Abstract Tugan-Baranovsky's theory of crises has two components: a theory of markets, defining the condition under which expanded reproduction can take place, and a theory of crises proper, explaining how any rupture of equilibrium is amplified and extended to the whole system and gives rise to periodical fluctuations. The former, based on the Marxian schemes of reproduction, is logically preliminary to the latter, which relies on the accumulation and depletion of loanable funds. In spite of Tugan's insistence on this nexus, academic commentators have ignored Tugan's theory of markets, while Marxist critics have focused exclusively on this aspect and charged Tugan with upholding Say's Law. While this reading is not entirely justified, there is indeed a deep difference between Tugan's and Marx's interpretation of crises. While Marx considers crises as the necessary corrective to the systematic and necessary breaches of equilibrium, Tugan sees equilibrium as the norm and crises a deviation from it, albeit recurring and periodical.


The study aims to show that despite the non-tumor-specific properties of the radiopharmaceutical 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG), performing the 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) might help to detect primary and metastatic brain lesions, which can significantly affect treatment and quality of life of the oncological patients'.


The structure of the mangrove forest of the Benevente River estuary, in Anchieta, ES, was analyzed by the plot method in order to evaluate the distribution of species along the river. The results indicated a trend of species distribution, in which Avicennia schaueriana Leechm ex Stapf & Moldenke and Rhizophora mangle L. exhibited the highest dominance and relative density in areas under greater marine influence, while Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn.f. and Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn. showed higher dominance and relative density in areas under greater influence of fresh water. The density ranged from 700 to 7,866 stems.ha-1, the basal area from 10.3 to 72.2 m2.ha-1, the average height from 2.0 to 16.4 m and average DBH (diameter at breast height) from 4.7 to 27.3 cm. Most forests exhibited distribution of trunks of the inverted iota type, with an absence of selective cutting. The contribution of the basal area was larger in diameter class ≥10 cm, indicating the high structural development of the forests studied. The forests studied exhibited good conservation.


These days the majority of organizations struggle to overcome employees' misbehavior.  Understanding why a phenomenon occurs, Employers and industrial organizational psychologists are interested to find factors contributing to such behaviors. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between job stress and agreeableness (a type of personality traits) with employee deviant behaviors. Data were collected through 212 employee of an organization in Malaysia.  The results showed that both job stress and agreeableness predict workplace deviant behavior. Results found that there is a positive relationship between job stress and  workplace  deviance  and  negative  relationship  between  agreeableness  and  deviant  behavior.    It  was  also  shown  that agreeableness moderate the relationship between job stress and workplace deviant behavior. Implications for future research are discussed.


The timing of alluvial deposition in arid and semiarid areas is tied to land-surface instability caused by regional climate changes. The distribution pattern of dated deposits provides maps of regional land-surface response to past climate change. Sensitivity to differences in surface roughness and composition makes remote sensing techniques useful for regional mapping of alluvial deposits. Radar images from the Spaceborne Radar Laboratory and visible wavelength images from the French SPOT satellite were used to determine remote sensing signatures of alluvial fan units for an area in the Kun Lun Mountains of northwestern China. These data were combined with field observations to compare surface processes and their effects on remote sensing signatures in northwestern China and the southwestern United States. Geomorphic processes affecting alluvial fans in the two areas include aeolian deposition, desert varnish, and fluvial dissection. However, salt weathering is a much more important process in the Kun Lun than in the southwestern United States. This slows the formation of desert varnish and prevents desert pavement from forming. Thus the Kun Lun signatures are indicative of the dominance of salt weathering, while signatures from the southwestern United States are characteristic of the dominance of desert varnish and pavement processes. Remote sensing signatures are consistent enough in these two regions to be used for mapping fan units over large areas.


In article the algorithm of aircraft engine designing based on unified gas generator is considered. Also here the main stages of such model creating are described. This stages include thermogas dynamic account, blade profiling, The algorithm combines accounts of hydraulic resistance, thermal condition, unite assembling and detail data base creating, strength accounts and assemble scheme.


The structure,work principle,performance and application of system,which is used in skin pass mill,is introduced.The production processing is stable and the product quality is good after using the system.


The beam with orbital angular momentum is a present domestic and foreign research key direction. Its application and development will bring the profound influence in the optical communication field.The research progress of the beam with orbital angular momentum and encoding information as light's OAM for free-space optical communication were reviewed and the existing design method,werking principle,effecting factors,mechanism and description methods of encoding information as light's OAM were discussed.Based on these analysis,the prospect of future development in the encoding information as light's OAM for free- space optical communication were also forecasted.


The thesis discusses the views and attitudes of healthy individuals for their handicapped siblings. It is also focused on the view of their friends and the involvement of the disabled siblings into the families.


Abstract : An automatic dielectrometer is investigated as a means for monitoring the cure of a structural adhesive during an in-press bonding operation. The instrument is found to be sensitive to changes occurring within the adhesive, as indicated by relative values of the dielectric constant and the dissipation factor, during the bonding of metallic adherends. Insulation and shielding techniques are developed to obtain relatively noise-free dielectrometer traces while operating in the electrically noisy environment of a heated platen, hydraulic press. Definitive curves are obtained on both an epoxy type and a polyimide type adhesive system under a constantly increasing temperature cure cycle. These traces are used to design an experiment to determine the effect upon resultant joint strength of varying the point at which full bonding pressure is applied to polyimide adhesive bonded tensile lap shear joints. (Author-PL)


Proton conductors BaCe_0.4Zr_0.4M_0.2O_(3-δ) (M=In, Y, Gd, Sm) were successfully synthesized by the conventi-onal solid state reaction route. The crystalline phase and microstructures of the four proton conductors were investigated by XRD and SEM. The AC impedance spectra of the proton conductors were measured by IM6e electrochemical workstation at different temperatures. Chemical stability against CO_2 and boiling water was tested. The results indicate that traces of Sm_2O_3 are found in Sm-doped sample because of the solubility limit. The other three proton conductors show single phase perovskite cubic structure. They are relatively stable in CO_2 and boiling water atmospheres. Y-doped proton conductor has the highest electrical conductivity among the four proton conductors. The total conductivity of BaCe_0.4Zr_0.4M_0.2O_(3-δ) at 800 ℃ is about 2.07×10~(-2) S·cm~(-1). The activity energy is 72.34 kJ·mol~(-1).


Background Bronchial provocation using methacholine, a cholinergic agonist, causes airway narrowing directly by contraction of bronchial smooth muscle. While methacholine has a high sensitivity for identifying airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR), it does not have a high specificity to diagnose asthma and false‐positive responses may be observed in non‐asthmatics. Mannitol is an osmotic stimulus that acts indirectly to cause airway narrowing by release of endogenous bronchoconstricting mediators.


This paper is concerned with the removability of isolated singularities for the weighted p‐Laplacian with singular convection. Critical singular exponents included in diffusion and convection are exactly determined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Although Colombia has more than 50 years of experience developing hydropower projects, the recent Hidroituango project crisis has opened the debate regarding risk management (RM) in generation power projects, especially for non-conventional renewable energy sources (NCRES) where there are no academic studies for Colombian case. This chapter develops a methodological proposal based on PMBOK, ISO standard, and Colombian technical standards, that will allow identification, assessment, and management of the risks inherent in small hydroelectric power plant (SHPP) projects. All this in the context of the opportunities generated by Law 1715 of 2014 and the mega global trend of transition from fossil sources of energy to NCRES. The methodology was built based on: a state of the art review, an expert's knowledge consultation, and a Delphi expert's assessment analysis. The result is a project risk management methodology that includes: holistic identification of risk variables in SHPP projects, assessment of experts and response to inherent and residual risks.


During a revision of the genus Fragilaria in Europe, two unknown Fragilaria taxa were observed in Erken Lake, Sweden, that showed some resemblance to Fragilaria perminuta, a species described in the nineteenth century from the Great Lakes in the United States. The type material of Synedra perminuta from Lake Erie, U.S.A. (Grunow sample 2592) was analysed. Detailed morphological analysis, using both light and scanning electron microscope observations and comparison with the type material, showed that both taxa from Sweden should be described as new species: Fragilaria goeyersiana sp. nov. and F. vandevondeliana sp. nov. The separation of the two taxa is based on valve outline, shape of the apices and stria density. Comparisons are made with similar taxa and brief notes on their ecology are added.


To produce and comprehend words and sentences, people use their knowledge of language structure; their knowledge of the situation they are in, including the previous discourse and the local situation; and their cognitive abilities, including memory, attention, and motor control. In this chapter, we explore how competent adult language users bring such knowledge and abilities to bear on the tasks of comprehending spoken and written language and producing spoken language. We emphasize experimental data collected using the tools of cognitive psychology, touching only briefly on language development, disordered language, and the neural basis of language. We also review some of the major theoretical controversies that have occupied the field of psycholinguistics, including the role that linguistic analyses of language structure should play and the debate between modular and interactive views. We also present some of the theoretical positions that have proven successful in guiding our understanding of language processing. We conclude by discussing the need to integrate studies of language comprehension and language production and pointing to emerging research topics.

Keywords:

psycholinguistics;
auditory word recognition;
reading;
lexical access;
sentence comprehension;
word production;
sentence production


Abstract Refractive errors lead to visual impairment if they are uncorrected. The prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors in children is considerably high, even though they can be easily corrected with spectacles. To estimate the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors and investigate their associated factors among school children in suburban areas in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was conducted among school children aged 11–15 years in randomly selected schools. All students in the selected schools underwent uncorrected, presenting, and best-corrected visual acuity testing. Structured interviews were administered to the parents of children with refractive errors. All associated factors were analysed by multivariate logistics regression. A total of 3035 school children, 1193 boys and 1842 girls, were examined. The prevalence of refractive errors was 15.9% (95% CI: 14.7–17.3), while that of uncorrected refractive errors was 12.1% (95% CI: 11.0–13.4). Lower father's income was associated with a higher prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.6–2.69; p = 0.26). Worse visual performance (OR:0.38; 95% CI: 0.27–0.55; p = 0.1) and longer distance to primary healthcare services (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.37–0.69; P = 0.1) were associated with a lower prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors. Uncorrected refractive errors were found to be highly prevalent among school children in suburban areas in Bandung Regency. The availability of visual assessment services for children needs to be improved.


Objective The aim was to investigate serum protein S (PS) levels in cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Background PS is an important guardian in controlling thrombin generation and fibrinolysis, although the contribution of these properties to the anticoagulant functions of PS is still unclear. Patients and methods The present study was conducted on 90 subjects who were classified as follows: 36 cirrhotic patients without PVT, 34 cirrhotic patients with PVT, and 20 healthy persons as a control. The study was conducted in the period between December 2010 and March 2012. Complete blood picture, liver function tests, and renal function test were done. PS was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Abdominal ultrasonography was done to confirm diagnosis of liver cirrhosis (LC) by giving idea about liver echogenicity, irregularity of liver outline, liver size, presence of liver nodules, and also portal vein diameter and presence of PVT. Results The mean PS level in the LC group was significantly lower than the mean level in the control group (P1 = 0.0123) and the mean PS level in LC with PVT group was highly significant lower than the control group (P2 < 0.0001). Moreover, the mean PS level in LC with PVT group was highly significant lower than in the LC group (P3 = 0.0001). Conclusion PS concentration is a potential biochemical marker in the diagnostic strategy of PVT in patients with cirrhosis. PS less than 3.15 is highly indicative of PVT in cirrhotic patients with high sensitivity but low specificity.


This paper proposes an approach to automatically identifying the topological order of smart cells in modular batteries. Emerging smart cell architectures enable battery management without centralized control by coordination of activities via communication. When connecting smart cells in series to form a battery pack, the topological order of the cells is not known and it cannot be automatically identified using the available communication bus. This order, however, is of particular importance for several battery management functions, including temperature control and active cell balancing which relate properties of the cells and their location. Therefore, this paper presents a methodology to automatically identify a topological order on the smart cells in a battery pack using a hybrid communication approach, involving both the communication and the balancing layer of the smart cell architecture. A prototypie implementation on a development platform shows the feasibility and scalability of the approach.


The interactions of H+, Znz+, and Cu2+ with adenine and guanine have been investigated by n.m.r. studies in dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO). The compounds Zn(adenine)HCl,, Zn(guanine)HC13, (adenine)HCl, (adenine)2HCl, (guanine)HC1,HzO and (guanine-H), [ZnC14],4H,0 have also been prepared and studied in MezSO. The last compound as well as (adenine)2HCl have not been reported previously. N.m.r. spectra are concentration-dependent and also depend upon the hydrogen ion activity. This work has shown that there is little correlation between solid state structures and interactions in solution and, further, that selective line broadening by the paramagnetic CuZ+ ion is not unequivocally diagnostic of the binding site in these systems.


The phenomenon of heterosis has provided the most important genetic tools in improving yield of crop plants. Identification of specific parental combination capable of producing the highest level of heterotic effects in F1 has immense value for commercial exploitation of heterosis. The experimental material consisted of eight parents (including check G.TIL 4) and their 28 half-diallel crosses. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences due to genotypes for all the traits. On the basis of mean values, the parents G.TIL 10, G.TIL 4 and SKT 1607 recorded maximum seed yield per plant. G.TIL 10 was top ranking for number of effective branches per plant. This parental genotype also expressed good performance for various yield components, viz., number of seed per capsule, harvest index (%) and oil content (%).The parent SKT 1608 found better for earliness, dwarfness and 1000 seed weight (g). While in case of hybrids, SKT 1608 × SKT 12-2, SKT 1608 × G.TIL 2 and SKT 1607 × G.TIL 2 were the best for seed yield per plant. Among the 28 F1 hybrids, SKT 1608 × SKT 12-2 and SKT 1608 × G.TIL 2 manifested significant positive heterosis for seed yield per plant over better parent and standard check (G.TIL 4) These two crosses also exhibited either of the significant positive heterosis for various component traits viz., plant height (cm), capsule length (cm), number of seed per capsule, harvest index (%), 1000 seed weight (g), oil content (%) and leaf area per plant (cm2). Current Agriculture Research Journal www.agriculturejournal.org ISSN: 2347-4688, Vol. 7, No.(3) 2019, pg. 408-416 CONTACT R. A. Gami email@example.com Sorghum Research Station, S.D. Agricultural University, Deesa-385 535


We study principal component analysis (PCA) for mean zero i.i.d. Gaussian observations $X_1,\dots, X_n$ in a separable Hilbert space $\mathbb{H}$ with unknown covariance operator $\Sigma.$ The complexity of the problem is characterized by its effective rank ${\bf r}(\Sigma):= \frac{{\rm tr}(\Sigma)}{\|\Sigma\|},$ where ${\rm tr}(\Sigma)$ denotes the trace of $\Sigma$ and $\|\Sigma\|$ denotes its operator norm. We develop a method of bias reduction in the problem of estimation of linear functionals of eigenvectors of $\Sigma.$ Under the assumption that ${\bf r}(\Sigma)=o(n),$ we establish the asymptotic normality and asymptotic properties of the risk of the resulting estimators and prove matching minimax lower bounds, showing their semi-parametric optimality.


To investigate the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs)/neural progenitors (NPs) in the treatment of hypoxic–ischemic injury and its potential mechanisms.


Latent needs are unmet needs, in which the needs not mentioned by users are the difficult points of research. This research combines Voice of the Customer (VOC) and Voice of the Product (VOP) to explore potential need and identify product innovation opportunities. Voice of the Customer mainly obtains needs through interviews and observation methods, takes the experience journey as the main line, and combines a scenario analysis to identify potential needs from multiple perspectives of need levels. Voice of the Product is an objective trend in the process of product development, mainly through functional analysis and causal chain analysis, to find potential needs from a technical point of view, which makes up for the missed needs of users due to their lack of understanding of product technology. The need mined by the VOC and VOP is clustered and evaluated, and the potential need is identified as a reference factor for the design scheme. Finally, the best design scheme is evaluated to improve the success rate of enterprise product development.


Aging of population is an actual problem in our country.The absolute value and the rate of the crime committed by the old are increasing.However,the study for criminal responsibility of the aged is still very weak in the circle of criminal theory.Therefore,studying this problem has an important theoretical and practical meaning.This paper uses the concrete regulations which exist at all times and in all lands for reference,and combine the old's physiology and psychology with China's reality to raise the writer's views for the old's criminal responsibility.


The radiative energy shifts produced by environmental modifications of the electromagnetic vacuum are studied from the point of view of stochastic electrodynamics. The vacuum can be modified by the addition of external radiation or by the introduction of conducting objects that alter the distribution of modes. The general formulas obtained are applied to some simple but representative situations. The present results are shown to coincide with previous quantum calculations, and some conceptual differences between the two approaches are discussed.


Railroad systems can be divided into the primary function for transporting passengers or freight and secondary function covering diverse environmental factors and interfaces. So, the most biggest and important reason and the goal of railroad systems is to satisfy the need for transportation based on the production and consumption of energy. Especially, the operation of safe systems is the inevitable element for achieving this objective. Performing this can be ultimately satisfied only when the relationship among operators, contractors, suppliers and assessors is established according to their missions. Therefore, we are trying to finding the way of approaching it systematically by reviewing which procedures and methodologies mission performers in various domains have to follow.


Abstract Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most severe pests for sweet and hot varieties of pepper (Capsicum spp.; Solanaceae). The species is distributed widely, principally in Central America, but in 2013 it was detected for the first time in the Lazio region of Italy. Modelling plays a key role in reducing chemical treatments used on Capsicum spp., but reliable predictions of pest populations require adjusted tools, as well as intense knowledge of the insect's biology and its typical environment. The main goal of this work is to describe the life cycle of A. eugenii with a physiologically based model, which links the population dynamics with the environmental parameters. More specifically, this analysis focuses on the different response of the age-structured model in relation to the development rate function in input. Two methodologies to determine the best representative development rate function suitable for simulations are proposed; the first is "a priori analysis," whereas the second is the "a posteriori analysis." Simulations were compared with semi-field data, collected in a controlled experimental greenhouse where A. eugenii developed in varying temperature conditions. Results showed that the model used is adequate to describe A. eugenii population dynamics and highlighted how the a posteriori analysis can be essential to (i) analyze the simulation outputs, and (ii) determine the best representing development rate function, if the a priori analysis does not provide this information sufficiently clearly.


Defines racism at the personal level, using the example of white-black relations. A distinction is drawn between "old fashioned" and "modern" expressions of prejudice. The TA concept of contaminati...


Creativity is an attitude, human and dynamic, promoting change and development, both on an individual and social level. Although their procedure is individual, their work takes the collective form in a discontinued and instantaneous process, not harming the subjects in the concern of evaluating its impact. Their condition is the climate, the team environment, presupposes the training, the learning of methods, the continuous generation of ideas, questions that, assuming divergent and lateral thinking, necessarily induce the management of their conflicts. In this sense, we try to find, through a group of researchers and specialized coordinators, indications of such management in the teams they have oriented. In order to do this, we used two tests, one about creativity, and another about conflicts, and the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS-Portuguese version), where we could see that conflict management in creative researchers is an evidence, due to the search for improvements in performance and in productivity, on the part of its members, and due to the absence of conflicts in the studied object.


Classroom teaching is influenced by teachers' perceptions of learner diversity. The current integration of South African schools calls for teachers to actively take stock of their perceptions of learners from diverse backgrounds and develop the attitudes, knowledge, and skills that will equip them to teach effectively in culturally diverse classrooms. Such development should be an important objective of teacher training programmes. Against this background the School of Education, University of South Africa, joined a ten-nation international research project, organised by the International Bureau of Education (IBE) of UNESCO, with a view to acquiring information about student teachers' perceptions of learners from diverse backgrounds. A section of the research done in South Africa is outlined, where the focus was particularly on the solutions student teachers envisage for dealing with learners' educational difficulties in a multicultural classroom. Implications for the design of teacher training programmes is addressed.


There are three points of view about the value of nature.The first is that nature has its value,namely the Intrinsic Value of nature.The second is that nature has instrumental value.The third is that nature has human-oriented ecological value.The third point view develops the useful and discards the useless of the first two,which contains the following aspects: a.the existence and development of humans if the start;b.nature and humans are a community of value;c.nature and humans are equal,and humans ought to respect and protect nature;e.humans should stick to the principle of frugality,and fight against excessive Consumption;f.humans are the end,and so it is with nature.


Diabetes patients taking rosiglitazone or pioglitazone had a 28 percent lower incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) than people taking other treatments for diabetes who had never taken the glitazone (GTZ) drugs, according to a new study.


PURPOSE: An electrolytic sterilization system for the water treatment and an electrolytic sterilization method using thereof are provided to increase the speed of the sterilization reaction inside the electrolytic sterilization system by increasing the temperature of inflow water. CONSTITUTION: An electrolytic sterilization system for the water treatment comprises the following: an electrolytic sterilizer(10) including a chamber(15), a first electrode(11), a second electrode(12), a water inlet unit(13), and a water outlet unit(14); and an inflow water heater(30) heating inflow water by being installed on the front end of the water inlet unit. The heating temperature of the inflow water heater is 20~70deg C. The inflow water heater uses a PTC thermistor heater, an electric heater, a gas heater, a heat exchanger, a warm water pipe, and waste heat.


In general, military equipment has a destructive role on the environment and, therefore, in this domain can hardly find items which align to the concept of sustainable development, but there may be some opportunities to promote this concept complex one these being the development of applications or software tools. This paper focused on presentation of a research in the field of military technology from the perspective of sustainable development concept.


It has been a decade since Indonesia implemented its first mandatory CSR requirement. The time is ripe for the discussion: can Indonesia confidently say that it has saved Indonesia by making companies publicly answer for many social issues? Can it successfully bring social and economic justice by continuously enforcing this radical progressivism or utilitarianism? To begin to address these questions, this paper first examines Indonesia's unique features that strengthen CSR as a legal obligation and analyzes the current regulatory frame of CSR. Then, it discusses whether these laws and regulations have actually worked as a practical tool to encourage and enforce companies to perform CSR activities. This research concludes that company law can save Indonesia despite its failure so far due to a number of problems in and out of positive law. It suggests how it can specifically structure the CSR regulations and seeks attention to the more structural reform from the longer-term goal of developing a national mechanism.


This paper proposes a protocol for effective coordinated buffer cache management in a multilevel cache hierarchy typical of a client/server system. Currently, such cache hierarchies are managed sub...


Although retinal characteristics have been well documented in paediatric populations, knowledge regarding the changes in the in-vivo thickness of individual retinal layers associated with myopia in childhood is currently limited. In this prospective, observational study, we used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to examine macular retinal layer thickness in a population of myopic and non-myopic children...


Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal fungus of wheat stripe rust, was previously reported to be infected by Lecanicillium lecanii, Microdochium nivale and Typhula idahoensis. Here, we report a novel hyperparasite on Pst. This hyperparasitic fungus was identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) GA de Vries based on morphological characteristics observed by light and scanning electron microscopy together with molecular data. The hyperparasite reduced the production and viability of urediniospores and, therefore, could potentially be used for biological control of wheat stripe rust.


Seamless integration among Delphi and Surfer,Fortran and AutoCAD was studied by Delphi 7.0,and a set of program about mapping of surface wave dispersion curve and reading dispersion data were got automatically.An example about this technique was applied in the field of computation of geophysical data.


This paper adopts the method of literature analysis and content analysis to survey the self-control and self-regulation from 1990 to 2009 in China. Our study selects 162 literatures and then screens and analyzes them. The survey shows that, more and more researchers attention to self-control and self-regulation, especially after 2004. Questionnaire method is the basis method in present study. As far as the study content is concerned, the factors of self-control and self-regulation and its relationship with childhood and adolescence are usually studied.


With proper unit-weighting, the widely used statistical packages provide unbiased estimates of means, proportions, and totals for disproportionately stratified samples but generally overestimate these statistics' variances. Proper unit-weighting need not artificially increase the sample size. If the assumptions of classical linear regression are appropriate and the model is correctly specified, then ordinary least-squares regression without unit-weighting provides the best-linear-unbiased and maximum-likelihood estimates for large stratified samples-at least for those with small sampling proportions from large populations. With heteroscedastic errors, generalized least-squares can be performed through data transformations.


Many US hospitals are finding it extremely challenging to maintain their financial health as they are operating with consistently thinning margins. Administrative inefficiencies in Revenue Cycle Management (RCM) diminish cash flow, reducing crucial capital investments urgently needed to improve health outcomes. Whereas IS research increasingly focuses on the promises and challenges of clinical IT, few studies have explored the role of IT in addressing the information sharing and coordination challenges related to RCM in hospitals. Motivated by this gap, we adopt relational coordination theory to analyze three successful IT-driven interventions into a hospital's RCM. Our action research provides insights into how IT can help improve hospitals' financial viability and it demonstrates how relational coordination theory can help understand IT-enabled process innovations. The findings are important to both practitioners and scholars interested in exploring how the nexus of work relationships and technology can improve organizational outcomes.


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft systems of aerosol protection, in particular to pulverisation of liquids using injectors which are used to create aerosol protective tail lowering intensity of infrared radiation of aircraft engine exit. Gas-liquid injector contains constricted nozzle with resilient walls the inner surface of which is provided with vortex-generators, and liquid and gas delivery lines. To disperse liquid with powder filler the constricted nozzle is performed slotted and communicates with liquid delivery line only. Along periphery of slotted nozzle, a nozzle is located which is communicated with gas delivery line on inner walls of which thrusts are made. Such device implementation permits to decrease average size of sprayed liquid drops and to increase degree of its monodispersity. EFFECT: increased reliability degree of aerosol protective shield, and small size of aerosol particles allows for more efficient engine shielding against IR radiation. 2 cl, 4 dwg


A domain or conceptual class diagram is prepared during, or immediately after the requirements analysis phase. It shows the most important concepts within a domain and enables further refinement of requirements and comprehensive analysis of the software that will be developed from it. When the conceptual model is large, however, it becomes very difficult to visually segregate the concepts based on their relative importance. This paper presents a visualization technique for the conceptual class model that enables faster visualization of concepts and quicker segregation of concepts based on their relative importance.


This paper is using contour line model (Snake model) and the principle of mathematical morphology to process the SEM, AFM, TEM image of metal failure.Including the image denoising and enhancement, target segmentation. Because of SEM, AFM, TEM image can better reaction the metal fracture failure in microstructure, suitable to analyze its image characteristics, then combined with the method of the paper uses to process the scanning image. The experimental results show that, using the Snake model for metal failure image processing is practical and effective feasible, can obviously improve image quality.


An ultrastructural description of adult females tropharium of Dactylopius coccus Costa, 1829, by electron microscopy transmission was realized. The tropharium is surrounded by an inner epithelial sheath and by a tunica propria. Furthermore, it contains large nurse cells with irregular-shaped nuclei and their nuclear membrane is abundantly perforated with nuclear pores; further one or more nucleoli were seen. Moreover their cytoplasm contained large numbers of ribosomes and mitochondria, but scarce rough endoplasmic reticulum. Neither smooth endoplasmic reticulum nor Golgi complex were observed. In the nurse cells of the females of two days-old, bacteria apparently symbionts were found, but their possible role in the ovarian physiology is unknown. Some nurse cells of females at ten days-old, had small groups of annular lamellae, which could be related with a degenerative process in these cells. The trophic cords were made of great number of microtubules and between them numerous ribosomes and mitochondria, many of them of elongated form.


A toroidal continuously variable transmission comprises a plurality of rollers 7 disposed in a toroidal space defined between raceway surfaces 5b, 6c of an input disc 5 and an output disc 6. The raceway surfaces 5b, 6c and the roller 7 surfaces are subjected to a surface hardening treatment by shot peening to provide a compressive residual stress pf 0.6 to 1.2 Gpa and a hardness of HRC 63 to 66. Discs 5, 6 and rollers 7 are made of a heat-resisting bearing steel containing, C 0.8 wt%-15wt%, Si 0.5wt%-2.0wt%, Mn 0.3wt%-2.0wt%, Cr 1.3wt%-1.98wt% and Mo 0.3wt%-1.0wt%.


Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an increasingly used non-invasive molecular tool for detecting species presence and monitoring populations. In this article, we review the current state of non-avian reptile eDNA work in aquatic systems, and present a field experiment on detecting the presence of painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) eDNA. Thus far, turtle and snake eDNA studies have shown mixed results in detecting the presence of these animals under field conditions. However, some instances of low detection rates and non-detection occur for these non-avian reptiles, especially for squamates. We explored non-avian reptile eDNA quantification by sampling four lentic ponds with different densities (0 kg/ha, 6 kg/ha, 9 kg/ha, and 13 kg/ha) of painted turtles over three months to detect differences in eDNA using a qPCR assay amplifying the COI gene of the mtDNA genome. Only one sample of the highest-density pond amplified eDNA for a positive detection. Yet, estimates of eDNA concentration from pond eDNA were rank-order correlated with turtle density. We present the "shedding hypothesis"—the possibility that animals with hard, keratinized integument do not shed as much DNA as mucus-covered organisms—as a potential challenge for eDNA studies. Despite challenges with eDNA inhibition and availability in water samples, we remain hopeful that eDNA can be used to detect freshwater turtles in the field. We provide key recommendations for biologists wishing to use eDNA methods for detecting non-avian reptiles.


IMPORTANCE Follow-up of participants in randomized trials may be limited by logistic and financial factors. Some important randomized trials have been extended well beyond their original follow-up period by linkage of individual participant information to routinely collected data held in administrative records and registries. OBJECTIVE To perform a scoping review of randomized clinical trials extended by record linkage to characterize this literature and explore any additional insights into treatment effectiveness provided by long-term follow-up using record linkage. DATA SOURCES A literature search in Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials was performed for the period January 1, 1945, through November 25, 2016. STUDY SELECTION Various combinations of search terms were used, as there is no accepted terminology. Determination of study eligibility and extraction of information about trial characteristics and outcomes, for both original and extended trial reports, were performed in duplicate. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Assessment of study eligibility and data extraction were performed independently by 2 reviewers. All analyses were descriptive. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes in the pairs of original and extended trials were categorized according to whether any benefits or harms from interventions were sustained, were lost, or emerged during long-term follow-up. RESULTS A total of 113 extended trials were included in the study. Linkage to administrative and registry data extended follow-up by between 1 and 55 years. The most common interventions were pharmaceuticals (47 [41.6%]), surgery (19 [16.8%]), and disease screening (19 [16.8%]). End points most frequently studied through record linkage included mortality (88 [77.9%]), cancer (41 [36.3%]), and cardiovascular events (37 [32.7%]). One hundred four trial extensions (92.0%) were analyzed according to the original trial randomization. The reports provided details of 155 analyses of study outcomes. Seventy-four analyses (47.7%) identified statistically significant benefits in the trial extension phase. In 21 of these (28.4%), benefits were significant only in this period. Null results in both the original and extended trials were seen in 34 of the analyses (21.9%). Loss of significant benefits of an intervention were seen in 12 analyses (7.7%). Statistically significant harms were seen in 16 trial extension analyses (10.3%), and in 14 of these (87.5%), the harms were significant only in the trial extension phase. (continued) Key Points Question Does follow-up of clinical trial participants by linkage to routinely collected data sources provide important insights into the long-term benefits and harms of treatment? Findings This scoping review of the published literature found only 113 trials that had been extended by record linkage. Analysis showed that some benefits of treatment extend beyond the trial, and some harms of treatment only become apparent after the trial is complete. Meaning The fate of patients after participation in clinical trials is a neglected topic, and the authors recommend that researchers routinely request permission from trial participants to study long-term treatment effects using linkage to routinely collected data. + Invited Commentary + Supplemental content Author affiliations and article information are listed at the end of this article. Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. JAMA Network Open. 2018;1(8):e186019. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.6019 December 21, 2018 1/15 Downloaded from jamanetwork.com by BOND UNIVERSITY user on 01/29/2019 Abstract (continued)continued) CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Trial extension by linkage to routinely collected data is a versatile underused approach that may add critical insights beyond those of the original trial. Some beneficial and harmful outcomes of interventions are captured only in the extension phase of randomized trials. JAMA Network Open. 2018;1(8):e186019. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.6019


Inducer is any compound that elicits defense response in plants. This is a very promising modern area of research. People are highly aware of the problems related to overdoze of fungicides and pesticides leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnifications. Genetically modified crops are also highly controversial. Therefore, the best possible solution is to immunise plants against the pathogens and pests. The present paper gives an overview touching the aspects of elicitos of defense response and their different types with the detais of the most promising ones and the current trends. IndexTerms – inducer, elicitor, defense, chitin, cell wall, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, benzothiadiazide.


We study new transaction-level data of discount window borrowing in the U.S. between 2010 and 2017, merged with quarterly data on bank financial con- ditions (balance sheet and revenue). The objective is to improve our under- standing of the reasons for why banks use the discount window during periods outside financial crises. We also provide a model of the decision of banks to borrow at the window, which is helpful for interpreting the data. We find that decisions to gain access and to borrow at the discount window are meaning- fully correlated with some relevant banks' characteristics and the composition of banks' balance sheets. Banks choose simultaneously to obtain access to the discount window and hold more cash-like liquidity as a proportion of assets. Yet, conditional on access, larger and less liquid banks tend to borrow more from the discount window. In general, our findings suggest that banks could, in principle, adapt their operations to modulate, and possibly reduce, their use of the discount window in "normal" times.


In this paper a novel approach to automatic XRAY images classification is proposed. The authors propose a solution based on application of Computational Intelligence to assist recognition procedure for medical purposes. Recognition experiments have been performed with the proposed solutions applied on original and authentic X-RAY images from pulmonary diseases clinics, where various diseases were diagnosed. The applied classifier was made to recognize sarcoidosis or cancer over input images. Presented research results are discussed to validate the efficiency of implemented solution.


It is a desirable capability for some types of software-intensive systems to be able to modify components or architecture at the run-time. In this paper, we investigate how to enable the run-time modification of components in a system originally developed without catering for this feature at its design phase. In our proposed approach, components are incrementally and optionally wrapped with two categories of reflection interfaces, namely introspection (retrospection) interfaces that are designed to expose the component properties, while intercession (reconfiguration) interfaces that are designed to conduct run-time changes. We implement the incremental reflection interfaces as a library by leveraging the idea of poke technique that is widely used in many practical accessibility projects. A case study is used to demonstrate how our approach can enhance components with the reflection capacity on the basis of the legacy program code. Compared with existing techniques, our approach does not require systems re-developed from scratch in order to support the run-time modification of components.


This paper presents the spatial implication of climate change-related variables and the role of the representation and analysis of the data as a tool for the development of planning policies in urbanized deltas. The presentation illustrates some partial and preliminary results of a broader investigation regarding socio-economic variables too, in order to analyze the spatial impact of changes in deltaic systems. In the deltas' territories, a complex relation between urban patterns and the natural environment takes place. In order to reach successful adaptation policies regarding climate change and urban growth, it is necessary to implement new methodologies to take into account the spatial impacts of each driver and prepare for possible future scenarios. The study is based on the territory of the Lower Parana Delta and the coast of Buenos Aires province, which are complex lands that are very vulnerable to extreme climate events. Specifically, the case study is the coastal Municipality of Tigre, which is being rapidly transformed by natural and urban drivers and suffers the pressures of the demographic growth of Buenos Aires's Metropolitan Area and the deep consequences of climate events.


to recognize the need for forest management in the nineteenth century; early forestry leaders preferred college-educated foresters over the first generation of self-taught foresters; and the forestry movement was shaped by strong personalities who clashed over many aspects of forest policy. In Australia's case, the clash over forestry education—and the Australian Forestry School in particular— provides a window onto the larger debates over Australian forest policy.


Research in the field of small animal Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is currently driven by improving both spatial resolution and sensitivity.We already constructed an edgeless PET system based on a single scintillator annulus that enables Depth of Interaction (DOI) capabilities. Including accurate DOI information plays an important role in small aperture scanners, since it is essential for retrieving a homogeneous spatial resolution across the scanner Field of View (FOV). Our previous system, named Zero prototype, was based on a single LYSO piece with inner cylindrical face but ten outer planar facets to allow for easy photodetector coupling. However, this design results in some undesired internal reflections. To mitigate the impact of these reflection in the estimation of the photon interaction coordinates within the scintillator, we present an upgraded version based on a single LYSO piece with both inner and outer faces following a cylindrical geometry.Monte Carlo simulations have been performed using nuclear and optical tracking. An improvement on the light distribution (LD) profiles was observed. We have calculated a spatial resolution of 0.8 mm at the center of the FOV (cFOV) that remains almost constant along the radial direction. A sensitivity of 12% was found at the system cFOV for a 50% energy window. The reconstructed image quality (IQ) phantom shows the capabilities of this novel approach to resolve all rods of the phantom.


A simple and convenient synthesis of pyrido(2,3,4-kl)acridine (1), the main skeleton of some marine alkaloids, via cyclization and intramolecular nitrene insertion, is described. The importance of the planarity of the molecule during the nitrene insertion is explained.Key words: pyridoacridine, marine alkaloids, nitrene insertion, quinoline, quinolinone.


The objective of this work was to study the effect of pH and ionic matrix on product release and on the removal of uranyl ion by a Citrobacter. sp phosphatase enzyme-catalysed reaction. An improvement in the efficiency of uranyl removal was obtained by incorporating ammonium acetate (NH 4 Ac) into the solution. It was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and other analytical techniques, that the insoluble, cell-bound product was NH 4 UO 2 PO 4


Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), also known as mobile edge computing, facilitates mobile devices (MDs) to offload their excess computation and data to MEC Server (MECS). The MECSs are located in close proximity to the MDs. This improves the energy efficiency of resource limited MD. At MD, the data offloading results in an additional energy cost of data transactions with the MECS. It is observed that for achieving energy efficient computation offloading, partial computation offloads can be more beneficial compared to the binary offloads, i.e., either full- or no-offload. This paper focuses on the challenging question: how much computation to offload? Further, the data to be offloaded can be compressed before transmission to save the transmission energy at an additional cost of compression-decompression energy. The overall energy consumption of an MD is a combined effect of energy overheads and energy savings. The energy overheads and energy savings depend on interdependent factors, e.g., amount of offloaded computation, MD-MECS distance, channel conditions, application type, and compression efficiency. In this paper, we propose a framework for determining energy optimal computation offloading configuration considering application- and system-specific parameters. Next, we investigate the viability of compression-decompression at the energy constrained MD, while offloading. Simulation results show that using compression saves a significant amount (28%) of energy compared to the offloading without compression. Further, using the energy optimal partial-offloading configuration obtained by the proposed framework saves up to 35% energy vis-à-vis binary data offloading.


Tobacco control is often viewed as a clear example of how scientific knowledge can fundamentally change social norms. This article discusses the relationship between scientific knowledge and public policy on the basis of tobacco control and how its development is interpreted quite differently across disciplines. One literature tends to view the impact of science on politics as being almost automatic even in situations where this has clearly not happened. Another literature focuses on the internal obstacles of the political system to let science impact upon public policy. Unfortunately, this division lets each perspective reduce science and public policy to each other all too easily, which this article aims redeem through the use of a Foucauldian concept of the 'will to knowledge' as well as a discussion of how the case relates to the broader literature on science and public policy. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.


6 Professor Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, TURKEY. ABSTRACT Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS) is a severe multisystem disorder associated with premature mortality, due to bone marrow failure. Because HHS is a very rare disease and almost all cases die before 7 years of age, the dental development and dental findings of HHS patients are still not clear. According to our knowledge only twenty seven cases were reported up to now and we did not find any report focusing on the dental evaluation of HHS patients. Therefore, in this report, we aimed to present the dental findings of a twenty-year old patient with HHS.


ABSTRACT The aim of research is to evaluate China's potential trade to selected European markets covered by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Chinese value added embodied in these countries gross exports. The study tried to answer the question: is there relation between Chinese actual exports coverage of its potential exports to selected European markets and China's value added embodied in gross exports of its trade partners in Europe. The study covered 54 industries from selected 19 European countries which are the members of Chinese BRI. The study confirmed the positive relationship between Chinese actual exports coverage and China's value added embodied in gross exports of its selected trade partners in Europe. Moreover, the analysis allowed identifying European markets that were characterized by high export potential for China and still not adequately used both in terms of total exports and value added. The study also identified specific industries, where China was particularly exploiting its exports.


1. Lecturer, Dept of Mass Communication and Journalism, FSSS, Bangladesh University of Professionals. 2. Assistant Professor, Dept of English, FASS, Bangladesh University of Professionals. 3. Teaching Assistant,Dept of English, FASS,Bangladesh University of Professionals. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 05 July 2020 Final Accepted: 10 August 2020 Published: September 2020


Abstract : The Data Management CSCI enables the user to access data from user databases located on either the WWMCCS host of the WWMCCS Workstation (WWS). The WWS databases may be Oracle relational database tables to which the user has access or flat American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) files. Data in the databases is selected by a user according to a qualification criterion; the resulting data subset can then be manipulated and presented as user-formatted reports, statistical graphs, and geographic displays. The SRS specifies the requirements allocated to the Data Management CSCI and enables the Government to assess whether or not the completed CSCI complies with those requirements. Upon Government approval and authentication, the SRS becomes the Allocated Baseline for the CSCI and is used by the contractor as the basis for development and formal testing of the CSCI.


Contents Section 1: Water management and planning Dealing with risk and uncertainty in irrigation water management: an Australian perspective Funding sustainable water infrastructure solutions: a uniform approach Assessment of causes leading to an insufficient water supply in Tegucigalpa, Honduras Water resources management: suggestions to the Brazilian model based on the American experience A study of the rural water supply-demand situation in South West Nigeria Conflict management of water resources in the Sefidrud River Basin of Iran Planning for sustainable water supplies for US army installations Towards sustainable water resources for arid land cities: the case of Riyadh Environmental optimization of tree-shaped water distribution networks Section 2: River basin management Applying a fish biological integrity index to a restoration plan in a small-sized river: case study in the Kamisaigo River The hydrological aspects of sustainable development Effect of land use/land cover changes on runoff in a river basin: a case study Flood mitigation study on a GIS platform for an ungauged catchment: a case study Section 3: Urban water management Riverside restoration - city planner's viewpoint: case of Mutha riverfront, Pune, India Evaluation of a storm flow management design to contain runoff within the watershed using ponds in series Section 4: Hydrological modelling 3D numerical simulation of particle-fluid flow in open channels with a porous bed Modelling the hydraulic link between the Prespa and Ohrid Lakes A simple wetting and drying method for shallow water flow with application in the Vitoria Bay estuary, Brazil The use of global gridded datasets in a hydrological model for a scarce-data Andean watershed Generation of monthly synthetic streamflow series based on the method of fragments Section 5: Hydraulic engineering Using maximum entropy to develop explicit formulae for friction factor calculation in pipe flow Experimental study of transient pressures generated by the impact of a liquid-liquid system Quantifying variable rainfall intensity events on runoff and sediment losses Furrow diking and the economic water use efficiency of irrigated cotton in the Southeast United States Section 6: Water quality Water quality analysis at Javary Lake, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Impact of placer gold mine technology on water quality: a case study of Tuul river valley in the Zaamar goldfield, Mongolia Using a Pilot Plant to demonstrate how raw water alkalinity can influence the treatment of drinking water Studies on water quality index (WQI) of ground water of Surat city, India Status of ground water quality in selected areas of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria An assessment of the urban water service delivery quality gap in Uganda and Tanzania: taping the customer's voice in water service delivery Application of multivariate statistical techniques for surface water quality assessment: case study of Karaj River, Iran Groundwater quality and its variation along irrigation canals in Pakistan Water defluoridation with 150-300A C calcined Bauxite-Gypsum-Magnesite (B-G-Mc) filters Efficiency evaluation of rainwater quality modification by utilizing mixing method with surface water and groundwater Simulation of spatial and temporal variations of dissolved oxygen of Baynespruit stream in South Africa Effect of alum and lime on phosphorus leachability from sewage sludge Section 7: Pollution control Pumping regime influence on groundwater quality in the proximity of a polluted lake Tillage and fallow period management effects on the fate of the herbicide isoxaflutole in an irrigated continuous-maize field Kinetic modelling of degradation of phenolic compounds in leachate Modelling of groundwater contamination by landfill leachate Section 8: Irrigation issues A source of conflict? Distribution of water rights in Abanico Punata, Bolivia Assessing the effectiveness of air-bubble plume aeration in reducing evaporation from farm dams in Australia using modelling Deficit irrigation of peach trees to reduce water consumption The effect of irrigation water quality on soil properties under center pivot irrigation systems in central Saudi Arabia Yield response of cucumber to deficit irrigation in greenhouses Irrigation pressure vs sustenance needs of the great river Ganga (Ganges) in India with reference to Allahabad-Uttar Pradesh Participative irrigation management in the Jordan Valley Alternative techniques of supplementary irrigation for the rain-fed paddy schemes in Brunei Darussalam: a case study of the Kg. Junjungan paddy scheme Effect of irrigation amount and frequency on phenology, vine length and biomass partitioning of wild cucumber (Cucumis myriocarpus) and wild watermelon (Cucumis africanus) Comparing Cucumis africanus and Cucumis myriocarpus using a classical growth analysis tool under five irrigation frequencies Section 9: Sharing our water resources: incentives, policies and perceptions (Special session by H. Bjornlund) New wine in old bottles: a brief history of the use of economic incentives in natural resources management Water reallocation policies: public perceptions Analysing the drivers of irrigator drought strategies in the Southern Murray Darling Basin Factor analysis identifying key values held by South Australian and Victorian irrigators in a time of severe drought Section 10: Flood risk Preliminary results of landslide characteristics due to rainfall in the city of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico using physical modelling Flood risk assessment in Tabasco, Mexico Lakes potency to reduce overflow discharge in the Sunter river area, Jakarta Section 11: Waste water treatment and management Phosphorus removal from greywater in an experimental hybrid compact filter system A conceptual membrane arrangement design in the high pressure vessel for seawater desalination The method of material flow analysis, a tool for selecting sustainable sanitation technology options: the case of Pouytenga (Burkina Faso) Removal and recovery of Ni, Cu and Fe from heavy metal effluent by reduction crystallization Biological treatability study for refinery wastewater using bench scale sequencing batch reactor systems Effect of organic load of refinery wastewater in municipal wastewater treatment using bench scale extended aeration activated sludge system Investigating municipal wastewater treatment in the sultanate of Oman Section 12: Waste water treatment and re-use Tres Rios constructed wetlands: maximizing beneficial reuse while balancing demands of diverse stakeholder needs Recovery of humic substances from landfill leachate via 2500 Da ultrafiltration membrane Use of electrophoresis technique to study removal of toxic metal ions from waste water by adsorption on mineral surface Public attitude towards wastewater reuse for irrigated agriculture in Saudi Arabia Section 13: Water resources and economics An economic analysis of poorly sited septic systems Effect of water scarcity on groundwater use efficiency in the rice sector of Karnataka: a case study Livestock wastes: fish-wealth solution Section 14: The right to water Basin clawbacks: reducing overallocation and the right to water Examining safe yield and sustainable yield for groundwater supplies and moving to managed yield as water resource limits become a reality Section 15: Special paper Climate change and water management: is EU Water Law adapted to climate change?


The scanning electron microscope analysis of the Cergowa sandstones brings new data on their petrological features and chemical composition. Previous work in standard petrographic examination, e.g. polarising (PL) or cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy, displayed limited information on grain surface topography and only assumptions to their geochemistry. Both identification and characterisation of minerals are fundamental in the progress of mining and minerals processing systems. Detrital grains of the Cergowa sandstones are bound by calcite and dolomitic cement and commonly corroded by diagenetic fluids, however, in varying degrees, which is illustrated here by feldspar, quartz and dolomite minerals. Dissolution processes of marginal parts of these mineral grains resulted in corrosion, which increased the contact surface between the grains and the cement. The difference in resistance to these processes was observed not only among distinct groups of minerals, but also within the group of feldspars: between K–feldspars and minerals of plagioclase. That combination resulted in exceptionally strong cementation of the Cergowa sandstones, which is expressed by their high hardness and resistance to abrasion, freezing, and thawing. Inherent parameters of sandstones are characterised by their petrographical properties.


Background. Nowadays, much attention is paid to enterosorption methods that allow cleansing the internal organs and removing extraneous substances out of the body of a sick person.
Objective. The aim of the research was to study the effect of microcrystalline cellulose on the microflora of the large intestine.
Methods. The study was performed on 50 white laboratory Wistar rats weighing 180-270 g, which were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was daily administered with microcrystalline cellulose at a dose of 500 mg/kg. The study followed ethical standards and recommendations for the humanization of work with laboratory animals according to the "European Convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other purposes" (Strasbourg, 1986, 2010), as well as the requirements of the Commission on Bioethics of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University (Minutes No. 66, dated November 01, 2021). The first group involved the intact rats on standard diet, the second – the rats, which received normal feeding of microcrystalline cellulose.
Results. In the feces of the experimental white rats treated with microcrystalline cellulose, the level of Escherichia coli in the large intestine decreased by 22 and 25%. The number of these microorganisms increased by 20% in 7 days and by 14% in 14 days. The content of epidermal staphylococci in the stool decreased by 10% on the 7th day of administration. Microcrystalline cellulose increased the number of Staphylococcus aureus by 12%, but decreased the number of enterococci in the feces by 28%. In 7-14 days of the experiment, the content of these bacteria did not change significantly in the colon. In relation to anaerobic microorganisms – bacteroides and clostridia, this supplement caused a slight increase in the number of bacteroides – by 8.64% and the number of clostridia – by 11.54% on the 14th day. The content of fungi of the Candida genus on the 7th and 14th day increased by 8.3%.
Conclusions. In the 2nd period of the study, the microbiome of intestinal contents worsened: the process of dysbacteriosis increased, which was manifested by a significant increase in the number of Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, anaerobes (bacteroides, clostridia) and Candida spp., as well as decreased Escherichia coli and Enterococci.


Despite thousands of years of celebrating and discussing courage, the canon of world literature and the scholarship in theology, philosophy, psychology, and associated health fields have not taken us too far beyond the question that Confucius examined with his disciples and that Socrates posed to Laches, ''What is courage?'' This core question has sparked many modern investigations into the virtue (e.g., Finfgeld, 1995; Haase, 1987; Lopez, O'Byrne, & Petersen, 2003; Putman, 1997; Rachman, 1984; Shelp, 1984), yet the contours of courage remain undefined. In The Journal of Positive Psychology Special Issue on Courage, positive psychology scholars examine implicit theories, detail subjective experiences, and propose many psychological components of the virtue. In two core articles of this special issue, Rate, Clarke, Lindsay, and Sternberg examine the organizational structure of the folk theories of courage and find that participants systematically apply their implicit theories of courage when evaluating courageous behavior. Pury, Kowalski, and Spearman explore distinctions between personal courage (actions that are courageous given the context of a particular actor's limitations) and general courage (actions that are considered courageous by most people's standards). In a short series of brief reports, Greitemeyer, Osswald, Fischer, and Frey survey their past and present research distinguishing civil courage (brave behavior, accompanied by indignation and anger, engaged in to uphold societal and ethical norms without considering one's own social costs) from helping behavior. Then, Pury and Kowalski consider the character strengths associated with taking courageous actions. Finally, Hannah, Sweeney, and Lester proffer a theory outlining the subjective experience of courage that incorporates positive psychological states and traits and governing societal forces. Finally, Fagin-Jones and Midlarsky consider the make-up of the courageous altruism that contributed to the rescue of Holocaust survivors. The articles in this special issue represent some of the current scholarly thinking on courage. The ideas and collaborations represented in and enhanced by the production of this special issue are needed to create a theoretical and scientific springboard that could launch a more comprehensive examination of courage.


The dynamic light-path diagram of equilateral tri-prism refraction experiment is realized with the help of animation function of Mathematica in this paper . The physical principle it depends on is only the law of refraction in geometrical optics. The phenomenon of minimum deflective angle can be observed clearly in the outcome.


. 10 Gauge-based precipitation measurements suffer from undercatch due to the effects of wind, with solid precipitation measurements especially susceptible to such errors. When it is snowing and windy, unshielded precipitation gauges can catch less than half of the amount of precipitation of a gauge that is protected from the wind. For this reason, the US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) developed a large, double layer, wooden wind shield called the Small Double Fence Intercomparison Reference (SDFIR). In past studies, the SDFIR has been demonstrated to be the most effective wind shield 15 in use in any weather or climate network, reducing solid precipitation undercatch to less than 10% in wind speeds up to 8 m s-1. However, the wooden SDFIRs are subject to decay, they are difficult to replace and maintain, and they hinder access to maintaining the gauge. For these reasons, a new precipitation gauge wind shield called the Low Porosity Double Fence (LPDF) has been developed for use in the USCRN. Tested at three separate sites chosen for prevalent windy and snowy weather, the precipitation measurements recorded within the LPDF compared well to the SDFIR. After more than two years of 20 measurements, the total precipitation recorded by the LPDF at each individual site differed by ± 1.2%, and the total LPDF accumulation from all sites was 0.03% greater than the SDFIR accumulation. For the measurement of solid precipitation, the LPDF-shielded measurements were statistically indistinguishable from the SDFIR, and the time series of accumulation from precipitation gauges shielded by the SDFIR and the LPDF were almost identical. This new wind shield is much smaller and easier


The finite-time synchronization of master-slave system with Markovian jump parameters is investigated in this paper. An equivalent control based terminal sliding mode control is proposed to guarantee the finite-time convergence of error dynamics. By using stochastic theory and Lyapunov method, some conditions are proposed to facilitate the sliding surface design. Furthermore, a desired controller is synthesized to ensure that the trajectory of the closed-loop error system can be driven onto the prescribed sliding mode surface. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of terminal sliding mode control scheme.


Using parallelism method were designed 7 plots of reserve density of sowing seedlings(from 375~825 thousand plants per hm2).Seedling quality was investigated after stopping growth.The optimum reserve density obtained by variance analysis and test of frequency difference hypothesis is 750 thousand plants per hm2.Growing indications of height,diameter and length of root are up to firstclass standard stipulated for Hippophae rhamnoides.


Millions of shelters are lost every year due to disasters. During shelter construction and recovery interventions, a number of factors should be considered during planning and designing to ensure sustainability and resilience. This paper makes recommendations for safe and sustainable shelter recovery programming.


National Acoustic Laboratories (NAL) has recently constructed a "silent" airflow system suitable for measuring the acoustical properties and aerodynamic performance of acoustic louvres. A variable speed centrifugal fan capable of producing an airflow of approximately eight cubic metres per second is housed within a reinforced concrete tunnel which provides excellent attenuation from fan breakout noise. The noise generated by the fan is significantly reduced using a custom built silencer. The overall noise reduction provided by the silencer is approximately 56 dB (Lin). Turbulent airflow generated by the system was stabilised using an air plenum in front of the exhaust duct. Regenerated noise due to air turbulence was reduced by acoustically lining the ductwork. The noise level generated by the fan and turbulence in the production of airflow was between 40 to 62 dB(A) at the entrance to the reverberation room testing chamber with an air flow of 2000 to 8500 l/s. When assessing the performance of acoustic louvres under laboratory conditions, particular attention is given to the measurement of the air pressure and temperature of the airflow as these properties influence the rated aerodynamic performance of the louvre. The "silent" airflow has future applications at NAL in measuring the insertion loss and aerodynamic performance of silencers and ductwork.


This paper is concerned with infinite state probabilistic transition tables, representing the dynamical behavior of a probabilistic automaton and nonhomogeneous infinite-state Markov chains. Many known theorems are generalized from the finite state case to the infinite state case. A possible application to the problem of computing, approximately, products of infinite state stochastic matrices is outlined.


Here we present a technique for estimating the velocity associated with a final preSDM image in great detail. Essentially we employ techniques of continuons velocity estimation used for iterative model update, but apply them in a different context. Rather that using the velocity estimator strictly for velocity model building (on a set of sparse lines), we employ the estimation techniques to the ARP gathers resulting from the final migration for all CRPs in the 3D survey. This achieves two things: firstly it estimates a residual velocity correction for stacking the final CRP gathers to obtain an enhanced image, and secondly, it delivers a dense estimate of velocity for the entire 3D volume in a geologically coherent manner. It is this second feature which is the subject of this paper.


NMR Spectra of more than three strongly coupled spins need to be analyzed with the aid of iterative computer programs. Computation times and convergence depend on the employed measure V of similarity between experimental and theoretical data. The latter are calculated with suitably chosen values for the parameter vector p of the spin system so that V(p) constitutes an error function. Various functions are classified in terms of the representation of spectra and their properties are discussed along particular cross-sections in the parameter space. This includes the dependence on the normalization of the theoretical spectrum (largest peak vs. integral) and kind of unsigned errors (squared vs. absolute value). Computation times and convergence behaviour show that broadened spectra and integral functions may well be used to represent the full spectrum, while triangular line shapes may be of advantage when transition frequencies and intensities are available only.


Olaf Helmer pointed out the coming of credit card economy in the years of two thousands. We can easily see that as credit sales has been increasing, we, in Korea~~ society, are now moving into the credit economy. Looking up the means of sales in major hotels like Lotte and Plaza in Seoul, the ratio of credit sales to total revenue has been increased for the past six years and in 1986 the ratio reached up to 73%, 55% respectively. As credit history is not long enough in Korea, many people are not accustomed to the credit sales, but nowadays many of hotel management have begun to realize the importance of the credit and pay much efforts to acquire knowledges and skills on it. On account of improvement of credit management technique, the ratio of collection, year-end balance ratio to total amount of credit sales and collection period etc. of L and P hotels have been improved in a little satisfactory way for the past six years. The collection ratio reached 96.6% in 1986, year-end balance ratio 3.48% and collection period 13.1 days. The main reasons of causing bad account are bankruptcy, high balance ;and skipper etc. To manage the accounts receivable effectively, the followings are recommended in conclusion of this thesis. Firstly, the credit sales should be made accurately, namely credible customer, telephone number, address and paying date etc. Accounts well opened are half collected. Secondly is keeping a accurate record. Everything that may affect payment should be recorded. Thirdly, the appropriate collection method should be adopted in steps to the customer`s character. Fourthly, scientific controlling on credit sales is needed by using various managemental analysis. Never a rule of thumb. Average collection period, collection ratio, accounts receivable turnover year-end balance are useful items in doing a work effectively.


0. Introduction. In [3; 6; 11] the basic questions of the existence and of the uniqueness of free topological and free topological abelian groups are discussed. Below we present a different approach to these questions and then indicate the consequences of this approach. Whereas M arkov [1 ] resorts to norms and multinorms, Graev [3 ] to metrics and Kakutani [6] to topological products of large families of groups, we use very special groups of homomorphisms. Inasmuch as our construction may be viewed as a topological product, retopologized, our ideas are most closely related to those of Kakutani.


With the implementing of new curriculum project of the primary education and the applications of multimedia technology and network technology in the primary education increasingly, the bad issues about the quality of the teachers in primary and middle school in the countryside are apparent. In order to improve the quality of the teachers in the countryside, we should strengthen the training, and the best approach is implementing modern distance education.


The neural basis of action understanding in humans remains disputed, with some research implicating the putative mirror neuron system (MNS) and some a mentalizing system (MZS) for inferring mental states. The basis for this dispute may be that action understanding is a heterogeneous construct: actions can be understood from sensory information about body movements or from language about action, and with the goal of understanding the implementation ("how") or motive ("why") of an action. Although extant research implicates the MNS in understanding implementation and the MZS in understanding motive, it remains unknown to what extent these systems subserve modality-specific or supramodal functions in action understanding. While undergoing fMRI, 21 volunteers considered the implementation ("How is she doing it?") and motive ("Why is she doing it?") for actions presented in video or text. Bilateral parietal and right frontal areas of the MNS showed a modality-specific association with perceiving actions in videos, while left-hemisphere MNS showed a supramodal association with understanding implementation. Largely left-hemisphere MZS showed a supramodal association with understanding motive; however, connectivity among the MZS and MNS during the inference of motive was modality specific, being significantly stronger when motive was understood from actions in videos compared to text. These results support a tripartite model of MNS and MZS contributions to action understanding, where distinct areas of the MNS contribute to action perception ("perceiving what") and the representation of action implementation ("knowing how"), while the MZS supports an abstract, modality-independent representation of the mental states that explain action performance ("knowing why").


Soce Mouhamadou Mamour, Ehemba Alain Kassine, Diallo Demba, Wade Ibrahima and DiengMoustapha. Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar, Senegal. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History


This paper addresses the issue of "conservatism" in the time-domain stability robustness bounds obtained by the Lyapunov approach. A state transformation is employed to improve the upper bounds on the linear time-varying perturbation of an asymptotically stable linear time-invariant system for robust stability. This improvement is due to the variance of the conservatism of the Lyapunov stability condition with respect to the basis of the vector space in which the Lyapunov function is constructed. The proposed analysis is applied to a VTOL aircraft control example to provide a constant linear state feedback control that is stability robust for the full range of parameter variations given.


Objective This analysis was made to get an insight into the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the teachers and employee of Southwest University to provide a basis for the formulation of reasonable measures for healthcare of the teachers and employee of University.Method Teachers and employee of Southwest University who received health checkup in 2006 were selected as subjects and height,body weight,blood pressure,blood sugar,triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were used as measurement indices.SPSS statistical software was employed for data analysis.Results The incidence rate of metabolic syndrome among teachers and employee of our college was 12.53 %,(13.05 % in male and 11.89 % in female)with no statistical significance between male and female,including different age groups.The incidence of metabolic syndrome was statistically in the age groups:little than 40 years.Conclusion Metabolic syndrome is relatively prevalent among teachers and employee of our college.It seems that the disease occurs more often in male than in female,but no statistical significance is found.It is seen that the syndrome tends to increase with age.Intervention and control of metabolic syndrome should be taken seriously among teachers and employee of University to prevent the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.


A preparation method of which mading the phase-changing energy-storing materials by sol-gel is presented.Under simulated environment,all process factors that influence the composite phase change material' s thermal properties including aging time,aging temperature,dosage of PCM,dosage of dispersing agent,and ultrasonic dispersing time are researched.Based on the research,when the dosage of PCM is 14 g,the aging temperature is 80 ℃,the aging time is 4 min,the dosage of dispersing agent is 1.5 g,and the ultrasonic dispersing time is 10 min,the energy-storing composite phase change material prepared has excellent thermal properties and reaches energy-storing effect.


Introduction [PN]: Joseph H. Greenberg was born in Brooklyn, New York, on May 28, I9I5. He took his bachelor's degree at Columbia University in -1936 and his Ph.D. at Northwestern University in I940. After some I4 years' teaching at Columbia, he moved in i962 to Stanford University, where he has been professor of linguistics and anthropology ever since. Greenberg has been an extremely prolific scholar and has published groundbreaking works in the areas of language classification, typology, and universals, among others. Two volumes of his collected papers (Greenberg 197Ia, iggo) have been issued, the latter containing a full list of his writings, and two Festschriften have been published in his honor (Juilland I977, Croft, Denning, and Kemmer I990). His own thoughts about his career as a linguistic anthropologist are found in Greenberg (I986). The following interview was conducted in July I989 with a brief continuation in February I99I.


Quantifying the oxygen consumption (V̇O2) of skeletal muscle, which represents the largest metabolically‐active tissue mass, is an important assessment in exercise physiology. The gold standard for quantifying muscle V̇O2 in the exercising human is the direct Fick method, however, technical challenges (e.g. arterial catheter insertion) preclude the widespread use of this technique, justifying the need for alternative approaches for the quantification of muscle V̇O2. Recently, we developed a noninvasive method of quantifying muscle V̇O2 using Doppler ultrasound measurements of blood flow (Q̇) and near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)‐derived deoxygenated‐[Heme] in a modified Fick method calculation, but, to date, this has not been validated against the gold standard method.


Aim:  The lack of a nationwide survey on hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Japan led us to investigate the epidemiological profiles of these infections among Japanese children.


Virtual network embedding is researched across multiple domains under network virtualization environment. A hierarchical virtual resource provisioning architecture with centralized management and distributed control is proposed. On this basis, an effective virtual network embedding across multiple domains framework is built, and virtual network request is divided, which aims to minimize the embedding cost. An Optimal Artificial Bee Colony (OABC) algorithm is proposed to address this problem. Simulation results show that the performances of the proposed method are better than some other methods on average divide time, acceptance of virtual network request, and average extra embedding cost.


In the title compound, [Sn(C13H11N4S)(CH3)3], the SnIV atom is coordinated by an S atom from the 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazonato (L) ligand [Sn—S 2.4710 (6) Å] and by three methyl groups [Sn—C 2.123 (3)–2.130 (2) Å] in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The aromatic rings of the L ligand form a dihedral angle of 2.1 (1)°.


Objectives. There was investigated an effect of different medium influence and the red light influence on Photofrin II and hypericin. Material and Method. Photofrin II and hypericin dissolved in ethanol and PBS were excitated by the red light (λ = 630 nm) and studied by spectroscopy UV/Vis method. Results. The red light increased value of the sensitizer extinction coefficient (e). Increasing of a solvent polarity caused absorption bands red shift for Ph II (λPBS = 370 nm and λEt−OH = 393 nm) and blue shift for HY (λPBS = 604 nm and λEt−OH = 590 nm). Conclusions. The red light and solvent type have a significant influence on dyes examined in this study. Knowing the chemical features one can determine their behaviour and the way they can bind each other and with other com− pounds in the cell (Adv Clin Exp Med 2004, 13, 6, 897–901).


This paper contains some results of an on-going project concerned with remedying surface condensation and mould growth in terrace housing. The project started in 1983 and was instigated by Coventry Churches Housing Association in response to complaints from tenants of 'damp' and mould. It was carried out in two phases. The first phase consisted of a detailed survey of a sample of houses and their occupants. This survey analysed the relationship of condensation with house plan type, the form and construction of the extensions, the orientation of the house, the moisture generated within the house, the amount of heating and the extent of ventilation. This, together with a theoretical analysis, indicated some of the most appropriate methods of remedying the problems. The second phase involved the implementation and monitoring of the remedial measures.


Major powers' interests in enhancing their engagement with Southeast Asian states and the main regional organization, ASEAN, are at a historic high and rising. The United States of America and Japan, the established, mature major powers, and India and China, the re-emerging and neighbouring ones, are each increasing their policy interest in Southeast Asia, Southeast Asian states, ASEAN and the larger regional groupings that include Southeast Asian states. Reflecting this, India, in mid-2013, became the last of these four powers to commit to a separate ambassadorial-level diplomatic relationship with ASEAN. 1 This enhancing engagement is due to the perceived growing strategic influence of key Southeast Asian states, particularly Indonesia, and the perceived central position of the region in the rapidly changing Asia-Pacific security order. It is clear that some of these major power interests in Southeast Asia are competitive, often pitting China against the United States, Japan or India in the search for closer ties and greater influence with regional states. China's early move to sign a preferential trade deal with ASEAN and Japan's (and South Korea's, India's, Australia's and New Zealand's) tit-for-tat response is held up as an example of such competition 2 as is the present competition between the US-led, China-less Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade deal and the ASEAN-led Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership favoured by China and India. 3 Less commented on is the fact that there is growing policy cooperation among these major powers and Southeast Asian states. The establishment from 2009 of bi-annual disaster relief exercises under the auspices of the ASEAN Regional


The effect of different enzyme products on the utilisation of high copra meal (CPM)-based diets by growing pigs was investigated in two experiments (1 and 2). Four diets containing 0, 150, 300 and 450 g CPM/kg were fed in Experiment 1. Feed intake and bodyweight gain were depressed (P 0.05) up to 300 g/kg dietary CPM. Dressing percentage improved (P < 0.05) on 150 compared with the control and 450 g/kg diets. In Experiment 2, four diets based on 300 g CPM/kg unsupplemented/supplemented with Allzyme, β-mannanase or their combinations were fed. Feed intake reduced on the control compared with Allzyme supplementation (P < 0.05). Bodyweight gain was improved with Allzyme supplementation. Pigs fed diets supplemented with Allzyme and mannanase converted their feed into weight better (P < 0.05). Growth rates decreased when CPM was included in the diet at levels greater than 150 g/kg, but at 300 g/kg the decrease in growth rate was much less when supplemented with Allzyme or β-mannanase.


This paper demonstrates that existing Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques have potential during the production phase in addition to their application for maintenance and for in-flight monitoring. Flaws occur during composite fabrication in industry, due to an imperfect process control and human errors. This decreases production efficiency and increases costs. In this paper, the monitoring of Lamb waves in unidirectional carbon fibre (UD-CFRP) prepreg material is demonstrated using both Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBG)s and piezolectric acoustic sensors, and that these SHM sensors may be used for flaw detection and production monitoring. The detection of Lamb waves in a one ply thick sheet of prepreg UD-CFRP material is demonstrated for an FBG sensor aligned with the carbon fibre orientation and bonded to the surface of the prepreg, Furthermore, the velocity of Lamb waves in prepreg UD-CFRP in different orientations is investigated. Finally the successful detection of a material crack in a prepreg UD-CFRP sheet using the Lamb wave detection method is demonstrated.


Demands for the replacement materials of cement have been increasing due to social problems such as CO₂ reduction and exhaustion of resource. Recently industrial by-products, for example GGBFS and fly ash, have been used as an admixture. However Studies on POFA have been insufficient. POFA, which is used in this study, was obtained from burning of palm oil shell and husk from a southern part of Malaysia. In this study, early compressive strength and porosity of cement mortar with POFA are measured, and appropriate fraction of POFA is 10%. In terms of porosity, POFA is used as a filer in mortar. Later, activity index of POFA and long-term experiments are needed.


Industry employers have traditionally been involved with the academia serving in advisory boards and as internship providers. In both cases, their involvement contributes to the development of undergraduate and graduate program curriculums and offering general advice on workforce skills and competencies. This paper describes the collaboration efforts among the Department of Management and MIS of the University of Nicosia, guest lecturers from various disciplines and Game Industry Experts in the creation and implementation of the new industry-driven MIS-465 Business and Management of Games Course. More specifically, the study reports on the design, development and implementation of the course with Game Industry Experts and guest lecturers from other fields playing an active role. Organizational, pedagogical and practical ideas associated with the immersion of students in an industry-driven course are addressed. A suggested framework is presented for educators who want to deliver industry-driven courses.


Based on Empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and sparse time-frequency analysis method, two new LFM parameter estimation methods are proposed. EWT method builds adaptive wavelets and decomposes the LFM signal into different modes, which can be processed through energy-oriented principal component extraction (EPCE) method to estimate the parameters of LFM signal. The second method tries to find the sparsest representation of multi-scale data within dictionary consisting of AM-FM intrinsic mode functions (IMF) through solving nonlinear L1 optimization problem. Comparisons are made with EEMD based EPCE method to show the usefulness of these two methods.


There are many difficulties in farm machinery promotion,and promotion system of farm machinery is weaker than before. Then the article analyzes the issues existing in promotion work,puts forward some advices on farm machinery promotion,in order to provide reference for agricultural machinery promotion.


Objective:To evaluate the potential correlation of the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)parameters and perfusion-weighted imaging(PWI)parameters with the T stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods:Ninety-four newly diagnosed NPC patients received DWI and PWI examination.Spearman correlation coefficients were obtained to evaluate the potential correlations between MR parameters of primary NPC lesions and clinical T stage based on Chinese 2008 Staging System.Results:Ktrans(r=0.226,P=0.029)and Ve(r=0.553,P=0.000)showed positive correlation with T stage respectively.Keprevealed negative correlation with T stage(r=-0.350,P=0.001).No correlation was found either between fPV(r=-0.122,P=0.240)or apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)(r=-0.056,P=0.592)with T stage.Compared with Tlow(T1and T2 stage NPC)group,Thigh(T3and T4 stage NPC)group had significantly higher Ktrans value[(0.386±0.171)vs(0.313±0.115)min-1],higher Vevalue(0.302±0.107 vs 0.219±0.102)and lower Kepvalue[(1.333±0.436)vs(1.552±0.472)min-1].The fPV and ADC value in Thighgroup was(0.017±0.021)and(0.935±0.144)×10-3s/mm2 respectively.The fPV and ADC value in Tlow group was(0.019±0.018)and(0.950±0.196)×10-3s/mm2 respectively.No significant difference in fPV or ADC value was found between Thighgroup and Tlowgroup.Compared with Ktransand Kep,Vewas most powerful for T staging with sensitivity of 91.8% and specificity of 63.2% based on the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Conclusion:PWI quantitative parameters may act as imaging biomarkers for non-invasively assessing the tumor microstructure in NPC with different T stage.Whereas,ADC value may have difficulty in evaluating the difference of water molecular diffusion motion between NPC primary lesions with different T stages.


Abstract One of the main determinants of the success of a project is the right choice of people. The main focus of the present paper is on the role of the project manager in project management. The project delivery model and the execution, support, and management processes were described. Attention was paid to quality assurance processes in project management. The problems of creating and leading project teams were discussed. Based on empirical research, the main traits, skills, and competences that a project manager should have were identified. The final part of the paper provides an example of the competence profile of a project manager according to the IPMA model.


We describe the complete set of matrices in the Harwell-Boeing sparse matrix collection, a set of standard test matrices for sparse matrix problems. This description includes some documentation for each matrix (or set of matrices) in the collection. We also describe how a copy of the collection may be obtained.