Microbes have a profound impact on our health and environment, but our understanding of the diversity and function of microbial communities is severely limited. Through DNA sequencing of microbial communities (metagenomics), DNA fragments (reads) of the individual microbes can be obtained, which through assembly graphs can be combined into long contiguous DNA sequences (contigs). Given the complexity of microbial communities, single contig microbial genomes are rarely obtained. Instead, contigs are eventually clustered into bins, with each bin ideally making up a full genome. This process is referred to as metagenomic binning. Current state-of-the-art techniques for metagenomic binning rely only on the local features for the individual contigs. These techniques therefore fail to exploit the similarities between contigs as encoded by the assembly graph, in which the contigs are organized. In this paper, we propose to use Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to leverage the assembly graph when learning contig representations for metagenomic binning. Our method, VaeG-Bin, combines variational autoencoders for learning latent representations of the individual contigs, with GNNs for refining these representations by taking into account the neighborhood structure of the contigs in the assembly graph. We explore several types of GNNs and demonstrate that VaeG-Bin recovers more high-quality genomes than other state-of-the-art binners on both simulated and real-world datasets.


Publication Info Published in Journal of Biological Chemistry, Volume 263, Issue 18, 1988, pages 8816-8821. This research was originally published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Ahmed MU, Dunn JA, Walla MD, Thorpe SR, Baynes JW. Oxidative Degradation of Glucose Adducts to Protein: Formation of 3-(NeLysino)-Lactic Acid from Model Compounds and Glycated Proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1988; 263:8816-8821. © the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.


On-chip microscopy is a major improvement toward portable, completely automated, and high-throughput imaging of biological samples. Fabrication of such devices requires the integration of many different components that are not easy to manufacture with standard methods. Femtosecond laser micromachining of transparent materials is a powerful and versatile technology. High resolution, three-dimensional capabilities and rapid-prototyping possibilities make this technology extremely appealing for the combination of optical and fluidic components. Light-sheet microscopy in optofluidic chips will be presented, as well as the use of structured light to achieve super-resolution.


The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the biomass yield and flavonoid contents of Achyrocline satureioides grown under different levels of phosphate fertilizer in association with broiler litter, during two successive harvests. Four levels of P2O5 (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1), as triple superphosphate, and two levels of broiler litter (0 and 10 t ha-1) were arranged as a 4x2 factorial design in randomized blocks with four replications. Two harvests of plants, considered as split-plot, were made. Seeds were sown in polystyrene trays then transplanted to the experimental field and harvested at 195 and 223 days after transplanting (DAT). The maximum heights of the plants were 1.14 m under the addition of broiler litter and 0.97 m without it, at 195 days after transplanting. The highest yields of total fresh weight (30.31 ton ha-1) and dry weight (11.38 ton ha-1) were obtained at 223 DAT, both with the concentration of 300 kg ha-1 P2O5. The fresh weight of the inflorescences was greater under the addition of broiler litter (4.08 ton ha-1) than without it (3.49 ton ha-1). The plants grew linearly in response to the use of phosphate, and the maximum yield was 4.65 ton ha-1 under the concentration of 300 kg ha-1P2O5, regardless of the harvest season. The dry weight of the inflorescences reached maximum yield (2.38 ton ha-1) at 223 DAT, in response to the use of 300 kg ha-1P2O5. The highest yield of dry weight and the highest contents of flavonoids from the inflorescences were obtained when A. satureioides was grown under the concentration of P2O5 (300 kg ha-1) with the addition of broiler litter (10 ton ha-1) and harvested at 223 DAT.


— In smart home, smart taps will be important sensors that constitute a multi-hop home sensor network. Since a smart tap is connected to a household AC (Alternating Current) power, there is no need to consider batteries. Therefore, if power-supplied nodes like smart taps are selected as relay nodes, the network lifetime will be maximized. In this paper, we propose a novel route determination scheme that preferentially selects power-supplied nodes like smart taps as relay nodes in IPv6-implemented wireless sensor network for smart home. The proposed scheme is possible to prolong the network lifetime by distinguishing between power-supplied nodes and battery-powered nodes and selecting a power-supplied node as a relay node. We evaluated the performance of our proposed scheme by simulation and experimentation. Simulation and experimentation results show that our proposed scheme prolongs the network lifetime compared to the existing scheme. We also discussed the optimum parameter of the proposed scheme.


Review(s) of: Planet TV: A Global Television Reader, by Parks, Lisa and Kumar, Shanti (eds), New York University Press, New York and London, 2003, ISBN 0 8147 6692 7, 470 pp., US$25.00.


The study was carried out at the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (RTIU) Conservation Monitoring of Marine and Fishery Resources  (CMOMFS) of West Sumatera Province. The observation was conducted from January 1st to January 30th 2020. Measurements of sand samples in semi-natural nets and water samples in rearing ponds were conducted ex-situ. The research consisted of several parameters such as humidiy, temperature, depth and diameters of semi-natural nets as well as salinity, pH and water temperature of the rearing pond. Based on the observations, it was found that turtle breeding technique consisted of several stages including, monitoring of the coast, ensuring the depth and diameters of nets, incubation of eggs, hatching eggs, taking the hatchlings from semi-natural nets, nursery hatchlings, feeding hatchlings, rearing hatchlings and turtles and realesing hatchlings. The results showed that the value of humadity, temperature, dept and diameter of semi-natural nets respectively ranged between 4% - 6%, 28 - 35 0C, 40-60 cm and 20 cm. Meanwhile, the value of salinity, temperature and pH of rearing pond water ranged between 13 - 14 ppm, 27 - 28 0C and 7-8. The turtle breeding tecniques were in accordance with the guidelines for turtle conservation and had been generally established. The result of turtle rearing pond water quality measurements were in accordance with the water quality standards according to KepMenLH No. 51 in 2004 concerning Seawater Quality Standards, especially for the categoy of Marine Biota.Keywords: Strategy, Conservation, Turtle, CMOMFS


The Lekhwair/Habshan/Salil (or LHS) system is a carbonate succession that prograded by 300 km
toward the northeast across the eastern part of the Arabian Plate (Rayda Basin) from Berriasian to Early
Barremian. The system is organized as a series of large prograding clinoforms with amplitudes ranging
from 200 to 350 m.


The present invention relates to a LCD source driver (LCD SOURCE DRIVER), receives the digital video signal is a digital video signal blocks of a predetermined size is the serial input to be output from the first latch and said first latch is sequentially stored in the input, outputting the input digital video signal and the inverted digital video signal, a second latch, and wherein the received digital video signal and the inverted digital video signal outputted from the second latch input, a digital video signal or reversed according to the polarity control signal of the first multiplexer and outputting a digital video signal, receiving the digital video signal outputted from the second latch to the input, and wherein the inverted receiving a digital video signal or the inverted digital video signal outputted from the first multiplexer as an input control depending on the digital signal output from the second latch Receiving the audio signal or the second multiplexer, and a digital video signal or the inverted digital video signal outputted from the second multiplexer for selectively outputting the digital video signal or the inverted digital video signal outputted from the first multiplexer corresponding to the input of receiving an analog video signal of the polar polarity control signal and the inverted control signal low potential digital and outputting an analog signal of the polar-to-analog converter and the low-potential digital - (-) output from the analog converter to () according to (-) - yirueojyeoseo including an output buffer for outputting the signal DC voltage is added in a constant level on the analog video signal of the polarity, low potential digital output as an analog video signal of the polarity, or () - line only analog converter circuit both the method and the reverse dot inversion method By allowing hyeonhal, provides the effect of significantly reducing the layout area and power consumption of the chip.


Quasicrystal is now open to search for novel topological phenomena enhanced by its peculiar structure characterized by an irrational number and high-dimensional primitive vectors. Here we extend the concept of a topological insulator with an emerging staggered local magnetic flux (i.e., without external fields), similar to the Haldane's honeycomb model, to the Penrose lattice as a quasicrystal. The Penrose lattice consists of two different tiles, where the ratio of the numbers of tiles corresponds to an irrational number. Contrary to periodic lattices, the periodicity of energy spectrum with respect to the magnetic flux no longer exists reflecting the irrational number in the Penrose lattice. Calculating the Bott index as a topological invariant, we find topological phases appearing in a fractal energy spectrum like the Hofstadter butterfly. More intriguingly, by folding the one-dimensional aperiodic magnetic flux into a two-dimensional periodic flux space, the fractal structure of energy spectrum is extended to higher dimension, whose section corresponds to the Hofstadter butterfly.


By using the continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, the existence of a positive periodic solution for the predator-prey system with stage-structure for predator is established.


Grounded in Vygotskian sociocultural theory (SCT), this study examines Korean as a foreign language (KFL) students' emerging conceptual development of honorifics through their participation in concept-based language instruction (C-BLI). Seven participants were recruited from a second-semester elementary Korean class at a U.S. college, and various data were collected to trace the students' unfolding development-in-activity of three interrelated subconcepts of Korean honorifics; namely, power, distance, and formality. Qualitative findings suggest that, overall, students gained a deeper conceptual understanding and sociopragmatic awareness of using Korean honorifics through the development of these interrelated subconcepts and their participation in the goal-directed activities of C-BLI. In particular, the qualitative findings reveal that students' prior rules-of-thumb-based conceptualizations of honorifics transformed into more semantic, systematic, coherent, and complete understandings as students are in the process of becoming more self-regulated in planning and monitoring their mental and physical activity and their linguistic choices. This study points to the crucial importance of not only the quality of materials design but also how intentional and explicit instruction can be applied to second language teaching–learning processes.


The genetic algorithm and the surplus rectangle algorithm are used for solving the orthogonal packing problem of rectangles.Based on statistical analysis of some known results of the packing problem,a comparable standard for judging solution good or bad has been proposed,which adopted in classifying the parent population.For different classifications,corresponding genetic operations have been designed.And then an improved genetic algorithm has been constructed.Several rectangles packing problems have been solved by using this new algorithm and the optimum packing results have been achieved.This shows that the improved genetic algorithm is efficacious.


Two-dimensional model solving advection-dispersion equation was constructed with modified governing equation using finite element method. This model was testified by the comparison with the experimental results of the mixing in the laboratory S curved channel and also RMA4 was run at the same condition and compared. These results show the improved simulation result for the meandering channel.


: Infrared technologies provide tremendous value to our modern-day society, in the fields of remote sensing, imaging, metrology, product inspection, environmental monitoring, and biomedical diagnostics. The demand for the third-generation infrared photodetectors, to enable easy-to-fabricate, low-cost, and tunable infrared active optoelectronic materials, has driven the development of infrared colloidal quantum dots (CQDs). This review introduces the preparation methods of infrared CQDs and development of infrared CQD detectors, and lists the representative research results of CQDs in the field of optoelectronics. Finally, the infrared quantum dot photodetectors are summarized, and several research problems are proposed. The results of this study guide the commercialization of the infrared quantum dot detector.


Clinical presentation of scabies in neonates is unlike that of adults and older children, resulting in missed or delayed diagnosis. The eruptions are generalized, including involvement of the head, neck, face, palms, and soles, with an early tendency to pustule formation. Other lesions include papules, vesicles, and burrows, which may be obliterated by secondary lesions. A confusing clinical picture resulted in a delay in diagnosing scabies in a 25 day old neonate who was successfully treated with permethrin 5% cream.


Under physiologic conditions, cardiac output is regulated by the autonomic nervous system in a closedloop control system to meet hemodynamic and metabolic requirements. The control system has main inputs from baroreceptors and controls arterial blood pressure by changes of cardiac output and peripheral resistance. Rate-adaptive pacemakers based on different sensors are available for the treatment of chronotropic incompetence. The vast majority of pacemakers offer a ratemodulation function in an open loop approach, i.e., there is no feedback between pacing rate and the control signal [1]. Thus, widely used pacemaker sensors, such as activity detectors [2-7] and minute ventilation sensors [6][8][9], lack a feedback on the sensor signal for pacing rate regulation, which was also true for a range of pacemaker sensors used earlier [6][10-14]. Among present pacemaker sensors, only QT-based rate-adaptive pacing may be regarded as a closed-loop


This paper deals with the issues of education in Slovakia in the 21st century. The focus has been oriented on the system of higher education and on its current problems. At the present time there prevails an opinion that the quality, standard and demands of the university education is decreasing. In our paper we have carried out an empiric research mapping the opinions of employers of university lecturers and individual students of universities with regard to various aspects connected with university education. We have taken into regard the development of system of education after 1989 and the changes connected with it. The aim of the paper is to identify the current problems of higher education in Slovakia. The research question reads: What problems does the university education have at the present time? From the point of view of used methods we have selected work with literature and its analysis and also the questionnaire method. Subsequently we have analysed and evaluated the results of our survey.


In this paper, an exact outage probability expression of point to point cooperative network is derived. The technique is then applied to planar lattice network, where nodes are located in regular lattice points. As opposed to idealistic point to point cooperative network, the destination node in lattice network is not known a priori, and any node in the network has equal probability to be the selected destination. Using the derived outage expression, this paper studied the interrelation between traffic pattern (including traffic locality as well as traffic origins) and the achieved system performance.


As system of a serial of technologies and engineering activities, remanufacturing aims at restoring and rebuilding waste machinery through advanced technologies and industrialized measures under the direction of the product total life cycle theory. With the development of surface engineering, nano-surface engineering has been one subject of intensive studies. In addition, nano-surface engineering has become an important means for property reforming and promoting of remanufacturing parts. Many low-dimension and nano-size or nano-structure functional coatings, which can improve materials properties evidently, are deposited by new methods. In this paper, some researches about the new achievement and remanufacturing application of the nano-stmctured coatings by different nano-surface engineering technologies in our laboratory were introduced. Especially, nano-structured DLC multilayer coatings by d.c. plasma CVD, nano-composed Al_2O_3/Ni, SiC/Ni and Diamond/Ni coatings by brush plating, and nano-composed Al_2O_3/TiO_2 coating by plasma spraying were introduced in detail.


'Co-filled' and 'Fe-filled' multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were grown using microwave-plasma chemical vapour deposition (MPCVD) and thermal chemical vapour deposition (TCVD) methods respectively, and their structural and magnetic properties were studied for magnetic device applications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the average tube length ≈80–500 μm with outer (inner) diameter ≈20–50 (≈10–20) nm for MWCNTs prepared by both methods. The diffraction peaks of both x-ray diffraction patterns show the interlayer distance, d002 ≈ 3.36 Å, which is comparable to the graphite structure (d002 = 3.35 Å). The graphitic crystallite sizes (La) of MPCVD (TCVD) synthesized MWCNTs are ≈24.78 nm (≈22.13 nm) as obtained from the intensity ratio of (ID/IG) D-peak, the disordered structure of graphite and G-peak, the C−C bond in graphitic structure of Raman spectra. The magnetization of 'Fe-filled' TCVD grown MWCNTs is much higher than 'Co-filled' MPCVD grown MWCNTs due to the formation of higher content of Fe–C and/or Fe-oxides in the MWCNT structures. The higher magnetic coercivity ≈2900 Oe and formation of isolated single-domain Fe-nanoparticles in 'Fe-filled' TCVD grown MWCNTs, as found from SEM / TEM micrographs, makes the ferromagnetic MWCNTs a promising material for the high-density magnetic recording media.


The central kiloparsec region of the Andromeda galaxy is relatively gas poor, while the interstellar medium appears to be concentrated in a ring-like structure at about 10 kpc radius. The central gas depletion has been attributed to a possible head-on collision 200 Myr ago, supported by the existence of an offset inner ring of warm dust. We present new IRAM 30m radio telescope observations of the molecular gas in the central region, and the detection of CO and its isotopes $^{13}$CO(2-1) and C$^{18}$O(2-1), together with the dense gas tracers, HCN(1-0) and HCO+(1-0). A systematic study of the observed peak temperatures with non-LTE equilibrium simulations shows that the detected lines trace dense regions with n$_{H_2}$ in the range 2.5 $10^4 - 5.6 10^5$ cm$^{-3}$, while the gas is very clumpy with a beam filling factor of 0.5-2 10$^{-2}$. This is compatible with the dust mass derived from the far-infrared emission, assuming a dust-to-gas mass ratio of 0.01 with a typical clump size of 2 pc. We also show that the gas is optically thin in all lines except for $^{12}$CO(1-0) and $^{12}$CO(2-1), CO lines are close to their thermal equilibrium condition at 17.5-20 K, the molecular hydrogen density is larger than critical and HCN and HCO+ lines have a subthermal excitation temperature of 9 K with a density smaller than critical. The average $^{12}$CO/$^{13}$CO line ratio is high (~21), and close to the $^{12}$CO/C$^{18}$O ratio (~30) that was measured in the north-western region and estimated in the south-east stacking. The fact that the optically thin $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O lines have comparable intensities means that the secondary element $^{13}$C is depleted with respect to the primary $^{12}$C, as is expected just after a recent star formation. This suggests that there has been a recent starburst in the central region, supporting the head-on collision scenario.


Topological insulators in three dimensions are characterized by a Z2-valued topological invariant, which consists of a strong index and three weak indices. In the presence of disorder, only the strong index survives. This paper studies the topological invariant in disordered three-dimensional system by viewing it as a super-cell of an infinite periodic system. As an application of this method we show that the strong index becomes non-trivial when strong enough disorder is introduced into a trivial insulator with spin-orbit coupling, realizing a strong topological Anderson insulator. We also numerically extract the gap range and determine the phase boundaries of this topological phase, which ?ts well with those obtained from self-consistent Born approximation (SCBA) and the transport calculations.


Independent mobility is crucial for healthy aging. Although there are anticipated differences between older adults with earlier-in-life (EL) versus later-in-life (LL) incidence of mobility disability, the degree to which incidence periods impact performance within environments is unknown. While current evaluation methods rely heavily on subjective ratings, historically excluded populations are prone to underrepresent their own challenges. This paper describes an experiment comparing the assumed, perceived, and effective performance of manual wheelchair movement tasks to examine differences between EL and LL groups. Preliminary results found higher muscular exertion in the LL group compared to the EL group for similar movements, particularly in the anterior and posterior deltoid muscles. There was a greater mismatch between the assumed and perceived mental and physical demand for the LL group. For both groups, results suggest poorer mental models for moderate-difficulty tasks compared to high-difficulty tasks, suggesting a need for increased perceptual feedback within moderate-difficulty environments.


(1) Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council (IMAA/CNR), Italy (2) Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado (CIRES/CU), USA (3) Environmental Technology Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (ETL/NOAA), USA (4) Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Perugia (DIEI/UniPG), Italy


Benefits delfortgroup AG is a leading producer of specialty papers. The company manufactures thinner, more sustainable and tailor-made specialty papers. With six mills throughout Europe, the company maintains high demands for quality control and has a heightened need for perfect formation and homogeneity of the papers. Because of these high demands, delfortgroup wanted a tool for the objective judgment of the formation for its Dr. Franz Feurstein paper mill in Austria.


The article analyses historical video games whose narratives are confined to the "Cold War" thematic frame. Video games are treated as original cyber texts of modern screen culture which shape the current discourse of popular history. Emphasis is laid on both the ideological content of video game narratives and features of the media language in which they are publicly explicated.


The Fast Fourier Transform is a well-known algorithm used in many high-performance applications, ranging from signal processing to convolutional neural networks. In this paper, we encode FFTs by building high-level abstractions based on a set of functional parallel patterns in the Lift language. Abstractions are derived from and closely resemble mathematical definitions for FFTs. We leverage the Lift performance-portable code generator to generate high performing GPU code for FFTs. No FFT-specific patterns are required for this, showing the expressive power of the generic parallel patterns used in Lift. Our experimental results show that our approach achieves performance better than AMD's OpenCL implementation clFFT on an Nvidia GPU. Nvidia's highly optimized cuFFT implementation still performs better on their GPUs.


This discussion of Gray and Millman9s article [Economic Geology v. 57, no. 3] states that quantification of the instrumental techniques of ore microscopy is eminently desirable but the requisite standards must first be established.


The purpose of this study was to determine modulation of the cardiovascular response to exercise by Harvard step test in different age group subjects. A total of 90 enrolled for the Harvard step test (55 were males and 35 were females). All the subjects were randomly selected and divided into 3 groups. First group belonging to age group between 15–25 years, Second group of subjects between 26–35 years, Third group of subjects between 36–45 years were utilized. All the results were analyzed statistically using Student T test. Results showed higher cardiovascular efficiency in Group 1 subjects compared with Group II and Group – III subjects. Out of 90 subjects, only 5 subjects showed good cardio vascular efficiency and 26 subjects showed poor cardio vascular efficiency. Thus by this study, it may be concluded that there is decrease in heart rate with increase in the age. Men doing more physical work scored better in Harvard step test score.


In 2018, firms repurchased more than $1 trillion of their own shares for the first time. Given the enormous scale of this resource allocation away from investment in innovation and growth and towar...


In article the critical review of a modern line and integration of a science and innovations as bases of formation of competitiveness is given. The essence of competitiveness of service and management of competitiveness of the enterprises of sphere of maintenance and rendering of services reveals. The basic differences of maintenance and service, possible variants of process of service maintenance are described.


Trademark word is a special language with deep cultural connotation.Trademark words with Chinese as target language show the Chinese culture of long standing.This paper attempts to discuss cultural factors embodied by the translation of trademark words with Chinese as target language such as Chinese literature,Confucianism,aesthetic taste,taboo,sex,age,consumption psychology and so on.


The article focuses on the role of antibiotic use by livestock farmers in developing drug-resistant microorganisms and the resistance of the farm lobby to allowing scientists track the threat. It comments on the spread of antibiotic resistance through microorganisms including the role of plasmids in spreading resistance to other strains of bacteria. It mentions how the U.S. meat industry instructs livestock farmers to keep outsiders away. It talks about regenerative diversified farming.


Binding media are complex materials, employed to allow pigment grains to adhere to each other and to the surface of the support, through the formation of a coherent and homogeneous film. The function of the binder consists, therefore, in keeping the pigment particles firmly together and at the same time adhering them in the form of a coherent thin film to the surface of the support. The binder must obviously be in the fluid state, in order to form with the pigments a stable, homogeneous, stretchy, and viscous dough. For the realization of wall paintings and, in later times, for their preservation, different materials with functions of binders, adhesives, paints, protective and consolidating were and are still necessary. There is a very large class of products which can have both constitutive functions but also a function of conservation and restoration.


This paper investigates the utility of computing Time-Domain Green's Functions (TDGF) to be used for estimating velocity and attenuation structure for the purposes of nuclear explosion monitoring over local and near-regional distances. Our objective is to extend and apply the methodology of deriving TDGF for propagation between two receivers by cross correlation of seismic noise and/or coda of earthquakes observed at the receivers. We have previously shown that it is possible to obtain travel-time information for short-period surface waves (around 6 s) by cross correlating seismic noise at local and regional scales. The noise source exploited for this was the ever-present microseisms. In the present report, we focus on characterizing the spatiotemporal variation in microseisms from the Southern California seismic array. OBJECTIVES Our objective is to extend and apply the methodology of deriving TDGF for propagation between two receivers by cross-correlation of seismic noise and/or coda of earthquakes observed at the receivers. We have previously shown that it is possible to obtain travel-time information for short-period surface waves (around 6 s) by cross-correlating seismic noise at local and regional scales. We propose to add the following improvements the TDGF method: 1) modifications to better handle cases having non-isotropic noise; 2) implementing a system identification approach for obtaining reliable amplitude information for the TDGF, allowing for the estimation of attenuation along paths between receivers, and 3) extracting TDGF from Lg or Sn coda. In the present report, we focus on characterizing the azimuthal variation in microseisms form the Southern California seismic array. A non-uniform azimuthal distribution of energy might cause bias in travel times. The next objective will then be to demonstrate how much bias this will cause the extracted Greens functions and then use advanced beamforming approaches to correct for this bias. RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHED Introduction Cross-correlation of noise recordings has been demonstrated to be a way to infer the impulse response between receivers. Extensive work has been performed on this topic in the last few years in various fields of wave physics such as ultrasonics, underwater acoustics, and geophysics, with early demonstrations by Weaver and Lobkis, 2001, and Larose et al., 2004. Despite the very different scales involved in ultrasonics (wavelength ~ mm) compared to geophysics (wavelength ~ km), the basic physics of the process is the same. The impulse response between two receivers is the part of the noise that is coherent between the two points, even if, at first sight, it is deeply buried in local incoherent noise. After cross-correlating over a long time (for example, one month in Sabra et al., 2005b; Shapiro et al., 2005), the time derivative of the noise cross-correlation function (DCF) converges to the impulse response between the two receivers filtered in the bandwidth of the noise spectrum. A main issue in the convergence of the correlation process resides in the temporal and spatial distribution of the noise sources. From the temporal point of view, the noise spectrum defines the bandwidth frequency in which the impulse response will be retrieved. When receivers are far away from each other, the amplitude sensitivity of the receivers has to be such that the coherent propagating noise can be recorded on both receivers despite geometrical spreading and attenuation. This explains why only the slowly attenuated Rayleigh waves have dominated the results obtained so far from correlation of seismic noise. Using data recorded on a dense seismic network in Parkfield, California, we have successfully demonstrated that body waves can be retrieved (Roux et al., 2005b). The spatial distribution of seismic noise is also of importance. When noise sources are uniformly distributed on both sides of the receivers, the correlation function is symmetric in time, showing both the impulse response and its time-reversed signal (Snieder, 2004; Roux et al., 2005a; Sabra et al., 2005a). However, recent investigations using noise data recorded in Southern California did not result in a symmetric noise correlation function (NCF) because the noise was dominated by microseism originating from the ocean (Sabra et al., 2005a; Shapiro et al., 2005; Gerstoft et al., 2006b). Noise Cross-Correlation and the TGDF The cross-correlation Cij is computed from the observed fields vi (r1,t) located at r1 recording component i and vj (r2 , t) located at r2 recording component j by integration over the observation period T Cij (1,2,t) = vi (r1,τ )vi (r1,t − τ ) 0 T ! dτ (1) In practice, the cross-correlation is computed for each day and then ensemble averaged over all observed days. Analytic derivations for specific propagation models (Snieder, 2004; Roux et al., 2005a; Sabra et al., 2005a) and discussions in (Weaver and Lobkis, 2001; Weaver and Lobkis, 2004) give the following relationship between the time-derivative of the noise cross-correlation Cij (1,2, t) between two seismic stations 1 (located at r1 recording component i) and 2 (located at r2 recording component j) for the TDGF Gij (r1;r2 ,t) dC dt ≈ −Gij (r1;r2,t) + Gij (r1;r2,−t) (2) The TDGF Gij (r1;r2 , t) relates a unit force in direction i at r1 to the displacement response in direction j at r2 . In Equation (1), the terms on the right-hand side are respectively: (1) the TDGF that comes from noise events that propagate from station 1 to 2 and yields a positive-correlation time-delay t and (2) the time-reversed TDGF which comes from noise events that propagate from station 2 to 1 and yields a negative correlation time-delay –t. Thus, for a uniform noise source distribution surrounding the two stations, the derivative of the DCF will be a symmetric function with respect to the arrival time because seismic noise sources are distributed on both sides of the station pair. However, in the case of a predominant directional noise source (e.g., noise originating from ocean microseisms, see next section), the DCF will likely be one-sided. The DCF depends on the noise-spatial distribution and previous theoretical formulations assume an isotropic distribution. However, it can be argued qualitatively that if the noise field were dominated by a one-sided noise distribution, the DCF would have a shape as suggested in trace "B" of Figure 1b. This might represent the case of seismic noise dominated by microseisms (Sabra et al., 2005b; Shapiro et al., 2005). Another important case is a noise field that has two uncorrelated propagating components, e.g., seismic noise propagating as surface waves and body waves. The DCF would then have a shape as shown in trace "A" in Figure 1b. Removal/Reduction of Noise Directionality The seismic noise field is typically not isotropic and is dominated by noise sources having some preferred direction from a region, such as ocean microseisms (Bromirsky and Duennebier, 2002). Then, the station pair orientation will influence the quality of the TDGF that can be obtained from noise correlation. This yields one-sided arrival-time structure for the DCF. It can also cause a bias in travel-time estimation between the station pairs if the waves are not incoming near the station-pair axis (Gerstoft et al., 2006a). For example, if the noise source signal propagates mainly at an angle of 45 deg with respect to station pair axis, the resulting arrival DCF would overestimate the actual wave velocity by a factor of sqrt(2). To first order for a weakly scattering medium (e.g., the Earth's crust but not a random cavity), the regions of constructive interference for the noise sources contributing to the time-averaged DCF are roughly located in the two broad end-fire beams (Snieder, 2004; Roux et al., 2004; Sabra et al., 2005a). Noise sources located outside of these end-fire beams typically have a weaker contribution to the DCF. Thus, for a weakly scattering medium and anisotropic noise source distribution, coherent waveforms may not emerge easily from the DCF if the station pair is oriented roughly perpendicular to the main propagation path of the noise sources. In order to obtain unbiased TDGF, it is preferable to have noise coming from all directions (Wapenaar, 2004). In practice, the noise is strongly directional, but even then, it is still possible to obtain reasonable estimates of the arrival time. These will likely be biased, and we expect that the amplitude of the arrival is more sensitive to a nonuniform distribution of the noise. In principle, by beamforming it should be possible to eliminate certain directions and/or enhance arrivals from other directions. The approach would then be transforming the noise to the two-dimensional (2-D) slowness domain, filtering, and then transforming the slowness spectrum back to the time domain. As long as the propagating noise level is above the nonpropagating noise level, we expect such a transformation to be feasible. Three related filtering approaches are a) removal of noise propagating in certain directions, b) enhancing certain directions, and c) equalizing the directional noise arrival spectrum so that the noise arrives uniformly from all directions. Instead of forming a beam in the direction towards the noise source (Rost and Thomas, 2002), we will null steer on these sources, which actually is the complement of beamforming and a standard goal of adaptive array processing (e.g., Johnson and Dudgeon, 1993). The purpose of this is to eliminate signals from certain directions. Ideally, this would lead to spatial prewhitening of the signals. The spatial prewhitening should give good results as long as noise is propagating in all directions (it should not be a problem that some directions have more energy). Spatially prewhitening the propagating noise field should result in more stable TDGF and unbiased travel times. Seismic Noise Beamforming Using continuous data recorded in the y


Data aggregation can significantly reduce the amount of data transmitted to the base station, therefore improve the energy efficiency and prolong the wireless network lifetime. However the sensor nodes may be deployed in remote and hostile environments where attackers may inject false information or forge aggregation values without being detected. Thus, security issue becomes an important research field in data aggregation for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, the secure data aggregation schemes are categorized into hop by hop aggregation and end to end aggregation, and then the secure data aggregation schemes are reviewed and analyzed based on four phases: bootstrapping, data aggregation, verification and remedy. In addition, some topics for future search directions are pointed out.


A PCM (Phase Change Material) modified lime-pozzolan plaster for improvement of thermal energy storage of building envelopes is studied in the paper. The investigated plaster is composed of lime hydrate, pozzolan admixture based on metakaolin and mudstone, silica sand, water and paraffin wax encapsulated in polymer capsule. The reference plaster without PCM application is studied as well. The analyzed materials are characterized by bulk density, matrix density, total open porosity, compressive strength and pore size distribution. The temperature of phase change, heat of fusion and crystallization are studied using DSC (Difference Scanning Calorimetry) analysis performed in air atmosphere. In order to get information on materials hygrothermal performance, determination of thermal and hygric properties is done in laboratory conditions. Experimental data reveal a substantial improvement of heat storage capacity of PCM-modified plaster as compared to the reference material without PCM.


A 2D full wave method for computing the frequency dependent RLGC parameters of general dispersive, dissipative guided wave structures is proposed. The method directly computes the modal fields and the complex propagation constant of the structure. The characterization of a mode in the form of its equivalent RLGC parameters makes the method particularly convenient for SPICE modeling. The method is based on the solution of a set of discretized Maxwell's equations formulated as a sparse complex general eigenvalue problem.


In consideration of national benefit,the policy of religious tolerance was adopted by the Great Elector Frederick William and his successions in the early period of Prussian modern nation.The policy promoted economic growth,which supplied the material wealth for the enhancement of military forces and initial territorial unification.At the same time,it provided the core values and moral norms for the social integration which are necessary for territorial unification.These were the spiritual and material basis for Prussian absolute monarch.


The utility model relates to a measuring tool, which is used for measuring flexibility of human ankle joints. The utility model replaces an old measuring method of difference value of distance that people subtract distance that tiptoes are from the wall from height of the chin and the ground when a subject stands up, an angle measuring ruler which can reflect rotary amplitude of the ankle joints can be adopted; the front side of a shin bone can push the angle measuring ruler to rotate, and a method that when the angle is larger, the result is better can be adopted. The measuring tool which has double-purpose characteristics for an instrument is used for measuring flexible diatheses of human bodies and selecting athletes. The utility model can be used for examining recovery degree of joint functions for recovery hospitals, orthopaedics hospitals, etc.


In the original manuscript, the text in figure 1 is illegible. Furthermore, there is an unnecessary carriage return (page 1716, ~line 18) "crystallographic ... methods".


A study has been made of high-resolution absorption spectra of C12S2 and C13S2 in the region 4300–3300 A. The spectra are shown to arise from transitions from the ground state to two or more excited electronic states. In the lowest excited state the molecule is not linear, and the following constants have been derived for C12S232:There is some uncertainty as to the absolute values of v2, and this greatly influences the determination of v3 and v000. With the most probable numbering, v2 = 940 cm−1 and v000 = 26187 cm−1. From a study of the four isotopic species C12S232, C12S32S34, C13S232, and C13S32S34, it is found that, in addition to a stretching and bending force constant, two large interaction constants are needed to describe the force system. Data on the higher excited states are fragmentary. The species of the electronic states is still in doubt.


Abstract:Drawing from a theory of racial literacy and literature on the post-racial phenomenon after the 2008 election, this case study examines how high school students of color have learned about Barack Obama as a racial and political figure. Findings suggest that schools can be unfriendly spaces for learning about these topics, with history and social studies courses failing to address Barack Obama or the election in a meaningful way. However, students pick up rich, though scattered, information through out-of-school sources such as family, community, and media. These findings suggest a need for greater consideration of Obama-related content in formal curriculum. The findings also imply that teachers must provide opportunities for students to contextualize, extend, and make sense of their out-of-school learning about race and Obama in the academic safety of the school environment.


The effect of unilateral renal sympathectomy on renal excretion of water and sodium was studied in three groups of Inactin-anaesthetized rats: 1-3, 4-19, and 20-35 weeks after denervation. Increased sodium excretion from the denervated kidney in the absence of changes in GFR was observed up to 35 weeks following renal denervation. Thus, in a functional sense, renal reinnervation may have only been partial during the time interval studied.


We examine the motivations for forming regulatory agencies and the features that are critical for their success. Governments create independent regulatory agencies to address two fundamental problems in the control of public utilities, namely the dampening effect that politics has on investment and the value of specialized knowledge. Agencies are more effective in stimulating investment if they are insulated from political pressures to behave opportunistically and if they have sufficient resources to overcome information asymmetries with operators. Forming or reforming regulatory systems create adaptive challenges for those whose authority, influence, and traditions are affected. Trained leadership professionals are often needed to help stakeholders through these transitions.


Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze the results of mycological cultures obtained in the years 2014-2019. The study included an analysis of the incidence of mycosis with regard to their location, as well as the proportion of individual etiological factors in the infection.
Methods: The study included materials from 999 patients who gave a total of 1103 cultures. The material was taken directly from the material and mycological cultures were established.
Results: Positive results accounted for 35,8%. Trichophyton rubrum (44.2%) was the most common etiologic agent of dermatophytes. Among the yeast-like fungi, Candida albicans (8.8%) and Candida parapsilosis (7,6%) were the most common.
Conclusions: Infectious lesions were mainly caused by dermatophytes, where Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes dominated.


ABSTRACT This study examines the opportunities to upgrade the Korean pharmaceutical industry from imitation to innovation through the development of phytomedicine. Phytomedicines are modern drugs developed by scientifying traditional medicines which have been an overlooked source of knowledge for innovation in studies on latecomers' industrial development. This study illustrates the emergence of phytomedicine in Korea in view of the sectoral innovation system and the global value chain. It determines the technological and socio-economic conditions for the development of the new phytomedicine sector and discusses its role in upgrading the local pharmaceutical industry. The findings highlight that phytomedicine development provides an alternative path for continuing incremental innovation, which is still a common practice of most latecomers' industrial development. For latecomers' pharmaceutical industries, incremental innovation has been regarded as being increasingly difficult to adopt due to the large technological and marketing gap between generic drugs and innovative patented drugs.


Ethiopia has adopted a free market economic policy in 1992, and in line with this has promoted private investment. With the introduction of market economy, Ethiopia has implemented a number of reforms including the privatization of state owned enterprises, liberalization of foreign trade, deregulation of domestic prices, and devaluation of the exchange rate. The Birr has been fairly stable undergoing a gradual devaluation from 6.8 Birr per U.S. Dollar. Ethiopia's exchange rate has remained fairly stable due to the government's appropriate monetary policies and considerable foreign exchange reserves. With its enormous resources, the country has untapped investment opportunities, huge market access and low cost of doing business. The country has excellent climate, fertile soil and huge domestic raw material base. Its location is strategic that makes it close to the lucrative markets of the Middle East, Asia and Europe.


During the past three years the Rochester MP tandem accelerator and associated equipment have been used to develop the techniques for the detection of naturally occuring radioisotopes and rare atoms such as the platinum group elements (PGE). Isotope ratios below 10-15 (for 14C and 36Cl) and PGE element abundances down to at least 10-9 (1 ppb) have been detected. Isotope ratios are also being measured in an effort to develop the techniques for radioisotope dating, element abundance measurements (by isotope dilution), nuclear cross section measurements, cosmic ray exposure ages etc. The apparatus at Rochester is now being further developed to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the measurements and equipment for Toronto is being built at General Ionex exclusively for isotope and rare element abundance studies in geology, archaeology and nuclear physics.


Objective: To analyze the HSP/SPG3A genomic structure and polymorphism in some normal subjects.Methods: Polymorphism analysis of hereditary spastic paraplegia(HSP) gene,SPG3A among 110 normal subjects was carried out by 3 100 genetic analyzer and DNAstar software.Results: Polymorphisms were identified in exon 2(A to G substitution at cDNA position 84) and exon 3(A to G substitution at cDNA position 351).They also revealed a T to G substitution in intron 3,an A to C substitution in intron 4,and a G to A substitution in intron 6.Conclusion: Polymorphisms analysis of 96 to 192 SPG3A alleles in control subjects revealed only two coding sequence polymorphisms,both of which were conserved.Neither of these nucleotide changes altered predicted amino acids.Nonetheless,it is important for investigators to be aware of these sequence variants as they are relatively frequent.Understanding SPG3A's genomic organization and polymorphism content will facilitate its analysis in HSP and other degenerative neurological disorders.


The "developmental stake hypothesis" has been proposed for the frequent finding that aged parents consistently report higher levels of closeness to and consensus with their (adult) children than these children do themselves. This study investigated an alternative hypothesis: Drawing on research on prosocial behaviour in old age, it proposes that the aged tend to construe all social relationships in a positively biased manner ("leniency hypothesis"). Using a quasi-experimental (vignette) approach, scenarios describing two family members discussing a controversial issue were presented to 809 middle-aged (aged 40 to 50 years) and aged subjects (over-65s). The lineage composition of the dyads of family members in the scenarios (i.e. aged parent and adult child vs. two adult siblings) was varied systematically as a between-subjects factor, and the controversial issue was varied as a within-subjects factor. Dependent variables were the participants' evaluative and prescriptive judgements on the protagonists' behaviour and the quality of their relationship. Overall, results showed that the aged perceived all scenarios in a significantly more positive light than middle-aged participants, regardless of their lineage composition. Thus, a "positivity bias" was observed in judgements of both intergenerational as well as intragenerational dyads, and it is concluded that the leniency hypothesis provides a better account of these findings than the stake hypothesis.


Sarcoidosis is a chronic disease of unknown etiology, characterized by lesion of the lymphatic system, internal organs and skin with the formation of specific granulomas. For a long time it was believed that sarcoidosis is atypically flowing tuberculosis, today it is considered as polyetiological - there are theories of infectious agents, antigenic influences, autoimmune, genetic theories. In this disease, the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes are more often affected, less often the nervous system, eyes, skin, and bone marrow. Sarcoidosis of the central nervous system (neurosarcoidosis) is diagnosed in most cases when the disease has already taken a severe course and is incurable. Cerebral sarcoidosis, pseudotumorous, multifocal forms are distinguished. The clinical course of the disease is changeable: fast or slow, with remission, or steadily progressive. Despite the introduction of the latest neuroimaging methods in the diagnosis, the clinical examination of the patient remains the primary basis for the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. Given the diversity of the clinical course of neurosarcoidosis, we give a description of the clinical case of this disease. In our case, it is quite difficult to talk about forecasts, taking into account the long time that has passed before the diagnosis was verified, the minimum manifestations from the nervous system and the individual body response to the current granulomatous process.


Objective:To analysis of obstetric nursing innovation patterns in pregnant women of influence,to improve the quality of nursing care delivery method.Methods:From August 2012 October 2011 in our hospital 120 cases of pregnant women as the research object,were randomly divided into routine nursing group and the innovation nursing group,routine nursing group take the routine nursing,innovation of nursing group in the usual care group based on the psychological nursing care,two groups of mode of delivery,delivery time carries on the contrast analysis.Results:The innovation of nursing patients to mode of delivery,delivery time and routine nursing group,a statistically significant difference ( P0.05).Conclusion:On the basis of conventional care,pregnant women for effective psychological nursing care,to eliminate the fear of a patient,the restless mood,improve the natural birth rate,reduce the time of delivery,the delivery quality has important sense.


The N6Dand NB medium containing different hormones(IAA,NAA,2,4-D,6-BA and KT)were used to study the callus rate of Oryza rufipogon Griff,so as to determine the best medium for O.rufipogon Griff.And the shoot induction rate from embryonic calli was also observed.The result showed that,after the seeds were placed on medium for 7d,the callus ratio from N6Dmedium with 6.0mg/L 2,4-D,3.0mg/L NAA,3.0mg/L IAA,1.5mg/L KT was 56.7%,while the diameter of callus reached to 0.31cm.And then the callus of O.rufipogon Griff were transferred to MS dedifferentiation medium for 24d,the callus became the green plants.This is a quick system for differentiation and dedifferentiation of O.rufipogon Griff.


Many complex engineering systems can be represented in a topo-logical form, such as graphs. This paper utilizes a machine learning technique called Geometric Deep Learning (GDL) to aid designers with challenging, graph-centric design problems. The strategy presented here is to take the graph data and apply GDL to seek the best realizable performing solution e ff ectively and e ffi ciently with lower computational costs. This case study used here is the synthesis of analog electrical circuits that at-tempt to match a specific frequency response within a particular frequency range. Previous studies utilized an enumeration technique to generate 43,249 unique undirected graphs presenting valid potential circuits. Unfortunately, determining the sizing and performance of many circuits can be too expensive. To reduce computational costs with a quantified trade-o ff in accuracy, the fraction of the circuit graphs and their performance are used as input data to a classification-focused GDL model. Then, the GDL model can be used to predict the remainder cheaply, thus, aiding decision-makers in the search for the best graph solutions. The results discussed in this paper show that additional graph-based features are useful, favorable total set classification accuracy of 80% in using only 10% of the graphs, and iteratively-built GDL models can further subdivide the graphs into targeted groups with medians significantly closer to the best and contain-ing 88.2 of the top 100 best-performing graphs on average.


As busy music teachers, we try to strike a balance between everything that we want to accomplish in a lesson and the constraints of our own teaching circumstances. What is sometimes overlooked in our efforts to fulfill our expectations is how our students really see us and what we are communicating to them with our bodies. Nonverbal exchanges such as hand gestures or facial expressions between a teacher and students can impact learning experiences in music classrooms or rehearsals. Being aware of our nonverbal output will help us to be more consistent and effective communicators and to create environments that are conducive to positive learning experiences and exciting classrooms.


Objective: To evaluate maternal perception of children's nutritional status in elementary school at public schools in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out at the beginning of the first semester of 2013 with 495 schoolchildren of both genders, enrolled from first to fourth grades of elementary school in 12 schools in Porto Alegre, with their respective mothers. The agreement between the children's nutritional status and maternal perception has been assessed through the weighted Kappa test. Chi-squared test was used to assess the association between maternal perception of children's nutritional status by gender, maternal nutritional status and children's nutritional status. The results were considered significant when the P value was ≤ 0.05. Results: As for the nutritional status, 0.2% of children were underweight, 61.0% were eutrophic, and 38.4% were overweight. About 51.6% of children with overweight had their nutritional status underestimated by their mothers (Kappa = 0.36; P < 0.001), being 59.1% among boys and 44.3% among girls with overweight (Kappa = 0.27; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The distorted maternal perception of the children's nutritional status may affect the adoption of healthier lifestyles and result in the development of chronic diseases. Public health strategies focused on understanding the severity of overweight as a health problem and the importance of the family environment are the first step in a campaign to prevent obesity.


Forests are critical to the planetary operational system and evolved without human management for millions of years in North America. Actively managing forests to help them adapt to a changing climate and disturbance regime has become a major focus in the United States. Aside from a subset of forests wherein wood production, human safety, and experimental research are primary goals, we argue that expensive management interventions are often unnecessary, have uncertain benefits, or are detrimental to many forest attributes such as resilience, carbon accumulation, structural complexity, and genetic and biological diversity. Natural forests (i.e., those protected and largely free from human management) tend to develop greater complexity, carbon storage, and tree diversity over time than forests that are actively managed; and natural forests often become less susceptible to future insect attacks and fire following these disturbances. Natural forest stewardship is therefore a critical and cost effective strategy in forest climate adaptation.


Amplified spontaneous emission of the 2p53s3P1-2p53p3D2 transition at 50.8 nm in neon-like titanium ion has been observed in a line-shaped plasma produced by focusing a long laser pulse of 5 ns on a slab target for keeping population inversion for a long time.


Providing new production alternatives in the development of the economy in rural areas of Turkey is of particular importance. Geographical indication (GI) labelling differentiates a product from its competitors as to the region where it originated. The improvement of GI labelling production strengthens the efforts of the rural regions in maintaining high standards of the product quality regarding to the health. This paper investigates the way GI is implemented by pestil (dried fruit pulp) producers in Gumushane province in Turkey. A framework formulated is urgently needed to allow the pestil producers to promote their local product to a wider market.


Our resources are limited, and we need to better make use of what's around us, giving clean sustainable energies, a solid chance in the future. The world is heading toward a digitized future. Already, an entire generation has grown up immersed in the digital world. This paper talks about recent developments where we can fully digitize the Electrical distribution which help in improving safety for people and assets, increase power reliability and business continuity, optimize operational and energy efficiency, achieve sustainability goals and meet regulatory compliance.


Diagnostic puncture or catheterization is probably the commonest cause of serious arterial injury in current civilian surgical practice. The most frequent complications are arterial thrombosis, bleeding from the puncture site, false and arteriovenous aneurysm formation, and cerebral embolism. Eight instances of arterial occlusion have been treated in one hospital in less than 18 months–1 followed arterial puncture, 3 followed operative insertion of catheters maintained for repeated blood‐sampling, I followed Seldinger catheterization for arteriography, and 3 followed cardiac catheter studies–during which time 1400 such procedures were carried out.


Analysis of time series is used to develop simple models which can forecast, interpret, and analyze the result concerning its field of application. The main purpose of this study was to check and model the volatility in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for the near future. The stock exchange data are highly volatile and there are many factors which affect the daily market returns. A developing country like Pakistan is interfered by the conditions of International Monetary Fund (IMF), dollar fluctuations and thus, it becomes very difficult to forecast these returns due to continuous effect of above and many other factors (which are unknowns). Generally, in the presence of these factors, the naive or simple models do not perform efficiently because of their ability to model averages and thus volatility models are used which model variation in the data. We used dataset from 2 nd June 2006 to 23 rd August 2020 using rolling window technique and find GARCH (3,2) as best model to forecast PSX returns.


The American Psychiatric Association Board of Trustees announced that it has approved the final diagnostic criteria for the DSM-5. According to the board, the APA has passed a "major milestone" on the way to its publication slated for May 2013.


Students are given mixtures of colored compounds and three chromatographic matricies (cation exchange, anion exchange, and gel filtration). In the first of two lab periods students are given two mixtures of three components each. They "run" each of these samples on each of the three columns. Before the next lab period, each student is expected to design a multi-column procedure for separating a five-component mixture using the knowledge gained from the first phase of the experiment. In the second lab period, students perform the procedure they have devised. This experiment gives students experience in linked multiple chromatographic steps that are typically used in protein purification. Colored compounds are used instead of proteins to eliminate the need for "reading" fractions in a spectrophotometer and to allow students to watch the separations happen in "real time". Since the physical and chemical properties (size, charge, etc.) of the compounds involved are well defined, students are able to correlate...


Herniation in the lumbar area is one of the most common diseases which results in lower back pain (LBP) causing discomfort and inconvenience in the patients' daily lives. A computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system can be of immense benefit as it generates diagnostic results within a short time while increasing precision of diagnosis and eliminating human errors. We have proposed a new method for automatic diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation based on clinical MRI data. We use T2-W sagittal and myelograph images. The presented method has been applied on 30 clinical cases, each containing 7 discs (210 lumbar discs) for the herniation diagnosis. We employ Otsu thresholding method to extract the spinal cord from MR images of lumbar disc. A third order polynomial is then aligned on the extracted spinal cords, and by the end of preprocessing stage, all the T2-W sagittal images will have been prepared for specifying disc boundary and labeling. Having extracted an ROI for each disc, we proceed to use intensity and shape features for classification. The extracted features have been selected by Local Subset Feature Selection. The results demonstrated 91.90%, 92.38% and 95.23% accuracy for artificial neural network, K-nearest neighbor and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers respectively, indicating the superiority of the proposed method to those mentioned in similar studies.


The thesis is divided into four main chapters. The first charter is theoretical and describes marketing in transport. The sekond charter describes the analytical marketing tools used by the Public Transit Company of Prague. The final chapters follow the analytical part and dealing with proposals for improvements in marketing tools and theire valuation.


Larvae from the non-biting midge family Chironomidae have previously been demonstrated to be sensitive to environmental pollution in aquatic environments. Exposure to different contaminants has resulted in an increasing occurrence of deformities of the mouthparts in the larvae. Common pollutions which induce mouthpart deformitys are metals (such as Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Hg, Cr, Ni), pesticides and some oils. The objective of this study was to examine the rate of mouthparts deformity among Chironomidae larvaes collected in the Swedish river Skelleftealven. The larvaes in this study where collected with a Ekman dredge at 12 different locations along the river. Five of these locations were included in this project.

To investigate the environmental effects of possible local environmental pollutions from the city Skelleftea, most of the sampling sites where situated through the center of the city. One sample was collected upstream in a tributary to Skelleftealven. The collected larvae subfamilies were identified and the mouthparts photographed and analysed.

All of the analysed locations showed an increased frequency of mouthpart deformities compared to the reference site. The frequency of the mouthpart deformities ranged between 9-30 % which could indicate that the larvae have been exposed to some kind of environmental pollution.


The scope of thi
s work is to carry out a corporate law and capit al market law
analysis on the regulations involving crowdfunding in its equity modality, focusing
on the legislation that currently allows the equity crowdfunding proceeding within
the capital market. The work will deal with the modalities of crowdfunding to then
discuss about the specific aspects of the modality that involves securities and rules
in the regulations by the Comissao de Valores Mobiliarios (Securities and
Exchange Commission of Brazil). Due to the current theme, we will also present
general a spects of equity crowdfunding in the world, and the specific regulation
proposal in Brazil. This work , therefore, seeks to understand the current scenario
of equity crowdfunding in Brazil through the analysis of national and international
doctrine on the s ubject to present the relevant points of the legislation involved
and also what can be expected from the regulation that is coming. The objective of
this work is to analyze and evaluate, in fact, the corporate and regulatory aspects
of equity crowdfunding , with the verification of the legislation and concepts and
definitions already existing in national and international doctrine.


Since the past decades, nanoparticles have been extensively used as drug carriers and several nanomedicines are nowadays available in the market. Nevertheless, it is recognized that a better understanding of how nanoparticles overcome biological barriers can help to further improve nanomedicine efficacy. Among many biological barriers, the formation of a protein corona on the nanoparticles after administration and the need to target and cross specific endothelial cell barriers to reach the targeted tissue represent two critical aspects that can still limit nanomedicine effficacy. Within this context, the aim of the thesis was to gain a better understanding of nanoparticle interactions with endothelial cell barriers, and at the same time, to exploit the protein corona as a tool to discover novel targeting strategies towards specific endothelial cell types. We show that the differentiation of endothelial cells into cell barriers affects nanoparticle uptake, suggesting the importance of using appropriate cell barrier models for in vitro testing. Furthermore, we found that endothelia of different organs showed different nanoparticle uptake efficiency, indicating that endothelial cell heterogeneity also affects nanoparticle uptake. Next, we used correlation analysis between the corona composition of different nanoparticles and their uptake efficiency in endothelial cells from different organs to identify corona proteins associated to increased or decreased uptake in the different endothelia. Finally, by using different methods based on corona proteomics, biotinylation, and nanoparticle uptake, we could identify (unique) cell receptors involved in nanoparticle uptake in brain and liver endothelium.


In the article theoretical preconditions of a description of dynamics of manoeuvrability of machine-tractor, aggregates with a wheeled-tracked mover are considered. For a machine-tractor aggregate with half-tracked progress theoretical formulas of determination of an actual turning radius, the moment of resistance of turn and torque for rotation are obtained. The theoretical preconditions are confirmed by experimental research of the manoeuvrability of the machine-tractor aggregate with the tractor on a halftracked progress, made as the experimental sample. The dependences of the turn coefficient and the resistance coefficient of the turn are obtained, and the correlation coefficients and their significance have confirmed the existence of a stable connection between the changing parameter and the response function. Proceeding from theoretical and experimental research, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the manoeuvrability of the tractor with a wheeled-crawler mover does not concede to the tractor in the basic execution.


Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and related manifold embedding techniques generate nonlinear projections of high‐dimensional data onto low‐dimensional subspaces. However, due to the nonlinearity of these methods, there is no analogous transformation matrix (i.e., the loadings or eigenvectors) that allows one to see the corresponding relationship between each sample location and each feature (e.g., wavelength). We propose a mechanism that embeds the pairwise distance structure of UMAP‐type embeddings into the machinery of principal component analysis such that one can recover an approximate set of loading vectors associated with the intrinsic topology of high‐dimensional data.


Staying in Tune: Traditions and Musical Instruments of the Francophonie. An online exhibition of the Canadian Heritage Information Network and the Virtual Museum of Canada.SUNNIFASS


Objective To investigated the protection effect on heart and kidney of telmisartan,while brough high blood pressure down.Methods Choice in our hospital out-patients with essential hypertension 1,2-grade 80 cases,out 2 weeks after the other antihypertensive drugs,oral telmisartan 80mg,the average observed for 2 years to compare echocardiographic parameters,ST segment changes,blood and urine 24h β2-microglobulin changes before and after treatment.Results After treatment,echocardiographic parameters ST segment changes,blood and urine 24h β2-microglobulin compared with those before treatment have improved to varying degrees,the differences were statistically significant(P0.01或P0.05).Conclusion Telmisartan in the treatment of hypertension,while heart and kidney had a good protective effect,but it should be a long-term treatment adherence.


Using Signals, Underwater Sound (SUS) explosive charges as broad-band acoustic sources, a high-quality set of surface scattering strengths was measured throughout the Critical Sea Test (CST) experiments. These measurements were made for wind speeds ranging from /spl sim/1 to 18 m/s and covered grazing angles from /spl sim/5/spl deg/ to 30/spl deg/ and frequencies from /spl sim/60 to 1000 Hz. A new empirical algorithm was developed based on a multiparameter multidimensional nonlinear fit to all the SUS data from CST-1 through CST-7. This new algorithm returns the surface scattering strength for a given frequency, grazing angle, and wind speed. The new formulation explored the use of backaveraging the wind speeds in time (as opposed to using the instantaneous wind speed) to allow for the influence of processes driven by the wind history, In this paper, details of the development of this new algorithm will be discussed, comparisons with earlier prediction algorithms (the Ogden-Erskine and Chapman-Harris algorithms) will be made, and the important differences between the various CST SUS data sets will be highlighted and possible explanations offered. Finally, suggestions for further improvements to the algorithm are made.


Items involving L. D. Miles' letter to Senator Robert Taft, Ohio, re: cost of two-color printing of Ohio sales tax receipts. Using one ink color would get better value. Includes letter from Keith Miller telling of Ohio's new one-color stamps.


Hybrid poly(lactic acid)/titania (PLA/TiO2) fibrous membranes exhibiting excellent air filtration performance and good antibacterial activity were prepared via the electrospinning technique. By varying the composition of the precursor solutions and the relative humidity, the morphologies of PLA/TiO2 fibers, including the nanopores and nanometer-scale protrusions on the surface of the fibers, could be regulated. The distribution of nanopores and TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of PLA/TiO2 fibers was investigated. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis revealed that nanopores and nanometer-scale protrusions play an important role in improving the specific surface area and nanopore volume of the relevant PLA/TiO2 fibrous membrane. Filtration performance tests conducted by measuring the penetration of sodium chloride aerosol particles with a 260 nm mass median diameter indicated that fibers with a high surface roughness, large specific surface area, and large nanopore volume greatly improved the particle capture efficiency and facilitated the penetration of airflow. Furthermore, the introduction of TiO2 nanoparticles endows the relevant fibrous membrane with antibacterial properties. The as-prepared PLA/TiO2 fibrous membrane loaded with 1.75 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles formed at a relative humidity of 45% exhibited a high filtration efficiency (99.996%) and a relatively low pressure drop (128.7 Pa), as well as a high antibacterial activity of 99.5%.


Objective To investigate the effect of educating the parents how to feed the infants scientifically and to avoid the occurrence of the infant nutrition disorders in community.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on the parents of infants who were no more than three months old.The parents were randomly divided into two groups:the observation group and the control group.The observation group received the systematic health education.Results The parents that received health education obtained relevant knowledge of supplementary food addition,which apparently increased the timeliness rate of the supplementary food addition to their infants.The rate of the observation group is obviously higher than that of the control group(P0.01).Conclusion The implementation of health education in the community on infant supplementary food addition can effectively improve the level of child-feeding of parents.


Two pollution zones in middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River were selected for studying restoration processes. In each zones 6 stations were set up in upper stream of sewage outfall, 50m, 100 or 150m, 250 or 525m and 1250 or 3500m apart from the outfall. Chemical monitoring and microbial community biomonitoring were carried out simultaneously. Either the chemical monitoring or the biological monitoring proved the self-purification process of water body along with the increased distance from the sewage outfall. 4 biological parameters (species number of protozoa, percentage of phytomatigophora, diversity index and heterotrophy index) and parameter Seq of the colonization process all have statistically significant correlations with chemical comprehensive pollution indexes Pa and Pb.


Purpose: To report a case of endothelial keratitis occurred after reactivation of herpes simplex virus following immunosuppressant therapy for Kaposi's varicelliform eruption. Case summary: A 23-year-old female was referred for ocular pain and blurred vision. She had atopic dermatitis and was diagnosed with Kaposi's varicelliform eruption on her face after using an immunosuppressant. Slit lamp examination revealed central corneal edema in the right eye. She was initially diagnosed with contact lens-induced keratitis. Subsequently, the contact lens was removed and topical antiviral agent used for prevention of ocular involvement. Four days after treatment, Wesseley immune ring of deep stromal haze and cells in the anterior chamber were present. She was diagnosed with endothelial keratitis caused by reactivation of herpes simplex virus after using an immunosuppressant. Topical steroid, hypertonic saline eye drops and cycloplegic eye drops were added to the treatment for the progression of endothelial keratitis. Corneal edema was decreased 2 weeks after treatment and anterior chamber cells decreased 1 month after treatment. There was no recurrence during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with Kaposi's varicelliform eruption after using immunosuppressants should have an ophthalmic examination to confirm ocular involvement; use of appropriate eye drops is necessary for the treatment of corneal involvement. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(10):1640-1644


It is shown that a plateau-like scaling gives a good overall fit to energy confinement data of Ohmic and L-regime discharges for devices ranging from Pulsator to JET. Systematic deviations become evident in density scans in single experiments which, at least for neutral injection heated discharges, might be explained by a compensation of confinement trends by penetration effects.


Composite materials consisting of conducting polymers and inorganic particles have attracted considerable attention as they combine the advantages of both components and have potential applications in many fields.Electrodeposition is an attractive method for the preparation of thin films since it offers the advantages of low processing temperature,normal handling pressure,high purity of deposition,and controlled thickness of the film.Polyaniline/CeO_2(PANI/CeO_2) composite with "horn-like" morphology was prepared by potentiostatic electrodeposition method in 0.05 mol/L Ce(NO_3)_3 containing 0.05 mol/L CH_3COOH and 0.025 mol/L aniline(An) at 1.1 V(vs SCE) (pH=5.5).The morphology and composition of the PANI/Ce02 composite were characterized by SEM and TEM.The results indicated that the PANI/Ce02 composite had "horn-like" morphology. Characteristic vibrations of PANI were observed on the Fourier transform infrared spectrum(FTIR) of PANI/CeO_2 composite.The PANI/CeO_2 composite displayed characteristic electrochemical behaviors of PANI in phosphate buffer(pH=6.9),based on cyclic voltammetric experiments.The influences of electrodeposition conditions on the morphology of the composite were investigated by changing the reaction time and the potentiostatic potential.The results showed that potential is the key factor for the formation of "horn-like"PANI/CeO_2 composite.PANI/Ce02 composite obtained at 0.8 V existed in nanoparticles.No "horn-like" composite was observed at this lower potential,even after prolonged reaction time.More protons were released during the electrochemical polymerization of aniline and the electrochemical deposition of CeCO_2 at higher potential.One-dimensional growth of PANI was promoted due to the effect control of secondary growth of PANI at lower pH media,resulting in nanofibrous composite.More PANI and CeO_2 were formed along with the electrodeposition and so more protons were released.Thus the nanofiber changed thinner and "horn-like" PANI/CeO_2 was formed.


The present invention provides, among other things, segmented, degradable polymeric reagents suitable for reaction with biologically active agents to form conjugates, the polymeric reagents comprising one or more polymer chains divided or separated by one or more degradable linkages into polymer segments having a molecular weight suitable for renal clearance. The polymeric reagents can have a substantially linear structure, a branched structure, or a multiarm structure. Each structure includes one or more linkages capable of degradation in vivo.


In this paper, a threshold bounded antenna selection scheduler (TBS) and a computational complexity bounded antenna selection scheduler (CCBS) are proposed to reduce computational complexity in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) uplink. In contrast to previous works, a spatially correlated MIMO channel model is considered and a transmitter correlation value (TCV) is newly introduced to assist the antenna selection in addition to the channel gain. For the TBS or CCBS, with predetermined threshold of TCV or ratio of successful antennas (RSAs), full searching (FS) and sub searching (SS) are applied more efficiently to user equipments (UEs) compared with previous schedulers. As a result, the number of candidate antennas in the scheduling set can be reduced, which translates into a lower computational complexity in terms of number of evaluated antenna combinations. Additionally, compared with the TBS, the peak computational complexity can be further reduced by the CCBS. Simulation results show that with proposed schedulers the computational complexity can be reduced by at least 50% with an acceptable compromise of capacity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper, we perform a comparative analysis using a within-subjects 'think-aloud' protocol of introductory programming students solving tracing problems in both paper-based and computer-based formats. We demonstrate that, on computer-based exams with compiler/interpreter access, students can achieve significantly higher scores on tracing problems than they do on similar paper-based questions, through brute-force execution of the provided code. Furthermore, we characterize the students' usage of machine execution as they solve computer-based tracing problems. We, then, suggest "reverse-tracing" questions, where a block of code is provided and students must identify an input that will produce a specified output, as a potential alternative means of assessing the same skill as tracing questions on such computer-based exams. Our initial investigation suggests correctly-designed reverse-tracing problems on computer-based exams more closely track a student's performance on similar questions in a paper-based format. In addition, we find that the thought process while solving tracing and reverse-tracing problems is similar, but not identical.


Aims: The effectiveness of the local treatment of experimental osteomyelitis by MRSA with a mixture of calcium phosphate bone cement and 3% teicoplanin into the femur of rabbits. Methods: Thirty-six male rabbits with chronic (3 weeks) MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staph. aureus) osteomyelitis of the right femur (Model of Norden CW) were treated with a new local Teico-planin delivery system prepared by a mixture of calcium phosphate cement plus 3% teicoplanin. Osteomyelitis was introduced by inoculating 107 cfu/ml of the MRSA strain in a 2mm hole of the bone medula, placement of a needle serving as a foreign body and subsequent closure with a sterile bone wax. The follow-up of the infection was performed by clinical, microbiological, x-rays and histological þndings. On the third week all animals were reoperated and the needle was removed followed by implantation of the above mixture. One control and þve treated animals were sacriþced each week thereafter until the sixth week. Results: Cultures of the treated animals were positive during the þrst week but turned negative after the second week, while throughout the same period cultures from the controls remain positive. Clinical and histologic studies were in accordance. Conclusions: The above mixture could be approved as a supplementary method in the treatment of bone infections. It can be used by replacing the gentamycin polymethyl-methacrylate beads whose use demands reoperation to be removed. Finally it offers the possibility to contribute to the þlling of the bone gaps as it can be replaced by host bone.


Based on experimental data,numerical simulation of pressure and temperature distributions is carried out which are the critical factors in noise generation due to water-vapor injection by means of CFD software.The correlation between pressure distribution at different temperatures and steam-jet noise is quantitatively analyzed,which provides a theoretical evidence for further study on the noise generation mechanism.


Three studies were made in which chips (French fries) of different thickness and peas of different sizes were used. In each study, subjects were asked to serve the food in an attempt to match a standard amount of food placed on the table. Subjects served significantly (P < 0.001) smaller amounts of thin chips compared to thick chips, whether the standard was rice or chips, but for peas there was no effect of size of pea on the amount served. When chips were cut into cubes, results were more similar to those found with peas rather than with the original chips.


LBL-35423 UC-414 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Accelerator & Fusion Research Division Presented at the Applied Superconductivity Conference, Boston, MA, October 17-21, 1994, and to be published in the Proceedings Design and Fabrication of End Spacers for a 13 T Nb3Sn Dipole Magnet S. Caspi, W.B. Ghiorso, and A. Wandesforde October 1994 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC03-76SF00098


Systems and methods using drawings as security informa tion are disclosed. According to an aspect, a computing device may include a touchscreen display configured to receive information for drawing a security picture. Further, the computing device may include a security manager configured to determine one or more characteristics associ ated with input of the gesture information. The security manager may also be configured to authenticate a user based on the drawn security picture and the one or more charac teristics associated with input of the gesture information.


The invention relates to a method for producing a composite disc, in which a meltable plastic film or a reactive sheet film material is placed within a joining tool between a first disc layer and a second disk location, and the first disk layer, said second disk location and the fusible plastic film under vacuum to a composite body together leads, wherein the joining tool and is arranged under vacuum composite bodies are subjected to a thermal action such that the plastic film melts and the first and second disc layers are bonded or the reactive foil film material acts verklebend to the first and second disc layers.


Antigen‐mediated activation of mast cells results in Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis of preformed mediators of the inflammatory response. To investigate the role of secretory vesicle motility in this response, we have performed time‐lapse confocal microscopy on RBL‐2H3 cells transfected with a green fluorescent protein‐Fas ligand fusion protein (GFP‐FasL). Green fluorescent protein‐labeled vesicles exhibit rapid, bidirectional movement in both resting and activated cells and can be localized adjacent to microtubules. Colchicine treatment inhibits the motility of secretory vesicles as measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Colchicine also inhibits both the extent and the rate of exocytosis triggered by receptor activation or by Ca2+ ionophore, demonstrating that microtubule‐dependent movement of secretory vesicles plays an important role in the exocytic response.


resolved completely. He was discharged 24 h later in good condition. Our patient's clinical course is similar to what was reported in a case series where N. kaouthia bites were treated with polyvalent Haffkine antivenom [1], where the average patient required 24 h of ventilation after antivenom administration. In the literature, we were unable to find any other cases detailing the use of NPAV in human envenomations by N. kaouthia. Our patient was treated with NPAV without adverse effect, and we observed resolution of neurotoxicity and respiratory failure within 24 h.


Nickel(II)oxide is a promising material which suits for many applications due to its speciality characters such as electrochromic, photocatalytic activity, semiconductor nature, etc. But use nickel oxide as filler in polymer composites is not well studied. In this work, nano nickel oxide filled vinyl ester matrix composites were fabricated by reinforcing various weight fractions of filler. The composites so prepared were characterized by mechanical strength analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopic analysis. Outcome of the analysis showed that addition of nano NiO caused significant improvement in mechanical strength under tensile and bending stress and still further enhancement after the vinyl functionalization of nano nickel oxide.


Germany's public local transport system (OPNV) is increasingly faced wiyh financial constraints, especially with regard to infrastructure facilities. In particular, this affects municipalities and regions because of their responsibility for the OPNV. Across Germany, it has become necessary to find additional alternative sources of financing. This calls for the appropriate use of the benefits gained from an extensive local transport network in line with measures aimed at developing any building space available alongside OPNV rail tracks. The OPP is also involved as a partnership of public and private sectors. Local authorities and regional administrations across the USA have years of experience with regard to the participation of private investment in financing OPNV infra-structure projects. This could serve as an example in this context.


The contents of The Analects of Confucius are mostly in the form of conversations that lack descriptions in a systematic construction. In addition to the direct statements considering the personal opinions of the speaker, ancient literature is frequently quoted to express one 's thoughts so as to extend one 's vision as well as to discover new topics . Such extension method for conversation is based on the " poetic inspiration" (詩興) : the openness of interpretation for "drawing a comparison and making association by kind". While it helps with the enlightenment of doctrine (義理) , at the same time it becomes difficult for a reader to give explanation. This paper aims to study the discourse methods applied by The Analects of Confucius as it quotes Classic of Poetry so as to clarify divergence upon interpretation from past generations, and to further explain the properness of its doctrine(義理)


Positrons are the anti-particles of electrons, having the same mass, but opposite, positive charge. They are the simplest form of antimatter. Positrons are produced in abundance in our Galaxy, and are readily obtained in laboratories using accelerators or radioactive isotopes. When positrons come into contact with their matter counterpart, the pair can annihilate in a pyrotechnic flash, releasing their energy as a burst of light in the form of two characteristic detectable gamma-rays.


Dam construction is one of the climate change adaptation strategies. Numerous studies on community perceptions related to the impacts of the dam after construction have been conducted. However, research on community perceptions towards the potential impacts of the dam before construction is limited. Accordingly, this research aimed to observe community perceptions towards potential impacts of the Budong-Budong dam construction on the environment, society, and economy. Data were collected in November 2020 in Salulekbo village, Topoyo district, Central Mamuju regency. This research used a qualitative approach. The data were collected through in-depth interviews using questionnaires with 26 respondents. The findings showed that 19 respondents (76% of total respondents) stated that dam construction will cause negative impacts on the environment, such as flooding downstream (if the construction failed) and landslides. On the social aspect, dam construction can bring both positive and negative impacts for the village, such as community displacement and social bond weakness. Furthermore, on the economic aspect, 21 out of 26 respondents argued that dam construction will affect the community's economy negatively in the form of income reduction (76%) and cost for buying a piece of land (4%). This research hopefully can be a guide to secure the sustainable livelihood of the local community after dam development by providing resettlement areas, job opportunities, capacity building and community assistance, and socializing related policies and regulations.


The V&A is home to a painted crucifix that has been attributed to the Sicilian master, Antonio de Saliba (c 1466/7–c 1535), who was active in Venice and eastern Sicily during the Renaissance. This paper takes a fresh look at the documentary sources that were published before the devastating earthquake that struck Messina, in the north west of Sicily, in 1908. In re-examining these sources, this paper reveals new insights into Antonio de Saliba's oeuvre and enables a possible identification of the V&A's painted crucifix with a specific contractual agreement that links this crucifix's commission to the artist – specifically with a commission de Saliba received in 1508 from Limina, a small town in the province of Messina. The roots of this provincial commission would explain the persistence of a retardataire production visible in this early sixteenth-century painted crucifix. This paper also challenges the preconceived idea that such painted crucifixes were destined to be displayed high up in a church, on a tramezzo or beam.


The purpose of this study was to analyze on changes of repair construction documents of stone pagoda through the time. The target of this study was the types of document and the person in charge of construction from repair construction documents. This study divide the time that is from Japanese colonial period into 5 periods and classify the document into 6 types. Each period can be found different main type of document and different type of person described the document. The document from the Japanese colonial period to early of 1960's had written in only a few paragraphs about construction and was included in the general collection about the heritage. And there was not written about person who participated in the repair construction. From the late of 1960's to late of 1990's, documents were made as professional and technical collection about repair construction of whole heritage in Korea. An there was written about person who participated in the construction like qualified architect's office, construction company, construction manager and so on. After 2000's, the document was mads as occasional professional collection and a independent volume about only one repair construction of stone pagoda. And there was written about even person who participated in the detail process of construction and the advisory council. As a result, repair construction of the stone pagoda in Iksan Miruksaji will be one of main model for repair construction and document about it. Because repair construction of the stone pagoda in Iksan Miruksaji will take about 20 years and many person participated in this construction and make many document. Repair construction documents of stone pagoda will be changed more systematic. And, the system of making the repair construction document whill be changed to more accurate.


Abstract: The international minerals market has seen a general weakening since the early 1970s and the late 1980s. In contrast, rapid economic growth, not least in China in the early 1990s, and then India in the early 2000s, has contributed to an increase in the growing demand for minerals market and trade in the world. The production, consumption and trade in minerals have played a crucial role in the growth and development of the Chinese economy over the past decades. This article presents an overview of the general changing characteristics of international minerals market and trade patterns, identifies the major theoretical determinates affecting minerals demand and supply in China, and empirically investigates the characteristics of China's mineral trade and future development. The authors argue that whether or not the great potential of China's minerals market become a major driver of the international minerals trade, and hence stimulate further economic growth in China remains to be seen. However, China is actively involved in the global minerals market and trade.


The paper analyses technical change in Italian agriculture, focusing both on the effects of public R&D-extension investments and on the induced innovation hypothesis. A mixed parametric-nonparametric approach is used. First, in a multi-output framework, technical change is depicted in the form of 'netput augmentation' through a non-parametric general description of the production set. Then a parametric dynamic relationship between netput augmentation, public R&D-extension investments and changes in relative prices is specified. The empirical analysis shows that the main impact of public R&D and extension investment in Italian agriculture is on capital use and animal products. A crucial role is played by market mechanisms through induced innovation. Copyright 2000, Oxford University Press.