In 2000, the European Parliament and the Council adopted the Water Framework Directive, whose ultimate objective was to attain a good ecological status for all surface, transitional, coastal and groundwaters in the Union by the end of 2015. The directive gave Member States a large margin of discretion in the implementation of its provisions. However, the quality of European waters remains largely mediocre. In that context, two judgments delivered by the Court of Justice, one in 2015 and one in 2022, provide a strict interpretation of the directive's provisions in the domain of surface waters. The first establishes that any deterioration of the ecological status, even if small, is prohibited. The second specifies that, except for derogation, temporary, short-term degradations are not allowed either. The conclusions of those cases are applicable to other types of water bodies and may lead to an improvement in their management.


The invention relates to a method for preparing kaolin used by glass fiber. The method for preparing kaolin used by glass fiber is characterized by comprising following steps: 1) pre-calcining raw kaolin ore power at a temperature of 600 to 650 DEG C for 2.0 to 2.5 h so as to obtain the pre-calcined kaolin; the particle size of the raw kaolin ore power is smaller than 325 meshes; 2) adding an additive to the pre-calcined kaolin, wherein the additive is ZnO and CeO2, the addition of the ZnO accounts for 1 millesimal to 5 millesimals with respect to the mass of the pre-calcined kaolin, and the addition of the CeO2 also accounts for 1 to 5 parts per thousand with respect to the mass of the pre-calcined kaolin; blending and mixing so as to obtain the kaolin used by glass fiber; the content ofwater absorbed in the obtained kaolin used by glass fiber is H2O- less than or equal to 2.0 percent. The invention eliminates the phenomena of foams, coloring and infusible substances which occur whendomestic kaolin is used as a filler to by applied in the glass fiber industry, and meanwhile is more favorable for the stability of the homogenization and quality of the raw glass fiber ore; the prepared kaolin conforms to the national standards and industry requirement, can replace the imported kaolin used by glass fiber and meanwhile reduces the production cost of the glass fiber.


We use the functional renormalization group method to analyze the phase diagram of a 4-band model for the iron-pnictides subject to band interactions with certain A_{1g} momentum dependence. We determine the parameter regimes where an extended s-wave pairing instability with and without nodes emerges. On the electron-doped side, the parameter regime in which a nodal gap appears is found to be much narrower than recently predicted in arXiv:0903.5547. On the hole-doped side, the extended s-wave pairing never becomes nodal: above a critical strength of the intra-band repulsion, the system favors an exotic extended d-wave instability on the enlarged hole pockets at much lower T_c. At half filling, we find that a strong momentum dependence of inter-band pair hopping yields an extended s-wave instability instead of spin-density wave (SDW) ordering. These results demonstrate that an interaction anisotropy around the Fermi surfaces generally leads to a pronounced sensitivity of the pairing state on the system parameters.


Hospital admissions pattern helps to understand the acceptability and utilization of health care services and also indicates the disease burden prevailing in the serving community. This study is an attempt to determine the current pattern of admissions and their clinical outcomes at a tertiary care hospital in Assam. A retrospective record-based study was conducted in Jorhat Medical College and Hospital from 2011 to 2014. A total of 9, 10,157 patients have attended the Out Patient Department (OPD) and 1,28,824 patients were admitted to the In Patients Department (IPD). The daily average of patients attended the OPD ranges between 688-848 and about 77 to 98 patients were admitted to the IPD. In OPD, majority of the patients attended medicine department (19.5%) followed by Emergency (15.4%) and Orthopedics (10.2%) department. Similar pattern was observed in the IPD with Medicine having the highest case load (30.5%) followed by Obstetrics and Gynaecology (25.6%) and Surgery (16.7%). The rural urban patient ratio was calculated as 60:40. The Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) of the hospital was found 87.8%. Approximately 3% patients died in hospital, 80% improved and 12% were referred to other institution. We could not evaluate the status of 5% patients who were Discharged Against Medical Advice (DAMA). Our study indicates that the services provided by this teaching hospital are acceptable to the community and showing an increasing trend of patient flow with efficient bed occupancy rate. Majority of the admitted patients were discharged from the hospital on improvement. For a newly established government hospital it may be labelled as time-honoured advancement.


The big challenge with all small loop designs is to minimise resistive losses. Many loops are only operated at low power levels (typically 10watts or less). At these power levels losses are not particularly noticeable (although they do reduce the loops efficiency). I wanted to be able to operate with 100 watts, which meant that the main design problem was the method used to construct the tuning capacitor so that it was capable of withstanding an operating voltage of greater than 8,000 Volts and currents in excess of 40 amps. It also had to have sufficient range of capacitance to permit tuning of the loop over a broad frequency range. Commercial loop antennas use vacuum variable capacitors in order to meet this set of design parameters. However such devices cost several hundred pounds, even on the surplus market.


It is an undisputable fact that we are now in the Computer age. The computer system as used now is based on the digital technology. The digital technology is based on the use of 0 and 1 which are the principle digits of the binary digits. Many people are finding it difficult to reconcile this fact. This must be the reason the number system is not given its right of place in today's school curriculum. This study investigated the inculcation of the knowledge of the binary numbers by student and its effect on the acquisition of computer skills. The sample size was 120 students from JSS1 who were on vacation programme in a Private secondary school in Uyo in Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria which was purposively sampled for the study because they had enough computer systems needed for practice. The sample was divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught binary numbers and its application in digital system for two weeks while the control group was taught the mathematic topic for the week. For another 4 weeks both groups were taught computer applications. The research instrument used in this study was a 50 multiple choice question test and some practical works on computer research. The study adopted pretest-posttest controlled group design. Results obtained indicated a significant difference between the mean performance scores of the two groups in favour of the experimental group showing that the teaching of binary numbers to students enhanced their knowledge and use of computer. It was recommended that proper attention should be paid to the teaching of the binary based system as it enhances the inculcation and application of the computer technology. Keywords: Binary Numbers, Computer technology, Computer Education, Computer skills acquisition


Objective: Use of some restrictive procedures, including physical restraint, has been controversial. For children within the foster care system, who have already suffered various degrees of abuse and neglect, restrictive procedures could add to their emotional and behavioral problems. The current study was conducted to determine whether a behavioral staff training program would help reduce the use of restrictive procedures at two group facilities housing children in the foster care system. Method: Pre- and posttraining measures (incident reports) were obtained within a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design to document the use of restrictive procedures. Results: The data revealed decreases in reports of several restrictive procedures (e.g., take downs, physical holds, and physical and pharmacological restraints) at both facilities. Conclusions: The results suggest that training direct care staff personnel, including social workers, in positive behavioral strategies might reduce staff use of restrictive procedures and result in fewer injuries to both children and staff.


Jiangsu owns beaches,radiating sand banks and shallow ocean resources have characteristic resources in abundant marine life,harbor and navigation and ocean tourism.In recent years ocean development is getting alone well,but the further pushing forward and sustainable development is limited by the two bottlenecks of resources and ecological environment.To break through the control and to realize rapid growth of Jiangsu economy,the green development strategy of ocean economy should be implemented.First,develop the characteristic industry such as aquatics-breeding industry on beach and radiating sand banks.Second,put into practice the sustainable development strategy,and third to optimize the operation mechanism of ocean development.


This paper extends the classical problem of electromagnetic scattering of spherical conductors to the case of two coalescing spheres of different size. The incident field is a linearly polarized plane wave with arbitrary polarization angle /spl gamma/ and angle of incidence /spl alpha/. The scattered field is given in terms of multipole fields scattered from each sphere.


The fecundity of Drosophila in the laboratory depends on the level of crowding during the larval stage. In addition, the function describing the number of adults produced by an initial number of eggs is not one-to-one. Consequently, the population dynamics determined from adult-to-adult transitions are likely to be biased (Prout and McChesney 1985). This result has called into question the general conclusion that laboratory populations of Drosophila have asymptotically stable population dynamics, since these observations were based on adult-to-adult transitions. Prout and McChesney's own data seem to indicate that eigenvalues less than -1 may occur in laboratory populations of Drosophila. A reexamination of their data actually supports the notion that laboratory populations of Drosophila have stable dynamics. However, a thorough resolution of this question will require a determination of the population dynamics by observing changes in the number of eggs. For populations of Drosophila kept in the serial-transfer system, it is shown that the two currently practiced methods for determining population stability are not equivalent. Since the method employing the mth-order difference equation (Mueller and Ayala 1981a) takes into account the complicated features of the serial-transfer system, it should be the preferred method.


COMPARISON OF A POROUS-SURFACED WITH A TOTALLY POROUS VENTRICULAR ENDOCARDIAL PACING ELECTRODE ] . Dennis Bobyn, Ph.D., Gregory 1. Wilson, M.D., Taras R. Mycyk, M.D., Peter Klement, D.V.M., David C. MacGregor. M.D., Banting Institute. Toronto, Ontario. This experimental study compared the electrophysiological performance of a porous-surfaced and a totally porous electrode, two fundamental design va r iations of the porous electrode concept which have recently been introduced clinically as improvements in cardiac pacing technology. Six porous-surfaced (PS) and 6 totally porous (TP) flanged electrodes having similar outside dimensions and surface areas but a different type and size of porosity were implanted in the right ventricular apex of 12 dogs. Stimulation thresholds (ST) under constant current (CC) and constant voltage conditions at several pulse durations from 0.1 to 2 msec, sensed peak-to-peak R-wave amplitudes, and source impedances (SI) were measured at implant and 1, L,, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 30 weeks (explant) . Representative results (CC thresholds at 1 msec) are summarized (mean ± standard deviation) in the following table: Group Sr (mA) R-wave (mV) SI (kn) 0 wks 30 wks 0 wks" 30 wks 0 wks 30 wks PS .35±O.l 0.8±0.2 26 + 8.5 27 ±8.4 l.ltO.l 1.2±0.2 TP .37±O.l 1.2±0.5 31 ±6.1 25 ±7.9 0.9±0.3 1.6±0.5 Statistical analysis (analysis of variance. Student 's t test) of the ST and the sensing data at the different time intervals indicated a modest but significant (p<.05 to p<.0001) superiority of the poroussurfaced electrode in every facet of electrophysiological performance. Both electrode types are capable of highly acceptable function and represent a t t r ac tive approaches in the development of the ideal pacing electrode. COS! EFFECTIVENESS IN CAKDIAC mciNG Peter Liu. H.D. Arthur W. Chisholm, M.D. Gordon M. Froggatt, M.B. Allen W. Harrison, M.D. James R. Cameron, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Medical Centre, Toronto, CANADA. Controversy s t i l l exists over the Cost Effectiveness (CE) of Short Life (SL = 3 years) vs. Long Life (LL = 10 years) pacemakers in the elderly population due to pati e n t ' s presumed limited longevity. Eighteen SL lithium pacemakers were implanted a t this centre from April 1978 to July 1979, to assess the CE of such an operation. The average age of the l8 patients was 83.5 years (range: 70-93 years); compared to an average age of 72.5 years in a to ta l of 200 patients undergoing pacemaker implants at th is centre over the same period. Fifteen patients had A-V block, and three had sick sinus syndrome. Twelve pat ients were pacer dependent and six had var i able degrees of dependence. On follow-up at 17-32 months, two patients had non-pacemaker related deaths, and five patients have already required generator change. The original cost was 81145 (A) for the SL pacemaker; $1895 (B) for the I i pacemaker; and current cost of re placing the generator including surgery and hospi tal ization i s $2900 (C). At current follow-up, the extra cost of replacing 5 generators in th is series has a l ready exceeded the putative savings of the i n i t i a l cheaper SL pacemakers. Conclusion: 1) SL pacemaker i s not cost effective in our series of elderly pat ients; and 2) in fact, i f the percentage of patients expected to require generator replacement exceeds the ra t io K=(B-A)/C x 1005 ,̂ then long l i fe pacer and lead systems will provide the best CE in the future. A FIFTEEN YEAR COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CARDIAC PACJNG COSTS Abe Lopman, BA; Clifford L. Langer, MBA: Seymour Furman, MD, FACC; Doris J.W. Escher, MD, FACC, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. The t o t a l cost of t r ea t ing the pacemaker (PM) pa t i en t (PT) has decreased by 46* from 1965-1980. Figures are based upon: cos ts in do l l a r s per PT day, costs of PM, PM longevi ty, PT longevi ty, follow-up care ( i . e . c l i n i c v i s i t s , t r ans telephone monitoring (TTM) c a l l s ) , and personnel cos t s in constant 1980 do l l a r s (U.S. Bureau of Labor S t a t i s t i c s ) . At Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, 50% cumulative survival i s 8 years a f t e r i n i t i a l implant. The following tab le descr ibes changing costs for t r ea t ing the PM PT for 8 years of care from the point of i n i t i a l implant in 1965, 1970, 1975, ahd 1980. 1980* 1975* 1970* 1965* #PM/8 Yrs. 1 2 3 4 PM Life-Each (mos) 96 43, 96 37,37,43 18,18,37,37 Tot PM Cost ($) 2,729 4,904 5,391 6,276 Tot Days of Hosp 6.5 15 20 29 Tot Hosp S 2,600 6,070 6,468 6,089 Tot Prof Fees ($) 1,710 2,067 2,137 1,742 Tot Staff (5) 249 406 467 573 Tot Follow-up ($) 3,971''" 6,348+ 6,763 6,045 8 Yr Cost/PT 11,259'̂ 19,795"^ 21,226 20,725 Cost/Yr/PT l,407-'2,474+ 2,653 2,590 *Year of implant; +Projected Cost These data reflect the reduction in coots of contemporary oardiac pacing caused by the prolongation of the PM life span, transition from outpatient visits to the less expensive TTM follow-up and present TTM schedules, and to the reduction in hospital PT days, all producing a shift from a labor-intensive service, to a modern, cost efficient, capital-intensive mode of care. INITIAL AND EARLY FOLLOW-UP ASSESSMENT OF THE CLINICAL EFFICACY OF A MULTIPARAMETER-PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR David L. Hayes. M.D.. James D. Maloney, M.D., FACC, John Merideth, M.D., David R. Holmes, Jr., M.D., FACC, Bernard Gersh, M.D., FACC, James C. Broadbent, M.D., Michael J. Osborn, M.D., FACC, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Recent advances in pacemaker (PM) technology have produced noninvasively multiparameter-programmable pulse generators (MPPG) that have the potential for resolving complications that result from the PM system and for providing a mechanism whereby adjustments can be made for the specific needs of a patient (pt) without compromising reliability and longevity. These applications were assessed by analyzing the initial indications, clinical efficacy, and reliability in 100 consecutive pts who received an MPPG. Data analysis showed that 78J! of the 100 pts had changes in rate programmed, 16% in pulse width, and 5% in sensitivity. Programmability was utilized for voltage amplitude (1 pt) but was not utilized for hysteresis and refractory period. Although programming changes (rate and pulse width) generally could have been accomplished with simpler units, programmability for sensitivity made it possible to solve PM problems in 5 pts and clearly eliminated the need for reoperation in 2 pts. The compact size of the MPPG has allowed its use in pts in the pediatric age group, pts with a small frame, and pts with a major concern about cosmetic appearance. Programming sensitivity for proper sensing of the atrial signal allows use of the MPPG as an atrial PM. This was done in 1 pediatric pt who also benefited from suppression of atrial overdrive. There have been no episodes of spurious programming. Reliability has not been sacrificed by the increased complexity of this unit. If preimplant criteria for use of an MPPG are too strict, this may limit its potential therapeutic value because the need for its flexibility characteristics is unpredictable. PACE,. Vol. 4 March-April 1981 241


The United States' refusal to reappoint judges to the WTO Appellate Body will potentially render the appellate mechanism functionless at the end of this year. One of the alleged justifications provided by the Trump Administration – the treatment of previous Appellate Body reports as precedent – is the subject of this article. By examining the WTO legal framework as well as relevant case law, the paper demonstrates that the criticism in this regard is unjustified, and instead rather serves to conceal the dissatisfaction with consecutive negative decisions by panels and the Appellate Body, dismantling protectionist US measures.


Today there are a number of works devoted to the study of the health of older people and the particularities of their lives with various chronic diseases. In sociological research, the issue of loneliness among older people is considered separately from the issue of health. Older people's loneliness is often studied as an imposed condition rather than a conscious choice. In this study, our goal was to analyze the understanding of older people's loneliness and possible health problems of older people living alone in both urban and rural areas. The aim of this article is to consider the characteristics of everyday health care for older people in everyday life. The research method is semi-structured interviews with older people living separately in St. Petersburg and in villages of the Republic of Karelia. The method used to analyze the interviews is thematic. The main results of the work are the key issues highlighted in the study in relation to the daily life of older people and the impact of loneliness. The article shows that older people's main concern is mental health and how to maintain it, as well as the importance of communication and interaction in improving mental health. The results of the study make it im-portant to revise some ideas about the concept of active longevity, as well as the need for a special approach and planning of social policies with a focus on those older people for whom loneliness is a conscious choice. It is important to maintain mental health and support physical health for such older people.


The researchers made efforts in elucidating the mechanism for miR-145-5p participating in neuronal ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) via targeting fibroblast growth factor-5 (FGF5). OGD/R was performed to construct the neuronal injury model. After OGD/R, the oxidative stress injury of nerve cells was enhanced significantly, the levels of lactic dehydrogenase, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde rose, while the superoxide dismutase activity decreased. Both miR-145-5p and cell apoptosis rate increased. MiR-145-5p had a targeting relation to FGF5. After miR- 145-5p inhibitor transfection of nerve cells, inhibition of oxidative stress together with apoptosis was observed. FGF5 siRNA could reverse the impact on oxidative stress, FGF5, and apoptosis exerted by miR-145-5p-inhibitor in the OGD/ R model. Being a latent target of I/R treatment, miR-145-5p induces the oxidative stress injury as well as apoptosis of HT22 cells by targeting and binding FGF5.


Background: 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is widely used to induce neurotoxicity and investigate the mechanisms of Parkinson disease. 6-OHDA causes cell injury through various mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. The selective Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil displays neuroprotective effects in several neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of fasudil in PC12 cytotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA. Methods: PC12 cells were exposed to 5, 10, 25, and 50 µM of fasudil concentrations. After 24 h, the IC50 value of 6-OHDA (150 µM) was added. Twenty-four hours later, the viability of cells was evaluated via MTT assay and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by the fluorimetric method. At the 50 µM concentration of fasudil, with or without 6-OHDA, the changes of protein levels including STAT3, p-STAT3, JAK2, p-JAK2, and caspase-3 were determined via western blotting. Results: Our results showed that 6-OHDA increased the intracellular level of ROS, reduced cell viability, upregulated p-STAT3/STAT3 and p-JAK2/JAK2 ratios and significantly raised cleaved caspase-3 in comparison to control group. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with fasudil (50 µM) for 24 h could reverse all changes induced by 6-OHDA. Conclusion: 6-OHDA caused cytotoxicity in PC12 cells through inducing of oxidative stress and activating of JAK/STAT and apoptosis pathways, while pretreatment with fasudil exhibited protective effect on 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity via the inhibition of oxidative stress and prevention of these pathways.


The article reports the findings of the pilot research that investigates the development and testing of a system of tools and methods employed for formation of organizational and managerial competence of a university teacher. The tool for organizational and managerial competence formation analyzed herein is the additional professional program, i.e. "Educational Programs Management", implemented at the Center for the Development of Professional Competencies of Samara University. The program is aimed at the development of organizational and managerial competence components (value-motivational, cognitive, design, expert), formation of students' readiness for effective interaction in the course of design and implementation of competitive educational programs. Educational Programs Management includes four sections: Economics of education: analysis and control of the financial and economic activities of higher educational organizations; Educational program management; Economics of educational program; The quality and competitiveness of the educational program. The content of sections and subsections of the program, training methods, ensuring the development of indicators of value-motivational, cognitive, design and expert components, were selected with due respect to the structure of the organizational and managerial competence being formed. It has been revealed that it is reasonable to use the methods as follows: ways of positive motivation formation (productive learning environment; diversity and inclusion; professional and personal achievements and accomplishments, etc.); interactive teaching methods (role-playing and business games, discussions, brainstorming, case studies, trainings, etc.); methods for the development of personal educational environment (the use of personal experience of teachers, self-reflection, self-knowledge, etc.). The research has confirmed the efficiency of the developed system of tools and methods under study, which has been developed for formation of organizational and managerial competence of university teachers based on the growth of the self-esteem index of its components and changes in the dominant indicators.


Providing support for experiential learning about computer networking poses difficulties for both students and lecturers: the low level nature of network programming and monitoring requires systems-level skills that are often absent in undergraduates; the time available in any given module is limited; the view from the classpsilas laboratory is constrained by firewalls and provides only one perspective onto the Internet; the adaptive nature of TCP is often invisible when seen only on a LAN. We have sought to address these challenges by exploiting Planet Lab (www.planet-lab.org) for educational purposes. Planet Lab is a networking research facility consisting of nodes at over 400 sites across the world, which are exempt from institutional firewall restrictions, and which are shareable amongst all members. We have developed a framework with an appropriate set of graphical user interfaces that runs on Planet Lab and allows students to experiment with core Internet protocols. TCP Live is a particular application that uses the framework. This paper describes the structure of the framework and its use to support experiential learning about TCP.


The invention discloses a hoarded coal transferring machine including a machine frame. A connection part is disposed on the front end of the machine frame. A travelling part is disposed on the lower side of the machine frame. A scraper conveyer, a driving apparatus and a hoarded coal hopper of which one side is opened are disposed above the machine frame. The hoarded coal hopper is disposed on thetail of the machine frame, wherein the opening side of the hoarded coal hopper is towards the tail of the machine frame. One end of the scraper conveyer stretches into the hoarded coal hopper. Baffles are disposed on two sides of a part, which is not stretched into the hoarded coal hopper, of the scraper conveyer. The driving apparatus is used for driving the scraper conveyer. The hoarded coal transferring machine has simple total structure, is easy to manufacture, has great practicability, can greatly reduce influence on production due to main transportation system of a mine, and significantly increases production efficiency of the coal mine.


ABSTRACT Chromosome karyotyping is an important procedure in clinical and cancer cytogenetics research. In this study, based onefficient chromosome image processing and approximate knowledge-based geometry classification, a new automatickaryotyping technique is introduced which comprises some efficient intelligent sequential phases, namely chromosomeimage collector, chromosome image processor, chromosome analysis result database. In this paper, detailed techniquesincluding image preprocessing, chromosome incision and chromosome classification have been presented. By testing ona large number of clinical data, excellent result has been reached and the performance of automation has been greatly improved. Keywords: Chromosome image, karyotyping, image capture and piecing together, image segmentation & cutting, feature extraction, pattern recognition, approximate geometry classification 1. INTRODUCTION It's well known that it's DNA who carries nearly all the genetic information of human being, and as carriers of it,chromosomes are also very crucial to human. When a cell division happens, the whole pair of chromosomes will becopied into a new cell, which means the genetic information ofthe old cell is copied into the new one. By this way, thecharacteristics ofhuman could be represented by all the cells ofhim and part ofthem will be copied to and inherited byhis children. Chromosomes really play a key role in the vital activities. If some error takes place in the copy process ofchromosomes, if the chromosomes are caught in some error, many diseases will be aroused, because the geneticinformation of human maybe has been missing or changed. So by detecting the status of chromosomes, we can get more


At the maturity of short-term bond,the payment of the short-term debt may cause a jump in the company's assets,so the pricing of the long-term bond needs to be divided into periods.By stochastic analysis and structure approach,the probability of no default before the short-term bond maturity and the conditional distribution of the company's assets was obtained,and the pricing formula for both the short-and long-term bond were derived too.Finally,an analysis was made of the financial meanings on the basis of the numerical results.


Lung disease can be diagnosed with the image-based medical devices, including radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The devices are very expensive and have negative effects. An alternative device is electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The advantages of EIT arelow cost, fast, real-time, and free radiation, so it is very appropriate to be used as a monitoring device. The relative reconstruction method has succeeded in producing functional images of lung anomalies by simulation. In this study, the relative reconstruction method was used to obtain functional images of four lungs conditions, namely a healthy person, patient with left lung tumor with organized left pleural effusion, one with pulmonary tuberculosis with right pneumothorax and one with pulmonary tuberculosis with left pleural effusion. The relative reconstruction method can be used to obtain functional images of an individual's lung conditions by using expiratory-respiratory potential data with results that can distinguish between the lungs of a healthy person and a diseased patient, but the position of the lung disease may have less details. The potential data from comparison between the data of a patient and a healthy person can be used as a reference to obtain more accurate functional image information of lung disease.


The impart of climate change is felt worldwide, but the effects are more devastating in countries where flooding or drought has occurred. In the Nigerian context, the impact of climate change is felt majorly in terms of rainfall and temperature. It is on the basis of their variations that the analytical study of their trend is carried out in some catchment States of Nigeria using the Benin- Owena River Basin as case study. Climatic data of rainfall and temperature for 35years were collected and subjected to Cumulative Summation (CU-SUM) and the rank-sum tests. The trend analysis shows that as temperature increases there is a corresponding increase in rainfall. The trend also indicates that no significant departure of these climatic parameters occurred. The least square regression (r 2 ) and the trend as generated from the Microsoft Excel computations show that the temperature variation ranges from 0.4% in Delta to 3.5% in Edo, an indication that the temperature conditions in states understudy are not uniform even though the trend shows an increase. The rainfall least square regression variation ranges between 0.2% in Zaria and 2.7% in Plateau states, implying that the rainfall is varying in an upward trend. Keywords: Analytical study, Climatic variation, Temperature and Rainfall.


The general solutions of the first, second, third, and fourth kinds to the wave equation in homogeneous anisotropic media are expressed by integrals over a finite range. The convergence of the series solution of wave functions in homogeneous anisotropic media [Phys. Rev. E 47, 664 (1993)] is discussed. The use of the wave functions in anisotropic media is demonstrated. The theory is expounded via an illustrative example of a two-dimensional scalar case. The analytical solution of plane-wave scattering by a conducting circular cylinder coated with anisotropic materials is formulated in terms of the series of wave functions for anisotropic media. Numerical results show that the solution in terms of wave functions of various kinds in anisotropic media gives essentially the same radar cross sections as obtained by Beker, Umashankar, and Taflove [Electromagnetics 10, 387 (1990)] using a different approach. Numerical results in the resonance region are presented for reference purposes. The analysis of this paper can be easily generalized to vector and tensor wave functions in homogeneous anisotropic media.


The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness implementation regulation of the chief of Indonesian national police 11 of 2010 regarding the handling of bomb disposal and to find out what factors influenced bomb disposal procedures in Gorontalo Province. The type of research used in this research is empirical normative legal research. The type of research used is empirical normative legal research. Normative law research uses normative legal case studies in the form of legal products, for example reviewing draft laws. The subject of the research is the law which is conceptualized as a norm or rule that applies in society and becomes a reference for everyone. Empirical legal research is research that uses empirical legal case studies in the form of community behavior. The results of the research obtained are that regulation of the chief of Indonesian national police  number 11 of 2010 concerning the handling of bomb disposal in Gorontalo Province has not been effective because it was found that there are still several aspects that are not following the provisions in regulation of the chief of Indonesian national police, for example, related to personnel standardization, individual equipment is not adequate, Some of the new unit equipment are complete and some are damaged, then spare parts are not ,available as well as administrative processes that are often ignored and the factors that affect the bomb disposal procedure in Gorontalo province, namely inadequate facilities and infrastructure, incomplete personnel / human resources, insufficient budget and no insurance for each Jibom personnel.


In this money world the stock market plays a major role in a person's life. Gain or loss in financial terms will determine the people's earnings of essential money in their way of life. The ability to predict stock values is incredibly useful and difficult task done among the people. There are many brokerages assigned to this stuff to the particular peoples to buy or sell the shares of a business. In this case, we are utilising a deep learning model to predict the particular Share pricing. Here, we suggested using the deep method of learning to predict the price of a property. This lecture will undoubtedly shed light on the forecasting of the equity market price using deep learning concept to predict the equity market price


In this study, we analyzed the crosstalk in mechanomyographic (MMG) signals generated by the extensor digitorum (ED), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscles of the forearm during wrist flexion (WF) and extension (WE) and radial (RD) and ulnar (UD) deviations.


hen this great 19th century scientist made thisstatement, he was emphasizing the impor-tance of the interaction between the microbeand the environment in which the microbe resides onprocesses such as fermentation, silk worm infestation, aswell as the effects of the great fire of 1666 on the eradica-tion of the plague in London. These words seem equallyappropriate today in regard to chronic hepatitis C (HCV)infectionandtwoimportantclinicalissues:progressiontocirrhosis and viral eradication in HCV. The relevant "ter-rain" for HCV appears to be body fat mass and hepaticsteatosis, now recognized as cofactors for both the pres-ence


The effects of temperature and time on koji making were investigated using the rice koji that is used to brew ginjo-shu in Shimane Prefecture . A series 41 time periods was investigated using three kinds of koji (Soe-koji, Naka-koji and Tomekoji) . A change in temperature made no diffence to enzyme activity, but changing the time period produced diffence when compared to the control. The integration of temperature and glucoamylase activity during the proccessing of Shimaishigoto (The 2 nd mixing stage in koji-making) and Dekoji (The last prosess) showed a good correlation . (0.88 correlation coefficient) Therefore, it was proved that glucoamylase activity tends to increase according to the integration temperature of ginjo koji.


Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces serious damage to the skin. Collagen hydrolysate and collagen‐derived peptides have effects on skin function in vivo and in vitro. However, few studies have investigated changes in the epidermal barrier or dermal elasticity caused by UVB. Here, we investigated the loss of epidermal barrier function and skin elasticity induced by UVB irradiation in hairless mice fed collagen hydrolysate.


Six cases of traumatic duodenal injury experienced at the department up to now from April, 1986 were studied. All traumas were caused by a traffic accident. One patient had an injury in the duodenal bulb, four in the descending part, and one in the horizontal part of the duodenum. Of these 6 patients we lost one patient undergoing an injury to the descending part and one patient to the horizontal part of the duodenum because of postoperative bleeding. Five patients were operated on. Our basic guidelines for operative procedures are to apply direct suture for early cases within 6 hours after the injury; and intestinal anastomosis and diverticulization for delayed cases. When the conventional therapeutic guide-lines were employed, postoperative anastomotic leakage and intraperitoneal abscess formation were associated in a high frequency which were demonstrated in the literature. It is assumed that pancreatic drainage may be an efficient prophyractic strategy for the anastomotic leakage. In order to avoid reoperation, intraoperative indwelling of a drain for probable occurrence of postoperative intraperitoneal abscess in a high rate may be needed.


In the article by Shevchenko and A. S. Rukin, Pis'ma v Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 90, 46 (2009), it has been found that quantized vortices in superfluid systems acquire a charge in a magnetic field. A compensating charge with the opposite sign on a surface of the system can be at a macroscopic distance apart from the charge of the vortex. It is shown that as a result the total energy of the vortex charge and the compensating charge can be negative in the presence of an inhomogeneous electric field, normal to a homogeneous magnetic field. The conditions under which this leads to the spontaneous emergence of quantized vortices in the system are found. A possibility to observe the effect in He II, Bose gases of alkali metals and systems with spatially indirect excitons is discussed.


The combination of wind with radiant solar energy for drying fruits and vegetables can help promote conservation of food and nonrenewable energy resources. Low-cost, small-scale solar dryers have been developed with the potential for developing larger dryers. These dryers depend on natural air convection to remove moisture. Designing the dryers to incorporate natural wind currents, providing forced air circulation, could increase drying rates. Preliminary studies to provide information for such designs included: (1) comparing drying tests with and without forced air circulation, (2) monitoring wind speeds on-site, and (3) testing wind collecting devices. Average wind speeds during solar periods were higher than air velocities from unassisted air convection in these small food dryers. Drying rates were increased by 6 to 11% when the natural convection dryer was provided with a small electric fan. Either of two wind collecting devices also could increase drying rates.


EuBIS, the European blood inspection system, is a collaborative effort of 27 representatives from 19 Member States (MS), including governmental institutions, blood establishments and competent authorities. EuBIS has been initiated by co‐funding through the Public Health Programme (Directorate General Sanco) of the European Commission bringing together regulators (competent authorities) and manufacturers (blood establishments) to jointly develop criteria and standards aimed to assist:


Organoseleniuni compounds have received considerable attention as useful reagents and intermediates in organic synthesis.' A number of methods have been introduced to prepare organoselenium derivatives.? However, relatively few studies on the synthesis of heterocycles containing sclenium have been reported.' Low-valent titanium reagent has been widely used in organic synthesis.' It was reported that nitro group and sulfur-sulfur, selenium-selenium and tellurium-tellurium bonds could be reduced or cleaved by low-valent titanium reagent.' Recently we reported that low-valent titanium reagent derived from a Sm/TiCI, system could induce simultaneous reduction of nitro group and S-S bond in bis(o-nitropheny1)disulfides to give heterocycles containing nitrogen and sulfur." Compared with S-S bond, Se-Se bond is easier to reduce by the Sm/TiCI, system.i In order to extend the application of Sm/TiCl,, we investigated if the Sm/TiCI, system could induce simultaneous reduction of nitro group and Se-Se bond in bis(o-nitropheny1)diselenides. When his(o-nitropheny1)diselenides 1 were treated wilh the Sm/TiCI, system in anhydrous THF at room temperaturc, the deep dark color of the solution gradually turned into brownish red within half an hour. This change in color indicated that the nitro group had been reduced and the SeSe bond had been reductively cleaved simultaneously by SmlTiC1, to the active intermediates 2. Although a detailed mechanism of this reaction has not been clarified, we consider that the intermediates 2 are "living" double-anion species (nitride anions and selenide anions) generated in .sitci.5 These new anion species reacted readily with w-bronioketones to afford the desired 2HI .I-benzoselenazines 3 in moderate to high yields (Tcrble I).


The traditional basketball teaching can no longer meet the requirements of the trend. Researches show that the rapid - result teaching method which provides combined practice can impove the teaching efficiency and has more advantages than the tradittional one because it can help the students to grasp the necessary skills within limited time.


Despite many that resist change, change in the advertising industry is essential to advertising's growth and wellbeing. Economic 'ebb and flow' creates balance between abundance of opportunity and cleansing the media landscape.


Making good predictions about the outcome of one's actions would seem to be essential in the context of social interaction and decision-making. This paper proposes a computational model for learning articulated motion patterns for action recognition, which mimics biological-inspired visual perception processing of human brain. Developed model of cortical architecture for the unsupervised learning of motion sequence, builds upon neurophysiological knowledge about the cortical sites such as IT, MT, STS and specific neuronal representation which contribute to articulated motion perception. Experiments show how the model automatically selects significant motion patterns as well as meaningful static snapshot categories from continuous video input. Such key poses correspond to articulated postures which are utilized in probing the trained network to impose implied motion perception from static views. We also present how sequence selective representations are learned in STS by fusing snapshot and motion input and how learned feedback connections enable making predictions about future input sequence. Network simulations demonstrate the computational capacity of the proposed model for motion recognition. ☞ keyword : Action sequence detection, Categorical action classification, Bio-inspired Action perception, Unsupervised learning


The localized feature of electronic states is often related to some interesting electronic properties in graphite‐like materials. We use the first principles calculations to investigate two important localized states, that is, flat‐band states and border states, in zigzag AlN nanoribbons (zAlNNRs). Our results indicate that both localized states can exist in zAlNNRs and the border states have a close relationship with electrical conductivity. It is found that the flat‐band states of perfect zAlNNRs result from edge N‐pz orbitals, while the border states of doped zAlNNRs are due to π/π* orbitals of C and Al/N atoms. These findings enrich our understanding on localized states in zAlNNRs, showing a potential application in functional nanodevices.


An experiment was carried out in the net house at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during the season, 2011 to evaluate the seed germination and seedling growth of tomatoes as affected by different organic fertilizers. There were five treatments viz. trichocompost, vermicompost, kitchen waste compost, cowdung based bioslurry and control (soil). Treatments significantly influenced the germination and seedling growth. The results showed germination percentage and co-efficient of germination were significantly higher in trichocompost which was identical with vermicompost and cowdung based bioslurry but different from kitchen waste compost and control, Similarly the seedling growth characters like root length, shoot length, number of leaves, number of roots, fresh and dry weight of 10 seedlings and effectiveness against damping off disease were significantly highest in the treatment media of trichocompost which reflected on higher vigour index in the same treatment. However, there was no significant variation among the treatments in respect of root and shoot length ratio. The results suggest that trichocmpost and vermicompost are suitable for raising healthy seedlings in organic tomato production.


The USC steam turbine manufactured by Shanghai Electric Power Generation Equipment Co.,Ltd.,featured as reliable and advanced technology,is presented,which demonstrates the characteristics with safety and reliability,high efficiency,simple structure,flexible operation and easy maintenance etc..The technology mentioned above can provide valuable experience for further improvement of larger capacity steam turbines.


The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMES) have always been considered as growth engine of the Indian economy. MSMES are well known for its lower investment and technology requirement. After agriculture, this sector holds second position in generating employment opportunities in Indian economy. MSMES also enhance industrialisation in rural and backward area thereby reduce regional imbalances and assure equitable distribution of national income and wealth. Despite its contribution and significance in the Indian Economy, the MSME sector has been facing various hurdles since long. After the liberalisation and globalisation in India since 1991, this sector is facing keen competition from domestic organisationsas well as from the MNCS because of the improved technology in the market. This present paper deals with growth and development of MSMES in India and also highlight the problem and prospects of MSMES in India.


Three kinds of feedthrough assignment algorithm are suggested for CMOS logic cell layout, and their solutions and processing times are compared. One is based on the idea that the feedthrough requirement with fewest feedthrough candidates is first assigned. The second is an optimum algorithm that solves the problem by formalizing it as an integer programming problem. The third is a combination of the two, in which the first algorithm is applied until all of the uniquely determined feedthroughs are assigned, and then the second one is applied. The second and third algorithms attain the optimum solution, but the first one does- not. The deviation of the first algorithm from the optimum solution is shown to be within 3.5% of the optimum. and the cell area increases less than 3.5%. The processing times of the first and third algorithms are 1/27.5 and 1/3.0, respectively, on average, of that of the optimum one. Thus it is concluded that the first algorithm, although not optimum, is practical, and may well be incorporated into the feedthrough assignment process. >


The Bohr--Einstein debate is one of the more remarkable protracted intellectual exchanges in the history of physics. Its influence has been lasting: One of the few clear patterns in a 2013 survey about quantum foundations was that the physicists who believed Bohr to be correct were apt to say that Einstein had been wrong. The exchanges began when Bohr and Einstein first met in 1920, continued at the Solvay conferences of the following decade, reached a dramatic crescendo with the EPR paradox in 1935, and continued thereafter. Not every episode in this long story has been investigated equally. In particular, one late statement attributed to Bohr has received much more intense examination than Einstein's equally pithy reply.


The problem of goal-oriented navigation of an autonomous robot vehicle through a partially modeled unchanging environment which contains no unmodeled obstacles is discussed. This simplified environment provides a foundation for research in more complicated domains. Perception, planning, and execution of actions are integrated into a reactive system which reasons about landmarks that should be perceived at various stages of task execution. Perceptual servoing uses correspondences between image features and expected landmark locations to ensure proper plan execution and to maintain the relationship between the system's internal model and the environment. This system is described, and experimental results which demonstrate the efficacy of perceptual servoing are presented.<<ETX>>


The influences of the polymerisation condition on both, production and properties of electrochemically synthesised polypyrrole film in presence of poly(maleic acid-co-olefin) were studied. Polymerisation variables as polymerisation potentials, polarisation times, concentration of pyrrole and concentration of poly(maleic acid-co-olefin) were followed by their influence on both, productivity of the polymerisation charge and the ability to store charge in every electrogenerated film.


Public Health Reports / May–June 2005 / Volume 120 353 The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released the first data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth in reports documenting patterns of contraceptive use and teen sexual activity. The 28th edition of the annual report card on the nation's health, Health, United States, 2004, shows that almost half of all Americans use one or more prescription drugs. A new study examines the relationship between marital status and health.


The effect of replacing cement with high-calcium fly ash (HCFA), represented by 4 fractions (Fr1–Fr4) from 4 electrostatic precipitators of the ash collectors at the Krasnoyarsk TPP-2, on the properties of cementing slurry was studied. The parameters of flowability, thickening, and compressive strength of specimens containing Fr1–Fr4 fractions from 100 to 20% were determined. Optimal compositions of cement slurries containing Fr3 fraction from 20, 30 to 40% were proposed.


Based on the investigation and analysis of the change of consumption structure,structural system restraint,overproduction and market competitive characteristics during the grain purchase and sale stages,it is discovered that apart from the 1998 grain circulation system,the market mechanism has played an adjusting role quietly.From the analysis by making the supervision game model,at the same time,it is found that the supervision cost for maintaining the current grain circulation system is not only extremely high but inefficient as well.It is then considered that,on the one hand,when the market-orientation degree of a society has reached a certain level,the market-based system formed by the entire economic system will restrain the non-market-oriented behavior of the non-market-oriented departments;on the other hand,when the cost to maintain the non-market-oriented behavior is extremely high,the non-market-oriented departments will choose the market-oriented behavior voluntarily.


This review of the Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) emphasizes electrodiagnosis and includes a case report. A 50‐year‐old woman had become progressively weaker over 1.5 years. The suspected diagnosis was confirmed by the clinical electrophysiological findings and was made 6 months before the patient's oat‐cell carcinoma was found. After treating with local radiation and chemotherapy, the myasthenic syndrome went into remission as the pulmonary lesion resolved.


This work introduces a conformal finite difference time domain method to accurately and efficiently study photonic crystal (PC) devices such as PC cavities and waveguides. An absorption boundary known as a perfectly matched layer (PML) has been implemented and tested. The results show that the PML can work very well with PC structure simulations. These capabilities will facilitate the simulation and design of PC based systems.


This research was conducted at MTs Negeri 4 Merangin, this research was motivated by the problem of empowering Al-Qur'an Hadith teachers towards the acceleration of memorizing short letters of Madrasah Tsanawiyah 4 Merangin students who were less than optimal. The research approach is a qualitative approach with the research subject of Al-Qur'an Hadith teachers and students. The research location is Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 4 Merangin. Collecting data using observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. Based on the results of field research, several research conclusions were obtained as follows: The process of empowering teachers in the field of Al-Qur'an Hadith studies has been carried out, but in practice they still face many problems including the lack of textbooks, lack of student appreciation of memorization, and lack of time in providing teaching material.


The article is devoted to a scientific generalization of social responsibility areas of hospitality industry in order to highlight the strategic priorities of its further development in the process of European integration and post-war recovery. Research methods: retrospective analysis, theoretical generalization, classification, grouping. It was determined that the modern consumer actively broadcasts his demand for environmental friendliness, a healthy and conscious lifestyle, while not neglecting the requirement of high service quality. Without the process of institutionalizing social responsibility, it is quite difficult for businesses to respond to these requests.
4 stages of social responsibility development of hospitality industry were summarized, namely: pre-institutional stage (internal social responsibility directed mainly at employees; charity), stakeholder stage (taking into account the interests of both internal and external stakeholders at all stages of the product cycle), sustainable development stage (includes three directions: environmental friendliness, accessibility, quality assurance in compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals), the stage of activity in war conditions (includes three directions: volunteering, isolation and boycott of the russian federation, countering violence and harassment). Each of these four stages does not lose its relevance, because the service sector is diverse and connected with all other sectors of the national economy. It was determined that the main content of the social responsibility of hospitality industry in Ukraine is the provision of quality services in compliance with ecological and ethical aspects when interacting with both internal and external stakeholders. Understanding what was and is important for the Ukrainian service sector in the field of CSR provides an opportunity for harmonious integration into the European and international business space, the spread and observance of the principles of ethics, accessibility, and environmental friendliness in the post-war recovery of the country's economy.


The linear Reissner–Mindlin membrane-bending plate model is the rigourous Γ-limit for zero thickness of a linear isotropic Cosserat bulk model with symmetric curvature. For this result we use the natural nonlinear scaling for the displacements u and the linear scaling for the infinitesimal microrotations Ā ∈ 𝔰𝔬(3). We also provide formal calculations for other combinations of scalings by retrieving other plate models previously proposed in the literature by formal asymptotic methods as corresponding Γ-limits. No boundary conditions on the microrotations are prescribed.


Recursive neural networks (RNNs) and graph neural networks (GNNs) are two connectionist models that can directly process graphs. RNNs and GNNs exploit a similar processing framework, but they can be applied to different input domains. RNNs require the input graphs to be directed and acyclic, whereas GNNs can process any kind of graphs. The aim of this paper consists in understanding whether such a difference affects the behaviour of the models on a real application. An experimental comparison on an image classification problem is presented, showing that GNNs outperforms RNNs. Moreover the main differences between the models are also discussed w.r.t. their input domains, their approximation capabilities and their learning algorithms.


Ab-initio MP2/aug'-cc-pVTZ calculations have been performed to determine the structures and binding energies of proton-bound complexes stabilized by N−H+−P hydrogen bonds and to investigate the nature of the proton-transfer coordinate in these systems. Double minima are found only when the difference between the protonation energies of the N and P bases is less than about 4 kcal/mol. The isomer in which the protonated nitrogen base is the donor lies lower on the potential surface and also has a greater binding energy relative to the corresponding isolated monomers. Equation-of-motion coupled cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) calculations have been employed to obtain one- and two-bond spin−spin coupling constants across these hydrogen bonds. Two-bond coupling constants 2hJ(N−P) correlate with N−P distances, irrespective of whether the donor ion is N−H+ or P−H+. One-bond coupling constants 1J(N−H) and 1hJ(H−P) for complexes stabilized by N−H+···P hydrogen bonds correlate with corresponding distances, b...


In this paper, it is demonstrated that there is a parallelism between the relational interpretation of Rovelli and the interpretation of soft matter based on intermediate asymptotics. The general interpretation of physics strongly assumes the duality of the observer and the world, and the uniqueness of the world though the relational interpretation suggested different conclusions: {\ it no properties, no interaction}, and {\ it facts are relative}. These conclusions are seemingly counterintuitive, though this work shows that similar conclusions are found in the interpretation of soft matter based on the concept of intermediate asymptotics. The interpretation of soft matter based on intermediate asymptotics also concludes that the properties are not determined without the scale. This is due to the conclusion of intermediate asymptotics that any formalization and its interpretation are localized by the scale. It is demonstrated that the similarity between the two interpretations originated from its monism of relations. This logical structure is also compared with the works in other disciplines. This work reports the insight that the relational interpretation can be a general and fundamental concept, not the one applicable to special cases.


The transition to college can be stressful for young adults. Researchers have investigated factors related to students' mental health as they adjust to college life. The current study examined the relative contributions of measures of self-reliance and parent relations to the prediction of anxiety and depression in college students. A sample of 153 college students enrolled in introductory psychology courses at a southeastern university completed the self-reliance and parent relations scales of the BASC-2 SRP-COL, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Hamilton Depression Inventory (HDI). Multiple regression analyses indicated that self-reliance and parent relations were significant predictors of anxiety and depression with self-reliance scores making a greater contribution to the prediction of each of the outcome variables.


Weed survey was conducted by sampling methods of inverted W-pattern to determine the species composition and structure of weed communities in broomcorn millet fields in northern regions of Shaanxi province.The results showed that 42weed species(including varieties)belonging to 13 families and 38genera were found.Among them,5species were considered as dominant weeds,6species were regional dominant weeds,11common weed species and 20normal weed species.The overall abundance of Setaria viridis,Chenopodium album,Sonchus brachyotus,Euphorbia kansui and Artemisia capillaris were relatively high and were the main components of weed communities in all broomcorn millet fields in Shaanxi.Weed community is mainly consisted of Setariaviridis + Sonchus brachyotus+ Artemisia capillaris +Euphorbia kansui in Zhidan region,Euphorbia kansui+Setaria viridis+ Sonchus brachyotus in Ansai region,Sonchus brachyotus+ Eragrostis pilosa+ Setaria viridis + Euphorbia kansui in Dingbian region,Euphorbia kansui+Chenopodium album +Sonchus brachyotus+Setaria viridis + Amaranthus retroflexus in Fugu region,and Sonchus brachyotus+Euphorbia kansui+ Portulaca oleracea+Setaria viridis in Shenmu region.The species richness,diversity and evenness of weed community in broomcorn millet fields in Shenmu and Dinbian region were higher than that of other regions.Based on the Sorensen's similarity index,the structure of weed community in Zhidan region was similar to that of Ansai region.The difference of weed occurrence and community structure might result from the geographical location,climatic condition and weed management practices.


IA CHILD growing up in East Germany receives his view of history largely from a mandatory course taken during the final six years (ages eleven to sixteen) of his attendance in free compulsory polytechnical schools operated by the state. Instructor's manuals and textbooks for this course of study have been carefully prepared by a collective of historians working under the supervision of the ministry of education and other government bodies. During a recent conference which I attended in Weimar, I was able to obtain a full set of these materials and talk with educators of the German Democratic Republic. I will analyze these manuals and textbooks, but before doing so I believe some general observations are in order. It will come as a surprise to no one to be told that careful selection of materials and control of interpretations and ideology in history instruction are considered of great importance to the German Democratic Republic. In the Marxist-Leninist purview, history serves "not only as a guide to social analysis and in the development


Carotenoids can be effective singlet oxygen quenchers and inhibit free-radical induced lipid peroxidation. A remarkable property of β-carotene (1a) is the change from an antioxidant to a prooxidant depending on oxygen pressure and concentration. In the present study a considerable number of carotenoids (1a, 2c, 2d, 2e, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, 8h, 8i, 8j, 9f, 10a, 11a, 12g) was investigated using two independent approaches: 1. Comparison of their effects on inhibition of the free-radical oxidation of methyl linoleate, and 2. The direct study of the effect of oxygen partial pressure upon their rates of oxidation. It is shown that some carotenoids (7a, 8a) are even more effective than the well-known compounds β-carotene (1a) and astaxanthin (5a) and are powerful antioxidants without any prooxidative property. Different carotenoids display different behaviour depending on chain length and end groups. The influence of these functional groups on the antioxidative reactivity is discussed.


PUNCH IN ASCENT. IT CONTAINS A 12 BASE THAT DOOR COLUMN SUPPORT 14 ON ONE SIDE OF WHICH IS MOUNTED SLIDING MECHANISM 16 DRIVE ROTATING ROD DRILLING OF JACKS PUSHING 18 IS FITTED BETWEEN THE BASE AND DRIVE MECHANISM FOR APPLYING A FORCE AXIAL DRILLING ROD. A 24 CHASSIS SUPPORT IS CONNECTED TO THE COLUMN SUPPORT OPPOSE THE SIDE OF THE MECHANISM AND TRAINING BASE INCLUDES 30 SKATES ON SUPPORT LOCATED GROUND EVEN SIDE. BASE COMPRISES AN EXTENSION THAT EXTENDS TO THE OTHER SIDE OF THE DOOR AND DRILLING ROD END BEFORE ITS SUPPORT OF SKATES ON THE FLOOR PORTABLE 40 WHO PROVIDE AN ADDITIONAL SUPPORT DURING THE BORE HOLE IN ASCENT AND MAY BE REMOVED BY THE END OF THE OPERATION OF BORING FOR PERMIT TO TERMINATE THE HOLE WITH THE MACHINE. APPLICATION TO MINE MACHINE.


There are some shortcomings in the common power spectrum models of ground motion and in the corresponding synthesis of artificial ground motion,such as the irrationality of the measurement of the size of the power spectrum,the conversion to the power spectrum when leading into the time-domain envelope,and the ignorance of fluctuating ingredient in power spectrum or of random noise part in autocorrelation function.This article elaborated the rationality that the sum of squares should be taken as the measurement of the size of power spectrum.The article discussed that the sum of squares had explicit physics significance,and was the total energy parameter of random stationary signal.A more accurate mathematical model was developed in order to simulate the random fluctuating ingredient of target power spectrum,or the stochastic noise part of corresponding target autocorrelation function,and proposed the non-stationary ground motion's mathematical model,which was based on power spectrum and included three main controlling physical statistics: the normalized power spectrum containing random fluctuating ingredient,the sum of squares and the time-domain envelope function.Using the synthesis method of ground motion developed by the article,the total energy of artificial ground motion accords with the target sum of squares exactly,the frequent characteristics of the artificial ground motion are in accordance with the normalized target power spectrum accurately,and the wave-shape of the artifical ground motion in time domain accords with the target envelope function approximately.Studies show that the sum of squares,the normalized power spectrum,and the time-domain envelope function are three essential physical statistics of ground motion based on power spectrum model.


In an attempt to fill up the gap between the shortest ultra-violet light waves hitherto produced and the longest X-ray waves known, Hughes recently made a study of the characteristic X-rays emitted by carbon and by boron when bombarded by electrons. In this investigation the energy of the bombarding electrons was increased by steps, and the critical values were determined that were necessary and just sufficient to cause the bombarded element to emit its characteristic radiations with measurable intensities. These characteristic radiations were detected, and their intensities measured, by their photo-electric action on an insulated electrode of nickel or of silver. The method followed by Hughes in recording his results was to plot curves with the values of the accelerating potentials of the electrons as abscissae and the measures of the photo-electric effect divided by the corresponding electronic currents as ordinates. At certain critical accelerating voltages it was found that these curves showed marked and abrupt kinks or changes of curvature, and these changes were taken to connote the beginning of the emission by the bombarded element of its characteristic radiations.


The article generalises methods of determination of expenses used for production of products. It improves methods of measuring the cash flow at the level of a company and its structural subdivisions, which take into account specific features of main fixed assets and circulating assets. This gives an opportunity to calculate a standard net cash flow and cash flow in cumulative and accumulated form. It offers methods of calculation of ratios of the use of expenses. They are built on the basis of correlation of the volume of costs to the volume of sold products. Calculation of these indicators would allow development of analysis of economic activity of companies.


Aim: The implants exhibiting lack of keratinized mucosa (KM) may be more prone to the early stage of peri-implant infection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate topical ozone therapy on free gingival graft (FGG) healing in terms of augmenting KM around the implants during 6-month follow-up. Material and methods: Thirty patients (16 women and 14 men) with inadequate KM around their implants were randomly allocated to either the ozone group (FGG + Ozone therapy) or the control group (FGG alone). The width and thickness of KM, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), mucosal recession (MR) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months. During 14 days postoperatively, patient's pain perception was analyzed by using a visual analog scale analog scale (VAS). At 14 days, quality of life was also assessed via the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Results: No significant differences were found between ozone and control groups with respect to KM dimensions at any study follow-up periods (p>0.05). Ozone group provided significantly higher CAL and MR values at 6 months compared to baseline values. Moreover, ozone group exhibited significantly lower GI values compared to the control group at 6 months (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups for postoperative VAS values and total OHIP-14 scores (p>0.05). Conclusion: Adjunctive ozone therapy did not provide any beneficial impact on the dimension of obtained KM around the implants at 6 months. However, ozone therapy may give rise to less mucosal inflammation around the implants compared to spontaneous healing.


The tree shadows can badly influence the extraction of tree species and canopy density in quick bird images in the Greater Xing'an Mountains,Inner Mongolia. It's necessary to enhance the images and eliminate the shadow. In this paper,the images have been enhanced by use of histogram equalization,Gamma correction,homomorphic filtering and Retinex enhancement,and the objective indexes of mean value,standard deviation,information entropy,average gradient and edge strength have been evaluated after treating the images.


More than a quarter of patients have no drug treatment prescribed for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the first year of diagnosis despite having symptoms and poor lung function, an analysis of UK general practice data has shown.1

Guidelines for COPD management are generally based on evidence from clinical trials carried out in secondary care, but most patients are managed in primary care. Researchers wanted to know how GPs' prescribing for patients with COPD compares with guideline recommendations and how this has changed over time.

The research group analysed data on 20 154 patients with …


Borrowing the concept of story grammar from reading comprehension literature, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of teaching word problem (WP) story grammar on arithmetic WP solving that emphasizes the algebraic expression of mathematical relations in conceptual models. Participants were five students in Grades 4 and 5 with or at risk for mathematics disabilities in two urban public elementary schools in the Midwest. An adapted multiple-probe-across-participants design was used to assess the functional relation between the intervention and students' problem-solving performance. The results indicated that conceptual model—based representation prompted by WP story grammar improved students' performance on arithmetic WP solving and promoted prealgebra concept and skill acquisition. The practical implications of integrating algebraic reasoning in elementary mathematics are discussed.


Activities on social network site can be classified into two main types: active use and passive use. Previous studies revealed that active use of social network site, such as self-presentation and self-disclosure, could enhance social capital, self-esteem and life satisfaction, as well as reduce loneliness. On the contrary, passive use of social network site could exert adverse effects on emotional well-being and life satisfaction, and might lead to depression. However, little is known about the effect of passive use of social network site on self-concept, in particular, effects on self-esteem and self-concept clarity. Passive use of social network site exposes individuals to a lot of positive information of others, which may result in upward social comparison. Upward social comparison in turn negatively impacts individuals' self-esteem and self-concept clarity. But individuals are not equally influenced by upward social comparison. Optimism, as an important personality trait, may impact the way individuals process information of upward social comparison and thus alleviates the negative effects of upward social comparison. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the mediating roles of upward social comparison in the effects of passive use of social network site on self-esteem and self-concept clarity. The study would also test whether the mediating effects of upward social comparison would be moderated by optimism. comparison on social network site, self-esteem, self-concept clarity and optimism. All the measures showed good reliability and validity in the present study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and SPSS macro PROCESS which was specifically developed for assessing the complex models including both mediators and moderators with the bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap method. The results were as followings: (1) After controlling for gender, grade and mean time of social network site use per day, passive use of social network site had no significant direct effect on self-esteem. But it could negatively predict self-esteem through the mediation of upward social comparison. (2) Passive use of social network site had significant effect on self-concept clarity, and could also negatively predict self-concept clarity through upward social comparison. (3) The mediating effects of upward social comparison in the association between passive use of social network site and self-esteem and between passive use of social network site and self-concept clarity were both moderated by optimism. The indirect effects were stronger for individuals with a low level of optimism. (4) For individuals with a high level of optimism, the direct effect of upward social comparison on self-esteem and the mediating effect of upward social comparison in the association between passive use of social network site and self-esteem were not statistically significant. But the direct effect of upward social comparison on self-concept clarity and the mediating effect of upward social comparison in the association between passive use of social network site and self-concept clarity were both significant. The present study highlights the mediating effect of upward social comparison and the moderating effect of optimism in the effect of passive use of social network site on self-esteem and self-concept clarity. It may contribute to a better understanding of the effects, mechanisms, and the conditions of passive use of social network site on self-esteem and self-concept clarity.


In this notebook, we summarize our work process of preparing a software for the PAN 2020 Profiling Fake News Spreaders on Twitter task. Our final software was a stacking ensemble classifier of five different machine learning models; four of them use word n-grams as features, while the fifth one was based on statistical features extracted from the Twitter feeds. Our software uploaded to the TIRA platform achieved an accuracy of 75% in English and 80.5% in Spanish. Our overall accuracy of 77.75% turned out to be a tie for the first place in the competition.


The article analyzes the system of maintenance and repair of automotive equipment based on the experience of conducting combat operations, and further ways of improving this system are determined.
Taking into account the development trends of the armed struggle, the military and political situation in the world, the Ukrainian people should be confident in the combat capability of their Armed Forces (hereinafter - the Armed Forces). Based on this, the leadership of the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine pay important attention to the technical condition of weapons and military equipment (hereinafter referred to as military equipment) (including automotive equipment).
During the operation of the car, its functional properties gradually deteriorate due to activation, damage to parts, corrosion, fatigue of the material from which it is made, and so on. Various malfunctions (defects) occur that significantly reduce the efficiency of car operation.
Considering the fact that the vast majority of existing models of automotive equipment are in operation for more than 18-25 years (while most of the time is in storage), the importance of the effective functioning of the maintenance and repair system (hereinafter referred to as M&R) to maintain a given level of their combat capability is increasing.
In modern conditions, timely and high-quality maintenance and repair of weapons and military equipment has become an important influencing factor of the combat capability of troops (forces), because it is a process that results in the combat potential of units, units and formations of the Ground Forces being maintained at a given level during long time [2, p. 161].
Keywords: system of technical maintenance and repair, automotive equipment, repair and restoration bodies, system of auto technical support.


Two high resolution compressive schemes, CICSAM(Ubbink, 1997) and HRIC(Muzaferija & Peric, 1999), in interface capturing method are reviewed briefly with respect to the extended forms suitable for unstructured meshes. And then those are applied to three typical test cases of translation test, shearing flow test and collapsing water problem with an obstacle. It is accomplished by implementing the high resolution schemes in the in-house CFD code(PowerCFD) for computing 3-D flow with an unstructured cell-centered method, which is based on the finite-volume technique and fully conservative. The calculated results show that CICSAM is better than HRIC with respect to accuracy and robustness, although either scheme can be used as a good choice for free surface or two-phase flow simulation.


Graphene oxides (GO) with different degrees of oxidation have been prepared by an in-house designed horizontal high energy planetary ball milling process. The prepared graphene oxides have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). XPS study shows an increasing trend of atomic concentration ratio of O/C with increasing ball milling time duration from 2 to 24 h of high purity graphite sample (FEED). This result is attributed to the formation of more oxidation in the graphite sample, produced due to the increasing time duration of milling. From micro Raman analysis it is also noted that ID/IG ratio increases with increasing milling time of FEED, which further supported the preparation of graphene oxide. In this study the graphene oxide prepared by 16 h of milling may be considered as the optimized sample as far as the degree of oxidation, time and energy consumption factors are concerned.


Step frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used in this study to test novel subsurface highway infrastructure evaluation methods. Test hardware included an antenna array that was used to collect full depth three dimensional pavement data at highway speeds and detailed tomographic imaging data from concrete bridge decks and other facilities at slower speeds. Step frequency GPR technology was also considered for system integration on a multi sensor vehicle platform.


To the Editor: Pirotte and Veyckemans suggest that high levels of unbound bupivacaine may be a possible cause of early postoperative apnea in our report. We completely agree that this cause cannot be excluded and that there is a greatly increased risk of drug toxicity in the newborn period. The pharmacology of regional anaesthetic drugs in neonates is more complex than in adults. Therefore, caution is required when temporally analyzing one factor affecting pharmacokinetics in a complex system. We regret the absence of total and free bupivacaine plasma concentration levels. However, the toxic level of the free unbound form in the neonate is unknown. The interindividual variation is considerable, making difficult the correlation between the free fraction level and any potentially clinical sign of toxicity. Furthermore, the local anesthetic doses used are below the maximum doses recommended.1 Moreover, higher bupivacaine doses ( 3.5 mg/kg) are reportedly used in high-risk infants without any signs of cardiovascular or neurotoxicity.2,3 Apnea was the only symptom recorded in our report. We observed no drowsiness, muscular twitches, or convulsions. Furthermore, no apnea has been recorded after caffeine administration, which is not the appropriate treatment for an overdose of bupivacaine. Our experience in managing those infants leads us to relate the apnea with clonidine as explained in our report. We use the combination of lidocaine and bupivacaine to obtain rapid onset, motor block, and prolonged duration of anesthesia with effective anesthetic and surgical conditions.4,5 A dose of 2 mg/kg bupivacaine caudally does not offer such conditions when used in awake highrisk infants as the sole anesthetic regimen. Anesthetic supplementation is then often required and the benefit of this procedure is probably lost.6 Lastly, inguinal hernia repair in this age group remains a major challenge for the anesthetist, and further studies are required for optimizing anesthesia to these smaller and sicker infants.


Reverse auctions with multiple attributes have been extensively applied for centralized purchasing of large enterprises and governments. This paper focuses on the bid evaluation behaviors of referee experts and employs an evolutionary game approach to improve the fairness and reliability of bid evaluation. First, the bid evaluation process and existing problems in the mechanism are described. Second, a static game model is constructed to analyze the conditions that are necessary for achieving a long-term cooperative equilibrium between business and technical groups. Third, some evolutionary paths and factors influencing bid evaluation behaviors are analyzed, and then a simulation system is developed based on the evolution process and run several times on a MATLAB GUI platform. The simulation results explicitly make a wider gamut of decision-making parameters as well as start-up variants on initial conditions that determine further evolution. The methods and results presented in this paper can provide decision support for administrative departments in the bid evaluations of centralized purchasing. Those bodies can then choose from the best existing management policies to guide the referee experts' behaviors into the desired channels and toward optimal outcomes. A more judicious bidding evaluations process may result.


This paper analyzes clinical value of capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin in the treatment of advanced colon cancer based on pathological changes. The efficacy of the two groups was evaluated using the solid tumor efficacy evaluation standard (RECIST) 1.0; the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the oncogene ras product P21 protein (rasP21) and proto-oncogene (c -fos) protein and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels; the WHOQol-BREF life scale was used to evaluate the quality of life of the two groups before and after chemotherapy; the two cycles of chemotherapy were recorded and counted in both groups The incidence of headache, nausea, rash, and increased serum creatinine was compared between the two groups for clinical efficacy and impact on quality of life. After 2 cycles of treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was 45.00%, which was higher than the 20.00% in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the levels of rasP21, c-fos and IL-6 in the observation group Compared with the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the physical health, psychological state, social relationship, surrounding environment, and independence ability score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05); The incidence of headache, nausea, rash, and serum creatinine rise in the observation group was not significantly different from that in the control group. Based on the evaluation of pathological changes, it can be found that capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin in the treatment of advanced colon cancer can help improve the clinical efficacy and quality of life of patients, can reduce the level of tumor markers, has higher safety, and is worth promoting.


Construction of international sustainable engineering projects in developing communities by student organizations such as Engineers Without Borders involves a minimum of four basic stages: (1) project acquisition based on the communication of the need for the project; (2) travel to the project for site assessment; (3) project design, logistics, and communication of the design with the communities involved; and (4) travel to construct the project. In general, when construction projects are completed locally, there is an ease of communication and travel that shortens all four stages and inevitably the entire process. By comparison, distant locations, language and cultural differences, and exotic politics lengthen these processes, at times creating barriers that prevent the completion of much needed initiatives. An excellent counter to this situation is to utilize a native incountry coordinator who is privy to the local language and dialects, the cultural norms that stupefy outsiders, and is available for site visits to assess progress and answer any design questions the foreign engineers may have. The in-country coordinator predicts the needs of the projects based on his or her background knowledge gained from being native to the area, thus preventing the engineering group from many misunderstandings and perhaps poor design constraints. The fundraising that is required to pay in-country coordinators to ease these processes poses a threat to the ability of student organizations to hire them; however, without their expertise and inherent ability to communicate easily with the community receiving the project, the completed construction and sustainability of the venture is put at risk.


Later Han 後漢 termination in the 220 AD was a result of multiple crises, one aspect of which had been the political bankruptcy of the emperor and his loyalists. A turbulent and war-torn period, which started from the rebellion of the Yellow Turbans in 184 AD, has been a topic of discussion for many years ever since the Jin 晉empire. Although in the last years approaches to studies of the Later Han differ, there are three key historiographical ideas: the final years of the Later Han are discussed as a part of the Later Han, as a part of the Three Kingdoms era 三國 or are included into both periods. This case study is an attempt to show the possibility of a different approach and treat the period of 184–220 AD as a transition between Han and Wei empires, according to information about the local administrative appointments which can be found in the first chapter of San-guo zhi 三國志, being a biography of the most important statesman of this period – Cao Cao 曹操.The accounts, which can be found in his biography, indicate that Cao Cao's appointments did not precisely follow the traditions of the Later Han administrative system, but neither were they in full agreement with the ideas, which were later implemented during the Wei-Jin Nan-beichao period. His conduct was much more pragmatic than that of other Later Han statesmen, but he never ventured as far as his successors did in granting too much power to the local gentry.


It is well known that ultraviolet (UV) B (280-315 nm) and blue light (400-500 nm) radiation can produce phototoxic lesions in the neural retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In the first section of this thesis, bovine lens cells (epithelium and superficial cortical fibre cell) and human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells were used to characterize in vitro changes following oxidative stress with UVB radiation in ocular lens optics and cellular function in terms of mitochondrial dynamics. In the second part, human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells and in vitro bioassays were used together to develop an in vitro approach for UV radiation-induced retinal toxicology research. In the third chapter, the in vitro approach developed above was used with intraocular lens (IOL) materials to evaluate the UV radiation blocking efficiency of commercially available IOL's. Lastly, narrowband blue light irradiation and in vitro assays were used to determine more precisely the wavelengths of blue light responsible for photochemical lesions of the retina as an effort to contribute to future IOL designs. The results from mitochondrial dynamics of lens cells and RPE cells show significant decreases in mitochondrial movement after UVB irradiation in a dose dependent manner. Results obtained from four in vitro assays (Alamar blue assay, confocal microscopy for mitochondrial distribution and nucleic acids damage, phagocytotic activity assay) for evaluating the UVB-induced damage in ARPE-19 show significant decreases in cell viability as well as phagocytotic activity of RPE cells after UVB radiation. In addition, the results show that UV radiation can also induce the degradation of DNA/RNA and mitochondria of RPE cells in a dose dependent manner.


After gaining independence, African states embraced the idea of regional integration as an approach to boost economic development on the continent. This was evident in the new regional organizations that were predominantly generated among developing states in the southern hemisphere. Majority of these organizations, e.g. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Southern African Development Community (SADC), have continuously been striving to deepen social, political and most importantly economic integration and cooperation in Africa. In an attempt to further the regional integration agenda, there have been quite a number of colonial cross-border arrangements with EU. Assessed based on conventional integration theories by scholars like Ernst B. Haas, the prerequisites for effective regional economic integration in Africa, appear to be less successful, juxtaposed with the more developed and economically independent European Union. Although regional organizations like ECOWAS and SADC have managed to establish free trade areas (FTAs), they have failed to attain their agenda of establishing customs unions. Agendas of this kind among other things, are pertinent to consolidating the regional integration process. Even though several issues may be identified as causes of the inefficiency of the integration scheme on the continent, this paper explores the effect of north south trade agreements, in this case the economic partnership agreements (EPAs), on regional integration processes in Africa. 1 Peter Draper, Durrel Halleson, Philips Alves, et al., "SACU, Regional Integration and the Overlap Issue In Southern Africa′′ South African Institute of International Affairs, no.15 (2007): 10, http://sarpn.org/documents/d0002411/SACU_SAIIA_Jan2007.pdf 2 Anatasia Obydenkova et al., Comparative regionalism: Eurasian cooperation and European integration. The case for neofunctionalism, no.2(2011): 90 http://ac.els-cdn.com/S187936651100008X/1-s2.0-S187936651100008Xmain.pdf?_tid=4188a22a-f2b6-11e6-98ff00000aab0f27&acdnat=1487077707_b039d806148b42d1b35cfef7fbdd191b


e14117 Background: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activator-4 immune checkpoint inhibitors (CTLA-4-ICPI) is believed to cause more toxicity than programmed cell death/Ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) ICPIs. We conducted a meta-analysis to outline the gastrointestinal (GI), pancreatic, and hepatic toxicity of CTLA-4 ICPIs when used alone and in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 ICPIs (C-ICPI). Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP were queried from January 2007-October 2018. Clinical trials reporting ICPI associated adverse events (AEs) were included. Colitis was defined as the development of diarrhea or documented colitis of any grade. Pancreatitis was defined as an elevation of amylase or lipase. Hepatitis was defined as elevation of ALT, AST, or transaminitis of any grade. A meta-analysis of proportions was conducted to report pooled AEs rate with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effects model. Results: Overall, 30 study arms (20 CTLA-4, 10 C-ICPI) enrolling 3721 patients were included. There were a total of 3944 and 3317 AEs with CTLA-4 and C-ICPI use, respectively, with a pooled incidence of high grade AEs (grade 3-5; HAEs) of 23% (95% CI 16-33%) with CTLA-4 use and 52% (95% CI 37-67%) with C-ICPI use ( Table). The incidence of high-grade colitis was higher among patients treated with CTLA-4 ICPI. The proportion of high-grade pancreatitis was higher among patient who received C-ICPI. Two GI perforations were reported with CTLA-4 use. Pooled incidence of treatment related mortality was 1% in both groups. Conclusions: Though the overall GI, hepatic and pancreatic safety profile of CTLA-4 is comparable to C-ICPI, a higher incidence of high-grade colitis was found with CTLA-4. Two GI perforations were reported with CTLA-4 and warrant further investigation. No difference in treatment related mortality was found among the two groups. [Table: see text]


Femtocells (aka Home Node B) are low-power wireless access points that operate in licensed spectrum to connect standard mobile devices to a mobile operator's network using residential DSL or cable broadband connections [1]. This device has evolved out of the research that despite of large deployment of Macrocell (BTS/BSC) in high density apartment areas and densely populated urban population, the signal strength and voice quality is a major challenge to achieve. But on the other side of the coin there are potential handoff challenges in the implementation of femtocells because of the limitations in the number of adjacent cell sites and unavailability of adequate neighboring cell information during mobility. This paper focuses on the overview of femtocell technology, its potential implementation challenges, Interference evaluation, traditional handoff technique and the suggestion to adopt Mobile Station (MS) controlled handoff technique that should be adopted in order to successfully handover the control from the Mobile operator cell (Macrocell) to the femtocell and vice versa.


Objective To discuss the influence of result of the different ways of childbirth of cicatricial womb's repeated pregnancy on the mother and baby.MethodsProcess the retrospective analysis on the ways of childbirth,result of the childbirth and the mother and baby complications of 145 cases of repeated pregnancy women with cicatricial womb in our hospital from January to December.ResultsOf the 145 cases,there are 36 cases of vagina delivery and 109 cases of repeated caesarean operation.During thue operation,the average bleeding amount is added,the operation time is prolonged,and the occurance ratio of the abdomen adherence and bleeding amount is higher,so there are significant difference.ConclusionThe repeaed pregnancy with cicatricial womb will not be the absolute indication of the cesarean section.To strictly grasp the operation adaption,and improve the cesarean section operation technique is the key to reduce the complications of repeated cesarean section.Those who satisfy the conditions of test childbirth will be safe in vigina childbirth under strict care.


In this paper, we propose a method to recognize the facial expressions by selecting face elements and finding its status. The face elements are selected by using image area segmentation method and the facial expression is decided by using the normal distribution of the change rate of the face elements. In order to recognize the proper facial expression, we have built database of facial expressions of 90 people and propose a method to decide one of the four expressions (happy, anger, stress, and sad). The proposed method has been simulated and verified by face element detection rate and facial expressions recognition rate.


The use of the PD1 inhibitor nivolumab appeared to be feasible and safe in a small study of patients with untreated, stage I–IIIa non–small-cell lung cancer.


The applied short-term laparoscopic course is an effective format particularly for laparoscopic skills in which suturing and knot tying are essential.