Prior research has examined a variety of reforms aimed at ensuring that jurors have a proper understanding of fingerprint evidence, finding mixed results. The present study, recruiting a large national sample of 1,716 mock jurors, using Qualtrics, examined whether three types of rebuttal testimony can create doubt about the validity of a fingerprint identification made by the prosecution's expert: (a) a methodological rebuttal explaining the risk of error in the fingerprintcomparison process; (b) a substantive rebuttal concluding the fingerprint comparison was inconclusive because the latent fingerprint was not suitable for use; and (c) a substantive rebuttal excluding the defendant as the source of the latent fingerprint. We also examined whether the prosecution can inoculate its expert from the effects of these rebuttals by pre-emptively refuting criticisms of fingerprint comparisons. All rebuttals significantly reduced perceptions of guilt, but the substantive rebuttals proved most effective. Efforts to inoculate against rebuttal testimony did not succeed; however, persons more concerned about false acquittals than false convictions were less influenced by the rebuttal testimony. The present study demonstrates that waging a battle of fingerprint experts effectively conveys information about the limits of fingerprint identifications and supports awarding funds to indigent defendants to retain their own experts to not only explain but also substantively scrutinize the government's fingerprint evidence.


In a recent paper Champlin et a1 (1984) report the courses of four patients with aplastic anaemia treated with syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. These patients required 'an immunosuppressive conditioning treatment in order to sustain a graft.' The conditioning regimens included either cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg i.v. daily for 4 d alone or in two cases with 3 GY total body irradiation as well. The authors report on 17 other similar cases that they have found in the literature of which eight required more than one bone marrow transplant. Of these eight, four received a 'conditioning regimen' prior to a second transplant and three of these attempts proved successful. Curiously, the authors then conclude that 'these data indicate that aplastic anaemia may be caused by a mechanism other than an absence or intrinsic abnormality of haematopoietic stem cells in many patients.' They come to this conclusion apparently because they do not see any role for high dose cyclophosphamide or total body irradiation in the eradication of abnormal stem cells residing in marrow niches prior to their replacement with normal stem cells. They somehow conclude that aplastic anaemia is always due to an absolute deficiency of stem cells that may in some cases be caused by autoreactive immunocytes. There is, however, precious little evidence to sustain such a view. The authors completely fail to consider that aplastic anaemia may in fact be a clonal disorder due to the expansion of a clone of stem cells that are incapable of progressive maturation and differentiation. This is surely the case in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria and has recently been found in non-PNH related aplasia as well (Abkowitz et al, 1984). Massive doses of cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation may be quite effective at least transiently in such a circumstance. The abnormal clone may be suppressed permanently or it may return as is the case in leukaemia. It is unwise to draw firm pathophysiologic conclusions from experiments in pharmacology particularly when one is studying drugs of very broad capability and action. Surely these reports are of interest, but the conclusions drawn from them should be guarded indeed. Idolatry blindeth the mind.


Abstract. There are a lot of converters in the DC microgrid. These tightly regulated closed-loop converters may cause stability problem of bus voltage when used as a load. In order to improve the stability of the DC microgrid, a novel stabilization method based on exact feedback linearization is proposed. The nonlinear system is transformed into a linear system, and the large signal stability control is realized by using the exact linearization technology. The feasibility and effectiveness of this method are verified by the simulation results.


The polypeptide was extracted from Oratosquilla oratoria shell by a method of enzymatic hydrolysis techniques.A series of single-factor experiments,such as time,temperature,pH value,enzyme dosages,were made to investigate the effects of the extraction ratio for optimal levels,using response surface analysis to optimize the main process parameters and getting a regression equation.The optimum conditions for extraction were found: temperature 55℃,pH value 8.36,time 3.95h,enzyme dosage 0.92%,under these conditions,The extraction ratio of polypeptide was 0.896mg/g,the predictive value was0.88mg/g,it indicated that the optimized process was reliable.


An electron beam lithography apparatus for providing one to-one or X-to-one projection of a pattern includes a pyro electric emitter, which is disposed a predetermined distance apart from a Substrate holder, the pyroelectric emitter includ ing a pyroelectric plate having a dielectric plate on a Surface thereof and a patterned Semiconductor thin film on the dielectric plate facing the Substrate holder, a heating Source for heating the pyroelectric emitter, and either a pair of magnets disposed beyond the pyroelectric emitter and the Substrate holder, respectively, or a deflection unit disposed between the pyroelectric emitter and the Substrate holder, to control paths of electrons emitted by the pyroelectric emit ter. In operation, when the pyroelectric emitter is heated in a vacuum, electrons are emitted from portions of the pyro electric plate that are not covered by the patterned Semicon ductor thin film.


Water PVA binder was used as main raw material to produce MLCC.The key technology was studied on ceramic paste mixing,casting and laminating process.And MLCC based on water binder was compared with solvent PVB binder one.Result show that MLCC with good properties could be produced on water binder.


Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEM) can be used to characterize organic matter present in water samples. When excited, the intensity of fluorescence emitted can be used to generate a representation of organic matter makes it possible to localize fluorescence centers related to particular groups, which can 'fingerprint' a sample. The technique is applicable to wastewater samples to identify contributors of refractory organic matter; for which an appropriate pretreatment program can be instituted to optimize the overall operations of the wastewater disinfection process. This article provides a case study of this innovative application of EEM, which has not been previously reported.


This study aims at examining planning experts awareness of windfall and wipe-out and suggesting desirable policy proposals. Government has restricted land-using activity through legal administrative regulations to lead to policy directions. Government has strictly restricted zoning to conserve residential environment, green-belt, cultural properties and etc; However, these restrictions have resulted in property damage of landowners in restricted area. In this situation, there have been increasingly the outbreak of property profits and property damage because of governmental restrictions. Therefore, We analyzed seriousness of windfall and wipe-out, through theoretical review of windfall and wipe-out, and analysis of importance degrees by type. And We suggested proposals to adopt TDR(Transfer of Development Right) by seeking proper methods by type based on methods to understand windfall and wipe-out.


Abstract This paper presents a simple theory for the association between observed eastern Mediterranean (EM) rainfall anomalies and North Atlantic (NA) climate variability. Large-scale NA atmospheric mass rearrangements, primarily a modulation of the Icelandic low and the subtropical high pressure systems, tend to extend beyond the NA. A particularly strong such teleconnection exists between the northern NA and southern Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Pressure anomalies over Greenland–Iceland are thus associated with reversed-polarity anomalies centered over the northern Adriatic, affecting the entire Mediterranean Basin; elevated Greenland pressure is accompanied by an anomalous cyclone over the Mediterranean, and a Mediterranean high pressure system is present when pressure over Greenland is reduced. In the EM, these anomalies result in anomalous southerlies during Greenland highs, and northerlies during Greenland lows. Eastern Mediterranean southerlies warm the EM, while northerlies cool locally. B...


Provided is a moving picture browsing system comprising: a moving picture database (11) having moving picture data stored therein; a scene division unit (21) for dividing a visual signal of the moving picture data into shots, to thereby output the consecutive shots having a small difference of the feature quantities of audio signals corresponding to the shots, as a scene; and a text similarity calculation unit (25) for converting an aural signal of the audio signals, for the individual scenes divided by the scene division unit (21), into text data, to thereby calculate the similarity of the texts between the scenes from the frequency of nouns in the text data to thereby generate text similarity data (14).


The objective of this research was analyzing the factors that caused the
mixedmarriage between indigenous people from Pepadun and Saibatin in Negeri
Agung sub-district. The second objective was to find out which Inheritance Law
that was applied by the society who performed the matrimony between those two
Indigenous People.
This research used descriptive-analysis method, meaning to give a picture
of the object�s situations which was based on the data. The respondents of this
research were 14 (fourteen) people: 10 (ten) people that committed a matrimony
between the two Indigenous People and 4 (four) peoples that are the descendant of
that sort of matrimony. The sampling technique was non-probability sampling,
especially purposive sampling. The data analysis used qualitative method. In
addition, the conclusion of this research used the inductive-logic approach.
The result of this research showed the common factors that lead the
matrimony of the two Indigenous Peoples were: environment, religion,
acculturation, spouse, and �penyimbang�. The Inheritance Law used by the
spouse of miscegenation matrimony between indigenous people from Pepadun
and Saibatin in Negeri Agung sub-district was patrilineal system. However, there
were some that used the Islamic Inheritance Law with the bilateral-individual
system.


Edu ca t o r s g l ob a l l y a r e st r ug g lin g w it h how t o s er ve n e w l y arr iv e d immi gra nt students. This article  presents results of a  qualitative study in  the south of Spain, investigating contributions immigrant associations can make to multicultural schools. We conducted 55 interviews and one focus group with immigrant associations, and 32 interviews  with  teachers  and  school  directors.  We  found  the  teaching  staff  and immigrant associations willing and interested in cooperating to improving integration of immigrant children and youth. In particular, both groups saw immigrant associations as potential mediators. Afterward, two participating schools began to take significant steps toward collaborating with nearby immigrant associations.


This theoretical study deals with the most influential British philosopher of the nineteenth century, namely John Stuart Mill (1806 – 1873). The study offers a socio-political interpretation of Mill's views on Liberty and Utilitarian Premises in a descriptive way. The objective of this study is to elaborate and discuss his major contribution in the field of liberal theory by focusing on his very well-known book On Liberty published in 1859. The aim of the study however, is to problematize the main points in which Mill focused in his philosophical argument on liberal thinking and liberty. The main argument of this study is that there is a clear inconsistency between Mill's theory of Liberty and his Utilitarian premises. In doing so, the study is divided into eight sections. Section one is devoted to the introduction. Section two shows the objectives of the study and the method in which applied. Section three raises the major questions in which the study tries to answer. Section four briefly assesses Mill's relationship to Jeremy Bentham. Section five analyses Mill's very famous work, On Liberty . Section six focuses on Mill's views on liberalism and humanism. Section seven discusses Mill's Utilitarianism, individuality and the inconsistencies in his theory of liberty. Section eight demonstrates the conclusion in a critical assessment. The objectives of this theoretical study are: firstly, to elaborate and discuss his major contribution in the field of liberal theory by focusing on his very well-known book On Liberty published in 1859, secondly, to problematize the main points in which Mill focused in his philosophical arguments on liberal thinking and liberty . On Liberty is well known as one of great classic texts in modern political theory. Methodologically, the study lies at the intersection of sociology, political science, and liberty theory. It should be emphasised that this study has been done according to a historical and an explanatory approach method, which applied in both fields of political theory and political sociology. The explanatory approach is a method to make us understand something by describing and illustrating. Its intents merely to explore the research questions and does not offer final and conclusive solutions to the exciting questions. Therefore, this study uses the literature research and text analysis as a tool for it.


The study of quantum Coulomb systems at equilibrium is important for understanding properties of matter in many physical situations. Screening, recombination and van der Waals forces are basic phenomena which result from the interplay of Coulomb interactions, collective effects and quantum mechanics. Those phenomena are introduced in the first part of this lecture, through various physical examples. Their treatment within meanfield theories and phenomenological approaches is also exposed, while related predictions are discussed. This sheds light on fundamental issues, which must be analyzed without any a priori approximations or modelizations. The second part of this lecture is precisely devoted to the presentation of various exact results for the quantum proton-electron hydrogen plasma. Such results are derived within the Screened Cluster Representation, which is constructed by combining the path integral representation of the Coulomb gas with Mayer-like diagrammatical techniques. They illustrate the breakdown of Debye exponential screening by quantum fluctuations, as well as the emergence of familiar chemical species in suitable low-temperature and low-density limits. Also, the amplitude of van der Waals forces is shown to be reduced by free charges.


Sickle cell anaemia has been affecting Africans for centuries. The management of the disease in the past revolved around the use of herbs by the traditional medical practitioners (1). One such remedy in Nigerian traditional medical practice is the drinking of an aqueous extract of the bark of Adansonia digitata L. (Bombacaceae). This bark was evaluated for its antisickling properties using the method of Adesanya and Sofowora (2). The aqueous and methanolic extracts of the bark were partitioned between water and diethyl ether to give the ether fraction. The aqueous and methanolic extract as well as the ether fraction at various concentrations were incubated with 2 % sodium metabisulphite sickled washed HbSS blood samples, respectively.


Lead researcher Dr Janet McLaren discusses the results of a new study exploring new concerns that rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease may lead to premature ovarian failure and early menopause.


The Inter-American Bibliographical and Library Association is an example of the adage "buen principio, la mitad es hecha." During its ten-year existence the Association has, with few members and without funds or the favor of the foundations, accomplished a great deal toward spreading the gospel of interAmerican cultural co-operation. Yet its accomplishments under such conditions are not surprising when one considers that among its founders were the late James Alexander Robertson, Cecil K. Jones, David A. Rubio, Esteban Gil Borges, James Bennett Childs, A. Curtis Wilgus, and Charles E. Babcock. From 1930 to I935 the Association used the facilities of the Pan American Union for mimeographing and for distributing to its members its irregularly issued publications. In I935 it began to publish an annual volume as "series x." Two volumes in that series have been printed and distributed to members, while two more are announced as in the press. Volumes I and II of series 2 contain the papers and proceedings of the Association's first and second annual meetings held in Washington in February, 1937 and I938, respectively. The papers are classified under "Bibliography," "Libraries," "Archives," and "Miscellaneous." As is frequently the case with proceedings of learned societies, since the contributions are voluntary, many of the papers are of commanding importance while others are of only minor interest. Among the former are those concerning problems in Hispanic-American bibliography by such Nestors in the field as Cecil K. Jones, the late James Alexander Robertson, and Rafael Heliodoro Valle. In Volume I, Jones accents the fact that Hispanic-American bibliography, following the line of least resistance, is developing a highly specialized direction. Calling attention to the many lacunae that still exist-e.g., Mexico of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and Argentina-he pleads for an integration of the dispersed elements, many of which now seem disparate, into a comprehensive, systematic bibliographical repertory. In conclusion, he suggests a continuing and complementary project of publishing at regular intervals a bibliographical review covering, as far as is possible, Hispanic-American publications. , Proceedings of the first convention of the Inter,American Bibliographical and Library Association. ("Inter-American Bibliographical and Library Association publications," ser. 2, Vol. 1.) New York: H. W. Wilson, 1938. Pp. 267. $5.oo; Proceedings of the second convention of the Inter-American Bibliographical nd Library Association. ("InterAmerican Bibliographical and Library Association publications," ser. 2, Vol. II.) New York: H. W. Wilson, I939. Pp. 330. $5.00.


In this article, the author considers the main trends of the main problems of Russian business in contemporary Russian conditions and presents a comparative analysis of threat assessments on this issue . The empirical basis of the study was an expert survey of entrepreneurs from 21 regions of the country . Surveys of entrepreneurs have shown that for the business community, negative trends related to domestic economic regulation are more priority than sanctions pressure . According to experts, the most significant threats are the long-term decline in the level of income of citizens and purchasing power and excessive tax burden on entrepreneurs . The business community is also concerned about the instability of the legal framework, corruption, economic risks, lack of guarantees of return on investment . Threats caused by sanctions took the last line of the rating in the survey of experts . The results of the study demonstrate on the one hand some nihilism regarding economic policy, on the other hand the need for more interaction between government and business . The business community highly approve support from the government for business . Representatives of companies believe that today the role of the state should be reoriented from the functions of the crisis regulator and coordinator to the functions of the main stimulator, developing effective mechanisms for socio-economic activation of business activity.


So far legislators from several countries have purposed many definitions for cybercrime but they have not yet achieved international consensus over this definition. This is due to several factors out of which those paramount ones are user's different level and exploitation from Information Technology in several countries. On the other hand, difference in criminal law system within various countries may serve as further reason and it causes on the other hand different reactions from several legal systems arises against a novel phenomenon. Overall, cybercrime is unallowed use of cybernetic technology in order to access private sensitive information as well as confidential information from organizations. Basically, the extent of impact of those crimes which are committed in cyberspace is wider than traditional crimes and they will create more damages as well to the great extent. By casting a comparative and interdisciplinary glance at the newly approved concerning to cybercrimes, this brief essay tries to purpose an eclectic definition from cyber crimes based on the aforesaid attitudes and remove some themeand content – related ambiguities in this regard and imply briefly about types of cyber-crimes and classification of the contentrelated crimes in cyberspace.


Convolutional neural networks currently dominate in optical flow estimation. Neural network learning methods are categorized to three groups: supervised needing inputs and desired outputs, selfsupervised needing just inputs and semisupervised attempting to combine both. This work proposes a new method of semi-supervised optical flow learning. The method formulates the training optimization as constrained gradient descent on a supervised loss function that includes self-supervised terms. In the selfsupervised domain, a systematic study of selected current practices is done. Specifically, three photometric difference measures are tested brightness difference, census transform and structural similarity. Current research suggests that occlusion handling plays a role for selfsupervised learning. Two methods are tested forward backward consistency occlusion detection from UnFlow [32] and three-frame occlusion reasoning from Janai et al. [31]. Apart from these techniques, we also test the training dataset size effect and forward-backward consistency loss function term [32]. The experiments regarding semisupervision show that including the unsupervised objective with the proposed method significantly improves the estimation on a distant domain while maintaining the performance on the original domain. More specifically, the error decrease is demonstrated on an artistic-like Creative Flow+ dataset [42] while the model maintain its accuracy on the popular Sintel dataset [11]. Surprisingly, the effect is observed even wihtout using any Creative Flow+ samples. The self-supervised training experiments show that learning with census photometric difference leads to better accuracy on all tested datasets. Out of the two occlusion handling methods, none significantly increases the performance. The results suggest that the methods are unable to accurately detect occlusions. The experiments show that a large amount of training data does not necessarily lead to a performance increase. Surprisingly, training on as little as eighty frame pairs does not lead to a catastrophic loss of accuracy.


The right vision is to operate the cloud with zero-carbon emission from power Not just offsetting through renewable energy purchases Not just 24x7 matching True zero carbon in electric power consumed, and with no increase as the cloud continues to grow That's the right vision for our proud computing technology community to lead the fight against climate change, and to see increasing use of computing as a positive force to slow climate change In 2020, the cloud's power consumption exceeded 2% of total US power, and hyperscale providers exceed 6% in regional power markets and grids Add to that annual growth of 28% (2017-2019) as well as acceleration from COVID-sped digitalization and machine learning, and it's clear that cloud power consumption cannot be ignored in serious attempts to reduce anthropogenic carbon emissions


Transport problems have been an inherent part of rural life for decades, if not centuries. Over the last three 'decades' a dichotomy has developed with car owners/users enjoying a very high degree of mobility, and hence accessibility to facilities for employment, education, leisure and personal business. With the allocation of a large amount of public resources it would be possible to guarantee non-car owning/using rural inhabitants the same level of mobility as car owning/using rural residents through large-scale subsidy of taxi services. Such action is very unlikely to be practical and the challenge of rural transport is therefore one of providing the maximum level of mobility achievable within available resources. In this report, the Rural Development Commission, the authors examine issues and present three case studies for Devon, Gloucestershire and North Yorkshire


Nanosizedmetal oxide, Titania, provides high surface area and specific affinity for the adsorption of heavymetals, including arsenic (As), which is posing a great threat to the world population due to its carcinogenic nature. In this study, As(III) adsorption was studied on pure and metal- (Ag- and Fe-) doped Titania nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized by liquid impregnation method with some modifications, with crystallite size in the range of 30 to 40 nm. Band gap analysis, using Kubelka-Munk function showed a shift of absorption band from UV to visible region for themetal-doped Titania. Effect of operational parameters like dose of nanoparticles, initial As(III) concentration, and pH was evaluated at 25°C. The data obtained gave a good fit with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the adsorption was found to conform to pseudo-second-order kinetics. In batch studies, over 90% of arsenic removal was observed for both types of metal-doped Titania nanoparticles from a solution containing up to 2 ppm of the heavy metal. Fixed bed columns of nanoparticles, coated on glass beads, were used for As(III) removal under different operating conditions. Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were applied to predict the breakthrough curves and to find the characteristic column parameters useful for process design. The columns were regenerated using 10% NaOH solution.


A high voltage direct current system based on the modular multi-level converter (MMC-HVDC) is introduced as a suitable device for transmission of bulk powers over long distances. A pole-to-pole DC-side fault is a significant challenge for the MMC-HVDC system. Three main problems are the appearance of voltage spikes following a fast DC fault current break up, frequency instability due to insufficient inertia (networks such as renewable energy-based systems) and destruction of anti-parallel diodes within the MMC due to the high fault current. This study proposes a novel method for limiting DC fault current, improving isolation of the three-phase AC system from the DC-side. The suggested design employs high power resistors as virtual load such that continuity in active power flow will be kept on. Further, this prevents frequency deviation from exceeding the allowable limits. Also, transient over-voltages will be limited which are coming from stray inductances linked with electromagnetic effects of fault current level. Simulations and design practical issues have verified the validity of the proposal by using MATLAB/Simulink.


In this short commentary about 'new students' and their 'new' ways of being literate, Anna Kinnane, a teacher of 22 years, investigates the implications of this newness for teachers who find themselves as second language learners in the digital world of the 'new' classroom.


For each point terrain attributes were derived from a 50 meters pixel digital elevation model (DEM), using the SAGA geographic information system. In addition basic NDVI statistics, such as the mean, minimum and maximum values, and the Fourier series phases (F1 and F2) and amplitudes (A1 and A2) for the 12 months and 6 months periods were evaluated from the long term monthly average NDVI series obtained by SPOT-Vegetation data. Mean annual precipitation estimates were also available for each sample.


Several free software tools are investigated for their applicability to solving problems of two-dimensional steady compressible gas dynamics. The following test cases are considered: inviscid flow in a channel with a central wedge and supersonic viscous flow past an axisymmetric double cone. Comparison of the results obtained using different codes with available experimental data and with results, obtained using in-house code developed at SPbPU, is performed.


Magnetic granular solids consist of ultrafine metal granules of nanometer sizes embedded in an insulating medium. The magnetic properties are dictated by the microstructure such as particle size, metal volume fraction, which are process controlled. We report the results of a series of granular Fe60(SiO2)40 films in which the particle size has been systematically varied. The magnetic coercivity, ranging from 500 to 2200 Oe, increases with particle size. The ferromagnetic‐superparamagnetic transition had been studied by SQUID magnetometry and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The value of the magnetic anisotropy energy is found to be much larger than that due to magnetocrystalline anisotropy.


This report presents forecast of sales for the two companies from the automotive and telecommunications industries. It includes the cash flow projections and next year's balance sheet.


This research was conducted for describing the value of the character in the legend story in the fourth grade students book theme 8 "Daerah Tempat Tinggalku" curriculum 2013. The research design in this study used a qualitative descriptive approach. The method that used is content analysis. The data used are words, sentences and paragraphs in the legend story. Sources of data in this research were books for fourth grade Elementary students at theme 8 "Daerah Tempat Tinggalku". The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Data collection techniques used documentation techniques. Test the validity of the data in this research used semantic validity and reliability validity. The data analysis technique used the Hermeneutic approach. The results showed that (1) honest character values were found 2 citation character values. (2) the value of the character of responsibility found 2 quotes of character values. (3) there are 2 quotations for intelligent character values. (4) clean and healthy character values are not found in the 5 legend stories. (5) the caring character value is found 12 character value quotes. (6) the value of creative character was found 2 quotes of character values. (7) the value of mutual cooperation character found 1 quote character value. Keywords: Character Value, Legend Stories, Student Book, Elementary School


This paper presents the simulation possibilities of a steel factory's closed gas circulation (the project name is "ReGenGas"). A real composition of a steel factory gases is used. The main aim in this project is to decrease carbon dioxide emission into the air and/or to re-use it to produce more hot metal or some chemicals. Actual processes will be compared to the developed system in this project. Trial runs in laboratory scale help to establish a use of non-ideal gases and potentiality to recirculate these gases. The simulation tool will be done with Matlab's Simulink and will be based on the data collected from the test campaigns. The real measurements of the experimental data and the simulated results will be compared. Simulation will consist of models for the mixing of pure gases and for the mixed real process gases like coke oven and blast furnace gases. In laboratory trials the variables are for example the composition of the gas, the operating temperature, recirculation rate, catalyst's dimensions and composition and the characters of the iron charge. The test equipment and trials are based on the calculated results of Outokumpu Technology's HSCsoftware done in the same research group's earlier "CO2H2"-project. In this project the lab scale test runs are made to verify earlier calculations. Expert knowledge and an experimental design matrix will be utilized. The goal of simulation and dynamic modelling is the preliminary information of a re-using of gases in a steel factory and designing of trials. As a result of this research it is possible to decrease a steel factory's carbon dioxide emissions and at the same time the production of hot metal increases. The feed gases in test runs will be H2, N2, CO, CO2, H2O, CH4 and O2. This ReGenGas -project is financed by the National Technology Agency of Finland (TEKES), Outokumpu Technology Oy, Neste Oil Oyj and Ehovoc Oy. Research partners in this consortium are University of Oulu (3 laboratories) and Åbo Akademi (Turku, Finland).


In Britain, automation will bring about a complete change in management and worker attitudes; it will change the skills which industry needs and cause everybody to reconsider their conventional ideas of work, payment for work and working hours. The result should be a higher standard of general prosperity, which will have to be shared by everyone and not confined to the elite in sophisticated industry. Community life will be changed, not only as a result of higher standards and greater leisure, but also because of the use of automation in everyday life.


According to the US Surgeon General, physician should take part preventing oral diseases; a matter that is almost overlooked (1). Visiting a pediatrician, parents often prioritize nutritional and growth issues and oral health is seldom a concern (2). Probably, one of the major barriers to this neglected part of clinical examination is this part of review of system (ROS) has been never thought during undergraduate and postgraduate training. (3). This shortfall may be related to already crowded Pediatrics residency programs and deficient knowledge of faculty members (1). In a survey among graduating pediatric residents in America, 71% felt not enough trained on infant oral health and 73% claimed that they received less than three hours of specific training of oral health during residency program (4). Annual time devoted to this subject was 1-2 hours reported by 52% of family medicine residency program directors from the United States in 2008 (5). In 2004, society of teachers of family medicine (STFM) established "Smile for Life: A national oral health curriculum for family medicine" released in 2005, which was updated in 2008 and 2010 (6). Smile for life (3 version) possesses 8 sections discussing topics related to the oral health including relation of oral health to systemic health, adult oral health, child oral health, oral emergencies, oral health and pregnant patient, fluoride application, oral examination and geriatric patient (7). By the year 2006, oral health medicine became a mandatory part of family medicine curricula in United States (6). Of importance, attention to the dental caries and periodontitis and early signs of oral cancers is critical and should be noted and screened by a medical clinician especially in children, elderly, uninsured, underserved and urban population, respectively. WHO report of disability-adjusted life year (DALY) score of Iran in 2004 was a total of 1,542 and 3,622 for +60 and 0-14 year-old groups (per 1000 population). For 0-14 year old category, scores for asthma, dental caries and diarrhea are as the followings: 53, 37 and 277. For +60 category a total of 13 scores was related to the oral non-noeplastic diseases (i.e., edentulism 6, dental caries 7), while mouth and oropharynx cancer constitutes 5 out of 170 total cancers score when compared to 6,7, 9, 40 and 43 scores attained by breast, prostate, colon, esophageous and stomach cancers, respectively (8). Child hood dental caries as the most known chronic disease of childhood has remarkable consequences of poor growth, impaired nutrition and school performance, which adversely affect esthetics, chewing and speech. Moreover, high cost of emergency dental visits should be taken into account.


Correction for 'In situ plasma-assisted atmospheric nitrogen fixation using water and spray-type jet plasma' by Peng Peng et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 2886-2889.


Abstract: This is a study of the determinants of self-employment in Israel. We employ data for about 13,000 Israeli men and women who were twenty-seven to thirty-four years old in 1995. For each respondent we merged records from the 1983 and 1995 censuses as well as their parents' records in the 1983 census. We distinguish between three categories of self-employment: professional-managerial, qualified, and unqualified occupations. Our main fin dings are: (1) There are virtually no ethnic differences in the odds of self-employment of anyone of the three categories. (2) The effect of education on self-employment in the qualified and unqualified classes is curvilinear: those with very low and very high levels of education are less likely to be self-employed than are those with intermediate levels of education. Evidently, the least educated are unlikely to succeed in business, and those with a university qualification have attractive alternatives as employees. By contrast, in the professional and managerial class, the effect of education is negative. (3) As expected, having a self-employed father enhances one's odds of self-employment. (4) More important, the effect of father's self-employment transfers across categories of self-employment. The sons and daughters of the self-employed in the unqualified class can climb to the class of qualified workers via self-employment. (5) Self-employment is enhanced by the economic circumstance of one's family of origin, suggesting that wealthier families can provide the resources for initial investment in the business and for keeping it afloat during periods of hardship.


The work reflects the historical and theoretical aspect of the method of teaching reading in Russia: three stages of development of methodic science in this direction are described. A com-parative analysis of the definitions of the concept "reading" in different sources of knowledge is carried out, and the methodic phenomenon of reading is described. The psychological-pedagogical and reference materials used in the work reveal both achievements in the methods of teaching children to read, and problematic issues. In particular, the issue of the objectives in the teaching reading, determined by the age peculiarities of the participants in the process, drawing on the works of psychologists and supervisors a difference is read as the physiological actions and how speech activities, are called classical and alternative methods of learning to read and other. We come to conclusions about the possibility of learning to read in preschool age, since theoretical and empirical prerequisites are created, and practical methods of teaching children to read are developed. A hypothesis is put forward about the need for individualization of training and the creation of a scientifically based technology of the process.


RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (ROP) is a potentially blinding condition affecting the developing retinal blood vessels of babies born prematurely. Once the retina is vascularized, the risk of developing this condition has passed. The R O P clinical risk issue is both fascinating and complex; over the past five decades so many seemingly diverse risk factors have been suggested that it is almost impossible to determine what weighting can be attributed to each. This difficulty is heightened by a failure to appreciate that in some aspects the aetiology of mild and severe R O P could be different perhaps exemplified by the suggestion that both hyperoxia and hypoxia are causally related to ROP. There has been a tendency in recent years to regard R O P as an almost inevitable, albeit unpredictable consequence of extreme prematurity. It is useful, therefore, to briefly review the history of ROP, and consider in the light of recent research how the aforementioned seemingly conflicting risk factors hyperoxia and hypoxia might both contribute to severe disease. Not surprisingly in recent years clinicians have focused more on natural history, screening and treatment, rather than on the pathogenesis of ROP.


Backgrouds: Cervical epidural blocks were used as part of a comprehensive multimodal treatment program for patients with chronic pain in the head, neck and upper extremities. The depth of the epidural space beneth the skin surface varies at different levels of the spinal column in the same patient. It also varies from patient to patient at the same vertebral level. We studied the distance the skin to the cervical epidural space in adults patients at different intervertebral spaces. Methods: Date were gathered from 628 patients having cervical epidural block for relief of cervical and upper extrimity pain. All blocks were performed using hanging drop method after loss of resistance with saline at C5-6, C6-7, C7-T1 intervertebral space. Results: Mean distances for skin to cervical epidural space (DSES) were 5.42 cm, 5.06 cm, 4.68 cm in male, 5.00 cm, 4.61 cm, 4.10 cm in female at C7-T1, C6-7, C5-6 intervertebral space. DSES correlated with body weight, neck circumference and body mass index significantly. Conclusion: In the cervical spine, DSES varies from space to space. The longest DSES were noted at C7-T1 level in male, and the shortest DSES were at C5-6 in female. DSES has significant relationships with weight, neck circumference and body mass index.


Summary The macrolide antibiotics aivlosin,tilmicosin and tylosin were tested for their ability to enter and accumulate inside a number of mammalian cell types including human gut epithelial cells,pig kidney epithelial cells and pig white blood cells.Aivlosin (3-acetyl-4 isovaleryltylosin) entered andwasconcentratedinallthreecelltypesandwasshown to rapidly (within 10 min.) concentrate in white blood cells. This antibiotic entered polarised human gut epithelial cells (Caco-2 cells) by either the apical or basolateral surface,to be concentrated inside the cells and to be transported to the opposite surface.Tylosin entered all cell types relatively poorly,whilst tilmicosin was intermediate in its ability to enter and accumulate in cells.The greater uptake of aivlosin may be related to the presence of an isovaleryl group.Although the three antibiotics are all macrolides,they were shown to differ in at least one aspect ofdistribution,relevanttotheirefficacyintreatingclinical disease.


AbstractIn the presented paper the use of a novel environmentally friendly aminopolycarboxylate chelating agent trisodium salt of methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) to inactivate various metal ions by complex formation in microporous anion exchangers and sorbents was tested. MGDA is a new generation of chelator, undergoing biodegradation.The removal of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions in the presence of MGDA on microporous anion exchangers of the Lewatit group with different basicity of functional centres as well as on nitrolite and clinoptilolite was described. The studies were carried out by the dynamic (column) and the static (batch) methods. The influence of several parameters such as the concentration of analyzed metal ions, pH and temperature were studied with respect to sorption equilibrium. The sorption isotherms were obtained and fitted using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models. Kinetic curves were also fitted using pseudo first order, pseudo second order as well as the intraparticle diffusion model equations to evaluate the most effective one.


The p50 subunit of NF‐kappa B is apparently synthesized as a precursor molecule of 105 kDa (p105); subsequent processing releases the amino‐terminal p50 polypeptide with rel homology, DNA binding activity and transcriptional activation potential. The carboxy‐terminal region of p105 contains seven copies of an ankyrin‐related sequence previously found in several genes involved in differentiation and cell cycle control. Two proteins with I kappa B activity, MAD‐3 and pp40, have been cloned and found to contain five obvious ankyrin repeats that align with those in the carboxy‐terminus of p105. Both proteins target their inhibitory activity to the p65 subunit of NF‐kappa B and to c‐rel. Here we show that the bacterially expressed and purified carboxy‐terminal region (CTR) of p105 abolishes the binding of p50 homodimers to a kappa B motif but minimally affects the binding of p65 homodimers and NF‐kappa B. By contrast, MAD‐3 inhibits the binding of p65 and NF‐kappa B but not p50. Both the CTR and MAD‐3 interact with their respective targets through physical association both in vitro and in vivo. The CTR can be expressed as an independent entity and thus may play two roles, as a cis inhibitor built into the p105 molecule and as a trans regulator of p50.


Summary. Patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and myelofibrosis secondary to carcinoma (SMF) were compared with regard to circulating granulocyte macrophage progenitor cells (CFU‐GM) using in vitro tissue culture techniques. Although increased numbers of CFU‐GM had previously been well documented in PMF, few patients with the secondary variety had been studied. Our data indicate that there is an increase in circulating CFU‐GM in patients with SMF but it is significantly lower than in those with PMF.


Ending Reliance argues that tax opinions given by an attorney or accountant to his clients are not reliable if they will be revealed to a court or the IRS. Attorneys and accountants now face competition in an economic world, and clients will pay for the easy and yielding opinions but not for the ones that say no. An attorney or accountant may now give an opinion without fear of penalty, although there is a large chance that it will not withstand a challenge by the IRS. Tax doctrine has firmly (albeit recently) settled that opinions by an adviser loyal to the seller of a tax transaction may not be relied on by the buyer. The seller's adviser will lean in too far, patch over difficulties, and fail to identify all the defects. The presentation return position opinions are similarly inflated. Johnson would deny admission of tax opinions in a penalty controversy as proof of taxpayer good faith or reasonable cause for failure to pay tax. The proposal is offered as a part of the Shelf Project, which is a collaboration of tax professionals developing ways to raise revenue, when Congress is ready, in ways that increase the fairness and efficiency of the tax base. The Shelf Project has 70 proposals so far. Comments are welcome either as public debate, directed to the Tax Notes editor or privately to firstname.lastname@example.com.


The charge exchange cross sections for protons with energies E > 0.01 ev moving in atomic hydrogen are calculated with an integral expression for probability. For 0.01 ev 1 Mev they can be expressed by simple analytical formulas. The contribution of excited states is taken into account. Largest divergences from the results of other, less exact calculations are observed at velocities v of the order e/sup 2//h. (auth)


The syntheses of dibenzo [b, f]-1, 4-oxazepin-11 (10 H)-ones (I) with electron-attracting substituents in position 2 by ring closure of the sodium salts of 2-halogeno-2′-hydroxy-benzanilides (II) are described. The reaction of II (R = SO2·N(CH3)2) in N-methylpyrrolidone also led, by SMILES rearrangement, to the isomeric minor product dibenzo [b, e]-1, 4-oxazepin-11 (5 H)-one (III; R = SO2·N(CH3)2), whose constitution was proven by synthesis from VI. In the case of II (R = SO2·CH3), the 5-methylsulfonyl-2-(2-hydroxyanilino)-benzoic acid (VI; R = SO2·CH3) was obtained directly after hydrolysis. The lactam I (R = NO2) was rearranged to the corresponding acid VI by heating with dilute caustic soda.


The local value of the magnetic field B(r) inside the plasma in magnetic fusion experiments is a quantity of considerable interest. Given information about plasma density and temperature it can be used to calculate the poloidal magnetic field, or given a zero current device (or the current profile) the local value of beta. The time history B(,t) can be used to infer the level of magnetic fluctuations in the plasma. The poloidal magnetic field and the level of magnetic fluctuations are particularly interesting quantities, since they are difficult to measure, and are both important for understanding particle and energy transport in magnetic fusion experiments. In fact, to date, no measurement of the local value of the total magnetic field or its time variation has been made in a high temperature plasma. Previous measurements have been confined to relatively cold plasmas where probes could be used, or have inadequate resolution to distinguish the value of the field with plasma present from its vacuum value. ...


To find the real risk points of internal dielectric charging (IDC), 3-D IDC simulation is performed to a typical dielectric structure considering GEO severe radiation environment (FLUMIC3). Charge transportation simulation is carried out by Geant4 and electric field is numerically computed according to the current conservation law. The aluminum shielding thickness is varied to investigate the shielding dependence. By adjusting the lower energy limit of the incident electron spectrum according to the shielding thickness, a technique is proposed to improve the simulation efficiency. The statistic condition in Geant4 is checked and attention is paid to the influence of mesh on the peak electric field. The simulation data show that the peak electric field occurs on the grounding edge and local mesh refinement on the critical charging point is of significance to make sure the real charging level. Increasing the shielding thickness could mitigate IDC. However, this mitigation effect is weak in the case where radiation-induced conductivity dominates the total conductivity (at low temperature). In this case, even using a 3-mm aluminum shielding, the peak electric field can reach the level of 107 V/m.


The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease and the efforts to contain the raging pandemic raise not only health, but also existential concerns. The present work sets out to examine how the pandemic impacts on the African socio-cultural life. The approach is analytical, phenomenological and above all conversational. For the African, the pandemic has two-pronged, positive and negative existential implications. On the one hand, the search for a possible cure and a vaccine for the novel coronavirus disease, when interpreted from the anthropological point of view, present an opportunity for cultural creativity in the areas of medicine and therapeutics. African traditional medicine as a cultural element is, here, referenced.On the other hand, it is discovered that the isolationist tendency of the pandemic, aggravated by another 'virus of disinformation' ─ an infodemics, threatens the social relations within the African world that is largely interdependent. The work argues that a fruitful utilization of the good cultural traits the pandemic brings can serve to boost the African self-confidence and cultural pride. The positive cultural traits that trail the pandemic can be absorbed to enrich the African culture whereas the negative traits should be jettisoned.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, African identity, equality, anthropology, medicine, and cultural pride.


Periodic inundation of floodplains and wetlands is critical for the well being of ecosystems. This study proposes a simple but efficient model that integrates time series daily flow data and the Landsat-derived Water Observation from Space (WOfS) product to model the spatio-temporal flood inundation dynamics of the Murray-Darling Basin. A zone-gauge framework is adopted in order to reduce the hydrologic complexity of the large river basin. Under this framework, flood frequency analysis was conducted at each gauge station to identify historical peak flows and their annual exceedance probabilities. The results were then linked with the WOfS dataset through date to model the inundation probability in each zone. Inundation frequency was derived by simply overlaying the yearly inundation extent from 1988 to 2015 and counting the inundation times. Both the resultant inundation frequency map and inundation probability map are of ecological significance for the survival and prosperity of riparian ecosystems. The assumptions of the model were validated carefully to enhance its theoretical basis. The WOfS dataset was also compared with another independent water observation dataset to cross-validate its reliability. It is hoped that with the development of more and more global high-resolution surface water datasets, this study could inspire more studies that integrate surface water datasets with hydrological observations for flood inundation modeling.


The invention relates to an anti-deformation casting method, in particular to an anti-deformation method for casting a vane of an ultra-large mixed flow type water turbine, which comprises the steps of mould manufacturing, molding, mould assembling, pouring, sand falling, cleaning and heat treatment. The method is characterized in that: the manufactured mould adopts a steel-wood mesh-shaped frame as aggregate which is filled with resin; a support is manufactured according to a molded line; a three-box T-type assembling, real pattern molding, flat building and vertical casting, combined sand boxes and resin self-hardening sand are adopted; facing sand adopts chromite sand; the inside of the molding sand is provided with a framework of steel reinforcement; the heat treatment adopts a vertical type charging method and uses a U-shaped supporting frock; and a dead head is cut and provided with a leveled dead head neck; the direction of the dead head neck is downward for supporting the vane; and two sides of the dead head neck are provided with a clamp for ensuring the vertical direction of the vane. The process method is unique, reduces the machining amount, reduces the ratio of gross and weight, shortens production period, reduces the cost, and solves the problems of deformation in vane production and manufacturing, and fat head and big ears caused by overlarge vane machining amount.


Key resources for animal production and wildlife science. Statistics from Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and more.


Basing on archival and other sources synthesis the author analyzes the organization of the graduation from special military artillery and engineering schools, the procedure of ranks conferment to the schools graduates and their placement for positions in the army for further military service in the first half of the XVIIIth century; and pays special attention to the coverage of special military artillery engineering schools contribution to artillery and engineering development, as well as strengthening the defence capability of Russia in the first half of the XVIIIth century.


A design of the fuzzy self-tuning immune PID controller is presented.This controller combines immune feedback mechanism with fuzzy PID control,performs the PID parameters self-tuning in the control system.A simulation test is presented in light of tactical missile autopilot transfer function.Simulation results show that the performance of the fuzzy self-tuning immune PID controller is better than that of pure fuzzy PID controller,especially in its robust performance for variable parameter system.


Background: To determine the frequency of hepatitis B and C virus infection in urological patients and assess the risk factors. Methods: This observational study was conducted at department of urology Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, from January 2010 to December 2011. Patients admitted at urology department during the study period were screened for HBV & HCV, and detailed history was taken to find out risk factors causing hepatitis B & C in urological patients. Results: A total 1472 patients were screened including 1152(78.26%) male and 320(21.73%) female patients. Out of 1472 patients 252(17.11%) were found positive for HBV & HCV. Visit to general practitioner and frequent use of Intravenous and Intramuscular drugs was risk factor found in 225(89%) patients. A visit to barber for shaving and hair cut was found in 139(72.3%) patients. Previous history of surgical procedures was found in 91(36.1%) patients. Blood transfusion was found in 49(19.4%) patients in past. Visit to dentist for procedures was found in 37(14.68%) patients. Road traffic accident in the past was seen in 14(5.5%) patients. Conclusion: The high prevalence i.e. 17.11% of hepatitis B & C in urological patient suggests that pre-operative screening of all patients for hepatitis B & C should be made mandatory. Public awareness regarding hazards and common modes of disease transmission should be transmitted through print and electronic media and public awareness programs.


Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe acute respiratory infections (ARI) in preterm infants. The incidence of RSV‐associated hospitalizations has not been defined in Mexico.


The survival of Staphylococcus aureus in inoculated (105 colony forming units [CFU]/mL) 3.2% and 0.5% fat ultra-high temperature-pasteurized milk samples containing 0%, 0.05%, or 0.1% cinnamaldehyde stored at 4°C or 10°C was evaluated within 15 days. S. aureus populations reached 7.92 (0.5% fat) and 7.95 (3.2% fat) log CFU/mL in control milk samples stored at 10°C, while in milk sample stored at 4°C, S. aureus counts remained almost unchanged. At the end of the study, the number of this pathogen decreased by 1.52–4.04 log CFU/mL in milk treated with cinnamaldehyde. The greatest anti-staphylococcal effect was achieved in low-fat milk at 10°C and treated with 0.1% cinnamaldehyde.


The underground infiltration sewage treatment system has invests, the equipment to be simple few, the expense is low, management simple and so on characteristics. Through increase voluntarily the development's microorganism microbial inoculum improvement soil character and in the enhancement underground infiltration system microorganism activeness, and carries on the microbial inoculum the physiological biochemistry to experiment and the sewage treatment experiment; The experiment indicated that the cushion medicinal preparation has the high microorganism activeness, increased reduces the system initiation to the underground infiltration system to transport the good time, enhanced the organic matter degeneration and the nitration efficiency.


The development of electric breakdown in magnetic fluids (MFs) has been analyzed. MFs have been consisted of magnetic particles (Fe3O4) of nanometric size, coated with oleic acid as a surfactant, dispersed in transformer oil. The electro9physical processes, which appear at action of the DC and AC electric field and constant magnetic field on MFs, were observed. These processes have effect on electric breakdown.


Aim: Helicobacter pylori infection has been established as a definite risk factor for gastric cancer. However, the consequence of H. pylori eradication on the progression of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between H. pylori eradication and the development of GERD. Methods: A comprehensive, English literature search was performed from January 1990 to April 2019. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) that evaluated the effect of H. pylori eradication on GERD were included. Meta-analysis of pooled OR was performed using Review Manger 5.1.7. Results: Seventeen articles with 6,889 subjects (intention-to-treat) that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were finally included in the analysis. Of them, 8 RCTs have the similar study design and inclusion criterion, which included patients with H. pylori infection but without GERD at baseline. The OR for the development of erosive GERD after H. pylori eradication was 1.67 (95% CI 1.12–2.48, p = 0.01). The OR for the development of GERD-related symptoms after H. pylori eradication in eradication group compared with control group was 1.04 (95% CI 0.84–1.29, p = 0.71). In addition, 9 RCTs included patients with both baseline H. pylori infection and GERD. The OR for the healing rates and relapse rates after H. pylori eradication in the H. pylori eradication group vs. control group was 0.92 (95% CI 0.47–1.82, p = 0.82) and 1.12 (95% CI 0.60–2.09, p = 0.71), respectively. Conclusions: Our meta-analyses showed H. pylori eradication may lead to the development of new erosive GERD. However, eradication of H. pylori may affect neither the healing rates nor relapse rates of preexisting GERD.


In this paper, the linear differential expression of order n≥2$$ n\ge 2 $$ with distribution coefficients of various singularity orders is considered. We obtain the associated matrix for the regularization of this expression. Furthermore, we present new statements of inverse spectral problems that consist in the recovery of differential operators from the Weyl matrix on the half‐line and on a finite interval. The uniqueness theorems for these two inverse problems are proved by developing the method of spectral mappings. To the best of the author's knowledge, inverse problems for higher order differential operators with distribution coefficients on the half‐line have not been studied before. For the finite interval case, we for the first time consider the issue of recovering coefficients of the boundary conditions.


textabstractWorld coffee bean prices have shown large fluctuations
during the past years. Consumer prices for roasted coffee,
in contrast, have varied considerably less. This article
investigates whether the weak relationship between
coffee bean and consumer prices can be explained by a
lack of competition on the Dutch coffee market.


The letter describes a 4-quadrant analogue multiplier which uses a field-effect transistor as a voltage-variable conductance in a differential-amplifier circuit configuration. Feedback is applied to the gate of the f.e.t. to linearise the IDS/VDS characteristic. A second matched f.e.t. is used to compensate for the changes in temperature, resulting in an accuracy of within 1% over a 50 deg. C temperature range.


Livestock keeping in rural Ghana supports many households by providing direct income and serving as a social safety net. Yet, animal diseases severely constrain livestock production in central Africa, causing economic losses for farmers and livestock owners (Awa & Achukwi, 2010). Hence, as Mockshell et al. (2014) stated, "providing quality and sustainable animal health services to livestock dependent communities is a key to reducing economic losses and human health risks associated with animal diseases". In this document we explore the challenges associated with animal diseases in rural Ghana and propose a prototype of a voice-based system, that can play a role in the prevention of animal diseases and stimulation of knowledge sharing between the involved actors. The document is organized as follows: the first section defines the contextual issues and makes the problem statement explicit. Next, a theoretical background is presented which further guides our research and the developed prototype. The following chapters describe the design and implementation of the prototype in more detail. The deployment and sustainability chapter provides more insight in relevant aspects that go beyond the technical artefacts and embeds our work in the broader societal context. Finally, in the discussion we reflect on the creation process of the prototype.


In this communication, we report on the disappearance of reflection color by photopolymerization of an acrylate monomer in lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystals from a cellulose derivative for color image applications. When a hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) derivative possessing propionyl side chains (HPC-Pr) was homogeneously dissolved in a liquid monomer of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate (4HBA), we obtained lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystals (HPC-Pr_4HBA) with a Bragg reflection peak in the visible wavelength range. Such reflection wavelength was controllable by not only temperature, but also concentration of HPC-Pr in 4HBA. We found that Bragg reflection peak of lyotropic HPC-Pr_4HBA mixture disappears by photopolymerization of 4HBA, thereby leading to the fabrication of a photolithographic color image. This report provides promising clues to fabricate intriguing photonic devices adopted with cellulose derivatives by utilizing such Bragg reflection characteristics.


A core element of the European Union 2003 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform was to decouple income support from production. Such subsidies have been classified as environmentally harmful by the OECD. This chapter reports ex ante estimates of the environmental consequences of this policy reform and compares observed outcomes of agri-environmental indicators. The findings show that the CAP reform of 2003 actually brought about environmental improvements which the previous reform (Agenda 2000) had promised but did not deliver.


Dear Editor, I read with interest the recent article by Fehsel et al., published online in the Journal of Psychopharmacology, January 2022. This article is a novel contribution to the understanding of one of the most important areas of clinical practice in psychiatry, namely the metabolic dysregulation induced by antipsychotics, such as clozapine, which has been proposed to contribute to the decreased life-expectancy in schizophrenia patients. Fehsel et al., show clozapine to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), thereby increasing preadipocyte differentiation and impairing vasodilatory responses in endothelial cells (Fehsel et al., 2022). The AhR has a diverse range of beneficial and detrimental effects across a wide array of medical conditions and its regulation is crucial to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the tumor microenvironment (Anderson, 2020). It may be important to note that AhRinduced cytochrome P450 (CYP)1b1 leads to the "backward" conversion of melatonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS). Melatonin is produced by all cells so far investigated and is an important inhibitor of antipsychotic metabolic dysregulation (Miola et al., 2022). Melatonin inhibition will have diverse and detrimental effects across an array of cell types, while the upregulation of NAS will have trophic and proliferative effects, given that NAS in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mimic, via the activation of the BDNF receptor, TrkB (Jang et al., 2010). This may underpin how clozapine upregulates neurogenesis. As such, AhR activation by clozapine may be mediating important clinical and side-effects via the regulation of the melatonergic pathway in different cells and tissues. This will be important for future research to determine.


(Received on 25 th June 2009, accepted in revised form 2 nd August 2012) Summary: Nickel(II) complexes of pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) having the general formula, [Ni(PDTC)2], [Ni(PDTC)Cl]n, [Ni(PDTC)(CN)2] and [Ni(PDTC)(Cys)] (Cys = cysteine) have been prepared and characterized by IR spectroscopy and Thermal analysis (TGA and DTA). The results of thermal analysis are consistent with the proposed composition of the complexes. It has been observed that the ligands I , SCN and thiolates (except cysteine) are replaced on addition of PDTC leading to the formation of [Ni(PDTC)Cl]n. The IR data suggest that coordination of the pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) takes place through the two sulfur atoms in a symmetrical bidentate fashion. Single crystal analysis of the expected [Ni(PDTC)2] crystals showed that the product was NiS, rather than a PDTC complex.


The prevailing massive exploitation of conventional fuels has staked the energy accessibility to future generations. The gloomy peril of inflated demand and depleting fuel reservoirs in the energy sector has supposedly instigated the urgent need for reliable alternative fuels. These very issues have been addressed by introducing oxyhydrogen gas (HHO) in compression ignition (CI) engines in various flow rates with diesel for assessing brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE). The enrichment of neat diesel fuel with 10 dm3/min of HHO resulted in the most substantial decrease in BSFC and improved BTE at all test speeds in the range of 1000–2200 rpm. Moreover, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach was employed for designing an ANN performance-predicting model with an engine operating on HHO. The correlation coefficients (R) of BSFC and BTE given by the ANN predicting model were 0.99764 and 0.99902, respectively. The mean root errors (MRE) of both parameters (BSFC and BTE) were within the range of 1–3% while the root mean square errors (RMSE) were 0.0122 kg/kWh and 0.2768% for BSFC and BTE, respectively. In addition, ANN was coupled with the response surface methodology (RSM) technique for comprehending the individual impact of design parameters and their statistical interactions governing the output parameters. The R2 values of RSM responses (BSFC and BTE) were near to 1 and MRE values were within the designated range. The comparative evaluation of ANN and RSM predicting models revealed that MRE and RMSE of RSM models are also well within the desired range but to be outrightly accurate and precise, the choice of ANN should be potentially endorsed. Thus, the combined use of ANN and RSM could be used effectively for reliable predictions and effective study of statistical interactions.


Preface Acknowledgements Introduction: Guns, Race, and Culture 1. Seeing and Believing in the Foreground 2. The Culture of Progressive Sexuality 3. The Culture of Religious Traditionalism 4. Choosing Folkways 5. Managing Morality 6. Cultural Scuffles and Capitol Hill Appendix A: Elite Interview Information Appendix B: Variable Specification, Coding, and Description Notes Bibliography Index


The setting up of payment banks is an exciting opportunity for digital financial inclusion. They have the potential to overhaul existing banking habits. Financial inclusion is the main goal behind creating payment banks. It is easier this way for a person to get a bank account. Besides, there is a need for transactions and savings accounts for the underserved population.


As a preliminary to this paper I wish to state, in the most unequivocal terms, that the palliative treatment herein recommended is not advocated as a substitute for the early extirpation of the diseased structures by appropriate surgical procedure, but that it is applicable to cases in which the time has passed for such treatment, and also in certain cases in which the consent of the patient can not be obtained for early hysterectomy, who will accept a cautery operation as an alternative; neither is it my purpose to inquire into the etiology of the disease or review the literature of the subject, but to study it chiefly from the clinical point of view, with the reference to the one topic of palliation. The prophylaxis of smallpox by vaccination, the curability of diphtheria by antitoxin, the relief of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis by Flexner's serum, and


The unreasonable length of Italian civil proceedings goes on filling pages of newspapers and magazines. According to some authoritative views, the inefficiency of the civil justice system helps explain why the Italian model of legislation and scholarship in civil procedure is not as influential on the European scene as it was in the past. Interestingly enough, a nearly diametrically opposed thesis has also been advanced, according to which the Italian procedural law and mainstream scholarship in civil procedure lack a clear, up-to-date, principle-oriented and comprehensive approach towards problems and challenges that contemporary civil justice systems face today. Such an outdated and overly complicated approach might contribute to the inefficiency of the Italian system of civil justice. The Italian Law Journal, which aims to both spread knowledge (and criticism) of the Italian legal system and foster international debate among lawyers of different traditions, may be an appropriate venue for deepening our understanding of the current performance of the Italian civil justice system. It may, in particular, assist us in ascertaining the major causes for its inefficiencies, with a view to assessing(in a subsequent article) whether the prevailing way of thinking of legal scholars may, in the end, exacerbate the relevant problems.


Abstract Non-uniform fluctuations of the order parameter (OP) in solids give rise to elastic shift deformations which considerably affect the OP fluctuation energy and the phase transition character itself. However, in the vicinity of the second order phase transition line and also near the stability boundaries at the first order transition the OP fluctuations become abnormally big. So it becomes necessary to account not only elastic but plastic deformations as well. These aspects are considered in the present paper.


The Information technology (IT) plays a key role in the functioning of the modern era. The evolution of computer is very fast. It improves the efficiency of processing, the capacity of memory and the transmission rate of network. The procurement department will procure the new resources. They did not know that equipment suit any budget because they may not track changes or the development of a computer constantly. We propose a system that helps to define specifications of computer for appropriated usage and commensurate with the budget. This paper explains the structure of system consists of three parts: frontend, selector and reporter. The experimental results present the implement of system consist of main page, registration, authentication, standard mode, advanced mode, selecting the types of computer usage, and the output is a list of component.


We study hypothetical gauge bosons that may produce dijet resonances at the LHC. Simple renormalizable models include leptophobic Zbosons or colorons that have flavor- independent couplings and decay into a color-singlet or -octet quark-antiquark pair, respec- tively. We present the experimental results on dijet resonances at hadron colliders as limits in the coupling-versus-mass plane of a gauge boson associated with baryon number. This theoretical framework facilitates a direct comparison of dijet resonance searches performed at different center-of-mass energies or at different colliders.


This particular study investigates the application of Prolog and the associated technology of deductive databases to the realm of modern algebra. A relatively small, yet diverse, collection of information was chosen for the feasibility study. The 56 non-abelian simple groups of order less than one million have been studied in depth. In print are several tables of information such as minimal generating pairs, presentations, character tables, and maximal subgroups. The information is very heterogeneous in nature, involving formulae, tables, lists, arbitrary precision integers, character strings, irrational numbers, and rules for deducing information from the given facts.While very much a feasibility study, the work to date demonstrates that the Prolog deductive database technology is appropriate. More primitive data types, such as irrational numbers, infinite precision numbers, and tables would improve the efficiency of Prolog in this domain. More work categorizing user queries and incorporating the necessary facts and rules to answer them is required.


In this article the proposed Medical Image Fusion (MIF) technique uses combination of fuzzy membership val- ues as input to Pulse Coupled Neural Network (PCNN). We named the used PCNN model as Fuzzy-PCNN as the inputs are fuzzy in nature. The spatially co-registered medical images are multi-modal in nature. After decomposing the source medical images using Non-Subsampled Shearlet Transform (NSST) low frequency subbands (LFSs) are fused using the $\displaystyle \max$-selection rule. To fuse the high frequency subbands (HFSs), fuzzy member- ships using multiple membership functions are generated from a specific local-region of the HFSs' coefficients. Then an L2- norm based ensembling operation is applied to find out the resultant of them. These resultant fuzzy memberships are used as input of PCNN. Inverse NSST (INSST) is applied to the fused coefficients to get the fused image. Visual and quantitative analysis and comparisons with state-of-the-art MIF techniques show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


Anti–endothelial cell antibodies have been described in association with small vessel systemic vasculitides since the late 1980s. Opinions have waxed and waned about their importance. An early study from this group suggested they were present in 59% of 168 samples from patients with Wegener's


In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on the active contours model for change detection from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In order to increase the accuracy of the proposed approach, a new operator was introduced to generate a difference image from the before and after change images. Then, a new model of active contours was developed for accurately detecting changed regions from the difference image. The proposed model extracts the changed areas as a target feature from the difference image based on training data from changed and unchanged regions. In this research, we used the Otsu histogram thresholding method to produce the training data automatically. In addition, the training data were updated in the process of minimizing the energy function of the model. To evaluate the accuracy of the model, we applied the proposed method to three benchmark SAR data sets. The proposed model obtains 84.65%, 87.07%, and 96.26% of the Kappa coefficient for Yellow River Estuary, Bern, and Ottawa sample data sets, respectively. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to other methods. Another advantage of the proposed model is its high speed in comparison to the conventional methods.


"The Malayan Civil Service (MCS) is now known as the Malaysian Public Service, inherited its legacy from the British Public Service with significant fundamental changes taking place over the last 50 years" (Office of the Chief Secretary to the Government, 2013). The pursuit of effective public sector administration can be explained as a series of ideas, each representing a step, or increment, towards a complete theory of public administration. Daniel (1994) stated that they have assisted build an extensive tank of knowledge and public administration is a matter of human inquisition with ancient roots. Public administration is often characterized as an application of social and other sciences to public problems, thus bridging disciplines (Frederickson, 1976). He also said that public servants hired based on their expertise and oriented in the career service to be neutral politically and possess detailed knowledge of management techniques and practices as well as they serve for the public.


Experiments were undertaken to throw light on the controversial question of the relative value of local applications of heat and cold on the course of peritonitis. They are based on 119 animals. Of these, 9 were sacrificed in obtaining cultures. Experimental peritonitis was produced in dogs by the intraperitoneal injection of combined anaerobic and aerobic cultures obtained from animals in which a primary peritonitis occurred as a result of artificially produced obstruction of the cecal appendage. Peritoneal fluid was obtained with hypodermic syringe and needle and inoculated into tubes of meat digest broth, one test tube being incubated under anaerobic and the other under aerobic conditions. The 24 hour cultures of the 2 tubes were then mixed, and equal quantities of the resultant mixture introduced into the peritoneal cavity by hypodermic needles, the skin having previously been shaved and sterilized. The injection was uniformly made into the left lower quadrant at a point approximately midway between the umbilicus and anterior superior spine of the ilium. The animals were then divided into 3 groups. One group was used as control, and received no treatment except the administration of hypodermoclysis. A second group received, in addition to hypodermoclysis, a Leiter coil over the area of injection, through which a continual stream of cold brine flowed. In the third group a similar application to the abdominal wall was made, but hot water was passed through the coil. Observations every 3 hours included rectal temperatures and temperatures of the coil, the latter being obtained by a thermometer inserted between the lower surface of the coil and the abdominal wall. Hemoglobin estimation and leucocyte and differential blood count were made every 24 hours during the survival of the animal.


Objective: The role of ICP monitoring in patients with spontaneous ICH is unknown, andthe associated complications may offset its benefits. The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes of ICH p...


Existing distribution network is facing different challenges including power theft, over energy usage by residential loads, unbalanced loads on three phases. In this paper, an attempt is made to handle such disputes using Internet of Things (IoT), that helps power distribution companies to provide reliable and quality supply and to reduce losses occurring due to power theft. The developed system senses the power theft in a line by comparing current values at sending and receiving ends, if detected alerts the authorized personnel for necessary action. The system also measures the energy consumption of residential consumers and alerts the power supplier if it exceeds the contracted load allotted during open of service. In addition, it continuously monitors the related electrical parameters of each phase and attains the phase balance when any phase gets overloaded. The results obtained using the developed prototype proves the potential of emerging technologies to deal with afore mentioned challenges.


Consultant Psychiatrist in liaison Psychiatry, royal National orthopaedic Hospital, london, uK, email email@example.com Argentina and Brazil are two countries which have yet to recover fully from the crushing legacy of imperialism, dictatorship and inequality in their history. In this context, the rights of patients with mental illness have suffered, along with those of others. Since the restoration of democracy there has been a clearly expressed intention in law to mental health law profiles


Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, but increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation also plays a key role, driven by the activation of microglia. Aβ and tau pathology appear to spread along pathways of highly connected brain regions, but it remains elusive whether microglial activation follows a similar distribution pattern. Here, we assess whether connectivity is associated with microglia activation patterns.


We report the draft genome sequences of Cetobacterium somerae 2G Large and two Cetobacterium isolates, 2A and 8H, which may represent novel species. The isolates were recovered from the intestines of catfish, and the genomes will assist in research to understand their potential use as probiotics in aquaculture. ABSTRACT We report the draft genome sequences of Cetobacterium somerae 2G Large and two Cetobacterium isolates, 2A and 8H, which may represent novel species. The isolates were recovered from the intestines of catfish, and the genomes will assist in research to understand their potential use as probiotics in aquaculture.


Measurement methods of spatial distribution of molecules such as proteins and drugs at cellular-scale are required in many elds including pathology, pharmacology, etc. Recently, sanning type imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is intensively used for biomolecular analysis. However, the spatial resolution of sanning MALDI-IMS is limited by the laser focus diameter to about 10‒100 μm and inadequate for cellular-scale observation. erefore, we are developing a stigmatic MALDI imaging mass spectrometer, in which spatial resolution of sub-micron can be achieved irrespectively to the laser focus diameter. e experimental apparatus consists of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization (MALDI) ion source, a multi-turn time-ofight mass spectrometer (MULTUM) and a time and position sensitive delay line detector. Ion distributions at the sample plate are magni ed and projected with the ion optical lens system onto the detector. MULTUM which has four toroidal sector electric elds constitute a gure-eight trajectory is inserted into the ion ight path. e ion optical system of MULTUM satis es the perfect spatial and temporal focusing condition, so that the spatial distributions of ions before entering the multi-turn circuit are conserved a er circulation. A result of experiment carried out with our prototype apparatus indicate that an alignment accuracy of the ion optical system is critically important to obtain high quality ion image. us we designed new optical system as high rigidity block component to be assembled with high accuracy. We observed some samples for evaluating performance of our new apparatus. As a result, our evaluation experiment demonstrated that both the stigmatic observation of ion images with spatial resolution of 1 micro-meter and the mass resolving power of 10,000 was simultaneously achieved a er 4 cycles in MULUM with conservation of image. DOI: 10.5702/massspec.12‒48


T he rise of the digital age has transformed society in unimaginable ways. Our daily tasks have been woven ever so tightly into utilizing technology, whether directly or indirectly. The reliance upon computing devices and ser vices, especially the Internet, has never been greater and has sparked controversy over a " technology addicted " society. Almost everyone, including young children, has a personal electronic device and with these devices comes the emergence of our digital lives. We create digital profiles, post comments , share stories, and manage online accounts. However, our digital lives are not as carefree as we originally hoped. Personal information has become readily available to those with a digital " profile " and those with malicious intent looking to exploit this fact. Promoting the importance of computer security and making people more conscious of the existing dangers is something that has yet to become mainstream. The ACM student chapter at Technológico de Monter-rey in Guadalajara, Mexico, founded in 2012, has been working hard to change this and help protect students from cyber crime. In October of 2013, the chapter held a three-day conference on computer security to educate the student body about the existing dangers and share how students should respond if they become victims of malware or information theft. The first two days of the conference consisted of a security workshop. Students worked hands on with Kali Linux, a Linux distribution designed for digital forensics and penetration testing. The students observed first hand just how easy it is to have their information compromised and why it is important to protect your online information. Another workshop session put students in the place of the malicious user and exposed them to tools that could be used to gain unauthorized access to a database on a secure dummy server. The exercise was for educational purposes only with the intention of showing students how to secure their information. On the third day a lecture was given by Mr. Car-los Duron, a consultant at a company that focuses on providing legal assistance to victims of cyber attacks involving loss of information or money. The goal of the lecture was to provide examples of how easy it is for your computer to be attacked. By simply access-ing a webpage or opening a file that contains malicious scripts, the result could lead to a major breech of privacy. Manuel Becerra, chapter president, explained, …


Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is the most widely produced and consumed cereal crop in Ethiopia. It is a gluten-free crop with growing popularity worldwide. Unlike most globally important cereals, tef has not yet been bred for tolerance to soil acidity and to aluminium toxicity. This experiment was conducted to assess the quantitative responses among some grain and pasture varieties of tef. Strongly acidic soil (pH 3.94 and acid saturation of 78%) was used to evaluate the tef varieties. A highly Al-tolerant weeping love grass [Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees] variety, Ermelo, was used as a check. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications was used to evaluate the materials under limed and unlimed conditions. Measurements were taken on different root and shoot parameters. The result indicated the presence of genetic variability among the tef varieties for root length, shoot length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight. All the tef varieties were inferior to the variety Ermelo of E. curvula in their Al tolerance. The brown seeded tef varieties consistently showed better Al-tolerance than the white seeded ones. A similar pattern was also observed for tolerance indices, which were computed as ratio of each parameter under unlimed versus limed condition. Highly significant correlations (r>0.9) were observed for all the parameters used to assess Al-tolerance in this experiment. This first systematic work demonstrated the presence of genetic variability for tolerance to soil acidity and Al-toxicity within tef varieties. This variability suggests the possibility to launch strategic breeding of the crop with specific adaptation to acid soil prone areas.


Purpose: This study aims to find out the implementation of the program Corporate social responsibility by the company which is exemplified by PT Kimia Farma and how to implement the program from an Islamic point of view.
Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a qualitative method with the type of literature review or library research. The sample of this research is Corporate social responsibility conducted by PT Kimia Farma .Tbk which is quoted from the annual report of PT Kimia Farma .Tbk which is then reviewed and viewed from an Islamic perspective.
Findings: CSR activities can ultimately improve the standard of living and provide benefits for the company itself, the surrounding community, and the general public. Various CSR consists of economic responsibility, legal responsibility, ethical responsibility, and charitable responsibility. As exemplified in the case study by the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility by PT Kimia Farma.
Research implications: The results of this study are expected to contribute to the literature on companies by providing an illustration that CSR activities and views from an Islamic perspective are equally important business strategies in creating a superior sustainable future for companies that will have an impact on the social environment not only physically. but also the trust of local communities and stakeholders based on voluntary principles.


This chapter describes a series of experiments with eventually cumulative force, a series that originated among the reformist officials of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century. These experiments were targeted to what is now seen as gradual moves to construct an Ottoman collective identity. The chapter presents a theme that explains the many-tiered linkages among print, language, the political establishment, and reform by invoking the concept of a public. It discusses three strategies for the formation of an Ottoman Public. The chapter talks about Sultan Mahmud II, a promoter of the nineteenth-century Ottoman reform movement. A political theory gathered from Ibrahim Şinasi's journalistic writing provides a much clearer image of the Ottoman public than the Tanzimat rescript. Keywords: Ibrahim Şinasi; Ottoman public identity; Ottoman reform movement; Sultan Mahmud II; Tanzimat rescript


In a locomotive propelled by electric motors the motor action produces a set of stresses acting between the truck-frame, motor supports, and driving-wheels. The horizontal effort at the rail-head resulting from these stresses acts against the resisting forces of the locomotive, the principal items of which may be considered as: a. The rolling friction of the wheels on the track, acting at the rail-head. b. The resistance to acceleration due to inertia of the locomotive, and the resistance due to grades, acting at the center of gravity of the locomotive. c. The air resistance, acting at the exposed surface particularly at the head end. d. The resistance of the trailing load, acting at the draw-bar. The effect of the forces here discussed including the internal or driving forces acting between truck, motor, and wheels, and the external or resisting forces, produces a shifting or redistribution of the weight on the various wheels. In the following paper the attempt has been made to investigate the amount of this redistribution. The discussion is limited particularly to locomotives drawing trailing loads, since this redistribution of weight is particularly effective in the case of a locomotive exerting a horizontal effort at approximately the slipping point of the driving-wheels. Some of the general limitations and considerations applying to this particular case must be clearly defined.


A TLC method with densitometric detection is described for qualitative and quantitative analysis of seven azaarenes — acridine, benzo(h)quinoline, benzo(a)acridine (with benzo(f)quinoline), benzo(c)acridine, dibenzo(a,c)acridine, dibenzo(a,j)acridine (with phenanthridine), and dibenzo(a,h)acridine. The compounds were separated on RP-18/UV plates, in a horizontal chamber, with dichloromethane-n-hexane-2-propanol, 6:4:0.1 (v/v), as mobile phase. Quantification of the azaarenes was performed densitometrically by measurement of fluorescence intensity at 380 nm. Limits of determination were from 0.04 to 0.30 ng per spot. The method was used for analysis of the azaarenes in an extract of grilled meat after multistage clean-up based on tandem solid-phase extraction (SPE) on columns packed with Extrelut diatomaceous earth and the cation exchanger propylsulfonic acid (PRS). The concentrations of the benzoacridine and dibenzoacridine isomers were in the range 0.2 to 2.9 ng g−1 meat. The limits of determination in meat were 0.1 ng g−1 for benzo(a)acridine, benzo(c)acridine, dibenzo(a,h)acridine, and dibenzo(a,j)acridine, 0.2 ng g−1 for dibenzo(a,c)acridine, and 0.6 ng g−1 for benzo(h)quinoline.


It's important for the research of chaff jamming or anti-jamming to get the radar echo of chaff via computer simulation,but there are several disadvantages with the existed methods,such as large computation cost or no presenting different echoes from different system radar and so on.A brief analysis of chaff cloud characteristic is presented.After making a predigestion to the chaff cloud on the background of chaff dispenser of naval ships,a echo model is put forward.The chaff cloud is regarded as a filter,and the filter's output is the radar echo from the chaff cloud,which is the basic idea of this model.Computer simulation shows that the model is practical.


The article analyses some criticisms that have been made to C. Levi-Strauss's anthropology, focusing on those made by C. Geertz, given the fact that the latter have had great influence in contemporary anthropology. In this context, the article emphasizes the importance of Levi-Strauss's contribution to important themes, such as the relation of anthropology and politics as well as the political aspects of anthropological practice. Exactly because of the fact that those themes have arisen great interest of anthropologists of several different theoretical perspectives, and at the same time have not been developed by the French master, the article aims to indicate in an explicit manner the importance of Levi-Strauss's contribution to their analysis.


In a precedent paper a design process is described to achieve eigenstructure assignment using block poles. Systems described in state space equations are transformed to systems in matrix fractions description (MFD) and its desired eigenstructure is transformed to a desired latent structure, which is used to construct desired block poles. In this paper, the proposed design method is applied for attitude stabilization of a Lynx helicopter in hover. An input-output feedback configuration has been chosen for more generality, and to validate the results the output responses are compared to state and output feedback control responses.


In more recent years, radiologists have become increasingly aware of the importance of visualization of the vessels in and about a pathologic process. Concomitant with this realization have been the development and standardization of various techniques for performing these artériographie and venographic studies. In this paper we propose to review our clinical experience with intra-osseous venography, the newest of the venographic methods. Specifically, we have attempted in this investigation to 1) demonstrate the involvement of the azygos and hemi-azygos veins in diseases of the chest and mediastinum, 2) study the vertebral plexus in normal and pathologic circumstances and 3) determine the feasibility of detecting isolated neoplastic bony involvement earlier than by conventional methods. Our results are based on an evaluation of over eighty intra-osseous injections performed in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology of the Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Although the anatomy of the venous system appears to be well understood at the present time, some of the physiologic aspects of this system must still be subjected to further investigation. From previous studies it has been shown that substances injected directly into the bone marrow move into the general venous circulation in a relatively sluggish manner. LERICHE and D A COSTA found that the sluggish circulation observed in this region is due to 1) loss of the pulsatory character of the nutrient artery as it passes into the thin bony channels, with consequent decrease in arterial pressure, and 2) the phenomena of dilatation and contraction of intra-osseous vessels.