Many recent biomedical applications use medium-power frequency-tunable terahertz (THz) sources, such as sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance, THz imaging, and biomedical treatment. As a promising candidate, a low-voltage gyrotron can generate watt-level, continuous THz-wave radiation. In particular, the frequency-pulling effect in a gyrotron, namely, the effect of the electron beam parameters on the oscillation frequency, can be used to tune the operating frequency. Most previous investigations used complicated and time-consuming gyrotron nonlinear theory to study the influence of many beam parameters on the interaction performance. While gyrotron linear theory investigation demonstrates the advantages of rapidly and clearly revealing the physical influence of individual key beam parameters on the overall system performance, this paper demonstrates systematically the use of gyrotron linear theory to study the frequency-pulling effect in a low-voltage gyrotron with either a Gaussian or a sinusoidal axial-field profile. Furthermore, simulations of a gyrotron operating in the first axial mode are carried out in the framework of nonlinear theory as a contrast. Close agreement is achieved between the two theories. Besides, some interesting results are obtained. In a low-current sinusoidal-profile cavity, the ranges of frequency variation for different axial modes are isolated from each other, and the frequency tuning bandwidth for each axial mode increases by increasing either the beam voltage or pitch factor. Lowering the voltage, the total tuning ranges are squeezed and become concentrated. However, the isolated frequency regions of each axial mode cannot be linked up unless the beam current is increased, meaning that higher current operation is the key to achieving a wider and continuous tuning frequency range. The results presented in this paper can provide a reference for designing a broadband low-voltage gyrotron.Many recent biomedical applications use medium-power frequency-tunable terahertz (THz) sources, such as sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance, THz imaging, and biomedical treatment. As a promising candidate, a low-voltage gyrotron can generate watt-level, continuous THz-wave radiation. In particular, the frequency-pulling effect in a gyrotron, namely, the effect of the electron beam parameters on the oscillation frequency, can be used to tune the operating frequency. Most previous investigations used complicated and time-consuming gyrotron nonlinear theory to study the influence of many beam parameters on the interaction performance. While gyrotron linear theory investigation demonstrates the advantages of rapidly and clearly revealing the physical influence of individual key beam parameters on the overall system performance, this paper demonstrates systematically the use of gyrotron linear theory to study the frequency-pulling effect in a low-voltage gyrotron with either a Gaussian or a sinusoi...


This paper estimates the marginal, total, and average cost and effectiveness of carbon taxes applied either by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) members alone, or as part of a global cooperative strategy, to reduce potential future emissions and their direct implications for employment in the US coal industry. Two sets of cases are examined, one set in which OECD members acts alone, and another set in which the world acts in concert. In each case set taxes are examined which achieve four alternative levels of emissions reduction: halve the rate of emissions growth, no emissions growth, 20[percent] reduction from 1988 levels, and 50[percent] reduction from 1988 levels. For the global cooperation case, carbon tax rates of [dollar sign]32, [dollar sign]113, [dollar sign]161, and [dollar sign]517 per metric ton of carbon (mtC) were needed in the year 2025 to achieve the objectives. Total costs were respectively [dollar sign]40, [dollar sign]178, [dollar sign]253, and [dollar sign]848 billions of 1990 US dollars per year in the year 2025. Average costs were [dollar sign]32, [dollar sign]55, [dollar sign]59, and [dollar sign]135 per mtC. Costs were significantly higher in the cases in which the OECD members states acted alone. OECD member states,more » acting alone, could not reduce global emissions by 50[percent] or 20[percent] relative to 1988, given reference case assumptions regarding developing and recently planned nations economic growth.« less


Alexander Nehamas' views on the interpretation of predication in Plato have been expressed in different ways in a number of papers.' Those views are closely related to the views of Charlotte L. Stough, appearing in her paper "Forms and Explanation in the Phaedo". Nehamas' presentation is however somewhat confusing because the view he presents does not quite correspond to the description he gives of that view. In this paper I attempt to sort this matter out somewhat. In particular, I wish to show that either Nehamas' description of his view is incorrect, i.e., that it is not the view he holds and presents, or else, that his view, if he does indeed hold the view he describes himself as holding, is not supported by any of the evidence he adduces, and that in fact, that evidence is rather evidence against his view. Nehamas' view of Platonic predication generally takes its rise from an analysis of self-predication (as well as from ontological opinions, found in "Confusing Universals and Particulars in Plato's Early Dialogues"). He puts it this way: "My suggestion is that we should accept the following analysis of self-predication:


Abstract : Shortages of items in use often occur in operating systems where the component units are located at distances from one another. A specific recoverable item is considered for a Navy system in which a stock of spares and a repair facility are located at each advance base. With each repair facility viewed as a queueing system, expressions for the expected number of back orders for the total system are derived. A marginal approach is proposed for determining the optimal allocation of spares to each advance base.


Password guessing attack is the most direct way to break information systems. Using appropriate methods to generate password dictionaries can accurately evaluate the security of password sets. This paper proposes a new approach to the Chinese password set security evaluation that is named Chinese Syllables and Neural Network-based password generation (CSNN). In CSNN, each chinese syllable is treated as an integral element, and the spelling rules of chinese syllable can be used to parse and process the passwords. The processed passwords are then trained in the neural network model of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), which is used to generate password dictionaries (guessing sets). To evaluate the performance of CSNN, the hit rates of guessing sets generated by CSNN is compared with the two classical approaches (i.e., Probability Context-Free Grammar (PCFG) and 5th-order Markov chain model). In the hit rate experiment, guessing sets of different scales are selected; the results show that the comprehensive performance of guessing sets generated by CSNN is better than PCFG and 5th-order markov chain model. Compared with PCFG, different scales of CSNN guessing sets can improve 5.1%~7.4% in hit rate on some test sets by 107 guesses (average 6.3%); Compared with 5th-order markov chain model, the CSNN guessing sets increased its hit rate by 2.8% to 12% (with an average of 8.2%) by 8×105 guesses.


Objective To explore whether CD36 synthetic peptide(93-110)had the inhibitory effect on experimental silicosis in mice or not.Methods Mice were divided randomly into four experimental groups:saline control,SiO2 exposed group,CD36(93-110)functional peptide treated group and CD36(208-225)control peptide treated group.Mice were killed at 7,14 and 21days after instillation,respectively,determinate the lung coefficient,meanwhile,the expressions of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ in lung tissues were measured by immunohistochemical technique.Results The results showed that there was obvious reduce of lung coefficient and collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ expression could be seen in mice of CD36 synthetic peptide group(P0.05)at 14 and 21days after instillation.Quantitative image analysis showed that average of integrated optical density(OD)of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ in CD36 synthetic peptide group was lower significantly than SiO2 group and CD36 control peptide group at 14 and 21 days after instillation(P0.05).Conclusions The results suggest that CD36 functional peptide(93-110)has good inhibiting effect on pulmonary fibrosis in experimental silicosis mice.


Aim: To present a case of bilateral ocular ischemic syndrome associated with severe carotid artery occlusive disease and to discuss any possible etiological factors, including parathyroid adenoma. Case Presentation: We report a rare and unusual case of bilateral ocular ischemic syndrome, secondary to internal carotid artery atherosclerosis, occurring as a result of primary hyperparathyroidism. Discussion: A significant decrease in the visual acuity may be an early sign of PH. Considering calcium homeostasis in the eye is useful in establishing the right diagnosis of PH. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral ocular ischemic syndrome associated with primary hyperparathyroidism.


Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) are a complex attack method aimed at specific targets to steal high-value sensitive information or damage the target organization's infrastructure. The attackers patiently and constantly look for new methods to invade each endpoint in the target network system and formulate different attack strategies in different links. This purposeful, organized, and premeditated group targeted attack seriously threatens the country and the enterprise network security. Some of the proposed APT detection defense methods apply only to individual stages of attacks. They are constrained to the study of APT attack detection defense as a whole (from detection to target completion). In this survey paper, we first introduce the origin and attack mechanism of APT and compare it with the traditional attacks. We summarize a universal five-stage APT attack model, listing attack techniques and methods of different stages, which provide the basis for the design of threat detection defense framework, and finally, the optional detection defense techniques for different attack stages.


A large-vocabulary isolated word recognition system based on linked predictive neural networks (LPNNs) is presented. In this system, neural networks are used as predictors of speech frames, enabling a pool of such networks to serve as phoneme models. Higher-level algorithms are used to organize these networks, linking them into sequences corresponding to the phonetic spellings of words, and to train and evaluate the networks for word recognition. By virtue of linking phonemic networks, the LPNN is vocabulary independent and can be applied to large-vocabulary recognition. Recognition rates of 94% for a 234-word Japanese vocabulary of acoustically similar words and 90% for a larger vocabulary of 924 words are obtained.<<ETX>>


A simple and convenient strategy is described for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via inexpensive copper-catalyzed tandem imine formation and intramolecular aerobic oxidative C–H bond amination/cyclizations. An array of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were prepared by the reaction of readily available acetophenones and 2-aminopyridines in good to excellent yields (48–92%). The scope of the method was validated by a single step synthesis of Zolimidine, a drug used for peptic ulcers, in 61% yield.


The key technology of micro optic gyroscopes (MOGs) is to fabricate low-loss waveguide and use coupling technology to form reciprocal structure. The main topic in this paper is to study the coupling structure of MOG's spiral-ring waveguide. Using for the reference of fiber's low-loss character, the fiber-preform project is chosen as optimization means. According to the singlemode conditions, the width and thickness of rectangle waveguide can be calculated. The bend loss waveguide can decrease by means of introducing an offset at the junction of two waveguides and etching groove at the outside of bend waveguide. In this article intersection waveguide is designed to reduce the difficulty of coupling processing. Light in-and-out port coupled at opposite side is choosen for machining easiness in experiment.What's more, the edge-coupling technology being put forward to keep light transmit along the same rotary direction. An efficient means is introduced, which uses angle 45°to reflect the light to couple two waveguide at inside-end or outside-end, and outside-end coupling is chosen for processing convenience in the design. In experiment, the waveguide be fabricated by thick photoresist AZ4620, etched by RIE, When the angle of wafer and ion is set 85°, the angle of one sidewall can be etched almost 45°. It's benefit to design the coupling structure of MOG's spiral-ring waveguide.


Objective: To explore the effect of insulin resistance on the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods: Forty eight male SD rats were randomly allocated into control group(n=6) fed with standard diet for 8 weeks and model group(n=42) induced by high fat diet.The model group was divided into 7 groups,these rats were sacrificed at the 2,4,6,8,10,12,14wk of the experiment respectively.Body weight,liver weight,fasting blood glucose(FBG),serum triglyceride(TG),fasting serum insulin(FIns) level and liver histology were detected.Results:The livers presented the pathology of hepatocyte steatosis at 8 week in rats of model group.In comparison with the control group,there was difference in FBG,FIns,TG,insulin sensitivity index(ISI),HDL-C and the degree of fatty liver in model group.TG and FIns were positive correlation with the degree of hepatocyte steatosis.Conclusion:Insulin resistance generally presents in rats with NAFLD.Insulin resistance may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.


submitted to AIAA Science and Technology Forum , 5–9 January 2015, Kissimmee, FL Nonlinear Reduced Models for Control Design of Flexible-Free Flying Aircraft N. D. Tantaroudas ∗ University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GH, United Kingdom A. Da.Ronch , University of Southampton, Southampton, S017 1BJ, United Kingdom K. J. Badcock ‡ University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GH, United Kingdom Y. Wang § R. Palacios ¶ Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom This paper describes a systematic approach to nonlinear model order reduction of freeflying aircraft and the subsequent flight control design. System nonlinearities arise due to large wing deformation and the coupling between flexible and rigid body dynamics. The non-linear flight dynamics equations are linearised and the approach uses information on the eigenspectrum of the resulting coupled system Jacobian matrix and projects it through a series expansion onto a small basis of eigenvectors representative of the full-order dynamics. The testcase is the very flexible wing representative of the Helios wing which was developed by NASA and the aeroelastic solver is validated against other frameworks for gust responses. Nonlinear reduced order models are generated and used for faster parametric worst case gust searches of the full order nonlinear flight dynamic response and are exploited for complex control methodologies such as H∞, H2 and adaptive control designs. Nomenclature b = semi-chord xα = aerofoil static unbalance, Sα/m b R = residual vector ch = non-dimensional distance from the mid-chord to the flap hinge U∞ = freestream velocity UL = linear flutter speed ρ∞ = freestream density w = vector of unknowns A,B,C = first,second and third order Jacobian operators Bc,Bw = control,and disturbance recuded vector wg = gust vertical normalized velocity Ph.D. Student, School of Engineering; firstname.lastname@example.com (Corresponding Author). Lecturer, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment; Member AIAA. Professor, School of Engineering. Senior Member AIAA. Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Aeronautics, AIAA Student Member Reader, Department of Aeronautics. Member AIAA. 1 of 13 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics W0 = intensity of gust vertical velocity L, M = lift and pitch moment w1, . . . , w8 = augmented aerodynamic states for each deformable aerofoil section Greek α = angle of attack δ = trailing-edge flap deflection Ψ = matrix of left coupled system eigenvectors Φ = matrix of right coupled system eigenvectors


To the Editor: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection rates are very low in industrialized countries. A noticeable fall in the prevalence of HAV antibodies (anti-HAV) has been reported in southern European and Mediterranean countries such as Spain (1) and Greece (2), reflecting improvements in hygiene standards in the last decades.


An incomplete skull of unknown sex of a sub-adult spectacled porpoise (Phocoena dioptrica Lahille, 1912) was collected at Macquarie Island (54°30'S, 159°00'E) in July 1957. Cranial measurements are given, and the specimen is compared with other phocoenids. This is the second specimen of P. dioptrica reported from the subantarctic southwest Pacific, and this record adds support to the suggestion that the species may have a circumpolar distribution in subantarctic latitudes.


Filter assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, a printed circuit board having a plurality of electrical components; A base provided below the printed circuit board; And an inductor coupled to the base and having a coil to which a current is applied, wherein the printed circuit board includes a through hole through which at least a portion of the coil passes.


Teaching learning strategies of Montessori Method can give better result in spite of the traditional approach. Montessori schools are playing a vital role for early childhood education and in the pre-primary section by following the Montessori Method.


of their quality. Thus, the contents begin with a vigorous round-table discussion on the state of French-Revolution studies, whilst this is followed by high-quality addresses by the leading British experts, Jeremy Black and Alan Forrest, on France's failure as a great power between 1750 and 1815 and the vision of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars that may be derived from the letters written by French soldiers to their friends and families. After that, however, things become more mixed. There are many excellent contributions—examples here include Hanley on Napoleon's manipulation of the press; Blaufarb on military views of the French National Guard; Cuccia on popular vocal music of the French Revolution; Dym on the restoration of absolutism in Spain in 1814; Harmon on law and order in the Isère; and Vehse on the Jewish experience of French occupation in Hamburg. But at the same time there are also several papers that do little other than retail military or biographical narrative. On occasion this is not without interest— in this instance reading between the lines offers some useful details on both the relationship between the French and their German allies and the Prussian "people's war of 1813"—but the fact is that most of the campaigns of the Napoleonic Wars have been so thoroughly analysed that what is on offer here does little to advance the frontiers of historical knowledge. There will always be a place for the history of military operations, but what we need is not more of the same, but insights into aspects of the struggle that have hitherto gone undiscussed: the value of this collection of papers would have been infinitely greater had it included discussions of, say, the Finnish insurrection of 1808, or Russian ethnic cleansing in the Balkans in the war against Turkey of 1806–12. Turning to the wider subject of the Napoleonic empire, the comparative lack of papers on such subjects as reform, resistance, and collaboration in the French imperium is quite striking. And, finally, it is a little disturbing to observe the presence of one or two contributions that are little more than imperial propaganda. So, two cheers only for the content on this occasion, but, a fortiori, three cheers for the Consortium as an institution: long may it continue.


Abstract ALTHOUGH rapid dehydration of cut-up poultry is an important economic problem in the poultry industry little information is available on the relative rates of dehydration and spoilage of poultry and poultry parts cut up in various ways and stored at different temperatures. Hawks and Buzen (1954) and Bowes (1959) emphasized the problem of increased dehydration when poultry is cut up and also the effect of holding temperatures on dehydration but supplied no data. Newell, Gwin and Jull (1948) in a study of dehydration reported that whole carcasses stored in ice tended to gain weight whereas those packed without ice lost weight. Heitz (1958) reported that under commercial conditions shrinkage of cut-up poultry amounts to slightly over 6 percent. Jordan and Saunders (1958) in a field study of this problem reported that fryers cut up in supermarkets lost an average of 1.8 percent in weight from dehydration while those cut up …


The objective of this work is to establish a reliable and reproducible molecular method based on SSRs, which allows us to carry out a molecular characterization of selected Phytophthora cinnamomi resistant trees for their certification. Molecular analyses were performed on three Asiatic Castanea species used in hybridization programs with C. sativa. Moreover, C. sativa plants including forest provenances, and fruit selections, and four selected P. cinnamomi resistant clones have also been analyzed. Twelve SSRs loci previously described on C. sativa were assayed. The results obtained showed that ten of the twelve SSRs loci tested (KT002a, KT015a, CsCAT1, CsCAT3, CsCAT6, CsCAT14, CsCAT16, EMCs14, QpZag36, QpZag110) generated reproducible fragments and were used for genotype identification. A genetic similarity matrix based of the Dice coefficient was obtained with the microsatellite data. This matrix was used to group all accessions using UPGMA. The generated dendrogram showed two main clusters well defined and separated, with a low genetic similarity coefficient (0.09). Cluster number I was subdivided in two subclusters grouping all C. crenata and C. sativa plants respectively. All selected P. cinnamomi resistant clones grouped with the C. sativa accessions, except one of the selected clones from A Coruna. Cluster number II was also subdivided in two subclusters, grouping all C. mollissima and C. henryi plants respectively. Microsatellite analysis allowed us to assign with some reliability the Phytophthora resistant trees to a given species. Nevertheless, this reliability will be improved by increasing the genetic variability to analyze, which is a work that is currently in progress.


Dye was extracted from whole plant of Justicia carnea hooker, using soxhlet extraction method. The dyestuff extracted gave a percentage yield of 92.8% and was successfully applied on leather, cotton, and wool. The extracted dye showed solubility in distilled water, HCl, H2SO4, ethanol and NaHCO3 respectively. Dye extract also shows a pH 9, TLC revealed blue, green and yellow colours with RF values of 0.83, 0.86 and 0.89, λmax was 480 and gave a green shade. Sulphanilic diazonium chloride was used as the coupler and it produced a brown shade in each of the substrates applied on and fastness test gave good result. pH for the coupled dye was 8.2 while TLC revealed yellow and orange colours with RF values of 0.98 and 0.95 respectively. λmax obtained were 400nm and 480nm. Acid fastness, alkaline fastness, sunlight fastness and wash fastness of coupled dye were determined and compared to a standard Gray Scale rating. Thin layer chromatography carried out showed that dyestuff can be extracted from Justicia carnea hooker.


Dicey's constitutional theory has an important effec t on the practice of China. However, insisting on his theory implies that we canno t establish constitutional review. I analyze further the cause of lacking judici al review in Dicey's constitutional theory from three aspects, that is, first, the principle of parliamentary sovereign establishes unexamined law; Secondly, f ormal rule of law stops the possibility of inquiring the legitimacy of law; Thir dly, constitutional convention is intended to explain constitutional morality, s o this misleads the view of judicial review. Constitutional law without morality comes to the position of how to understand Dicey's constitutional law.


Abstract The paper is structured in three parts. Part 1 discusses the position and status of English in 15 countries or education systems in East Asia, with the term East Asia used to cover Southeast and Northeast Asia. Part 2 of the paper is devoted to recent developments in English Language Teaching (ELT) in the 15 countries or education systems, while Part 3 attempts some generalizations on the teaching of English in East Asia with regard to issues and problems. One of these issues is concerned with the suitability of certain imported teaching techniques in settings where English is seldom used outside the classroom. Some of the problems are conceptualized as dilemmas.


(1982). Human Capital and Institutional Theories of the Labor Market: Rivals or Complements? Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 255-272.


Recycled glass material is made from hundred percent recycled bottle glass and consume less energy than re-melt technology. It also uses no additives in the manufacturing process allowing the recycled glass material, in principal, to go back to the recycling stream after end-of-use, contributing to the circular economy with a low ecological impact.
Previous research with low temperature fused recycled bottle glass was developed for the manufacturing of interior tiles and commissioned by an architectural practice for a new build which was based on sustainable principles. The research considered objective mechanical criteria such as flexural bending strength, stability and stain and scratch resistance. It also emphasized on aesthetic development such as colouring, translucency, texture and reproducibility.
Continuing from previous research results the material is believed to behold properties in which it can be used for other architectural applications such as pavements, wall cladding, or even non-structural furniture. This is a relatively new architectural material of which there has been little publications in material specifications or processes for mechanical testing.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the procedure for testing the recycled glass material for impact resistance, so it can be applied to pavements and other surfaces which are at risk of impact during service. A review of different impact test procedures for construction materials was undertaken, comparing methodologies and international standards applied to other materials such as natural stone, ceramics and glass.
 A new drop weight impact testing machine was designed and manufactured in-house to perform these tests. As a case study, samples of the recycled glass material were manufactured with two different thicknesses and tested. The impact energy was calculated theoretically, obtaining results with 5 and 10 Joules. The results on the material were subsequently discussed.
 Improvements on the procedure can be made using high speed video technology to calculate velocity just before and immediately after the impact to know the absorbed energy.
The initial results obtained in this procedure were positive although repeatability needs to be developed to obtain a correlation of results and finally be able to validate the procedure. The experiment with samples showed the practicality of this procedure and application to the recycled glass material impact testing although further research needs to be developed.


The possibility of obtaining various torque-speed characteristics from a wound rotor induction motor by operating such a motor close to its rotor resonance is discussed. It is shown that, by the use of reactive rotor networks, high starting and braking torques may be obtained. An induction motor operating with this technique of speed control also reacts favorably to nonsinusoidal supply voltages and has an improved power factor. No auxiliary machines or power supplies are required, and any slip ring induction motor of conventional design can be used.<<ETX>>


SUMMARY: Aqueous systems at four pH's containing ascorbic acid and various levels of organophosphate insecticides were prepared. The rate of ascorbic acid oxidation was measured polarographically. Organophosphate insecticides tested exhibited antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of malathion in the presence of copper ions was lost when EDTA was added. Oxygenated, oxidized and hydrolyzed samples of organophosphates still had antioxidant activity. Experimental evidence indicates that the phosphate moiety of malathion is responsible for this antioxidant activity. It is postulated that the antioxidant activity might be due to the phosphate's ability to chelate metal ions.


Ultrasound-mediated DNA delivery (UDD) is a technique that utilizes ultrasound to aid the transfer of genetic materials into bacterial cells of interest (either in their planktonic or biofilm modes), resulting in new functionalities being displayed by the target microorganisms in-situ. The physical mechanism of UDD is poorly understood, which hampers its widespread adoption and scaling. To investigate the role of cavitation in UDD, we utilized a static pressure vessel designed to suppress cavitation while leaving other acoustic effects unaltered. Pseudomonas putida UWC1, a soil bacterium that is not naturally competent, was suspended in water and exposed to 40 kHz burst-mode ultrasound (400 cycle burst, 10 Hz repetition frequency, 60 s total) at an ambient pressure of either 1 bar or 9.5 bars. Noise diagnostics yielded inertial cavitation levels and transformed cells were quantified using a doubly selective reporter plasmid DNA. Samples exposed at 9.5 bars overpressure exhibited a drastic reduction in both cavitation activity and the number of transformed cells compared to those exposed at 1 bar. (Cell viability was not affected by pressure change.) The fact that transformation rates are reduced significantly when cavitation is suppressed suggests that acoustic cavitation is the major contributing factor in UDD.


Modeling and Simulation methods have been used to better analyze the behavior of complex physical systems and it is now common to use simulation as a part of the scientific and technological discovery process. Formal M&S proved to be successful in providing a sound base for the development of discrete-event simulation models, improving the ease of model definition and enhancing application development tasks. The DEVS formalism is one of these techniques, which proved to be successful in providing means for modeling while reducing development complexity and costs. We will present a historical perspective of discrete-event M&S methodologies and will introduce DEVS origins and general ideas. We will then show the current status of DEVS M&S, and we will discuss a technological perspective to solve current M&S problems (including real-time simulation, interoperability and model-centered development techniques) and its application in different fields. We will finally show current open topics in the area, which include advanced methods for centralized, parallel or distributed simulation, the need of real-time modeling techniques, and our view in these fields.


The analysis of individual records from the 1861 and 1881 manuscript censuses from 3 Ontario (Canada) cities--Toronto London and Kingston--provided documentation of the importance of sociodemographic factors in the decline in marital fertility in this time period. A total of 11504 records for women 15-49 years of age were available for review. The dependent variable was the number of children 0-4 years old for each married woman; independent variables were mothers religion mothers birthplace maternal age social class and region. In 1861 fertility differentials were most closely associated with age maternal birthplace and locality. Women 25-34 years of age who were born in Ireland had significantly higher fertility than their counterparts born in Canada or elsewhere and than older Irish-born women. In addition marital fertility was highest in Kingston and lowest in Toronto. By 1881 however the effects of city were no longer significant and the strongest differentials were related to religion. The largest declines in marital fertility between 1861 and 1881 occurred among Methodists; Anglicans showed reductions in the middle range while Catholics and Presbyterians experiences the smallest reductions. A somewhat weaker but still significant inverse correlation was found between social class and marital fertility with women from the lowest social group exhibiting the highest fertility. A comparison of fertility changes between 1861 and 1881 further revealed evidence of both birth spacing and birth stopping. The average fertility reduction in the 20-39 year age group was 20% while that in the 40 years and over group was 40%. Although birthplace was no longer a significant correlate of marital fertility in 1881 Canadian-born women of Irish descent had higher fertility than others. Finally there was a significant closing of the fertility differential between Toronto and the other 2 cities in the study period. This reduction in spatial differentiation reflected the increasing correspondence of fertility behavior to religion and general diffusion through the urban hierarchy.


Development and implementation of the core collection voting system by the researchers and profesors of the Exact Sciences Faculty of Universidad de Buenos Aires.
With the obtained results, number of titles and current coverage so much as the community participation.


Giuseppe De Blasiis (1832-1914), a patriot and professor of "National History" at the University of Naples, distinguished himself in the search for documents about Southern Italy in the medieval and modern ages in order to find evidences of the Italian unification process according to a Romantic and Risorgimental idea.


A method of forming an abrupt junction device having a semiconductor substrate (102) 100 (1100) is provided. Gate dielectric layer 104 is formed over the semiconductor substrate 102, 1104, is formed a gate 106 over the gate dielectric layer 104 is 1106. Is formed on the side wall spacers 200, the semiconductor substrate 102 adjacent to gate 106 and gate dielectric 104 (1108). A thick layer 300 is formed by selective epitaxial growth on a semiconductor substrate (102) adjacent to the sidewall spacer 200 (1110). The raised source / drain dopant implanted regions (402, 404) is formed in at least a portion of a thick layer 300, 1112. Silicide layers (602, 604) is formed in at least a portion of the source / drain bump dopant implanted regions 402 and 404, silicide layers 602, 604 directly below, these silicide layers (602, 604 ) and the dopant from the formation of a rich source / drain regions 606 and 608 (1114). The silicide layers 602, 604 over the dielectric layer 900, the contact for the silicide layer 602, 604 in the following, the dielectric layer 900 is deposited (1002, 1004) are formed. A semiconductor device, a silicide layer, the dopant profile, level, height, and contact


Towards the investigation of polydisperse complex plasmas, the generation of binary mixtures is a first and important step. In this paper, the requirements for the generation of two-dimensional binary mixtures are discussed and first experiments are presented. In particular, the material dependent mass loss of the particles is taken into account by monitoring the charge-to-mass ratio of both species using a resonance method. The charge ratio q1/q2 of the species is determined and the spacial properties of the two-component crystals are examined and compared to numerical simulations.


Shadowing has been widely utilized in English language teaching classes, especially in interpretation training courses for decades and has become a topic of avid interest to various researchers such as Lambert (1992), Murphey (1995, 2001), Shiota (2012), Hamada (2014). However, there is no research conducted on the effect of implementing shadowing on fluency improvement in English interpretation in Vietnam. This study aims to investigate the possible connection between shadowing practices and the interpreting performance of third-year English-major students in the educational context at Hanoi University of Industry (HaUI). Fifty-four third year students at Faculty of Foreign Languages (FFL), HaUI took part in the two-month experimental research, divided randomly in two groups including experimental group and control group. The research findings showed a strong influence of shadowing techniques on fluency improvement of the experimental group. The paper presentation first describes the pedagogical procedure for applying shadowing to enhance English major students' interpreting performance in terms of fluency at FFL, HaUI. After that, the methods and results are presented to prove the effectiveness of shadowing in the interpreting teaching and learning context. Finally, practical implications are suggested to further probe into the potential impacts of shadowing on other aspects of interpretation teaching, such as accuracy, motivation, and learner autonomy. The presentation, hopefully, provides useful information for teachers and researchers in the domain of interpretation, in general, and interpreting teaching activities at tertiary education, in particular.


Allergy to common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is increasingly important from a clinical standpoint, but surprisingly, little is known on the secondary metabolites of this plant and their potential involvement in the severity of the allergic reactions induced by its pollen. Along with known compounds, eight novel sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the aerial parts of A. artemisiifolia, evidencing the presence of large amounts of electrophilic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives. Because compounds of this type were also present in pollen, their reactivity with thiols was investigated and correlated to the activation of TRPA1, a polymodal sensor highly expressed in the aerial pathways and involved in airways sensory irritation, a common complication of allergy to Ambrosia.


responsibility: she could send the waitresses back to the kitchen if she felt that they had not organized the orders correctly. At this particular checker's stand, there were two lines of girls coming through, serving two different dining rooms. Furthermore, the checker had a telephone where she took calls for room service and wrote down the orders that the customers called in from upstairs. During the rush hours, the place was in an uproar. Suppose we were to try to solve this problem through getting the people to understand each other better-training the waitresses to understand the checker's point of view, training the checker to understand the waitresses, and so on. By now it must be obvious that such an effort would be a waste of time. As long as the flow of work was bogged down in such a traffic snarl, friction was inevitable. The first requirement in this situation was to reorganize the flow of work so as to avoid overtaxing the social and technical capacities of the checker and to minimize the delays to the waitresses, which so complicated their relations with both the customers and the kitchen personnel. Only when such a reorganization had been accomplished would it be worthwhile to undertake some human relations training-and at this point we might find that we have eliminated the need for it, at least as far as waitresses and checkers are concerned (pp. 16-17). In the case of the friction between waitresses and the checker, this is what Edith Lentz was able to do. She developed a plan whereby the two lines of waitresses going to the different dining rooms were separated and a second checker was added to service the second line. Furthermore, the room service responsibility was taken away from the checkers altogether so that they could give full attention to the waitresses. These changes resulted in reducing the friction between checkers and waitresses to a reasonably tolerable level. Even more drastic changes in work flow are possible. For example, some large and busy restaurants have eliminated the position of checker altogether, distributing her responsibilities to the waitresses and their dining room supervisors. Obviously, as you eliminate one position, you also eliminate the friction between that position and others (p. 26).


Solubility at 5 - 75 °C and thermodynamic parameters of halogenated mimetites Pb5(AsO4)3X

B. Puzio*, J. Sordyl and M. Manecki

AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Kraków, Poland (*correspondence: email@example.com)

Mimetite Pb5(AsO4)3Cl, apatite supergroup member, is a mineral of very low solubility. A very flexible structure of apatite allows for substitution of Cl by F, OH, Br, or even I. Due to lack of solubility constants Ksp, and other thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy of formation ΔHof, specific heat capacity Cop entropy of formation Sof, Gibbs free energy of formation ΔGof), it is unclear which of the investigated phases is the most soluble or most stable. Answers to these questions have multiple environmental and technological consequences.

The objective of this study was to run dissolution experiments of synthetic halogenated analogs of mimetite: Pb5(AsO4)3F, Pb5(AsO4)3OH, Pb5(AsO4)3Cl, Pb5(AsO4)3Br, and Pb5(AsO4)3I, and determine their solubility at 5  - 75 °C which allows to calculate thermodynamic functions of state.

Pure phases have been successfully synthesized by precipitation from aqueous solutions. Batch dissolution and dissolution–recrystallization experiments were conducted for up to 9 months in triplicates at 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 and 75 °C, at pH = 3.5 (to avoid crystallization of secondary phases during dissolution), in a 0.05 M NH4NO3 background electrolyte. A plateau in the [Pb] evolution patterns was used to determine equilibrium. The ion activity products (IAP) of the mimetites were calculated based on the dissolution reaction:

Pb5(AsO4)3X  < = > 5{Pb2+}  +  3{AsO43-}  +  {X-}

where the brackets denote activity and X means F-, OH-, Cl-, Brâ€‘ or I-. The new, experimentally determined values of logKsp at 25 °C for mimetites are: -76.45±0.72; -77.71±0.38; -76.82±0.55; -76.13±0.54 and -72.48±0.45 respectively. The logKsp of Pb5(AsO4)3Cl determined here is in very good agreement with the logKsp determined by Bajda, 2010 (the discrepancy equals to 0.62%). The nonlinear regression of logKsp versus temperature allowed for calculation of ΔHof, Cop, Sof and ΔGof. The calculated ΔGof for mimetites increases linearly with the increase of ionic radius of X-. Thus, the most stable phase is F-mimetite while the least stable, in terms of Gibbs free energy of formation, is I-mimetite. The thermodynamic data reported in this study supplement existing databases used in geochemical modeling.

Financial support for the research was provided to B.P. by the Polish National Science Centre (NCN) grant No. 2017/27/N/ST10/00776.

Bajda T. (2010) Solubility of mimetite Pb5(AsO4)3Cl at 5–55 °C. Environ. Chem. 7, 268–278.


Spatter generated from the welding point is scattered over the welding environment in the state of hightemperature particles. Spatter mostly adheres to the base metal surface and impairs the quality of welded products. It is therefore necessary to remove adhering spatter. The recent trend towards automation of welding operations by robots has implied sensors and welding fixtures being generally provided to ensure surveillance of welding states. If spatter adheres to such peripheral equipment, this may cause spurious operation of robots, raise the problems of seizure of welding fixtures and poor weld quality, and even disrupt the progression of welding operations altogether. However, spatter as a molten metal is scattered while at the same time sustaining radiation of heat into the atmosphere and evolution of heat due to oxidation, with the bulk of the spatter generated changing from a molten state into a solidified state. When spatter reaches the base metal surface or peripheral equipment, there is a strong possibility of it adhering when in a molten state and not adhering when in a solidified state. Whether or not spatter adhesion takes place is governed by the cooling state of the spatter scattered through the air, i.e. the spatter temperature. Spatter is also susceptible to the effects of the scattering path and velocity. To solve problems associated with the adhesion of spatter generated during arc welding, it is therefore important to clarify the scattering behaviour of spatter through the air. This article uses photographs of the scattering trajectory of spatter generated during CO 2 gas shielded arc welding to investigate the scattering behaviour and temperature of spatter. More specifically, the scattering trajectory is photographed, the scattering velocity and acceleration of the spatter are determined from this trajectory, and the drag sustained by the spatter during scattering is also ascertained. The temperature of spatter scattered through the air is further determined on the assumption of the spatter being cooled by coercive convective heat transfer and radiant heat transfer, and the relationship between the Reynolds number and drag coefficient of the scattering spatter is determined. On the basis of these results, the scattering trajectory of the spatter is calculated and compared with corresponding measurement results.


Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize the root systems of most natural grassland species and usually increase plant growth by enhancing nutrients provision. This effect on growth responses of cultivated forage grasses is scarcely known, particularly under nutritional deficit conditions. We examined total biomass production, aboveground and belowground biomass and tillering of three temperate and three tropical cultivated forage grasses. Seedlings of each species were inoculated with a mixture of mycorrhizal fungi and later grown for 5 months under nutritional deficit conditions. The mycorrhizal symbiosis promoted aboveground and belowground biomass production in five out of six grass species. Grass species differed in their mycorrhizal responsiveness: tropical grasses (Panicum coloratum cv. Klein = Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu > Paspalum dilatatum cv. Primo) responded better than temperate (Festuca arundinacea cv. Royal > Agropyron elongatum cv. Hulk), while the temperate Dactylis glomerata cv. Porto did not respond to AMF inoculation. In four of the species, the changes observed in aboveground biomass were explained by the total number of tillers, while, in P. dilatatum, changes were accounted for by the individual weight of mature tillers. On the whole, the screening of cultivated forage grasses revealed that tropical grasses were highly responsive to mycorrhizae, in contrast to a lower effect on the growth of temperate grasses.


Victim-witnesses are largely overlooked in research of witness credibility and preparation. This paper addresses this issue in regard to female victims of sexual assault, as they are at particular risk for negative juror perceptions and attributions of blame. Witness preparation practices and characteristics of effective testimony are briefly reviewed. Strategies to increase rape victim–witness competency, credibility, and well-being while testifying are described. Specific attention is given to the importance of attorney-victim collaboration, witness education, and the role of emotion management. Directions for future research are discussed.


Proinflammatory cytokine TNFα plays critical roles in promoting malignant cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis in many cancers. However, the mechanism of TNFα-mediated tumor development remains unclear. Here, we show that IKKα, an important downstream kinase of TNFα, interacts with and phosphorylates FOXA2 at S107/S111, thereby suppressing FOXA2 transactivation activity and leading to decreased NUMB expression, and further activates the downstream NOTCH pathway and promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Moreover, we found that levels of IKKa, pFOXA2 (S107/ 111), and activated NOTCH1 were significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma tumors than in normal


Background: Barth syndrome is an inherited cardiomyopathy due to mutations in the TAZ gene. Results: A screen using taz1Δ yeast cells identified genes whose deletion aggravated its fitness. Conclusion: The protease Yme1 is required for efficient mitophagy in the absence of TAZ1. Significance: This is the first study linking mitochondrial quality control to mitophagy as important in cells lacking TAZ1 function. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae TAZ1 gene is an orthologue of human TAZ; both encode the protein tafazzin. Tafazzin is a transacylase that transfers acyl chains with unsaturated fatty acids from phospholipids to monolysocardiolipin to generate cardiolipin with unsaturated fatty acids. Mutations in human TAZ cause Barth syndrome, a fatal childhood cardiomyopathy biochemically characterized by reduced cardiolipin mass and increased monolysocardiolipin levels. To uncover cellular processes that require tafazzin to maintain cell health, we performed a synthetic genetic array screen using taz1Δ yeast cells to identify genes whose deletion aggravated its fitness. The synthetic genetic array screen uncovered several mitochondrial cellular processes that require tafazzin. Focusing on the i-AAA protease Yme1, a mitochondrial quality control protein that degrades misfolded proteins, we determined that in cells lacking both Yme1 and Taz1 function, there were substantive mitochondrial ultrastructural defects, ineffective superoxide scavenging, and a severe defect in mitophagy. We identify an important role for the mitochondrial protease Yme1 in the ability of cells that lack tafazzin function to maintain mitochondrial structural integrity and mitochondrial quality control and to undergo mitophagy.


1 We have investigated the effects of sulphasalazine and of its principal colonic metabolites (5‐aminosalicylic acid and sulphapyridine) on prostaglandin inactivation, synthesis and actions on gastrointestinal smooth muscle. 2 Sulphasalazine inhibits prostaglandin F2α breakdown in 100,000 g supernatants in all organs so far tested from 7 species with an ID50 of approx. 50 μm; it has a selective action on prostaglandin 15‐hydroxydehydrogenase and does not inhibit prostaglandin Δ‐13 reductase, prostaglandin 9‐hydroxydehydrogenase or 'enzyme X' at millimolar concentrations. Enzyme activities were measured radiochemically or by bioassay. 3 Sulphapyridine and 5‐aminosalicylic acid do not inhibit prostaglandin inactivation in vitro (4 species tested). A methyl analogue of sulphasalazine is a more potent inhibitor than the parent compound. Rabbit colon prostaglandin F2α metabolism in vitro was inhibited by the following drugs with ID50 values (μm) of: diphloretin phosphate 20, sulphasalazine 50, indomethacin 220, frusemide 1000 and aspirin 10,000. A similar rank order of potencies was obtained with rabbit kidney. 4 Sulphasalazine at 50 to 100 μm inhibited inactivation of prostaglandin E2 in the perfused rat and guinea‐pig lung by 3 to 40% (rat) and 32 to 100% (guinea‐pig) when measured by superfusion cascade bioassay and of prostaglandin F2α by 43.6 ± 6.5% in rat lung perfused with 50 μm sulphasalazine and assayed radiochemically. 5 Prostaglandins E1 and E2 were 97.0 ± 8.2% and 92.3 ± 6.8% inactivated in the lungs after intravenous injection in the anaesthetized rat as measured by reference to their vasodepressor potencies when injected intra‐arterially. Prostaglandin A2 was not similarly inactivated. Pulmonary inactivation was prevented in the presence of an intravenous infusion of 16.3 μg kg−1 min−1 sulphasalazine and partially inhibited at a lower infusion rate. 6 Prostaglandin biosynthesis from arachidonic acid was measured in microsomal preparations from four sources by bioassay and radiochemical methods. Indomethacin was a potent inhibitor (ID50 0.8 to 4.1 μm) but sulphasalazine and its methyl analogue were very weak inhibitors (ID50 1500 to > 5000 μm), 5‐aminosalicylic acid was weaker still and sulphapyridine inactive. 7 Sulphasalazine at 50 μm did not affect the actions of prostaglandins on five smooth muscle preparations; at 500 μm there was a rapidly reversible and probably non‐specific antagonism of responses to low doses of prostaglandins. 8 The specificity and selectivity of the interaction of sulphasalazine and its metabolites with the formation, breakdown and actions of prostaglandins are discussed.


This paper looks at some questions from a research interest of mine in which I study the political economy of aesthetic production in the context of urban re-vitalisation and cultural policy. I am interested in the socio-economic and the cultural context of artistic production in order to understand the creative wiggle room – or 'margins of freedom' (Bourdieu, 2000) or space for 'imagination' (Marcuse, 1969,1978). This paper is less a study of planning or policy examples, than a theoretical thought on the relative autonomy of the artist and the arts in a context of commercial politisation (both in terms of political dimension and of policy) of art through planning discourses and practices. Just as urban sprawl was capitalism's 'spatial fix' (Harvey, 2001), the arts and creativity measures and policies in the distressed cities and towns that developed out of this are its 'creativity fix' (Peck, 2007). Marcuse critiques the instrumentalised Marxist aesthetic and the various forms of technocratic anti-art it produces. We can use this critique towards an instrumentalised capitalist aesthetic, as well. In both cases, art is not able to find its relative autonomy from the socio-economic context, and thus cannot provide a realm of imagination and freedom.


District heating plants are becoming more common in European cities. These systems make it possible to furnish users with warm water while locating the production plants in the outskirts having the double benefit of lowering the impact of pollution on the center of the city and achieving better conversion performances. In order to amortize the costs throughout the year, the system often includes a combined heat and power (CHP) plant, to exploit the energy during the summer as well, when the demand for warm water decreases. A linear programming model for the optimal resource management of such a plant is presented and some results for a real case are reported. A distribution network design problem is also addressed and solved by means of Mixed Integer Linear Programming.


Our research aims to find out and analyzing the effect between factors that affect the users in using an electronic wallet TAM. TAM is not something new in research. However the development of TAM could be fundamental and can lead to something beneficial in the future research along with the growth of technology. The quantitative descriptive method is being used in this paper. The technology acceptance model is associated with trust in Our research. Trust is being used in Our research because it is believed as one of th e factors that may affect the actual usage of customers. Our research uses primary and secondary data through questionnaires and literature studies. Our research uses 100 University Students as respondents which being analyzed using SEM PLS with the bootstrapping method of 1000 sub-samples. It is found that trust has a positive effect on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have positive effects on the actual use of an e-wallet. Perceived ease of use can be an intervening variable between trust and actual use of e-wallet.


Objective To investigate the expression of lung keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR) in rats with acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) in different time points and its role in lung edema.Methods Thirty-two adult Wistar rats weighing 240 g to 260 g were assigned to experimental group (n =16) and control group (n =16) according to the random number table.Each group consisted of time points of 24 hours,3 days,1 week and 2 weeks after the modeling (4 rats per time point).A rat model of ASCI in experimental group was induced at C7 segment by dropping a weight of 10 g from the height of 2.5 cm (Allen' s method).In control group,laminas were removed only,leaving spinal cord at C7 intact.Rats were sacrificed at each time point for measurement of lung wet/dry weight ratio,Western blot analysis of expression of lung KGFR protein and RT-qPCR detection of lung KGFR mRNA expression.Results After ASCI in rats,the expressions of lung KGFR protein and mRNA began to drop at 24 hours (0.23 ±0.06,0,012 1 ±0.002 3),reached the trough at 3 days (0.17 ±0.04,0.008 5 ±0.001 7)and picked up at 1 week.Expression of lung KGFR mRNA in experiment group showed statistically significant difference from that in control group at 24 hours and 3 days (P < 0.05),whereas in each time point the difference of KGFR protein expression between experiment and control groups was statistically significant(P <0.05).Variation trend of KGFR expression was in parallel with the severity degree of pulmonary edema.Conclusion Lung KGFR presents significant down-regulation in ASCI rats and this may be associated with the development of pulmonary edema after ASCI.

Key words:
Spinal cord injurer;  Pulmonary edema;  Keratinocyte growth factor receptor


Human Resources Information System (HRIS) has become an important feature of Human Resource Management (HRM) in the emerging economies including Tanzania. The system has been adopted by several organizations but evaluation of its contribution to organization performance is rarely undertaken. In this paper, we report on the usefulness associated with the Human Resources Information System (HRIS) in banking sector casing Azania Bank Limited. The study aimed at investigating the importance of Human Resource Information Systems to the performance of Azania Bank Limited. The study findings show that HRIS contributes to the organization performance, the study adopted descriptive research targeting 133 respondents serving all employees of ABL headquarters. The data were collected using structured questionnaires which were subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis in the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Correlation and regression analysis were also undertaken based on the pre-established regression models. Results indicated that HRIS has significantly improved both employees' and the managements' access to human resource data across the institution. It was also established that highly significant (p < 0.001) improvement of working standards was attained as the result of using HRIS. The study concluded that HRIS system is important in an organization due to significant positive correlations between organization performance and HRIS importance (R = 889). A few employees express difficulties in using the HRIS due to low computer literacy. The study recommends that ABL should invest more in exposing its employee to experience and familiarize them with the system and engage employee in the tailoring of organization system by analysis, design, construction and development of the system to improve their performance.


Russian scientific schools, as special phenomenon, which formation is a consequence of the cultural and historical development of country, cannot develop in isolation: close interaction between researchers of all levels and ages is necessary. In the conditions of the development of the information society and the emerging knowledge society, not only the involvement of young people in science, but also the interpersonal interaction of young scientists who are representatives of various scientific schools and professional communities is of particular relevance.


This paper deals with non-preemptive online t-interval scheduling. A tinterval is a union of t half-open intervals (segments). In online scheduling the t-intervals are presented incrementally and each presented interval must be accepted or lost forever. A presented t-interval which overlaps a previously accepted t-interval cannot be accepted. The decision of whether or not to accept an interval is made without knowledge of the future. Scheduling t-intervals has an application in bandwidth allocation, transmission of continuous-media data, linear resource allocation and genomic sequence similarity. Online scheduling is of increasing importance in a highspeed world with an uncertain future. The most famous version of the problem is the interval scheduling problem (t = 1). This version has been analyzed both when it is online and offline. It has also been analyzed with weighted intervals. Scheduling t-intervals for t > 1 is on the other hand area covered to lesser extent. The performance of the algorithm is the ratio between the number of tintervals in its output vs. the optimal offline schedule. If the intervals are weighted, the performance is the ratio between the total weight of these sets. The maximum ratio, taken over all input instances, is the competitive ratio. The competitive ratio is measured with respect to different factors. One factor is the input size n. Another one is ∆, the ratio between the length of the longest and the shortest intervals.


Keywords— Human Brain is the most important and valuable creation of God. Human Brain is processor of the body with storage but when the person is dead then the knowledge and intelligence of person also lost with that body, so solution for it to have the artificial brain that can hold the brain content then the knowledge can be preserve after the death of person. Blue brain is the name of the world's first virtual brain. It is a machine that can function as human brain. A genetic-algorithm-based method for tuning the rule base of a fuzzy logic controller is presented. The linguistic structure of the fuzzy logic controller allows a tentative linguistic policy to be used as an initial rule base. Here blue brain using wetware technology is presented.


Fostering a sense of community should be at the center of every housing and residence life professional's efforts. Research conducted by Braxton et al. (2014) revealed that students who are able to identify with their residence hall community, interact with peers in this community, and find solidarity within the community experience an increased sense of communal potential. This heightened communal potential is positively correlated with student persistence. Therefore, this article explores Berger's (1997) three dimensions of community—identity, interaction, and solidarity—by identifying currently implemented policies and practices within residence hall communities that seemingly foster these dimensions of community. These policies and programs, and the like, are strongly encouraged within residence hall communities, especially those housing first-year students.


Legged robots have a potential of being a walking machine on irregular ground. Eleven-bar linkages, Theo Jansen mechanism reproduces a smooth locomotion pattern as gait. Parallel motions have widely used in the heavy machinery and recently highlighted in a model of biological motions. The close-loop linkage simply provides a designed end-effector trajectory, whereas the trajectory is considered to be less modifiable due to the singularity problem. In the present study, the singularity on the modified Theo Jansen mechanism was addressed by introducing the parametric orbit as a new freedom point in the joint center, and analyzed its kinematics and dynamics by using multibody dynamics (MBD). The extendability of the mechanism in the viewpoint of flexibility in the gait trajectory was clearly demonstrated in the numerical simulation, providing new functional gait trajectories controlled by two control parameters that change the shape of the parametric oval in the joint center. In systematic determinant analyses of how broken trajectories were generated depending on four parameters, i.e., horizontal and vertical amplitudes and rotation angle of the joint center movement and its phase difference with the driving link, morpho-logical changes of generated trajectories in the phase-rotation-amplitude parameter space were revealed. Thus the extension capability of Theo Jansen mechanism was validated not only in smooth walking but also in jumping, climbing and running-like motions. In considering the ways of control, the present results indicated that there exists a inverse relationship between the rotation angle and the phase difference to significantly reduce the occurrence of the singularity and breakage failures of the mechanism, which is consistent with biological evidences of coupling oscillators that enables the nervous system to control the complex musculoskeletal system by using a few of simple parameters frequently represented by the phase and rotation in a torus state space.


This thesis addresses the process of user involvement in the development of information technology (IT) systems. The motive for this research is that there is still a need of more knowledge about h ...


On the basis of deep investigation this paper analyzes the actuality and problem of environmental protection industry of Tonghua City, and put forwards some countermeasure and suggestion.


Poor transient load sharing has been observed during the parallel operation of synchronous generators (SGs) and droop-controlled grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) in islanded microgrids. This can result in overcurrent protections, causing the inverters to trip, which leads to the collapse of voltage and frequency. In this article, small-signal analysis supported by electromagnetic transients (EMTs) simulation is performed on a detailed model of a microgrid containing IBRs and an SG to identify underdamped modes and their sensitivities to the power–frequency (P-F) droop parameter. Further EMT simulation of a more complex microgrid model with multiple GFM IBRs and SGs is performed to determine whether trends identified from the modal analysis extend to cases where the number of SGs in operation may vary. The objective is to investigate the effectiveness of tuning this parameter to reduce the likelihood of overcurrents in response to load and generation disturbances. The work uncovers both fast and slow modes of concern. Primarily, the findings show that increasing the P-F droop value improves the damping of the slower mode while degrading the damping of the faster mode, leading to an upper limit on the damping improvement of the GFM IBR output current. In EMT simulations of the more complex microgrid, the greatest damping improvement still exhibits significant maximum overshoot. Furthermore, the optimal value of the P-F droop parameter is sensitive to the number of SGs in operation. The conclusion is that tuning the P-F droop parameter is not an effective means to avoid the overcurrent tripping of GFM IBRs during response to large load or generation disturbances when operating in parallel to SGs in islanded microgrids.


This work is devoted to the problem of planning of freight railway transportation. We de fi ne a special con fl ict graph on the basis of a set of acceptable train routes. The investigation aims to solve the classical combinatorial optimization problem in relation to the maximum independent set of vertices in undirected graphs. The level representation of the graph and its tree are introduced. With use of these constructions, the lower and upper bounds for the number of vertices in the maximum independent set are obtained.


The aim of this paper is to investigate adjectival modification in Greek DPs headed by a derived nominal. In particular, it will examine how many and which types of adjectives may hierarchically modify a derived event noun, in which order(s) they occur, and whether these adjective types have an adverbial counterpart in the clausal projection, thus requiring a richer DP structure in terms of functional projections than non-derived DPs. It will argue that derived nominals do not require a different internal structure than object nouns


Abstract: Low dosage hydrate inhibitors (LDHI) offer a recently developed hydrate control technology that can be more cost‐effective than traditional practices, such as the use of thermodynamic inhibitors (e.g., methanol and glycols). One class of LDHI, called kinetic inhibitors, is already being successfully used in the field. This paper describes efforts to develop a new class of kinetic inhibitor that shows various improvements over existing commercial technology. The polymer chemistry of the inhibitors and experiments carried out in high pressure cells and wheel/loops is described.


Objective To examine the induction effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) gene differentiating into chondrocytes. Methods We observed the phenotype of cells which were stained with alcian blue and HE climbing to the six pore plate with invert microscope. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) value in culture medium was detected in control group,BMP7 transfect and culture medium induced groups after 7,14 and 21 days using standard curve method. Standard curve was described using galacturonic-acid as reference substance. The content of collagen Ⅱ was detected by ELISA method. Results HE and Alcian blue staining showed that BMP7 gene transfection group and the group induced by fluid possess the characteristics of chondrocyte. BMP7 induced BMSCs differentiation to chondrocyte which secrete specific protein called collagen Ⅱ and GAG. Content of GAG were (17.1±3.4),(39.5±5.4),(40.8±6.1)mg/L in control group,BMP7 gene transfected group and induced group,collagen Ⅱ were (89.7±14.3),(152.8±14.5),(155.5± 19.3)μg/L in these three groups separately. Comparing with control group,GAG and collagen Ⅱ of BMP7 gene transfected group and culture medium induced group increased obviously(all P 0.05). Conclusion This active protein induces BMSCs differentiating into chondrocyte,in a level similar to that of inducing medium.

Key words:
Bone morphogenetic protein 7; Mesenchymal stem cells; Chondrocytes;  Tissue engineering


[85260-51-1] C6H9NOS2 (MW 175.30)

InChI = 1S/C6H9NOS2/c1-2-5(8)7-3-4-10-6(7)9/h2-4H2,1H3

InChIKey = PFGBSLBKUIMZLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-methyl carboxylic esters, amides, and aldehydes,2 propionate equivalent for the diastereo- and enantioselective aldol reactions2, 3)

Physical Data: bp 151 °C/4 mmHg.

Form Supplied in: sticky, slightly yellow oil.

Preparative Methods: from propionyl chloride and 1,3-Thiazolidine-2-thione in the presence of Triethylamine, or from Propionic Acid and thiazolidine-2-thione in the presence of triethylamine and 2-Chloro-1-methylpyridinium Iodide.4

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: use in a fume hood.


A capacitive force transducer, particularly suited for use as a microphone or as a phonograph needle pick-up cartridge, comprises a diaphragm electrode insulatively held to a lip portion of a recess in a second electrode, thereby forming a capacitive detector. The lip structure of the second electrode structure has a capacitive face region diverging from a virtual pivot region at the lip where the diaphragm is pivotably affixed to the recessed electrode. In this manner, the quiescent capacitance is defined predominantly by the capacitance near the lip, which is relatively small and defined and the change in capacitance for a given deflection of the diaphragm is relatively large, thereby improving the sensitivity of the transducer. In the case of a phonographic pick-up cartridge, the pick-up needle is coupled to the diaphragm so that vibrations induced in the needle produce corresponding vibrations of the diaphragm. A batch method of fabricating the transducers comprises recessing a semiconductive wafer through a major face to define a plurality of capacitive regions around the margins of the recesses. The diaphragm is conveniently formed by a layer deposited over an insulative layer deposited on the non recessed face of the wafer. The wafer is diced to provide a batch of the transducers.


McKILLOP D. G. and HUTCHINSON R. W. (1991) Financial intermediaries and financial markets: a United Kingdom regional perspective, Reg. Studies 25, 543–554. This paper attempts to identify, on a United Kingdom wide basis, the regional dispersion of the various groupings of financial markets and intermediaries. Although London dominates there is, however, evidence of significant pockets of autonomous financial intermediaries in certain of the regions. Having established the framework, the discussion proceeds to examine a selection of issues likely to impact upon the future growth performance of financial intermediaries at regional level. Three issues weigh particularly heavy in this part of the discussion: the added flexibility now on offer to financial intermediaries due to information technology; relocation within the financial services industry and its impact on regional financial sectors; and European integration, with special reference to regulation and the likely consequences for continued financial s...


[Objective] The theoretical basis and reference for the installation multiplication of the shrimp was provided the research on the key technologies of its multiplication in glass tank,concrete ponds.[Method] The comparative experiment in different densities(40,30,20 shrimps/m2),the ratio of male to female(4∶ 1,3∶ 1,2∶ 1 and all females) was conducted to induce the synchronized spawning of shrimp based on the technique of "intensive culturing,flushing stimulation and shade".[Results] After 59 days,the survival rate of the parent shrimp in the experimental pool was from 50% to 93% and the overall survival rate was 71%.The spawning rate of the parent shrimp in experimental pool was 64.0%~84.7% and the overall spawning rate was 76.9%.The two-factor comparative test results showed that the appropriate condition of shrimp reproduction was the parental density was 40 shrimps/m2 and the ratio of male and female was 4∶ 1.[Conclusion] The shrimp could be normally spawning,spawning,hatching larvae in glass tank,concrete ponds and other soil-less water-body.It was feasible for its to be multiplied under the installation condition.


We studied few extra electrons in a molecular chain with the account of electron-phonon coupling in the adiabatic approximation. It is shown that the lowest state of two extra electrons in a chain corresponds to the singlet bisoliton state with one deformational potential well. Two electrons with parallel spins form a localised triplet state, which corresponds to the two-hump charge distribution function. Three extra electrons form an almost independent nonlinear superposition of a soliton and bisoliton states. In the case of four electrons, the two almost independent bisolitons are formed. These two states tend to separate in the chain at the maximal distance due to the Fermi repulsion, accounted for in the zero-order adiabatic approximation. This repulsion is partly compensated by the attraction between the solitons due to their exchange with virtual phonons, described by the non-adiabatic part of the Hamiltonian. The formation of solitons is characterised by the appearance of the bound soliton and bisoliton levels in the forbidden energy band. This constitutes the qualitative difference of the large polaron (soliton) states from the almost free electron states and small polaron states.


The pressure on sugarcane farmers to improve their efficiency and sustainability is continuously mounting. At the same time, there appears to be a delay in the adoption of SASRI research outcomes by growers. A possible explanation of this paradox is that much of this research has been mono-disciplinary, and conducted at field trial level, removed from the context of everyday farming. The Monitor Farm Project responds to this problem by applying a multi-disciplinary, participatory approach to farming systems level research and technology transfer. In this project, a large team of research and extension specialists works together with sugarcane growers to integrate state-of-the-art best management practices (BMPs) into a practical system on a whole-farm scale.


ABSTRACT The possibility of using construction and demolition (C&D) waste wood as a bulking material in biosolids composting was investigated. Potential contaminants in C&D waste wood include arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) from treated wood, and lead (Pb) from paints. Untreated and treated woodchips from C&D wood were mixed with biosolids, composted using an aerated static pile process, and cured. There were no significant differences between untreated and treated woodchips with respect to composting process, time to stability, or product quality. Composting parameters monitored included moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter degradation, fecal coliform levels, and stability by respirometry. Finished compost quality was evaluated in terms of potential toxic elements (PTE) levels. PTE values in treated woodchips (26 ± 35, 29 ± 41, 56 ± 46, and 5 ± 5 µg·g−1 for As, Cr, Cu, and Pb, respectively) were higher and more variable than those in the untreated woodchips (3 ± 3, 17 ± 8, 13 ± 2, and 0.5 ± 0.0 µg·g−1). However, both untreated and treated wood compost products met Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Category B values for PTE. In addition, and only molybdenum (Mo) and Cu exceeded Category A thresholds. Biosolids were the most significant contributor of Mo, while Cu contributions came from both biosolids and wood chips; some samples of pressure-treated wood showed concentrations of Cu in the range of 765 to 8,455 µg·g−1. The results of this study suggest that treated wood from C&D recycling facilities will not significantly degrade the quality of biosolids compost products.


Tissue expansion is now commonly used in plastic surgery to develop skin and subcutaneous tissue, and so provide ample tissue for reconstruction purposes. One area where it is found to be particularly valuable is in breast reconstruction since the procedure provides no defects and minimal scars. However, it is extremely difficult to accurately estimate the final reconstructed breast volumes in order to match the normal breast.A stereophotogrammetric technique using the projected grid system has been successful in being able to quantify the amount of tissue expansion required.


This paper presents two methods based on Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) and Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm (ICA) for determining the values of the steady-state equivalent circuit parameters of an induction motor. The parameter estimation procedure is based on minimizing the error between some manufacturer's data and corresponding data calculated from proposed methods by determining proper objective functions. Proposed methods are applied to two different models of two distinct induction motors and the results are presented. Little errors between the manufacturer's data and the corresponding calculated data, and also small values reached for the objective functions confirms the exactness of the estimation processes.


SUMMARY  Most lung cancer patients in the USA are older than 65 years of age, and yet oncologists continue to struggle with how best to treat these older patients. This article reviews the medical management of non-small-cell lung cancer in older patients with a focus on decision-making with respect to chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting and metastatic disease settings. In these two settings, chemotherapy as a single-modality intervention can provide a major positive impact. Nonetheless, a relative dearth of evidence in these settings underscores the need to summarize the available data in an effort to make patient counseling easier for healthcare providers and to make decision-making easier for patients and their families.


Wu argues in favor of a healthy, liberal nationalism that can defend China's interests, and suggests that the book China Is Unhappy is a more dangerous book than the 1996 best-seller China Can Say No— by some of the same authors—because unlike the first book the more recent volume is capable of mobilizing people to action.


We construct simple sharply 2-transitive groups. Our result answers an open question of Peter Neumann. In fact, we prove that every sharply 2-transitive group G of characteristic 0 embeds into a simple sharply 2-transitive group.


This paper identifies two visions of the challenge of technology integration in architecture for education. Then, the appropriateness of conceiving architecture from a holistic perspective of the human dwelling is suggested, proposing an awareness of its technological aspects. Finally, some considerations of technology in architecture, in particular in teaching and learning are challenged, first analytically and then with an integrative intention.


This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the management of mangrove forest tourism objects in improving the economy of the people of Apar Village, Pariaman City. The background of this research is the management of mangrove forest tourism objects by BUMDes which is not yet optimal and the level of welfare of the people of Apar Village who have not benefited from the existence of mangrove forest tourism objects. Researchers used a qualitative approach with descriptive qualitative methods. This study uses informant selection techniques using purposive sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of managing mangrove forest tourism objects in improving the economy of the people of Apar Village, has not been effective. This is because there are still aspects of effectiveness and aspects of economic improvement that have not been fulfilled in the management of mangrove forest tourism objects, namely clarity of goals to be achieved, clarity of strategy for achieving goals, availability of facilities and infrastructure, implementation of effective and efficient tasks that have not been fulfilled. effectively or optimally. Furthermore, based on the economic improvement component, it has not been effective either. This is based on the aspect of increasing regional income, the aspect of increasing the average income of the community and the aspect of increasing the welfare of the community. As well as in the aspect of reducing unemployment rates it is also not very effective because there are still few job opportunities available in mangrove forest tourism objects.


The invention discloses a health-care capsule of a chicken embryo egg and a processing technique thereof. The processing technique is as follows: shelling the selected egg, and then using a pulp refiner to carrying out pulp refining on tissues; then using a freeze dryer to dry the refined pulp liquid of the chicken embryo egg, and grinding the dried chicken embryo into powder; and after sterilization and detection, manufacturing into the capsule. According to the invention,the chicken embryo egg is processed by a freeze drying technology and an ultraviolet sterilizing technology, so that the nutrition health-care components in the chicken embryo egg are effectively stored, and the health-care effect of the product is more obvious than that of a cooked chicken embryo egg. The final form of the product is a capsule, so as to be convenient to carry. In the processing production process, artificial synthesized substances except the nutrients contained in the chicken embryo egg are not added, so the health-care capsule is pure-natural health-care food and is beneficial to absorption of a human body. With rich vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamins B1, VA and VE, iron, zinc and the like, the product has the effects of deferring senility and beautifying the skin.


We describe experimental and theoretical results that demonstrate the feasibility of power generation using concentration cells based on ionic concentration gradients and reverse electrodialysis. A peak power density of 0.2 (0.7) μW cm−2 and a maximum energy density of 0.4 (0.4) mJ cm−3 delivered in 3 h to a 2 (5) kΩ resistor were recorded using a microfiltration (anion exchange) membrane, respectively. A comprehensive model is developed to predict the evolution of the output voltage with time in relation to the solute concentration in each cell and derive the power density and efficiency limits.


A gamma ray dosimeter was developed and used on Operation Crossroads providing dosage measurements at certain selected locations on the target ships. The range of dosage measured was from 100 to 20,000 roentgens. The principle of darkening of vycor glass by gamma rays proved to be applicable for a rugged, simple dosimeter.


This research examines the effects of terror management theory (TMT) and athletic performance. TMT states that humans defend themselves against the anxiety stemming from death awareness (mortality salience; MS) by investing in cultural worldviews, which often results in identification with similar others as well as harsh denigration of anyone with opposing views. I sought to investigate whether participant's athletic performance would be affected by mortality salience. Participants included varsity lacrosse players, varsity women soccer players, men soccer players, and a mixed population of undergraduate students. Each participant was asked to complete as many push-ups as they could and then asked to complete a self-esteem survey. They were then exposed to the mortality salience or control and then asked to repeat the push-up test. The goal was to determine if the participants exposed to the MS had a greater number of completed push-ups the second go around.


In this paper, we propose a new encoding algorithm for linear codes whose computational complexity is O(w(H)) where w(H) denotes the number of non-zero elements in a parity check matrix H of a code. The proposed algorithm is based on the block-triangularization — an efficient technique to solve a system of linear equations — of a parity part of a parity check matrix, combining additional row and column permutations. As a result, the proposed algorithm can encode any linear codes defined by sparse parity check matrices, such as LDPC codes, with O(n) complexity where n denotes the code length.


Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and perfluoroethylene-propylene (PFEP) have many desirable properties for application to electronic devices, such as low dielectric constant and loss tangent. However, the weak adhesion of the polymer to various metals, associated with the chemical inertness of the fluorine resin surface, fails to satisfy many of the industry requirements. Surface treatment of PTFE and PFEP by radiation-induced graft polymerization was carried out to improve the adhesion. Peel adhesion strengths of 10.3 and 14.5 N/cm were attained for PTFE/Cu and PFEP/Cu, respectively by the treatment. In addition, the dielectric function of grafted PTFE and grafted PFEP remained almost unchanged after the graft polymerization.


Amid all convective heat transfer augmentation methods employing single phase, jet impingement heat transfer delivers significantly higher coefficient of local heat transfer. The arrangement leading to nine jets in square array has been used to cool a plate maintained at constant heat flux. Numerical study has been carried out using RANS-based turbulence modeling in commercial CFD Fluent software. The turbulent models used for the study are three different "k-e" models (STD, RNG, and realizable) and SST "k-ω" model. The numerical simulation output is equated with the experimental results to find out the most accurate turbulence model. The impact of variation of Reynolds number, inter-jet spacing, and separation distance has been considered for the geometry considered. These parameters affect the coefficient of heat transfer, temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy related to flow. The local "h" values have been noticed to decline with the rise in separation distance "H/D." The SST "k-ω" model has been noticed to be in maximum agreement with the experimental results. The average value of heat transfer coefficient "h" reduces from 210 to 193 W/m2K with increase in "H/D" from 6 to 10 at "Re" = 9000 and S/D of 3. As per numerical results, inter-jet spacing "S/D" of 3 has been determined to be the most optimum value.


We present a generalization to the N-dimensional case for the nucleation coefficient of a spherical p-brane, separating two (anti-)de Sitter spacetimes. We use a semiclassical approximation based on the analytical continuation to the Euclidean sector of a suitable effective action describing a p-brane in General Relativity.


This paper describes a method to determine the relative permittivity of a dielectric material in printed circuit board. The dielectric sample in a PCB is placed to form a finline discontinuity of finite length in a waveguide. S-parameter of a discontinuity from an empty waveguide to finline and back to empty waveguide is measured. An error function that compares the measured and calculated S-parameters of the discontinuity is minimized to extract the permittivity of the sample. The optimization is based on a practical quasi-Newton algorithm. The calculated value of the S-parameter used in the error function is obtained from the modal expansion of the fields in the empty waveguide and the finline structure. Field matching is done at the discontinuity to yield the theoretically calculated S-paramters.


Abstract
 Objective
 Preliminary evidence suggests the efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) to reduce clinical symptoms in Partial Hospital (PH) programs. However, less is known about DBT in Intensive Outpatient (IOP) programs, or in PH to IOP step-down models. The current study examined changes in depression, anxiety, stress, hopelessness, and mindfulness skills acquisition, from intake and discharge data of clients at a southeastern behavioral health clinic in the United States.
 Method
 The sample included 146 clients, 65.75% female (ages M = 33.88, SD = 12.34), who attended either a DBT-PH, -IOP, or -PH to IOP step-down program. Participants completed the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire Short Form (FFMQ-SF).
 Results
 Depression, anxiety, and hopelessness decreased from intake to discharge in the PH program, while all symptoms decreased in the IOP and step-down programs. Mindfulness total scores, and most subscales, increased in each program. Mindfulness skills acquisition predicted decreases in depression and stress in the IOP group, and decreases in depression and hopelessness in the step-down group.
 Conclusion
 Overall, clinical symptoms and mindfulness skills acquisition improved over the course of the DBT-PH and—IOP programs.


In the wake of a string of sensationalist documentaries about transsexuality in Iran, Iranian theatre and film artists began crafting groundbreaking trans performances to educate audiences and depict characters living non-heteronormative lives without the translating influence of queer theory or identity politics. Investigating transsexual bodies as assembled by jurists in Iranian Shiʿa jurisprudence and by artists on stage and screen reveals the ways in which the transsexual body is constructed in Islamic legal discourse and represented in narrative and bodily form in the public imaginary in Iran. Representations of transsexuality in theatre and film highlight the role of the arts as a vehicle for social change, communal recognition, and self-cognition. In particular, performances of female-to-male gender transitions in theatre and film have expanded the boundaries of how gender presentation is translated onto Iranian stages, into Tehran coffeehouses, and onto global screens. These trans performances usher Iranian spectators into new forms of viewership and artistic consumption in their attempt to creatively represent transsexual bodies and narratives to increase tolerance towards transsexuals; further, they have ignited a conversation among artists and activists about the assemblage of transsexual bodies in artistic productions and the most effective narrative and emotional forms of catharsis to inspire change.


Abstract Five coordinated complexes of di- and triphenyltin(IV) moieties with semi- and thiosemicarbazones of furfuraldehyde, 2-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, benzylmethylketone, benzil, salicylaldehyde, o-hydroxynaphthaldehyde and o-hydroxyacetophenone in 1:1 molar ratio have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, conductance measurements, electronic, IR, Far IR, 1HNMR and mossbauer spectral studies. The non-electrolytic complexes are proposed to have distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around tin atoms with two equatorial and one axial phenyl groups in the triphenyltin complexes and with two axial phenyl groups in the diorganotin complexes. The ligands are coordinated through N and O or S and ONO or ONS donar sites.


An implicit material point method (MPM) with the second-order convected particle interpolation
(CPDI2) is presented in this paper. In the MPM a body is described by a number of Lagrangian material
points, at which state variables are stored and tracked. Calculations are then carried out on a
background Eulerian computational mesh. A mapping and re-mapping algorithm is employed, to allow
the state variables and other information to be mapped back and forth between the material points
and background mesh nodes during an analysis. To reduce the error during these mappings, there are
several extensions. The latest extension is termed CPDI2, which uses a quadrilateral particle domain
to replace a material point. The CPDI2 extension has been implemented explicitly with using regular
grids in published papers. This work develops an implicit CPDI2 method with an elasto-plastic material
model. The motivation is that an implicit scheme can reduce the computational cost by allowing a large
time step, while enforcing the yield condition accurately and increase stability. Both quadrilateral and
triangular particle domains are used. An example shows that the use of a triangular particle domain is
more flexible than the quadrilateral particle domain.


The critical thinking ability of students in the 2017 Entrepreneurship class of Economics Education Study Program STKIP PGRI Jombang is still low as indicated by the many students who master one aspect of learning, which is memorization. This study aims to explain the differences in students 'critical thinking skills in the final measurement (post-test) and explain the difference in the increase (gain) of students' critical thinking skills between the PBL model class and the PjBL model. This research method uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experiment method. The experimental research design uses "non-Equivalent group pretest-posttest design". The research variables include independent variables namely the PBL model and the PjBL model and the dependent variable is critical thinking ability. The data analysis technique uses different tests through an independent sample T-test. The results showed there were differences in students 'critical thinking abilities using the PBL and PjBL models by 0.026 and there were differences in the increase (gain) in students' critical thinking skills between those using the PBL models and the PjBL models by 0.010. There is a difference in the increase (gain) of students' critical thinking skills between the PBL model class and the PjBL model class. It is recommended that the application of the PBL and PjBL models need to pay attention to the suitability of teaching materials, the availability of facilities and infrastructure, as well as the time allocation


Linguistic geography of large spreading anglicisms from the data obtained from a survey to Hispanic respondents from all over the U.S.


This report provides an overview of the provisions of the Lautenberg Amendment to the Gun Control Act of 1968, which establishes a scheme prohibiting the possession of firearms by individuals who have been convicted of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence.


Aphasia is a condition that may appear when parts of the brain (Broca's or Wernicke's area) responsible for language production and processing are damaged. In most cases, patients have the left side of their brain affected. Thus, formulaic language remains intact in most cases. During speech therapy, this can be a solid base to build on. Formulaic language consists of formulas that are fixed phrases, stereotypes that behave as a single-unit lexical item. They have a significant role in language acquisition and fluent discourse production. These ready-made parts of speech are stored in the long-term memory. Studies suggest that the processing of formulaic language engages right hemisphere areas of the brain. Due to their language impairment, people with aphasia often have a lower quality of life, consequently social and professional integration for them being problematic. The investigation of preserved patterns, such as formulaic lan guage and impairments related to different aspects of discourse, may provide insights both for clinical practice and for cognitive science, therefore, facilitating a more efficient approach to treatment. Conclusion: This comprehensive review assesses what we know so far about the use of formulaic language in aphasic speech to get a more complex view on how to benefit from this knowledge during evaluation and speech therapy to facilitate recovery. These find - ings may also have implications for future research.


Wind speed distribution regularities in a shelter mesh (S. M.) have been deduced from the wind speed distribution in the sheltered area of a single shelter beh (S. B.).The components of a wind vector in a mesh follow the error function distribution model or the logarithmic model of 2-variable power function.The wind vector itself follows the vector composition model of these models.We can calculate the wind speed distribution and wind reduction effect of a mesh under the conditions of any shelter-belt characteristics, any size and shape of a mesh and any wind inclination angle with this model. The results of our field model experiment are in better agreement with the theoretically calculated results.