The current state of understanding of the phenomenology and mechanism(s) for corrosion fatigue of high-strength steels is reviewed. Particular attention is directed towards corrosion fatigue in hydrogen and in water/water vapor environments. Available experimental data indicate that fatigue crack growth in high-strength steels is influenced by loading variables, such as frequency, stress ratio and waveform in regions above and below KIscc. The influences of these variables are directly attributed to interactions with the external chemical environment. Possible synergistic interactions and their relation to chemical reaction kinetics are indicated. Pertinent information on oxygen-metal and water-metal reactions is summarized. Initial results from a coordinated program of study for determining the water-metal reaction kinetics and the kinetics of crack growth on a single high-strength steel are discussed. (Author Modified Abstract)


This contribution aims at analyzing the performance of MMSE equalizers for large linear precoded OFDM transmissions over fading wireless channels with limited diversity and channel state information available only at the receiver. Linear Precoding consists in multiplying by a N × K isometric matrix a K-dimensional vector obtained by serial to parallel conversion of a symbol sequence to be transmitted. Based on the Free Probability Theory, asymptotical analysis (N → +∞, K → ∞ and K/N → α ≤ 1) of the SINR is conducted to understand the different parameters involved in Linear Precoded OFDM schemes. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations when considering convolutional coding with finite memory.


: Experts agree that teachers of young children need a solid grounding in child psychology and early childhood education. This is because the qualities of the instructor in charge of early childhood education programs directly affect the quality and success of those programs. Children from underprivileged backgrounds have needs in these areas. Since early childhood educators are frequently held responsible for the children's outcomes, it is incumbent upon them to give the children and families relevant educational experiences. This paper summarizes the results of a review on peer coaching in early childhood education. According to the findings of this analysis, peer coaching is identified as one strategy that supports early childhood educators meet targeted skills for quality instructional practices. Teachers of young children benefit greatly from peer coaching because it allows them to try new things, talk to colleagues about their work, solve problems together, observe, and reflect on their practices. Despite the lack of numerous studies on peer coaching, the few studies reviewed showed that peer coaching is an effective way for teachers to advance their careers in early childhood education. These findings emphasized the importance of using the fundamental coaching processes for peer coaching to enhance early childhood educators' professional development. The impact of peer tutoring on a child's success in early childhood settings is an important area that needs further study.


Learning as a systematic change in knowledge, insights, behavior, and motivation occurs either in-classroom or out-of-classroom context. Yet, for bicultural class consisting of Indonesian and Thai EFL students in Indonesian context, to achieve such goals of learning is challenging, since the EFL students staying in such a class comprising those from two different cultural backgrounds faced some underlying learning problems. Therefore, to establish learning autonomy is significant. This article is then aimed at describing inter and intra-culture-based group discussion which proved to be able to promote their learning autonomy. This research done qualitatively through observation, interview, and questionnaire revealed that the learning problems found in a bicultural class i.e. learning readiness, learning style, learning habits, and motivation can be solved by building and implementing both inter and intra-culture-based group discussion conducted in and out-side classroom settings. This finding can be considered as important insight to create EFL students' learning autonomy which contribute to prevent them from encountering learning problems in a bicultural class so that the EFL learning goals can be better achieved.


Spark discharges in high-pressure gas are known to emit a broadband spectrum during the first 10 s of nanoseconds. We present calibrated spectra of high-pressure discharges in xenon and show that the resulting plasma is optically thick. Laser transmission data show that such a body is opaque to visible light, as expected from Kirchoff's law of thermal radiation. Nanosecond framing images of the spark absorbing high-power laser light are presented. The sparks are ideal candidates for nanosecond, high-power laser switches.


Human skin detection is an important first step in search and rescue (SAR) scenarios. Previous research performed human skin detection through an application specific camera system that ex- ploits the spectral properties of human skin at two visible and two near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. The current theory assumes human skin is diffuse; however, it is observed that human skin exhibits specular and diffuse reflectance properties. This paper presents a novel image-based bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurement system, and applies it to the collection of human skin BRDF. The system uses a grid projecting laser and a novel signal processing chain to extract the surface normal from each grid location. Human skin BRDF measurements are shown for a variety of melanin content and hair coverage at the four spectral channels needed for human skin detection. The NIR results represent a novel contribution to the existing body of human skin BRDF measurements.


The questions of distribution of material studied in the course of general physics by types of training sessions (lectures, seminars and laboratory works) are considered. The subject of physics is discussed, as well as the basic concepts that reveal it. Definitions of physical quantities, physical laws and their evolutionary character are discussed. The main objectives of physics are formulated, and the role of methodological principles in shaping our knowledge of nature is noted. It is pointed out that the historical lecture course for modern students is the first serious experience with the subject of physics. The reasons why it is necessary to conduct laboratory workshop are explained. The methods of laboratory workshop are formulated. It is shown that laboratory workshops contribute to the development of cognitive processes and formation of general erudition of students, deepen and expand their knowledge, which facilitates the choice of professional orientation. An example of laboratory work is described, for which the ways of realizing such merits are discussed in detail.


Abstract The circadian change of the encephalic photosensitivity of quail has been demonstrated. In this study the diurnal variation of the retinal photosensitivity was investigated by the electroretinogram (ERG) to explore the phase relation between the retinal and encephalic systems. The b‐wave, a major component of the ERG, was used as a measure of retinal photosensitivity. In the bird maintained in LD12:12 the b‐wave amplitude of the ERG stayed at a high level for the first 10 h of the light period, and decreased abruptly around the time of light‐off. The decreased level continued until midnight. Thenceforth the b‐wave amplitude recovered progressively to the daytime level before the time of next light on. In the bird maintained in LD16:8, the decrease of the retinal sensitivity in the light phase was initiated prior to the time of expected light‐off, and the onset time of decreasing tendency was advanced by 2 h, with dark adaptation for 30 min given immediately before the ERG measurement. Upon contin...


Purpose: The EORTC Quality of Life Study Group has developed a questionnaire for evaluating Quality of Life amongst cancer patients, the QLQ-C30. The aim of the present study is to carry out a psychometric study of the second version of this questionnaire (version 2. 0). Patients and methods: 177 patients with breast cancer have completed both versions of the questionnaire (versions 1. 0 and 2. 0) at three time-points during the treatment and follow-up periods. Demographic and clinical data were also recorded. A psychometric analysis of the reliability and validity of the questionnaire was performed. Results: The data support the reliability of the scales. Validity has been shown an throught the inter-scale correlations, the comparisons among groups of patients with different scores on the clinical variables, the study of the changes in the quality of life scores during the treatment and follow-up period, factor analysis, and multitrait scaling analysis. Version 2. 0 of the QLQ-C30 has better psychometric properties than the earlier version, 1. 0. Conclusions: The EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 2. 0) is areliable and valid questionnaire when applied to Spanish breast cancer patients


This paper's focus is a partnership model on project implementation for social entrepreneurship by non-profit organizations. The fundamental purpose of this research is to help nonprofit organizations and social enterprises whose mandate is to promote social entrepreneurship through entrepreneurs' capacity building. It further aims to explore Public-Private-Partnerships (PPPs) based on a case study of an actual project by the British Council Korea, in partnership with a British private company and a local NGO in Korea to build the capacity of young social entrepreneurs in East Asia. The case study is cited to illustrate management mechanisms and the step-by-step roadmap for successful implementation of a PPP project. This study presents three stages in the formation of a PPP project and essential elements to be examined at each phase of the partnership project cycle. We also carry out a comparative analysis of the prospects and challenges of this partnership model to foster critical reviews on PPPs and to provide practical guidance for similar project implementation and management to potential players in this sector.


Network management database (NMD) is essential in modern large-scale networks. Operators rely on NMD to provide accurate and up-to-date data, however, NMD---like any other databases---can suffers from latent issues such as inconsistent, incorrect, and missing data. In this work, we first reveal latent data issues in NMDs using real traces from a large cloud provider, Tencent. Then we design and implement an diagnostic system, NAuditor, for unsupervised identification of latent issues in NMDs. In the process, we design a compact and graph-based data structure to efficiently encode the complete NMD as a Knowledge Graph, and model the diagnostic problems as unsupervised Knowledge Graph Refinement problems. We show that the new encoding achieves superior performance than alternatives, and can facilitate adoption of state-of-the-art KGR algorithms. We also have used NAuditor in a production NMD, and found 61 real latent issues, which all have been confirmed by operators.


FIELD: communication system. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to communication technologies. Technical result of the invention is to increase the capacity of the communication system. Method for notifying the configuration information of the CSI channel state information includes the steps of: determining at least two resource groups and CSI status information configuration information corresponding to each of the resource groups, meanwhile the UE user equipment must be notified of, at least, two resource groups and CSI configuration information, and CSI configuration information is used to indicate a set of potential CSI; and notify the UE of at least two resource groups and CSI configuration information corresponding to each of the resource groups. EFFECT: increase in the capacity of the communication system. 21 cl, 13 dwg, 10 tbl


The ever-diminishing number of outdoor privies in the United States has relegated the problem of house fly, Muusca domestica L., control in this environment to a relatively minor role. Unfortunately, this trend is not universal, and the problem is still urgent in many countries. Proper construction and maintenance of privies give the best control, but use of larvicides often becomes necessary. The widespread resistance of house flies to most chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and to some organophosphorus compounds has made satisfactory control with larvicides extremely difficult to attain.


Abstract : We have demonstrated the first QWIP detectors using the quaternary InGaAlAs/InP materials system. We have observed excellent responsivity in the InGaAlAs/InP system compared to GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs. By increasing the bandgap from ternary InGaAs to quaternary InGaAlAs we have shifted the responsivity out to longer wavelengths resulting in cutoff wavelengths of 13.3 and 19.4 micrometers, respectively for AlAs mole fractions of 0.1 and 0.15. We have also demonstrated lattice-matched mid-wavelength infrared detectors using InGaAs/InAlAs quantum wells. By combining both types of devices, we have produced the first lattice-matched dual band mid-wavelength and long-wavelength QWIP detectors on InP substrate. We have also demonstrated long-wavelength QWIPs (Lambda > 12 micrometers) in GaAs-GaInP structures, and theoretically calculated the performance of these devices.


The paper is based on the analysis of the relationship between the history of standardization of the Serbian language and its, as Dragoljub Petrović would say, sprouts, among which the Montenegrin language also appears. The author shows here in what way, after 30 years of scientific interventions of Serbian linguists, the so-called Montenegrin language is represented as "endangered" in the Serbian scientific public by the Serbian and Montenegrin nationalists. The paper proves that this book would be more adequately titled Montenegrin language = nationalism


In the paper, the authors present an explicit form for a family of inhomogeneous linear ordinary differential equations, find a more significant expression for all derivatives of a function related to the solution to the family of inhomogeneous linear ordinary differential equations in terms of the Lerch transcendent, establish an explicit formula for computing all derivatives of the solution to the family of inhomogeneous linear ordinary differential equations, acquire the absolute monotonicity, complete monotonicity, the Bernstein function property of several functions related to the solution to the family of inhomogeneous linear ordinary differential equations, discover a diagonal recurrence relation of the Stirling numbers of the first kind, and derive an inequality for bounding the logarithmic function. 1. Main results In [7, Section 3, Theorem 1], by inductive argument, it was proved that the family of inhomogeneous linear ordinary differential equations (√ 1− 4t − 1 ) F (t) + n ∑ i=1 an,i (1− 4t)n−i+1/2 F (i−1)(t) = an,0 (1− 4t)n (1.1) for n ∈ N have a solution F (t) =  1 2 ln(1− 4t) √ 1− 4t − 1 , 0 6= t < 14 ; 1, t = 0, (1.2) E-mail addresses: email@example.com, email@example.com, email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 11B73, 11M35, 26A48, 26D07, 34A05, 44A10.


Background: De novo intraepidermal epithelioid melanocytic dysplasia (DNIEMD) is a newly characterized lesion that is associated with a personal and/or family history of malignant melanoma (MM) and/or dysplastic nevi (DN). However, the biological significance is still uncertain and the persons predisposed to this lesion have not been adequately described.


What does the 'student technology experience' mean at your institution? This session will discuss the University of Minnesota's student technology experience results based on a path analysis of technology factors from the 2013 Student Experience in the Research University (SERU) survey. Our findings have helped us better understand our students' preferences for technology related to online and hybrid classes, the learning management system, and faculty technology usage. We'll share how technology satisfaction impacts overall University satisfaction at our campus.
An overview of the need to study undergraduate student technology usage and its impact on the overall University experience will be discussed. Factors include technology obstacles, online course preference, internet self-efficacy, major, learning management systems, and online/hybrid course preference.
Related URL: http://z.umn.edu/pegseru
Contact me with any questions!
Peg Sherven
firstname.lastname@example.com


Polymers have previously been made in the presence of living cells, for such purposes as encapsulating the cells or engineering their surfaces. But people haven't known whether synthetic polymers could be made inside cells, given the presence of free-radical scavengers. Mark Bradley and coworkers at the University of Edinburgh now show that radical polymerization can indeed happen inside living cells (Nat. Chem. 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0240-y). The researchers gave cells a biocompatible photoinitiator and a variety of monomers, such as N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide and sodium 4-styrenesulfonate, and observed how polymerization affected cells. "Polymerized cells" experienced delays in their cell cycle relative to unpolymerized cells, but they didn't have significant DNA damage or reduced viability. Polymerized cells exhibited changes in their ability to migrate, possibly due to interactions of the polymers with the cells' actin scaffolding. Intracellular formation of fluorescent polymers resulte...


In this study, energy savings to be gained by the insulation of the external walls of airport buildings are examined according to Turkish Building Insulation Standard (TS 825) which is renewed in December 2013. In addition, life cycle total (LCT) cost and life cycle savings (LCS) are calculated. Unlike the residences, the airport buildings indoor temperatures should be 20°C during the heating period according. The optimum insulation thickness was determined for the external walls of the airport buildings. The degree-of-day method is used in calculations. Optimum insulation thickness is the lowest polyurethane insulation material in the highest glass wool insulation material. The optimum insulation thickness is calculated as 0.044-0.090 m for the polyurethane insulation material and 0.122-0.233 m for the glass wool insulation material. Also, extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation material was found between 0.062-0.125 m.


During the last decade, generation and accumulation of petabase-scale high-throughput sequencing data have resulted in ethical and technical challenges, including access to human data, and transfer, storage, and sharing of enormous amount of data. To promote data-driven research in biology, the Korean government announced that all the biological data generated from government-funded research projects should be deposited in the Korea BioData Station (K-BDS), which consists of multiple databases for individual data types. We introduce the Korean Nucleotide Archive (KoNA), a repository for nucleotide sequence data. As of July 2022, the Korean Read Archive in KoNA has collected over 477 TB of raw next generation sequencing data from several national genome projects. To ensure data quality and prepare for international alignment, a standard operating procedure (SOP) was adopted, which is similar to the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration. The SOP includes quality control processes for submitted data and metadata using an automated pipeline followed by manual examination. To ensure fast and stable data transfer, a high-speed transmission system called GBox is used in KoNA. Furthermore, the data uploaded to or downloaded from KoNA through GBox can be readily processed in a cloud-computing service for genomic data analysis called Bio-Express. This seamless coupling of KoNA, GBox, and Bio-Express enhances data experience including submission, access, and analysis of raw nucleotide sequences. KoNA not only satisfies the unmet needs for a national sequence repository in Korea, but also provides datasets to researchers globally and contribute to advances in genomics. KoNA is available at https://www.kobic.re.kr/kona/.


Tef is an important cereal crop in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to investigate (1) genetic diversity within and among three Eragrostis species (E. tef, E. pilosa and E. curvula), and (2) the relationship between E. tef, E. pilosa and E. curvula. A total of 529 AFLP markers were obtained, out of which 58% (368) were polymorphic, using 10 primer, combinations. The three species were separated distinctly using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), However, diversity revealed at the morphological trait level was not commensurate with that observed for AFLP. This was due to the small number of morphological traits available and their interaction with the environment. Within tef, 'Rubicunda' and DZ-01-1093 were found to be distantly related to the rest of the tef accessions. The diversity within species was such that E. pilosa was the most diverse followed by E. curvula and E. tef. Moreover, E. pilosa was more closely related to E. tef than E. curvula. Therefore, further study is needed of E. pilosa accessions and of 'Rubicunda' and DZ-01-1093 in a crossing programme to generate a population for selection and/or genetic mapping. A total of 19 cultivars or accessions had one or more unique fragments using one or more AFLP primers, indicating the potential of the technology in fingerprinting tef in a breeding or seed multiplication programme.


Current information technology is not a difficult thing to do in the organization, especially within the scope of higher education. Learning process that is higher education also been able to leverage information technology, such as e-learning system. However, it was not easy to manage a college e-learning system, since many factors that affect the implementation of the system. This is a paper of the exposure evaluation of a college to see how far the governance of information technology has been carried out optimally.


Vibrational relaxation of HCl(v = 1) in HCl/CO/Ar gaseous mixtures has been measured between room temperature and 173 K by the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. Rate constants for the total relaxation and the V-V relaxation have been determined showing that the relaxation is governed by the V-V process. For the rates of the V-R,T processes which relax HCl(v = 1) and CO(v = 1) upper limits are given. As in similar systems relaxation efficiency is higher at lower temperatures.


Abstract : The goal of this research was to verify the specificity of the inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) ? NFkB/p52 interaction by small molecule AR/p52 inhibitors (selected from prior high throughput screen) in cell culture and AR/p52 activity assays, and determine the efficacy of the compounds against castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa) cell / xenograft growth. Data from this research should establish the AR-p52 interaction as a viable new target for preventing progression to CRPCa and identify lead compound(s) to be further developed for preclinical toxicity testing and clinical trials for PCa that fall beyond the scope of this proposal. Cell culture studies identified a lead compound with IC50 of 5 μM against both androgen-dependent and ?independent PCa cell growth that involves reduction in CyclinD1, and significant inhibition of AR transcriptional activity as measured by PSA mRNA as well as inhibition of AR and p52 translocation to nucleus. Efficacy of the lead compound in an oral regimen against CRPCa xenograft tumor development and progression was established. Thus the lead compound shows evidence of specificity for AR-p52 interaction and efficacy against CRPCa. These data help establish AR-p52 interaction as a viable new target for PCa therapy and identify a lead compound that can be further developed toward clinical application as a new therapeutic agent to prevent progression of CRPCa.


Abstract : The GR-8 ground recorder records from the 'PASS' field experiment were reexamined to develop a research data base for use in the evaluation of proposed sound ranging meteorological messages and solution algorithms. Since all surveyed sound sources were located at ranges greater than 10 km, the recorded sound signals are weak due to the atmospheric attenuation. Under these conditions the record reader required automatic aids in selecting the arrival times. Over 500 GR-8 data tapes were semiautomatically read and the automated processes that allowed editing in the selection procedure are defined. Using the current artillery meteorological correction and these automatic aids, this analysis suggests a significant improvement over the manual process of selecting the arrival times. With these aids the record reader was able to provide more timely arrival time data that permitted sound source location with miss-distances less than 1.5% of the over 10 km range targets.


OBJECTIVE
A gargle solution(L-P/AG)for the treatment of painful stomatitis was prepared by adding lidocaine to a polaprezinc/sodium alginate gargle solution(P/AG), and its pharmaceutical stability was evaluated.

METHODS
L-P/AG was stored at 5, 25, and 40°C. The strengths of polaprezinc and lidocaine were determined. The viscosity and pH of L-P/AG were also determined, and its appearance was evaluated.

RESULTS
When stored at 5 or 25°C in a dark place, L-P/AG showed neither reduction in the strength of either drug nor did it show a change in the viscosity, pH, or appearance. When stored exposed to light at 40°C, L-P/AG showed reductions in the strength of both drugs, as well as in viscosity and pH; furthermore, a change in appearance was noted.

DISCUSSION
L-P/AG prepared for the treatment of painful stomatitis remains pharmaceutically stable for 28 days when stored at 25°C in a dark place.


This article discusses an experimental analysis of the influence of periodically generated external hydrodynamic disturbances on the condensation process of the R134 refrigerant in circular pipe mini-channels. The investigations were carried out for horizontal single mini-channels with internal diameters in the range of d = 0.64–3.30 mm. It was established that within the range of frequencies under investigation (f = 0.2–5 Hz), i.e., the frequencies at which disturbances are generated, the disturbances exert an influence on the structure of the characteristic condensation areas in the mini-channel. The disturbances have an unfavorable impact on the reduction of the two-phase length of specific condensation and a reduction of the heat flux in this area. The heat removal intensity in the two-phase area has an impact on the efficiency of the operation of a compact condenser. The impact of more important parameters on this efficiency is discussed.


Fisheries play a pivotal role in the economic development of all maritime nations. The fisheries sector contributes as foreign exchange earner, ensures nutritional security and generates employment opportunities. With absolute rights on the EEZ, India has also acquired the responsibility to conserve, develop and optimally exploit the marine resources up to 200 nautical miles off our coastline [1]. The current exploitation from the marine capture sector is 3.44 million tonnes in 2013-14 as against the potential of 4.41 million tonnes. Indian marine fish harvest mostly centers around coastal waters up to 100 m depth and about 90 per cent of the catch comes from up to 50 m. A recent revalidation of marine fisheries potential has shown that the fishing pressure on the stock in near shore waters has gone up considerably and signs of over exploitation of species is becoming increasingly evident and further increase in effort in the coastal sector would be detrimental to sustainable yield. In case of India, the total production for Yellowfin tuna has fluctuated from 7544 tonnes in 2011 to 22, 155 tonnes in 2008. However, in case of Skipjack tuna, production has declined from 18934 in 2011 to 7212 tonnes in 2012. In other words, India is presently harvesting about 12 % of the potential and the balance can be optimally harvested using a judicious mix of technology, infrastructure and human resource development. As the coastal fishery faces issues like the sustainability, resources conservation and management; there is an imperative need for finding an alternative resource for the nutritional security. Exploitation of under exploited non-conventional resources from the distant waters of the Indian EEZ will be the only solution. There is ample scope of increasing production by venturing into deeper waters of the EEZ, which holds a potential of 1.7 million tonnes of underexploited and unexploited fin fishes and shellfishes. This indicates there is an ample scope for development of this sector. In this context, the aim of the present study was to analyse scenario of marine fisheries in India with respect to potential and discuss in detail the Deep-sea fishing, its Prospects, Issues and Challenges in India.


Microbial fuel cells convert the chemical energy conserved in organic matter in wastewater directly to electrical energy through living microorganisms. These devices are environmentally friendly thanks to their ability to simultaneously produce electrical energy and wastewater treatment. The output power of the yeast microbial fuel cell (YMFC) depends mainly on glucose concentration and glucose/yeast ratio. Thus, the paper aims to boost the power of YMFC by identifying the best values of glucose concentration and glucose/yeast ratio. The suggested approach comprises fuzzy modelling and optimization. Fuzzy is used to build the model based on the measured data. In the optimization stage, the marine predators' algorithm (MPA) is applied to identify the best glucose concentration values and glucose/yeast ratio corresponding to the maximum output power of YMFC. The results revealed the superiority of the combination of fuzzy and MPA compared with the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. Regarding the modelling accuracy, the coefficient of determination increased by 13.32% and 8.37%, respectively, for without methylene blue and with methylene blue compared with RSM. The integration between fuzzy and MPA succeeded in maximizing the output power from YMFC. Without MB, the power density increased by 25% and 29.3%, respectively, compared with measured data and RSM. In addition, with MB, the power density increased by 22.4% and 26%, compared with measured data and RSM.


Abstract Differential pulse polarography has been used to investigate the complexation reaction occuring between copper (II) ions and some naphthoquinonic derivatives. The importance of the substituent at the 2-position on the naphthoquinone ring has been demonstrated. Compared with 1,4-naphthoquinone which exhibits a very weak complex, the presence of a methyl group enhances the complexation reaction while a hydroxy group has an inhibiting effect. Naftazone, which includes a semicarbazone group, gives rise to a stronger reaction due to the participation of the side chain i n the complex formation.


Introduction 1. Numeral quantifiers and thematic relations 2. Telicity, stranded numeral quantifiers, and quantifier scope 3. Argument structure and ditransitive verbs in Japanese with Takae Tsujioka 4. Nominalization and argument structure: Evidence for the dual-base analysis of ditransitive constructions in Japanese Appendix to chapter 4: Challenges to the dual-base analysis of ditransitives 5. Genitive subjects in Altaic and specification of phase 6. The genitive of dependent tense in Japanese and its correlation with the genitive of negation in Slavic 7. Blocking and Japanese causatives 8. Blocking and causatives revisited: Unexpected competition across derivations 9. Historical development of the accusative case marker 10. The Old Japanese accusative revisited: Realizing all the universal options Notes References Index


Abstract  The effects of delayed mating on the copulation duration, female fertility, fecundity, egg fertility, longevity and the number days alive after mating of females of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, were studied. When male mating was delayed, the female fertility, fecundity, egg fertility, longevity and number days alive after mating of DBM decreased, and there was a negative correlation between the age of the moth with those variables except copulation duration. When female mating was delayed, the female fertility, fecundity, percent egg fertility and number days alive after mating of DBM also decreased, but the longevity increased, which also showed a negative relationship between the age of the moth with the variables except copulation duration and longevity. When both males and females delayed mating, the female fertility and fecundity decreased; egg fertility was affected marginally, and the longevity of females increased. The moth age was negatively correlated with those variables.


This article,linking the guiding principal of Fujian Vocational Technological College of Bio-engineering-which refers to looking on the students with eyes of development and cultivating students with creative imaginations-discusses the relationship between the development and creation,positioning and creative strategies in higher vocational education,looking on the problems encountered in the process,handling the difficulties in the development in higher vocational education,so as to further promote the quality and profit of schooling.


Jamming-resistant broadcast communication is crucial for safety-critical applications such as emergency alert broadcasts or the dissemination of navigation signals in adversarial settings. These applications share the need for guaranteed authenticity and availability of messages which are broadcasted by base stations to a large and unknown number of (potentially untrusted) receivers. Common techniques to counter jamming attacks such as Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping are based on secrets that need to be shared between the sender and the receivers before the start of the communication. However, broadcast anti jamming communication that relies on Pollards Rho Method. In this work, we therefore propose a solution called P-Rho Method to enables spread-spectrum anti-jamming broadcast communication without the requirement of shared secrets. complete our work with an experimental evaluation on a prototype implementation.


Urea is a common fertilizer widely used in agriculture in India. The present work was designed to study the effect of sub-lethal concentration of urea on some haematological parameters of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Comparison of control and treated fish showed change in blood parameters due to toxic effects of this fertilizer. Initial increase in both studied total count (TC) of RBCs and haemoglobin concentration and then gradual decrease of these two parameters with the increase of doses, indicating slow recovery from adverse effects of urea in this fish. Differential leukocyte count indicated significant response due to toxic effect of this fertilizer. Though the count of lymphocytes, heterophils and eosinophils decreased but gradual increase of basophils, neutrophils and thrombocytes was taken place with increasing dose of urea. Elevation in the number of these cells revealed recovery and exhibited resistance of this fish to environmental xenobiotic compound like urea.


The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of coffee on Streptococcus mutans, which is the major causative agent of dental caries in humans. The influence of the extraction/brewing process, brand, and coffee chemical compounds in the presence or absence of the aqueous extract was evaluated. The method of diffusion in agar was used to investigate the antimicrobial activity. Sterile disks were soaked with 20 μL samples, added to Mueller Hinton agar previously seeded with 10 cfu 24 h S. mutans and incubated at 37oC/48 h, in the presence of 5% CO2. The diameters of the inhibition zones were measured and submitted to statistical analysis. Every extract tested showed antimicrobial activity. Significant difference was observed on the pH values of the extracts and also on the pH and color characteristics of aqueous extracts from coffees of different brands. However, no significant difference was observed on the antimicrobial activity among ethanolic, aqueous (100oC/3 min), and espresso extracts and also among brands analyzed. No significant difference was observed on the antimicrobial activity among tested substances (2 mg/mL) by themselves; however, when associated with coffee aqueous extract, there was higher antimicrobial activity, except for chlorogenic acid.


In this paper, we propose a multi-frame super-resolution (SR) method using a frame selection and a multiple fusion for 250 million pixel image processing. When a tiny part (with a target that is several kilometers away from the camera) is enlarged, quality of the part tends to get poor due to spatial deformations and noise mainly caused by long distance and atmosphere turbulence. In this paper, we first propose an adaptive frame selection method that select a small part of frames with small blur according to the corresponding edge images detected by sobel filters. Then, we propose a multiple fusion scheme to reconstruct selected images in order to removing deformation. In our multiple fusion scheme, all of the alternate images are reference images for reconstruction, by this way both deformation and noise can be removed effectively without expensive computation. Our proposed method for enhancing the quality of 250 million pixel images performs better than conventional multi-frame super-resolution methods in accuracy, simplicity and ease of implementation so that it is quite suitable for commercial use.


In studies of a turbulent flow with mixing-sensitive chemical reactions, the equations for the PDF of scalars (temperature and mixture component concentrations) are applied in combination with the conventional turbulence models that contain the equations for statistical moments. The PDF method advantage is an accurate representation of the chemistry influence in model equations. However, to calculate correlations responsible for an averaged chemical reaction rate, one needs a more thorough description of micromixing. As micromixing is governed by the small-scale flow structure, the latter can be considered statistically homogeneous. So, the well-developed homogeneous turbulence theory is used for closing the micromixing models. Just the adequate description of micromixing connected not only with the successful modeling of the chemistry influence, but first with a reasonable analysis of the entire mixing process, remains a stumbling block for the PDF method. This problem has received particular attention in the present work where the problem on mixing with chemical reacting in the homogeneous turbulent flow is stated by means of both the method of statistical moments for turbulence parameters and the mixture fraction PDF method for closing unknown correlations responsible for chemical reacting. Several known micromixing models (LSME/IEM, Langevin, multi-zone PDF) applicable in the PDF transfer equation are compared to explain their influence on an averaged reaction rate to be calculated.


Presently available design criteria relating physical properties to personal judgments are inadequate to permit the use of physical measurements alone to evaluate the merits of a concert hall or music room. It is therefore necessary to review the applicability of survey questionnaires for this purpose, until more appropriate psychophysical techniques can be developed. This paper presents an intercomparison of several questionnaire techniques and discusses the relative advantages and disadvantages of various evaluation methods employed up to the present time.


The content and composition of diacyl glyceryl ethers (DAGE) of the pyloric cecal and ovarian lipids of the asteroids Solaster paxillatus and Asterias amurensis were investigated. In both species, the pyloric cecal lipids contained a relatively high percentage of DAGE. On the other hand, the ovarian lipids of S. paxillatus had an abundance of these compounds but were rela tively low percentages in A. amurensis. The unsaponifiable matter isolated from the tissue neutral lipids consisted of remarkably high levels of glyceryl ethers and small amounts of alkenyl types. Among the different tissues examined, glyceryl ethers originated from DAGE were in general similar in composi tion; the most predominant component was 18:0 alcohol followed by 20:1 and 16:0 alcohols. The fatty acid compositions of DAGE and/or triglyceride classes of the different tissue lipids of the above two asteroid species were also discussed.


In this paper, a programming language NextEJ is proposed. NextEJ is based on Epsilon model, which realizes object adaptation to contexts. The novelty of Epsilon model is its ability to make objects be able to freely enter or leave contexts dynamically and belong to multiple contexts at a time. However, such kind of flexibility also easily brings type-unsafety. NextEJ tackles this problem by introducing a new feature called context activation scope. Inside a context activation scope, it is assured that an object is always bound with the role activated so that no method-not-understood errors occur at run-time. Furthermore, context activation scope can be nested so that multiple contexts can be activated at a time. A role instance has a pre-defined field thisContext which refers to its enclosing context instance. In the case of multiple context activations, the reference of thisContext is interpreted as a composite context whose behavior is determined by the order of activations.


INTRODUCTION Student voice, as a means to incorporate the ideas of young people in education, has (re)emerged over the last 20 years (Bovill, 2012; Thiesen & Cook-Sather, 2007). Interest in student voice has burgeoned, especially in countries like the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. Fielding (2004) euphorically speaks of a "new wave" in student voice initiatives, referring to the reemerging field of student voice in the U.K. that included encouraging students to articulate their views, peer support arrangements, students as researchers, and supporting student leadership. Some authors go so far as to argue that student voice is a movement focusing on "diversity of practice and the commitment of learners and practitioners to the principles of social justice, democracy, active citizenry and children's rights" (Czerniawski & Kidd, 2011, p. xxxv). Sinnema and Ludlow (2013), compared the ideas surrounding educational reform in Australia, England, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, finding that student agency and voice are one of the central aspects of a new policy framework in all of these countries. Despite the apparent enthusiasm, examples of students' involvement in curriculum development are rare. Allowing students to have a say can present a multitude of opportunities for participation that will be presented as arguments further on. Student participation can be formal, in which students are invited to participate in the decision-making process within, for example, school councils. It can also be informal, involving students in varied aspects of their education. Examples include the evaluation and hiring of teachers, the selection of foods offered in the cafeteria, policy development to increase safety in the halls, increased number of group assignments by teachers. Regardless of how one goes about it, involving students includes more than simply getting their opinion. Their voice should also have an effect. According to Lundy (2007, p. 933), four elements of student voice can be identified: 1. Space: Children must be given the opportunity to express a view. 2. Voice: Children must be facilitated to express their views. 3. Audience: The view must be listened to. 4. Influence: The view must be acted on, as appropriate. Our particular interest is in the application of the concept of student voice in the process of curriculum design. In a series of case studies we have analyzed how this can be organized in secondary education classes. We found that the involvement of students contributed to the relevance of the curriculum by involving students as stakeholders who articulate their unique perspectives on certain themes. Teachers found this approach inspiring but also demanding (Bron & Veugelers, 2014). In this chapter our focus is on the rationale for including student voice. Why should we put effort in enabling students to participate in curriculum design? We argue that students in secondary education are entitled to participate in the discussion of topics relevant to their learning. A set of five arguments, drawing on both literature and our own work, is presented. Five Rationales for Student Voice Work The following set of arguments draw on two articles in particular, one by Huddleston (2007) and the other by Kirshner and Pozzoboni (2011). Huddleston, of the English Citizenship Foundation, wrote a publication on effective practice in democratic school governance in European schools for the Council of Europe. In this publication, Huddleston explores theoretical perspectives on student participation and introduces three types of what he calls justifications based on the prior research of Rowe in 2003. According to Huddleston, justification for student participation can be normative, educational and instrumental. An example of a normative argument is the right to participate. Children are entitled to express their views on matters that affect them directly such as their education. …


Fish-bellied prestressed concrete continuous box-girder is a complicated and high-technique structure.It has the advantage of beautiful figure when comparing with traditional rectangle box-girder.Authors introduce the construction methods of fish-bellied prestressed concrete continuous box-girder.


Mobile agent systems incur resource overheads as they acquire and maintain knowledge about their network environment. This paper presents a technique that, for a speci c set of cases, optimises network resource consumption through dynamic selection of agent interaction protocols. This process is made possible through learning on the part of static knowledge agents, which can then predict the likely length of a given search procedure. It is these predications combined with information about the network environment that allow quantitative comparison between di erent search protocols.


Read to the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the American College of Angiology, Phoenix, Arizona, 1972. * From the Departments of Radiology, Cornell Medical Center-New York Hospital and † Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases, New York, N.Y. Intrasplenic masses may represent cysts, inflammatory and parasitic lesions, hematomas or tumors. These lesions are rarely diagnosed in vivo and when they are, they often are the subject of a case report. 1-4 Intrasplenic masses commonly produce splenic enlargement which is usually diagnosed by physical examination; however, the spleen is not always enlarged and thus, these lesions may remain undiagnosed. The presence of intrasplenic masses can be determined either by isotopic scanning or angiography.5 Scanning is excellent for showing general enlargement of the spleen and it may detect space-occupying lesions; however, it does not reveal their nature. In dealing with neoplastic lesions of other organs, angiography allows differentiation of benign and malignant processes. Thus, renal, hepatic, and pancreatic malignant lesions can usually be separated from the benign conditions by the presence of neovasculature during the arterial phase. On the same basis, it was hoped that splenic angiography might help to distinguish a benign from a malignant process and perhaps reveal the nature of


Chapter 5 argues that the spiritual experiences of late medieval holy women, in particular their doubts about the Eucharist and their own salvation, were in many respects responses to orthodox figurations of sacred embodiment and the pollution fears that were repeatedly projected onto women. In this context, this chapter examines the Scale of Perfection, a work composed by the English writer Walter Hilton (d. 1394) who manages a set of ongoing contests over rival notions of perfection. Following a growing insistence among orthodox writers on Eucharistic devotion, the Scale subsumes the spiritual legitimacy of charismatic women to the sacrament and does so in a way that marginalizes the devotion of such women to their angels. It is also within the Scale and other late medieval religious writing that the prominent and intersecting ideals of perfection, the virtues, and sacred embodiment came to express a deepening suspicion of angelic charisms.


Loyality Member an organization of vital importance in taking care of the continuity of work and organization itself. continuity of work depend on and performance of loyality worker. A police have to run duty and his authority as well as possible according to position or his rank each and have to justify it to its superior. A police also have to obey and have loyality to him superior which have higher rank or position of him. Existence of police in the middle of society become of vital importance, society and police represent very inseparable and hand in glove simbiosa, police made by peer figure. So that all police gesture always become society focus. Society put big expectation to police as closed friend capable to give protection, service and protection.
In this case used quantitative descriptive research to know how loyalitas work polisi. By consequence analysis technique which is used in this research is descriptive statistic which use T-Score. While data collecting method in this research is by using scale. As for and population of sampel in this research is Regional Police member of Metropolis of Surabaya. While amount of Heroic 22 member people population of 278 Petty officer people member and of sampel this research is 44 people. Pursuant to result of done/conducted analysis, can be concluded that loyality work heroic police In a good position in high Polwiltabes Surabaya counted 72,7%, and low counted 27,3%. While loyalitas work police in a good position high Petty officer counted 63,6%, and low counted 36,4. Therefore can be concluded that police in Set Of Regional Samapta Police of Metropolis have high Job Loyality.


The present ongoing global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus is creating havoc across the world. The absence of any vaccine as well as any definitive drug to cure, has made the situation very grave. Therefore only few effective tools are available to contain the rapid pace of spread of this disease, named as COVID-19. On 24th March, 2020, the the Union Government of India made an announcement of unprecedented complete lockdown of the entire country effective from the next day. No exercise of similar scale and magnitude has been ever undertaken anywhere on the globe in the history of entire mankind. This study aims to scientifically analyze the implications of this decision using a kinetic model covering more than 96% of Indian territory. This model was further constrained by large sets of realistic parameters pertinent to India in order to capture the ground realities prevailing in India, such as: (i) true state wise population density distribution, (ii) accurate state wise infection distribution for the zeroth day of simulation (20th March, 2020), (iii) realistic movements of average clusters, (iv) rich diversity in movements patterns across different states, (v) migration patterns across different geographies, (vi) different migration patterns for pre- and post-COVID-19 outbreak, (vii) Indian demographic data based on the 2011 census, (viii) World Health Organization (WHO) report on demography wise infection rate and (ix) incubation period as per WHO report. This model does not attempt to make a long-term prediction about the disease spread on a standalone basis; but to compare between two different scenarios (complete lockdown vs. no lockdown). In the framework of model assumptions, our model conclusively shows significant success of the lockdown in containing the disease within a tiny fraction of the population and in the absence of it, it would have led to a very grave situation.


A theoretical study of the angular correlation and angular variation of entanglement between a photoelectron and a fluorescent photon in photoionization of atoms is provided. The formulation is developed for experiments where spin polarization of a photoelectron and polarization of the subsequent fluorescent photon are detected in a coincidence measurement. The applied formalism of parameterization of all polarization sensitivities of the detectors using Stokes parameters and of the use of statistical and efficiency tensors provides straightforward implementation for any experimental geometry. The framework is demonstrated in the case of calcium γ i + [ Ar ] 4 s 2 1 S 0 → [ Ar ] 4 p 2 P 3 / 2 + ϵ j ?> photoionization followed by [ Ar ] 4 p 2 P 3 / 2 → [ Ar ] 4 s 2 S 1 / 2 + γ ?> radiative decay.


Micrascan (MS) IV is designed to provide superior Critical Dimension (CD) control & overlay performance at very high wafer throughputs for both 200 and 300mm wafers at low cost of ownership. This new system, targeted for sub-critical applications, includes SVGL's new flexible cross-performance platform and improved 0.6NA Catadioptric Projection Optics for better resolution and overlay. A new Laser Illumination System (LIS), capable of high doses at high throughput, uses a 2 kHz semi line narrowed KrF laser. SVGL has demonstrated its MS IV 248nm DUV optical design for successful insertion at the 180nm Lithography node. In this paper, modeled capabilities of SVGL's DUV optical design for both group and isolated lines will be presented. The performance potential with both conventional and enhanced illumination will be considered. Data from SVGL's Micrascan systems, illustrating Linewidth control, Depth Of Focus (DOF) performance for 180nm Group and Isolated Features, and overlay performance potential will be given. The Cross performance platform wiht its high throughput capabilities will be discussed.


This study reports on the degree of rill erosion from a 0.65 ha site with a hardsetting red duplex soil having a structurally degraded surface soil. Rill erosion was measured after a series of relatively low intensity rainfall events (all <1 yr return period) that resulted in above average rainfall over a period of 78 days. The rill erosion was estimated by measuring the volume of rills in the field. The soil characteristics indicated that the soil was a structurally degraded soil with low aggregate stability (2-5% of total soil), very low organic matter levels (0.91% for 0-50 mm) and relatively high bulk density (1.56 g/cm3). The low aggregate stability resulted in the rapid breakdown of soil aggregates and settling of the soil under rainfall causing surface crusting and low infiltration rates (4.08 mm/h) as well as decreasing depressional storage. This resulted in high runoff and rill erosion, the total volume and mass of soil loss being equivalent to 48.3 m3/ha and 78.0 t/ha respectively. This high level of soil loss was considered to result from the combination of the poor structural condition of the soil, the tilled or loosened soil condition at the onset of the rainfall events, the duration and number of the low intensity rainfall events and the low evaporation rates between rainfall events. The results suggest that to reduce soil loss to acceptable levels under the conditions of the study, it is necessary to adopt management practices that increase surface cover, maintain infiltration rates, reduce tillage and increase soil aggregate stability in combination with erosion control earthworks. The study also looked at the prediction of soil loss using the USLE equation, and confirmed that the equation should not be used to predict erosion for individual events or erosion resulting from concentrated flow, rather it should be used to estimate expected long-term soil loss for a particular soil under a given set of management practices.


SUMMARYThe chromosome complements of 2 species of birch mice and 15 species of jerboas represented by the subfamilies Sicistinae (2 species); Cardiocraniinae (1); Allactaginae (9); Dipodinae (5) are described. The diploid number of 13 species of Dipodidae is 48 excluding S. crassicauda (2n = 46) and Sc. telum (2n = 58).Intraspecific karyotype stability in Allactaginae were Found. Karyotypical similarity has been revealed among the jerboas: the chromosome complements of 3 species of genus Allactaga (jaculus—severtzovi—saltator) are undistinguishable; Pygerethmus platyurus, P. vinogradovi, P. zhitkovi, Alactagulus acontion also do not differ from each other. On the basis of constant chromosome number and the slight variability of FNa it is concluded that pericentric inversions have played the main role in the evolution of jerboas rather than Robertsonian fusions which is characteristic of other groups of mammals. It is suggested that cytogenetical mechanisms do not play any significant role in the reproduct...


Indonesia adopted the UNICEF's child-friendly school (CFS) model as the attempt protection and fulfillment of children's rights in education. The top-down implementation of child-friendly schools and bureaucratic imperatives have made many schools not ready to implement the model so the child-friendly school program is still far from expectations and reality. Many interests in the implementation of child-friendly schools make students vulnerable to being the victims of education political policies. This article aims to explain school challenges in child-friendly school implementation. Qualitative method with case study approach used through observations, interviews, and focus group discussions at three senior high schools in Surakarta City, Indonesia. The results show that the challenges of implementing child-friendly schools lead to three things, namely mentoring and sustainability, technical implementation, and evaluation mechanism. The simultaneous CFS declarations have not been adapted to the readiness, willingness, and needs of each school. Fulfilling the challenges of implementation is able to make CFS not just a slogan but a school's need to provide protection and fulfillment of children's rights.


We present full set of model atmosphere equations corresponding to an accretion disk around a supermassive black hole illuminated by hard X‐ray power‐law. Model equations allow for multiple Compton scattering of radiation on free electrons, and for large relative photon‐electron energy exchange. We present spectra in specific intensities integrated over disk surface. Outgoing intensity spectra show soft X‐ray excess below 1 keV, and distinct Kα and Kβ fluorescent lines of iron. We demonstrate the existence of the Compton shoulder and claim that it can contribute to the asymmetry and equivalent widths of some observed lines in AGN.


A paper for History of ART 231: 20th Century European Art, Fall 2008. Dempsey analyzes the composition of the photograph Satiric Dancer by Andre Kertesz in order to argue that photography can challenge the notion of identity as an objective concept. A reproduction of the photograph is included.


In the light of transient flow of oil pipeline with free air, a separate bubble distributed model for the treatment of a transient flow in a two-phase mixture of low free-gas content is given. The method of characteristics is utilized to reliably handle the model and the computer program is developed by considering of variable-wave-speed along pipeline. The model and algorithm proposed in this paper are proved feasible by practical example.


The problems concerning potential aircraft applications of nuclear energy are considered. After a critical evaluation of possible open-cycle power supplies, a study of closed-cycle systems in both aircraft and space vehicles is carried out. For a cycle proposed for gas turbine propulsion, the controls of helium turbine power supplies are described. Comparative evaluations with modern aircraft and propulsion systems are presented. (EURATOM)


This paper discusses the change in governing for security associated with the notion of human security and deliberates the potential effects of this on the state in international relations. The human security agenda reflects a shift in governmentality, i.e. the political rationality about the way to govern for, security in international relations. The principle move is away from the focus on protecting sovereign territory to the protection of individuals. This is understood more adequately as a move toward managing issues of designated populations within and across territories. How does this shift in governmentality affect the state in international relations? Much of the literature concerning human security and the state has focused on the question of state sovereignty, debating in how far a human security-principled world could erode absolute sovereignty and displace state power in international relations. Such a conclusion follows from the premise that the protection of territory and the norm of non-intervention, which human security advocates are said to eschew, are considered the source of state sovereignty and authority. While agreeing that drastic changes to the state are to be expected in a human security-governed world, however, this paper argues that the question is not whether human security is weakening states. Rather, human security is 'redesigning states' in ways which render conventional measures for state strength, such as territorial sovereignty, obsolete. Thus, the question is in what ways human security is 'redesigning' or reconfiguring states in international relations. " The idea of human security, though simple, is likely to revolutionize society in the 21st century. " 1 This paper discusses the shift in governing for security associated with the notion of human security and deliberates the potential effects of this on the state in international relations. The shift regarding human security is more than just the extensive securitization of individual life. In terms of this, human security involves the extension of the substance of security to including issues ranging from personal safety to food and water provision, good health and a clean environment. In fact, the human security agenda reflects an overall shift in governmentality, i.e. the political rationality about the way to govern, for security in international relations. While the principle move is said to be one away from the focus on protecting sovereign territory to protecting individuals. It is argued here that this move is understood best as one toward managing issues of designated populations within and …


Nighttime driving has proven to be particularly challenging. For example, the USDOT reports that 45% of all fatalities occur during dark conditions even though the miles driven during dark hours are considerable less than miles driven during light hours. Also, another study shows that the nighttime fatality rate is three times the daytime fatality rate. Crashes during dark conditions are more common than crashes during light conditions. In an effort to limit the dark conditions at intersections, roadway lighting may be installed. This strategy can be effective as long as the lighting levels and configuration allow the light to be useful. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of light provided by particular types of lights and the different contours of light provided at certain distances away from the light at the intersection. By doing so, the actual placement of the lights may be adjusted in order to prevent specific types of crashes at certain intersections where they have proven to be significantly greater than other types of crashes.


Four kinds of chitin derivatives, 6-O (2-hydroxyethyl) chitin, 6-O- [2- (2-hydroxyethoxy) ethyl] chitin, 6-O- (2, 3-dihydroxypropyl) chitin and 6-O- (carboxymethyl) chitin, eight kinds of monocarboxylated chitosan derivatives, N- (carboxymethoxyacetyl) chitosan, N- (3-carboxy-propanoyl) chitosan, N- (3-carboxypropanoyl) chitosan, N- (carboxymethyl) chitosan, 6-O- (carboxymethyl) chitosan, N- (carboxymethoxyacetyl) -6-O- (2-hydroxyethyl) chitosan, N- (3-carboxypropanoyl) chitosan and N- (carboxymethyl) -6-O- (2-hydroxyethyl) chitosan, and two kinds of dicarboxylated chitosan derivatives, N- (carboxymethoxyacetyl) -6-O- (carboxy-methyl) chitosan and N- (2-carboxypropanoyl) -6-O- (carboxymethyl) chitosan were prepared and their moisture-absorption and moisture-release properties were examined and compared with those of hyaluronic acid.The moisture-absorption and moisture release properties of 6-O- (carboxymethyl) chitosan, N- (carboxymethoxyacetyl) -6-O- (carboxymethyl) chitosan and N- (3-carboxypropanoyl) -6-O- (carboxymethyl) chitosan were found quite similar to those of hyaluronic acid. The introduction of carboxyl groups into chitin and chitosan improved their water retention capacity which was also considerably influenced by their positions of substituents and degree of substitution.


Article history: Received April 12th, 2021 Revised July 19th, 2021 Accepted July 26th, 2021 Published July 30th, 2021 The COVID19 has fabricated a new way of life with the worldwide social restrictions policy. During the pandemic, Indonesian university students are mostly socially linked through the Internet, altering their prior face-to-face interactions. While being online, students rely on the technology to create their idealized self as a professional. Alterations in the study methods had created drawbacks when students were continuously building their professional identity, thus their hustle. This research aimed to describe students' experiences and efforts while treating the Internet as an invisible technology during COVID19. Data collected via online survey with open ended questionnaires by convenience sampling. Research subjects were 10 international class students of Communication Science at Universitas Brawijaya. Data was being analyzed employing thematic analysis. This study found that students' pressurized effort to hustle and rely more on the self while working to achieve the best mark during the pandemic occurs for two distinct reasons: gradually decreasing trust towards their group members' teamwork motivation and spiraling compulsion to earn other skills as part of their portfolio before graduating. This research confirms that while students are in the process of adapting to the online learning scheme, their trust level towards online information are heightened yet their trust level towards their peers are weakened. Further studies on the implications of rising hustle culture amongst students to the academic life is suggested.


The observation about mangrove forest condition in Lombok Island has already conducted. According to forestry statistic data of West Nusa Tenggara Province in 1993, West Nusa Tenggara province has 49.174 ha of mangrove forest. The purpose of this activity is to know the are of mangrove forest in Lombok island and also for the damage level inventory in mangrove forest potency area. Generally the method is using LAndsat - TM digital analysis data, dated August 19, 1997 and Geographical Information System (GIS). Land covered classification is conducted using Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) method and vegetation density level using land system map, and the quality making using field observation data. The quality formulation is KL equal f (pl, kt, kkp, kta) The damage level of mangrove area is determine using mathematical method of TNSs equal (pl x 35) plus (kkp x 20) plus (kt x 15) for temporary damage level data used as a reference to field observation, while mathematical model TNS equal (N x 30) plus(Np x 20)plus(L x 15)plus(P x 10)plus(C x 10) to make the final mangrove damage level map. Besides that also identifield the factors cousing mangrove damage in Lombok Island. From the Landsat-TM data processing result it is obtained that the mangrove forest area in Lombok Island is 1.340,1 ha. And for the mangrove damage level in mangrove forest potency area in Lombok Island; damage mangrove 1.519,85 ha and heavy damage forest 906,31 ha. According to the damaging factors identification, it shows that generally the social-economic factor of the community around mangrove ecosystem take a big role to the damage.


This paper gives a general description of the modern ball race mill, describes how shot coke is ground in this mill type, and finally concludes with the test results from an industrial grinding plant.


We have developed devices that help tetraplegics to perform some professional activities adapted to their capabilities, in an attempt to promote their social reintegration and also to provide them with a source of income. As tetraplegics lack the movements of their upper limbs, few options of work are available for them. We have gathered a group of tetraplegics into different categories, according to their preserved movements. We have then analyzed in the market which professional activities required less amount of adaptations in order to be performed by these subjects. A photo studio, a print shop, and a fast food store were found to be the most appropriate places for these groups to work. Some adaptations were developed in order to facilitate access the workstations. Sensors, settled in determined places of the workstation, may allow the activation of a gear system by the remaining movements of the tetraplegic subject, in order to perform some specific task such as moving a photographic camera or emulating a computer mouse to select determined functions, as the edition and impression of pictures, post cards, invitation cards, and printable films. The system also allowed them to digitalize pictures and images of items displayed on a computer screen. The devices were successfully tested by non-tetraplegic volunteers and then by the tetraplegics themselves. The system has been found to be very practical and easy to use, without requiring great effort by the user.


India's economic policies have undergone a paradigm shift in recent years. The reasons for this shift are varied and complex. They include economic crisis, the manifest inimical effects of earlier policies, political and ideational changes in the outside world, and external pressure from international financial institutions and domestic political interests. This essay focuses on another mechanism: the impact of transborder flows of ideas – transmitted through international migration and return by Indian intellectuals and entrepreneurs – on the policy preferences of governing elites. I argue that while these effects are at least as significant as the other factors mentioned above, they are also the least demonstrable. Returning and circulatory elites are imbedded in specific international "epistemic communities." This allows them to serve as conduits for the diffusion of new ideas and paradigms back to India's domestic sphere. Patterns of elite migration, combined with certain features of India's policymaking process and institutional environment, have reshaped the economic preferences of elites, with significant consequences for the trajectory of economic reforms. This is a dynamic that is as likely to increase as to abate as the reform process continues. This article first outlines an analytical framework specifying the factors and mechanisms through which international migration and diaspora have economic effects on a country. It then presents evidence that particular features of India's migration and its institutions have enhanced the diffusion of ideas, particularly with regard to economic policies. The article concludes by emphasizing the multiple


Considering that tannery wastewater contained chrome tanning wastewater,the chrome tanning wastewater was separated and pretreated,and the chrome tanning sludge was recycled in the wastewater treatment project of a tannery in Zhejiang Province.The comprehensive wastewater was pretreated by pre-settling and air flotation to improve the biodegradability of wastewater.Combined with facultative and aerobic biological treatment processes,the tannery wastewater met the discharge standards.The composition of wastewater treatment reconstruction project,the design parameters of each treatment unit and the operation mode are introduced to provide reference for up-to-standard discharge of tannery wastewater and upgrading and reconstruction of WWTPs.


INFORMED CONSENT is a long-standing cornerstone of the protection of human subjects in research, having been enshrined in federal regulations for the protection of human research subjects since the promulgation of research policies in the early 1980s. The ethical bases for the commitment to informed consent in research were articulated in The Belmont Report (National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1979), the product of a national government commission convened largely in response to scandals in the (mis)use of human subjects brought to public attention. It focused primarily on the importance of the principle of respect for persons, and its support for the right of individuals to make decisions about research participation and whether the risks and benefits posed in research are acceptable to them. This is the backdrop against which human gene transfer research takes place, which even after nearly two decades of experience remains a novel and highly prospective area of clinical research. Human gene transfer (HGT) research raises significant issues for informed consent of the subjects who are recruited to participate in trials, calling into question whether and how HGT research can be performed ethically. My brief answer to this question is that while HGT poses challenges for the informed consent process, acceptable informed consent can be achieved through careful attention to the persistent issues that are outlined below. These challenges are hardly unique to HGT, so the analysis to follow, and the suggestions and recommendations that stem from it, apply more widely across areas of clinical research that share aspects with HGT.


Artificial insemination (AI) is becoming more common in canine reproduction, permitting the use of shipped semen, assistance for geriatric or subfertile males, coverage of dominant females, and advanced reproductive technology such as intrauterine deposition of semen. AI may be performed with fresh, chilled, or frozen semen. All instruments should be clean and free of any chemical contamination. After semen has been collected and evaluated, it can be deposited in the cranial vagina of the bitch using a rigid insemination pipette of appropriate length, or into the uterus via transcervical catheterization. Access to the uterus via laparoscopy or laparotomy is less desirable due to invasiveness. Semen (the second fraction) may be diluted with extenders and chilled for later or distant use (within 48 hr), or extended and frozen in liquid nitrogen (in straws or pellets) for longterm storage. Phosphate-buffered egg yolk diluent or Tris-buffered diluent is used most often; several commercial extenders are available. Chilled semen should be warmed for evaluation before use. Frozen semen should be thawed as directed by the cryopreservation center, evaluated, and immediately inseminated.


In order to solve the forecast problem of microwave effect, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is applied and the microwave parameters and its thresholds are adopted as variable. As a result, the ANFIS model based on the microwave effect data is developed, and the confidence level and confidence interval are proposed to appraise the forecasting ability of the ANFIS model. Comparing the output of the ANFIS with the training and testing data, the good forecasting ability, small error and low data requirement are found with the ANFIS.


Cosmic rays are created in turbulent plasmas present in practically all astronomical objects. Their diffusion in space is governed by their transport meam-free path, which increases as the cosmic-ray energy increases. On the earth small energy cosmic rays (10/sup 9/ to 10/sup 12/ ev) are mostla contributed by stars present in the region of the spiral arm where the earth is located. The moderate energy ones (l0/sup 12/ to l0/sup 16/ ev) come mostly from novae and supernovae near the center of the galaxy via diffusion in the galactic halo. The most energetic rays (>l0/sup 16/ ev) arrive instead from other galaxies and from the intergalactic spaces. The data on the mass spectrum, the energy spectrum, and the angular distribution of the cosmic rays arriving on the earth are consistent with this picture. (auth)


In pneumatic servo system, an adaptive control method is useful since change in load mass and air compressibility cause parameter variation of the plant. When the discrete time model of the plant becomes non-minimum phase, the adaptive pole-placement control should be applied. However, it is difficult to obtain satisfactory control performances by only using the adaptive pole-placement control when the non-linearity of the plant is not negligible. On the other hand, it is well-known that neural network is effective for such nonlinear plant. This paper presents a design scheme of the discrete-time adaptive pole-placement control incorporating neural network for a pneumatic servo system. In this experiment, we compare the proposed design scheme with a design scheme only using adaptive pole-placement control. As the results, proposed design scheme shows superior control performance in both the transient and steady-state response suppressing the effect of the non-linearity.


THE PURPOSE of this paper is to examine the opinion, understanding and attitude of medical students for ethical conduct towards terminally ill patients and specifically as regards Advance Directives for Health Care (ADHC). METHODS: A direct group inquiry was conducted with firstyear medical students in May 2010, in Medical Faculty, Thracian University, Stara Zagora. RESULTS: Most of the inquired students, 72.9%, think that considering the professional conduct with the preliminary expressed patients' wish is justified by the principle of autonomy's respect. According to 59.4% of the examined students ADHC should not be compulsory. The grounds are that any potential compulsory character would verge to compulsion and would deprive the right of choice. 31.3% of the students think that the person who will keep the document and be responsible for its performance should be specified by the patient. Since ADHC reflects the patient's free wish and is a mechanism for exerting his main rights, the patient himself should initiate the filling of ADHC, according to 41.7% of the replied students. CONCLUSION: The majority of inquired students have positive attitude to ADHC. The respect of preliminary expressed wish is grounded by the principle for respect of autonomy.


This paper describes a model developed to predict the interactions between multiple electrostatic probes that are separated by distances that are shorter than or comparable to the characteristic plasma shielding length, for example, double floating probe systems on spacecraft at high altitudes where Debye lengths exceed the probe-spacecraft separation. The computation involves crude approximations accounting for space charge effects, currents due to the emission and exchange of photoelectrons, and currents from the ambient plasma. Floating potentials are calculated by requiring current balance for each probe and solving by iteration the resulting coupled nonlinear equations. Although only qualitative accuracy is claimed, predictions using the model are found to be in good agreement with observations from the S³-A (Explorer 45) satellite (apogee 5.2 RE, perigee 222 km, and inclination 3.6°). The S³-A satellite measures the potential difference between a pair of symmetrical spherical floating probes (14-cm diameter; 5-m base line). The S³-A data show that with increasing altitude, first, the sunward sphere will typically assume a more negative potential than the antisunward sphere; second, the polarities of the probes in the region L=2–4 may switch, sometimes several times; and, finally, near the plasmapause the detector output may saturate (ΔV > 125 mV), the sunward sphere being more negative. The model predicts sphere potential differences when the twin-sphere antenna base line is nearly aligned with the sun direction. The results indicate that these S³-A measurements result from the asymmetry of the spacecraft sheath due to photoelectrons emitted from one side of the spacecraft. As altitude increases, first, photoelectrons from the sunlit portion of the spacecraft impinging directly on the sunward sphere will drive it slightly more negative than the antisunward sphere; second, the negative space charge region on the dark side of a spacecraft having an insulating surface may under certain conditions keep the antisunward sphere more negative as the sphere potentials rise through zero; and, third, as the plasmapause is crossed, the combination of increasing Debye length and rising spacecraft body potential is predicted to result in the space charge potential becoming more positive at the antisunward sphere. Upon studying the effects of varying the parameters of the model, it is concluded that electrostatic probe measurements in the magnetosphere can be improved by increasing the distance to the probes, by lowering the photoemission of the spacecraft body, or by otherwise inhibiting the collection of body photoelectrons by the probes. The conductivity of the spacecraft body is found not to be as important for double-probe electric field measurements inside or near the plasmapause as had been believed.


The present study involves the numerical investigation of the fluid flow pattern and heat transfer inside bio packages. In the proposed bio package, the biomaterials are encased inside a hollow cavity surrounded by phase change materials. The study represents the numerical analysis of Transient Natural Convection inside an inclined two-dimensional rectangular cavity. The angle of inclination of the thermal enclosure is varied from 0° (heated from below) to 180° (heated from above). The inclination effects of the cavity on the cooling performance of biomaterials are studied. Transient natural convection regimes study, have been performed for Aspect ratio (Ar) 0.5 and at Rayleigh number (Ra) 1.63 e08. Temperature and Stream function contours during the Initial transient stage, Quasi-steady stage and the Late Quasi-steady stage are shown for the flow visualization inside the enclosure. Numerical predictions of the influence of angle of inclination on the Nusselt number and the heat transfer rate during the Quasi-steady stage are obtained. The numerical modeling is performed using commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, based on finite volume approach. Variation of Nusselt number along the coupled wall with time is shown to be dependent on the orientation of the enclosure.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Almost all authors that have implemented current vector control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors, need to compensate the nonlinear effects characterizing such machines due to saturation and air-gap flux redistribution. In this paper, with the intent of offering an analytical approach to the control laws that govern any optimized operation of the motor on a wide speed range including field-weakening, a nonlinear model of the IPM machine is introduced and adopted as the tool to deduce the control equations. Experimental tests are performed on a IPM machine to show the non linearities, to model them accurately, and to check the validity of the proposed control techniques.


The invention provides a method for producing biogas by using cyanobacteria as a raw material, and belongs to the technical field of waste resourceful treatment. Crushed cyanobacteria water is mixed with pig manure; medium-temperature anaerobic digestion is performed by an ABR reactor; biogas obtained by desulphurization is collected; the obtained residues are used as fertilizer; quantitative reduction, harmless and resourceful treatment of Taihu lake cyanobacteria are finally realized, and high biogas yield is obtained; and the utilization value of Taihu lake cyanobacteria is increased.


Erbium-doped BaTiO3 with the composition of Ba1-xErxTiO3 for with x = 0.0045, 0.0085, 0.01, and 0.02 samples were prepared via the solid-state reaction method. The samples were sintered at 1300℃ and 1400℃ in ambient air. The samples were single phase tetragonal structure with the space group P4mm. The phase pure of Ba1-xErxTiO3 samples was confirmed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The crystal analysis for Ba1-xErxTiO3 samples was simulated using Visualization for Electronic and Structural Analysis (VESTA) software.


Petsyukh Stepan V., Petsyukh Marta S., Kovbasnyuk Marta M., Barylyak Liliya G., Zukow W alery. Relationships between Popovych's Adaptation Index and parameters of ongoiging HRV and EEG in patients with chronic pyelonephrite and cholecystite in remission. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(2):99-110. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.46076 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3382 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/714487 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.01.2016. Revised 12.01.2016. Accepted: 31.01.2016. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN POPOVYCH'S ADAPTATION INDEX AND PARAMETERS OF ONGOIGING HRV AND EEG IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITE AND CHOLECYSTITE IN REMISSION Stepan V. Petsyukh 1 , Marta S. Petsyukh 2 , Marta M. Kovbasnyuk 4 , Liliya G. Barylyak 3,4 , W alery Zukow 4 1 Medical Rehabilitation Center "Perlyna Prykarpattya" Ministry of Internal Affairs, Truskavets', Ukraine email@example.com 2 Danylo Halyts'kyǐ National Medical University, L'viv, Ukraine 3 JSC "Truskavets' kurort", Truskavets', Ukraine firstname.lastname@example.com 4 Laboratory of Experimental Balneology, OO Bohomolets' Institute of Physiology NAS, Truskavets', Kyiv     firstname.lastname@example.com 5 Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland email@example.com Abstracts Background. The conception of general adaptation reactions of organism (GARO), created by Garkavi LKh, Kvakina ЕB and Ukolova MA in 1977 on the base of Selye H classic conception of stress and developed then by them (1998), and also by Radchenko ОМ (2004), sufficiently successfully used in medicine and valeology for the estimation of general condition of organism. The downside the concept was qualitative assessment of GIRO. So Popovych IL (2000, 2006) proposed to quantify the various GARO Adaptation Index, which significantly correlated with the levels of key hormones adaptation and HRV parameters as well as phagocytosis. Another disadvantage of the concept is the lack of EEG markers GARO. We set a goal to analyze the relationships Popovych's Adaptation Index with parameters of HRV and EEG. Methods. In basal conditions in 22 men, patients with chronic pyelonephrite and cholecystite in remission, recorded twice during 9-11 days HRV ("Cardiolab+VSR", KhAI Medica, Ukraine) and EEG ("NeuroCom Standard", KhAI Medica, Ukraine). In portion of blood counted up leukocytogram, on the basis of which determined Popovych's Adaptation Index (PAI). Results. Registered 14 normal (harmonious) GARO, 20 premorbidic (disharmonious) GARO and only 9 reactions of superactivation, in the absence stress-reactions. Revealed the closest relationship between PAI and normalized Power Spectral Density (PSD) LF (r=0,44), Baevskiy's Stress Index in Orthostase (r=0,41), Laterality Index PSD θ-Rhythm (r=-0,43), PSD β-Rhythm in Right Occipital locus (r=-0,40). Canonical correlation between PAI, on the one hand, and the parameters of HRV and EEG, on the other hand, is strong: R=0,846; R 2 =0,716; Adjusted R 2 =0,628; F (10) =8,1; χ 2 (10) =47,3; p<10 -5 . Conclusion. Popovych's Adaptation Index reflects the activity of a number of regulatory nerve structures. Keywords: general adaptation reactions, leukocytogram, index of adaptation by Popovych, HRV, EEG, correlations.


Cryotherapy of the uterine cervix can produce tissue damage of various depths. It is very important to be familiar with the extent of tissue damage in standardizing the treatment and assessing its effect. In the present work nonspecific esterase reaction was applied for the early study of tissue damage. It was found that this method can be used with benefit in the early assessment of the effect of freezing. The enzyme reaction was primarily a sensible marker of cell damage in the cervical cells.


Clock synchronization technology is an active research area in distributed systems. Because most distributed systems encountered in practice are asynchronous, they have to adopt fault-tolerant clock synchronization algorithms to guarantee a bound on message communication delays. And clock synchronization technology based on hypothesis test can avoid the abnormal case of a system caused by missing clock synchronization on two asynchronous clocks with high probability. Hypothesis test of clock synchronization is discussed in this paper. Besides the hypothesis test and two types of error probability, the definitions of probabilistic minimum clock deviation, clock synchronization, etc. are also given. Under the assumption that the probability distribution of the clock deviation approaches the normal distribution, a hypothesis testing scheme of clock synchronization based on non-central t-distribution is presented. Finally, based on the bidirectional message communication transmission mode, both an estimate sample and a testing sample of the clock deviation are given.


Stephen J. Pyne has filled a gap in the history of American geology by writing the first modern biography of Grove Karl Gilbert. The career of this pioneering American geologist spanned the period during which American geology entered what Pyne terms its "heroic age... during which the science was intellectually and institutionally defined." Not a figure the like of John Wesley Powell, Gilbert was, in the words of his long-time friend C. Hart Merriam, "an authority in many fields, and yet. one who never assumed authority; a leader in science, and yet one who never assumed leadership." Born in Rochester, New York, in 1843, Gilbert completed his studies at the University of Rochester at age 19. Temperamentally disinclined to get involved in the Civil War, which the uncertain state of his health would doubtless have precluded anyway, Gilbert briefly turned to schoolteaching in Michigan. He resigned in embarrassment when it became apparent that he could not control his obstreperous pupils. Five years with Henry Ward's Scientific Establishment in Rochester followed, during which an assignment to excavate mastodon bones near Albany triggered an interest in the surrounding rock formations. At 25, Gilbert was launched on his life's work. Following a brief stint as a volunteer assistant with the Geological Survey of Ohio, Gilbert joined the U.S. Army's Geographical Survey West of the 100th Meridian, led by Lt. George M. Wheeler. After four sometimes frustrating years as a civilian geologist with the Wheeler Survey, during which he mastered his craft, Gilbert left in 1875 to begin work with John Wesley Powell's Geological and Geographical Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region. He had met Powell in 1872, thus beginning a close personal and professional association that ended only with Powell's death in 1902. It proved to be a fortunate connection for Gilbert. He met his future wife at a party held in Powell's home and in 1879 was carried over from Powell's Corps to the ranks of the newly formed U.S. Geological Survey, an agency largely of


We perform an analysis of the number of sunspot groups in activity cycles from 1610 through the present. Here we use the Gn index, which is defined as the average daily number of sunspot groups in cycle n. There is a high positive correlation between the parameter Gn in the current cycle and an analogous parameter in the following cycle Gn + 1 both for pairs of even–odd cycles and odd–even activity cycles. In cycle Nos. 10–21 for pairs of even–odd cycles, the ratio of parameter Gn corresponds to the GO rule . However, during the period ∼1745–1850, odd cycles were less than the preceding even cycles . The ratio of the parameter has a long-term variation within the range 0.5–1.5 with a period of about 21 activity cycles, and it proves the reversal of the GO rule.


Dendritic cells are major antigen-presenting cells that can efficiently cross-prime antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Thus, targeting antigen to dendritic cells via surface receptors is an appealing strategy to mount CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens and cancers. Nonetheless, which targeted receptor is the most efficient at priming CD8+ T cells remains elusive. Herein, we report the superior function of CD40 over nine different lectins and scavenger receptors at priming antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. A quantitative analysis of intracellular trafficking of antibody-bound receptors revealed that αCD40 monoclonal antibody localized mainly at the plasma membrane and subsequently accumulated at early endocytic compartments whereas αLOX-1 and αDectin-1 monoclonal antibodies localized at both early and late endocytic compartments in dendritic cells. Regardless of the differences in their subcellular localizations, targeting antigen to CD40 and lectins resulted in the same pattern of peptide epitope-specific IFNg+CD8+ T cell responses. We also report that poly(I:C) can significantly enhance both CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses elicited by targeting antigen to CD40 in both human in vitro and in human CD40 transgenic mouse in vivo settings. This study provides key information for the rational design of DC-targeting vaccines against cancers and intracellular pathogens.


The experimental studies devoted to the coadsorption of gases on graphite are mostly related to two gases with very diffcrerent 3D condensation properties and wetting properties. In these cases we always observe a displacement of the condensed imperfectly wetring two-dimensional layer by the perfectly wetting film according to a first-order phase transition. But with krypton and ethylene which are two gases with such properties at 68.85 K the results obtained by a volumetric method are very different : 1) krypton adsorption does not displace the ethylene layer and the krypton molecules adsorb on the preadsorhed ethylene layer ; 2) the first step of the krypton isotherms shows one or several vertical substeps corresponding to krypton adsorption on the two different structures of the ethylene film (low-density solid and high-density solid).


In this paper,process parameters of carburizing and quenching for 20CrMnTi carburizing steel are studied by pit carburizing furnace,and their influence on microstructure,mechanical properties,micro-hardness and residual stress is researched by physics and chemistry,quantity testing methods for 20CrMnTi steel gear.The residual austenite and the concentration distribution are measured,the best carburizing temperature and holding time etc.carburizing process parameters are determined,so as to reduce production costs.


Abstract Two bargaining parties play the Nash Demand Game to share a pie whose size is determined by one party's investment decision. Various investment levels are subgame-perfect. Adding the investment decision to Young's evolutionary bargaining model yields the following long-run outcome: efficient investment prevails and the investor's share of the pie approximates die maximum of (i) the smallest share that induces efficient investment, even if the investor expects to appropriate the available pie from every inefficient investment, and (ii) half of the pie. The result favors forward induction to subgame consistency and equity theory to hold-ups. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C78, L14.


The present invention is a method of treating cachexia and / or sarcopenia an oral dose or pharmaceutical formulations containing these S- pindolol, and to an oral formulation for use in the treatment of the method. The method and oral formulations comprising administering an S- pindolol or pharmaceutical formulations containing these 2.5~20Mg. .BACKGROUND


Specific experiences from the study of Phobos and Deimos during the Viking mission are used to formulate three basic goals for imaging studies of asteroids. These are: (1) the highest possible resolution; (2) complete coverage of the surface; and (3) data over a wide range of phase angles.