I have made film sculptures since 1977 by looping Super-8 film on reels through a wooden structure, creating a mechanism [1]. The film projects onto screens within the structure. Running continuously, the film sculptures are like allegorical machines with whimsical features that involve the audience in poetic narratives. The film sculptures run continuously. It is as though the audience saw a play, a mythical play like a Greek play or a symbolic play like Shakespeare, and then it continued playing in a room somewhere and occasionally the audience would open the door to that room and would immediately recognize the play whether they chose to stay for part of it or not. The audience could also close the door and say, Oh yes, that's Hamlet or That's Antigone and the plays would just continue playing endlessly and they would know that about those rooms. Except in the film sculptures, the plots continue to change and the audience becomes characters within them, even if their stay is brief. In Deus ex Machina/Closet of Angels (1992) (Fig. 4), there is a white closet (3 x 6 ft) that is mechanized by a film loop that runs up from a film projector at the base to a reel on the side. There are two doors on the front of the closet and a rear screen projection. A large screen (4 x 6 ft) is hanging to the left of the closet. The film first projects onto a mirror placed 9 ft behind the closet, which then reflects the images back onto the screens. The mirror is cut into two facets, the angles of which are adjustable, so as to throw the images to the two separate screens. The film format is divided in half. The left half of the image projects onto the large screen. The right half projects into the closet and is chiefly of angels ascending and descending. The projector, the mirror and the film loop establish the Deus ex Machina. The film runs continuously but the actual length is 2 min, 35 sec. The Closet of Angels is at an angle to the hanging screen so that the two screens are viewed separately from the front and together from behind. From the front, where both screens are viewed separately, there is a sense of two locations. The steady ascending and descending of angels in the closet mimics the infinite expanse of the heavenly spheres. The images projected onto the large screen are of objects that contain infinity for a moment, such as ajar of air, a shadow in the comer, a door partly open. As infinity is represented by blue in both screens, from behind where the two screens are seen together, there is a sense of one continuous plane. The objects seem to be states of being which enclose eternity for awhile to then return as part of it-stones by a river, ajar of stones. The clockwork of the Deus ex Machina is disclosed, a conductor of the ebb and flow of infinity within and without the forms, ascending and descending the angels.


The maturation of erythroid cells occurs in specialized areas of the marrow in close proximity to macrophages. The mature cell, the reticulocyte, loses its association with the macrophages and egresses into the blood stream. This dynamic pattern of cellular interactions is mediated by specific adhesion receptors, such as CXCR4 (CD184), VLA- 4 (α4 integrin, CD49d) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1 or CD162). Culture conditions capable to generate ex vivo human erythroblasts in numbers sufficient for transfusion have been recently established by several investigators. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether these ex vivo-generated erythroblasts would express the adhesion receptor profile required for establishing, once injected in vivo, the cellular interactions necessary to complete their maturation. For this purpose, the pattern of CD184, CD49d and CD162 expression during the maturation of human erythroblasts generated ex vivo from adult and cord blood was investigated. Erythroblasts were divided into 4 classes of maturation by cytofluorimetrical criteria based on the levels of CD36 and CD235a (glycophorin A) expression: class 1, CD36highCD235aneg (CFU-E); class 2, CD36highCD235alow (pro-erythroblasts); class 3, CD36highCD235ahigh (basophilic-polychromatic erythroblasts) and class 4, CD36lowCD235ahigh (orthochromatic erythroblasts). The transition of the different cell populations through the maturation process was tracked by cell cycle analyses and CFSE staining. Large numbers (>5 x 107) of erythroblasts were generated from as little as 10 mL of either cord- or adult blood after 10–11 days of culture in the presence of hematopoietic growth factors, dexamethasone and estradiol (Migliaccio et al, BCMD 28: 169, 2002). Cord blood-derived cells remained significantly more immature than the adult blood-derived ones (e.g. 60% vs 10% in class 1). Class 1–2 cells were mostly in G1 (G1=74%, S=21% and G2=3–5%) while a large proportion of the class 3 cells were in S (G1=34–56, S=43–56% and G2=10–11%). Changes in the levels of CSFE staining indicated that class 3 cells completed one division within 24 hrs and did not divide further. On the other hand, class 1–2 cells completed one division in 24 hr and their progeny was composed both by class 1–2 and class 3 cells (in a 50% ratio). The class 1–2 progeny divided at least one more time in the following 24 hrs while the class 3 progeny did not divide progressing directly toward the mature class 4. The majority of class 1–2 cells expressed low level of CD184 (80–85% CD184dim and 15–20% CD184high) and high levels of CD49d and CD162. When these cells were induced to mature by exposure to EPO alone, they rapidly (within 24 hrs) expressed high levels of CD184 and CD49d while the expression of CD162 was reduced. By the end of 4 days of the maturation culture in the presence of EPO, most of the cells had progressed to the mature class 3–4 phenotype. These mature class 4 cells were CD184dim, CD49dlow and CD162low. Therefore, in vitro maturation of ex vivo-generated cord and adult blood erythroblasts was associated with a dynamic pattern of adhesion receptor expression. Although, the changes observed with cord and adult blood-derived erythroblasts were similar, they occurred more rapidly and with a higher magnitude in cord blood-derived cells. In conclusion, the pattern of CD184, CD49d and CD162 expressed by ex vivo -derived human erythroblasts suggests that these cells might be capable to establish proper cellular interactions and to progress in their maturation following in vivo infusion.


Factors to which women attribute their success were explored in this study using narrative analysis of the life stories of contemporary eminent women living in Finland. The participants were 12 Finnish women who have achieved success and peer recognition in various fields including science, business and finance, politics, and the arts. Four universal themes emerged from an analysis of the interview data. In their stories of achievement, the main factors were their personal self-reliance, the superiority of their work, and their interdependence with others including family members and co-workers. In addition, every woman talked about the egalitarianism that pervades Finnish society and its importance in the home and workplace. The voices of these women confirmed and extended the knowledge base about the course of talent development for females and the meaning of success for eminent women.


This article proposes an analysis of the covers of Veja magazine on the activities of Operation Lava Jato — investigation of the Federal Police and the Federal Public Ministry. The intention of the study is not to exhaust the subject, but to discuss the social and political meanings produced by the narratives. Our hypothesis is that in addition to working on the spectacularization of corruption as news-value, Veja actively participates as an actor in the political game, not only being an observer of the crisis settled in Brazil, but encouraging the population to take to the streets and fight against governments and politicians in general.


Recent years have seen a growing concern about the adaptability and willingness of the Indian industrial worker to cope with radical technological changes such as the introduction of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies. Adding to the concern is the indispensability of these technologies in meeting global competition. A study of workers in the Indian Automobile Industry shows that while the workers have a significantly positive attitude towards the introduction of new technologies like AMT, they are apprehensive about organisational issues, for example management's objective behind change, skill redundancy and access to information to facilitate technology management. The study also confirms part of the Systems Model of Technological Innovation proposed by Brown and Karagozoglu.


The present paper deals with some gomphids from South America. Besides descriptions of a number of new species additional notes on several Selysian and other, little-known species, elucidated with illustrations of important details, are offered in order to obtain a better insight into the characteristics of these dragonflies. Lectotypes are selected and confusions in respect to the generic or specific status of some species are unraveled. Of nearly all the gomphids from Surinam the larval stages are described or discussed. The identity of several larvae is ascertained by the actual rearing of some individuals. The discovery of two new Agriogomphine species resulted in a classification of the members of the Agriogomphus complex into two genera only instead of four. Undoubtedly of greater importance is the attempt to acquire a satisfactory division of the large genus Gomphoides sensu Selysi 1854. In doing so, the erection of a new genus was necessary. The material from Surinam here recorded has been assembled in the first instance by the author himself during a period of ten years of odonatological research carried out in that country (1955—1965), but a comprehensive and very valuable part is from Dr. D. C. GEIJSKES. I would like to express here my thanks for his consent to describe his gomphid material. This privilege enabled me to clear up several intriguing problems on the regional gomphid fauna.


This letter presents a new decoding algorithm called the minimum degree-weighted distance decoding for polynomial residue codes with non-coprime moduli. The newly proposed decoding is based on the degree-weighted distance and is different from the traditional minimum Hamming distance decoding. It is shown that for the two types of minimum distance decoders, i.e., the minimum degree-weighted distance decoding and the minimum Hamming distance decoding, one is not absolutely stronger than the other, but they can complement each other from different points of view.


We investigate the incentives for analysts to "lowball" (i.e., issue downward biased forecasts that are easy to meet or beat) and how this relates to the behavior of investors and managers. We find that downward biases in analyst forecasts are associated with lower volatility of forecast errors (i.e., more consistent errors) and that investors react more to biased but consistent forecasts. These more informative forecasts reduce information asymmetry in financial markets. Because "lowballing" implies forecasts that can be met or beat, meeting / beating signals a "lowballing" manager-analyst relationship, and precipitates a meet-or-beat price reaction premium due to the expected lower level of future information asymmetry in the financial markets. Investors implicitly reward analysts for consistency and managers for meeting or beating forecasts by reacting more strongly in both cases. This gives analysts an incentive to "lowball" if managers reciprocate by supplying information to analysts. We also find that both reactions are stronger when institutional ownership is larger because sophisticated investors can obtain more information out of biased but consistent forecasts.


This paper suggests that an operations-based performance measurement approach is necessary for regional operations in the Phoenix metropolitan area, particularly in light of the Phoenix area's rapidly changing transportation network and the regional scope of special event management and emergency response. In a real-time operational performance measurement approach, performance measures are evaluated immediately after changes are made to the network. Based on this evaluation, changes are made to the network immediately, and performance measures are updated once new data is collected. To enhance system performance through operational improvements, it is necessary to apply a real-time operations-based performance measurement approach in the Phoenix metropolitan area.


The construct of self-compassion has been investigated in relation to health behaviors, health behavior change, and health outcomes such as regulated eating and weight loss. Self-compassion has been defined as a mindful awareness of oneself, which involves treating oneself kindly and understanding oneself during difficult and challenging times by realizing that such experiences are common amongst all humans (Neff, 2003a). Neff (2003a,b) described how self-compassion consists of three interrelated components: self-kindness (vs. self-judgment), common humanity (vs. isolation), and mindfulness (vs. over-identification). While the psychological benefits are well documented (e.g., Neff, 2011), the health behaviors and outcomes may require more consideration, and this opinion manuscript aims to shed light on potential problems in eating and weight issues. Initial findings of self-compassion in assisting regulated eating are promising, and are explored next.


Recently developments in domain of information technology and communications had been generated a fundamental change both in terms of acquisition of knowledge and in the way of approaching education. There is a major concern for developing serious games on global level, being several initiatives at American level and European level to outline a common framework and to avoid dispersion of efforts.
This paper attempts to define concepts that we considered essential regarding serious games, to identify positive and negative aspects and to highlight elements that are necessary to operate effectively in the knowledge society.

Recently developments in domain of information technology and communications had been generated a fundamental change both in terms of acquisition of knowledge and in the way of approaching education. There is a major concern for developing serious games on global level, being several initiatives at American level and European level to outline a common framework and to avoid dispersion of efforts.
This paper attempts to define concepts that we considered essential regarding serious games, to identify positive and negative aspects and to highlight elements that are necessary to operate effectively in the knowledge society.

Recently developments in domain of information technology and communications had been generated a fundamental change both in terms of acquisition of knowledge and in the way of approaching education. There is a major concern for developing serious games on global level, being several initiatives at American level and European level to outline a common framework and to avoid dispersion of efforts.
This paper attempts to define concepts that we considered essential regarding serious games, to identify positive and negative aspects and to highlight elements that are necessary to operate effectively in the knowledge society.

Recently developments in domain of information technology and communications had been generated a fundamental change both in terms of acquisition of knowledge and in the way of approaching education. There is a major concern for developing serious games on global level, being several initiatives at American level and European level to outline a common framework and to avoid dispersion of efforts.
This paper attempts to define concepts that we considered essential regarding serious games, to identify positive and negative aspects and to highlight elements that are necessary to operate effectively in the knowledge society.

Recently developments in domain of information technology and communications had been generated a fundamental change both in terms of acquisition of knowledge and in the way of approaching education. There is a major concern for developing serious games on global level, being several initiatives at American level and European level to outline a common framework and to avoid dispersion of efforts.
This paper attempts to define concepts that we considered essential regarding serious games, to identify positive and negative aspects and to highlight elements that are necessary to operate effectively in the knowledge society

Recently developments in domain of information technology and communications had been generated a fundamental change both in terms of acquisition of knowledge and in the way of approaching education. There is a major concern for developing serious games on global level, being several initiatives at American level and European level to outline a common framework and to avoid dispersion of efforts.
This paper attempts to define concepts that we considered essential regarding serious games, to identify positive and negative aspects and to highlight elements that are necessary to operate effectively in the knowledge society

Recently developments in domain of information technology and communications had been generated a fundamental change both in terms of acquisition of knowledge and in the way of approaching education. There is a major concern for developing serious games on global level, being several initiatives at American level and European level to outline a common framework and to avoid dispersion of efforts.
This paper attempts to define concepts that we considered essential regarding serious games, to identify positive and negative aspects and to highlight elements that are necessary to operate effectively in the knowledge society


Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. The treatment of morbid obesity is dominated by bariatric surgery, for example Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. If other contr ...


Electric drives need approximately 65% of the electricity consumed by the European industry to drive pumps, fans, compressors and so on [1]. The classic induction motor has been the workhorse of the industry for decades. However, this type of motor has significant losses in efficiency, especially in the low power range considered here. Consequently, the increase of energy efficiency of electric machines is a main point in the worldwide efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. However, the cost of new efficient technologies are still a main selling point. This paper presents an impressively simple energy-and resource saving as well as low cost design for synchronous reluctance machines in the low power range.


10. LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION Rene Gifford, PhD, and colleagues at Vanderbilt University released preliminary results from their work exploring the use of high-resolution 3-D CT scans to evaluate the position of cochlear implant (CI) electrode arrays and improve our ability to optimally program implant processors (IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2013;21[5]:820-829). In short, this work can precisely identify the location of the electrode array—even pinpointing in which scala it resides and the distance from the electrode to the modiolus—and determine which electrodes possess a higher likelihood of undesirable interactions. By disabling electrodes that do not interact well together, the Vanderbilt team has observed substantial improvement in speech understanding and spectral resolution. Although this work is in the earliest stages and has been conducted in adults, it potentially holds particular ramifications for young children who cannot report on the signal they receive from their implant.


A species-rich riverine grassland, long-grazed at low stocking rates, was selected to monitor the impact of a range of disturbance regimes on the vegetation to try to develop an appropriate conservation management strategy. Ten treatments (cultivation once, cultivation annually, burning once, burning annually and control, all with and without sheep grazing) in 100 plots were established and monitored for three years. The grazing response of the flora was closely associated with plant size, habit, life-form and relative abundance in relation to the abundance of interstitial space. Only the diminutive annuals were small enough to avoid significant grazing and were able to increase in abundance under grazing by exploiting the greater abundance of gaps. Rainfall proved to have a very significant effect on flora with a substantial drop in species richness and abundance observed under drought. Fluctuations in the abundance of native annuals were closely linked to winter rainfall. Cultivation increased the richness and abundance of the predominantly annual exotic flora whilst reducing that of the natives. Some native annuals were encouraged by soil disturbance probably because they were represented in the soil seed bank which is likely to be predominantly exotic. Burning generally reduced the abundance of annual species, presumably by destroying seed at or near the soil surface, and had the most significant impact on annual exotics. Recovery from disturbance was slow and associated with the success of dispersal mechanisms linked to plant size/height. A conservative grazing regime developed on the principle of maintaining the "status quo" was found to be the preferred mode of disturbance for conservation management on the basis of current knowledge.


-The trend of integrating bulk renewable energy sources will require implementation of multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) networks. Because of its flexible controllability, the technology of VSC (voltage source converter) makes the MTDC network possible, especially with the application of modular multilevel converter (MMC). Unlike conventional point-to-point HVDC networks, a multi-terminal HVDC system has a higher complexity with respect to the control strategies resulting from different control purposes. At present, there is a need to conduct post-fault transient studies for certain research objectives. Thus, this paper analyses the influence of the control strategies of converters on the behavior of MTDC network during normal operation and after fault occurrence. According to the simulated results, converters' responses are investigated in detail. Then, the suitable control strategies for a transient study are proposed. The analysis is performed in PSCAD/EMTDC environment.


he article reflects the question of the volunteer movement as an integral policy of the US President J. F. Kennedy after the Second World War. The activity of the Peace Corps, founded by the 35th president of the USA, is analyzed. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main aspects of the Peace Corps activity as a component of the US President J. F. Kennedy's «New Horizons» policy in the context of the possibility of development and use of volunteer activities in the implementation of the country's foreign policy. The work uses general scientific methods of knowledge: historical (reveals the factors of the formation and development of the Peace Corps in historical retrospect), systemic (makes it possible to draw a complete picture of J. F. Kennedy's foreign policy related to the struggle between democracy and totalitarianism), axiological (determines the value the essence of the institutionalization of volunteerism, its content as a type of social activity that has a humanistic potential for strengthening peace and friendship between people of different nationalities and cultures). The scientific novelty of the obtained results consists in obtaining a holistic systemic view of the peculiarities of the implementation of US state policy in the field of regulation of volunteer activities for solving foreign policy tasks. Conclusions. Summing up, the author confirms the importance of the Peace Corps as the most important element of the strategy of the US President J. F. Kennedy, which consisted in the need to reorient the US foreign policy in the Third World countries from the ideology of mutual security to the global rails of development after the Second World War. It is noted that J. F. Kennedy's «New Horizons» policy found its embodiment in the creation of the Peace Corps, which has successfully survived decades and is still functioning, serving as an example of the activation of volunteerism in Ukraine at the beginning of the XXI century. It is emphasized that before the start of the Russian-Ukrainian war on February 24, 2022, more than 300 American volunteers of the Peace Corps worked in Ukraine, which made Ukraine the largest representation of this organization in the world. Since the start of the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine, Peace Corps volunteers have left the country, but continue to coordinate nationwide efforts in support of Ukrainians, organizing charitable donations, sending needed goods to Ukraine, and using their social media to engage the public in support of Ukraine.


ELR bibliographical articles are intended to combine a topical review ofresearch with a reasonably complete bibliography. Scholarship is organized by authors or titles of anonymous works. Items included represent combined entries listed in the annual bibliographies published by PMLA, YWES. and M H R A from 1945 through, in the present instance, 1987 with additional items. The format used here is a modified version of that used in Recent Studies in English Renaissance Drama, ed. Terence P. Logan and Denzel S. Smith, 4 vols. (Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1973-78). The ELR series is edited by Elizabeth H. Hageman of the University of New Hampshire and supported by the Department of English, UNH.


Atherosclerotic vascular disease remains the leading cause of disease burden and mortality in the developed world. The complex interplay of genetics, nutrition, and environmental factors leading to atherosclerosis continues to attract great investigation. Role of triglyceride and cholesterol rich diets in the development of atherosclerosis is well established. This has led to preventative approaches to atherosclerosis with emphasis on dietary modification. Low fat and cholesterol content along with caloric restriction is advocated to reduce incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Now, there is increasing awareness of a third class of lipids, dietary phospholipids and their role in atherogenesis. Animal models indicate a link between phospholipid metabolism by gut flora and risk of developing obesity and insulin resistance [1]. The role of vascular inflammation and infectious agents in the pathobiology of atherosclerosis is still evolving. There is a growing body of literature recently that has implicated intestinal microbiota or 'gut flora' and its metabolism of dietary phospholipids in the multifaceted mechanism leading to atherosclerosis [2]. Comprehension of this relationship has the potential of modifying current preventative and treatment strategies for atherosclerosis.


The influence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) addition on the crystal size distribution (CSD) of Au was investigated. PEI is a water-soluble cationic polyelectrolyte acting as a reducer of AuCl4– and a stabilizer of precipitated Au nanocrystals. The CSD can be controlled by the PEI dosage, and an increase in PEI dosage decreased both the size and the size distribution width of the obtained Au nanocrystals. The idea of PEI-assisted reductive crystallization of Au may be helpful in the production of nanometals by using a simple batch crystallizer.


Purpose. The purpose of the study is to assess the level and trends of state support for agriculture in Ukraine, to determine its post-war measures and programmes and to improve the method of allocating funds among state support programmes at the stage of drafting budget declarations and requests by central and regional executive bodies that implement the agricultural policy.
Methodology / approach. Analysis and synthesis were used to determine the level of state support for agriculture and its impact on its development. Assessment of the effectiveness of financing individual agricultural support programs was made using regulatory, calculation and constructive methods. Mathematical modelling methods were used to optimise the distribution of budget funds in various areas of state support for rural commodity producers aimed at forming fixed capital. Techniques of the abstract and logical toolkit allowed formulating intermediate and final conclusions.
Results. The study focuses on the directions of support for the agricultural sector of Ukraine in wartime and in the post-war period. It was established that in order to resume the operation of agricultural enterprises in the liberates territories, which produce grain and cultivate oil crops, about USD 1.370–1.500 of fixed capital are needed for 1 ha of crops and USD 1.340–1.400 of working capital. It was estimated that in 2023 the lack of working capital in Ukraine for the cultivation of grain and oil crops, with the area of their crops being at the level of 2022, will amount to about UAH 41.5 billion. It is established that support programmes for Ukrainian producers of agricultural products should be developed on the basis of the Roadmap for the Recovery in Ukraine in order to achieve the indicators of the Strategy for Ukraine's Agro-Industrial Complex Development.
Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific value of the study is in conducting a comparative assessment of the support of agriculture in Ukraine and the EU in 2019–2021, highlighting measures of state support for the agricultural sector of Ukraine in wartime and in the post-war period. The method of allocation of funds among state support programmes at the stage of drafting budget declarations and requests by central and regional executive bodies that implement the agricultural policy has been improved.
Practical value / implications. The practical value of this study is the fact that it can be used as a source and tool in the development of relevant plans and programs aimed at the development of agriculture in Ukraine.


According to the invention a circuit is provided for controlling laser currents, comprising: a plurality of laser drivers, each for setting a laser current; a first control means for controlling a primary and / or modulation current of the plurality of laser drivers and laser driver for each of the further control means for adjustment of the primary and / or modulation current of the associated laser driver. Preferably, the first control means includes a control means for controlling the basic and / or modulation current. Thus, a circuit is created that provides centralized control for simultaneous individual adjustment of the laser currents.


The curvature of a relativistic blast wave implies that its emission arrives to observers with a spread in time. This effect is believed to wash out fast variability in the light curves of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. We note that the spreading effect is reduced if emission is anisotropic in the rest frame of the blast wave (i.e. if emission is limb-brightened or limb-darkened). In particular, synchrotron emission is almost certainly anisotropic, and may be strongly anisotropic, depending on details of electron acceleration in the blast wave. Anisotropic afterglows can display fast and strong variability at high frequencies (above the 'fast-cooling' frequency). This may explain the existence of bizarre features in the X-ray afterglows of GRBs, such as sudden drops and flares. We also note that a moderate anisotropy can significantly delay the 'jet break' in the light curve, which makes it harder to detect. gamma-ray burst: general.


Studies of $4 \times 4$ MIMO performance of two conjoined dual wideband antennas including feedline effects for 5G smartphones are presented. The two conjoined dual antennas provide four wide operating bands for $4 \times 4$ MIMO operation in 5G band of 3300 MHz ∼ 5000 MHz and in 5 GHz-WiFi band of 5150 MHz ∼ 5875 MHz. The radiation efficiencies, envelope correlation coefficients, and $4 \times 4$ MIMO capacities and throughputs of the fabricated antennas with their microstrip feedlines having different spacings are experimentally studied. Results show that when the spacings of the microstrip feedlines become smaller (for example, 0.5 mm in this study), larger bit-error-rates (BERs) in $4 \times 4$ MIMO transmission are observed, thereby decreasing the MIMO throughputs. The experimental results are presented and discussed.


A radial-velocity curve based on 17 coude spectra shows the following results when compared with other velocities: (1) no variation in mean velocity, implying no detectable companion; (2) no phase shifts if a period of 16.3861 days is used, indicating a constant period; (3) probably no variation in the shape of the velocity curve except perhaps at phases 0.55-0.80. Strong lines show a greater expansion by roughly one atmospheric scale height than moderate-strength lines, but it is not clear whether they show a similar greater contraction.


Learning how to nourish ourselves is a journey. In this short film from the Nourish, pediatrician Nadine Burke discusses the evolution of her eating habits over the years, and how she learned that eating well can be fun. How has your relationship to food and health changed throughout your life?


Degraded ceiling algorithm is an intelligent heuristic search algorithm. The expected optimal value of the traditional degraded ceiling algorithm needs to be set. When the expected optimal value of the issue is unknown, the output of hill-climbing algorithm could be used as the expected optimal value. In this paper the result of simulated annealing is used as the initial expected optimal value, meanwhile add outer loop, output of current iteration is taken as the expected optimal value of the next degraded ceiling algorithm. Compare to the traditional way, the improved algorithm is not easy to fall into local optimal solution and the solution quality has been improved, too. Finally, it is applied to solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP). The simulation result has proved the effectiveness of the improved degraded ceiling algorithm.


This paper describes polarization properties of the flint glass fiber for Faraday sensor element. Measurement results showed very small birefringence of the fiber, and good agreement with a model to describe the relation between polarization and geometrical figure of the fiber.


Diminishing light oil resources and minimal change in energy consumption has led explorers to develop the low quality heavy crude oil (HCO) resources that are estimated at seven times that of conventional crude oils through numerous means of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. Microbial EOR (MEOR) methods depend on bacteria and bacterial bioproducts to extract remaining oil volumes at petroleum reservoirs and they are environmentally friendly. In this context, the study aimed to isolate and characterize local microbes that can degrade heavy crude oil and evaluate the effectiveness of the biotransformation process. The study was conducted on bacteria isolated from oil-contaminated soil samples collected from oil sludge pits and heavy crude oil of an Omani oil field. DNA from the soil samples was extracted from the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq sequencer in order to perform the biodiversity analyses. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla at the samples. At genus level, Halanaerobium dominated across all the samples followed by Deferribacter and Desulfovermiculus. As expected at such case of HCO contaminated that naturally contains sulfur, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were abundant. The findings supported the use of contaminated soil with heavy crude oil as a source for bacteria that are able to survive harsh conditions and degrade crude oil for bioremediation and enhanced oil recovery purposes. Collected soil samples were heated to narrow the bacterial pool and focus the research on spore forming bacteria only. Bacteria were grown in five different minimal salts media and were isolated from the soils samples and the HCO sample. The isolates were identified by MALDI biotyper and 16S rRNA sequencing. The nucleotide sequences were registered in GenBank (NCBI) database (accession numbers: KJ729814 to KJ729828). Microbial growth and HCO biodegradation were assessed by growth at flasks, well-assays on agar plates and GC-FID of extracted crude oil. Among the five selected minimal salts media, the M2 medium was the best medium for growth and biotransformation. Among the isolates, B. licheniformis AS5 and B. subtilis AS2 were the most efficient isolate in biotransformation. Biotransformation of HCO by AS1 to AS10 isolates was evaluated by GC-FID according to mixed n-alkane gas chromatography standard after 30 days of incubation. More than 50% of C24 was degraded and C16, C18 and C26 were degraded by most isolates. A significant increase of C12 and C14 by several isolates indicated HCO biotransformation from heavier to lighter compounds. The key challenge of experimental in-situ anaerobic biotransformation of HCO is time as a single in-situ flooding experiment could take at least three weeks including incubation of bacteria at the cores. Thus, sand pack column flooding experiments were conducted in order to Civil and Architectural Engineering Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department-College of Engineering-Sultan Qaboos University save time and cost. Regrettably, the sand pack columns did not work effectively due to brine bypassing oil. Effects of different nitrogen sources, glucose and sodium thiosulfate on growth and biotransformation were investigated. Yeast extract was the most favorable nitrogen source for our bacteria as it resulted in the highest growth level in comparison to urea and ammonium nitrate nitrogen sources. Glucose addition to M2 medium led to increased bacterial growth at aerobic and anaerobic conditions while sodium thiosulfate resulted in reduced growth. In core flooding experiments, AS5 showed promising results by increasing HCO recovery factor (RF) by 16% after 5 days of incubation. In subsequent flooding experiments, biotransformation RF dropped to 3% due to slowed bacterial growth. By increasing incubation time and inoculation percentages, RF increased to 5%. The addition of 2%m/v (2 g/100 ml) glucose into M2 medium increased RF to 16.4% after 2 weeks of incubation and to 18.3% after 6 weeks of incubation. Whole genome sequencing analysis and annotation were conducted on AS2 and AS5 and were compared to type strains B. subtilis str. 168 and B. licheniformis DSM 13. On biodegradation, aromatic compounds degradation gene: pcaC and aminobenzoate degradation gene: atoD were found at AS2 but not at type strain B. subtilis str. 168. AS5 and type strain B. licheniformis DSM 13 had similar degradation genes except these of the styrene where AS5 had E22.214.171.124/amiE and catE genes while B. licheniformis DSM 13 had feaB and catE genes. AS2, AS5 and type strains contained many similar degradation genes of 13 other hydrocarbon compounds involving various genes. On biosurfactants, AS2 had surfactin and iturin biosurfactants family genes while B. subtilis str. 168 had surfactin and plipastatin biosurfactants family genes. AS5 and B. licheniformis DSM 13 had similar lichenysin genes. On biopolymers, AS2 and AS5 had the racE, ywtB, ywtD and ggt genes; however, did not contain the polygamma-glutamate biosynthesis protein pgsC observed at the type strains. Bacteria of this study did not produce any bioproducts. Thus, other media were tested which were used in literature to produce metabolites from bacteria similar to this study's isolated bacteria. At the experiments, biosurfactant was produced by AS2 while AS5 did not produce neither biosurfactant nor biopolymer. The lowest observed surface tension was 28.8±0.8 mN/m at MP8 by AS2. AS2 MP8 interfacial tension to hexadecane was 4.2±0.6 mN/m. The performance of the AS2 biosurfactant was comparable to biosurfactants similar to its kind. The IR spectrum showed similarity to the standard surfactin biosurfactant. The sand pack flooding results showed 4-5% additional recovery. This is a good indication that the biosurfactant could work at core flooding experiments. .


E.m.f. measurements of Na2O–B2O3 melts in the composition range B2O3 to Na2O·2B2O3 have been performed in which the liquid junction used in previous studies was improved by using β-alumina. The partial and total molar free energies, enthalpies and entropies of solution have been evaluated. In accordance with Krogh-Moe's treatment, the fractions of boroxol, tetraborate and the diborate group were estimated on the assumption of an ideal associated solution. The activity of Na2O seems to change along a stepwise neutralization curve, where B2O3 or equally boroxol is considered to be a polybasic acid.


PURPOSE: To provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor element with long element life at a high yield. CONSTITUTION: This is a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device by depositing a Ti/Pt layer on an Au-containing intermediate layer 941 in a p-doped region of a semiconductor. Further, the method of the present invention includes the deposition of the Ti/Pt layer in an n-doped region of the semiconductor or on an Au-containing intermediate layer 951 in the n-doped region and a quick heat treatment. Specifically, the device is a semiconductor laser, the n-doped area is Inp, and the p-doped area is InGaAs or InGaAsP, and RTP includes 10 to 100 second of heating at a range of 425 to 500°C. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


Introduction: the Archimedes Palimpsest project William Noel Part I. The Manuscripts: Part II. History: 1. The making of the Euchologion Abigail Quandt 2. The strange and eventful history of the Archimedes Palimpsest John Lowden 3. Itinera Archimedea: on Heiberg in Constantinople and Archimedes in Copenhagen Erik Petersen Part III. Conservation: 4. Conserving the Archimedes Palimpsest Abigail Quandt Part IV. The Digital Palimpsest: 5. Imaging and image-processing techniques William A. Christens-Barry, Roger L. Easton, Jr and Keith T. Knox 6. Imaging with x-ray fluorescence Uwe Bergmann 7. The Palimpsest data set Doug Emery, Alex Lee and Michael Toth Part V. The Texts: 8. The Palimpsest in context Natalie Tchernetska and Nigel Wilson 9. The place of Codex C in Archimedes scholarship Reviel Netz Appendix: concordance of foliations.


Under lower oxygen circumstances, the plateau habitants have strong psychological repertory and very high ability to absorb the largest amount of oxygen and load it; Their quality aeration is lower than the plain habitants; Although there are distinctive difference in geographic circumstances and living conditions between the two people, the last result of passing qualifying tests is surprisingly similar. The National P E Exercise Standard is completely applicable to the high altitude areas.


Laboratory experiments on the soda pulping of Themeda cymbaria Hack. (Elephant grass) are described. The average fibre length of the pulp from this grass is 1.08 mm. Easy bleaching pulps with satisfactory strength properties could be prepared under suitable conditions of digestion. The yields of bleached pulps were higher when the intermediate treatment with caustic soda was omitted during the bleaching process. This grass is reported to be available in sufficiently large quantities for utilization for paper manufacture in the low rolling area of the deciduous forests of the Travancore-Cochin State. The investigation reported in this bulletin has shown that T hemeda cymbaria Hack. Is a promising fibrous raw material for the manufacture of white writing and printing papers. The results of these experiments require to be confirmed by pilot plant trials.


The use of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-assisted encapsulating emulsion polymerization (REEP) has been explored to prepare diverse types of colloidal stable core–shell nanostructures. A major field of application of such nanoparticles is in emergent nanomedicines, which require effective biofunctionalization strategies, in which their response to bioanalytes needs to be firstly assessed. Herein, functional core–shell nanostructures were prepared via REEP and click chemistry. Thus, following the REEP strategy, colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs, d = 15 nm) were coated with a poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA) macroRAFT agent containing an azide (N3) group to afford N3–macroRAFT@Au NPs. Then, chain extension was carried out from the NPs surface via REEP, at 44 °C under monomer-starved conditions, to yield N3–copolymer@Au NPs–core–shell type structures. Biotin was anchored to N3–copolymer@Au NPs via click chemistry using an alkynated biotin to yield biofunctionalized Au nanostructures. The response of the ensuing biotin–copolymer@Au NPs to avidin was followed by visible spectroscopy, and the copolymer–biotin–avidin interaction was further studied using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. This research demonstrates that REEP is a promising strategy to prepare robust functional core–shell plasmonic nanostructures for bioapplications. Although the presence of azide moieties requires the use of low polymerization temperature, the overall strategy allows the preparation of tailor-made plasmonic nanostructures for applications of biosensors based on responsive polymer shells, such as pH, temperature, and photoluminescence quenching. Moreover, the interaction of biotin with avidin proved to be time dependent.


Antibiotic resistance against bacterial microbes is considered as an alarming phenomenon that needs to be addressed urgently to have better therapeutic solutions. Bacterial strains, which gained resistance to antibiotics, are referred to as "Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria" [1]. According to Rai et al. [2] the resistant bacteria include both Gram positive and Gram negative species such as multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumonia, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Works Cited Ferguson, Christine. "Decadence as Scientific Fulfilment." PMLA 117 (2002): 465–78. Pinker, Steven. The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature. New York: Viking, 2002. Smith, Philip E. and Michael S. Helfand. Oscar Wilde's Oxford Notebooks: A Portrait of Mind in the Making. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1989. Wilde, Oscar. "The Critic as Artist." The Artist as Critic: Critical Writings of Oscar Wilde. Ed. Richard Ellman. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1982. 340–408. Wilson, John Foster. "Against Nature?: Science and Oscar Wilde." University of Toronto Quarterly 63.2 (1993): 328–46. Young, Robert J.C. The Idea of English Ethnicity. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008.


Acetylation of lysine residues is one of the most important posttranslational modifications that diversify protein functions. Thousands of acetylated lysine residues have been identified, suggesting that the effects of lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) go far beyond the chromatin kingdom. However, there is a missing link connecting the compositions of the cellular acetylome networks to the enzymatic activities of different KAT members. The outstanding challenge is how to dissect the subacetylomes of individual KATs and address their functions on the proteomic scale. We have explored a bioorthogonal profiling of protein acetylation strategy to label and interrogate substrates of KAT enzymes. In this strategy, a suite of Ac‐CoA analogs containing either alkynyl or azido functional group (e.g. 3AZ‐CoA, 4AZ‐CoA, 4PY‐CoA, 5HY‐CoA, 6HY‐CoA) were synthesized as potential cofactor surrogate for selective labeling of KAT substrates. Meanwhile, the active site of the KATs was engineered in order to expand the cofactor binding capability of the enzymes to accommodate the bulkier synthetic cofactors. The acylated substrates can be selectively linked through the copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction with fluorescent reporter or biotin affinity tag for optical imaging or protein enrichment on streptavidin‐coated resin. We have successfully used this bioorthogonal technology to profile substrates of p300 and GCN5 in the context of complex cellular proteomes. Together with LC‐MS/MS technology, more than four hundred proteins were identified as GCN5 or p300 substrate candidates. These proteins are extensively involved in various biological events including gene expression, cell cycle, and cellular metabolism. Overall, we have invented a bioorthogonal, chemoproteomic technology to investigate KAT biology. This chemical biology strategy provides a powerful enabling technology for activity‐based lysine acylation profiling on proteomic scale. Indeed, our KAT activity profiling demonstrates extensive engagement of KATs in cellular pathways and provides new molecular insights into understanding their functions in epigenetics and other biological processes.


The current trend in the industry is to produce thin, light weight, and environmental products. In this project, flat or shallow thin-walled parts were designed and moulded lignocellulosic polymer composites (PP + 50 wt% wood) to visualize the processability via moulding simulation. This studied focused on the filling, shear stress at wall, and in-cavity residual stresses behaviors. The shallow thin-walled part is preferable in moulding PP + 50 wt% wood due to economically in processing, low shear stress distribution and low residual stresses than the flat thin-walled part.


OBJECTIVE: To describes the responsible molecular pathways and the clinical importance of post-hepatectomy liver regeneration and investigates how the regenerative process promote metastatic tumour recurrence.METHODS: A total of 365 English papers were searched with liver regeneration,liver metastases,hepatectomy and tumor recurrence as search terms in Medline and PubMed databases from Jan,2007 to Mar,2012.Fifty papers were selected according to the standards as follows: 1)post-hepatectomy liver regeneration;2) the recurrence of liver metastasis;3) the relationship between post-hepatectomy live regeneration and the recurrence of liver metastasis.RESULTS: The regenerative process that occurs postoperatively is a complex phenomenon.Some molecules such as hepatocyte growth factor,tumour growth factor beta and matrix metalloproteinases promote tumour growth and may contribute to the recurrence of liver metastasis.The reactivation of dormant micrometastases or the intrahepatic accumulation of circulating malignant cells have been suggested as the responsible mechanism,although not clearly described.CONCLUSIONS: Post-hepatectomy liver regeneration can promote the recurrence of liver metastasis.Despite the considerable progress of the last decade,multiple queries remain to be clarified concerning liver regeneration.


This article explores the historical development of information technology (IT) in the context of possible negative consequences. It highlights the positive impact of IT on societal development, but at the same time, it underscores the problems associated with the emergence of negative influences, such as information warfare, hybrid warfare, and cyber threats. Emphasis is placed on the idea that operational readiness in countering these challenges can only be achieved through an understanding of the era's development driven by IT technologies, the nature of their dissemination, and the specifics of their application. The necessity of forming an understanding of the comprehensive impact of IT development on public safety is justified. The article acknowledges the early scholars who attempted to analyze the genesis of IT development and its historical and social implications, including E. Toffler, B. Castells, and D. Bell. It focuses on the thoughts of E. Messner regarding the possibilities of conducting information warfare through various information-psychological techniques and means, emphasizing the importance of understanding the development of the era. The research delves into the phenomenon of information warfare, which encompasses various forms of information warfare within the realm of the Internet. The threats posed by information wars are identified. The article describes the genesis of the concept of "information warfare" and establishes the dominant role of the information component, which influences worldviews, values, and societal consciousness through various information-psychological techniques and means, posing a real threat to nations, individuals, and humanity.
The main elements of information warfare are delineated, including control over the global information space, influence on public opinion, shaping of the societal worldview, disinformation, manipulation, propaganda, and cyberattacks aimed at exposing confidential information and destabilizing critical infrastructures. The article also examines the danger of "hybrid wars," characterized by unconventional methods of warfare (such as terrorist acts, hacker attacks, and manipulation of public opinion) and a powerful information and propaganda component. It is established that research within the context of the defined problem, concentrating on understanding the historical and philosophical understanding of the issue and its consequences, enables predictions of future events with a high degree of probability, effective response to negative influences, and professional management of the process. The article identifies prospective research directions, including the analysis of psychological, social, and pedagogical aspects of IT development for the establishment of a secure existence in the information space for both states and individuals.


This study is an interpretive survey of Hannah Arendt's lifework taken from the perspective of her understanding of freedom. The author demonstrates that throughout her life, Arendt was preoccupied with establishing the primacy of political freedom over the inwardly philosophical, and that she continually posited freedom in its true sense to be a political phenomenon. Despite the complexity of Arendt's work, the author asserts that her thought is quite coherent and a unique contribution to political thought.


Tow field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Water Studies and Research Complex (WSRC) Station, National Water Research Center, in Abu Simbel, Toshka Region, Egypt during two winter seasons 201516 and 2016-17. The main objectives were to study the effect of different irrigation levels [A1=100% of crop water requirements (ETcrop), A2=80% ETC and A3=60% ETC], three rates of nano-fertilizer (lithovit) (B1=0, B2= 200 and B3=400ppm), three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (C1=60, C2=80 and C3=100 kg N fed) and their interactions on yield and its component, water use efficiency (WUE), fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) and quality of durum wheat plants. The experimental design was a strip-split plot with three replications. The tested agronomic traits were: plant height, No. of tillers m, spike length, No. of grains spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), irrigation use efficiency (IWUE), fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) as well as protein and ash content, hectoliter weight and Hegberg falling number. The results indicated that the irrigation levels, nano-fertilizer concentrations and N-levels had significant effects on most yield component, water parameters, fertilizer use efficiency and quality of wheat plants in both seasons. Increasing irrigation levels from 60% to 100% increased all agronomic traits and FUE, but WUE, IWUE and falling number were decreased. The treatment of 400 ppm nano-fertilizer produced high values of all yield parameters, water relation, FUE except falling number. Increasing N-levels from 60 to 100 kg N fed increased all studied traits, but FUE and falling number were deceased. The maximum grain yield (2192.4 and 2251.6), (2026.8 and 2075.7) and (1904.3 and 1964.3 kg fed) were produced when 100% of irrigation water, 400ppm of lithovit and 100 kg N fed were applied in the two seasons, respectively. Based on the obtained results, it could be concluded that highest irrigation level of 100%, nano-fertilizer concentration of 400 ppm in combination with Nlevel of 100 kg fed is suitable for Toshka climatic conditions to increase the grain yield and quality of wheat (Triticum durum L.).


This paper is concerned with sentential subjects and sentential objects, subordinate clauses which function as subject or object of their sentence. The clause that John is tall is a sentential subject in (1) and a sentential object in (2): (1) That John is tall is obvious. (2) Bill knows that John is tall. This paper is concerned in particular with the clause positions in which such sentential subjects and objects, henceforth sentential noun phrases (or NP's), tend to occur in different languages. In (1), the sentential subject is in clause-initial position. In (2), the sentential object is in clause-final position. More precisely, this paper is concerned with the differences between the position of sentential NP's and the position of simple NP's (i.e. nonsentential NP's). For example, the position of the sentential subject in (1) is also the normal position for simple NP subjects. If we replace the sentential subject in (1) by the simple NP the conclusion, we get (3): (3) The conclusion is obvious.


In diffraction experiments on crystals, different types of diffraction patterns can be observed. Depending on various factors like the scattering energy, scattering geometry, sample temperature, or structural disorder, one can observe a combination of discrete diffraction patterns caused by coherent scattering of the incident beam and a structured background formed by patterns which can be explained by emission from internal incoherent sources inside the crystal. For the case of electron diffraction, these patterns from incoherent internal sources are called Kikuchi patterns. It will be shown here that the transition from the discrete coherent electron diffraction patterns to Kikuchi patterns, as well as similar effects in X‐ray and neutron diffraction, can be analyzed qualitatively by a simple model involving a two‐step scattering process. An elementary double‐scattering model is presented extending the kinematic model of X‐ray diffraction. The double‐scattering model outlines the key mechanism that can destroy the coherence between the first scatterers while at the same time some coherence can be preserved in the secondary scattering pathways starting at each of the individual first scatterers, respectively. In this way, the model presented here highlights some non‐trivial experimental effects of coherence loss under conditions of multiple scattering of waves in crystals.


Still image emotion recognition is receiving increasing attention in recent years due to the tremendous amount of social media content on the Web. Opinion mining, visual emotion analysis, search and retrieval are among the application areas to name a few. Works are published on the subject, offering methods to detect image sentiments, while others focus on extracting the true social signals, such as happiness and anger, among others. However "context-sensitive" emotion recognition has been by and large discarded in the literature so far. Moreover, the problem in the single-modal domain; i.e. using only still images, remains less attended. In this work, we introduce the largest dataset of images collected from the wild, UCF ER, labeled with emotion and context. We train a context-sensitive classifier to classify images based on both emotion and context, hence introducing the first single-modal context-sensitive emotion recognition CNN model trained on our newly constructed dataset. Relying on our categorical approach to emotion recognition, we claim and show that including context as part of a unified training process helps boost performance, while reducing dependency on cross-modality approaches. Experimental results demonstrate considerable boost in performance compared to state-of-the-art.


Refractive error (RE) is a very common eye disorder among school children, resulting in impaired vision in 2.6 billion people globally. Among them, 312 million were under 19 years of age. Programs have been rolled out in low-income settings, providing spectacles to school children with uncorrected refractive error(URE). However, for a program to meet the needs, spectacles dispensed need to be affordable, accessible, feasible, and visually functionally improvable. Different studies have shown different findings on compliance, visual acuity improvement and cost of provision of the ready-made spectacles (RMS) and the custom-made spectacles (CS), spectacles with the correction specifically required for that individual. In Myanmar setting, there has not been studied the effectiveness of ready-made spectacles. This noninferiority double blind randomized clinical trial aims to determine the compliance of the prescribed spectacles and to test non-inferiority in improving visual acuity between the ready-made and custom spectacle interventions to treat uncorrected refractive error among school children in Myanmar. The accurate, up-to-date, evidencebased data on the prescription of spectacle options will fill the current knowledge gap of the main policymakers, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health and Sports, and related partners who are planning to provide school-based vision care services for school children in Myanmar near future.


Isolations of Escherichia coli, 37(18.2%) from the domestic utensils of dish-clothes, kitchen knives and boards in Iksan, Chonbuk area, which were is이ated from August to October of 1995, were tested for bactericidal effects against E. coli. and other isoaltes. Following results were obtained : First, as results of washing them with heated water at 65.C and 75 "C, respectively, 65 "C had a bactericidal effect against E. coli on only plastic boards while both of plastic and wooden boards were sterilized at 75.C. Second, bactericidal effects against E. coli was shown only in the case of sunlight irradiation for 90 minutes, but its was not shown in it for 60 minutes. Third, the bactericidal effects against E. co/i in the case of one time concentration of sodium hypochloride was shown only in the Plastic boards, while those in the two times concentrations of sodium hypochloride were shown at both of Plastic and wooden boards. Fourth, the bactericidal effect against Salmonella enteritidis about drying of dish towels were shown best in the expose of sunlight for 240 minutes and but does not have effects for 180 monutes. Fifth, eight isolates (4%) among the 200 samples taken from dish towels yielded growth of the s. enteritidis. Sixth, bactericidal effects of dish towels. against S. enteritidis were the highest when they were boiled at loo.C for 2-3 minutes.


It was the aim of this study to determine the potential of two aliphatic and two aromatic thiolated chitosan conjugates: chitosan-thioglycolic acid (chitosan-TGA), chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (chitosan-TBA), chitosan-6- mercaptonicotinic acid (chitosan-6MNA) and chitosan-4-mercaptobenzoic acid (chitosan-4MBA), respectively, as permeation enhancing agents. Ritonavir was employed as model compound. Permeation of the compound was tested both on Caco-2 cells and freshly excised rat small intestine and apparent permeability coeffi cients (Papp) were calculated. The lyophilized polymers had a thiol group content in the range of 120-250 μmol/g. The 0.5% (w/v) chitosan-6MNA exhibited a more pronounced effect on the absorptive transport of ritonavir across Caco-2 cells (Papp = 5.90 ± 0.40 x 10-6 cm/s, respectively) in comparison to the control and signifi cantly increased the transport of ritonavir up to 2.2-fold. Moreover, in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) chitosan-4MBA in Ussing-type chambers, the absorptive Papp ritonavir was 4.58 ± 0.32 x 10-6 cm/s. According to these permeation results, aromatic thiolated chitosans showed a comparatively higher transport of ritonavir than aliphatic thiolated chitosans. These thiolated chitosans would therefore be an advantageous tool for enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly absorbable pharmaceutical ingredients.


The aim of this research was to investigate the scale of carbon dioxide recirculation in rotary energy wheel operated in air handling units. To achieve this objective, a test facility was installed into the indoor air quality and thermal comfort laboratory of BUTE University. A newly developed molecular 3 Å sieve sorption wheel with high humidity transfer efficiencies is integrated into the experimental setup. In this research study, carbon dioxide cross-contamination rate from the exhaust side into the supply side in sorption regenerative air-to-air rotary energy exchanger was conducted by experimental tests. During the study, the correlation between the carbon dioxide cross-contamination, different rotational speeds of the wheel and different volume flow rates of supply air were also investigated in detail. Based on the results, a rotation speed diagram – carbon dioxide cross-contamination diagram – is plotted which can be very useful for researchers, developers and building service engineers in practice. Practical application: The most perfect energy exchanger can transfer both heat and moisture, thus providing a pleasant indoor air quality in the conditioned space. It is beneficial if the exchanger can transfer heat and moisture between the supply and exhaust airstreams, thereby minimizing the capacity and energy consumption of the required auxiliary heater and humidifier. The auxiliary energy reduction can be especially high if the sorption material of the energy wheel is of type 3 Å molecular sieve that has an extremely high humidity transfer capacity. The disadvantage of the rotary energy recovery is the cross-contamination from the exhaust air to the supply air. This is very important because in places such as offices, schools, public institutions, carbon dioxide cross-contamination can cause degradation of indoor air quality.


In the area of logical reasoning systems, conjunctive normal form (CNF) is used widely. Hence, we are interested in CNF form to ease the use in logical reasoning system. In this paper we show that given any clauses in DNF, we can convert it into respective CNF. We also prove the existence of logical equivalent between the DNF and the respective CNF conversion.


This report provides a summary of the work performed under the "quick response CRADA" PPPL-95-006. The purpose of the CRADA is to investigate the feasibility of pattern reduction in the photoelectron projection lithography using converging magnetic fields. We analyzed and numerically simulated the trajectories of electrons in a realizable system. We show magnet and electrical grid configurations capable of projecting and reducing images with feature sizes on the order of 0.1 μm. Distortions less than 10 -6 and spot sizes <20 nm appear to be achievable.


More than three decades after his death, the Spanish couturier Cristobal Balenciaga (1895-1972) has become a legendary figure in the history of 20th century fashion. His name is now a byword for clothes executed to the highest standards and characterized by their sculptural quality, deft manipulation of textiles, and dramatic use of colour. This absorbing new book, with breathtaking illustrations, examines Balenciaga's design and business practice, placing him firmly in the context of the time and country in which he learnt his trade and the international fashion scene in which he subsequently matured and triumphed. It accompanies the major exhibition The Golden Age of Couture, opening at the V&A in September 2007.


This paper assumes a set of n mobile sensors that move in the Euclidean plane as a swarm. Our objectives are to explore a given geographic region by detecting spatio-temporal events of interest and to store these events in the network until the user requests them. Such a setting finds applications in mobile environments where the user (i.e., the sink) is infrequently within communication range from the field deployment. Our framework, coined SenseSwarm, dynamically partitions the sensing devices into perimeter and core nodes. Data acquisition is scheduled at the perimeter, in order to minimize energy consumption, while storage and replication takes place at the core nodes which are physically and logically shielded to threats and obstacles. To efficiently identify the nodes laying on the perimeter of the swarm we devise the Perimeter Algorithm (PA), an efficient distributed algorithm with a low communication complexity. For storage and fault-tolerance we devise the Data Replication Algorithm (DRA), a voting-based replication scheme  that enables the  exact retrieval of events from the network in cases of failures. Our trace-driven experimentation shows that our framework can offer significant energy reductions while maintaining high data availability rates. In particular, we found that when failures are less than 60% failure then we can recover over 80% of generated events exactly.


Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) frequency transfer technique requires two GNSS receivers, each connected to an external frequency signal of the clocks or oscillator to be compared. Hence, the estimated receiver clock difference is the parameter of interest. The task is to eliminate the errors influencing the estimation process, because they degrade the stability and the uncertainty level of the transferred frequency. In this contribution, we review the most dominant error sources mentioned in literature and categorize them into hardware errors and signal propagation errors. The focus is directed further on sub-daily errors such as multipath and tropospheric delays, for which we carry out simulations of their effect on the frequency instability and the response in the frequency domain by computing the power spectrum density. Additionally, we analyze real data of two baselines with lengths of about 2m and 295m where all the receivers are connected to the same UTC frequency signal. The frequency instability is estimated to be in order of 10−17 for the first baseline and 10−16 for the second, where we characterize the reasons for this degradation through estimating the power spectrum of the clock difference time series.


Fission cross sections have been measured for the systems of 11 B, 16 O, 19 F+ 232 Th in the sub-barrier to extreme-sub-barrier energy (ESBE) region. Two position sensitive avalanche detectors were employed to measure the fission events due to fusion-fission (FF) and transfer fission (TF) processes using the fission fragment folding angle technique. The cross sections for fusion-fission reactions could be well accounted by the coupled channel calculations over a large energy range except in the ESBE region. The transfer induced fission cross sections are observed to be large at extreme sub-barrier energies. The ratio of transfer fission cross section to that of total fission is observed to increase rapidly as the energy is decreased in the sub-barrier region for all the systems. Also in the ESBE region a number of low momentum transfer fission (LMTF) events having folding angle close to 180° are observed with a rather weak dependence on the bombarding energy. These events were investigated by several control experiments. Considering the uncertainties involved in the control experiments, it appears difficult to rule out if they originate completely from background neutron induced reactions or from any new process such as Coulomb fission as conjectured in some earlier studies. The results on different components of the fission cross sections have been discussed.


This paper explores algorithms for subspace clustering with missing data. In many high-dimensional data analysis settings, data points Lie in or near a union of subspaces. Subspace clustering is the process of estimating these subspaces and assigning each data point to one of them. However, in many modern applications the data are severely corrupted by missing values. This paper describes two novel methods for subspace clustering with missing data: (a) group-sparse sub-space clustering (GSSC), which is based on group-sparsity and alternating minimization, and (b) mixture subspace clustering (MSC), which models each data point as a convex combination of its projections onto all subspaces in the union. Both of these algorithms are shown to converge to a local minimum, and experimental results show that they outperform the previous state-of-the-art, with GSSC yielding the highest overall clustering accuracy.


We show that every globally asymptotically stable system with a twice continuously differentiable vector field admits a local polynomial Lyapunov function on an arbitrary bounded neighborhood of the origin.


This paper,through the interpretation of Wang Anyi's texts,analyzes the paradox in the emotion life of modern women,and thus deduces a theme of Wang's literary creations: a desolate sense of predestination and tragedy of women.On this basis,the paper further traces the change of the writer's creation tendency in 1990s,and interpretes the conciousness of the trend of reasonableness and the inclination of the women position,therefore,sums up the writer's exploration of the nature of the women's predicament in the new framework of understanding.Finally,the paper makes an active evaluation of the above-mentioned tendency in the present context.


The invention aiming at the problems of a reciprocal swinging type spring motor and an electric reciprocal motion device in connection and application, discloses four novel structure designs. Firstly, a lead-out connection mode of a rotor coil lead inside the spring motor is improved; secondly, an elastic spring device is arranged at the opening end of a connecting shaft; thirdly, a round flat sealing ring on a motor shaft is designed into a round funnel-shaped rubber sealing ring; and fourthly, a rectangular structure with four closed edges is changed into a mode that three frames are fixed structures and one frame is a mobile structure. By means of the methods and the structures, the spring motor is more reasonable in structure, connecting assembly and application, and more convenient, safer and more reliable to use.


Transformations in economic, political, social and cultural life of the modern society are causing an increase in extremist tendencies among the youth worldwide. Based on the anthropological approach, the study was aimed at identifying root causes (axiological, motivational, personal and socio-psychological) and a role of socio-cultural and environmental factors in the genesis of Russian students' extremist behavior. The study objectives were to evaluate regional environmental factors (economic, social and cultural), to reveal university students' personal and socio-psychological features, and to identify modern forms of the youth extremist behavior depending on regional specific features and young people's psychological characteristics. The study sample involved 813 university students from several regions of Russia. It has been found that modern forms of university students' extremist behavior include ethnic, information and political extremism. The Internet has been revealed to be a dominant socio-cultural and environmental factor determining individual and group mind of the modern youth. The study results have shown that the university students' attitudes to extremism are affected by the regional factors, namely the region of their origin and that of studying. In addition, there is a region-specific combination of psychological factors determining the youth attitudes to extremism. Among the young there seems to be much more disbalance between the reality of social transformations and the readiness for accepting them. Thus, the results obtained enable to develop measures of psychological support for university students to prevent them from extremist behavior.


[Objective]To research HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 allele frequency and polymorphism in the Buyi of Guizhou area.[Methods]Polyerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers(PCR-SSP)were used to type HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 gene polymorphisms of 96 unrelated healthy Buyi individuals of Guizhou area.[Results]We inspected 21 alleles of HLA-DRB1 and 7 alleles of HLA-DQB1.[Conclusion]This study has obtained a reliable data of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 allele frequency distribution in the Buyi of Guizhou area,which may be of significance in the studies on population genetics and disease association.


A mercapturic acid is an N-acetylated-S-substituted -L-cysteine in which the substitutive group is generally inert to further enzymic reaction (Wood, 1970). Detoxication of foreign compounds to mercapturic acids in mammals has been known for almost 100 years, however the source of cysteine for conjugation has only recently been positively determined.


ADHD is a condition common in children manifested with less concern , impulsive , and hiperaktifitas who do not according to the development of. The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of write therapy and brain gym to the behavior of preschool hyperactivity in children with ADHD. Design research quasy-eksperiment approach in pre- posttest without control group design for 12 children aged pre schools were using total of sampling. This research instruments SPPAHI use of the instruments. Statistical tests use the different 2 mean. The results of the study showed there is a difference in the effectiveness of brain the gym and therapeutic writing in behavior hiperaktivitas children aged pre schools with ADHD ( p value 0,007 ).This research could be one of alternative intervention nursing mandiri that can be done to deal with the behavior hiperaktif children adhd good at the school and home.


Abstract Complete mitochondrial genome sequences were determined for three common carp individuals captured at Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. They represent three of the five introduced strains of common carp in Japan, having the mtDNA D-loop haplotypes c1, d2 and e1. The three obtained mitogenome sequences were compared with two previously published mitogenomes that are identical in the D-loop region to haplotypes b1 and f1, representing the remaining two of the five introduced strains in Japan. Alignment (16 585 base pairs) of these five mitogenomes revealed 29 SNPs that are diagnostic for the five strains, detected through positive digestion by "rare-cutter" restriction enzymes.


Hydropower development is accelerating in the tropics, especially construction of small dams. Small dams are often classified as those lower than 15 m in height or with reservoir capacity less than 3 × 106 m3. Small dams frequently operate with water diversions from the main river channel, thereby affecting river connectivity through the creation of a dewatered reach. However, the extent and impact of dewatered reaches have been overlooked in most analyses of river fragmentation and dams to date. In Costa Rica, small dam development increased during the 1990s, ahead of current trends in other tropical regions. This study examined the effects of dams and their dewatered reaches on river connectivity at a national scale in Costa Rica. We adapted the Dendritic Connectivity Index and applied it to the four basins where over 80% of hydropower development has occurred. Our results showed that in two basins, the Sarapiqui and San Carlos, dewatered reaches contributed most to river fragmentation. In the Tarcoles and Reventazon basins, dams and dewatered reaches had similar effects on river fragmetnation. These different patterns can be explained by the spatial arrangement of dams in the individual river networks. We also found that dewatered reaches extended the elevation range of rivers affected by hydropower activity; this expansion was most significant in cases with interbasin water transfers. We discuss the implications of our findings on connectivity losses from dams for fishes whose range overlaps with hydropower activity. Our study may provide insights for other tropical countries with ongoing and future small dam development.


We report the first quantitative analysis of the Fe K-edge polarized x-ray absorption near edge structure of the iron protein carbonmonoxy-myoglobin (MbCO) single crystal and of its cryogenic photoproduct Mb(*)CO. The CO-Fe-heme local structure has been determined using a novel fitting procedure based on the full multiple scattering approach. The extracted local structure of Mb(*)CO includes a Fe-CO distance of (3.08+/-0.07) A, with a tilting angle between the heme normal and the Fe-C vector of (37+/-7) degrees, and a bending angle between the Fe-C vector and the C-O bond of (31+/-5) degrees.


A method for controlling handover of a user equipment device (UE) between (i) a first cell site that provides dual-connectivity service on a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second RAT and (ii) a second cell site that provides standalone first-RAT service, wherein the handover includes transitioning the UE from source first-RAT service to target first-RAT service. The method includes setting a handover threshold to use as a basis to evaluate whether target first-RAT coverage detected by the UE is sufficiently stronger than source first-RAT coverage detected by the UE, where setting the handover threshold includes setting the handover threshold to a value selected based on whether the UE has detected that second-RAT coverage of the first cell site meets a defined threshold measurement threshold. Further, the method includes applying the set handover threshold as a basis to control whether to invoke the handover of the UE.


Artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is a periodic structure with in-phase reflection, which can be used in dual-polarization dipole antenna to reduce profile height. In this study, a low-profile dual-polarized dipole antenna with an AMC reflector is proposed by improving the AMC structure. The antenna consists of a pair of orthogonal planar dipoles with U-shaped slots, two T-shaped feeding lines, and an AMC reflector. The overall height is 0.132λ2.2 GHz. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna has a wider bandwidth than other antennas of the same type. The impedance bandwidth of this antenna is 52% (1.65 GHz to 2.81 GHz), and the proposed antenna also has the advantages of low profile, high port isolation (< −30 dB), and low cross polarization (< −27 dB). These features can meet the current needs of the telecommunications industry.


Objective To investigate the impact of immunity-related GTPase Irgm1 on the regulation of neuronal autophagy in tMCAO mice.Methods Brain tissues were collected from Irgm1 +/+ tMCAO mice.Irgm1 and autophagy-related genes LC3-Ⅰ/ Ⅱ and p62 expression were detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining.In addition,we compared the expression of autophagy related genes between the brain tissues of Irgm+/+ and Irgm1+/+ mice after tMCAO.Results Irgm1 was increased in the cortex neurons of Irgm1 +/+ mice tMCAO compared to sham group.The increatted Irgml was accompanied by enhanced neuronal autophagic activity proved by higher expression of LC3-Ⅱ ( t =-16.448,P < 0.01 ) and lower expression of p62 (t=3.975,P<0.05) in Irgm1 +/++ mice tMCAO.However,we found that in Irgm1-/- mice the exprossion of Lc3- Ⅱ was lower ( P < 0.01 ) while the expression of p62 was higher ( P < 0.05 ) compared with that in Irgm1 +/+ mice.Conclusion The increased expression of Irgm1 in the neurons during tMCAO is important for neuronal autophagy.

Key words:
Irgm1 ;  tMCAO;  Neurons;  Auophagy


Objective To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of joint inspection of serum carbohydrate antigen 72-4(CA72-4),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9) and cancer antigen 125(CA125) in patients with ovarian cancer.Methods Serum CA72-4,CA19-9 and CA125 were measured with MLEIA in 75 patients with ovarian cancer and 50 controls.Results The level of serum CA19-9 and CA125 on tumor markers in patients with ovarian cancer were significantly higher than that in controls(P0.05).Positive rate of single marker(CA72-4,CA19-9 and CA125) was 5.3%,48.0%,64.0% respectively.Joint inspection of the three marker increased the positive rate was 92.0%.There was significant differences between single examination and combination examination.With the esclation of clinical stage,the positive rate of CA72-4,CA19-9 and CA125 were heightened with different levels.Conclusion The joint inspection of serum CA72-4,CA19-9 and CA125 can improve the diagnostic positive rate of ovarian cancer apparently.


CEREBRAL PALSY has been defined by I ~~Phelps as "comprising a group of conditions which affect the control of the voluntary motor system and which have their origin in lesions of various parts of the brain" (1) . Among the more common clinical signs are lack of balance, awkward posture and gait, uncontrollable movements of the arms or legs, and impaired speech, hearing, and vision. At least lhalf of all cases also suffer some degree of impairment of mental capacity. In addition, disturbances of perception may be present. The nature and extent of the disability depend on the location and the extent of the damage to the brain. The damage may occur before, during, or after birth, or subsequently as the result of a head injury, encephalitis,


For the beam transport system in storage ring, linear coupling is mainly caused by skew quadrupole and longitudinal solenoid field. It leads to emittance exchange and beam envelope augment. By using betatron motion of single particle in the presence of skew quadrupole and longitudinal solenoid field, the effect of the beam linear coupling is preliminarily investigated. Beam emittance variation due to skew quadrupole is obtained too.


Wieslaw Sadowski [Sadowski, W. 1959. A few remarks on the assortment problem. Management Sci. 6 (1, October).] has proposed a dynamic programming approach to the solution of the assortment problem by showing its equivalence to the shortest route problem and using Bellman's algorithm [Bellman, R. 1957. Dynamic Programming. Princeton, University Press, New Jersey.]. In this paper we offer an alternative solution which solves a slightly more general problem and prove a theorem which greatly reduces the amount of computation necessary to arrive at a solution.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the degree of de-toxification of Aristolochiae Fructus by honey-toasting technology from chemical viewpoint.

METHODS
The contents of aristolochic acid analogues (AAs) in Aristolochiae Fructus and its honey-toasted product were determined by HPLC, and the degree of de-toxification was evaluated comprehensively.

RESULTS
After honey-toasted, the contents of AAs decreased to varying degrees, and some new compounds were found.

CONCLUSION
The constituents and contents of Aristolochiae Fructus change after honey-toasted, which indicate honey-toasting can reduce the toxicity of Aristolochiae Fructus.


The ECRH ITER upper port antenna's role is to stabilize the neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) on either the q = 2 or 3/2 rational flux surfaces, which requires a narrow current deposition profile (jCD) over a wide range along the resonance surfaces. The width of jCD should be equivalent to the marginal island width to fully stabilise the NTM. Two antenna concepts are under consideration for the upper port launcher: front steering (FS) and remote steering (RS). The FS launcher decouples the steering and focusing aspects using a two mirror system (one focusing and one steering), achieving a wider steering range and higher current density for NTM stabilisation than required by ITER, offering a threefold increase in NTM stabilization efficiency over the RS launcher. The improved physics performance has motivated the further design study of the FS launcher aiming toward a build to print launcher. The present design is compatible with ⩾2.0 MW CW operation and 8 beams per port plug. A frictionless backlashfree system is envisioned for the steering mechanism. An overview of the launcher design, the calculated physics performance and the possibility of using the upper port launcher for extended physics applications (beyond NTM stabilisation) are discussed.


The role of infection in asthma is presently a paradox. While respiratory syncytial virus, among others, has long been believed to instigate immunological changes which lead to asthma, and rhinovirus might be an important contributory factor in the exacerbation of asthma symptoms in children and adults, there is increasing speculation that infections in early life have a protective role in the development of allergy and asthma. The motivation for this theory was the observation of a strong relationship between birth order and the risk of allergic disease and generic atopy which has consistently emerged from British cohorts spanning the last 40 years.1-3 One of the appeals of the infection hypothesis is its undoubted capacity to explain the increase in allergic disease in developed societies over recent years as an inevitable consequence of improved hygiene standards, increased immunisation, and reduced contact between children owing to declining family size and less crowded homes. A theory which was once based exclusively on epidemiological associations has now gained support on immunological grounds. As the mechanisms which control the immune response to allergen and the course of the events in early life leading to maturation of this system become better understood, it is evident that the microbial environment of early life is a potential influence on this process.4 Neither epidemiology nor immunology yet provide much evidence on the nature of the infection or infections likely to be involved, but each supplies some useful, though sometimes disparate, clues.

In this issue of Thorax Farooqi and Hopkin have taken a retrospective look at all the available health records of a relatively recent (1975–1984) birth group taken from a single general practice in Oxfordshire, and examined links between a diversity of early childhood infections and the subsequent diagnosis of allergic disease.5 This historical cohort study …


In this paper, an analytical quasi three-dimensional (3D) analysis is used to model an axial flux permanent magnet motor (AFPMM) with static eccentricity (SE) fault. Due to AFPMMs inherent 3D geometry, accurate modeling of AFPMMs requires 3D finite element analysis (FEA). However, 3D FEA is generally too time consuming. Proposed analytical quasi 3D modeling method gives the ability to reduce the time and size of computations by transforming 3D geometry of an AFPMM to several two-dimensional (2D) models, then treat each of the 2D models as a linear machine. Using quasi 3D modeling, the air-gap length variation, magnetic flux density and magnetic forces are modeled in an AFPMM with SE fault by analytical approaches. The results given by proposed method are compared to 3D FEA results and it is shown that these results are accurate enough to model the AFPMM with SE fault correctly. Moreover, using this method is significantly less time consuming process than 3D FEA simulation process which is a great advantage of this method. Finally an experimental validation using two test coils on stator teeth has been carried out to show the accuracy of the proposed method simulation results.


In the e-learning arena, the felicitators and learners are struggling to acclimatize themselves into the learning management system in correspondence to their teaching and learning styles. This paper is prepared to put forward a probabilistic and statistical approach which can enable the creation of a model to reveal the forthcoming of numerous learning techniques for the learners and to endow with the requisite learning methodology according to the learners quench and learning capability. We, in this paper have envisaged the Kolb Learning taxonomy for building the prediction model (LSM-Latent Learning Style Markov Model) using multi-stage markov assumption model. The LSM Multi-stage markov model puts forth numerous strategies of learning technique and its migration from one technique to the other during the advancement of the learning strategy. The evaluation of this model is analyzed with niche outcome and the manifestations are also analyzed with the requisite charts and plots. New learning methodologies are encapsulated taking into review various key facts and findings as the composites of cognitive, effective, and psychological stable metrics that the learners are capable of in the adaptive learning management system during the navigation process in their learning path in the corresponding mode. The progress of the methodology is made viable for the learners by providing the curriculum and its technique that fit the learning methodology. The challenging aspect of such adaptive methodology is the derivation of the capability of the learner's modeling technique. The learning methodology is identified with the help of cognitive traits of the learners. We develop a multi-stage learning module for formatting the dynamics of learning methodology based on the learner's activity log data analysis.


1. For wildlife researchers, disease specialists and policy analysts unfamiliar with the mathematical/statistical language of disease models, translation of probability statements into meaningful terms for disease research and control may be challenging. Markov chain models are powerful tools, applicable to the study of disease dynamics that allow straightforward calculations of easily interpretable metrics of interest including probabilities of infection/recovery, expected times to initial infection, duration of illness and life expectancies for susceptible and infected individuals.


In Michael Moore's important book Causation and Responsibility, he holds that causal contribution matters to responsibility independently of its relevance to action. We are responsible for our actions, according to Moore, because where there is action, we typically also find the kind of causal contribution that is crucial for responsibility. But it is causation, and not action, that bears the normative weight. This paper assesses this claim and argues that Moore's reasons for it are unconvincing. It is suggested that sometimes a person's responsibility for that to which he causally contributes depends on his recognition of an identity between himself and the protagonist of the event for which he is held responsible. Since this fact about identity is not captured by causal contribution, action matters to responsibility for reasons that are not exhausted by the fact that action involves causal contribution. The relevance of this idea for accomplice liability is also briefly discussed.


BACKGROUND
The increased tendency to thromboembolism in cancer patient has been recognized for a long time. However, arterial thromboembolism and thrombosis of the pulinonary artery have rarely been reported. Pulmonary thromboembolism is usually a complication of peripheral venous thrombosis.

CASE REPORT
Here we report on a 62-year-old female patient who presented with pulmonary artery thrombosis anti peritonitis carcinomatosa. Computed tomography of the thorax and digital subtraction angiography of both pulmonary arteries revealed multiple filling defects in virtually all the lobes of the right lung, in the mid-zone of the left lung, and a gross filling defect in the right main pulmoinary artery. These findings suggested that the thrombosis in the right pulmonary artery was primary rather than an embolus. No venotis thrombos is in the vena cava, pelvic veins, or any of the lower extremity veins was documented.

CONCLUSIONS
Although thrombosis of the pulmonary artery is rarely seen in cancer patients, it is usually fatal and needs urgent intervention to save the patient's life.


Objectives: Patient reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly used in orthopaedics as a tool to objectively assess subjective data and provide a sense of responsiveness to treatment. Unfortunately, there are several PROs and little data as to which outcome scores are most useful. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utilization and responsiveness of PROs reported in the literature after shoulder instability surgery. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the PubMed, SportDiscus, Cochrane, and CINHAHL databases according to PRISMA guidelines to identify studies published in the last 10 years which reported PROs after shoulder instability surgery. Articles were excluded if they were not primary research (case reports and review articles), were published only in abstract form, were not available in English, or did not report pre- and post-operative mean PRO values. The specific PROs utilized, number of patients, mean follow-up time, and preoperative and postoperative means and standard deviations were recorded for each article, For studies including preoperative and postoperative means and standard deviations of two or more PROs, and the comparative responsiveness (CR) of each PRO was assessed (CR was calculated by squaring PRO change score t-value ratio). Results: Abstracts from 112 studies were identified for full text review, and 29 studies ultimately met inclusion criteria. Sixteen different PROs were reported in various combinations in the included studies. Mean follow-up was 25.17 months (SD = 15.01) and mean sample size was 47.34 (SD = 59.06). The majority of studies (72.4%) utilized more than one PRO. The most commonly used PROs were the ASES (13 studies, 44.8%), Rowe (10, 34.5%), WOSI (8, 27.6%), VAS-pain (7, 24.1%), UCLA (7, 24.1%), and Constant (6, 20.7%). The remaining PRO tools appeared in 3 or fewer studies. Responsiveness of the different PRO tools was evaluated with a subset of 4 articles that included sample size, pre- and postoperative means, and pre- and post-operative standard deviations for PROs reported in this subset were the ASES, Rowe, WOSI, VAS-pain, and Constant scores. The Rowe score was much more responsive than both the ASES (RE = 22.8) and Constant scores (RE = 33.17). On the contrary, the VAS-pain was the least responsive, with RE = 0.57 when compared to the ASES, and RE = 0.32 when compared to the WOSI. ASES remained more responsive than the Constant (RE = 1.75), VAS-pain (RE = 1.75), and WOSI (RE = 0.97). Conclusion: Despite being less frequently utilized, the Rowe score was considerably more responsive than the ASES and Constant scores. ASES, Constant, and WOSI were similar to each other in terms of responsiveness, and the shoulder-specific scores were more responsive than the VAS-pain score. When assessing patient outcomes related to shoulder instability surgery, surgeons may want to consider employing the more sensitive, and instability-specific, Rowe score rather than other commonly used shoulder PROs.