Embayment (major depocenter) reflects the initial high rates of sediment supply followed by decreasing supply and consequent increasing marine influence and accommodation domination.


BLAMING VICTIMS is an appealing evasion of responsibility, especially when the victims are far from virtuous. But when sins are as heterogeneous as those of the Latin American regimes of 1980, one wonders how well the exemplary mass punishment fits the alleged individual crime. Most Latin American economies, for a variety of domestic and external reasons, in 1980-81 faced the need for reform and adjustment o the new international economic environment. However, the response was slow, and policy errors continued to be made. Yet the incompetence and torpor of policymakers do not fully explain the depth of the depression of the early 1980s in Latin America and the mediocre outlook for recovery. This paper will argue that what could have been a serious but manageable recession has turned into a major development crisis unprecedented since the early 1930s mainly because of the breakdown of international financial markets and an abrupt change in conditions and rules for international ending. The nonlinear interactions between this unusual and persistent external shock and risky or faulty domestic policies led to a crisis of severe depth and length, one that neither shocks


Agriculture is considered as the backbone of Pakistan's economy and a reasonable proportion of population is engaged in it. The present study aims at finding the role of education in productivity of wheat, sugarcane and tobacco crops in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) during the period 1975-2008. The econometric techniques Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Cointegration have been used for analysis. The estimation results obtained from OLS shows that education, fertilizers and area under cultivation are significant determinants of agricultural productivity in KPK. The results of cointegration confirmed the existence of long run relationship between education and agricultural productivity. It is therefore, suggested to adopt effective measures to increase school enrollment especially in rural areas of the study area. Furthermore, provision of high quality fertilizers and increase in area under cultivation can be helpful in enhancing the productivity of food and cash crops in the study area.


The purpose of this non-experimental, quantitative study was to determine: the personal, professional, and program characteristics of school-based agricultural educators in Missouri who instruct the course entitled Agricultural Construction 1 and/or Agricultural Construction 2, the curriculum areas (Arc Welding, Project Construction, Oxy/Gas and Other Cutting/Welding Processes, Woodworking, Metals, and Finishing) that these teachers instruct, the factors that influence school-based agricultural educators in Missouri to instruct the curriculum areas, and the teacher characteristics (sex, age, average number of hours spent in a week supervising student agricultural mechanics SAE projects, years of teaching experience, student enrollment in school-based agricultural education programs, university semester credit hours of agricultural mechanics coursework earned) that can explain the summated variables Importance of Teaching and Teacher Self-Efficacy based upon the six curriculum areas found within the course Agricultural Construction 1 and/or Agricultural Construction 2. The Missouri Agricultural Mechanics Assessment was distributed via e-mail to all teachers who instructed Agricultural Construction 1 and/or Agricultural Construction 2, during the 2009-2010 academic school year (N = 257). A total of 203 (79%) teachers completed the instrument. Teachers determined that Personal Importance was the most influential factor that influenced their decision to teach the agricultural mechanics curriculum areas. Administration Importance was the least influential factor that influenced Missouri agriculture teachers to instruct the agricultural mechanics curriculum areas. Overall, negligible to small results were found between teacher characteristics and the summated variables: Importance to Teach and Teacher Self-Efficacy, based upon teaching the curriculum areas.


Sharing substance-use equipment can lead to the transmission of many microbes, including those that can cause hepatitis B and C as well as HIV. And substance use can affect a person's critical thinking and judgment—factors that play a role in other behaviours that facilitate the spread of HIV. An effect of addiction is that it can destabilize a user's health and life priorities, so helping people recover is an important step on the road to better health.


This study presents observations using new data from a deployment of eight broadband seismometers surrounding a horizontal well pad at distances of ~1–3 km for the period before, during, and after a hydraulic fracturing treatment in the Montney Basin, British Columbia, Canada. We use a multistation‐matched filter detection and double‐difference earthquake relocation to develop a catalog of 350 events associated with hydraulic fracturing stimulation, with magnitudes ranging from −2.8 to 1.8 and estimated catalog completeness of approximately −0.2. The seismicity distribution suggests a statistically significant association with injection, and event migration can be described by a hydraulic diffusivity of ~0.2 m2/s. A comparison between daily seismicity rate and analytical stress evolution inferred from daily injection volumes implies that pore pressure diffusion largely controls earthquake nucleation at distances less than 1 km, whereas poroelastic stress transfer likely dominates at intermediate distances of ~1–4 km at time scales shorter than diffusion. Both mechanisms likely have a limited effect on stress perturbation at distances over 5 km.


The surface of nano-AgCl modified by polyacryamide with microemulsion template has been performed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrates that the composite is a core-shell structure of AgCl/poly acryamide ( PAM) composite nanoparticle. The particle size of the composite nanoparticle was about 100 nm. Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) has been used to examine the morphology of solid of composite nanoparticle, which indicates that the particle size of nano-AgCl is about 50 nm in the composite. This result consistents with the X-ray analysis. FTIR analysis shows that the environment of -NH2 and C = 0 group have changed in the composite nanoparticle, which indicate that there are chemical bonding between polyacryamide and nano-AgCl. Surface of nano-AgCl modified by butanol with microemulsion template was prepared, which is checked by energy detect spectrum (EDS). Dispersion test show that nano-AgCl/butanol can not become wet in the water, but the nano-AgCl/PAM has good wettability in the water.


The invention relates to a direct current signal transmission system, and provides a method and apparatus for sending data. Input signals from input wires are received. The input signals include data. Information about the input signals is identified. The data and the information are sent in digital signals over a wire to a second location. The input signals are recreated from the data and the information received in the digital signals over the wire.


What single teaching method can be used to support the development of phonological skills and help children attach meaning to print? How can teachers develop a lesson that allows whole group instruction and individual attention at the same time? How can the teacher practice skills without losing the excitement and enthusiasm of the class? How can we learn to read and write and still have fun? The answer to these questions is interactive writing. Interactive writing is a cooperative event in which teacher and children jointly compose and write text. Not only do they share the decision about what they are going to write, they also share the duties of scribe. The teacher uses the interactive writing session to model reading and writing strategies as he or she engages children in creating text. Interactive writing can be used to demonstrate concepts about print, develop strategies, and learn how words work. It provides children with opportunities to hear sounds in words and connect those sounds with corresponding letters. Students are engaged in the encoding process of writing and the decoding process of reading, all within the same piece of text. Interactive writing is a unique opportunity to help children see the relationship between reading and writing. During the interactive writing process, students and the teacher talk about what they are going to write. The teacher serves as the facilitator of the discussion—guiding, modeling, adding, summarizing, confirming, combining, and synthesizing the children's ideas. As the actual writing begins, many opportunities for specific teaching are available. The goal is to get the children's thoughts on paper, discussing the topic and the process of writing, dealing with the INTERACTIVE WRITING & INTERACTIVE EDITING s 1 INTERACTIVE WRITING IS: Negotiating the composition of texts Collaborating in the construction of text Using the conventions of print Reading and rereading texts Searching, checking, and confirming while reading and writing USES OF INTERACTIVE WRITING Direct and explicit instruction in phonology and word analysis Teach children how written text works Teach children the connections between what we write and read


that is diverting in the history of money, but even more that provides a rich reflection of human behavior and human folly.&dquo; 1 This, of course, is a fair statement. However, the development of money reflects something more-the evolution of human society, and the socio-economic structures through which this evolution has passed. Capitalism, which may in some sense be considered as a &dquo;money civilization,&dquo; naturally brings money to


In satellite communications systems, in addition to frequency resources, total satellite transmitting power, (i.e., satellite power) is a crucial radio resource, due to the limited capacity of onboard electric generators. To increase system capacity, satellite power constraints have to be taken into account, as well as the frequency constraints. As one approach to this issue, we propose a traffic distribution algorithm using linear programming, which maximizes the accommodated traffic in a multiple-satellite system under satellite power constraints. The algorithms are applicable to all types of satellite systems with multiple satellites (geosynchronous Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, low Earth orbit, or a combination of any) to increase system capacity with respect to the total amount of traffic accommodated by the systems. Finally, this paper evaluates the performance of the proposed algorithm by distributing traffic demand on the earth's surface to cells irradiated by spot-beams of a satellite and allocating frequency resources to the cells. By using the algorithm that permits power constraints, the ratio of accommodated traffic in a system was improved 12% compared with the case when no power constraints were used.


Probes with high purity were amplified by nested PCR in DNA microarray preparations. Nested PCR was applied to amplify the clones in PMD 18T vector with M13 forward and reverse primers as external primers, while a pair of inner primers were designed. Highquality probes could be isolated containing short Tvector sequence. The DNA microarray, which printed with these probes, showed superior hybridization results. The advantages of nested PCR improved the efficiency of preparing probes to make diagnostic microarrays. 


In this paper, lightsoaking and temperature‐dependent current‐voltage (JVT) measurements on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with atomic layer deposited Zn1‐xMgxO buffer layers are presented. A range of Mg concentrations are used, from pure ZnO (x=0) to 26% Mg (x=0·26). Since this kind of solar cells exhibit strong metastable behaviour, lightsoaking is needed prior to the JVT‐measurements to enable fitting of these to the one‐diode model. The most prominent effect of lightsoaking cells with Mg‐rich buffer layers is an increased fill factor, while the effect on cells with pure ZnO buffer is mainly to increase Voc·. The activation energy is extracted from JVT‐measurement data by applying three different methods and the ideality factors are fitted to two different models of temperature‐dependence. A buffer layer consisting either of ZnO or Zn1‐xMgxO with a minor Mg content gives solar cells dominated by interface recombination, which probably can be related to a negative conduction band offset. A relatively high Mg content in the buffer layer (x=0·21) leads to solar cells dominated by recombination in the space charge region. The recombination is interpreted as being tunnelling‐enhanced. The situation in between these Mg concentrations is less clear. Before lightsoaking, the sample with x=0·12 has the highest efficiency of 15·3%, while after lightsoaking the sample with x=0·21 holds the best efficiency, 16·1%, exceeding the value for the CdS reference. The Jsc values of the Zn1‐xMgxO cells surpass that of the reference due to the larger bandgap of Zn1‐xMgxO compared to CdS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A new multi-focus color image fusion method based on wavelet transform is proposed in this paper.First,the R,G,B components of each input color image are decomposed by wavelet transform and the multi resolution sub-images of each input image can be obtained.Second,different fusion methods are applied to obtain the wavelet coefficient on the corresponding levels of the multi resolution sub-images.Finally,the output image can be obtained through inverse wavelet transform.The experiment re- suits show that the fusion image can obtain lower color distortion and higher peak signal to noise ratio.


Stable shrinkage of the total area of the Pamir glacier is revealed during the entire period of observation. The mean rate of glacier degradation during the period of 1980–2000 has increased in comparison with the previous period. Taking into account peculiarities of identification of glacier boundaries on scenes from satellites Landsat 7 ETM+ and TERRA, the characteristics of long-term changes in glacier size should be considered as reliable if obtained by using general assemble or representative sampling.


Size exclusion chromatography was used to evaluate the surface areas, pore volumes, and pore size distributions of a variety of zirconias and silica-zirconia composites. In addition to the size exclusion results presented, the zirconias had been previously analysed using nitrogen sorption experiments making comparisons to established methods feasible. Agreement between the nitrogen sorption and size exclusion techniques was reasonably good with the size exclusion method serving to illustrate the chromatographic significance of the pore structure. Due to the stabilisation of the amorphous silica-zirconia composites the surface areas were shown to be much higher than the surface areas of the zirconias. However, after crystallisation the surface area decreased very rapidly. The results also illustrate that the inclusion of salts during calcination allows the widening of the pores for amorphous materials and increases the pore volume of both amorphous and crystalline materials.


The objective of this work is to develop an advanced automatic ultrasonic inspection system via adaptive learning network signal processing techniques. This system will provide the type, location, and size of defects in metal more quickly and to smaller defect size than current imaging systems, without the need for operator interpretation of the results. An ultrasonic .imaging array constructed for this project has been used to record data from artificial defects in carbon steel test blocks.· Software has been written to automatically determine the orientation and size of cracks from these digitized waveforms. Detection of these cracks has been unambiguous down to 1/6 wavelength or 0.25 mm. Sizing for depth is accurate to 12% down to 1/3 wavelength. Further research will extend these results to other defect types and to smaller defects. The significance of this work is that it will demonstrate the feasibility of a totally automatic detection, classification, and sizing system which will work with hardware ordinarily used for imaging. This system will provide a numerical estimate of the defect parameters rather than an image requiring operator interpretation, and it will do so at defect dimensions smaller than the limits set by the resolution of imaging systems. INTRODUCTION It is generally recognized that the ultrasonic energy pattern or signature reflected from a given target contains substantially greater information than is being utilized by present ultrasonic nondestructive testing techniques. When an ultrasonic sound beam illuminates a given target, the pattern generated by the target contains reflected, diffracted, and redirected energies which include time, amplitude, and frequency spectral information that uniquely describes the reflector. Linear arrays afford the opportunity of capturing the pattern reflected from a flaw or target. It was anticipated at the start of this program that parameters of the scattered waveforms, as well as those of the reflected energy, could be used to size defects. This has proven to be the case as will be shown in this paper. Parameters from the mode-converted diffracted adaptive learn; ng networks to classify these cracks as to their orientation and provide estimates of their depth. Furthermore, the work reported here shows that these parameters can be extracted from the raw waveforms automatically. It remains in this project to extend these results to other types of defects and to implement the algorithms developed so far in hardware.


OBJECTIVE
There have been claims that schizophrenia is a disease of the limbic circuit and that the volume of the hippocampus and its content of neurons are low in schizophrenia. The fornix is a major pathway through which neurons project to and from the hippocampus. The authors investigated whether the fiber number or structure of the fornix is abnormal in schizophrenia, as was suggested by an earlier MRI study.

METHOD
A section of fornix was removed from each hemisphere of postmortem brains of 16 male and 13 female schizophrenic patients and a comparison group of 19 men and 14 women. Cross-sectional area, fiber density, and total fiber number were examined for differences between diagnostic groups and between genders.

RESULTS
The men had a lower fiber density in the fornix than the women. Fiber density on the left side was greater in the schizophrenic men than in the comparison men. For total fiber number (density multiplied by area) there were no differences between groups. Density was found to decrease with increasing area, suggesting that these measures may be affected by degree of myelination.

CONCLUSIONS
The fornix does not show the abnormalities in cross-sectional area or total fiber number that would be expected if the primary impact of schizophrenia is on the hippocampus and limbic system. The greater density on the left in schizophrenic men suggests an effect of schizophrenia on myelination related to sex and asymmetry, which may reflect one aspect of a global delay in brain development.


Objective To understand the diversity and structure characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with asthma of abnormal hilit syndrome in Uyghur Medicine and study the relationship between gut microbiota and abnormal hilit syndrome of asthma.Methods In a case-control study,52 asthma patients with abnormal hilit syndrome and 25 controls were enrolled.Total DNA was extracted from fecal samples for PCR-DGGE,and obtaining DNA fingerprints.Results Based on the DGGE profile,8 to 28 bands(averagely 16) were observed in the abnormal savda type asthma,while the value was from 7 to 31,averagely 18 in the other abnormal hilit type asthma,and the value was from 14 to 36,averagely 24 in the control.The diversity index was markedly lower in abnormal hilit type asthma patients than controls with the number of groups and richness decreased notably(P0.05),but no statistical significance between the abnormal hilit type asthma groups.Combined with multivariate statistical methods analysis,it showed that 3 groups of samples were classified obviously by the structure of gut microbiota.Conclusion The results suggest a relationship between gut microbiota structure changes and the abnormal hilit syndrome.Patient with the gut microbiota of the abnormal hilit type asthma proceed remarkably changes at the molecular level to be associated with the gut micobiota diversity decreases and structure changes notably.


Background:

Serum fatty acids (s-FA) are likely associated with serum lipids parameters (s-LP), such as total cholesterol (T-CHO), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG), because fatty acids (FA) are components of lipoproteins. However, little is known about the association of s-FA with s-LP. The aim of our retrospective study was to investigate the association of s-FA with s-LP in Ischaemic stroke patients.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study of ischaemic stroke patients aged 50 years or older who 1) were admitted to our institution between September 2015 and March 2017 within 24 hours of stroke onset and 2) took blood examination of s-FA levels of palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (StA), oleic acid (OlA), linoleic acid (LiA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We evaluated correlation of serum levels or composition percentage (%) of FA with s-LP.

Results:

One hundred ninety-one patients met our inclusive criteria. Their average age was 74.4 years, BMI was 23.4 kg/m2, T-CHO was 203.4, LDL-C was 121.7, HDL-C was 58.5 and TG was 116.2 mg/dl. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that LiA and AA were independent positive factors of T-CHO, AA and LiA% were independent positive factors of LDL-C, AA was an independent positive factor of HDL-C, AA% and LiA% were independent inverse factors of HDL-C, and OlA was an independent positive factor of TG.

Conclusions:

Serum FA had correlation with s-LP in ischaemic stroke patients. The results warrant clinical application of s-FA modification to improve s-LP.


Despite years of scholarly effort there is still little agreement on the precise role of information technology in business strategy and organizational affairs. Little work has been done at an operational level, to understand the constraints that influence information technology adoption. This study utilizes organizational design and strategy theory to sketch a framework for conceptualizing how firms decide which e-business orientation(s) are appropriate for individual situations. Using a cross sectional sample of 360 large Australian businesses we begin to break apart strategic choice and systematically examine the influence of technology on organizational structure. A partially deterministic contingency model emerges that identifies the way market ties—created by the exchange of goods and services—and managerial beliefs influence strategic choice.


The idea that science is or could be value-free is not itself a scientific thesis; it belongs rather to philosophy. I share Giovanni Carsaniga's view that it is a pernicious idea (most deeply in its manifestation in the social sciences), but I would give a different account, even in outline, of how it came to be accepted. He speaks of its connection with the difficulty science had in extricating itself from religious dogma and the need of scientists to find some way of washing their hands of the socially harmful effects of technology. This links the doctrine too closely with science and the practice of science (in the narrow sense which that teno has come to assume) and not enough with philosophy and the wider culture to which science belongs and especially with the way in which philosophers as arbiters of culture intetpreted the success of mathematical method in science in the seventeenth century. (Of course, many of the philosophers in question-Descartes and Pascal for example-were also leading mathematicians and scientists).


Currently, Communicative Language Teaching has been popular around the world and has a profound effect on second language acquisition since the 1970s. For Communicative Language Teaching to be successful, there is a need for appropriate teaching materials. This paper analyzes speaking tasks in Chinese and Swedish textbooks for grade 8,Go for it and Magic. The analysis presents content analysis, providing a general overview of speaking tasks found in both textbooks. First, task description is analyzed, which provides the pupils with the topics of tasks in both textbooks. It will be seen if the topics are real-life. Second, types of speaking, text type, cognitive processes, focus, classroom organization are quantitively analyzed to see if there are different approaches to Communicative Language Teaching between Chinese and Swedish textbooks. Through comparison of these six aspects in different textbooks, there are three similar approaches to Communicative Language Teaching: First, they both have real-world topics under which there are many real-world speaking tasks. Second, the dialogues play a main role in both textbooks. Third, pair and group work have dominant position in these two books. Also there are three different approaches to Communicative Language Teaching: First, the Chinese textbook is directed towards accuracy while the Swedish textbook is directed towards fluency. Second, the Chinese textbook focuses on form whereas the Swedish textbook focuses on meaning. Third, there is an information-gap approach in the Chinese textbook where tasks based on information gap are obviously labeled. However, it cannot be found in the Swedish textbook.


The rapid development and convergence of computing technologies and communications create the need to connect diverse devices with different operating systems and protocols. This resulted in numerous challenges to provide seamless integration of a large amount of heterogeneous physical devices or entities. Hence, Software-defined Networks (SDN), as an emerging paradigm, has the potential to revolutionize the legacy network management and accelerate the network innovation by centralizing the control and visibility over the network. However, security issues remain a significant concern and impede SDN from being widely adopted.To identity the threats that inherent to SDN, we conducted a deep analysis in 3 dimensions to evaluate the security of the proposed architecture. In this analysis, we summarized 9security principles for the SDN controller and checked the security of the current well-known SDN controllers with those principles. We found that the SDN controllers, namely ONOS and OpenContrail, are relatively two more secure controllers according to our conducted methodology. We also found the urgent need to integrate the mechanisms such as connection verification, application-based access control, and data-to-control traffic control for securely implementing a SDN controller. In this thesis, we focus on the app-to-control threats, which could be partially mitigated by the application-based access control. As the malicious network application can be injected to the SDN controller through external APIs, i.e., RESTful APIs, or internal APIs, including OSGi bundles, Java APIs, Python APIs etc. In this thesis, we discuss how to protect the SDN controller against the malicious operations caused by the network application injection both through the external APIs and the internal APIs. We proposed a security-enhancing layer (SE-layer) to protect the interaction between the control plane and the application plane in an efficient way with the fine-grained access control, especially hardening the SDN controller against the attacks from the external APIs. This SE-layer is implemented in the RESTful-based northbound interfaces in the SDN controller and hence it is controller-independent for working with most popular controllers, such as OpenDaylight, ONOS, Floodlight, Ryu and POX, with low deployment complexity. No modifications of the source codes are required in their implementations while the overall security of the SDN controller is enhanced. Our developed prototype I, Controller SEPA, protects well the SDN controller with network application authentication, authorization, application isolation, and information shielding with negligible latency from less than 0.1% to 0.3% for protecting SDN controller against the attacks via external APIs, i.e, RESTful APIs. We developed also the SE-layer prototype II, called Controller DAC, which makes dynamic the access control. Controller DAC can detect the API abuse from the external APIs by accounting the network application operation with latency less than 0.5%. Thanks to this SE-layer, the overall security of the SDN controller is improved but with a latency of less than 0.5%. However, the SE-layer can isolate the network application to communicate the controller only through the RESTful APIs. However, the RESTful APIs is insufficient in the use cases which needs the real-time service to deliver the OpenFlow messages. Therefore, we proposed a security-enhancing architecture for securing the network application deployment through the internal APIs in SDN, with a new SDN architecture dubbed SENAD. In SENAD, we split the SDN controller in: (1) a data plane controller (DPC), and (2) an application plane controller (APC) and adopt the message bus system as the northbound interface instead of the RESTful APIs for providing the service to deliver the OpenFlow messages in real-time. (...)


HOW TO WORK WITH THE MICROSCOPE. A Course of Lectures on MUicroscopical Manipulation, and the Practical Application of the Microscope to Different Branches of Investigation. Delivered, during the winter session 1856-57, by LIONEL S. BEALE, M.B., F.R.S., Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, Physician to King's College Hospital, and Professor of Physiology and General and Morbid Anatomy in King's College, London. pp. 1P'4. London: John Churchill. 1857. THIs little book is one which is likely to be of use to the student, ancl no less so to the practitioner who, desirous to keep pace with the progress of science, endeavours to educate himself in the use of the microscope. It is not a treatise on loptics, but a code of simple and concise instructions, capable of being readily followed. The subjects treated of in the lectures (which are eight in number) are: the various forms of microscopes; the apparatus for viewirng objects by reflected, transmitted, and polarised light, and for drawing and measuring objects; lamps, cements, preservative solutions, cells, etc.; examination of tissues, and their preservation; injecting; ad. vantages of chemical reagents; sketches and photographs; fallacies to be guarded against, etc. We extract Dr. BEALE'S instructions on the method "C Of taking Photographs of Objects in the 1Microscope. Of late years many objects have been photographed very successfully. The advantages of such a plan are so obvious that I need not occupy your time in recounting them. In the hands of Mr. Delves, Mr. Shadbolt, Mr. Julius Pollock, and others, very satisfactory results have beeni obtained, and we may hope that in time perfectly good copies will be made in this manner. "In arranging the microscope for taking photographs, the camera requires to be much lengthened. There should be a distance of two feet between the object glass and the position of the sensitive plate. This increased length may be obtained by having a brass tube, about two inches in diameter, arranged to screw into the ordinary position of the lens of the camera. The further extremity of this tube is adapted to receive either the object-glass itself, or that part of the body of the microscope inlto which the latter fits. The ordinary microscope stage may be used, or a stage may be adapted to the end of the tube as in the microscope camera of i\Ir. Highley, or the stage upon which the object is placed may be supported upon a separate stand. The foci of the chemical and visual rays are not coincident in the ordinary object-glasses, consequently several experiments have to be made in order to find the exact focus of the chemical rays, and we must take different pictures until one is found to be in focus. The degree in which the fine adjustment screw has been turned to produce the best effect is then noted. " Negative photographs of microscopic objects can only be talen by sunlight, and the light must either be thrown upon the object fromi a plane mirror, or condensed upon it by means of a large plano-convex bull's-eye condenser. Care must, however, be taken that the object is not subject to the intense beat produced in this operation, longer than absolutely niecessary, especially if mounted in fluid or Canada balsam. " The whole apparatus should be mounted upon a stiff board which can be inclined conveniently at any angle. " The plate is prepared in precisely the same manner as for taking ordinary photographs. The time of exposure must be found by experiment. From ten to twenty seconds will be sufficient in a very good light. The collodion made by Mr. Thomas takes capital pictures, but I have reason to think that the collodion prepared by my friend Mr. Hardwich, of King's College, will be found very advantageous for microscopical purposes. " Mr. Delves, of Tunbridge, has produced some very beautiful microscope photographs, many of them being very highly magnified. Indeed, some representations of the navicula far exceed in delicacy and finish the most perfect engravings. It is impossible that such minuteness can be obtained by the hand of the artist as may be ensured by this simple process. " Many anatomical specimens, however, cannot be copied by photography, especially if they be very thick. The yellow colour of the tissue in most instances precludes the possibility of making a photograplh of it, as the transmission of the light is so much interfered with; and this is an especial objection in the case of injections viewed as transparent objects, for the tissue intervening between the vessels, is often so yellow that these intervals in the photograph become as dark as the vessels themselves. My friend Mr. Julius Pollock has nevertheless succeeded in obtaining for me some very tolerable copies of injections of the distribution of the ducts in the liver. By practice, doubtless, many improvements in the process of taking photographs of microscopic objects would be effected. " When only few copies of a work are required, the researches may be very cheaply illustrated by takiing photographs of drawings. A large drawing of the object must first be made in the manner described in page 21. From this a negative reduced to the proper size is taken, from which any number of copies may be obtained. In this manner I have illustrated my memoir on the anatomy of the liver with upwards of sixty illustrations. When many copies of a work are likely to be required, this mode of illustration is not applicable, as the original cost of engraving would soon be covered; but when only afew copies of a great ntumber of drawings are wanted this plan possesses decided advantages."


147 Abstract: Carnitine is an essential molecule for the transfer of long chain fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane, for beta-oxidation (1). The long chain fatty acids provide a large proportion of the energy requirement of the myocardium. Thus, adequate amounts of tissue carnitine are required to maintain the normal function of the myocardium (2). Experimental studies on acute myocardial ischemia and clinical investigations of patients with congestive cardiac failure have indicated that the myocardial carnitine content was significantly lowered in both conditions, in contrast to raised or normal blood carnitine (3-5).


Thermodynamics of oxidized leaching selenium from Ni-Mo ore smelter dust in solution system of acidity and basicity were studied,respectively.Both Ni-Mo ore smelter dust and its leaching residue were characterized by XRD.The results show that it is useful to leach seledium from Ni-Mo ore smelter dust using sodium chlorate as oxidant in a mixture of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids.The correctness of thermodynamical study is proved by experimental studies.Both selenium leaching rate of more than 98% and selenium of 0.13% in leaching residue are obtained by oxidizing leaching selenium from Ni-Mo ore smelter dust in a mixture of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids.Selenium in smelter dust exists in the form of elemental selenium,but no diffraction lines of selenium and its compounds are detected in leaching residue,indicating that leaching selenium is almost complete.


The expriment was purposed for the inhibition of Kanamycin (KM) to muskmelon 揌uang Hemi攃allus. The result demonstrated that KM inhibited the callus growth from cotyledon explants and hypocotyls explants in a certain range of KM concentration, and with the concentration increased, the inhibition became more. The highiest KM concentration that the callus could resist was from 75 mg/L to 100 mg/L. The experiment also showed that the callus from cotyledon was more sensible to KM than that from hypocotyls.


The exploration of the human–machine environment principally calls for the methods of organizational studies. Lean management is a systemic methodology that identifies, eliminates all forms of losses, as well as all such activities that do not represent any added value for the customer, client. the lean work methodology has been applied by several companies involved in graphic communication. The fundamental principle of lean is to avoid waste. The first principle of environmental improvement is the same. 80% of common actions provide mutual benefits. It means the lean and green printing have the same aims. The author introduces the movements and events of the lean and green printing in the different countries, over the world at the last 5–7 years.


We have demonstrated 210 bit/s (10.7 Gbit/s/spl times/21 WDM) transmission over 1200 km with ultra long repeater spacing of 200 km with proper dispersion management together with Raman amplifier and EDFA for the festoon type undersea cable network. We obtained a Q-factor for all channels greater than 15.6 dB.


Aims:  Physical activity (PA) has positive effects on bone accrual and geometry in children during growth. However, we do not know how PA influences adaptations in bone architecture during growth. We evaluated the contribution of PA to bone density, architecture and strength in adolescents.


Bioimaging The combined action of inorganic phosphate and glutathione has a clear biological relevance, that is, in cancer, obesity, diabetes, and hypoxia. A new sulfinyl xanthene derivative (DNBS-GG; DNBS=2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfinate, GG=Granada Green) that can act as a simultaneous dual sensor of biological biothiols and phosphate anions was designed, synthesized, and used in cells. Its sensing mechanism implies thiolysis of the sulfinyl group of the weakly fluorescent DNBS-GG by biological thiols at physiological pH, releasing the fluorescent GG moiety that simultaneously responds to phosphate anions through its fluorescence decay time. For more details see the Full paper by J. M. Cuerva, L. Crovetto et al. on page 14772 ff.


A project to design, certify, and build a new US Department of Energy (DOE) Type B container for transporting >5 mg of {sup 252}Cf is more than halfway to completion. This project was necessitated by the fact that the existing Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Type B containers were designed and built many years ago and thus do not have the records and supporting data that current regulations require. Once the new cask is available, it will replace the existing Type B containers. The cask design is driven by the unique properties of {sup 252}Cf, which is a very intense spontaneous fission neutron source and necessitates a large amount of neutron shielding. The cask is designed to contain up to 60 mg of {sup 252}Cf in the form of californium oxide or californium oxysulfate, in pellet, wire, or sintered material forms that are sealed inside small special-form capsules. The new cask will be capable of all modes of transport (land, sea, and air). The ORNL team, composed of technical and purchasing personnel and using rigorous selection criteria, chose NAC, International (NAC), as the subcontractor for the project. In January 1997, NAC started work on developing the conceptual design and performingmore » the analyses. The original design concept was for a tungsten alloy gamma shield surrounded by two concentric shells of NS-4-FR neutron shield material. A visit to US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulators in November 1997 to present the conceptual design for their comments resulted in a design modification when the question of potential straight-line cracking in the NS-4-FR neutron shield material arose. NAC's modified design includes offset, wedgelike segments of the neutron shield material. The new geometry eliminates concerns about straight-line cracking but increases the weight of the packaging and makes the fabrication more complex. NAC has now completed the cask design and performed the analyses (shielding, structural, thermal, etc.) necessary to certify the cask. The cask plus the associated equipment is collectively called the NAC Californium Transport System (CTS) and consists of the cask, impact limiter, and transport skid, which is designed to mate with and provide tiedowns to a dedicated trailer. The Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) was presented to DOE regulators in late March of 1999. The questions raised by the DOE regulators are currently being evaluated by NAC and ORNL. After DOE approves the SARP and issues a Certificate of Compliance (CoC) for the cask design, NRC will start its evaluation. Fabrication will not begin until all certifications (DOE and NRC CoCs, as well as an International Atomic Energy Agency Certificate of Competent Authority for international transport) have been obtained. This project is extremely challenging because of the complexity of the design and the certification and fabrication processes. The certification process is complicated by the necessity to obtain CoCs from two different regulatory agencies.« less


This work aimed to evaluate the effect of light on nitrate reductase activity and growth of Mahogany in greenhouse. A randomized design with four shading treatments and nine replicates was used. Data on dry mass of roots and nitrate reductase activity did not differ statistically between any of the treatments. Stem and leaves presented higher growth, with 20 and 50% of shade, respectively. Mahogany showed lower growth on 100% of shade; however, nitrate reductase activity was not influenced by shading.


In seeking to produce lightweight aluminum block based engines, a variety of metallurgical and surface modification techniques for cylinder bores, pistons and piston rings are available. This paper discusses these various alternative methods while placing particular emphasis on electroplated nickel ceramic composite coatings (NCC). NCC Coating properties are characterized by high hardness, high corrosion resistance, high temperature wear and scuff resistance and low frictional coefficients. The application of NCC Coatings in 2-stroke motorcycle and diesel engines has resulted in benefits in the following areas: elimination of cast iron liners; reduced cylinder wall temperature, engine weight and increased power; lowering of oil consumption; improved fuel economy; reduction in emissions; improved scuff and wear resistance on cylinder bores, pistons and piston rings; friction reduction; combating of piston ring groove microwelding and pound out; thermal barrier protection on diesel piston domes; reduction in carbon deposition on piston domes; reduced noise from piston slap; and ability to operate in corrosive environments. The sum of the above stated benefits holds much potential for contributing towards greater flexibility in materials selection for the design of lightweight, fuel efficient vehicles based upon the use of aluminum engines. 13 refs., 13 figs.


Should the regime-switching risk be priced? This is perhaps one of the important "normative" issues to be addressed in pricing contingent claims under a Markovian, regime-switching, Black-Scholes-Merton model. We address this issue using a minimal relative entropy approach. Firstly, we apply a martingale representation for a double martingale to characterize the canonical space of equivalent martingale measures which may be viewed as the largest space of equivalent martingale measures to incorporate both the diffusion risk and the regime-switching risk. Then we show that an optimal equivalent martingale measure over the canonical space selected by minimizing the relative entropy between an equivalent martingale measure and the real-world probability measure does not price the regime-switching risk. The optimal measure also justifies the use of the Esscher transform for option valuation in the regime-switching market.


Capillary tube evaporators arrayed in grids in tomato, alfalfa, and cotton fields released into the air four previously identified pheromone components, either separately or in various blend combinations, of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). Disruption of pheromone communication in this species was measured by the decrease in the numbers of male moths orienting to female moths that were used as bait in traps in the centers of the grids. The only pheromone component that appeared essential to provide disruption of communication was ( Z,E -9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate. Research comparing grids equipped with evaporators of four different sizes, each size spaced at three separations in the field, indicated that the spacing between evaporators, up to 4.6 m apart, was not the most critical factor determining the amount of disruption obtained. Rather, the most important factor appeared to be evaporator size; the largest evaporators, releasing 25 μg of the pheromone component per day, provided the highest amount of disruption, even when spaced in the field at the maximum tested separation. The S. exigua pheromone component, ( Z,E )-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, did not disrupt communication between males and females of the tomato pinworm, Keiferia lycopersicella (Walsingham), and the K. lycopersicella pheromone, ( E )-4-tridecenyl acetate, did not disrupt communication between the sexes of S. exigua.


This paper aims to suggest a new approach to Plato's theory of being in Republic V and Sophist based on the notion of difference and the being of a copy. To understand Plato's ontology in these two dialogues we are going to suggest a theory we call Pollachos Esti; a name we took from Aristotle's pollachos legetai both to remind the similarities of the two structures and to reach a consistent view of Plato's ontology. Based on this theory, when Plato says that something both is and is not, he is applying difference on being which is interpreted here as saying, borrowing Aristotle's terminology, 'is is (esti) in different senses'. I hope this paper can show how Pollachos Esti can bring forth not only a new approach to Plato's ontology in Sophist and Republic but also a different approach to being in general.


BACKGROUND: While many older patients (pts) with AML attain complete remission (CR) after treatment (Tx) with IC, ~80% will relapse and overall survival (OS) is poor. The randomized, placebo (PBO)-controlled, phase 3 QUAZAR AML-001 trial assessed Oral-AZA (CC-486), a hypomethylating agent, in pts with AML in remission after IC who were not eligible for stem cell transplant. At the primary data cutoff in July 2019, Oral-AZA was associated with significantly prolonged OS vs. PBO: 24.7 vs. 14.8 months (mo), respectively (P < 0.001) (Wei, 2020), but the tails of the Kaplan-Meier OS curves for Oral-AZA and PBO began to converge during later time-points (after ~48 mo). More than one-quarter of all randomized pts (125/472 [26.5%]) were either still receiving Tx with Oral-AZA (n = 45) or PBO (n = 26) or remained alive in survival follow-up (n = 26 and n = 28) at the primary cutoff. Upon trial unblinding, pts continued to be followed for OS (but not relapse-free survival). We assessed longer-term OS for pts in QUAZAR AML-001 as of September 2020, after > 1 year of additional follow-up.
 METHODS: Pt eligibility and study design have been reported in detail. Briefly, eligible pts were aged ≥55 years with newly diagnosed AML, intermediate- or poor-risk cytogenetics at AML diagnosis (Dx), and ECOG PS ≤3, and had achieved first CR or CRi after IC (induction ± consolidation) before screening. Within 4 mo after CR/CRi, pts were randomized 1:1 to Oral-AZA 300 mg or PBO QD for 14 days/28-day Tx cycle. After trial unblinding in July 2019, pts in the Oral-AZA arm could continue to receive Tx in an extension phase if they continued to benefit; pts in the PBO arm had Tx discontinued and were followed for OS. Kaplan-Meier estimated OS was calculated from the time of randomization until death, withdrawal of consent, or loss to follow-up, and compared between Tx arms by log-rank test. To determine whether OS was influenced by pt-related factors, we compared baseline (BL) demographic and disease characteristics of pts who were alive (on-Tx and/or in survival follow-up) for ≥ 3 years from randomization ("Long-term [LT] Survivors") vs. those of pts who died or were censored before 3 years.
 Results: In all, 472 pts were randomized to Oral-AZA (n = 238) or PBO (n = 234). Median age was 68 years (range 55-86), 91% of pts had de novo AML, and 86% had intermediate-risk cytogenetics. Upon trial unblinding, 39 pts (16%) in the Oral-AZA arm continued into the extension phase Overall, 31.4% and 15.5% of pts received > 24 mo of Tx with Oral-AZA or PBO, respectively.
 At the updated follow-up in September 2020, 54 pts (23%) in the Oral-AZA arm were alive in survival follow-up, including 31 pts (13%) still receiving Oral-AZA in the extension phase; 165 pts (69%) had died and 19 pts (8%) had withdrawn consent or were lost to follow-up. In the PBO arm, 35 pts (15%) remained alive, 176 (75%) had died, and 23 (10%) had withdrawn consent or were lost to follow-up.
 At a median follow-up of 51.7 mo, median OS in each arm remained unchanged from the primary cutoff date: 24.7 vs. 14.8 mo with Oral-AZA vs. PBO, respectively (P = 0.0008); however, the KM OS curves for Oral-AZA and PBO showed greater separation with additional follow-up, and the two curves did not touch or cross at any time (Figure). KM-estimated 3-year survival rates were 37.4% vs. 27.9% in the Oral-AZA and PBO arms, respectively (∆ +9.5% [95% CI 0.9%, 18.1%]).
 The LT Survivors cohort comprised 140 pts (29.7%) in the Oral-AZA (n = 83) and PBO (n = 57) arms who were known to be alive for ≥ 3 years. Compared with pts who died or were censored before 3 years, those in the LT Survivors group were more likely to have intermediate-risk cytogenetics (95% vs. 82%) and an NPM1 mutation (45% vs. 9%) at AML Dx, and less likely to be MRD+ at BL (33% vs. 52%). Among pts with post-IC MRD+ at BL, 71% (34/48) in the LT Survivors cohort achieved MRD negativity on-study, compared with 15% (26/172) in the < 3-year cohort (P < 0.0001).
 Conclusions: With > 1 year of additional survival follow-up, median OS in QUAZAR AML-001 remained unchanged in both Tx arms, but the tails of the Oral-AZA and PBO OS curves showed greater separation at later time-points than in the primary analysis (which may have been confounded by extensive censoring), indicating a sustained, long-term OS benefit with Oral-AZA. Intermediate-risk cytogenetics and NPM1 mutations at AML Dx, and absence of detectable MRD post-IC, were associated with long-term survival in QUAZAR AML-001.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Wei: Novartis, Celgene, AbbVie, Servier, AstraZeneca, and Amgen: Research Funding; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute: Ended employment in the past 24 months; Novartis, Astellas, Pfizer, MacroGenics, AbbVie, Genentech, Servier, Celgene, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Janssen: Honoraria. Döhner: Pfizer: Research Funding; Oxford Biomedicals: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Jazz: Honoraria, Research Funding; Helsinn: Honoraria; GEMoaB: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; Berlin-Chemie: Honoraria; Astex: Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Agios: Honoraria, Research Funding. Sayar: BMS: Honoraria. Ravandi: Taiho: Honoraria, Research Funding; Xencor: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Prelude: Research Funding; Syros Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Astex: Honoraria, Research Funding; Jazz: Honoraria, Research Funding; Agios: Honoraria, Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria. Montesinos: Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Stemline/Menarini: Consultancy; Forma Therapeutics: Consultancy; Glycomimetics: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Teva: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Tolero Pharmaceutical: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Astellas Pharma, Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Advisory board, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Dombret: Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Incyte: Honoraria, Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Servier: Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria; BMS-Celgene: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria. Selleslag: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen Cilag: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Alexion: Consultancy, Honoraria; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Honoraria; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria; Teva: Consultancy, Honoraria. Skikne: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment. Beach: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Tian: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment. Roboz: Celgene: Consultancy; MEI Pharma - IDMC Chair: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy; Jazz: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Mesoblast: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Otsuka: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Helsinn: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Actinium: Consultancy; Astex: Consultancy; Glaxo SmithKline: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Blueprint Medicines: Consultancy; Jasper Therapeutics: Consultancy; Janssen: Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy.


This paper analyses the impacts of climate change on food processing sectors worldwide. Specifically, we analyze the impacts that changes in agricultural productivity might have for seven food industry sectors, namely meat, vegetable oils and fats, dairy, sugar, processed rice, other food and beverage and tobacco. We use a general equilibrium approach, given the advantages that this methodology provides for worldwide analysis of productivity and its impacts on production, trade and prices of primary agriculture, and ultimately, food processing sectors. We use the GTAP model and database aggregated into 10 regions and 12 sectors, with special emphasis on food processing sectors. We analyze two different scenarios of crops yield changes based on Muller et al. (2009), one with full CO2 fertilization and one without it. With carbon fertilization, crop yields increase for almost all regions, but without fertilization, most regions present productivity declines. Overall, food processing output increases or decreases less with full fertilization. This holds in all regions for dairy products, beverages and tobacco and other food products. However, results across regions are mixed for vegetable oils and fats and processed rice, and to a lesser extent for meat and sugar. With full fertilization, prices drop for all food processing sectors, especially for oils and fats, processed rice and sugar. Without carbon fertilization, prices of food processing increase. Most of these results are driven by the effects on primary crop and livestock production, and the participation of these sectors in the overall cost structure of the food processing sectors. JEL Classification: L66, Q54, C68


The shallow nitrogen-vacancy center of diamond exhibits excellent sensitivity and resolution in the magnetic detection and quantum sensing areas. Compared with other methods, low-energy carbon ion implantation doesn't need high-purity diamond and introduce new impurity atoms, but the formation mechanism of nitrogen-vacancy center is not clear. In this paper, shallow nitrogen-vacancy centers were created in the diamond by low energy carbon ion implantation and vacuum annealing, and the transformation mechanism of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond was studied by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and positron annihilation analysis. The results showed that shallow nitrogen-vacancy can be obtained by carbon ion implantation combined with vacuum annealing. After implantation, superficial layer of diamond showed the damage zone including lattice distortion and amorphous carbon, and carbon-vacancy cluster defects (carbon atoms were surrounded by vacancy clusters) were generated. During the vacuum annealing process, the damaged area gradually transformed to the diamond structure through the recovery of the distortion area and the solid-phase epitaxy of the amorphous carbon area, accompanied by the continuous dissociation of carbon-vacancy cluster defects. When samples were annealed at 850 and 900, the℃℃ structure of the damaged area was partially repaired. While annealing at 950, not only the damaged laye℃ r was basically recovered, but nitrogen atoms captured the single vacancy obtained by the dissociation of carbon vacancy clusters, forming the nitrogen-vacancy centers.