OBJECTIVE
To describe owner experiences with gastrostomy tubes used at home.

DESIGN
Telephone survey.

ANIMALS
20 cats and 5 dogs.

PROCEDURE
Owner's opinions obtained by phone interview.

RESULTS
Although 32% (8/25) of owners were initially reluctant to feed their cat or dog through the gastrostomy tube, 92% (22/24) of owners became comfortable with the procedure. Eighty-four percent (21/25) of owners were able to feed their dog or cat unassisted; 16% (4/25) required another person to help. Median time required for feeding was 19.8 minutes. Ninety-six percent (24/25) of owners believed their dog or cat was comfortable with the procedure. Eighty-four percent (21/25) of owners experienced complications or difficulties. Most problems involved bandage maintenance, administration of food through the syringe and tube, or acquisition of syringes and special foods. Ninety-six percent (22/23) of owners would be willing to use a gastrostomy tube again.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Most owners had positive experiences with the feeding experience and would be willing to use gastrostomy tube feeding again. Difficulties encountered by owners were not serious and could be avoided by specific client instruction.


The study is aimed to comprehend Agropolitan framework in developing of nationalpolicy, and specifically its opportunity in East Java Province. Agropolitan is regionaldevelopment that is based on broadly agricultural development in term on-farm, off-farm and the supporting sector.  Until 2003, it has developed 29 agropolitan areas ineach province excluding DKI Jakarta.  Fund sharing contribution for the agropolitandevelopment were (i) cetral government, 10 to 20 percent; (ii) province government,21 to 40 percent; and (iii) regency or municipality government 41 to 60 percent.  InEast Java, Pasuruan and Sidoarjo regency were proposed as agropolitan area basedon  some  reasons  as  follows:  (i)  perform  significant  entrepreneurship  of  humanresources; (ii) in line with the development plan of Agribusiness Market Center inJemundo  Village,  Sidoarjo  Regency;  and  (iii)  provide  a  high  access  to  TanjungPerak harbor and Juanda International Airport.  Both regency areas have resultedleading  commodities  such as  estate  plant  (mangoes, apple,  sugarcane),  fisheries(bandeng), horticulture (high altitude vegetables), livestock (cow-milk and poultry),and wood craft and mebellair (from forest product). Keywords: Agropolitan, East Java, Pasuruan-Sidoarjo, leading commodity


A modem complex instrumentation system design for on-line graphical monitoring of remote target process system parameters in a river-barrage required designing of several blocks of signal or data-processing electronics. The barrage already had some local arrangement of recording gate-movement through electronic encoders attached with the hoist-motor system at the barrage-structure. So, a design-challenge was to study these encoders and to develop indigenous Microcontroller-based Processing cards for integration. Gate-height inputs were picked through electro-magnetic sensing in encoder-electronics. The electronic signals needed to be properly analyzed so as to ensure that the gate-data are properly compatible with the measurement system. Using Virtual Instrumentation (VI) systems in the control rooms of both industrial and field measurements is now a steadily growing global trend with the easy availability of standard PC based hardware and software which are now rugged and user-friendly. The graphical programming software called LabVIEW has become a dominant standard in the area of Virtual Instrumentation. The developed integrated instrumentation system included LabVIEW based front-ends developed for graphical display of Gate movements in the control room PC screen. Control room PC was equipped with a DAS card. Other options of display software were also tried. This paper would report the result of real-life research-studies and design-experiments performed in the spheres of sensor-electronics and system-electronics for developing a modem Barrage Gate Monitoring System applicable to any river-project with electrically operated barrage-gates.


The Lo rentz transformation is well known. In this paper, we have presented various types of applications of different Lorenz Transformat ions according to the nature of movement of one inertial frame relat ive to the other inertial frame such as relativistic aberration, relativ istic Doppler's effect and reflection of light ray by a moving mirro r. When one frame moves along X- axis with respect to the rest frame then we can find these applications for special Lo rentz transformation. When the motion o f the mov ing frame is not along X-axis relat ive to the rest frame but the mot ion is along any arbitrary direction then we can find these formulae for most general Lorentz transformation. We can generate these formulae fo r d ifferent types of most general Lorentz transformations using mixed number, quaternion and geometric product.


The author of the article analyzes the problem of independence of judges in soviet Lithuania in 1940-1941. The author discusses the guarantees of the independence of judges, one of which is the group of guarantees of judiciary formation process. Due to the restrictions of the articles volume in this research the author examines two main elements of judiciary formation process in soviet Lithuania – the selection of judges and the judge elections in 1940-1941. In contrast to Western law traditions, according to soviet law doctrine the only subject of implementation of soviet justice was not courts and judges, but only the people. For this reason the independence of judges in soviet Lithuania was used not for ensure judges independence, but, in contrary, for the ensure of judges dependence from communist party as only this party was entitled to deliver what the justice is. In soviet law literature it is stated that in the process of judge selection there were two main subjects: the Peoples Commissariat of Justice and the party committees. But, according to the archives, the only subject of judge selection was the Center committee of Lithuanian communist party – it was the only subject entitled to make final decision about the suitability of the candidate to become a soviet judge.


This collection of sixteen articles is an appreciation of the work and mentoring of Peter Geschiere, who taught cultural anthropology and the sociology of sub-Saharan Africa at Leiden University from 1989 to 2002. Former graduate students and colleagues from a number of disciplines have contributed. The volume is divided into four sections. The first includes Geschiere's introduction to major themes of his work. Principal among them is his rejection of Western dichotomies as they often are applied to sub-Saharan Africa—we versus they; developed versus undeveloped (or developing). In this essay he argues that contemporary struggles over citizenship and belonging in African countries are consistent with an international phenomenon, in which opposition to immigration "battles" against increasing global mobility. For him the perception that the African experience of modernity is not unique presents an opportunity for comparative work. Rather than viewing Africa as "the other," "African studies can provide a mirror that can highlight unexpected tensions and inconsistencies in the dreams of 'modernity' everywhere in the world" (24). His introduction is followed by testimony from Jean-Francois Bayart and Karin Willemse on the simultaneously provocative and nurturing character of Geschiere's collaboration and mentoring. The second section consists of four articles grouped under the heading of "Politics and the Nation-State." Michiel Baud presents a broad overview of Latin American politics and constructs an intriguing comparison with African politics. He demonstrates the value of asking "African" questions in the Latin American context to reveal political behavior that may otherwise be invisible through an "over-institutionalized" perspective of political studies of the state. Similarly, Gerhard Seibert (writing on persisting cultural patterns in Sao Tome e Principe politics), Fissaha and Yesheanu Gheneti (writing on the failure of state policies and the persistence of local


Forecasting the domestic coffee consumption demand is important for policy planning and making the right decisions. Thus, in this study, we try to find out the most suitable model among three proposed models (GM (1,1), DGM (1,1) and Grey Verhulst model (GVM)) for predicting the amount of domestic coffee consumption in Vietnam in the future. Yearly data of coffee consumption from 2010–2020 are used in this research. The experimental results indicated that the GM (1,1) is the most accurate model selected in this study with the lowest average value of [Formula: see text]%. So, the GM (1,1) model is strongly suggested in the analysis of coffee consumption demand in Vietnam. Finding the right tool will help managers make right decisions easily for sustainable development of the coffee industry in Vietnam in the future.


Meta-learning frameworks for few-shot learning aims to learn models that can learn new skills or adapt to new environments rapidly with a few training examples. This has led to the generalizability of the developed model towards new classes with just a few labelled samples. However these networks are seen as black-box models and understanding the representations learnt under different learning scenarios is crucial. Neural collapse ($\mathcal{NC}$) is a recently discovered phenomenon which showcases unique properties at the network proceeds towards zero loss. The input features collapse to their respective class means, the class means form a Simplex equiangular tight frame (ETF) where the class means are maximally distant and linearly separable, and the classifier acts as a simple nearest neighbor classifier. While these phenomena have been observed in simple classification networks, this study is the first to explore and understand the properties of neural collapse in meta learning frameworks for few-shot learning. We perform studies on the Omniglot dataset in the few-shot setting and study the neural collapse phenomenon. We observe that the learnt features indeed have the trend of neural collapse, especially as model size grows, but to do not necessarily showcase the complete collapse as measured by the $\mathcal{NC}$ properties.


The paper summarizes operating experience with transformer oils from the aspect of sludge formation and the increase of acidity with life, and it describes tests designed to study the correlation of increasing acidity found in service with predictions of performance based upon the Michie sludge test. The basis of selection of transformers and oils for these tests?which were initiated in 1943?is given, and themethod of preparing the transformers is described. Acidity values are discussed from the aspect of working conditions and transformer site. The results show a trend towards greater deterioration of oils yielding higher acidity values in the sludge test, and B.S. 148: 1933 has been revised to exclude such oils. It is concluded that, under normal operating conditions, oils complying with B.S. 148: 1951 may give satisfactory service, with the minimum of maintenance, for the whole of the expected life of the transformer.


A neck-protection electric heating water pillow relates to a neck-protection pillow performing hot compress through electrically heating liquid in a bag. The neck-protection electrical water heating pillow comprises a hot water bag body (1); the jack (2) of a temperature-controlled electrical heated tube is formed at one end of the bag body (1); liquid (3) is filled in the bag body (1); the bag body (1) is made of water-proof and temperature-resistant flannel material; and a working indication lamp is arranged at the jack (2) of the temperature-controlled electrical heated tube. The pillow isconsistent with neck curves, can effectively lessen neck fatigue, has low manufacturing cost, convenient and comfort use, attractive appearance, and good water-proof performance, and is suitable for various family activities and desk activities.


Objective To study the advantage of retroperitoneal laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy through comparative study on postoperative care between retroperitoneal laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy and open surgery. Methods During the period from August 2007 to December 2009, living donor nephrectomy were divided into 25 cases of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery and 20 cases of open surgery. The nursing characteristics were compared. Results The operation and recovery of all patients are successful. The drainage tube indwelling days, urinary catheter indwelling days, postoperative bed time, days of absolute diet and hospitalization in retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery group were significantly shorter than those in open surgery group(P <0. 01). Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy has the advantages of minimally invasive, rapid recovery and fewer hospital days, Worth being popularized in clinical otolaryngology application

Key words:
Retroperitoneal laparoscopic liviny donor nephrectomy; Open surgery; Nursing


Stainless steel material samples with different surface roughness values were investigated to determine their spectral directional emissivity at elevated temperatures up to 1200 K in the visible to...


FROM a clinical standpoint, the expression "pseudo-glioma" possesses a certain convenience, but pathologically, as we all know, it is about as loose and inexact as any term can well be. The conditions that are most commonly mistaken for glioma include metastatic irido-cyclitis and extension retinitis. Gross tubercle of the choroid, too, as pointed out by the late W. A. Brailey,' may also lead to confusion, although such cases are admittedly very rare. Lastly, certain congenital anomalies, to which special attention has been directed by E. Treacher Collins,2 may be difficult or impossible to diagnose from glioma. To the foregoing conditions I now add another possible source of confusion, namely, "retinitis exudativa," or "retinitis haemorrhagica externa," as differentiated by George Coats several years ago in a wellknown communication published in the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital Reports of November, 1908.8 I do not for a moment flatter myself that the connexion in question has escaped the attention of some other observers, although, so far as I am aware, nobody has brought it prominently forward as I venture to do on this occasion. For that matter, in a widely quoted communication on "Pseudo-glioma," written by E. Treacher Collins twenty-three years ago,4 a series of eleven cases was described, where the appearances that clinically simulated glioma were found, on pathological examination, to be due to inflammatory exudation into the vitreous, with or without detachment of the retina. An attentive perusal of the details shows that of the eleven cases several were instances of retinitis exudativa. The communication, it should be added, was written sixteen years before George Coats clearly differentiated the condition from a crowd of others (1908). An instructive case of the kind was published recently by a Japanese surgeon, Hajano,5


M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea Intramural hematoma of the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon occurrence with the majority being localized to the esophagus or duodenum. Hematoma of the gastric wall is very rare, and has been reported most commonly in association with coagulopathy, trauma, hematologic disease, and therapeutic endoscopy. Here we describe a case of intramural gastric hematoma after epinephrine injection therapy for a gastric ulcer with underlying liver cirrhosis that was successfully managed with conservative therapy.


The utility model which discloses an energy-saving refrigerator with a water-heating function belongs to a household refrigerator, and the utility model utilizes residual heat and raises refrigerating efficiency. The utility model is characterized in that the condenser of the refrigerator is horizontally installed on the bottom of a heating water tank arranged on the top of the refrigerator, the upper end of the heating water tank is provided with an openable water tank cover, and a water outlet faucet is added to the side wall of the water tank. The utility model has the advantages of energy-saving, simple structure and convenient use; besides, the utility model makes full use of residual heat to enhance refrigerating efficiency, and the utility model is the household convenient and energy-saving refrigerator with a water-heating function.


Compressive sensing (CS) provides a mathematical platform for designing analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) that sample signals at sub-Nyquist rates. In particular, the framework espouses a linear sensing system coupled with a non-linear, iterative computational recovery algorithm. A central problem within this platform is the design of practical hardware systems that can be easily calibrated and coupled with computational recovery algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new CS-ADC that resolves some of the practical issues present in prior work. We dub this new system the polyphase random demodulator.


Abstract : This monograph examines the interagency interoperability challenges faced by joint force commanders and planners during international humanitarian assistance operations (HAO). Three patterns or currents flow through the study. These currents include the commander's environmental awareness of his area of operations, organizational design, and development of interoperability enhancing procedures. By examining current doctrine and HAO case studies through the prism of these currents, one readily sees the crucial decisions and dilemmas facing joint force commanders and their staffs. The monograph first introduces the major participants in humanitarian assistance operations. These participants fall primarily into three groups: non-governmental organizations, government agencies, and the military organizations. Next, a historical perspective of interagency interoperability during international (HACs) provides examples of interagency coordination and confrontation beginning with the Vietnam War to present day operations. A doctrinal basis is formed in the next section by examining the three current in relation to joint and U.S. Army doctrine. The next section consists of Case studies of Operations PROVIDE COMFORT and SUPPORT HOPE. The final two sections offer emerging techniques and procedures and conclusions. The monograph's principal conclusions revolve around the joint force commander's initial assessment. This operational and environmental assessment will often dictate the joint force organizational design. That is why the joint forces commander must use all available resources, both military and civilian, to gain a true picture of the crisis.


Bleeding remains a major limitation of standard anticoagulant drugs that target the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways. Recently, intrinsic coagulation factors are increasingly being investigated as alternative targets for developing anticoagulant drugs with lower bleeding risk.


Triglyceride (TG) storage lipid accumulates in microalgae during exposure to stresses which inhibit algal cell cycles. Such inhibition is typically induced by nutrient limitations such as depletion of nitrogen for green algae and silicate for diatoms. No direct mechanism has been described for low nutrient-induced lipid accumulation. It is proposed that TG accumulation in microalgae could be based on a synthesis/utilization pattern which is constitutive within the cell division cycle, as opposed to a specifically-induced synthesis of TG. Triglyceride accumulation occurs when a lag is induced in the cell cycle such that TG synthesis exceeds utilization. Historically, total lipids have been quantified and the cycling of TG independent of other lipid fractions has often been overlooked. Recognizing the limitations of earlier researchers, trends in TG levels were examined using the neutral lipid (NL) specific fluorochrome, Nile Red, throughout complete cell cycles of synchronized cultures of Chlorella CHLORl under conditions of alkaline stress, nitrogen deprivation, and with monofluoroacetate (MFA) an inhibitor of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Alkaline pH stress, nitrate deprivation and TCA inhibition affects lipid accumulation by inhibiting the cell division cycle prior to TG utilization. Low levels of calcium were not found to have any noticeable effects on TG synthesis. An accumulation of 2.5 to 5.5 times the initial NL level per cell resulted after 25 hours of culturing under alkaline conditions. Nitrogen deprivation yielded increases of 1.4 and 2.5 times the initial NL level after 36 hours and 14 days, respectively. In less than 30 hours, inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) with MFA resulted in NL levels of 1.4 to 3.8 times the initial NL level per cell. Radiolabeled acetate is assimilated at a constant rate into the neutral lipid fraction. Cultures with growth inhibited by MFA assimilated more radiolabel into neutral lipids and less radiolabel into the glycoand polar lipid fractions than in control cultures. TRIGLYCERIDE ACCUMULATION AND THE CELL CYCLE IN CHT.QRET.TA


Blood pressure never settles into a regular pattern; it will often fluctuate marginally throughout life. When it begins to rise to dangerous levels, it should be treated. According to CDC reports, over 75 million Americans have high blood pressure but only 54% of these (including senior adults) have it under control. However, there has been an increase in those over the age of 60 that are aware of their condition since 1999. Many health conditions are associated with high blood pressure, including heart disease and stroke [2].


Purpose

This paper aims to focus on the HR issues that seller organizations face during the pre-deal stage of mergers and acquisitions (M&A). It recommends the HR strategies that strategies that seller-side organizations need to adopt to improve their chances of successful M&A.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper explores the HR-related issues faced by seller-side organizations. It highlights the key dilemmas and challenges involved at this stage of M&A deals. It recommends the HR strategies that seller companies can follow during the pre-deal stage of an M&A deal.

Findings

What the seller's HR leaders do (and do not do) during the run up to an M&A deal can significantly affect the success of the post-deal integration and future success of the combined firm. During the pre-deal phase of an M&A journey, HR leaders face a range of dilemmas. They have to decide whether to maintain business as usual or change their HR strategy, decide when to hide information and when (and what) to communicate internally and also have to prepare the seller organization for an HR audit by the buyer firm.

Practical implications

HR leaders in seller organizations need to continue to increase the value of the organization by continually aligning the HR strategy to the organization's overall corporate and business strategy. During the early stages of the deal, they have to camouflage certain confidential details. When the deal is at an advanced stage, HR leaders have to communicate extensively with employees about the deal. They need to ensure that the organization is prepared for an HR audit by prospective buyers. However, they also have to ensure that the reasons for the seller organization's success are not revealed fully and prematurely.

Social implications

It concedes that during an M&A deal, the HR leaders of a seller organization need to balance the interests of multiple stakeholders. These include the firm's owners, top managers, employees and key customers. Those who are unable to do this effectively and consistently may end up harming the interest of the seller organization during an M&A deal.

Originality/value

The paper considers the highly dynamic e-commerce industry in India. It is a sector that is seeing rapid growth. Many new players are entering the market and the battle is for size and scale. In such a scenario, companies such as Flipkart are using the M&A route to scale up inorganically. Recently, Flipkart acquired Myntra, a strong player in the online retailing of fashion garments. The paper provides insights in to the challenges faced by the seller organization's HR managers during the pre-deal stage of M&A transactions and recommends strategies that they should follow.


The literature corroborates that certain individuals can integrate or adjust to a positive and normative form in the societies in which they live, despite highly adverse experiences occurred at an early age potentiate a significantly different route. This study, of a qualitative character, has as a main purpose to analyze and characterize the way of life of adults who experienced early forms of victimization in the family context, trying to identify the factors that contributed to their psychosocial adjustment. To do this, we used a semi-structured interview, designed to that end, which was administered to 10 participants aged between 19 and 41 years (M = 26.1, SD = 8) selected from privileged informants that identified them as being resilient. The content of the interviews was analyzed through grounded analysis. The results showed that participants during the course of the victimization process developed similar behavioral characteristics (e.g., isolation, low self-esteem, anger, aggression), identifying the withdrawal of family environment as promoter element change occurred on their route and self-concept. Similarly, they identified the existence of dreams, life goals and the presence of significant others (e.g., siblings, partners, friends) as determinants in shaping their resilient route. Withdrawal from family background child was identified by participants as a relevant intervention measure in child protection and subsequent psychosocial adjustment. The results of this study shows the need to attend to the protective factors, promoting them in the intervention with children at risk.


We compute the turbulent wake of a sphere in thermally stratified water at Reynolds and internal Froude numbers Re = 104 and F = 25. To compute the far wake without using ad hoc initial conditions, we first provide a space development study and then focus on a part of the wake to carry on a temporal computation. The study is based on using a high-order multi-domain spectral solver and the LES (Large-Eddy Simulation) capability is implemented through a SVV (Spectral Vanishing Viscosity) technique (SVV-LES approach). The numerical results conform with the experiments, especially showing the expected development of the wake and the so-called three-Dimensional, Non-Equilibrium and Quasi two-Dimensional regimes.


For robots with flexible joints, the joint torque dynamics makes it difficult to control. An effective solution is to carry out a joint torque controller with fast enough dynamic response. This article is dedicated to design such a torque controller based on sliding mode technique. Three joint torque control approaches are proposed: (1) The proportional-derivative (PD)-type controller has some degree of robustness by properly selecting the control gains. (2) The direct sliding mode control approach which fully utilizes the physical properties of electric motors. (3) The sliding mode estimator approach was proposed to compensate the parameter uncertainties and the external disturbances of the joint torque system. These three joint torque controllers are tested and verified by the simulation studies with different reference torque trajectories and under different joint stiffness.


The subdiscipline of ocean optics is an exciting and equally challenging field, as the scattering and absorption agents in the water, and the water itself, severely limit the range of optical reach when compared to in-air systems. A typical range reduction factor of 1000:1 is often used as a crude estimation of optical range in water. Extending beyond this range often requires dedicated design and postprocessing systems. The same can be said of the preservation of spatial resolution under these conditions.


In 2000, Rebecca Gomperts founded the organization Women on Waves with the goal of providing legal abortions at sea for women in countries with strict abortion legislation. This case discusses the first mission of Women on Waves to Ireland in 2001, including the goals, obstacles, and successes of the organization. Along the way, the organization faced complications that hindered its ability to fulfill its goals of direct activism and providing abortion services aboard the ship. The organization was forced to reevaluate its mission and develop new strategies to keep its pilot mission alive. After being restricted from performing abortions, Gomperts and Women on Waves members were forced to assess whether or not they had enough momentum to create social change pertaining to women's rights in Ireland.


Chapter 1 gives Biographical background and studies the historical context(s) of Gregory of Nyssa and his close family members, situating them as aristocratic and long-established Christian leaders of the Cappadocian area. It offers along with the course of Gregory's Vita a general outline of the main philosophical and religious controversies of his era, particularly his ecclesiastical involvement in the Neo-Nicene apologetical movement associated with the leadership of his brother Basil (of Caesarea), which he himself inherited in Cappadocia, with imperial approval, after 380. It concludes with a review of Gregory's significance as author: in terms of his style as a writer, his work as an exegete, his body of spiritual teaching, and lastly, the manner in which his reputation waxed and waned from antiquity to the present.


The aim of this paper is to highlight and discuss a recent paradigm shift in economics which mainly arose after the 2007 global financial crisis. This shift is particularly based on a re-thinking of two neoclassical views: on a micro-level the rationality of human beings and on a macro-level the accuracy of market prices. It also fundamentally affects the macro-level question of finding a balance between the state and market. Given the paradigm shift in economics, the paper concludes with suggestions on how to reform it.


ROM a primordial state in which individuals sustained their existence through direct interaction F with the natural environment, a long evolution has led to our complex technological society. Throughout this evolution, the nature and magnitude of the factors threatening the well-being of mankind have been constantly changing. In concert, the societal mechanisms needed to control environmental risks have also been changing. (') The development of responsive regulatory policy thus requires a clear perception of the nature of these changing risks. (') Expressions of concern with perceived environmental hazards have been appearing with increasing frequency in media reports and public opinion polls alike. All bear witness to a preoccupation with technological change and its potential for adverse consequences. In some cases, sensational reports have seemed to undermine the credibility of government programs to manage environmental health risks. To resolve the resultant anxiety, government is being asked for more information on risks, and broader public consultation in selecting appropriate courses of action. Obviously, the role of government in the control of environmental hazards is not an easy one. While it is clear that elected officials must serve in the best interests of the populace, this does not mean that complete elimination of environmental hazards is the optimum course to chart. A cursory examination of commonly encountered lifestyles in our society readily reveals that we do not and cannot live in a risk-free environment.(3) Since nearly all risks encountered in life carry with them tangible benefits, it would appear appropriate that government evaluate these benefits in the light of the perceived risks in order to develop viable options for the rational management of environmental hazards.(4) Thus, any risky activity will ultimately be judged acceptable or unacceptable, or necessary or unnecessary, only after a careful evaluation of the social and economic benefits it provides.(S) Environmental risk assessment may be conveniently described in terms of four components, ( 6 ) Initially, risk idenfijkation leads to the recognition that undesirable consequences may result from certain activities. Once a risky activity has been identified, risk estimation techniques may in principle be used to determine the probability with which adverse events might occur. Such activities may then be evaluated in terms of their significance and acceptability, taking into account the nature and severity of undesirable consequences as well as any associated benefits. Finally, suitable strategies for the management of risks may be developed in order to control such risks to the extent desirable or feasible.


Fuels used for diesel engines besides their main function of energy supply act as a lubricant. In this context the most important task is lubrication of precision pairs injection equipment. In this paper lubricating properties of rapeseed oil esters and camelina esters have been compared. Dependency of the electrical resistance and friction coefficient of the lubrication surface using different types of fuel was analyzed. It was stated, that the highest electrical resistance occurs when lubrication is done with diesel fuel, whereas the friction coefficient is the lowest and it occurs at lubrication with camellia esters.


Lisa Zurk's numerous contributions to passive sonar signal processing include motion compensation and regularizing sample covariance matrices (SCM) in snapshot deficient environments. While working at MIT Lincoln Labs, Lisa and colleagues compared the performance of several motion compensation methods including mode-based rank reduction and target motion compensation, or focusing, on the Santa Barbara Channel Experiment dataset [Zurk, Lee & Ward, JASA, 2003]. Later at Portland State, Jorge Quijano and Lisa developed methods for regularizing the SCM through Toeplitz averaging, followed by maximum entropy extrapolation of the SCM to additional lags, [Quijano & Zurk, JASA, 2017]. Toeplitz regularization found significant application in developing "augmented covariance matrices" for DOA estimators on sparse arrays. This talk reviews some of Lisa's contributions to adaptive beamforming and highlights how some of her contributions inspired research in the UMass Dartmouth Signal Processing Group. [Work supported by ONR Code 321US.]


A model of redundant systems of multiple mobile robots is developed. This model permits the analysis of the overall system reliability and fault-tolerance capability. Static and dynamic redundancy in a multiple robot system applied to box pushing tasks are defined, and examples of redundant geometric configurations are presented. The model and definition facilitate the analysis of different controller configurations in the presence of faults in individual robots, with the goal being the design of controllers which take advantage of the potential reliability increase provided by groups of mobile robots over single robots.


clinically because they represent a spectrum of different lesions, ranging from benign to malignant. At times, the final diagnosis is made only at surgery. We report a final diagnosis of a pancreatic cystic lymphangioma, made using endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUSFNA) in a young girl, with cytological examination and measurement of the level of triglycerides in the intracystic fluid. A 6-year-old girl showed evidence of a pancreatic head cystic lesion on transabdominal ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed amultilobular cystic lesion, with an inverted C shape, around the splenomesenteric confluence (●" Fig. 1). The MRI also showed a small, irregular area, which was suspected of being a solid component within the lesion. Endosonography with linear array showed a micromacrocystic lesion, 4 cm in diameter, in the pancreatic head and uncinate process (●" Figs. 2, 3). No solid mass was seen. EUS-FNA with a 22 G needle was carried out to evacuate the lesion. The intracystic fluid appeared milky and viscous (●" Fig. 4). Intracystic fluid analysis showed amylase/ lipase 200/1720 U/L, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 0.2 ng/mL, and triglycerides 10570mg/dL. Cytology showed normal lymphocytes. The final diagnosis was pancreatic cystic lymphangioma. Abdominal ultrasound confirmed the presence of an unchanged lesion at 1 year follow-up and the patient remains asymptomatic. Cystic lymphangioma of the pancreas is an extremely rare, benign tumor of lymphatic origin [1,2]. Possible locations are in the retroperitoneum, within or outside the pancreas [3]. Histologically, it appears as a polycystic lesion, with the cysts separated by thin septa, and lined with endothelial cells. It can be difficult to distinguish this lesion from other pancreatic cystic lesions. A final diagnosis is often achievable only by histopathological examination of the resected lesion [1–3]. In cases of pancreatic cystic lymphangioma, EUS-FNA with cytological examination and measurement of the level of triglycerides in the intracystic fluid can provide a safe and accurate diagnosis [4,5]. Pancreatic cystic lymphangioma in a 6-year-old girl, diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) fine needle aspiration


EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Audiovisual Aids; Class Size; *Educational Environment; *English (Second Language); Foreign Countries; Higher Education; *Language Proficiency; Language Teachers; Learning Theories; Secondary Education; Second Language Learning; Second Language Programs; Student Motivation; Teacher Education; *Teacher Student Relationship; *Teaching Methods; Testing IDENTIFIERS *Poland


This paper proposes the detection and recovery methods of the blocked ports defect for the reliable Ethernet Ring Protection Switching. These methods provide speedy and accurate detection of the blocked ports defect while switching the blocked ports by the failure or recovery in the ring for a reliable network.


A pilot screening program in occupational health nursing was provided by senior baccalaureate nursing students as an integral part of their community health nursing experience. It was felt that this endeavor would provide a unique opportunity for the students to synthesize knowledge gained from previous nursing courses and concurrent learning in community health nursing. It was also felt that this project would help students to not only attain the objecRuth H. Benedict, RN, MSN, Assistant Professor. East Carolina University. School of Nursing. Greenville. North Carolina.


These include: References http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/13/4/237#BIBL This article cites 13 articles, 6 of which can be accessed free at: Rapid responses http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/cgi/eletter-submit/13/4/237 You can respond to this article at: service Email alerting the top right corner of the article Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at


Objective To research the effect of stress relaxation of elbow joint ulnar nerve on fluorosis,supply bioviscoelastic mechanics parameter with clinic.Methods We proceed stress relaxation experiment on elbow joint ulnar nerve of animal model with reproducing fluorosis animal model.Results We got out the data and curve of stress relaxation on elbow joint ulnar nerve between control group and experimental group.Conclusions The stress relaxation of elbow joint ulnar nerve with experimental group is prominence less than control group,fluorosis of animal stress relaxation characteristics of the ulnar nerve have a certain influence.


A nanoporous Pt particles-modified Ti (nanoPt/Ti) electrode was prepared through a simple hydrothermal method using aqueous H2PtCl6 as a precursor and formaldehyde as a reduction agent. The nanoPt/Ti electrode was then modified with limited amounts of tin particles generated by cyclic potential scans in the range of −0.20 to 0.50 V in a 0.01 mol·L−1 SnCl2 solution, to synthesize a Sn-modified nanoporous Pt catalyst (Sn/nanoPt/Ti). Electroactivity of the nanoPt/Ti and Sn/nanoPt/Ti electrodes towards formaldehyde oxidation in a 0.5 mol·L−1 H2SO4 solution was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Electrooxidation of formaldehyde on the nanoPt/Ti electrode takes place at a potential of 0.45 V and then presents high anodic current densities due to the large real surface area of the nanoPt/Ti electrode. The formaldehyde oxidation rate is dramatically increased on the Sn/nanoPt/Ti electrode at the most negative potentials, where anodic formaldehyde oxidation is completely suppressed on the nanoPt/Ti electrode. Chronoamperogramms (CA) of the Sn/nanoPt/Ti electrode display stable and large quasi-steady state current densities at more negative potential steps. Amperometric data obtained at a potential step of 100 mV show a linear dependence of the current density for formaldehyde oxidation upon formaldehyde concentration in the range of 0.003 to 0.1 mol·L−1 with a sensitivity of 59.29 mA·cm−2 (mol·L−1)−1. A detection limit of 0.506 mmol·L−1 formaldehyde was found. The superior electroactivity of the Sn/nanoPt/Ti electrode for formaldehyde oxidation can be illustrated by a so-called bifunctional mechanism which is involved in the oxidation of poisoning adsorbed CO species via the surface reaction with OH adsorbed on neighboring Sn sites.


"Abstract: Where shame plays a central role, as it does in eating disorders, Kaufinan (1 989) beIieves that 'accepted theories and methods of treatment have largely failed'. In this paper I argue that it is likely that the bulimic client has experienced insuficient support in the field for important needs, and consequently, has experienced a significant rupture in the intersubjective field. Bulimic behaviour is their creative adjustment to their current environment, the client's way of managing 'unacceptable' feelings and needs. I conclude that it is essential that the therapist understands the dynamics of shame and knows how to work with the client's shame response in a way that enables the buhic client to meal the hidden (messy) part of herseifl. In this paper I offer an overview of the cmt thinking on shame hm a Gestalt perspective and relate this to the cIinical practice of working with bulimic clients, dmwhg on real case material to illustrate the implications for clinical practice. Key wad: shame, Bulimia Nervosa, eating disorders, intex~ubjectivity~ sense of self, co-created field."


Abstract. Royal Decree Law 6/2019 of March 1, on urgent measures to guarantee equal treatment and opportunities between women and men in employment and occupation, has amended, among others, Organic Law 3/2007, of 22 March, for the effective equality of women and men. Among other issues of great interest, Chapter III dedicated to corporate equality plans and other measures to promote equality has been modified. Within the regulation of such instruments for business management of equal opportunities between genders, we want to highligh the changes that have affected the preparation of the diagnoses prior to the implementation of equality plans. These changes were already being called for by the doctrine and could be seen in other rules of public origin aimed at promoting the development of equality plans. For example, the recommendation on the diagnosis elaboration is followed up in a negotiated manner with the employees' representatives. In addition, the content of the report is developed by listing the subjects to be dealt in a list open. Indeed can be treated other matters in order to analysing the specific situation in the enterprise for the development of an effective equality plan.


This paper studies and develops a new method for the model processing of ULSs (uncertain linear systems) called the SSGS (scaling and squaring geometric series) method. The SSGS method enhances the flexibility in modeling and control of a composite system. Moreover, the commonly used bilinear approximation mode is a specific case of the SSGS mode. Also, an application example has been illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the SSGS.


This study examined the levels of risk perception of food risk elements by adopting a psychometric paradigm and analyzed factors affecting concerns about food risk elements to obtain basic materials for food safety policy. The data were collected from 296 housewives in Daegu, Korea, by a self-administered questionnaire. Frequency distributions, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach's α, and multiple regression analyses were conducted by SPSS 21.0. The mean level of concern for food safety was 3.75/5.00 points, and the mean percentage of correct answers about heavy metal contamination was highest among food risk elements. The respondents perceived radioactive contaminated foods, GM foods, and endocrine disruptors as a new, delayed, scientifically unknown, involuntary, serious, and uncontrollable risk in risk perception. According to the result of factor analysis for risk perception, two factors such as non-controllability and dread were categorized. In the risk perception map, radioactive contaminated foods and GM foods were considered as an uncontrollable and dreaded risk, heavy metal contamination, endocrine disruptors, and pesticide residues as a controllable and dreaded risk, and foodborne illness and food additives as a controllable and less dreaded risk. On the other hand, the levels of concerns about food risk elements were higher in order of radioactive contaminated foods, GM foods, and endocrine disruptors. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that age, concern for food safety, percentage of correct answers about food risk elements, non-controllability, and dread influenced the concerns about food risk elements. These results imply that food safety policies should consider differences in consumer"s risk perception of food risk elements.


The hair growth enhancing property of a herbal oil (Keshraksha oil) and herbal hair vitalizing cream (Keshraksha cream) was studied. The total hair count assay in the guinea pig model revealed that both the oil and the cream has a definite role in increasing the hair growth. To confirm the possible mechanism of action of the formulations on the hair growth, northern blotting was performed using the Shh gene. An increased m RNA synthesis was recorded in the dermal papillae cells of the hair of the animal treated either with oil or cream but not in the control. The present study suggests that the oil and cream treatment enhances protein synthesis in the matrix cells, thereby increasing the anagen phase of the hair.


We studied the melting and crystallization behaviors of 1-isopropyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([i-C 3 mim]Br) using a laboratory-made differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) with nanowatt stability and sensitivity. In addition to common behaviors for many ionic liquids such as premelting over a wide temperature range and excessive supercooling, we observed unique thermal phenomena: reversible phase transitions of domains in the premelting region, rhythmic crystallization and melting, and intermittent crystallization. The latter two phenomena were observed in the returning experiments from the premelting region at a cooling rate as slow as 0.05 mK s -1 . It is considered that these phenomena occurred because an [i-C 3 mim] + ion is capable of taking plural stable conformations and the conformational changes occurred linking with melting and crystallization. We interpret these curious phenomena as the phase changes of the locally melted domains composed of different conformers, which significantly hindered the overall phase changes.


Studies with nine genotypes of Indian mustard revealed that plots protected with mancozeb showed average number of leaf spots/10 cm2 (3.78), size of leaf spots (6.89 mm), number of conidia/leaf spot (1.46 x 103), disease index on leaves (39.7%) and leaf defoliation (39.9%). While, unprotected plots exhibited number of spots (4.66), size of spots (7.90 mm), number of conidia (2.09 x 103), disease index (56.1%) and leaf defoliation (50.9%). Similarly, protected plots showed number of spots/pod (19.60), size of pod spot (2.45 mm), number of conidia/pod spot (0.34 x 103), disease index on pods (36.6%), and yield (12.14 q/ha) while, in unprotected plots, number of spots (23.60), size of spots (2.94 mm), number of conidia (0.44 x 103), disease index (47.8%) and yield (10.53 q/ha) were recorded. Moreover, genotypes PR 8988, PR 9024 and Kranti exhibited less number of spots, reduced spot size, least number of conidia, low disease index and low defoliation in both protected and unprotected conditions than others.


This article uses the case of burley tobacco liberalization in Malawi to investigate the efficacy of cash crop liberalization as an instrument for poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. The principal justification for cash crop liberalization is that markets allow farm households to increase their incomes by producing that which provides the highest return to their productive resources and use the cash to buy consumption goods. Using a latent welfare model, we find that households that selected to grow cash crops had higher incomes than those that did not grow cash crops. However, we also find that due to the lumpiness and seasonality of cash crop incomes, higher household incomes, while increasing food purchases did not significantly affect per capita food intake. Irrespective of participation in cash crops, for much of the cropping season rural households seem to rely more on nonfarm income for expenditure and consumption smoothing.


A fast gelling process to synthesize kalsilite powder was performed by dropping aqua ammonia into the TEOS-KNO-3- Al(NO-3)-3 -EtOH-H-2O system, which resulted in the formation of a gel in 5~12 minutes. Compared with the traditional sol-gel method, the gelation time is greatly shortened. The optimum gelling conditions are as follows: molar ratio of H-2O to TEOS 25, molar ratio of EtOH to TEOS 4 and pH value about 9. Kalsilite powder is produced by treating the dried gel under 862℃ for 3 hours. The synthesized kalsilite particle is nearly 50 nm, and most of the secondary particles 5~20 μm. The specific surface area of synthesized kalsilite is 26.3 m~2/g with an average intergranular pore size around 11.2 nm. The synthesized kalsilite powder is mesoporous with a bimodal pore distribution. Pure and homogeneous, stable in high temperature and with high potassium content and a bimodal pore distribution, the synthesized kalsilite powder can serve well as an efficient catalyst aid with relatively high application value.


A 45-year-old woman underwent an electrophysiology procedure because of a 20-year history of recunent episodes of paroxysmal tachycardia. The baseline sinus cycle length, atrial-His. and His-ventricular intervals were 700, 60, and 45 msec, respectively, and the QRS duration was 80 msec. Ventricular pacing at a cycle length of 300 msec induced a tachycardia that had a cycle length of 320 msec and a QRS duration of 120 msec, with a right bundle branch block configuration (Fig. 1). The tachycardia was terminated by ventricular pacing at cycle lengths shorter than 290 msec. Atrial pacing at a cycle length of 320 msec was performed in the setting of sinus rhythm (Fig. 2). What is the mechanism of this tachycardia?


Abstract: Model 4Khas benefits which can help us to identify and differentiate it. Not only has it got advantages which can develop child' brain, but also it helps to adapt a child to the kindergarten and school. Child development theories fоcus on explaining how children change and grow over the course of childhood. Such theories center on various aspects of development including social, emotional, and cognitive growth. We help people find answers, solve problems and get inspired. Parents often focus on what are known as developmental milestones, which represent abilities that most children tend to display by a certain point in development. These typically focus on one of four different areas: physical, cognitive, social / emotional, and communication. Keywords: adaptation, nursery, kindergarten, child, teaching, training, modern, level, goal, communication.


There are different types of supports used to carry MIP materials, mostly of these made of gold, favourably assembled on a Screen Printed Electrode (SPE) strategy. For this work a new kind of support for the sensing layer was developed: conductive paper. This support was made by modifying first cellulose paper with paraffin wax (to make it waterproof), and casting a carbon-ink on it afterwards, to turn it conductive.


Abstract : The photomagnetoelectric effect in germanium can be used for building sensitive, fast response photodetectors if the following two conditions are fulfilled: (a) semiconductor slabs are made very thin and, (b) the front surface recombination velocity is mad low. A germanium device, e.g., in which the sample is placed between the poles of a small permanent magnet, produces output voltages of 200 mv with response times of below 10-7 seconds at high light intensities. The thin Ge wafers used in this device were obtained by controlled photoetching of single crystals to a thickness down to 6 microns whereby the current leads for the etching are arranged in such a way that they serve later as PME leads. Preliminary tests with PME cells reproduced the fine structure of ruby laser signals with a similar resolution as photomultiplier tubes. The ultimate limit of the response time is believed to be in the nanosecond range, making it possible to use the detector as demodulater in high volume optical communication systems.


In this paper, the calculation of blasting numerical simulation is processed at various charge (amount) grade of linear charges in rock by using the LS - DYNA non - liner finite element program. Displacement - time curve and process of the space formation by blasting are obtained. In addition, the linear relationship between k and ra/r0 is obtained and the ability of compaction by blasting of linear charges is greater than that of group charges by analysis and comparison of the result of space radius caused by blasting.


There are many trace components in Chinese liquor.These trace components have great effects on the quality of liquor,which were analyzed by capillary pillar gas chromatography in this paper.The trace components in liquor such as fusel oil,aldehyde,ester,etc.were determined by using internal standard method and the determination conditions were further optimized.The result showed that these trace components in liquor sample could be completely separated by temperature programming method,using SE-30 as capillary column,isoamyl acetate as internal standard and FID detector.


Abstract A two-stage model has been developed to describe the penetration of liquid into a submerged porous particle. In the first stage liquid flow is driven by capillary pressure and resisted by viscous losses and the pressure of the air trapped inside the pores. This initial flow ceases when the trapped air pressure equals the capillary pressure. In the second stage the pressurized air slowly dissolves and diffuses through the pore liquid into the bulk fluid; this continues until all the air has dissolved. Novel but simple experiments were performed to measure directly the time required for liquid to soak into porous iron ore particles. The trends of the measured penetration times supported the predictions of the model. Quantitatively, however, the model under-predicted the penetration times. This is probably due to the heterogeneous nature of the pore networks in the iron ore particles, which are poorly described by a single, average pore diameter. The results show that the time taken for iron ore particles to saturate with liquid can be of the order of hours—much longer than the typical residence time during drum granulation in sinter plants. This provides a plausible explanation of why some pre-wetted ores require a higher total mixture moisture content to agglomerate satisfactorily than partially dried ores.


Wireless sensor networks consist of large number of low power devices equipped with RF links for communication that have several military, civil and environmental monitoring applications. The energy constraints due to limited battery power present numerous design challenges. In this paper we propose an energy efficient, cluster based framework for collaboration among nodes in a region for reducing the redundancy in reporting events. Collaboration is done among the exposed nodes using a localized and deterministic schedule based on TDMA/FDMA MAC. A novel, three phase collaboration scheme is presented to exchange messages for determining the local maximum of the confidence measure in the two hop cluster neighborhood of the event. This local maximum generates the response for the event, thereby reducing the redundant reporting of the event. Through extensive simulations we have shown that there is a significant reduction in the overall network traffic thereby, saving energy at the nodes responsible for originating response traffic and also at nodes, which handle the route-through traffic.


Nanoscale semiconductors known as quantum dots (QDs) are essential for drug testing because they bridge the gap between nanotechnology and the testing of drugs. QDs are a valuable tool in theranostics and treatment because of their unique physicochemical features. Due to their photoluminescence and electronic properties, including broad and continuous absorption spectra, narrow emission spectra from visible to near-infrared wavelengths, and long-lasting and high brightness, they are suitable probe materials for use in (bio)sensing (immunological) platforms. Several studies use QDs due to their optical, magnetic, electrical, photochemical, and biological features that allow them to be employed in various scientific domains. When utilized in drug delivery systems, fluorescent markers, such as QDs, can track the metabolism of drugs in the human body. Many medicinal applications, such as disease diagnosis and medication research, can benefit from these fluorescent tests. In this review article, the application of QD in drug delivery and immunoassay sensing has been described in detail.


For the past couple of years, the voice assistant has been the most successful software agent which can assist an individual through a voice. To accommodate new demands and applications, there is a need to developed a speech-based assistant which helps farmers to sell their products. However, this project intends to provide users a platform to market their products and also allows them even to bargain with the other users. Since, language barrier a problem in India, English is not widely spoken among farmers where this project aims to deliver them in their local language. The other main purpose of this speech-based assistant is to provide an advantage for the farmers and the consumers to buy or sell their agriculture products without any third-party involvement. This helps in improving contacts with others. Hence it provides privilege to the farmer for pricing and selling of the product. Through this, it can make sure farmers are well reached out.


The book Ecotourism by Page and Dowling adds to the growing literature on this subject, which has emerged as a major sub-field within tourism during the past ten years. In the first chapter, the authors set the tone by indicating how they perceive ecotourism to fit within the broader tourism framework. Ecotourism is described here as a form of 'alternative tourism', even though later descriptions of ecotourism in subsequent case study sites indicate activity at a scale which suggests something closer to mass tourism. The authors do not make it clear as to why ecotourism cannot also be a form of mass tourism even though some very innovative sustainability practices are evident in heavily visited areas such as Yosemite and Grand Canyon national parks in the USA. The second chapter traces the evolution of environmental thought as it pertains to tourism, and here the authors declare their support for an 'ecocentric' approach towards the management and study of ecotourism. Chapter 3 examines the 'concepts, definitions and issues' associated with ecotourism. In doing so, some of the themes (e.g. definitions) outlined in earlier chapters are repeated, creating some organisational confusion in the structuring of the book. The subsequent chapter, on ecotourist markets, is characteristically thorough, but appears detached from the content of the previous chapter. Here and elsewhere, cross-references with related material elsewhere in the text would be helpful to foster the synthesis that the book purports to provide. The fifth chapter examines the ecotourism industry and considers 'origin' components (e.g. travel agencies) as well as 'source' components (e.g. accommodation). The latter includes attractions, but this does not include a formal discussion on protected areas such as national parks, which accommodate most ecotourism activity. Surprisingly, 'coalface' tour guides are also omitted in this chapter, although aspects of this are covered later in Chapter 8. The economic impacts of ecotourism are well covered in Chapter 6, but the coverage of environmental impacts is uncharacteristically sparse, being limited to evidence from a case study in Borneo. This is rationalised on the grounds that the existing studies related to wildlife viewing are ad hoc. However, scientific studies in fact show a consistent pattern of negative impacts that can arise from even benign contact with wildlife in some settings (e.g. Burger & Gochfeld, 1993; Duchesne et al., 2000; Fowler, 1999; Jacobson & Lopez, 1994; Lott & McCoy, 1995). This is an extremely important trend that requires more attention in the ecotourism literature, since this points to the possibility of widespread incompatibility between the core ecotourism criteria of nature-based attractions and the imperative of environmental sustainability. Ecotourism planning is the topic of the seventh chapter, which justifiably relies on more generic tourism and outdoor recreation planning concepts. Again, its effectiveness is impaired by the lack of linkage with the important concepts and examples covered in previous chapters (e.g. the Danube delta case study in


Are we Muslims and equal citizens of Pakistan? That is what Pakistani Shia identity has come down to. This question of their faith (or nonfaith) has led to a number of sectarian attacks on Shia mosques or busses loaded with pilgrims, with the state taking little or no notice of it. Adding to that, Pakistan's current religio-political landscape is rife with intolerance aimed at increasing power at the cost of minority persecution. Things weren't that bad at the time of inception of Pakistan. Jinnah, Pakistan's founder, was an Ismailia Shia himself, whereas one of his cabinet ministers belonged to the Ahmadi faith - another at-risk minority community targeted by the militant organizations. Jinnah once tipped Pakistan to be a "laboratory of Islam". This prophecy was taken quite literally by the militant outfits, whose experiments have precipitated a Sunni-dominated narrative in the country. Pakistan is in the midst of coming out of a deadly 13 year terror streak, with a successful operation against the militant factions in the FATA region. Yet, many Pakistani security experts underrate the importance or significance of countering the sectarian violence in the country that has haunted Pakistan for many decades now.


The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) depends upon several highly available large and complex computer systems to support air traffic control operations. One of the FAA's major initiatives, the Ada based En-Route Automation Modernization (ERAM) program leverages and significantly expands upon previous developed systems. To determine the effectiveness of the string test implementation before full system level testing, the FAA performed an audit of the software requirements that were verified by string tests.
 An industry standard approach was used to determine the number of Shalls to be inspected. Detailed evaluation using multiple software documents and test plans were compared to the string test results provided by the development contractor.
 This paper presents details of the audit, its results and reconciliation of the data with the development contractor.
 The approach to have selected software Shalls verified through the string test method versus full system test resulted in a cost savings of 50% of the cost of the selected software Shalls' full system test, by avoiding duplication of testing efforts.
 The resulting high pass rate of the audit gave confidence in the development contractor's string test results and also demonstrated a high confidence level in the code, thus confirming the high quality of the Ada code effort.


Triple DC-DC converters appear as a development of the double (quadratic) converters. Compared to double DC- DC converters, triple ones make it possible to use much higher switching frequencies for the same minimum switch- conduction time. DC outputlinput, AC input-to-output and AC control-to- output small-signal transfer functions of the triple-buck (or double-buck+forward) converter have been deduced and plotted against load current and frequency, in the operating mode with continuous currents in all inductors, for different values of the circuit components and parameters, taking into account circuit losses. Triple DC-DC converters have large transfer function phase shifts, but, with properly staggered resonant frequencies of the three LC cells and using additional AC feedback loops, stable SMPS may still be constructed from them, without drastically limiting error amplifier bandwidth.


Based on raw material conditions of blast furnaces at Handan Steel,metallurgical properties of different iron-bearing materials with different burden design were investigated through experiments of reducibility,degradation index during low temperature reduction and melting dropping index.Optimized burden design was then obtained,which provided a solid theoretical foundation for blast furnace production.


A novel Y-type poly[iminocarbonyloxyethyl-5-methyl-4-{2-thiazolylazo-4-(1,2,2-tricyanovinyl)}resorcinoxyethyloxycarbonylimino-(3,3′-dimethoxy-4,4′-biphenylene)] 4 containing 5-methyl-4-{5-(1,2,2-tricyanovinyl)-2-thiazolylazo}resorcinoxy groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which constitute part of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyurethane 4 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. It showed a thermal stability up to 250 °C in thermogravimetric analysis thermogram and the glass-transition temperature (Tg) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry thermogram was around 118 °C. The second harmonic generation coefficient (d33) of poled polymer films at 1560 nm fundamental wavelength was around 8.43 × 10−9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibited a thermal stability even at 12 °C higher than Tg, and there was no SHG decay below 130 °C due to the partial main-chain character of the polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1166–1172, 2010


The practice of psychotherapy has had an active and early history within the U. S. Armed Forces, despite an apparent philosophical conflict between the value psychotherapy places on individual growth and development and the military's emphasis on institutional subservience. This article provides an orientation to the way that therapists enter and train within the military and the contextual influence of the military's war mission. Specific contextual issues also include those of rank and authority, the nature of different work assignments, and problems of limited confidentiality. With a proper awareness of these contextual concerns, military psychotherapists are in a potent position to alleviate human suffering.


In the Spring of 1957, when the detailed logical design of the NBS PmOT [1] was begun, the need arose for choosing a satisfactory set of names for the more than 15,000 internal signals generated throughout the machine. These signals, distributed from package to package via the back wiring, corresponded to the variables in the Boolean equations that define the logicM structure of the machine. Each such signal had to be provided with a distinctive name. Finding a satisfactory system for selecting these names was particularly important because automatic techniques were to be used for converting the logical design of PIL6T into fabrication plans and machine-maintenance manuals. The nomenclature system, therefore, had to be compatible with these automarie techniques; at the same time, the nomenclature system had to conform to the existing habits of the logical designers. Designers generally like to invent picturesque mnemonic names to help them remember the functions of the various signals; automatic techniques, on the other hand, demand more standardized nomenclature. A compromise system, in which pronounceable names were generated by a formula on a computer, was developed and has been used successfully at NBS for the past three years. Since the system is applicable both to other machine designs and to other applications, it is described here in enough detail to permit the full set of names to be generated either on other computers or for other purposes. Table 1 summarizes some of the principal characteristics of the system. No claim of linguistic refinement or completeness is made for the system. A list of 20,810 three-letter and four-letter code words generated from formulas somewhat similar to ours has been published by Luhn [2]. Luhn's words are self-demarcating but tended in many instances to be too unpronounceable for our purposes. I t seems probable that many additional pronounceable combinations could be added to our system without unduly complicating ~he generating formula.


The process of learning that occurs in an individual level, team / group and organization must be done effectively in order to improve the competition ability of the organization, the ability to face any changes in the organization's environment and the ability to integrate themselves with other organizations. Learning organization (organizational learning) is one of the characteristics of 21st century organizations, because such organizations are able to answer the challenges faced while ensuring the creation of life and survival of the organization. Organizations which have the advantage in the future will be the organizations that continue to foster the commitment and capacity to learn at all levels of the organization members. Experienced leader will be able to evaluate the situation, if necessary able to take command, yet flexible enough to loosen and remove it. This skill allows the various lines of action in a flexible but surely. Each organization will be a process of interaction and interplay between the continuous structure of formal and informal structures. Informal communication both within the organization can thrive if provided social space, so it can trigger creativity, take a load off your mind and drive the process of change. An understanding of the details of the head of the organization involved in social networks will increase the effectiveness of the role of individuals in the organization. Organizational capability to adapt to the dynamic environment and the capability to change and evolve will be determined by the agents of change within the organization. In this condition required the presence of a leader who has a vision far ahead, the leadership of which have a high sense of change, leaders are aware of his position amid a constantly changing environment.


Dynamic e ow separation and its control over a stationary dee ected surface are used to demonstrate the timescale disparity between the process of dynamic stall, which is dominated by the dynamic stall vortex (DSV), and the excitation-induced large coherent structures that effect its control. Appreciation of this disparity provided a framework for analyzing dynamic stall control on a NACA 0015 airfoil, where leading-edge excitation had effectively eliminated the DSV and signie cantly attenuated trailing-edge separation. Within this framework, a comparisonofstaticandairfoilphase-lockeddynamicpressuredataacquiredin thevicinity ofmaximum incidence (® o 25 deg) revealed that chordwise pressure distributions were independent of the airfoil pitching frequency and that the generation and advection of LCSs were not signie cantly affected by the dynamic airfoil pitching motion.Furthermore,disparitiesbetweenstaticanddynamicdatadiminishedastheexcitationfrequencyincreased relative to the airfoil pitching frequency. Oscillations of the aerodynamic coefe cients induced by the excitations were negligibly small but served to regulateairfoil cycle-to-cycle disparities typical of the baselinepoststall regime.


The aim of this study was to evaluate a practical method of repairing a typical defect of aircraft sandwich panels that were bonded with stepped metal skins and consisted of an open rectangular edge core. This structure caused delamination or disbond between the honeycomb core and the outer skin, and it was typically due to 'residual stresses'. A 'positive mark-off' was also found at the top of the inner skin at the bagging side along the stepped metal area. After a period of service time, the upper skin of the sandwich panel tended to totally delaminate, unlike the inner skin. The principle of the microcomposite concept is to use an additional thin microfabric of 'Cerec' embedded into the film adhesive, and this can be adopted practically to overcome permanent gap of the deformed structure. This applied method successfully eliminated possible 'mark-off' and 'print-off', and also reduced possible residual stresses that may initiate the delamination propagation, which will be stimulated by vibration during the service time. The success of the repair process was initiated by a sufficient metal surface preparation, a proper operational condition during the manufacturing process, and also an appropriate material selection of the surface layer to fill the gap distance over the repair area.


The inclusion of the three-nucleon forces (3NFs) in \textit{ab initio} many-body approaches is a formidable task, due to the computational load implied by the treatment of their matrix elements. For this reason, practical applications have mostly been limited to contributions where 3NFs enter as effective two-nucleon interactions. In this contribution, we derive the algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) working equations for a specific Feynman diagram of the self-energy that contains a fully irreducible three-nucleon force. This diagram is expected to be the most important among those previously neglected, because it connects dominant excited intermediate state configurations.


LiDAR based place recognition is popular for loop closure detection and re-localization. In recent years, deep learning brings improvements to place recognition by learnable feature extraction. However, these methods degenerate when the robot re-visits previous places with a large perspective difference. To address the challenge, we propose DeepRING to learn the roto-translation invariant representation from LiDAR scan, so that robot visiting the same place with a different perspective can have similar representations. There are two keys in DeepRING: the feature is extracted from sinogram, and the feature is aggregated by magnitude spectrum. The two steps keep the final representation with both discrimination and roto-translation invariance. Moreover, we state place recognition as a one-shot learning problem with each place being a class, leveraging relation learning to build representation similarity. Substantial experiments are carried out on public datasets, validating the effectiveness of each proposed component, and showing that DeepRING outperforms the comparative methods, especially in dataset level generalization.


It is necessary to look backward been used advantageously by a as well as forward in understanding significant number of states. It is the purpose of this Conference. The basic objective of the Conference is particularly designed for the mutual to facilitate interstate shipments of needs of voluntary participating milk, through mutual understandstates and communities. Such ing and confidence in s::mitarv remutual agreement should not and quirements. States are sove:l·eign need not be misaligned nor depowers. Each is constitutionally precated by non-participants. charged with a moral obligation to serve all its citizens in matters of The National C'Jonference on common good, more especially in Interstate Milk Shipments was conour case, public health. The moral ceived in response to a developing obligation connotes also the service need. In the meeting of the Conbe efficiently performed. This Conference of State and Territorial ference is a means of bringing deleHealth Officers in April 1943, it gated officials of the sovereign was requested that the Surgeon states together to discuss a specific General of the Public Health Sermutual problem. It is a voluntarv vice do what he might to facilitate Conference. It is designed to meet interstate shipments of milk. Subthe needs of those states where insequently, and in stages, and solely terstate shipments of milk is desired through mutual exploration of the and necessary. It is a Conference problem, this Conference came into whereby states can transfer milk being. The difficulty of interstate supplies by agreement. movements of milk, one of the This Conference alreadv has esnation's most important components tablished a working agre~rnent of of food supply, has been the subject methods facilitating interstate shipof discussion and study for many ments of milk. The agreement has years. There have been a number


Little has been published about the modelling of multibone joints such as the ankle and wrist compared to modelling studies of other joints such as the hip and knee. There are many challenges associated with the modelling of a multibone joint such as the wrist which can be credited for the lack of published papers. With increased computing power and improved software packages, the modelling of such multi bone joints has become more obtainable. The finite element method is a powerful tool to investigate the loading on such joints and can predict possible outcomes of surgical interventions. This paper describes the finite element modelling of the wrist joint and how the model can be used to predict in vivo loading.


In accordance with the thin-slab caster mould of Lanzhou IS Co., the effects of structure, immersion depth, outlet angle and shape on the fluid flow in mould by visualizing the fluid flow and measuring the wave amplitude and impetus under high speed casting have been studied. The results can provide theoretical foundation for choosing reasonable structure of SEN.


The title compound, C12H15ClN2O, is a piperazine derivative with the potential for use as a starting material for pharmaceutial and agrochemical applications. The structure is stabilized by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, C—H⋯π interactions and π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = is 4.760 (2) Å].


Neither in his specific analyses of the particular arts nor in his ontological inquiries into human existence does Martin Heidegger anywhere develop what might be called a "theory" of tragedy. To be sure, he quotes from tragedy, and in the case of his interpretation of the Chorus in Antigone, which we find in his Introduction to Metaphysics, he goes far to show us how to read the tragic passage. Yet on the meaning of tragedy as such, Heidegger is strangely silent. His thinking, however, both in terms of his existential ontology and of his works on the nature of the arts, is peculiarly well suited for examining tragedy as an art form, and even more, of throwing light on that mysterious paradox of tragedy why we thrill to the grim failures of great men. But it is not only that Heidegger can throw light on tragedy, but tragedy can throw light on our understanding of Heidegger's philosophy. For it is the peculiar characteristic of tragic genius to teach us how to see worth and hence meaning in noble existence without relying upon fortuitous circumstances or even moral excellence to prompt our approval. Just as Heidegger struggles to show us how to think about what it means to bel without reference to substances or even moral judgments, so do the


Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing a very significant and prominent role in product development as per consumer requirements. It can provide valuable tools and equipment and assist designers in their work. Homestay design is a service sector component with regional and cultural overtones. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the design and production of homestays through AI in order to raise the standards of homestay establishments and encourage the growth of rural tourism. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is used to search for factors mainly responsible for designing any homestay establishment based on geographical location and local culture. Then confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to confirm how the explored factors are related and affect the homestay design through the structural model. According to the survey findings, visitors are more interested in the floor plan, type, and essence of homestays. The research and analysis in this paper found that people prefer the room layout and style of homestays, so when designing a homestay, it uses three-dimensional modeling technology to simulate the room layout and homestay style.


Performance is a critical property of a program. While there exist refactorings that have the potential to significantly increase the performance of a program, it is hard to decide which refactorings effectively yield improvements. In this paper, we present a novel approach for the automated detection and selection of refactorings that are promising candidates to improve performance. Our key idea is to provide a heuristics that utilizes software properties determined by both static code analyses and dynamic software analyses to compile a list of concrete refactorings sorted by their assessed potential to improve performance. The expected performance improvement of a concrete refactoring depends on two factors: the execution frequency of the respective piece of code, and the effectiveness of the refactoring itself. To assess the latter, namely the general effectiveness of a given set of refactorings, we have implemented a set of micro benchmarks and measured the effect of each refactoring on computation time and memory consumption. We demonstrate the practical applicability of our overall approach with experimental results.


This analysis aims to determine the differences in the exchange rate between the member countries of the European Union, the states financial conversion, the conditions to increase the capital, the discriminatory treatment on the assets and liabilities, monetary and nonmonetary, of accounting records and presentation of their annual situations.


The Pannonian basin is a major geothermal heat system in Central Europe. Its peripheral basin, the East Slovakian basin, is an example of a geothermal structure with a linear, directed heat flow ranging from 90 to 100 mW/m2 from west to east. However, the use of the geothermal source is limited by several critical tectono-geologic factors: (a) Tectonics, and the associated disintegration of the aquifer block by multiple deformations during the pre-Paleogene, mainly Miocene, period. The main discontinuities of NW-SE and N-S direction negatively affect the permeability of the aquifer environment. For utilization, minor NE-SW dilatation open fractures are important, which have been developed by sinistral transtension on N–S faults and accelerated normal movements to the southeast. (b) Hydrogeologically, the geothermal structure is accommodated by three water types, namely, Na-HCO3 with 10.9 g·L−1 mineralization (in the north), the Ca-Mg-HCO3 with 0.5–4.5 g·L−1 mineralization (in the west), and Na-Cl water type containing 26.8–33.4 g·L−1 mineralization (in the southwest). The chemical composition of the water is influenced by the Middle Triassic dolomite aquifer, as well as by infiltration of saline solutions and meteoric waters along with open fractures/faults. (c) Geothermally anomalous heat flow of 123–129 °C with 170 L/s total flow near the Slanské vchy volcanic chain seems to be the perspective for heat production.


There is a need to determine nuclear level densities since experiments that defect nuclear level densities can not observe some of these densities, because of experimental limitations. The missed level could be calculated using standard correction of Porter-Thomas width distribution. A method that could determine the distance between levels distribution was developed. This method was applied to nuclear resonance data sets. There was a good agreement between the calculated results and those from literatures of experimented data.


UML statechart are finite state machines extended with hierarchy, orthogonality and broadcasting. It can describes all dynamic actions of the element in system. But it is very difficult to be applied to generating test cases directly in practical application for its complex syntax definition and imprecise semantics. The paper analyses the UML statechart in detail and designs a transformation algorithm for transformation from UML statechart to classical state diagram. It provides a feasible approch for generating test cases directly from UML statechart. At last the approach is illustrated with an example.


Sonar image is inevitably contaminated by noise during the acquisition process, while the noise reduction algorithms with good performance are usually of high time complexity. The human visual attention mechanism usually guides the eyes to salient region and gives priority to those visual information. In view of this, saliency detection based on manifold ranking was introduced into sonar image processing, to divide the image into two parts:salient region and non-significant region. For the salient region with small proportion, block-matching and 3-D filtering (BM3D) algorithm was adopted to reduce noise and protect the main information of the image; for the non-significant background which was not very concerned, high efficiency mean filtering was used. On the collected sonar image data set, the present algorithm was compared with the classic MF and BM3D algorithms through the subjective and 2 objective evaluation indexes. The experimental results show that the efficiency of the present algorithm is much higher than that of BM3D, while the image visual effect is guaranteed, which is satisfied with the real-time application requirement of autonomous underwater vehicles.


AFTER KATRINALULING, LOUISIANA-- More than 600 square kilometers of Louisiana wetlands have disappeared in the last decade alone. After hurricanes Katrina and Rita--and a National Academies call for action--ecologists hope their large-scale plans will be implemented. [(Read more.)][1]

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/310/5752/1264


Death in late modernity Contemporary health and social care Understanding death and dying Understanding bereavement and grief The ways in which people die Dying in the twenty-first century Dying and bereavement in old age The aftermath of death Integrating theories and practices


We attempt to study a model of human-machine system with general failed system repair time distribution which have two units active and one unit on standby by using the theory of the functional analysis method,especially the theory semi-groups of linear operators on Banach space.Firstly,the existence of the strictly dominance eigenvalue is proved.Then by analyzing the change of the system essential spectral bound under the perturbation,we prove that the dynamic solution is exponential tends to the steady solution of the system.


The electret properties of cycloolefin copolymer (COC) films, metalized on one side and charged with corona or electron-beam methods, were investigated. Measurements of the isothermal decay of surface and bulk charges under room conditions and at elevated temperatures and humidities as well as thermally-stimulated current measurements indicate excellent stability of surface charges of positive and negative polarity. Negative bulk charges, injected be electron beams, are less stable. The COC materials are nonpolar and show no measurable piezo- and pyroelectric activity.


In an attempt to identify and assess the importance of attitudinal factors as determinants of academic success, 12 motivational concepts were rated on a 9-scale semantic differential by introductory psychology students in 2 studies. The first study identified 3 possible predictive concepts. The second study cross-validated and assessed the stability of these concepts during the course duration. Only the concept "test" was found to be a stable and persistent predictor of academic success. Implications for further research were discussed.


SUMMARY We investigate a design strategy for subthreshold circuits focusing on energy-consumption minimization and yield maximization under process variations. The design strategy is based on the following findings related to the operation of low-power CMOS circuits: (1) The minimum operation voltage (VDDmin ) of a circuit is dominated by flip-flops (FFs), and VDDmin of an FF can be improved by upsizing a few key transistors, (2) VDDmin of an FF is stochastically modeled by a log-normal distribution, (3) VDDmin of a large circuit can be efficiently estimated by using the above model, which eliminates extensive Monte Carlo simulations, and (4) improving VDDmin may substantially contribute to decreasing energy consumption. The effectiveness of the proposed design strategy has been verified through circuit simulations on various circuits, which clearly show


Street connected children are those children for whom the street is the main reference point for living and livelihood. Dhaka city alone is home to approximately 249,200 street children. By living and working in street, these children experience multiple forms of deprivations. BRAC Street Children project named "Reaching out to the Urban Street Children" initiated in May 2013 is inclined to integrate these vulnerable and socio-economically deprived children into the mainstream society. The project provides nurturing services to the children living and working on the streets through its two main children centers located in Sadarghat and Mirpur and 15 other sub-centers. Development Economics Research Unit of BRAC's Research and Evaluation Division is investigating the project's effects on the lives of vulnerable street connected children through an ethnographic and longitudinal qualitative investigation. This approach will help to map periodical changes in the lives of the participant children due to project interventions. The data collection has been planned for three times over a two-year time frame (Time 1, Time 2 and Time 3). For assessing the effectiveness of the project, in addition to the program participant children, a comparison group of children (non-participants) also has been selected from the same areas. The first phase of the study (T1) enabled us to better understand the lives of both participant and non-participant groups in terms of their living situation, thought process, values and attitude towards life. It also helped to capture the dimensions of challenges and risks experienced by children living in street and identified the factors that draw and prevent street connected children from joining shelter. Now the second phase (T2) study will help us to capture the immediate changes due to the project intervention in their lives, attitude and values of the participant group of children compared to the non-participant children and finally the end line (T3) will help us out to examine whether any changes in the participant group (if any) have been directly affected by the project interventions..


RRAM is an attractive and low-cost memory structure for embedded applications due to the simplicity of the RRAM element (RE) and its compatibility with a logic process. A RRAM bit cell (Fig. 30.1.1) consists of an NMOS select transistor and a bipolar RE, which consists of a bottom electrode (BE), a transition metal-oxide file (Hi-K), a metal capping layer and a top electrode (TE). The memory cell operates as a 3-terminal device, including bit-line (BL), source-line (SL) and word-line (WL). BL is connecting to TE, SL is connecting to the source node of the select transistor and word-line (WL) is connecting to the gate of the select transistor. A common SL (CSL) architecture is adopted in this work. CSL allows two or more columns to share one source line. So that the column mux number for SL can be reduced, therefore macro area can be saved. In addition, SL can be implemented with a wider metal track due to the reduced SL count. Therefore, the SL resistance also can be reduced. However, a CSL architecture will result in a larger parasitic capacitance on SL. This paper presents an SL precharge scheme to deal this increased capacitance when reading from the CSL.


Arylsilyl radicals were found to add to a carbonyl oxygen of various p-quinones to produce siloxy-substituted phenoxyl radicals. Likewise the reaction of diphenylphosphino-radical with p-quinones produced similar phenoxyl radicals. For the unsymmetrical 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-benzoquinone both possible isomers of the triphenylsilyl adduct were observed, but while 4-triphenylsiloxy-2,6-di-t-butylphenoxyl radical persisted for months its isomer decayed within seconds. t-Butoxyl and carbon radicals did not appear to add to p-quinones. Consequently p-quinones appear to be excellent preferential spin traps for silyl and phosphino-radicals in solution.


This paper presents safety assessments incorporated to the mathematical design model of a container ship, implemented and investigated in procedural documents. From the theoretical standpoint, these results enrich ship design theory. From the practical standpoint, they could become an additional justification in the selection of optimal ship design with respect to RS Register Rules, so that the customer could estimate the safety of his novel ship already at early design stages.


The chronicles by Elena Poniatowska are the basis for her testimonial writing. An analysis of La Noche de Tlatelolco illustrates coincidences with her political views and the repressive actions of the state at that moment. The symbolism of the plaza of Tlatelolco goes back to the reign of the vice-royalty giving this symbol added value. The changes in times and texts regarding events such as Octavio Paz y Jose Emilio Pacheco, illustrate the perspective of different voices.


Due to harsh and inaccessible operating environments, space computing presents many unique challenges and constraints that limit onboard computing performance. However, the increasing need for real...


The actuality and development of engraving heads for electronic engravers were introduced. The high frequency electromagnetic actuator in use at present was classified as swing electromagnet and directacting electromagnet. The achievements acquired in laser engraving and electron beam engraving is magnificent, which are based on different principle. And the actuator with PZT or GMM is a very good way in developing and researching the engraving head.


The development of infant is affected by several factors, particularly providing exclusive breast feeding by the maternal, in which the exclusive breastfeeding contains complete nutrients that is needed by infant. However, the low rate of providing exclusive breast feeding in community may remain a challenge. A good lactation management takes important role in successful rate of exclusive breastfeeding. The lactation management can be defined as a either management or procedure performed by mothers during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding phase in order to facilitate breastfeeding activity. The lactation management itself is expected to support providing exclusive breastfeeding at least six months, in which the lactation management is necessary for both career-mother and housewife. The objective of this study was to assess the lactation management among housewife during breastfeeding activity. This was descriptive study by using quantitative approach, where the study design is case control. The location of this study is in work area of Primary Health Care of Sumbersari, Jember. This study found that lactation management is essential factor that affects breastfeeding activity among housewife. Keyword: Exclusive Breast Feeding, Lactation Management, Housewife


ABSTRACT Allyl 3- and 4-deoxy-N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminides were synthesized from galactosamine and glucosamine, respectively. Using inhibition assay, we found that neither the 3-deoxy nor the 4-deoxy derivative had any binding affinity to the Gal/GalNAc lectins of rabbit and rat liver at the highest concentration tested (40 mM), indicating that the absence of either 3- or 4-hydroxyl group of N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) caused a decreace in afffinity of at least 100-fold. Therefore, both 3- and 4-hydroxyl groups of GalNAc are required for the binding to the mammalian hepatic lectins.


This research looks at the impact of high-voltage transmission lines (HVTL) on surrounding property values, using a microspatial approach. It is based on a sample of 507 single-family houses sold over the 1991–96 period in the City of Brossard, in the Greater Montreal area, Canada. Findings suggest that although severe visual encumbrance due to a direct view on a pylon or conductors does exert a significantly negative impact on property prices with depreciations ranging from 5% to well in excess of 20%, being adjacent to the easement will not necessarily cause a house to depreciate and may even increase its value in similar proportions where proximity advantages exceed drawbacks.