This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary inclusion of 100 g/kg and 200 g/kg purslane meal on yolk I‰ -3 fatty acids content, egg quality and productive performance in Rhode Island Red laying hens. Sixty-four hens of 30 weeks of age, with an average body weight of 2100 g, were randomly allocated into four treatments: 0 g/kg (negative control), 100 g/kg and 200 g/kg purslane meal, and 14.7 g/kg flaxseed oil (positive control) in the diet. Hens were housed in cages equipped with individual feeders and drinking troughs. They received food and water ad libitum and 18 h of light during 56 days. The inclusion of 200 g/kg purslane and 14.7 g/kg flaxseed oil in laying hens diet showed higher (P 0.05) parameters of egg quality such as egg longitudinal and transverse diameter, albumin and yolk diameter, yolk height, and yolk weight. Hens that received 200 g/kg purslane in their diet increased (P < 0.05) feed intake, egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion compared with those fed with the negative control. It was concluded that the dietary inclusion of both 100 g/kg and 200 g/kg purslane increases yolk I‰ -3 fatty acids content without any adverse effect on egg quality traits and productive performance of Rhode Island Red hens.


The results of paleosol studies in the dry steppe and desert-steppe zones within the northern part of the Ergeni Upland are discussed. The paleosols studied are buried under archaeological monuments (kurgans) dating back to the Latest Neolithic (5800 BP), Early Bronze (5000 BP), and Middle Bronze (4000 and 3700 BP) epochs. The main regularities of centennial dynamics of morphological and chemical soil properties in the studied region are analyzed. Microbial communities of buried and surface soils are characterized. Peculiarities of soil evolution in the region as related to climate changes in the past epochs (4-2 ka BC) are revealed.


theory of his training as a reviser.1 Some spirited claims have been put forth. E. M. W. Tillyard compares his apprenticeship to Dante's and Milton's;2 F. P. Wilson suggests that Shakespeare initiated the fashion of the chronicle play;3 and Leo Kirschbaum says, "It is quite probable that we shall find that even in these early efforts he was far ahead of what Greene, Peele and Marlowe could do."4 To support or modify these claims, it may be time to take a close look at the way Shakespeare learned his craft, and what we discover depends largely upon what comparisons we make. If the early plays are compared with his later ones, the apprenticeship will likely appear as a period of experiment which foreshadows Shake-


The study of baryon-baryon interactions are of fundamental importance in understanding relativistic heavy-ion collisions [1], modeling of astronomical objects such as neutron stars [2] and existence of various exotic hadrons [3, 4]. A detailed knowledge of nucleon-nucleon (NN) potentials exists in literature, at the same time very little is known about interactions between antinucleons. Similarly lack of scattering data for hyperon-nucleon (YN) and multi-strange hyperon-hyperon (YY) systems makes it difficult to construct YN and YY potentials. Very often the experimental information on bound states of hypernuclei is used to provide information on YN interactions [5], however, the contamination from many-body effects in these data makes the task of extracting YN and YY interactions extremely difficult.


With the ever-increasing population of non-native speakers (NNSs) of English around the globe to the extent of exceeding the population of native speakers, encountering foreign-accented speech (FAS) has become frequent and inevitable. In this paper, the author highlights English in its new position, and its impact on speech intelligibility. The concept of speech intelligibility is discussed as it correlates with accentedness. It is viewed as an indicator for successful oral communication. A review of the different factors that impact speech intelligibility, in relation to the speakers and others related to the listeners. Moreover, speech intelligibility is modulated in relation to the different factors. Finally, numerous measurement methods that have been used regarding assisting the speech intelligibility of English in general and the intelligibility of English variety are discussed in particular.


Purpose
Globally, information and communication technology (ICT) is regarded as a reliable tool that facilitates economic development and propels sustainable development. However, little empirical work exists on the specific effects of ICT access and usage on economic and sustainable development. This paper aims to investigate the nexus between ICTs, economic and sustainable development at the global level.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents ICT for Development (ICT4D) value chain empirical evidence on the linkages between ICTs, economic development and sustainable development goals (SDGs). The research model based on the capability approach is validated by using archival data from 130 global countries and partial least squares–structural equation modelling.

Findings
The findings reveal that ICT access and usage significantly influence a country's attainment of the SDGs. Whilst ICT access plays a crucial role in promoting economic development, ICT usage does not. Also, findings show that economic development significantly mediated the nexus between ICT access and SDGs but not between ICT usage and SDGs. This calls for countries to ensure that access to ICTs is accompanied by a low cost of usage to achieve the full benefits of economic and sustainable development.

Originality/value
Using the ICT4D value chain, this paper empirically shows how ICT readiness and availability in the form of ICT access and ICT uptake (individual ICT use) promote economic development and SDGs (impact). Furthermore, with many studies conducted on SDGs at the country level, this study provides a broader understanding of the roles of ICT access and use on SDGs at the global level. This allows for easy generalisability and reproducibility of results.


This study was to examine distribution of aerial mass colors and antibacterial activities of 39 Streptomyces isolates from soil, and potential genetic relation of the phenotypes by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Streptomyces griseus ATCC 10137 strain was also included as a reference strain (n =40). Identification was done by conventional and molecular approaches (16S rRNA and rpoB genes sequence homology). These sequences were further analyzed by using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) method to build phylogenetic tree for 16S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic tree showed a diverse evolutionary pedigree of the isolates in 6 major clusters. Based on International Streptomycetes Project 2 (ISP-2) media, the aerial mass colors observed were categorized as Yellow (n = 15), Grey (n = 9), Brown (n = 7), White (n = 6) and Others (n = 3). Antibacterial activities were assessed on Muller-Hinton agar (MHA) and Trypticase Soy agar (TSA) by perpendicular streak method against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella sp. and Enterococcus sp. MHA demonstrated 15 isolates with broad spectrum antibacterial activities and 18 as non-broad spectrum. On the contrary, TSA gave lower proportions with 15 and 9 isolates respectively. A high proportion of isolates with non-White color showed antibacterial activities to suggest a potential correlation. RAPD dendogram (a composite of three random primers) also clustered majority of them but segregated those of White color, which showed less antibacterial activities, in a different cluster. Thus, a correlation between aerial mass color and antibacterial property, with a potential genetic linkage, could be assumed.


1;ibroblast growth factors (FGFs) form a multigene family, at present known to contain nine members. 1 he FGFs are single-chain polypeptides, with molecular masses of between 15 and 40 kDa, that bind tightly to heparin and have a variety of important biological activities on appropriate cell types, including mitogenesis, chemotaxis and neuronal survival [ 11. Four receptors of the tyrosine kinase class are known together with some other binding proteins. There is a high degree of cross-reactivity between factors and receptors, but also some specificity between particular FGFs and receptor splice forms [ 21. Productive binding of FGF to the receptor requires the participation of cell-surface heparan sulphate, and causes the dimerization of receptor molecules and the activation of the tyrosine kinase. This leads to an activation of the signal transduction pathway leading to mitogen-activated protein kinase, which includes the products of the proto-oncogenes rus and ruf 13 I. Ikspite considerable knowkdge of the biochemistry and in ziitro activities of the IXFs, there is still a relatively poor understanding of their role in the intact animal. In this respect u e are fortunate in having at our disposal the Xenopus embryo, because this has turned out to offer a very favourable system in which to investigate the in vivo role of a family of growth factors. 7


Aim: to allot clinical forms of juvenile systemic scleroderma (JSSD). Material and methods: investigation and dynamic observation of 60 patients aged 14-54 (mean age 25.1 ±7.2) with onset of disease in child's and adolescent's ages from 1 to 16 years old ( in average 11. 4±3.8 year old) and disease duration from 1 to 39 years (in average 13.1 ±7.9). Results: 55% of patients demonstrated JSSD subtype with focal cutaneous lesion of different localization. The possibility of overlap-syndrome development in JSSD patients with onset in adolescent age typical for SSD-rheumatoid arthritis, SSD-polymvositis should be underlined. Conclusion: knowledge of different clinical forms and courses of the disease, modern diagnostics and early beginning of differential JSSD treatment will enable us to improve the prognosis and disease outcome.


Objectives
This study aims to elucidate the links between neuroinflammation, NADPH-oxidases (NOX) enzymes and neurological disorders (ND), prospectively assessing NOX2 activity in a cohort of patients affected by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and respective healthy controls.
Background
NOX catalyse the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which play a role in the development of ND, particularly whose generated by the phagocytic isoform NOX2. Increased ROS has been observed in the pre-clinical model of ALS (SOD1 transgenic mouse) and in ALS patients. There is also evidence that NOX are expressed and activated in patients with PD and other ND as compared to healthy controls.
Design/Methods
Neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst was measured directly in fresh blood using Phagoburst™ assay by flow cytometry. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), emitted in response to different stimuli, leads to produce ROS and corresponds to the percentage of oxidizing cells and their enzymatic activity (GeoMean). Sixty ALS patients, meeting El Escorial revised diagnostic criteria, and forty PD patients have been enrolled in the study. Healthy age- and gender-matched control subjects, chosen among patients caregivers, were also recruited following informed consent.
Results
Preliminary results put in evidence statistically significant differences between ALS patients and controls. Moreover, comparing the individual measured oxidative MFI with reference parameters, we verified higher out-range values in granulocytes and monocytes GeoMean in 63% and 23% of ALS patients, while this trend was reduced in the controls to 25% and 12%. Similar findings were found in PD patients (37.5% and 20%) and in controls percentage was 15 and 7 for granulocytes and monocytes.
Conclusions
Data currently obtained seem to suggest an involvement of NOX in the formation of ROS in patients with the analyzed ND. Next follow-up will be needed to confirm this hypothesis and better assess their role in ND.
Study supported by European Community9s Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 278611 Disclosure: Dr. Calvo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Salamone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marrali has nothing to disclose. Dr. Casale has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fuda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Caorsi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Amoroso has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zibetti has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rizzone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lopiano has nothing to disclose.


Given a particular view of the aims of religious education, teachers introducing Hinduism have certain professional responsibilities both to the Hindu tradition and to their pupils. A discussion of these responsibilities leads to the suggestion of some principles which might govern the selection of topics and the choice of teaching methods suitable for an exploration of Hinduism in the classroom.


In the present invention, use of the LDPC (low density parity check, LDPC) code in a communication system applying, more particularly, high-order modulation (High Order Modulation) scheme according to a channel encoding / decoding method and apparatus in a communication system, from structural LDPC code it relates to a channel encoding / decoding method and apparatus for generating a different code words in size. The invention proposes a method for obtaining the optimized puncturing pattern in consideration of high-order modulation scheme in applying the perforation (puncturing) or speed (shortening) in order to support various codeword lengths. Speed taken up speed when the necessary Next, when the information data bits are input to the encoding by the encoding method that is set beforehand by using the parity check matrix to generate LDPC codewords and transmitted by applying the optimized puncturing pattern. LDPC code, higher order modulation, perforated, speed, DVB-S2 LDPC code, the signal constellation bit map


Significance Many coastal vegetated ecosystems have declined, affected by human alterations to "bottom-up" forces such as nutrient loading from agriculture and by "top-down" forces such as overfishing of predators. Examining the interactions between such bottom-up and top-down changes is challenging, because top predators have disappeared from many of these ecosystems. A highly nutrient-loaded estuary in California recently colonized by a recovering sea otter population provided an unusual opportunity to examine these interactions. We demonstrate that top-down effects of sea otters mitigate negative effects of nutrient loading, enhancing growth of seagrass. Grazers that remove algae from seagrass are favored by decreased crabs resulting from otter predation. Recovery of top predators can thus support resilience of coastal vegetated ecosystems. A fundamental goal of the study of ecology is to determine the drivers of habitat-forming vegetation, with much emphasis given to the relative importance to vegetation of "bottom-up" forces such as the role of nutrients and "top-down" forces such as the influence of herbivores and their predators. For coastal vegetation (e.g., kelp, seagrass, marsh, and mangroves) it has been well demonstrated that alterations to bottom-up forcing can cause major disturbances leading to loss of dominant vegetation. One such process is anthropogenic nutrient loading, which can lead to major changes in the abundance and species composition of primary producers, ultimately affecting important ecosystem services. In contrast, much less is known about the relative importance of apex predators on coastal vegetated ecosystems because most top predator populations have been depleted or lost completely. Here we provide evidence that an unusual four-level trophic cascade applies in one such system, whereby a top predator mitigates the bottom-up influences of nutrient loading. In a study of seagrass beds in an estuarine ecosystem exposed to extreme nutrient loading, we use a combination of a 50-y time series analysis, spatial comparisons, and mesocosm and field experiments to demonstrate that sea otters (Enhydra lutris) promote the growth and expansion of eelgrass (Zostera marina) through a trophic cascade, counteracting the negative effects of agriculturally induced nutrient loading. Our results add to a small but growing body of literature illustrating that significant interactions between bottom-up and top-down forces occur, in this case with consequences for the conservation of valued ecosystem services provided by seagrass.


Reverend Humphrey Price was the son of a Kidderminster weaver. Ordained in the Church of England in 1797, from 1809 until his death in 1853 he was minister of Christ's Church in Needwood Forest, Staffordshire. In later life he acquired some celebrity as an unlikely advocate for the industrial and political rights of working people. Price came to prominence during the Kidderminster carpet weavers' great strike of 1828. He authored forthright publications attacking the actions of the manufacturers, which brought about his prosecution for criminal libel and a 1-year jail sentence. During the 1830s Price became active in the wider campaign for radical reform, severely criticizing the middle classes and the political and clerical establishment, whilst arguing eloquently for universal suffrage and working class representation in parliament. He embraced the emergent Chartist movement and remained involved for several years. Price's writings and activities were always informed by his deep abiding Christian principles.


The recent research developments of the recovery and reuse of PVC and its mixtures by pyrolysis are reviewed.The process,conditions,kinetic parameters,existing problems,and suggestions for improvement of PVC pyrolysis are discussed.Two of the important problems to be solved for PVC pyrolysis are the separation and recovery of HCl produced,and the minimization of the chlorocarbons content of the liquid product.Lowering pyrolysis temperature and increasing pyrolysis efficiency should be emphasized.


The recent policy trend in Inner Mongolia toward privatized household enclosures, on what was until recently regarded as common grazing land, is increasing social inequalities and contributing to the decline of the natural resource-base. The move towards household enclosures incorporates the neoliberal influenced discourse on conventional grassland science incorporating carrying capacity and succession theories. In addition, parallel moves by the state towards modernity and development more generally have down played the cultural knowledge base of these pastoral minorities. The paper discusses some preliminary results from a community-based grassland management project in Inner Mongolia and recent anthropological research in the region. This shows that a more serious concern should be given to incorporating multiple stakeholder perspectives and that a more critical position is required in order to understand the impact of enclosures in non-equilibrium contexts. In line with these findings, it is suggested...


Temperature dependence of the characteristics of a capiiiary-waveguide resonance are studied for greatly ab- sorbing mediums. A possibility of using of suggested method for measurement their frequency dependence is surveyed. Tem- perature influence on frequency, and Q-factor and electromag- netic field energy absorption is researched at the resonance.


Weekly period meanders and eddies are persistent features of Gulf Stream frontal dynamics from Miami, Florida, to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Satellite imagery and moored current and temperature records reveal a spatial pattern of preferred regions for growth and decay of frontal disturbances. Growth regions occur off Miami, Cape Canaveral, and Cape Fear due to baroclinic instability, and decay occurs in the confines of the Straits of Florida between Miami and Palm Beach, between 30° and 32°N where the stream approaches the topographic feature known as the Charleston bump and between 33°N and Cape Hatteras. Eddy decay regions are associated with elongation of frontal features, offshore transport of momentum and heat, and onshore transport of nutrients. Onshore transport of new nitrogen from the nutrient-bearing strata beneath the Gulf Stream indicates that frontal eddies serve as a "nutrient pump" for the shelf. New nitrogen flux to the shelf due to Gulf Stream input could support new production of 7.4×1012 g C yr−1 or about 8 million tons carbon per year if all nitrate were utilized. Calculations indicate that approximately 70% of this potential new production is realized, yielding an annual new production for the outer shelf of 4.3×1012 g C.


We report an experimental study of how the light-current char- acteristics and lateral mode properties of interband cascade lasers de- pend on ridge width. Narrower ridges provide greater heat dissipation due to lateral flow, along with operation in a single lateral mode. However, sidewall imperfections increase the cw threshold current density some- what, from Jth = 582 A/cm 2 at 300 K for an 11-μm-wide ridge to 713 A/cm 2 and 1.07 kA/cm 2 for 5- and 3-μm-wide ridges, respectively. The nar- rowest ridges similarly display a degradation of the slope efficiency. A 13-μm-wideridgeproduced45mWperfacetofcwoutputpowerandmax- imumwall-plugefficiencyof3.5%perfacetatT =20 ◦ C. A 5-μm-wideridge with 3-mm cavity length and no facet coatings operated cw at λ = 3.5-μm to a new record temperature of 345 K for the 3 to 4-μm spectral range.


This paper falls into three broad sections, the first two being published in this issue, the third in the Autumn issue of the BJMT. The first section attempts, through a brief introduction to the African philosophy of music and musical instruments, to explore the reasons behind the therapeutic powers attributed to music. The second section, which opens with an introductory discussion of the traditional African causal theory of ailments, discusses the relevance of the different uses of music in almost all traditional medical interventions in African society. The last section is an attempt to draw up an evaluative paradigm of some traditional music therapeutic practices and techniques in the light of modern music therapy. Several traditional music therapy practices are mentioned, but, overall, the paper does not have an anthropological bias. This paper is a partial report of current research into African traditional music therapy. The author's specific motive in undertaking such research is to present what is deemed valid and effective for consideration and/or integration in modern music therapy methodology and practice.


ABSTRACT When we graduate as dentists, we generally have very little knowledge of business from our education. Yet dentists by and large become small business owners very soon after graduation. In business everyone is paid in two coins:  cash and experience.  We have to take the experience first and the cash will come later . However to make survival of the fittest applicable in this competitive world we have to be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound. Therefore in this article, we focus on marketing dental practices within a style that will help dentists build a desirable marketing campaign which helps you record your dreams and goals and sets you in motion for becoming the successful Dentist you want to be;so as to put your future in good hands — your own. KEY WORDS Dentists,Fees,Marketing


As diffraction experiments in materials science move towards using harder x‐rays, the need for efficient multi‐detectors in the form of 1‐ and 2‐D arrays is felt. Silicon technology is not suitable for this, and germanium has the complexity of requiring cryogenics. Cadmium Zinc Telluride has emerged as the most promising compound for such applications. We describe our efforts towards providing a 1‐D strip detector suitable for high‐energy diffraction.


Several experiments and observations have revealed the fact that small local distinct structural features in RNA molecules are correlated with their biological function, for example in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Thus, finding similar structural features in a set of RNA sequences known to play the same biological function could provide substantial information concerning which parts of the sequences are responsible for the function itself. The main difficulty lies in the fact that in nearly all the cases the structure of the molecules is unknown, has to be somehow predicted, and that sequences with little or no similarity can fold into similar structures. The algorithm we present searches for regions of the sequences that, according to base pairing rules, can fold into similar structures, where the degree of similarity can be defined by the user. Any information concerning sequence similarity in the motifs can be used either as a search constraint, or a posteriori, by post-processing the output. The search for the regions sharing structural similarity is implemented with the affix tree, a novel text-indexing structure that significantly accelerates the search for patterns having a symmetric layout, like those forming RNA hairpins. Tests based on experimentally known structures have shown that the algorithm is able to identify functional motifs in the secondary structure of non coding RNA, such as Iron Responsive Elements (IRE) in the untranslated regions of ferritin mRNA, and the domain IV stem-loop structure in SRP RNA.


We demonstrate an optical filter to cancel 20 dB of various multipath self-interference components over a multioctave 600 MHz band centered around 400 MHz. This enables significant gains in transceiver effectiveness by enabling Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR).


Abstract THE decline in egg production with age is a matter of great concern to commercial poultrymen. A bird may lay a large number of eggs the first year, fewer the following year, and still fewer each succeeding year as long as it continues to produce eggs. Occasionally birds may lay approximately the same number of eggs in the first and the subsequent years, but such birds are an exception rather than the rule. Frequently birds lay a larger number of eggs in the second year than in the first but very rarely is there an increase beyond the second year (Ball, Alder, and Egbert, 1916). Nixon (1912), Hall and Marble (1931), and Hays and Sanborn (1933) have shown the existence of a high correlation between the first and the second year production, and Nixon also between the second and the third year production. Ball, Turpin, and Alder (1914) have shown . . .


A model is presented to approximate the elctrostatic contribution to the entropy change of the reaction for aqueous lanthanide-aminocarboxylate complexes. The procedure is outlined using La(3+)-EDTA complexation to predict the entropy change per carboxylate, the entropy change per amine, and the total entropy change. Good agreement exists between experimental and theoretical values.


Since September 11, 2001, ensuring the security of international freight transportation without compromising operational effectiveness has been a difficult and delicate balancing act. The author examines the transportation services sector, including transport suppliers and cargo owners, explores public policy perspectives and incorporates a discussion of North America's freight transportation's future under the Security and Prosperity Partnership. At ultimate risk is the economic prosperity of North America.


ID likelihoods and position likelihoods of an object are detected by a first observation device, and position likelihoods of the object and tracking states of the object are detected by a second observation device; thus, the object detected by the second observation device and the object ID are associated with each other by an association unit, and based upon information from the second observation device and the association unit, the ID likelihoods of the object detected by the second observation device are determined by a second object ID likelihood determination unit so that the object position is estimated by an object position estimation unit based upon the ID likelihoods and position likelihoods.


A first-order model with time delay for the coal-fired utility boiler based on macro energy balance is presented.The model builds up the dynamic relationship is built up by the model between the input heat from the coal,air and water and the output heat from the steam(including various heat losses).The comparison between the actual process data and the simulated output of the model is also given.This model can be showed the relatively high accuracy and applied for controlling of the enthalpy of the main steam.


The UK government has recently announced how the Covid19 virus has mutated, causing a surge in the cases in Essex, and other parts of England, however, this mutation had already been observed later in the Summer 2020 in a population of Minks and in Denmark. A "prescient" analysis of the mutation is explored in this short paper. Potential symptoms may involve not just high fever but more infections due to major cough expulsion from increased hydrosolubility of the viral proteins.


Summary An established line of canine kidney cells (MDCK-USD) of male origin was shown to contain 3 metacentric chromosomes and possess a modal number of 81. It grew rapidly in Eagle's MEM, displayed contact inhibition and was susceptible to vaccinia, VSV and influenza (PR8) viruses. Two additional MDCK lines, the parent line and another derivative from other laboratories, were compared to the USD line and could be distinguished on the basis of modal number and morphology of the metacentric chromosomes observed in each line.


This book is edited by Alison A. Carr-Chellman who is associate professor of education at Pennsylvania State University , and one of the leading figures in the field of e-learning. Total of sixteen authors contributed to the sections. Authors are varying from doctoral students to professors emeritus, but all of them are experienced in the field of e-learning and distance education.


Provided is a horizontal guide rail pumping bidirectional stimulated scattering simultaneous generation and enhancement device, characterized by comprising a signal light source (1), a dichroscope (2), a first half-transparent and half-reflecting mirror (4) backscattering signal light, a first half-transparent and half-reflecting mirror (5) forescattering signal light, an oval scattering medium container (10), a second half-transparent and half-reflecting mirror (5) forescattering signal light, a second half-transparent and half-reflecting mirror (4) backscattering signal light, and a forward scattering signal light detector (11) arranged in sequence along a light path. The reflection direction of the dichroscope (2) is provided with a back scattering signal light detector (3). The device also comprises a horizontal guide rail (7) arranged on the position close to the oval scattering medium container. The horizontal guide rail (7) is provided with a pumping light source (6) which can horizontally move along the horizontal guide rail. The pitch angles of the pumping light source (6) can be adjusted at will.


In the 30 years since the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Estelle v. Gamble (1976), the evolving standard of decency on which the decision was based has been better articulated and defined by other courts, using Estelle as a basis. This article addresses the practical, ethical, and legal issues in understanding the recent emphasis on planning for an inmate's release back to the community. Specific court cases and laws are discussed to highlight which inmate health and behavioral needs presently require comprehensive discharge planning and what can be expected in the future.


A diagnostic entity - atypical depression - was termed from clinical observations that depressive patients sometimes respond well to monoamine oxidase inhibitors treatment, many clinicians now use the term atypical depression for its clinical usefulness. Clinicaliy speaking, atypical depression occurs when depressive patients experience mood reactivity and two of the following features; significant weight gain or increase in appetite, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis, or longstanding pattems of interpersonal rejection sensitivity(DSM-Ⅳ). Even very young patients are apt to exhibit atypical patterns of disease. However, some researchers have suggested that as patients age, the disease would more likely be of an atypical nature. Atypical depression has less biological abnormality than non-endogenous or melancholic type depression, but its prevalence has yet to be determined or surveyed. In this article, the author has reviewed the conceptual changes of atypical depression and the ensuing clinical implications.


Six Exegetical Notes by Yang Shuda can be questioned.(1)Daimu is not cemu.(2)The phonetic component of didong is meaningless.(3)The phonetic component of fang is not a loanword.(4)Ting does not have two different meaning.(5)Ge is not the original style of ge.(6)Ruo is not an associative character.


Urbanization is a striking phenomenon, responsible for the development of cities as complex and highly dynamic systems. One of the most pressing issues in urban areas is water cycle management, which directly influences the availability and the quality of this resource. Urban streams are highly vulnerable to the impacts resulting from the increasing urbanization and they have often lost most of their pristine, natural character.

We hereby present the preliminary results of the multidisciplinary StrEams urbaN Ecological City plAnning (SENECA) project, which is not only but mainly devoted to characterizing the chemical features of stream waters and sediments of the Mugnone Creek (MC). MC is a typical example of an urban stream, crossing the city of Florence (Italy) and eventually discharging to the Arno River, that has suffered an intense denaturation due to the urban sprawl, such as several diversions, canalizations and rectifications, alterations of the stream bed and riparian habitat, widespread concrete revetment of the banks and burial of short stream tracts.

Different sites along the 17-km long MC were investigated for water and sediment geochemistry from upstream of the Florence urban area (“blank” sites) to the MC outlet (Cascine Park), passing through variably urban-impacted areas, including sites located along traffic-congested roads, close to the new tramway construction sites and under the railway line. Stream waters were sampled twice a year (June and December 2019 and 2020) to account for seasonal variability. Stream discharge at three representative points was simultaneously determined during water sampling to allow mass load calculations of contaminants. In details, major dissolved ions (Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, SO4, Cl, NO3) and reduced nitrogen (NH4), trace elements (TEs: Sb, As, Cu, Zn, Cd, Co, Ba, Li, Pb, Ni) and microplastics (MPs) in stream sediments and waters of MC were determined. Major dissolved ions and NH4 were analysed via acidimetric titration and IC. TEs were determined in both sediments and waters (0.45 μm filtered and unfiltered) by ICP-OES and ICP-MS, respectively. MPs (1 μm-5 mm) were identified in sediments and waters by HD binocular stereomicroscope.

Chemical composition (major element constituents) of water reflected both the seasonality and the progress of the water-rock interaction acting in MC from its spring toward the outlet. In addition, the pattern of abundances of Cu, Zn, Sb and Pb and especially their mass loads reflect the increasing anthropogenic impact on the water and sediments, even if is important to stress that the contents are within the limits defined by law, except for stream sediments at a few sites. For MPs, up to 109 particles, coming mainly from the NW side of Florence, are estimated to be discharged daily to the Arno River during the winter season, much higher than creeks with similar urbanization contexts worldwide. Increasing data collection will make it possible to identify and better understand what type of sources and processes are responsible for the anthropogenic impacts in the MC and could help in better safeguarding the creek within the framework of the urban social-ecological systems of Florence.


This research aims to determine the enhancement of students ' achievement and motivation after action, to know the difference in achievement and motivation to learn in the subjects of the youth through the cooperative learning model of the jigsaw type, describing the constraints of teachers in using the kind of unified learning model in Class 3 A Madrasah mu'allimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. This research is a collaborative class of action research. The subject of the study was a Grade 3 student of A Madrasah Tsanawiyah mu'allimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta 2021/2022, with as many as 31 students. This research focuses on the achievement and motivation to learn the Kemuhammadiyahan after implementing a cooperative learning model. Data collection techniques using observation, documentation, and tests. The data analysis techniques in this study used quantitative and qualitative descriptive. Based on the research achievements and motivation in learning, Kemuhammadiyahan, through the application of a jigsaw type cooperative learning model, experienced a significant increase. Thus the jigsaw type cooperative learning model can be applied to Kemuhammadiyahan subjects.


ABSTRACT The two crucial questions within entrepreneurship research are if entrepreneurs affect organizational performance, and if so, what specific strategies are employed by such entrepreneurs that generate high-level performance. This study tested the hypothesis that in entrepreneurial organizations, the culture that leaders construct leads to performance outcomes. Data on leaders' culture-building actions in 31 entrepreneurial firms were obtained from organization members. The measure of culture, using a well-validated assessment questionnaire, was obtained from the leaders. A year later, these chief executive officer leaders provided performance data. The study then tested whether the culture mediated the effects of leaders' culture-building actions on organizational performance. The mediating analyses conducted to support a causal path, suggesting that in entrepreneurial organizations, it is the entrepreneurial culture, initiated by the leader's actions, that mediates the enhancement of organizational performance outcomes.


The temperature dependent behaviour of a high power 4H-SiC PiN-diode was investigated by the adjustment of measured forward characteristics and quasistatic TCAD simulations in a temperature range from RT up to 773 K. The systematic analysis of the relevant physical parameters for the adjustment of measurements and simulations shows, that the predominating influence originates from the SRH (Shockley-Read-Hall) minority carrier lifetimes in the intrinsic region. The carrier lifetimes exhibit a negative temperature coefficient for temperatures above 673 K that disagrees with the theoretical models of the temperature dependence of the SRH recombination caused by just one effective type of impurity. The EH6/7 centers are the most promising candidates for additional recombination centers that become activated at higher temperatures and cause an increase in non-radiative carrier recombination that leads to decreasing SRH carrier lifetime.


Background: The repercussions of climate change threaten the population with an increased prevalence of extreme climate events. We explored the impact of climate change induced sea level rise (SLR) and tropical cyclone (TC) exposure on mental illness symptom prevalence. Methods Using three datasets, TC exposure scores were calculated for each subject to determine how exposure affects posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and major depressive disorder (MDD) symptom prevalence. Inundation mapping of various SLR and storm surge (SS) scenarios were performed for the susceptible region of Miami-Dade and Broward counties to determine the population impact of flooding. Results: We found an elevated risk of mental illness symptoms from exposure to more high- intensity TCs and identified demographic variables that may contribute to this risk. Furthermore, inundation mapping demonstrated severe and widespread impact of SLR and SS on the mental health of communities. Limitations: This study did not include data directly measuring comorbidity, resilience, preparedness, or ability to adapt to climate change. Also, multiple imputation using chained equations may have been imperfect. Finally, when conducting inundation mapping, static mapping may overestimate flooding severity. Conclusion: The impacts of climate change have been frequently studied in terms of physical health, natural disaster prevalence, and economic impacts, but rarely on mental health burden. However, it is vital that national, state, and local governments develop and deploy plans to address mental health needs along with expenditures for protecting infrastructure, the economy, and physical health from the combined effects of SLR and climate change-induced natural disasters.


Purpose The usefulness of the urine loss ratio in the early postoperative period for prognosis of long-term urinary continence after radical prostatectomy has not been fully determined. Materials and Methods All patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer at our institution between November 2015 and March 2021 were retrospectively included. We investigated the rate of continence achievement 1 year after surgery, as well as the associated risk factors for reduced continence achievement, classified by every 10% of the urine loss ratio. Results Of the 100 patients with available urine loss ratio data, 66 achieved urinary continence. Ninety-three percent of patients with urine loss ratios of ≤10%, 40%–75% of patients with urine loss ratios of 11%–80%, and 20%–36% of patients with urine loss ratios of >80%, achieved continence. The logistic regression analysis showed that the urine loss ratio severity, body mass index (BMI) of >25 kg/m2, and smoking history were unfavorable to achieve urinary continence. A BMI of ≤25 kg/m2 was favorable for urinary continence achievement, but only up to an 80% urine loss ratio. Nonsmokers achieved continence well, even with a urine loss ratio of >80%. Conclusions Classifying patients into three groups based on their urine loss ratios is potentially useful for urinary continence prognosis. Smoking and obesity were risk factors for continued urinary incontinence, although the prognostic accuracy was expected to improve when considering the severity of the urine loss ratio.


One of the most damaging weather events on the planet is drought. This phenomenon, it is a climatic affectation that society has faced historically, has seen increased its influence in the last decades, which has led to being considered as one of the biggest natural disasters in the world. The objective of this work is to characterize the 2014-2017 meteorological drought event and its impacts on the Cienfuegos province. The main results were that this meteorological drought event lasted six consecutive seasonal periods, generating a deficit in the provincial territory of more than 600 mm. The main impacts of the meteorological drought in the province became visible in livestock, sugar cane, rice, water supply and in the increase of favorable conditions for the occurrence of forest fires. These results highlight the urgent need for careful attention in the province to the repeated and harmful drought events, which, combined with high evaporation rates, lead to the depletion of soils and the reduction of groundwater reserves.


Electrochromic (EC) batteries realize the visualization of the energy level by the naked eyes, which exhibit great potential in various applications including smart windows and wearable electronics. However, limited by...


The particular experience of going to the country of School Graduates writer's makes School Graduates literature show the particular country's love knot.They not only are sentimentally attached to the warm land and the local resident which have once nurtured them,but also reasoningly scan and animadvert on the tribulation and lag of countryside.The complex and bitter country memory and the countryside sensibility of the School Graduates Literature consist of being interlaced with rejection by the attaching,fulling of warmth in the bitterness,and the enthusiasm with consciousness.


Carcinoid syndrome consists of the classic symptom triad of flushing, diarrhoea, and valvular heart disease. It occurs in the majority of patients with liver metastases. This report presents a 68-year-old female who suffered from chronic diarrhoea with a history of multiple admissions for the same. On evaluation, a Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed a terminal ileal lesion and bulky ovaries. Suspecting Neuroendocrine Tumour (NET) with carcinoid syndrome, a Gallium 68 DOTANOC (DOTA-1-Nal3- octreotide) scan was done which revealed somatostatin receptor expression in enhancing soft tissue lesion in terminal ileum as well as in bilateral adnexa. This confirmed the diagnosis of NET of the ileum and bilateral ovarian metastases. The patient underwent laparoscopic curative resection of the primary tumour along with bilateral oophorectomy. The patient was diagnosed with ileal NET and presented with clinical symptoms of carcinoid syndrome, yet did not have evidence of hepatic metastasis, but instead had bilateral ovarian metastasis which itself is a rare entity.


The article tries to describe the extra-linguistic component of the semantics of the German verbs of olfaction as a part of the German perceptual lexicon. Such an approach to studying word meaning within the so called broad conception of seman tics allows considering additional features that escape the researcher's attention under the traditional approach. The frame- semantic analysis of the German verbs of olfaction identified numerous slots constituting a certain frame of a certain verb of ol faction. The content of each slot is described in detail. The article examines the concept FORCE in the modern English language from the viewpoint of axiological linguistics. Origina lity of the study involves the reconstruction of a component of the axiological sphere expressed by this concept. The paper aims to provide the axiological description of the segment "Physical Force". Compatibility of lexemes representing the concept FORCE is analysed and the results are for the first time interpreted from the axiological viewpoint. The findings indicate that in the axiological sphere of the English linguistic worldview, physical force has a positive axiological status but, transforming into brutal force, it acquires negative axiological connotation.


This paper presents a dc-dc converter for fuel cell applications based on dc-dc Forward converters with inputs connected in parallel and outputs connected in series. The advantages of the proposed topology are the high static gain, the input current sharing and the use of a unique gate signal for all the switches, although interleaving techniques can also be employed. The paper presents the operating modes, main waveforms, modeling and control strategy for the proposed converter in continuous conduction mode. In order to validate the theoretical analysis, a laboratory prototype with input voltage of 26 V, output voltage of 210 V, output power of 900 W, commutation frequency of 50 kHz was assembled and experimentally evaluated as part of a hybrid microgrid. The obtained results are presented and discussed.


Using of the wind energy has become increasingly important as a renewable energy source and therefore is an increasing interest in exploiting it using a switched reluctance machine as a generator and optimize its characteristics in this domain. This work analyzes the generator mode of the switched reluctance machine in the direct coupling to the turbine shaft and coupled to the shaft through a gearbox.


In this article, I critically examine the New Zealand Human Rights Commission's interactive website the Voice of Racism, to highlight the limitations and radical potentialities of vernacular affordances for anti-racism campaigns. I draw on Melissa Harris-Perry's concept of the Crooked Room, to assert that online encounters across difference operate within a "crooked platform," which can problematize the recognition of marginalized bodies. I use a multimodal analytic technique called Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis to analyze the anti-racism campaign and explore the complex and interdependent relationship between user experiences and architectural structures of inequality. I show how vernacular affordances of platforms and audio-visual cues influence users' perceptions of self and "other" in relationship to their environmental reality. I encourage anti-racist activists to attune themselves to the often imperceptible tilt of digital platforms by listening and engaging in reflexive practices of digital recognition. Throughout this article, I maintain that our perceived alignment with digital platforms is an optical illusion, inequality remains an invisible structural feature of the online environments that we inhabit. The room is still crooked, we simply can no longer see the walls.


Digital circuits operating at subthreshold-voltage levels can achieve extremely low energy consumption. Typical applications include sensor processors with modest processing requirements that must run for long intervals on a low energy supply. The design goal is to minimise the total energy required for a processing task. Optimal architectures strike a balance between leakage and dynamic dissipation: if a unit is too slow, leakage energy is wasted throughout the system; however increasing the unit's speed may cost increased dynamic dissipation and leakage within the unit. We examine this trade-off through the simulation of a variety of adder architectures. The results show that for a 180 nm process, system leakage dominates adder switching energy. For all but the smallest systems, when the adder is on the critical timing path, overall energy consumption is minimized by choosing a fast tree adder. The results also show that high valency tree adders perform well at subthreshold levels in this process.


The synthesis, structure, and reactivity of the yttrium anilido hydride [LY(NH(DIPP))(mu-H)](2) (3; L = [MeC(N(DIPP))CHC(Me)(NCH(2)CH(2)NMe(2))](-), DIPP = 2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3))) are reported. The protonolysis reaction of the yttrium dialkyl [LY(CH(2)SiMe(3))(2)] (1) with 1 equiv of 2,6-diisopropylaniline gave the yttrium anilido alkyl [LY(NH(DIPP))-(CH(2)SiMe(3))] (2), and a subsequent sigma-bond metathesis reaction of 2 with 1 equiv of PhSiH(3) offered the yttrium anilido hydride 3. The structure of 3 was characterized by X-ray crystallography, which showed that the complex is a mu-H dimer. 3 shows high reactivity toward a variety of unsaturated substrates, including imine, azobenzene, carbodiimide, isocyanide, ketone, and Mo(CO)(6), giving some structurally intriguing products.


Purpose: The purpose of the study was to quantify functional aspects after unilateral carpal tunnel release. Psychomotor and sensory traits were studied. The hope is that this information will be useful to quantify recovery and capacity to return to work. The effect of work modifications required for individuals diagnosed as having carpal tunnel syndrome could also be monitored. Literature Search: The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome frequently results in surgery and prolonged work disability. In 1999, carpal tunnel syndrome ranked the highest in respect to number of days away from work amongst work place injuries in the United States. Nancollas et al. found that six out of 22 individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome changed from heavy to lighter work following surgery. An objective measure to quantify functional changes associated with carpal tunnel syndrome could quantify recovery and functional improvement and could permit quantitative evaluation of the capacity to return to work. A computer-controlled battery of tests for measuring subtle sensory and psychomotor deficits associated with carpal tunnel syndrome was developed. The areas measured were based on functioning activities performed in occupational tasks, such as tactually inspecting a surface for a defect or repeatedly pressing a key. References are available for previous studies on this computerized tool. Method: Participants were recruited sequentially from the office of two hand surgeons. All subjects were scheduled to undergo carpal tunnel release and had nerve-conduction studies that were indicative of carpal tunnel syndrome. Subjects with proximal abnormalities were excluded. Each hand was used as its own control for the evaluation of changes that occurred over time following surgery. The contralateral hand was used as a control to compare the effects of elapsed time without surgical intervention. Some subjects had bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, but only underwent one surgery during the course of the study. The subjects were tested immediately prior to surgery and at the time of their scheduled six-week visit. The tests included a patient rated survey and a computer controlled battery of tests. The computer-controlled tests included a gap detection test, and a rapid pinch and release task. Seventy-two hands were tested in thirty-six subjects. The mean average age was 49 years old. Five had worker's compensation claims. The surgery occurred in the dominant hand in 64% of the subjects. Forty-two percent had the Chow endoscopic procedure. The remaining 21% had an open procedure. Finger motion was encouraged after surgery. Strengthening started at three weeks post-operatively. Data collection included a patient survey related to symptoms and occupation. Results: The average gap-detection threshold for the index finger improved by 43% in the surgical group and 20% in the non-surgical group. The gap-detection threshold for the small finger improved 22% for the surgical group and 0% for the non-surgical group. The average pinch rate in the surgical group improved 18% and 7% for the non-surgical group. The intensity and frequency of symptoms decreased following surgery. Using a 1–5 scale, the average symptom-intensity score in the surgical group improved from 3.55 to 1.83 and the average score in the non-surgical group improved from a 2.11 to 1.71. The average symptom-frequency score in the surgical group improved from 5.81 to 3.68 and the average score in the non-surgical group improved from 3.68 to 2.65 Discussion: The magnitude of change in the functional performance on the psychomotor and sensory tests ranged from 18% to 43% in the surgical group and from 7% to 20% in the non-surgical group. Many of the subjects were either on restricted duty or were out of work following surgery. The sustained rest and reduction in physical activities following surgery may have contributed to the improvement in the sensory function of the index and small fingers in the non-surgical treatment group. Overall reduction in stress for both hands following the unilateral procedure may have benefited both hands. Another explanation for improved performance observed in both groups is that the improvements noted at the time of retest may have been due to learning effects rather than to improved nerve function. The improvements in the non-surgical group were not as great as those in the surgical group. Even slight improvement may have been temporary since 50% of the patients went on to have surgery on the contralateral hand. The differences and improvements that were observed in the non-surgical group indicate that the test battery may be sensitive to subtle recovery following conservative treatment. With regard to the sensory improvements that were observed in the small finger, previous investigators have observed that distal ulnar nerve compression can be improved with carpal tunnel release, thus improving ulnar-sided function. The study did not include a control group of healthy subjects, however in previous studies, healthy volunteers have been extensively evaluated. Nerve-conduction studies are rarely repeated due to costs and the noxious nature of the test. The psychomotor and sensory tests described in this study provide an alternative, noninvasive measure to quantify recovery. This battery of tests also indicates usefulness for monitoring functional improvement following surgical, medical and ergonomic interventions. Future studies should measure functional changes for a longer period following surgery.


A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, during rainy season of 2011 and 2012 to study the effect of nitrogen schedule and weed management in direct-seeded rice under irrigated condition. The experiment comprised of 24 treatments including all the combinations of four nitrogen schedule and six weed management. The results indicated that the minimum weed density, total weed dry weight and depletion of nutrient was recorded under nitrogen schedule of 1⁄4 2 WAS (week after sowing) + 1⁄4 4 WAS + 1⁄4 6 WAS+ 1⁄4 8 WAS, which was statistically at par with /3 2 WAS + /3 4 WAS + /3 6 WAS and significantly lower than other nitrogen schedules. The maximum yield was recorded under nitrogen schedule at 1⁄4 2 WAS + 1⁄4 4 WAS + 1⁄4 6 WAS + 1⁄4 8 WAS, which was statistically at par with /3 2 WAS + /3 4 WAS + /3 6 WAS and which was significantly superior over other treatments. Significantly lower weed density, dry weight and nutrient depletion were recorded under application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha fb bispyribac + carfentrazone (25 + 20 g/ha) and pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha fb bispyribac + ethoxysulfuron (25 +18 g/ha), which were significantly superior over other treatments.


In this paper we give a brief account of the relations between non-projected supermanifolds and projectivity in supergeometry. Following the general results (L. Sergio et al., 2018), we study an explicit example of non-projected and non-projective supermanifold over the projective plane and show how to embed it into a super Grassmannian. The geometry of super Grassmannians is also reviewed in detail.


The photosensitive ultrasonic attenuation that is observed in CdS is examined as a possible tool for studying photoconduction and optical properties in piezoelectric semiconductors. The theory of Hutson and White, describing the acoustic attenuation due to the interaction of low‐frequency lattice vibrations and mobile charge carriers, is adapted to fit the geometry of an experiment in which the change in the ultrasonic attenuation is measured when highly absorbed light is incident normal to the surface at which the acoustic wave is reflected. The equations developed predict that by measuring the photosensitive ultrasonic attenuation at different ultrasonic frequencies, calculations can be carried out to yield values for both the conductivity and the optical absorption coefficient. Some experimental results for the ultrasonic attenuation in CdS are reported. From these results, values for the optical absorption coefficient and the photoconductivity as a function of the wavelength of incident light are calc...


The invention discloses a live broadcast method, device and system and belongs to the field of network live broadcast. The method comprises the following steps: receiving live broadcast synthesis parameters sent by an anchor client; receiving at least two live broadcast video streams sent by the anchor client, wherein the at least two live broadcast video streams are corresponding to respective visual angles; synthesizing the at least two live broadcast video streams into a target live broadcast video stream according to the live broadcast synthesis parameters; and sending the target live broadcast video stream to at least one audience client corresponding to the anchor client. The at least two live broadcast video streams are synthesized into the same live broadcast frame by utilizing the live broadcast synthesis parameters, so that the problems of not high live broadcast quality and not stable frame in the live broadcast video stream due to repeated rotation of a camera in the live broadcast process are solved, and the effects that one live broadcast frame has different live broadcast visual angles, the live broadcast frame is more stable, and playability of outdoor live broadcast is improved are achieved.


In the process of parachute control for the first-stage booster, the working performance of the resistance umbrella is an important part of the recovery system. In order to solve the safety problem caused by the excessive opening load of the suspension line during the deployment, the opening performance of the drag parachute was analyzed to ensure the safety and reliability of recycling, the process of the inflation phase of a combination of the first-stage booster and drag parachute was studied. The two-dimensional mathematical model of the parachute inflation phase was established based on the formula for changing the area with twice-inflation, and the formula for the added mass of the inflation radius. The changes of the main influencing factors of the opening load during the inflation process are analyzed, and the theory is analyzed to validate the correctness of the model, then the influence of the change of key parameters on the recovery process is studied. Simulation shows that the larger the drag area of the second reefing stage, the lower the stable descent speed of the system, and the increase in the drag area of second reefing stage, inflation index and coefficient of added mass will increase the second peak of the opening load.


The objective is to analyze the scope of the National Civil Protection System (SINAPROC) and the National Health System (SNS), and its relationship to the attention of the Covid-19 pandemic. The study is within the approach to disaster risk, considering how the concretion of a threat, exposition and vulnerability can affect society. The first part makes a diagnosis of the impact of disasters associated with natural phenomena, as well as the evolution of the COVID-19. Subsequently, the legal framework underpinning both systems is discussed, considering their structure and components for identifying possible mechanisms of collaboration. Among the conclusions is that, despite being two vertical models of intervention, the legislation incorporates both health and disaster risk, which could complement each other. At the end of the pandemic, the strategy to strengthen the health risk management model should be evaluated from the disaster risk approach.


Recently "poetics" in the works of Simone Weil has been criticized widely. This essay interprets the image and metaphor of the Key words in La Porte, Weil's mystical poem written in her later days, by analyzing its structure, rhythm and language in connection with her other works and notebooks, and then we can reveal her effort to build some kind of continuity between the spirituality of ancient Greece and that of Christianity. It seems that this attempt betrays the tradition, but it still adheres to it.


The above title was given to this paper because I was invited by the Australian Catholic Historical Society to speak about my work over the past seventeen years as the first Executive Secretary to the Bishops' Committee for Justice, Development and Peace (now re-named the Bishops' Committee for Justice, Development, Ecology and Peace, to highlight the Australian Bishops' recent more explicit commitment to addressing ecological and environmental concerns). Reflecting on the paper's title, I see a need for one brief preliminary comment. When I speak of 'serving' the Australian Bishops I am reminded that, in this area even more than others, their own is more a serving than a commanding role. In promoting social justice and human rights, they are offering an essential service to both the Catholic and the wider communities. As the Pope has reminded bishops in his recent memoir, Alzatevi, Andiamo, they must 'serve while governing, and govern while serving'. Historical context My involvement in this activity commenced on 16 October 1987, when I took up my appointment as Executive Secretary to the newly formed Bishops' Committee for Justice, Development and Peace (BCJDP). To place the work in a wider historical context, I will summarise the way in which the Church in Australia had carried out its social justice mission at national level in the preceding decades. In the words of Cardinal Clancy, there was 'a continuing and wide-ranging commitment by the Australian hierarchy to the Church's social teaching during the century initiated by Rerum Novarum'. 'He was referring, among other things, to the influence of Pope Leo XIII's 1891 Encyclical Letter on the efforts of Catholic organisations and individuals to support more just conditions for exploited workers during and after Cardinal Moran's period as Archbishop of Sydney; to the growth of socially and politically active lay movements in the 1930s and 1940s following the appearance of Pope Pius XI's Encyclical Quadragesimo Anno; and to the initiative taken by the Australian Bishops from 1940, when they launched the first in a long (and still continuing) series of annual statements marking Social Justice Sunday. It is outside the scope of this paper to go into detail about most of this period. Some of its features have been explored by writers like Patrick O'Farrell, James Murtagh, Bruce Duncan, Paul Ormonde, B. A. Santamaria, James Griffin, Gerard Henderson, Ross Fitzgerald, Jeff Kildea, Paul Smyth and Michael Hogan. A comprehensive history of the Church leadership's undertakings in the social justice field in Australia since 1891 is still awaited, although Michael Hogan in particular has paved the way for such a project with his two books, Australian Catholics: The Social Justice Tradition (1993) and The Sectarian Strand: Religion in Australian History (1987), and his two annotated collections of the annual Social Justice Statements published between 1940 and 1987, Justice Now (1990) and Option for the Poor (1992). (2) Hogan's second collection brings us to the point where I can begin to speak from personal experience of the work carried out in this area by and on behalf of the Australian bishops since May 1987, when the BCJDP was formed at a plenary meeting of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference and it was decided to employ a full-time Executive Secretary to service that Committee. These events occurred in a controversial context. Since 1972, an agency named (from 1976) the Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace (CCJP) had been operating at national level under the Bishops' supervision. One of the responsibilities of this mainly lay entity had been to continue the traditional annual preparation and publication of social justice statements. Usually endorsed by the Bishops but with some dissenters at times, the documents dealt with such subjects as population, morality in public life, the situation of Australian women, immigration, the rights of indigenous people, unemployment, housing, youth and peacemaking. …


Six deep convective systems (DCSs) with a total of 5589 five‐second samples and a range of temperatures from −41°C to 0°C during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) were selected to investigate the ice cloud microphysical properties of DCSs over the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. The ice cloud measurements of the DCS cases were made by the University of North Dakota Citation II research aircraft, and the ice cloud properties were derived through the following processes. First, the instances of supercooled liquid water in the ice‐dominated cloud layers of DCSs have been eliminated using multisensor detection, including the Rosemount Icing Detector, King and Cloud Droplet Probes, as well as 2DC and Cloud Imaging Probe images. Then the Nevzorov‐measured ice water contents (IWCs) at maximum diameter Dmax < 4000 µm are used as the best estimation to determine a new mass‐dimensional relationship. Finally, the newly derived mass‐dimensional relationship (a = 0.00365, b = 2.1) has been applied to a full spectrum of particle size distributions (PSDs, 120–30,000 µm) constructed from both 2DC and High‐Volume Precipitation Spectrometer measurements to calculate the best‐estimated IWCs of DCSs during MC3E. The averages of the total number concentrations (Nt), median mass diameter (Dm), maximum diameter (Dmax), and IWC from six selected cases are 0.035 cm−3, 1666 µm, 8841 µm, and 0.45 g m−3, respectively. The gamma‐type‐size distributions are then generated matching the observed PSDs (120–30,000 µm), and the fitted gamma parameters are compared with the observed PSDs through multimoment assessments including first moment (Dm), third moment (IWC), and sixth moment (equivalent radar reflectivity, Ze). For application of observed PSDs to the remote sensing community, a series of empirical relationships between fitted parameters and Ze values has been derived, and the bullet rosette ice crystal backscattering relationship has been suggested for ground‐based remote sensing.


The 4th-c. Villa del Casale outside Piazza Armerina is one of the best-known Roman villas. Justly famous for its extraordinary mosaics and fine architecture, it has also served as the prime exemplar of the Late Roman 'great estate', its luxurious living quarters signaling an alleged retreat of élites to the countryside, the growth of the so-called latifundia, and the evolution away from in-house slave labor towards tenancy.1 New excavations at the villa are beginning to yield a more precise account of its post-Roman chronology,2 but there has been little systematic research on the surrounding landscape.3 No systematic field survey has been undertaken to document the farms and other settlements that occupied its agrarian hinterland, and the local road-network that transported its produce to market is understood in only an impressionistic fashion.4 Assessments of the villa's economic basis, its managerial and tenurial arrangements have benefitted from little archaeological input, except from the site of Sofiana (figs. 1-2), located c.6 km to the southwest across the Nociara river and identified as the statio or mansio Philosophiana of the Antonine Itinerary (88.2) both on the basis of tiles bearing the FIL-SOF mark found at the site5 and from its correspondence with the Itinerary's mileage figures on the cross-island route from Catania to Agrigento. The name with its -iana ending has been read as an adjectival, presumably Philosophiana, modifying praedia (estate).6 The Villa del Casale has thus been identified as


Just over thirty years ago, in the High Court decision Huakina Development Trust v Waikato Valley Authority, Justice Chilwell famously stated: "There can be no doubt that the Treaty is part of the fabric of New Zealand society".[1] At a symposium celebrating 30 years of the Huakina decision, Tom Bennion described the judgment as "a marker, a significant new structure sticking out in the legal landscape, indicating the shape of arguments to come."  This collection of work brings together a range of arguments for our time as to the meaning and importance of the Treaty of Waitangi shaped by different perspectives as to its context and history.

[1] [1987] 2 NZLR 188, at 210. As a result of that case, the Treaty is now part of the context in which legislation which impinges upon its principles is to be interpreted, even where a statute is silent as to the Treaty or its principles.


This book is about objects, images and time. It is about how objects and images relate to and shape notions of temporality and history. While notions of time and history have been studied ethnographically and comparatively, their nexus with nonverbal forms of communication and particularly with objects and images have been overlooked. Recent important studies have shed light on the continuities between graphic and artefactual systems and forms of memory. Such studies have so far privileged a comparative and synchronic perspective (Severi 2015) or that of individual societies (Küchler 2002, 2009; Erikson 2007; Heckenberger 2007). What we aim to do in this book is to look at the interrelations between image and artefactual systems and conceptual and operational systems demanding of notions of time and history. We will explore the temporality inhering in images and artefacts from a comparative perspective, bringing together ethnographic studies from Amazonia and Melanesia.


Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease. Due to limited information, MBC has always been understudied. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study by using the 2010–2014 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program data. The clinical and biological features of female breast cancer (FBC) patients were compared with MBC patients. Survival curves were constructed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox regression models and competitive risk models were separately built to identify factors associated with survival time in the MBC and FBC group. Our retrospective study showed that MBC patients suffered with higher TNM stages, higher grades, and more percent of hormone receptor–positive tumors, compared with FBC patients. In addition, the site of the primary breast cancer varied greatly different between genders. FBC patients demonstrated superior overall survival than MBC patients on Kaplan-Meier analysis. In multivariate COX analysis for FBC patients, older age, black race, higher T, N, M-stages, higher grades, estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative were associated with higher risk of death. MBC patients had similar independent prognostic factors, but PR and HER-2 status did not appear to independently influence survival. Interestingly, primary site location was an independent prognostic factor for both MBC patients and FBC patients, which should be considered by clinicians as a prognostic factor.


To the Editor. — In the recent article entitled "Sleep Deprivation and Resident Performance," 1 the authors conclude that sleep deprivation associated with an every-other-night on-call schedule does not adversely affect patient care. However, the evidence presented in their article does not support that conclusion. In making the critical decision to define sleep deprivation by a cutoff point of less than 4 hours' uninterrupted sleep, the authors stated that this is what appears to be the minimum requirement for a beneficial effect on cognitive performance in studies of nonphysicians. If the thrust of their article is that sleep deprivation does not affect cognitive and motor performance of residents, the logical conclusion must be either that the authors' original definition of sleep deprivation is flawed or that physicians are somehow physiologically different from other human beings. Also, the use of the residents as their own controls is extremely questionable in a


We study the holographic entanglement entropy in a (d+1)-dimensional boundary quantum field theory at both the zero and finite temperature. The phase diagrams for the holographic entanglement entropy at various temperatures are obtained by solving the entangled surfaces in the different homology. We also verify the Araki-Lieb inequality and illustrate the entanglement plateau.


In the framework of a complete vector-like and universal gauged SU(3)_F family symmetry, we report a global region in the parameter space where this approach can account for a realistic spectrum of quark masses and mixing in a 4 x 4 non-unitary V_{CKM}, as well as for the known charged lepton masses and the squared neutrino mass differences reported from neutrino oscillation experiments. The $SU(3)_F$ family symmetry is broken spontaneously in two stages by heavy SM singlet scalars, whose hierarchy of scales yield and approximate SU(2)_F global symmetry associated to the almost degenerate boson masses of the order of the lower scale of the SU(3)_F SSB. The gauge symmetry, the fermion content, and the transformation of the scalar fields, all together, avoid Yukawa couplings between SM fermions. Therefore, in this scenario ordinary heavy fermions, top and bottom quarks and tau lepton, become massive at tree level from Dirac See-saw mechanisms, while light fermions, including light neutrinos, obtain masses from radiative corrections mediated by the massive gauge bosons of the SU(3)_F family symmetry. The displayed fit parameter space region solution for fermion masses and mixing yield the vector-like fermion masses: M_D \approx 3.2 \,TeV, M_U \approx 6.9 \,TeV, M_E \approx 21.6 \,TeV, SU(2)_F family gauge boson masses of $\mathcal{O} (2 TeV)$, and the squared neutrino mass differences: m_2^2-m_1^2 \approx 7.5 x 10^{-5}\;eV^2, m_3^2-m_2^2 \approx 2.2 x 10^{-3}\;eV^2, m_4^2-m_1^2 \approx 0.82\;eV^2.


Abstract The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial part of Nepeta prostrata, flowers of N. straussii, which are endemic to Iran, aerial parts of N. saccharata and leaves of N. pungens have been analyzed by a combination of GC and GC-MS. The oils of N. prostrata and N. straussii were rich in 1,8-cineole (26.1 % and 22.1 %) and β-pinene (13.6 % and 12.1 %), respectively. The other main component of the first oil was myrtenol (11.8 %) and in the latter one was germacrene-D (18.5 %). The major components of the oil of N. saccharata were neo-isomenthol (18.6 %), hexadecanoic acid (12.1 %), 1,8-cinole (11.7 %) and germacrene- D (11.6 %). (E)-Sesquilavandulol (39.5 %), β-caryophyllene (14.7 %) and caryophyllene oxide (11.6 %) were the predominant compounds in the oil of N. pungens. All oils consisted mainly of oxygenated monoterpenes except that of the N. pungens, which was rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes.


Consider the problem of simultaneously transmitting two data streams over a slow fading point-to-point channel, where the transmitter has no knowledge of the channel state information (CSI) while the receiver has perfect CSI. Two classes of data are transmitted: delay constrained (DC), restricted to be decoded shortly after receipt; and non delay constrained (NDC) which may use long codewords exploiting the channel ergodicity. A previous work characterized a setting, without cooperation between encoders of the different streams. This work studies the case of encoders cooperation. Rate region for the DC vs. NDC streams is obtained by providing achievable lower bounds, and tight outer bounds. Two main cooperative encoding schemes are considered. The first scheme uses short block Dirty Paper Coding (DPC) of the DC stream against the NDC as codeword, per DC block. Numerical results show that the first scheme does not improve the non-cooperative encoding (NCE) rate region. In a second scheme the notion of Dirty Notes Coding (DNC) is introduced, where DNC is encoded against genie aided DC data, providing a tight upper bound for the rate region.


Women's medicine highlights British female doctors' key contribution to the production and circulation of scientific knowledge around contraception, family planning and sexual disorders between 1920 and 1970. It argues that women doctors were pivotal in developing a holistic approach to family planning and transmitting this knowledge across borders, playing a more prominent role in shaping scientific and medical knowledge than previously acknowledged.


The coordination geometry of the CoII atom in the title complex, [Co(NCO)2(C12H12N6)2]n or [Co(NCO)2(bbtz)2]n, where bbtz is 1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-methyl)benzene, is distorted octahedral, in which the CoII atom lies on an inversion centre and is coordinated by four N atoms from the triazole rings of four symmetry-related bbtz ligands and two N atoms from two symmetry-related monodentate NCO− ligands. The CoII atoms are bridged by four bbtz ligands to form a two-dimensional (4,4)-network.


Diffuse peritoneal and especially periportal invasion of Burkitt lymphoma is very rarely seen. We present a case of a 16-year-old boy presenting with abdominal pain and constipation, without improvement after enemas. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a diffuse infiltrating peritoneal mass, omental caking, ascites, and a periportal mass, confirmed by computed tomography (CT). No lymphadenopathies were seen. Biopsy was performed and the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma was made. Although very rare, it is important to include lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of diffuse peritoneal and periportal invasion in children, as it can mimic peritoneal carcinomatosis.


The East China Sea is one of the marginal basins of the west Pacific Ocean and one of the huge sedimentary basins of Cenozoic era in China,which has good propects of oil and gas.Geological surveys show that regional tectonics of the East China Sea is a pattern alternated by rise and depression trending NE30***********o.This pattern is similar to the deformation of a rectangular thin plate girder when its west and east sides are under the axical pressure and counterclokwise shearing force while its sorth and north sides are subject to clockwise shearing force.Therefore,we simulate the East China Sea area with this model.Furthermore by using the finite element method,we also calculate the principal stress field distribution,with which we further work out the geological tectonic map of the East China Sea and analyse the character of fracture zones as well as the second basins and rises in this area.It: is possible that some of the local tectonics may prove to be reservoirs of oil and gas.


Niobium has been found to oxidize in a complex manner. At 400 deg C and lower a slow rate of reaction is observed with the kinetics foilowing the parabolic rate law. At a weight gain of 55 to 70 mu g/cm/ a transition in the kinetics occurs to a nearly linear rate law. Between 550 deg and 625 deg C the oxidation rate is nearly constant as a function of temaperature, while above 625 deg C the oxidation rate again increases with the temperature. The adherence of the oxide is poor above the transition point. (auth)


Abstract In this paper a boundary value problem is considered generated by the Sturm–Liouville equation and non-separated boundary conditions, one of which contains a spectral parameter. We give a uniqueness theorem, develop an algorithm for solving the inverse problem of reconstruction of boundary value problems with spectral data. We use the spectra of two boundary value problems and some sequence of signs as a spectral data.


Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) involves artificially recharging and storing water into an aquifer to recover it during times of drought. This water can also serve to raise local water table levels in aquifers connected to rivers, thus having the potential to augment low river levels through baseflow. Considering that a significant proportion of rainfall falling over urban environments is converted into runoff, it is worth exploring the opportunity and feasibility of using MAR with urban runoff as the recharge water source. In this process, stormwater must be captured, stored and pre-treated before it is recharged into the subsurface. Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) are ideal for this purpose and, therefore, a SuDS/MAR scheme can be envisaged in an urban setting. Barriers and opportunities arising from implementing such a scheme are explored for the Cray catchment, South London. The analysis follows a stepwise methodology examining whether (i) sufficient quantity can be captured, (ii) a suitable aquifer is found locally, (iii) there is sufficient space for SuDS development and (iv) water quality constraints can be dealt with given aquifer protection regulation. Given the relative temporal distribution of rainfall, groundwater levels and river flow, results indicate there is some potential benefit for river flow augmentation. However, the insufficient thickness of the utilized unconfined aquifer limits the recharge flow rate. Controlling the rate ensures no groundwater flood risk. Although benefits are limited in the present study, schemes under more favorable conditions might become increasingly needed in a context of future climate uncertainty where the marginal environmental and economic costs for additional storage capacity in surface reservoirs are expected to rise sharply.


We consider a method for developing a radio-wave propagation prediction model in a mountainous forested area. A new path loss development approach uses a free-space path loss (FSPL) model and an empirical path loss model. To improve the prediction accuracy, the transmission path distance, free space area, and forest area were calculated separately. We obtained the transmission path distance for free space and forest areas from the digital surface model (DSM), which represents surface elevation information, including vegetation and object height. In this study, the results showed that by combining the empirical model with FSPL for free space area, the accuracy for all the empirical models was improved. We confirmed that the transmission distance calculation of the free space area and forest area with a combination of the empirical models showed a better performance than the model with physical distance. The predicted model results were validated using the actual radio wave propagation in the 920 MHz band measurement data. The overall path loss prediction accuracy was improved for the empirical models average of 8.05 dB on the experimental data.


Background. The current method for assessing progressive disease (PD) in glioblastoma is according to the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria. Bevacizumab-treated patients may show pseudo-response on post-contrast T1w, and a more infiltrative non-enhancing growth pattern on T2w/FLAIR-images. We investigated whether the RANO criteria remain the method of choice for assessing bevacizumab-treated recurrent glioblastoma when compared to various volumetric methods. Methods. Patients with assessable MRI-data from the BELOB-trial (n=148) were included. Patients were treated with bevacizumab, lomustine, or both. At first and second radiological follow-up (6 and 12 weeks) PD was determined using the 2D RANO criteria and various volumetric methods based on enhancing tumor only and enhancing plus non-enhancing tumor. Differences in overall survival (OS) between PD and non-PD patients were assessed with the log-rank test and a cox-model. Hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence-intervals were determined. Results. For all patients together, all methods (except subtraction of non-enhancing from enhancing volume at first follow-up) showed significant differences in OS between PD and non-PD patients (p<.001). The largest risk-increase for death in case of PD at both first and second follow-up was found with the RANO criteria: HR = 2.81 (95% CI, 1.92-4.10) and HR = 2.80 (95% CI, 1.75-4.49) respectively. In the bevacizumab-treated patients, all methods assessed showed significant differences in OS between PD and non-PD patients. There were no significant differences between methods. Conclusions. In the first 12 weeks, volumetric methods did not provide significant improvement over the RANO criteria as a post-treatment prognostic marker. 2 Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam


For the fi rst time by means of chemical methods and standard operating procedures in the natural conditions of Caucasian Mineralnye Vody the qualitative composition and assay content of polyphenol compound of Polygonum (Reynoutria) sachalinense introduced was identifi ed. Polygonum (reynoutria) sachalinense contains a signifi cant quantity of polyphenol compound that can determine antioxidant activity of the given plant. The most informative methods and manufacturing methods of polyphenol compound identifi cation of Polygonum (reynoutria) sachalinense were established. Such compounds as rutin, dihydroquercetin, chicory acid, ferulic acid , caffeic acid and neoсhlorogenic аcid were identifi ed which gives indication to suppose that this plant can be used (after certain pharmacological and clinical testing) for prevention and treatment such diseases as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and others.


Background: In the past three decades, the concept of disability has shifted from individual impairment to a more social phenomenon. Thus disability became a complex phenomenon. It is social problem where the disabled population become a liability to the society. Interventions usually included medical rehabilitation and the provision of social assistance. Poverty can cause disability with its associated malnutrition, poor health services, improper sanitation, unsafe living and working conditions. Objective: 1. To assesses the socio demographic distribution of disability. 2. To study the pattern and extent of rehabilitative services provided to the disabled persons in rural area of Tamil Nadu. Materials and Method: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2010-and December 2011 in randomly selected 19 villages of Lalgudi Taluk of Trichy district Tamil Nadu state, India. Method: The age group of population between 5- 70 years were included. The minimum sample size was 15600. After adding the non response error of 5% another 780 people were added and total studied population was 16,404 at the field practice area of Valadi a Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC), of Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Trichy. Data were analysed by means, proportions and Chi-Square test. Results: In the study area it was noticed that overall disability rate was 0.85%, and both male and female disability rate was almost same (0.8%). The studied population comprised of Hindu (82.4%), Christians (12.8%) and Muslims (2.8%). The community status of studied population majority 86 (61.4%) were belonging to Backward category (BC). The physical status of disability showed the majority of them were locomotor type (44.2%) followed by mental disorder (27.8%), Deaf & Dumb (13.5%), and Visual (10.0%). Majority of the disabilities were due to the congenital causes 85 (60.7%), second most common cause was accident 29 (20.7%). Out of 140 disabled, only 61 (43.5%) were assisted with financial support, and remaining 79 (56.5%) were not supported by any type of assistance. Conclusion and Recommendation: Disability has emerged as an important public health problem in our study area. There is a large gap found between the felt need of the disabled and service provided to them by the government and other organizations. There is a need for community assistance and community based rehabilitation (CBR).


Pancreatic progenitor cells (PPC) are an early developmental multipotent cell type that give rise to mature endocrine, exocrine, and ductal cells. To investigate the extent to which regulatory variants active in PPC contribute to pancreatic complex traits and disease in the adult, we derived PPC from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of nine unrelated individuals and generated single cell profiles of chromatin accessibility (snATAC- seq) and transcriptome (scRNA-seq). While iPSC-PPC differentiation was asynchronous and included cell types from early to late developmental stages, we found that the predominant cell type consisted of NKX6-1+ progenitors. Genetic characterization using snATAC-seq identified 86,261 regulatory variants that either displayed chromatin allelic bias and/or were predicted to affect active transcription factor (TF) binding sites. Integration of these regulatory variants with 380 fine-mapped type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk loci identified regulatory variants in 209 of these loci that are functional in iPSC-PPC, either by affecting transcription factor binding or through association with allelic effects on chromatin accessibility. The PPC active regulatory variants in 65 of these loci showed strong evidence of causally underlying the association with T2D. Our study shows that studying the functional associations of regulatory variation in iPSC-PPC enables the identification and characterization of causal SNPs for adult Type 2 Diabetes.


Noise measurements were obtained on models of jet-augmented lift systems which are currently being considered for use on proposed short takeoff and landing vehicles. These configurations included a conventional internally blown flap, an augmenter wing, an externally blown flap, and modifications of these basic concepts. The tests were conducted in the Langley anechoic noise facility at zero forward speed with cold air jets. The conventional internally blown flap exhibited lower noise levels than the augmenter wing and the externally blown flap at the same pressure ratios, being of the order of 8 dB or more at the lowest pressure ratio and of the order of 20 dB at the highest pressure ratio of the tests. The data also indicated that for the conventional internally blown flap, there may be an optimum gap size (other than zero) between the turning lip and the flap leading edge from the standpoint of minimum noise generation or admittance. Increasing the trailing-edge thickness of the plain internally blown flap produced no appreciable change in the overall sound pressure level or frequency spectral content in the range of the tests. The data indicated that at a position on the ground directly under the jet exit, the externally blown flap and the augmeter-wing overall noise levels are comparable to each other throughout the pressure range of the tests.


Using the method of experimental ecology,the effects of Chlorella sp.,Pavlova viridis,Nitzschia closterium f.minutissima,Platymonas subcordiformis,Nannochloropsis oculata and Isochrysi zhanjiangensis on ingestion and growth rate of juvenile Sinonovacula constricta were studied.The results showed that: the clearance rate of juvenile S.constricta increased with the concentration of the six species of microalgae.But when it reached a certain concentration,the filtration rate decreased.At the same concentration,the filtration rate of P.viridis,N.closterium f.minutissima and I.zhanjiangensis which had the medium size was much higher than P.subcordiformis which had the big size,Chlorella sp.and N.oculata which had the small size.The order of the microalgae for their feeding effects on the juvenile S.constricta with the increasing survival rate was N.oculata Chlorella sp.+P.subcordiformis+N.oculataChlorella sp.I.zhanjiangensisP.subcordiformisN.closterium f.minutissimaP.viridis+N.closterium f.minutissima+I.zhanjiangensisP.viridis.The initial shell length of juvenile S.constricta had no significant difference(P0.05),but through growth experiment of 30 d,the difference of final shell length for the eight groups was significant(P0.05).Fed with P.subcordiformis,the daily growth rate of juvenile S.constricta was much higher than other groups(P0.05),but the shell growth rate had no significant difference with the groups which was fed with P.viridis(P0.05).From this experiment,we can see that the best feeding concentration of Chlorella sp.,P.viridis,N.closterium f. minutissima,P.subcordiformis,N.oculata and I.zhanjiangensis were 30×104cell/mL,15×104cell/mL,10×104cell/mL,6×104cell/mL,40×104cell/mL and 10×104cell/mL.By feeding with P.viridis and P.subcordiformis,the growth effect was better than other microalgae.


In order to understand the consumer demand for mango pulp and to help the mango pulp processors compete more effectively in an increasingly competitive landscape , the present study was undertaken in three districts of South Gujarat. Primary data was collected using personal interview of 150 consumers and 45 retailers. It was found that the mango pulp has demand throughout the year. The product is considered a delicacy and a specialty product offered on special occasions. The preference was found to be very dispersed as it depends upon the availability of the brands at the retail store. Major factors affecting the purchase decision by the consumers are taste, quality and mango variety of mango pulp.


our profession. Its incidence is by no means rare, and the results depend so very largely for tlieir success upon an early diagnosis that 110 apologies seem necessary for reporting this series of cases. The clinical material upon which this paper is based consists of 85 consecutive cases at the Bristol Royal Infirmary and 15 private cases. The latter were added as they included three of the most interesting


Laminar decelerating pipe flows in a case where the cross-sectional mean velocity at the downstream end in a single pipeline decreases linearly are investigated. Basic equations for an axisymmetric viscous unsteady flow in a horizontal pipe contaning a slightly compressible fluid are numerically calculated by the method of characteristics and the finite-difference technique by using wall shear stress evaluated from the cross-sectional distribution of instantaneous axial velocities. By changing the time of closure of a valve, pressure, velocity and friction factor distributions along the pipe axis are numerically obtained, and the flow pattern and wave propagation in the pipe are shown schematically. Furthermore, the cross-sectional distributions of axial velocities along the pipe axis are also presented in this report.