Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumour. Despite aggressive therapy, median survival is only 14 months. Death typically results from treatment failure and local recurrence. The GBM microenvironment is highly hypoxic, which correlates with treatment resistance. Cytoplasmic RNA stress granules (SGs) form in response to hypoxic stress and act as sights of mRNA triage, allowing preferential translation of pro-survival mRNA during stress. We hypothesize that SGs may play a role in hypoxia-induced resistance to therapy, and may be targetable by chemotherapeutics to improve outcomes. Methods: We screened 1280 approved compounds to identify drugs that inhibited formation or dissolution of SGs in U251 glioma cells. Raloxifene inhibited SG dissolution in a dose dependent manner. We treated cells with raloxifene and incubated them in hypoxia, and then measured rates of cell death using cell counting and Presto blue. Results: Cell death rates were synergistically higher in cells treated with the combination of raloxifene and hypoxia compared to either treatment alone. Conclusions: Raloxifene inhibits the dissolution of SGs in glioma cells, and combination treatment results in synergistic tumour cell death. Taken together, this provides evidence that inhibition of SG dissolution may be a viable target for future GBM chemotherapeutics.


T his is a book that sets out to 'debunk the fads that undermine corporate performance'. Nothing is spared-reengineering, benchmarking, flatter structures, culture, TQM, shareholder value tools, independent boards of directors, management by 'walking around', listening to customers, teams, action based on intuition and many others-all get a beating. These are vIewed as dangerous simplifications'quick fixes and standardised methods' -and diverting management from what It needs most which is 'hard, clear thinking'. The answer lIes in trained management who have respect for 'hierarchy, structure and analysis' which are the core ideas that underlie proven management skills. This book is very useful and mildly irritating. It is useful because of its fundamental message, which is that each tool or insight is only a part of a very large whole. Complex business problems are not solved by single 'fixes'. While each approach embraced by management over the past decades has contained something of use, they have been often oversold. So, managements beware. There are no easy options, and true performance Improvement comes from doing a lot of things well over very long periods of time. In fact, one of the book's important Insights lies In the description of how long the gains at fIrms hke General Electric and Motorola have taken. These times are well beyond the apparent tolerance levels of most stock market analysis and restless independent dIrectors. But the book IS irritating as well. My impression is that the authors reahsed that they had interestIng views and some research on management development but they feared that it would come across as dead boring. Accordingly, and in a way that sits a little incongruously WIth their plea to treat 'management' as a serious, professional discipline, the serious themes are dressed up to be as provocative and controversial as possible. We are told several times early in the book that the authors are as 'mad as hell' about the influence of alleged gurus and criticIsms of management. The words jar. More Importantly, almost every dIscussion starts with a straw-man, an over-the-top representatIOn of the posItion that most would hold. For example,


Huge damages occurred along the Pacific coast of Tohoku by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake. The preliminary results on submarine investigations after the earthquake indicate the wide distribution of the event deposits by the earthquake and/or its related tsunami. Characterization of the event deposits and consideration of their depositional processes is very important to understand what happen at sea floor by the particular earthquake, and to recognize the past earthquakeand/or tsunami-induced offshore deposits. Therefore, sedimentological and geological investigations at the offshore of Sanriku-Sendai coast from coastal shallow water to the Japan Trench should be conducted to clarify the depositional processes and temporal changes of the event deposits. Integration of results of the investigations with the simulation and experimental studies is also important.


Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the neck. Most cases of PTC are diagnosed based on pathologic criteria. However, few thyroid lesions that mimic nuclear features or the architecture of PTC pose diagnostic problems. Papillary projections may be encountered in benign papillary hyperplasia of multinodular goiter, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and Graves' disease. For this reason, the approach to these challenging lesions should include immunohistochemistry. Galectin-3(Gal-3) is an immunohistochemical marker that shows positivity in PTC. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether strong galectin-3 expression is an essential hallmark of PTC or papillary thyroid hyperplasia.
Material and Methods: Gal-3 expression was sought by immunohistochemistry in 33 cases of papillary patterns (on microscopy) of thyroid specimens received at our institution. The results obtained were statistically analysed.
Result and Conclusion: Of the 33 cases studied, 17 were PTC, and 16 were papillary hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical stain with Galectin -3 revealed a statistically significant P – value, which proves the tendency for Galectin -3 expression is higher in PTC than in papillary hyperplasia.


An analytical model is established for the steady-state thermal performance of single component heat pipes. By considering the interaction of axial heat conduction through the wall with various heat-transfer modes inside and outside the heat pipe, the analysis leads to the prediction of saturated vapor temperature, the axial wall temperature and mass flow distributions along the heat pipe. The thermal performance of a heat pipe is shown to be dependent upon two dimensionless parameters: the Biot number with respect to the wick and a parameter that characterizes the relative contributions of radial conduction through the wick and axial conduction through the pipe wall. The predictions are compared and discussed with existing experimental results.


The objective of this research is to detect earnings management through accruals and real activities around seasoned equity offering and its effect on firm�s financial performance which is listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia over the 2005-2009 period.
This research adopt the methods of collecting and computation from the previous researcher. Accrual earnings management is proxied by discretionary accrual while real activities are proxied by sales management activities, increased production, and reduction of discretionary expenses.
The results show that companies tend to conduct earnings management around seasoned equity offering, increase their production and reduce the discretionary cost around seasoned equity offering. From the regression result, the accrual based negatively affect the performance of the company and cause performance degradation. The increase of their production negatively affect the performance and significantly affect their company performance. This indicates the increasing level of production seems consistent with opportunistic view that cause performance degradation.


Mortality of patients who develop acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is unacceptably high but the predominant mode of cell death is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether plasma levels of caspase‐cleaved cytokeratin M30 (marker of apoptosis) and uncleaved cytokeratin M65 (marker of total cell death) are altered in ACLF patients and relate this to liver histology.


We obtain the equilibrium solutions of an R-out-of-N system subject to random breakdown. There are M spares and a single repairman, who instals good spares into the system when breakdowns occur and also repairs the failed items. Installation has pre-emptive repeat priority over repairs. Arbitrary distributions of installation and repair times are allowed. Equilibrium availability and downtime distributions are obtained from the equilibrium state distribution.


The c l a s s c a l l e d p h y s ic a l p r o t e c t i o n a l s o in c lu d e s such concerns as w i r e t a p p in g , e le c t ro m a g n e t ic em ission s u r v e i l l a n c e , b e tw e e n th e -1 in e s e n t r i e s on c h a n n e ls , and "piggy back" e n t r y (an i l l e g a l computer connected between the l e g i t i m a t e u s e r and h i s own computer) [BEARC72, PETEH67I. Because every l o g i c a l scheme must have fou n d a t io n in p h y s ic a l mechanisms, hardware and firmware (microprogrammed) approaches to sup p o r t d es ig n s a t the l o g i c a l l e v e l a r e an im p o r tan t p a r t of the c u r r e n t work in the f i e l d o f access c o n t r o l . The s u b j e c t o f in fo rm a t io n p r o t e c t i o n has o v e r t a p p l i c a t i o n w ith re g a rd to s t a t i s t i c a l d a ta bases [H0FFL73bl. These obvious ca ses have g e n e ra te d some l i m i t e d s o l u t i o n s [HANSM7I, ASTIA73] f o r p r e s e rv in g th e p r iv a c y o f i n d iv id u a l s in d a ta b a se s used f o r s o c i a l s c ie n c e r e s e a r c h , s u rv ey s , and o t h e r s t a t i s t i c a l s t u d i e s . However, t h e r e a re more profound im p l i c a t io n s o f in fo rm a t io n p r o t e c t i o n [BAUMR75, SAVID67I in v o lv in g in fe re n c e of s e m a n t ic s . Many of the r e l a t e d problem s, a l l of which a re o u t s id e o f t h e methods d i s c u s s e d i n t h i s d i s s e r t a t i o n , a r e very d i f f i c u l t and l a r g e ly u n sb lv ed . The r e a d e r i s r e f e r r e d to CMINSM68) INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND THE SETTING 5 f o r more a b o u t th e g e n e r a l p rob lem o f s e m a n t ic i n f o r m a t i o n p r o c e s s i n g . T h is s e c t i o n i s co n c lu d ed w i th a d i s c u s s i o n o f a few l a t e r a l i s s u e s which c o u ld a p p ly t o any o f t h e c l a s s e s o f p r o t e c t i o n . F i r s t , t h e q u e s t i o n o f i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f u s e r s w i l l be t r e a t e d as a c o m p le te ly s e p a r a t e i s s u e , p a r t o f a d i f f e r e n t f i e l d o f i n t e r e s t . User I d e n t i f i c a t i o n i s a k ey s to n e t o ev e ry a c c e s s c o n t r o l sy s tem . I f an i n t e r l o p e r can s u c c e s s f u l l y masquerade a s an a u t h o r i z e d u s e r , f o r example , by f o r g i n g an i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o r s t e a l i n g a passw ord , t h e r e s t o f t h e p r o t e c t i o n system i s s u r e l y o b v i a t e d . No c o n t r o l mechanism w i l l d a u n t him from e x e c u t in g o p e r a t i o n s which a r e a c t u a l l y u n a u t h o r i z e d , b u t which I t b e l i e v e s a r e a u t h o r i z e d . I t s h a l l be assumed t h a t th e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n f u n c t i o n h as been th o ro u g h ly r e s o l v e d . In a c t u a l i t y , t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n p r o c e s s , however, h as n o t been d ev e lo p ed to a s a t i s f a c t o r y d e g re e o f r e l i a b i l i t y [BEARC72I. One c l a s s o f I d e n t i f i c a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s r e q u i r e s th e u s e r t o c a r r y a key , badge , m agnet ic s t r i p e c a rd [MAGNE73], o r punched c a rd t o i n s e r t i n t o t h e t e r m i n a l . Another ty p e o f r e c o g n i t i o n i s based on memorized passw ords o r u s e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n num bers . In a d d i t i o n t o th e c o n c ep t of a s im p le , f i x e d g roup o f c h a r a c t e r s , a passw ord may be s p e c i f i e d a s a p r o c e d u r e . For each e n t r y to t h e sys tem . th e u s e r employs t h e p ro c e d u re ( e . g . , some f u n c t i o n o f t h e c u r r e n t d a t e p l u s ev e ry o t h e r c h a r a c t e r of h i s l a s t name) t o compute a passw o rd . In e x t r e m e ly s e n s i t i v e s i t u a t i o n s , v e r i f i c a t i o n o f i d e n t i f i c a t i o n can be made by a c a l l b a c k f e a t u r e such a s t h a t found In A l le n B abcock 's RUSH CBABCJ67] s y s te m . B efore usage o f t h e s e n s i t i v e d a t a t h e computer ( o r th e o p e r a t o r ) can c a l l th e a u t h o r i z e d u s e r on a s e p a r a t e number. Such a p ro c e d u re c o u ld be v e ry b o th e rso m e , and th e l e v e l o f added s a f e t y i s q u e s t i o n a b l e . The most p ro m is in g (w i th r e g a r d t o a c c u ra c y and r e l i a b i l i t y ) c l a s s o f i d e n t i f i c a t i o n means o f t h e f u t u r e depends on a measurement and r e c o g n i t i o n of p a t t e r n s o f p e r s o n a l p h y s i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . Methods In t h i s c l a s s a r e a l s o more l i k e l y t o be e x p e n s iv e , because th e y in v o lv e more complex p r o c e s s e s , o f t e n forms o f p a t t e r n r e c o g n i t i o n . F i n g e r p r i n t i d e n t i f i c a t i o n I s an example IELECM731. The approach d e v e lo p e d by KMS S e c u r i t y Systems o f R o s e v i l l e , Michigan CMURPJ73bl, and a few o t h e r s , u s e s h o l o g r a p h i c c o r r e l a t i o n . The F in g e r s c a n IFRENN74] by Colspan C o r p o r a t i o n u s e s a u to m a t ic f i n g e r p r i n t r e a d in g t e c h n o lo g y d eve lo p ed f o r t h e F . B . I . The I d e n t im a t 2000 o f I d e n t lm a t lo n INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND THE SETTING 6 M arke t ing Company o f N o r th v a le , New J e r s e y , u se s m easurem ents o f th e human hand ESECUR73, MURPJ73b] f o r I d e n t i f i c a t i o n . A nother example i s v o i c e p r i n t r e c o g n i t i o n a s o f f e r e d by T h re sh o ld T echno logy , I n c . o f C innaminson, New J e r s e y , EMURPJ73a, MURPJ73b] and V o i c e p r i n t L a b o r a t o r i e s , I n c . o f S o m e r v i l l e , New J e r s e y . As w e l l a s s o l u t i o n s to th e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n p ro b lem , i t a l s o w i l l be assumed t h a t t h e r e i s no "back d oor" o r " sn eak e n t r a n c e " th ro u g h which any u s e r can s u r r e p t i t i o u s l y b y p a s s the a u t h o r i z a t i o n and en fo rcem en t p r o c e s s e s . For example , i f a sys tem i s c la im ed to have on ly one p o i n t a t which u s e r a c c e s s to r e s o u r c e s may o c c u r , b u t someone f i n d s a way a round i t by f i n d i n g a way to g e t i n t o some s u p e r v i s o r mode, th e n an i n t e r f a c e to a r e s o u r c e s e c u r i t y system a t t h a t p o i n t would n o t g u a r a n te e system p r o t e c t i o n . A s e c u r i t y system must be assumed to be co n n ec ted a t a p o i n t where a l l a t t e m p t s t o u se p r o t e c t e d r e s o u r c e s a r e s u b j e c t t o I t s s c r u t i n y . A nother l a t e r a l t o p i c , c r y p to g ra p h y EBEARC72, VANTD69, SKATR69, FEISH73, BARAP64, CARRJ70, TURNR72] i s n o t o f i n t e r e s t in t h i s work. Excep t f o r i t s use a s a t e c h n iq u e f o r s e c u re communication o f s e n s i t i v e d a t a , coded s c ra m b l in g can be an i n e f f i c i e n t way to a c h ie v e p r o t e c t i o n . High o v erh ead i s o f t e n needed t o code and decode f o r t r a n s m i s s i o n o f l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s o f d a t a . Decoding and r e c o d in g I s u s u a l l y r e q u i r e d , even f o r s i m p l e ■'p ro c e d u re s su ch a s s o r t i n g and merging o f f i l e s . L a s t l y , th e economic c o n s i d e r a t i o n s o f c o s t : and e f f i c i e n c y a r e n o t d i r e c t l y p a r t o f t h i s work. However', such c o n s i d e r a t i o n s w e r e ' c a r e f u l l y t a k e n i n t o acco u n t th ro u g h o u t t h e d ev e lop m en t , and many d e c i s i o n s made d u r in g th e m o d e l l in g phase were m o t iv a te d by t h e s e f a c t o r s . The Need £or £r.o.te.c.tl.9n La,nauaae.s a l Many Levels q ± Sophistication Due t o th e s h e e r s i z e and g r e a t co m p lex i ty o f t h e d a t a b ase on t h e one hand and th e h e t e r o g e n e o u s usage p a t t e r n s and e l a b o r a t e p r o t e c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s on t h e o t h e r hand , t h e r e i s . c o n s i d e r a b l e d i f f i c u l t y In d e v e lo p in g e f f e c t i v e i n t e r f a c e s between t h e u s e r s / a u t h o r i z e r s o f t h e d a t a base and th e d a t a b a se s y s te m s . N e v e r t h e l e s s , w i th o u t e f f e c t i v e INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 7 THE NEED FOR PROTECTION LANGUAGES u s e r d a t a b a s e s y s t e m I n t e r f a c e s and a u t h o r i z e r d a t a b a s e s y s t e m i n t e r f a c e s t h e c a p a b i l i t y o f advanced d a t a b a se sys tem s w i l l n e v e r be f u l l y u t i l i z e d . T h i s r e s e a r c h on language and language t r a n s l a t o r s f o r s e c u r i t y i s aimed to d e v e lo p such e f f e c t i v e i n t e r f a c e . One v e r y im p o r ta n t f u n c t i o n o f t h e s e i n t e r f a c e s i s t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f d a t a s e c u r i t y p o l i c i e s and th e s p e c i f i c a t i o n o f p r o t e c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a l l o r p a r t o f th e d a t a b a s e . The means f o r communicating t h e s e p o l i c i e s and r e q u i r e m e n t s to th e sys tem i s a p r o t e c t i o n s p e c i f i c a t i o n la n g u a g e , which can be a com ple te language on i t s own o r th e s e c u r i t y o r i e n t e d p a r t o f a more e x t e n s i v e d a t a base management la n g u a g e . The c o m p le x i ty o f th e problem of d e s ig n in g a language f o r p r o t e c t i o n i s r e d u c e d by p ro p o s in g t h e ap p ro ach o f d e v e lo p in g a f a m i ly o f l a n g u a g e s , each member o f which Is aimed f o r a l e v e l s o p h i s t i c a t ion o f th e p r o t e c t i o n system u s e r s . The u s e r ' s l e v e l o f s o p h i s t i c a t i o n I s d e te r m in e d by th e co m p le x i t


Embodiments of the invention disclose a verification method and apparatus for a mobile device operation source. A mobile device is provided with a sensor used for detecting a motion state. The method comprises: when operation source verification needs to be performed, randomly generating an operation verification question according to a preset operation verification question generation rule; according to the obtained operation verification question, obtaining an answer of the operation verification question, wherein the answer is related to the motion state of the mobile device; and outputting the obtained operation verification question to a user. The sensor used for detecting the motion state of the mobile device is started; a motion state parameter of the mobile device is obtained through the sensor; whether the motion state of the mobile device is consistent with the answer of the operation verification question is determined according to the obtained motion state parameter; if the motion state of the mobile device is consistent with the answer of the operation verification question, the verification is passed; otherwise, the verification is not passed. By applying the embodiments of the invention, the verification operation of the user can be simplified.


Transportation Management Centers (TMCs) monitor and control traffic and transit, share data with other regional and local centers, and play an integral role in utilizing regional ITS infrastructures to manage surface transportation centers and make transportation systems operate more efficiently and safely. In recent years, significant investment has been made in the development of standards for the deployment of ITS equipment, systems, and field devices. However, a comparable level of effort has been lacking in applying standards for TMC operations and maintenance. The aim of this paper is to provide suggestions in developing standards for the operations and maintenance of TMCs in order to maximize return on ITS investments.


We investigate a mathematical model of tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), which includes surface interaction via both van der Waals and meniscus forces. We also take particular care to include a realistic representation of the integral control inherent to the real microscope. Varying driving amplitude, amplitude setpoint and driving frequency independently shows that the model can capture the qualitative features observed in AFM experiments on a flat sample and a calibration grid. In particular, the model predicts the onset of an instability, even on a flat sample, in which a large-amplitude beating-type motion is observed. Experimental results confirm this onset and also confirm the qualitative features of the dynamics suggested by the simulations. The simulations also suggest the mechanism behind the beating effect; that the control loop over-compensates for sufficiently high gains. The mathematical model is also used to offer recommendations on the effective use of AFMs in order to avoid unwanted artefacts.


There is a growing awareness of the importanee of roored maerophyres in the biogeoehemieal cycling of nutrients, rraee metals and organie eontaminants in lake eeosystems. While it has been long understood that fine-grained sediment particles and rheir assoeiated contaminants within the littoral zone ean be transporred to, and eventually aeeumulate in, deeper parts of the lake, two paradigms have evolved to deseribe rhe role o f maerophytes in sediment, nurrient and eontaminant distribution within aquatie systems.


The chapter discusses the delivery and evaluation of a women-only physical activity and yoga programme designed to improve physical activity, social isolation and well-being amongst South Asian and Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) migrant women living in areas of high economic deprivation. The chapter provides an accessible insight into the aims, objectives, methods and findings of the study. It provides important recommendations on how researchers and service providers can deliver culturally tailored community-based health interventions It will be demonstrated that social support such as childcare provision, child-friendly sessions and social media forums, determined by the target population can mitigate misconceptions about South-Asian and BME migrant women as being difficult to engage in health interventions.


The decomposition at high temperatures over glass-wool of the acetic acid esters of butanol-1, butanol-2, 2-methylpropanol-1, 2-methylpropanol-2, 2-methylbutanol-1, 3-methylbutanol-1 and hexadecanol-1 to acetic acid and the corresponding alkene was investigated. It was found that glass-wool is not the active catalyst for the reaction. In some cases a small amount of isomerism of the double bond could be detected. Some observations on the reaction mechanism are included.


RAPD data analysis of Metarhizium anisopliae isolates recorded a total of 242 bands, of which 127 were monomorphic and 115 were polymorphic giving a polymorphism percentage of 47.5. Out of the 12 RAPD primers, RAPD 5 and RAPD 9 amplified the highest amount of bands (27 bands each). The number of fragments generated by each primer varied from 8 to 27. The primer RAPD 11 gave highest polymorphism percentage of 70.0% followed by RAPD 4 (65.2%). Lowest polymorphism percentage of 25.0% was recorded in RAPD 8.


This research is motivated by the low problem solving ability of students in Mathematics in class V SDIT Nurut Taqwa West Cikarang. This study aims to improve the ability to solve Mathematical problems through Problem Posing learning models for fifth grade students at SDIT Nurut Taqwa Cikarang Barat. This research method uses Classroom Action Research (CAR) which consists of 3 cycles. Each cycle consists of stages of action planning, implementation of actions, stages of observation and assessment, then reflection. Subjects numbered 19 students. The data in this collection was obtained using data collection techniques in the form of written tests and observations. The criterion for success in this study is if 80% of the number of students reach the KKM value that has been set is 70. Based on the results of the study obtained in cycle I, the problem solving ability of students obtained a percentage of mastery learning by 32% with an average value of 58.95. In cycle II, the problem solving ability of students obtained a percentage of completeness of 63% with an average value of 74. In cycle III, the problem solving ability of students obtained a percentage of mastery learning by 89% with an average value of 85. The conclusion of this study is a model Problem Posing learning can improve Mathematical problem solving skills in fifth grade students at SDIT Nurut Taqwa Cikarang Barat.


Let P be a set of n ≥ 3 points in the plane in general position with n even and let h being the number of points on the convex hull of P . We want to know in which cases P admits a planar embedding of a cubic, connected graph (a "cubic embedding")? García et al. proved in [1] that cubic embeddings always exists for h ≤ 4n, but for higher values of h the question remained open. We present a characterization for h > 4n under the assumption that cubic embeddings have to contain the cycle through the points of the convex hull. Let ch(P ) denote the convex hull of P (i. e., the boundary of the minimal convex set containing P ) and let a (combinatorial) edge ∈ ( P 2 ) be a diagonal of P if it joins two non-consecutive points in ch(P ). We focus on the case h > 4n for a given point set P . If a cubic embedding on P exists, let D be the set of its diagonals. Then D 6= ∅ and diagonals in D can neither cross each other nor share an endpoint due to planarity and cubicness. We call the connected, bounded regions in which the plane is subdivided by ch(P ) and D faces induced by D. For every face f induced by D let If be the set of of points strictly inside f , Hf the set of points on the boundary of f that are not endpoints of a diagonal and Nf = Hf ∪ If . Let lower case letters denote the cardinality of that sets. We want to find a certain embedding on the points Nf for each induced face f such that adding the convec hull cycle and D yields a cubic embedding of P . A planar embedding on the points Nf of a face with nf even is called a cage embedding, if – it contains no edge in Hf ×Hf , ∗This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the research training group "Methods for Discrete Structures" (GRK 1408).


tinued through the 1910s and 1920s, and how the labor movement shaped the law as well. And O'Brien challenges the work of Christopher Tomlins, who glides past much of the first twenty years of this century without comment and who attributes the limits of the New Deal largely to abstractions about corporate power. In the end, O'Brien joins all of these scholars in a lament for both the timidity of the New Deal and the future it set for the labor movement while—in her attention to a long and complex history of progressive politics and legal discourse that cut across party lines—makes a better case than any of them. I do think (and this criticism has more to do with the genre than with this particular account) that O'Brien ultimately puts too many of her causal eggs in one basket. The discussion of the 1910s and 1920s tends to slide past much of the actual—and remarkably diverse—experience of private collective bargaining. Just as they drew on public experiments such as the Railway Labor Boards, both Republican and Democratic labor policies attempted to codify private experiments in worker representation, union-management cooperation, or welfare capitalism as well. And the discussion of the New Deal is too dismissive of the immediate influences (including the experience of labor and industry under the NRA and the emergence of radical alternatives to the AFL) that shaped the drafting and passage of the Wagner Act. In an otherwise fascinating account, it is simply unnecessary (in my mind) to pose the prehistory of Republican labor policy as an alternative and exclusive causal explanation.


The purpose of the study was to investigate young children's abilities to discriminate between two chords played as the accompaniment of a melody and played alone with no melody. After receiving brief training in harmonic discrimination, 167 children ages 4 and 5 from four preschools were tested in their ability to discriminate between the chords "I" and "V6/5" in the song "En la Torre de una Iglesia" or between the chords "i" and "VII" in "Drunken Sailor." ANOVAs with repeated measures were performed for age, school, order of stimulus presentation (within variable), and type of stimulus on children s scores for each song. Both analyses indicated that age, type of stimulus, and the interaction of these two variables affected children's performance in the test significantly. In addition, order of presentation was found to be a significant variable of children's scores for the song "Drunken Sailor." Five-year-olds could detect harmonic changes in simple chord progressions, but were unable to do so when a melody was superimposed over the progression. Four-year-olds could not identify the chord changes of either stimuli.


In this study, it is aimed to determine the possible causes affecting pre-service teachers' awareness of electromagnetic pollution. For this purpose, data obtained by using Electromagnetic Pollution Awareness Scale developed by Kenar, Turgut and Gokalp (2013), were analyzed and assessed. This scale was administered to a total of 476 second- and third-year teacher candidates attending elementary, science, and social sciences teaching departments in the education faculty. A statistically significant difference is seen, according to gender, on the perception of electromagnetic pollution dimension which is the second factor, when looking at the results of the t-test of the electromagnetic perception based on gender. Female teacher candidates' awareness appears to be higher than that of male teachers. According to departments teacher candidates study, no significant difference is evident about their thoughts about the awareness of electromagnetic pollution. A significant difference has been found in the dimension of the effects of electromagnetic pollution to human health, which is the third factor, according to where those teacher candidates' families live. Accordingly, awareness of the teacher candidates whose families live in the Marmara and Southeastern Anatolian Region about the effects of electromagnetic pollution to human health is higher than that of the teacher candidates whose families live in other regions. As to where the teacher candidates live, no significant difference has been observed between their thoughts about the awareness of the electromagnetic pollution.


Despite the best attempts of various Western governments and the "embedded" media, details of the full extent of the economic crisis have slowly emerged. It is because their efforts to arrest the free fall have – more or less – failed. In the US, where owning one's own home is a necessary constituent of the "American Dream" and any deviation from that norm a sign of failure in life, people borrow heavily to buy homes with the expectation that rising values will make their investment profitable. But declining property values since early 2006 have seen thousands default on payments and forced to evict. Millions of jobs have been lost, more and more state governments are running gigantic budget deficits – even as people are lining up at soup kitchens and to collect food coupons that are increasingly scarce – and cities have had to cut down on services like regular trash removal, recreational facilities, and efficient emergency services. Not the US that free market ideologues will have us imagine, is it? In attempting to understand the present conjuncture, we must first of all reject the tendency to view it as a moment of an endless and natural cycle of being. This crisis is thoroughly capitalist; it is modern in nature, and contemporary in form. Three hundred years back – as in many places around the world even today – times of crisis meant something entirely different. They were brought about by things like floods, droughts, and earthquakes, when the means of production were physically destroyed. Can we say that of the crisis today? Hardly: all the means of production, the factories, the infrastructure, and workers are intact. Then why are they not being brought together to produce things? Why is it that although no tsunami has destroyed their workplaces, over three million workers have lost their jobs in the US in the last 12 months, and estimates


In this paper we show that the "transition state theory" (TST) used in chemical rate theory works surprisingly well for magnetic systems. It does not work for the simplest case (uniaxial anisotropy), which may explain why it has not previously been applied to other cases such as thin film switching. To check the TST, we develop a method for defining and computing switching rates by Landau-Lifshitz simulation, and apply it to a specific system (thin-film magnetoresistive random access memory element) for which it gives results similar to the TST.


The Early Years team are committed to innovative assessment practices that enhance student's professional development and have been incorporating a dialogic approach that gives voice to students in the belief that if students are heard then they can better listen to children. We operate within the framework of a consciously emotional pedagogy, which attempts to explore the 100 languages of children and the adults which they become.


BACKGROUND: Niacin (Nicotinic acid) is a powerful agent for raising plasma HDL levels in the treatment of dyslipidemia, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recently a new HDL/apoA-I receptor, the ectopic mitochondrial chain of ATP synthase, has been found to mediate hepatic HDL holo-particle (proteins lipids) endocytosis. The receptor stimulation is triggered by the binding of apoA-I, and strictly depends upon ADP generation catalyzed by ATP hydrolase (ATPase) of chain protein on the cell surface. In this study we examined the effects of niacin on cell surface expression of the chain in HepG2 cells, a key step in this receptor pathway. METHODS: Cell surface chain ATP synthase in HepG2 cells, pre-treated with 1mM Niacin at 37C for 24 hours, was examined by immuno-fluorescence confocal microscopy and quantified by flow cytometric analysis. Effect of niacin on HDL endocytosis was determined by measuring the uptake of I-labeled HDL by HepG2 cells. RESULTS: Pre-incubation with niacin reduces the surface expression of chain in HepG2 cells by 30%, and significantly decreases HDL endocytosis. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that niacin down regulates cell surface expression of the chain ATP synthase, leading to reduced hepatic removal of HDL through holo-particle endocytosis, thus implicating a potential cellular receptor site for niacin's action to raise plasma HDL.


Part of the present invention in a high temperature gas is introduced into a fluid bed dryer (4) as a heat source and to the flow of gas when the charged coal in the coke oven drying wet material, the high temperature gas is blown into the wet material was charged to a fluidized bed dryer inside chute (6) (4). It can be low cost and simple structure to prevent wet material adhered to and accumulated on the fluidized-bed dryer chute.


Dynamic Spectrum Access technology is now well beyond the developmental stages that it was several years ago. Several prototype devices have been created and have been successfully demonstrated at various venues. Recently the FCC has approved the decision for moving ahead with allowing white space devices to operate in the same frequency bands as TV transmitters. Through rigourous testing the FCC has validated the fundamental concept of these DSA radios showing that they can avoid primary users and cause a minimal amount of interference in trusted wireless environments. However, wireless environments can not always be trusted to contain naturally occuring features. Malicious users may introduce false environments such as increased noise levels or emulated primary user signals, in order to fool the DSA device. These uncontrolled environments must be explored in order to develop and embed proper security protocols within these next-generation devices to prevent future security issues. Even in the case of IEEE 802.11, the commercial world found that the security threats were severely overlooked, causing developers to play catch up while many systems were, and still are, left vulnerable. In this paper, we provide a security analysis on a well established DSA radio developed by Shared Spectrum Company under the DARPA xG program. Our analysis demonstrates the unique security vulnerabilities associated with DSA protocols and expose the extremely low barrier required for a malicious user to exploit them if not security measures are in place. We identify several of these unique vulnerabilities and suggest methods for mitigating them.


The incidence of poverty has increased in the majority of African countries over the 1990, while a pro-employment growth is strongly believed to be an efficient means for fighting against poverty. Thus a quantitative analysis of the growth-employment nexus in Africa appeared necessary. More specifically, the growth intensity of employment is assessed based on some panel data models of employment, using annual data of 39 African countries, over the period 1995-2000. In the specific case of the dynamic panel model, a Fixed Effects estimation suggests that economic growth affects employment but with lags (up to 2 years). However GMM estimations indicate that the short run effects of GDP remain weak while credit to the private sector and FDI bear some substitution relationship with each other.


High quality Whispering Gallery Mode lasing from dye-doped hemispherical microresonator formed by hydrophobic effect is presented. Owing to a simple fabrication, doping flexibility, our finding boosts a convenient implementation of microlasers.


The provision of teledermatology in National Health Service (NHS) practice has increased markedly over the last decade. The e-Referral System advice and guidance (A&G) is a platform through which teledermatology services can be provided. It was first implemented in our university teaching hospital department in 2016, but extensive use of this system started during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing the practicality of A&G's ongoing use to triage referrals efficiently, it was made compulsory for all routine referrals to our department in January 2021. We report on A&G triage use on health service outcomes over a 4-year period (June 2019–June 2022). Retrospective analysis of datasets from four timepoints was chosen for comparison: the month of June in 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022. The main outcomes analysed were total number of A&G requests, number converted to referral, number returned with advice, percentage of discharges at first attendance and referral to treatment (RTT) waiting time performance (defined as percentage of referrals seen in < 18 weeks). The A&G requests increased appreciably over the study period; only 45 requests received in June 2019, increasing to 965 in June 2020 and 1384 in June 2021, and remaining stable (n = 1140) by June 2022. The initial rise was attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic; further increases were due to changing referral pathways. The majority of A&G requests were returned with advice (77.6%, 66.4% and 54.5% in June 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively), except in June 2022 where 52.2% were converted to referrals. Separate to quantitative analysis, subjective reporting from triaging dermatologists noted improved primary care referral quality (user descriptions, differential diagnoses suggested and treatment options considered), implying educational benefits for referrers, gained from timely and targeted feedback. This was supported by an increasing conversion-to-referral percentage over the period. Triage of referrals allowed the identification of patients requiring advice prior to clinic review, resulting in improved use of clinics. Subsequently, the percentage of referrals discharged after the first clinical encounter decreased from 70% (June 2019) to 29.9% (June 2020), remaining low by June 2022 (37.9%). Concordantly, RTT performance increased from 60.3% in June 2020 to 88.2% 2 years later. The use of A&G to triage all routine referrals has positively impacted on our department's health service outcomes, noticeably reducing discharges at first attendance and improving RTT performance. We report on these successful outcomes to highlight to other NHS dermatology teams about efficient methods of teledermatology work in an NHS undergoing ever-increasing demands.


Preliminary calculations on using a liquid sodium cooled pebble bed of thorium metal for the target and blanket of a particle accelerator to convert fertile material to fissile have indicated the concept has considerable merit. Fuel management is simple and continuous on-line feed is effected. Additional features include excellent heat transfer, low pressure drop, minimization of structures and enhanced safety. Promising features strongly suggest that the work be continued to further refine the studies. Although specific to the target and blanket of the accelerator breeder concept, the work is readily extended to a high efficiency liquid metal cooled nuclear reactor employing a pebble bed as the fuel. 10 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.


Abstract. Current turbulence parameterizations in numerical weather prediction models at the mesoscale assume a local equilibrium between production and dissipation of turbulence. As this assumption does not hold at fine horizontal resolutions, improved ways to represent turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate (e) are needed. Here, we use a 6-week data set of turbulence measurements from 184 sonic anemometers in complex terrain at the Perdigao field campaign to suggest improved representations of dissipation rate. First, we demonstrate that a widely used Mellor, Yamada, Nakanishi, and Niino (MYNN) parameterization of TKE dissipation rate leads to a large inaccuracy and bias in the representation of e. Next, we assess the potential of machine-learning techniques to predict TKE dissipation rate from a set of atmospheric and terrain-related features. We train and test several machine-learning algorithms using the data at Perdigao, and we find that multivariate polynomial regressions and random forests can eliminate the bias MYNN currently shows in representing e, while also reducing the average error by up to 30 %. Of all the variables included in the algorithms, TKE is the variable responsible for most of the variability of e, and a strong positive correlation exists between the two. These results suggest further consideration of machine-learning techniques to enhance parameterizations of turbulence in numerical weather prediction models.


In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to compare deep learning versus ophthalmologists in glaucoma diagnosis on fundus examinations.


A method of producing fertilizer out of sludge, in which (21) Appl. No.: 12/596,022 method sludge is heated with Superheated Steam for achieving hygienization to destroy pathogenic microorganisms. In the (22) PCT Filed: Apr. 18, 2008 method, the sludge is heated to a temperature of 60 to 100° C. with superheated steam having a temperature of 200 to 600° (86). PCT No.: PCT/F2008/OSO2O3 C. to activate increasing of the amount of Soluble carbon in the sludge and to restart biodegradation of the sludge by using S371 (c)(1), non-pathogenic microorganisms still remaining in the sludge (2), (4) Date: Oct. 15, 2009 after the heating.


amongst the ranks of women' (p. 267). Gundle highlights contradictions and offers food for thought: 'One of the most striking features of Italian feminine beauty is continuity or, more accurately the semblance of continuity' (p. 261). However, this is only a semblance: '[I]t is a consolatory image that provides pleasure and assurance by excluding dissonant elements from the picture. The radiant young woman who in theory should stand for the future in fact is more representative of the past' (p. 268). If the future is to be not only modern but also bellissimo and embodied, it would be nice to think that some elements of this consoling traditional fiction could be allowed to remain. Perhaps female beauty is not a fiction, but a promise.


Organoselenium chemistry has developed as an important tool in the field of synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Various organoselenium reagents have been developed and used successfully to achieve different organic transformations such as the selenocyclizations, oxyselenenylations and selenoxide eliminations etc. Additionally, the potential of organoselenium reagents is not limited their use as stoichiometric reagents but they have successfully used as organocatalyst in number of synthetic transformations. Various organic and inorganic oxidants have been identified as terminal oxidants to regenerate the active catalytic specie. In this review article, the recent progress of organoselenium reagents in catalysis is being highlighted along with their asymmetric variants.


Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is common in hematooncologic diseases. The aim of the current study was to determine the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme analysis for the diagnosis of CNS involvement in hematooncologic patients.


Resistance has emerged to artemisinin, the backbone of combination therapy for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This week in the Journal, Menard et al. present a global map of artemisinin genotypic resistance to inform strategies for the control and treatment of malaria.1 Artemisinin filled a critical gap created by chloroquine resistance and was designated more than a decade ago by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the drug of choice to be used in combination for malaria treatment.2 Artemisinin is the most effective drug for severe malaria.3 Furthermore, in addition to clearing the disease-causing asexual blood stages, artemisinin also . . .


In this paper, the fields in a 2D finite photonic crystal are calculated in a rigorous and efficient way using an integral equation technique. At the surface of every cylinder an appropriate boundary impedance is used. The validity and accuracy of the method are verified by comparing the numerical results for a small example with those obtained by the method of auxiliary sources. Finally, this method is used to study a more complex PBG structure, namely a wave demultiplexer.


The article presents the analyst's interpretations and semantic meanings of the concept «knowledge society». Given the integral understanding of the «knowledge society» as a society's linguistic and cultural diversity, in which the growth of innovative segment are synthesized and overcome the d ifferences in the discourses of science, technology, economy and culture, which was accompanied by increased social fragmentation and division of the spheres, infused knowledge. From this perspective, «knowledge society» - a society «network» interaction of minds, the paradigm of which acquires the features of a new social ideal, determining the direction of planetary development.


In this paper 68 cases of patholygial confirmed malignant tumors of middle ear and external auditory cannal in our hospital from Jan. 1964 to Dec. 1978 were collected. For these two malignant tumors the 5 and 10 year survival rate were 47.1% (32/68) and 28% (11/50), respectively. Half of these cases were treated by radiation alone and the other half by radiation postoperatively. The 5-year survial rate of the two groups were 47.1%.The factors influencing prognosis and the method of treatment were discussed. The optimum dose seemed to be 5,000-6,000 Rads in 4-6 weeks.


Abstract Greuter, W. & Raus, Th. (ed.): Med-Checklist Notulae, 25. — Willdenowia 37: 205–213. — ISSN 0511-9618. doi:10.3372/wi.37.37110 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) Continuing a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data relevant to the Med-Checklist project are presented, this instalment deals with the families Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, Compositae, Fagaceae, Labiatae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Saxifragaceae, Umbelliferae, Verbenaceae; and Gramineae. It includes new country and area records, taxonomic and distributional considerations. A new name in Quercus and a new combination in Aegilops are validated, and two new subspecies are described in Arrhenatherum.


The annual cycle of pelagic primary production (PP) from ocean colour is analysed in a transition area between Ligurian and Tyrrhenian waters, where a general oligo-mesotrophic status is seasonally modified by anthropic impact near the Tuscany coast. Based on the common ecological features six different zones were delimited. Remote sensing data from different satellites (Meteosat, Aqua) were used as input in a primary production model. The daily production of the entire area was computed on pixel by pixel basis (4x4 km) using a modified GIS software. Overwhelming importance of oceanic bloom and high spatial variance of PP (90 ±54 gC m -2 y r -1 ) show that remote sensed data can allow a better


In a study on the effect of time of sowing on the quality of seeds of sunflower var. EC. 68413, 3.34% variation in the oil content was observed. Seed obtained from the crop sown in February had the highest oil and FFA content while that sown in September the lowest. Oil content was low in small sized seeds. April sown crop produced seeds with low protein content.


Women in Southeast Asian nationalist movements: A biographical approach Edited by susan blackburn and helen ting Singapore: NUS Press, 2013. Pp. 334. Maps, Photographs, Bibliography, Index. Susan Blackburn and Helen Ting's anthology, Women in Southeast Asian nationalist movements, tells fascinating stories of 12 women who have been socially, politically, and militarily active in anti-colonial and independence struggles in seven countries in Southeast Asia from the early twentieth century to the present day. Each chapter is devoted to the life story of one or two women, most of whom have been forgotten or undervalued, despite considerable contributions to their respective struggles. What readers will see in this book are vivid and colourful stories of these women as independent journalists and writers; as professional military and intelligence officers; as fervent and stubborn guerrilla fighters in jungles; and as capable educators, propagandists, and politicians. As a whole, this anthology challenges conventional, male-dominated national histories, and convincingly shows that the histories of anti-colonial and independence movements in Southeast Asia cannot be written without recognising the considerable contributions made by women. What is particularly successful about this book is the method used in each chapter: a biographical approach that focuses on an individual's life story. In taking this classic and recently reappraised approach, the book successfully sheds light on the lives of a number of women, adding nuance to our understandings of decolonisation in Southeast Asia and further complicating long-standing discussions of relationships between women and nationalism. For example, Chie Ikeya tells the story of a forgotten woman (chap. 1), an independent and prolific Burmese writer and journalist, Daw San, who founded a popular weekly newspaper in the 1930s. Beyond simply introducing her life, Ikeya analyses the reason behind the amnesia, locating it in Daw San's unconventional attitudes and ways of life, which challenge existing norms concerning gender and femininity in Burmese society (p. 40). Most chapters, like Ikeya's, aim at shedding light on forgotten women and their roles in history, but some intend to reveal new aspects of well-known women. Micheline Lessard, for instance, focuses on the life of Nguyen Thi Giang, who, in today's Vietnam, is generally remembered in a dramatic and romanticised fashion as a tragic lovelorn woman who committed suicide after witnessing her husband's execution (chap. 2). In this chapter, however, she is depicted as a capable and professional propagandist and intelligence officer, who was even specifically watched by French intelligence due to her prominent roles. Lessard, thus, describes her suicide less as that of a tragic wife than as an officer in sheer despair (p. 70). In addition, this book's biographical approach is useful in analysing these women's motivations for joining their movements. To be sure, some were hard-core activists, like Nguyen Thi Giang, who from the beginning hoped for the independence of her homeland from French colonialism. However, several of them joined their movements for non-ideological and non-political reasons. Vatthana Pholsena tells the stories of two Laotian women who joined anti-colonial revolutionary movements in Laos largely as a result of their desire for a better education (chap. 8). In such cases, as Pholsena aptly describes, more politically-inspired motivations, whether faith in communism or hope for the liberation of women, matured progressively over the course of their struggles (pp. 207-8). This approach also reveals that family contexts often had crucial impacts on the lives and careers of these women. Welyne J. Jehom (chap. 7) provides a glimpse of the life of Lily Eberwein, a Western-educated and English-speaking Eurasian, who, following the early death of her Eurasian father, converted to Islam, adjusted to her mother's social and cultural contexts, and adopted Malay culture, language, identity, and, eventually, the political movement against the cession of Sarawak to British colonialism. …


The spatial distributions of molecular beams of CH4, NH3, He, Ne, Ar, and Xe scattered from the (111) plane of an epitaxially grown Ag single crystal have been examined both during growth of the Ag crystal and immediately afterward, and no distinction between these modes was observable. The scattering of Ne, CH4, and NH3 has been compared to illustrate the important role of the gas—metal interaction energy; NH3, the most strongly interacting gas, gives rise to nearly diffuse scattering, while Ne is nearly specularly directed. Although the scattering of He is essentially specularly directed at all incident angles and temperatures, the heavier gases (Ar and Xe) exhibit scattering maxima lying between the specular direction and the tangent to the surface (supraspecular scattering), with the location of the maxima depending in a complex manner on the angle of incidence of the beam and the beam energy. Since a necessary condition for supraspecularity is that the beam temperature be greater than the surface tem...


Our visual sensor consists of many retinal neurons, each of which covers only a local receptive field. In order to recognize the object location as an analog value, we have to integrate visual signals from many retinal neurons. In our real world, objects usually move smoothly according to the equations of motion. If an output of a neural network which receives inputs from retinal neurons, changes smoothly along time, the output represents the object location as an analog value. Then the learning method has been proposed, which makes the output of the neural network become smooth, in other words, makes the second time derivative of the output become 0.


The aim of climate4impact (C4I) is to enhance the use of research data, to support researchers with analytics and to support other climate portals. It is currently under development within the European Project IS-ENES3 and builds on previous developments from IS-ENES2, CLIPC and C3S-Magic. C4I utilizes the globally distributed ESGF web services as data source, it uses ESGF search, Opendap and Thredds catalogs. C4I offers web interfaces for searching, visualizing, analyzing, processing and downloading (climate) datasets and is targeted to climate impact researchers. As the climate impact community is very broad, the focus is mainly on the scientific impact community. This work has resulted in the ENES portal interface for climate impact communities and can be visited at https://climate4impact.eu.


. The combinatorial possibilities for theknown V-region gene segments could generate a repertoire of at least 107 specificities . Evidence from studies ofhybridomasand virally transformed cell lines suggests that the expression of V-region gene segments may be stochastic in the adult mouse (>2 wk) (3, 4), but biased in the fetus and neonate (5, 6) . The implied developmental program may be significant in determining the quality of the mature immune system (7) . Here we report that the method of B cell cloning on filter paper discs (8) can be used to census populations of normal B lymphocytes for VH gene family expression . By this method, splenocytes plated onto filter paper discs along with thymocyte feeder cells are activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to proliferate and differentiate, forming pure colonies of antibody-secreting daughter cells immobilized within the paper (8-10) . Each colony then, represents a single founder B cell and contains sufficient Ig-specific message for detection by in situ Northern hybridizations . Our results demonstrate that, for three representative VH families, VH X-24, -Q52, and J558, expression within populations of splenic lymphocytes from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice is similar ; the expression of each family among LPS-inducible B cells is proportional to each family's size, as estimated by Southern analysis (11). These data, beyond creating a detailed description ofVH expression in adult mice, provide direct evidence that the basis of specific humoral immunity is indeed a process of random genetic combinato- rics .


This paper investigates a method to improve performance of diffusive molecular communications between biologically-enabled nanomachines in in-vivo aqueous environment. The proposed method exploits periodic flow, e.g., induced by repeated heart pumping. We make an analysis of channel impulse response (CIR) for such drift- diffusion fluid systems. In order to take the cyclic CIR into account, the proposed method optimizes the release timing and size of information molecules so that highest equalization gain can be achieved. We reveal that error rate performance can be significantly improved with adaptive molecule loading by taking care of the cyclic CIR.


Development work on formed coke production has for some years been at the forefront of research, development, and experimental design efforts on new ways of making metallurgical fuel, both here and in other countries. Interest has been aroused by a number of factors, including the gradual deterioration in the coal supply situation or the exhaustion of coals suitable for the conventional coking process, the need to improve the mechanical strength and size analysis of blast-furnace coke arising from the use of higher driving rates and larger furnaces, the need to protect the environment from pollution, and to make the coking process fully mechanized and automated, and the various social aspects (improved working conditions in pits and coke-oven plants). The Soviet process for making formed metallurgical coke from gas and poorly-caking coals satisfies all these requirements to the full. Blast-furnace trials in 1972 with 100 percent formed-coke burdens demonstrated that the new fuel has outstanding metallurgical properties and will promote a substantial increase in blast-furnace driving rates. Success in the Soviet Union has provoked interest from many foreign concerns, and in 1975 laboratory trials were carried out at UKhIN on the production of formed coke by the Soviet process from twomore » coals representing American supplies and six representing Japanese. Laboratory test data are presented, showing that formed coke can be made from foreign coals. The Soviet process can produce high-quality formed metallurgical coke from a wide range of foreign coals and blends.« less


Based on the 2013 surveillance data on disabled people, It would be classified into three factors about the use of assistive device with older adults with visual disabilities, inclusive of the demographic characteristics, economical factors, environmental and psychological factors. Using the Binary Logistic Regression Model, the related factors are analyzed. The result indicated that, if older adults with visual disabilities are insufficient to deal with daily life, they are the higher frequency of the use of assistive devices. In addition, older adults with visual disabilities who have higher income level and participation in basic social insurance are the higher frequency of the use of assistive devices. Moreover, among older adults with visual disabilities, the higher frequency of the use of assistive devices is in the central region in China, the rate of using assistive devices of the elderly people with visual disabilities who have received government or social support within one year is higher than that of others.


The combination of the multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) technology and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology becomes the key technology in 4G mobile telecommunication, which can be against frequency selective fading, increase the data transmission rate and improve the system capacity. The improved RLS algorithm with the adaptive forgetting factor in time-varying MIMO-OFDM system can improve the convergence rate and mean square error (MSE). The improved MIMO-OFDM system applied in the mine communication is a new try to solve the problem of multipath fading and to improve the quality and performance in the mine communication.


SUMMARY. In the present study, we evaluated the continuance and efficacy of inactivated vaccine against Salmonella Infantis (SI) in chickens raised on a commercial farm. Chickens (88-days-old) were inoculated with 1 or 0.5 doses of commercially available trivalent inactivated Salmonella vaccine; anti-SI antibody titer was examined continuously for 11 mo thereafter. Molting was induced 11 mo after vaccination, and SI was administered orally. SI colony-forming units (CFUs) were measured in cecal feces, cecal contents, liver, and spleen samples. Anti-SI antibodies in the 1 dose vaccination group could be detected in at least 90% of cases until the end of testing. SI discharge was significantly reduced in birds treated with either dose of vaccine. However, SI CFUs were elevated in the induced molting group, regardless of vaccination dose, particularly in the cecal feces, cecal contents, and spleen. Thus, the vaccine provided remarkable protection against SI infection under ordinary rearing methods but not during induced molting. To achieve sufficient SI protective efficacy, we recommend inoculation with 1 dose of vaccine. Moreover, the efficacy of inactivated Salmonella vaccine is recommended to be evaluated by challenging chickens with live Salmonella in addition to Salmonella antibody titration.


Analogue FIR-filters have been proposed for the realization of wideband array antennas, where they replace conventional amplitude/phase control and truetime-delay sections. The filter concept presented in this contribution employs one input and one output transmission line supporting traveling waves. The design has to be different to the traveling wave amplifier design because the signals fed through the bi-phase amplitude controls (attenuator, coefficients ai) to the output line are not inphase! We thus need high impedance at input and output ports of the attenuator circuits. A proof-of-concept circuit was designed and tested which employs three transistors and which operates at a "scaleddown" frequency band (VHF). A full FIR-filter structure with N = 4 sections was built and tested and will be compared to theoretical predictions.


Jolanta Szymkowska-Bartyzel Institute of American Studies and Polish Diaspora of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. Jozef Klyk is an over 60 year old amateur film maker from Silesia region of Poland who for over 30 years has directed over 50 westerns. All his western movies are made with 16mm Russian camera and the shooting is done on location in or near the village of Bojszowo, with the use of local people as actors and film crew Klyk's films are a premier on the icons and symbols of the American Wild West: cowboys, Indians, saloons and  'Wanted  'signs.  In  his  film  stories  the  Author  invokes the history of the American West and the history of Silesian villagers who in 1854 left for Texas and founded Panna Maria. The paper aims to examine the incorporation of the concept  of  this  classical  American  film  genre  with  its  main distinguishing  features  in  amateur  production  of  the  Polish director. It will focus on the ritual character of the genre movie and demonstrate how Klyk's western production is used by local community of the village of Bojszowo for ritual  purposes.  Reconstruction  of  village and rebuilding the history of Polish emigrants in Panna Maria within the form of film genre serve basic social function of expressing, fixing and reinforcing the shared values and beliefs of a community.


The attractive possibility that financial indices may be chaotic has been the subject of much study. In this paper we address two specific questions: "Masked by stochasticity, do financial data exhibit deterministic nonlinearity?", and "If so, so what?". We examine daily returns from three financial indicators: the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the London gold fixings, and the USD-JPY exchange rate. For each data set we apply surrogate data methods and nonlinearity tests to quantify determinism over a wide range of time scales (from 100 to 20,000 days). We find that all three time series are distinct from linear noise or conditional heteroskedastic models and that there therefore exists detectable deterministic nonlinearity that can potentially be exploited for prediction.


We analyse the spectrum of non-BPS branes in the type-I theory on the orbifold 4/4. We present a detailed analysis of the action of the worldsheet parity Ω on the different D-brane boundary state sectors of type IIB on 4/4, using the covariant formulation. Using these results we derive the spectrum of branes in the type-I orbifold. We find 2- and - charged non-BPS branes. A study of the stability of these branes in the type-I orbifold is also presented. We find that the type-I non-BPS D-particle and D-instanton remain stable in the orbifold. The D-particle carries no charge whereas the non-BPS D-instanton can carry twisted R-R charge.


In this paper a flexible model for correlation in high frequency data is proposed, which maintains the data's discrete nature and captures features such as asymmetry and excess zeros. The model uses an a theoretical approach based on that of an ARIMA model. This model works with price changes and does not restrict the size of the price change. The model employs a combination of different distributions to model price changes. An unbounded discrete distribution was used to model the size of the change combined with a multinomial to determine the direction of the change and provide an excess number of zeros. A binominal thinning operator was used to model the correlation. The model was estimated for correlation in high frequency share price and exchange rate data. Results are presented for seven data sets. Two have an excess number of zeros and four exhibit asymmetry. An ARCH equation can be readily incorporated into the model, but the results here demonstrate that an excess number of zeros can be misinterpreted as ARCH when a continuous model is fitted.


Agricultural are significant sources of N2O emission. Lampung, Indonesia is an area dominated by agriculture including crops that emit N2O on their cultivation practices especially the fertilizers: paddy and vegetables. Last census in 2015 recorded that paddy fields were 1.321.120 ha and vegetables 99,284 ha with fertilizers recommendations were 200 kg/ha urea (without organic materials) and 150 kg/ha urea (if added with 2 tons/ha manure). This study aimed to estimate and predict N2O emissions based on the paddy field area using IPCC 2006 model. The IPCC model was applied to the paddy field data 1993 to 2012 from the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture to estimate the N2O emission and then using Box Jenkins model to predict the emission for following years. The results showed that the prediction of N2O emission on the following years would be in the range of 0.2820.451Gg/year using only synthetic fertilizer and if added with organic fertilizers would be 5,846-9,359 Gg/year. These results were lower compared to some countries; however, this result was not implied that fertilizer recommendations in Lampung were safe since the results came from default numbers of the model. More researches should be conducted that local emission factors would be available that fertilizer recommendation could be evaluated.


1. Nicole E. Rogers, MD, FISHRS (nicolerogers11{at}yahoo.com)
 1. Metairie, Louisiana, USA

Harel, S., et al. Pharmacologic inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling promotes hair growth. Scie Adv. 2015; 1:e1500973.

Last year, inhibitors of the Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer such as Xeljanz (


Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Background The incidence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) among patients on high-dose steroid therapy is not well established, and few guidelines exist to help guide decisions regarding prophylaxis. We assessed provider prescribing practices regarding pneumocystis prophylaxis and conducted a retrospective chart review of 306 PJP cases at a tertiary care center to identify preventable cases and target interventions to reduce harm. Methods We surveyed providers regarding their threshold to initiate PJP prophylaxis among patients receiving steroid therapy. Subsequently, all encounters with a positive PJP PCR from sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage from June 2012 to November 2018 were reviewed for signs and symptoms, radiographic imaging, laboratory tests, and expert consultation consistent with a clinical diagnosis of PJP. Cases were reviewed for steroid exposure within 3 months before diagnosis to identify at-risk populations. We defined high dose steroids as prednisone 20 mg or higher for a period greater than 4 weeks. Results Most survey respondents used their own clinical judgment in place of published guidelines (65%), though the majority used prednisone 20 mg as their threshold to prescribe PJP prophylaxis. Of 214 encounters with a clinical diagnosis of PJP, 65 (30%) cases were considered potentially preventable as they received high-dose steroid therapy without PJP prophylaxis. Of these 65 cases, 13 deaths occurred with PJP or its complications as a cause of death. We recommend consideration of prophylaxis in all patients on prednisone 20 mg or higher for greater than 4 weeks, especially if on concomitant immunosuppression.


Background: Poor responders constitute a less fortunate group of patients attending any IVF/ICSI clinic. Identifying these patients helps in choosing the most appropriate stimulation protocol. Aim: This is a randomized controlled prospective study that aimed to study the effect of adding letrozole to GnRH antagonist protocol in poor responders undergoing ICSI. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on a sample of 70 infertile couple, thirty five patients in each group, five cases were canceled in group I (letrozole/antagonist group), while six patients in group II (antagonist group) canceled the cycle. In group I, letrozole 5mg was given from day 2 cycle for 5 days. Initial dose of HMG 300 I.U from day three cycle, then the dose was modulated according to response in both groups and ICSI was done. The women were followed to detect the occurrence of pregnancy by measuring serum B-hCG 14 day after embryo transfer and clinical pregnancy was followed up at 6th week of gestation. Results: The dose of HMG was significantly lower in group I than in group II, while there were no significant statistical differences in the duration of stimulation, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, implantation rate, cycle cancelation rate, and clinical pregnancy rate with adding letrozole to GnRH antagonist cycles in women with POR. Conclusion: Letrozole is recommended to be added to ICSI stimulation protocols in poor responders. Although it didn't affect the pregnancy rate, letrozole decreases the dose and the cost of ICSI cycles.


The security of state estimation in critical networked infrastructure such as the transportation and electricity (smart grid) networks is an increasingly important topic. Here, the problem of recursive estimation and model validation for linear discrete-time systems with partial prior information is examined. Further, detection of false-data attacks on robust recursive estimators of this type is considered. The framework considered in this work is stochastic. An underlying linear discrete-time system is considered where the statistics of the driving noise is assumed to be known only partially. A set-valued estimator is then derived and the conditional expectation is shown to belong to an ellipsoidal set consistent with the measurements and the underlying noise description. When the underlying noise is consistent with the underlying partial model and a sequence of realized measurements is given then the ellipsoidal, set-valued, estimate is computable using a Kalman filter-type algorithm. A group of attacking entities is then introduced with the goal of compromising the integrity of the state estimator by hijacking the sensor and distorting its output. It is shown that in order for the attack to go undetected, the distorted measurements need to be carefully designed.


coated with a technical veneer, obscuring the political dimensions of the decisions. The propensity to reduce political difficulties to economic problems and then to reduce those to technical puzzles is surely the most common and dangerous of misconceptions. If it is a misconception inherent in politics, it is frightening to think of nuclear power plants or nuclear weapons. Rather than conflict between technocracy and democracy, what the authors show is that precious little technical expertise was involved. It was more Babbit than Arrowsmith. No matter, for where the five airports failed, demand has not reached forecast levels. Nor was democracy itself at stake in the self-interested protests. The least convincing parts of the book are the authors' attempts to relate civic protest to the fundamental tenets of democratic and liberal theory. What Feldman and Milch have shown is that it was all politics, a force strong enough even to bend the technological imperative to suit its will. Factual assertions and empirical generalizations often refer to the authors' other publications from this research rather than the primary material. There is little quotation from the interviews; aggregate data are eschewed. Instead, this book concentrates on general impressions and interpretations of the events. It is well organized and clearly expressed with an adequate index. Students of public policy and political theory will find it rewarding.


Purpose: Several studies suggest that the initial hematocrit (Hct) concentration is an indicator of severity in acute pancreatitis. Pseudocyst formation, a complication of acute pancreatitis, occurs more frequently in the severe cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether initial Hct concentration can be used as a predictor of pseudocyst formation. Methods: A search of admission records at Long Island Jewish Hospital in Queens, New York from January 2000 to December 2001 generated 192 patients who were admitted with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Seventeen (8.8%) developed a pseudocyst during the hospital admission (case group). Using frequency matching for age and sex at a 3:1 (control:case) ratio, a control group was selected from the remaining patients with acute pancreatitis. Only patients with at least one CT scan of the abdomen during their hospitalization were included in the study. Etiology of the pancreatitis, initial Hct concentration and Ranson's score were recorded. Results: Sixty-eight patients (17 cases, 51 controls) were included in the study. The etiology of the pancreatitis was similar in both groups. There was no difference in the initial Hct concentration between those who developed a pseudocyst and those who did not (42.2 6.4 mg/dl vs 42.1 5.4 mg/dl, p 0.93). Also, no difference was found in the Ranson's score between the two groups (2.88 1.2 vs 2.84 1.5, p 0.93). The average pseudocyst size was 6.5 cm in the largest diameter. Location of pseudocysts in the head, body and tail of the pancreas was 26.7%, 46.7% and 26.7% respectively.


Directive 36 of the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services gives guidance to health care professionals on the reactive administration of contraceptives to women in instances of isolated rape. This paper examines the moral permissibility of long-term proactive contraceptive use in instances of repeated marital rape by comparing it to the moral permissibility of reactive contraceptive use in cases of isolated rape found in directive 36.


Abstract: The Book of Acts mentions a decree by Claudius which was instrumental in bringing Prisca and Aquila to Corinth (Acts 18,2) both of whom are greeted at the end of the letter to the Romans (Rom 16,3). It is commonly held that Prisca and Aquila could return to Rome only after Claudius had died and many of his decrees had been abolished. However, common legal practice in Rome seems to make it possible – if not even probable – that the decree mentioned in Acts was not acted on after order had been restored to the Jewish community in Rome. Thus, an earlier return is possible. In addition, Aquila is not greeted by Paul as a fellow of the same kin (συγγενής). This raises the question whether the greetings in the letter to the Romans can be used to deduce the composition of the Christian community in Rome with regard to the percentage of Jewish and Gentile members.


Ceramic catalyst without precious metals and rare-earth elements is a promising technology for removing volatile organic compounds (VOC) produced in the manufacturing process to feasibly solve worldwide health and environmental problems. We first investigate the influence of hydroxyapatite (HAp)/TiO2 heterojunction formation on the temperature dependence of VOC catalytic performance. The comprehensive evaluation by XRD, FT-IR, UV–vis, and in situ ESR clarifies that the anisotropic crystal distortion along the c-axis of HAp lattice is caused by hydrolysis and hetero-condensation of TiO2 precursor accompanying with the defective structure in HAp. The structural modified HAp (m-HAp) provides the notable alteration of optical bandgap with the visible-light coloration and the preferential generation of oxygen radicals. Furthermore, we propose a new model that the m-HAp/TiO2 heterojunction should be a possible main factor affecting the more than twice higher catalytic performance in thermal oxidation of ethyl acetate at a lower temperature, as typically shown in HAp-T1.


ponens: From (ax) (a2) . . . (an)A D B and A to infer B. The present note shows that weakened modus ponens, i.e., the rule: From A D B and A to infer B, will serve for this purpose. For let the complete list of variables with respect to which a schema (a1)(a2) . .. (an)A is initially universally quantified be just ax , a2 , . . . , an . Then («!)(«.() . . . (an)A will be called quasi-monadic if and only if the result of substituting a distinct constant for all the free occurrences of each of a1 , a 2 , . . . , an in A has not more than one individual-variable argument for each functional variable. Then the validity of a quasi-monadic schema can be tested mechanically. Since * 100-103 of XVII 149 are all quasi-monadic, and since, when supplemented by modus ponens they are sufficient for quantification theory, it follows that all of quantification theory may be derived by a mechanical process and the rule of weakened modus ponens alone. The paper suggests a mild confusion in the author's mind between a valid monadic schema and a monadically valid schema, which is any schema obtainable from one of the former by substitution. Strictly speaking, Quine's result was that monadically valid schemata plus generalized modus ponens suffice. VACLAV EDVARD BENES


It is believed that the box absorber utilizes viscous forces present in micro-slits on their surfaces to absorb sound [8]. These box absorbers were developed through research at SINTEF and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, and current research has tested this sound absorbing technology in standing wave tubes and in a controlled reverberation room. This paper seeks to confirm the sound absorbing characteristics in a less-than-ideal test setup to model how the box absorbers would perform acoustically in an actual installation. It also explores different configurations of the box absorbers in attempts to achieve more sound absorption. To test this, twelve configurations of ten to eleven box absorbers were placed in a reverberation room and the reverberation time of the room was measured in third-octave frequency bands in order to obtain an amount of sound absorption in sabins per module. The sound absorption was confirmed for configurations similar to those tested and published by the manufacturer, though results show that the sound absorption is not as consistent; therefore the box absorbers would not have as strong of an effect in an actual installation as published data may indicate. Tests of different configurations showed that a box absorber with two surfaces of micro-slits exposed to the original sound field gives significantly more sound absorption across the band of frequencies, and a double layer of the micro-slotted surface forming two equal cavities within the box absorber gives a significant improvement in sound absorption above 500 Hz. Thesis Supervisor: Nicholas Makris Title: Associate Professor of Mechanical and Ocean Engineering


This paper evaluated qualitatively the ALA content of non-germ-ends of seeds from reciprocal cross between the fatty acid variant line E_(1747) and Neiya No.3 of linseed through the spot-test and the half-seed method, as well as making germ-ends of selected low-ALA seeds regenerating seedlings. The result showed that we evaluated qualitatively reciprocal cross offspring seeds through spot-test, and we screened the materials that the oil spot color of non-germ-ends through staining lighter than parent of Neiya No.3. The ALA content of materials was low. We cultured these germ-ends of materials and made them regenerate seedlings. The method that we screened, preservated and bred low-ALA materials was reliable. The procedure of regenerative seedlings by the half-seed method as follows: traversing the seed into halves under aseptic condition→inoculating the germ-end on the sterilized-wet filter in culture dish→culturing for 16h under light at 20℃ and for 8h under darkness at 15℃→transplanting the seedling into the smaller nutritive cube→training the seedling for one day in shady condition→culturing the seedling under room temperature and light condition→transplanting the seedling into the bigger nutritive cube, when it grew to the height of 5cm.


In a note printed in the April number of these Publications, I called attention to the apparent proper motion of one of the two components of the wide pair 2 972, rej., and suggested the possibility that the fainter component, which is a close pair (A 3038), might be the one in motion. A letter just received from Professor Schorr, however, states that the available meridian observations, including the Tacubaya astrographic measures, give no indication of marked proper motion in either component. Professor Schorr's summary follows :


A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(3-D CFD) model of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) is presented to explain the characteristic of its behavior. Many researchers have numerically studied small(∼10-50cm 2 ) single cell PEMFC systems. But 3-D numerical model of the commercial-sized PEMFC with reacting area on the order of 200∼ cm 2 is still hard to perform effectively. This study applies 3-D CFD model to a commercial-sized(250cm) PEMFC selected from research models to show its usefulness. Various types of bi-polar plate channel including standard serpentine shaped gas flow channel are proposed and examined. The model results indicate that forced gas flow induced by the modified gas channel improves mass transport of oxygen to, and water removal from, the catalyst layer, thus producing higher current density as compared with the initial shape. The effects of operating conditions like humidity, including temperature effect, and gas flow rates are also studied. Cathode flooding or membrane dehydrating conditions could be expected through numerical analysis.


The Government of Hong Kong is currently instigating a major drainage improvement strategy designed to solve urban flooding problems by 2004. As part of this improvement in flood protection standards, stormwater drainage systems are being improved to alleviate public concern. Derek Arnold and Luke Leung, Binnie Black & Veatch Hong Kong Ltd, describe an underground flood alleviation scheme currently underway at Tai Hang Tung, Hong Kong.


The purpose of this study is to discuss implications for government policy aimed at increasing public's intention to accept AI. Knowledge regarding AI and feelings regarding AI were found to influence acceptance to intention towards AI. Hierarchical regression analysis was then conducted to explore the moderation effect of confidence in government on knowledge and feelings regarding AI. Results showed that as advanced knowledge regarding AI has a positive influence on acceptance intention towards AI and negative feelings regarding AI has a negative influence on acceptance intention towards AI. Feelings regarding AI had the highest impact on acceptance intention towards AI, followed by confidence in government and knowledge regarding AI. Results also revealed that a high level of confidence in government regulations was associated with greater acceptance intention towards AI and a low level of confidence in government regulations acceptance intention towards AI was more influenced by feelings regarding AI than by knowledge regarding AI. Furthermore, religion had a significant influence on acceptance intention towards AI, which provides one insightful direction for future research.


The external nose is one of the body structures that continue to modify and enlarge throughout life, well beyond the attainment of skeletal maturity. The objective of the current study was to measure: 1. normal sex-related dimensions of external nose (linear distances, ratios, angles, volume and surface area); and 2. growth changes between childhood and old age. The 3D coordinates of several soft-tissue landmarks on the external nose were obtained by a non-invasive, computerized digitizer in 519 male and 340 female healthy subjects aged 4-73 years. The subjects were divided into 11 non overlapping age groups. From the landmarks, nasal volume and external surface area; nasal and alar base widths, nasal height, nasal bridge length, philtrum length, nasal tip protrusion, right and left nostril lengths, superior and inferior nostril widths; nasal tip protrusion-to-nasal height, and nasal width-to-nasal height ratios; nasal convexity, alar slope, and nasal tip angles were calculated, and averaged for age and sex. Comparisons were performed by factorial analysis of variance. On average, men had larger nasal external volume and area, linear distances and nasal width-to-height ratio than women (p < 0.01); no sex differences were found for the angles and the nasal tip protrusion-to-nasal height ratio. Age significantly influenced all analyzed measurements (p < 0.001): nasal volume, area, linear distances increased from childhood to old age, while the nasal tip angle decreased as a function of age. No consistent age-related patterns were found for the ratios and the nasal convexity and alar slope angles. Men and women had different age-related patterns, with significant sex by age interactions (p < 0.001). Overall, in most occasions male increments in nasal dimensions were larger than female ones. Data collected in the present investigation could serve as a data base for the quantitative description of human nasal morphology during normal growth, development and aging. Forensic applications (evaluations of traumas, craniofacial alterations, teratogenic-induced conditions, facial reconstruction, aging of living and dead persons, personal identification) may also benefit from ageand sexbased data banks.


The conjecture that investor sentiment leads important groups of investors to act similarly and thereby affect prices is an important ingredient of models of noise trading and style investing. In contrast to Lakonishok et al. (1992), who find only weak evidence of herding among institutional investors and conjecture that retail investors will herd even less, we document that a sample of over 30,000 retail clients at a German broker exhibits a strong tendency to herd at daily and quarterly horizons. Furthermore, we find a negative correlation between returns and retail buying which is entirely due to negative returns triggering the execution of limit buy orders (and positive returns triggering the execution of limit sell orders). Once we confine our attention to market orders, the correlation between retail buying and returns turns positive, especially for stocks in which retail investors own a comparatively high fraction of the company. Our results further strengthen the case for a positive impact of individual investor sentiment on returns, as suggested by Ofek and Richardson (2003) and Dorn (2002). ∗Graduate School of Business, Columbia University; 311 Uris Hall; 3022 Broadway; New York, NY 10027; Email: firstname.lastname@example.com †Graduate School of Business, Columbia University; 807 Uris Hall; 3022 Broadway; New York, NY 10027; Email: firstname.lastname@example.com ‡Corresponding author; Finance Group, FEE, Universiteit van Amsterdam; Roetersstaat 11; 1018 WB Amsterdam; The Netherlands; Email: email@example.com


This is an introduction to the Gut tutorial "Dyspnoea in a patient with cirrhosis" hosted on BMJ Learning—the best available learning website for medical professionals from the BMJ Group.

Clinical assessment, investigation and management of breathlessness in patients with chronic liver disease can be challenging and is often poorly performed or ignored. The …


The equations that determine the response of a charged particle moving in a magnetic field to an incident gravi- tational wave (GW) are derived in the linearized approximation to general relativity. We briefly discuss several astrophysical applications of the derived formulae, taking into account the resonance between the wave and the particle's motion that occurs at!g = 2, whenever the GW is parallel to the constant magnetic field. In the case where the GW is perpendicular to the constant magnetic field, magnetic resonances appear at!g =and!g = 2. Such a resonant mechanism may be useful in building models of GW-driven cyclotron emitters.


The optimal management strategy for women with low‐grade biopsy‐proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is not clear. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of regular colposcopic follow‐up and treatment of progressive disease only versus immediate treatment.


The timetabling problem is concerned with the allocation, subject to constraints, of given resources to objects in space and time in such way as to satisfy as nearly as possible a set of desirable objectives. This problem is known to be NP-complete and as such only combinatorial optimization methods can guarantee an optimal timetable. In this paper we propose a sector-based genetic algorithm for solving a university weekly courses timetabling problem. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the algorithm is promising.


Rivers in historical cities, such as the Arno River in Florence, are typically characterised by unique complex‐shaped hydraulic structures (such as bridges and weirs). The flow interaction with these structures can lead to a fully 3D flow field which cannot be properly investigated with commonly employed 1D, and even 2D, hydraulic models. Nowadays, 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools can be successfully used in river management context. Florence is characterised by a high risk of flooding and the disastrous consequences of such events being greatly increased due to its inestimable artistic heritage. The main cause of flooding is the limited hydraulic conveyance capacity of the Arno River in Florence due to several complex hydraulic structures along the reach. The present work represents the first 3D hydraulic model of the Arno River in the urban reach of Florence. The geometric model was created using the 3D bed topography of the river surveyed in 2015. The hydraulic model was calibrated and validated using discharge and water stage field data measured in 2016. The 3D model can be used as a more realistic tool for exploring mitigation solutions for the reduction of hydraulic risk.


In this paper, the problem of adaptive robust model tracking for nonlinear dynamical systems with parameter uncertainties and unmatched disturbances is studied. It is assumed that the parameter uncertainties and the bounds of the unmatched disturbances are unknown. For tracking reference model, a kind of adaptive robust controller is proposed. The uniform ultimate boundedness of the error between state $x(t)$ and the state $x_{r}(t)$ of the reference model can be guaranteed by the proposed controller in the presence of parameter uncertainties and unmatched disturbances. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


The flex power FPGA can flexibly control speed and power in a trade-off relationship by a flexible assignment of proper threshold voltage generated from body-bias units to transistors. This paper evaluates static power consumption and an area-overhead by the body-bias units on various threshold voltage control granularity in the flex power FPGA. There is also a trade-off relationship between the static power consumption and the area-overhead for granular control of the threshold voltages. Both a grain size and its style of division have a strong influence on the trade-off. Own evaluation results show that static power reduces less than 1/5 of original level, while increase an area overhead of less than 40%. If an area increase of 50% is allowed, then the reduction in static power consumption to 1/10 or less is obtained


In diffraction tomography, the generalized Radon theorem relates the Fourier Transform (FT) of the diffracted field to the two-dimensional FT of the diffracting object. The relation stands on algebraic contours, which are semi-circles in the case of Born or Rytov first order linear approximations. We propose a Maximum Entropy method to reconstruct the object from either the Fourier domain data or directly from the original diffracted field measurements. To do this, we give a new definition for the entropy of an object considered as a function of R2to C. To take into account the presence of noise, a χ2statistics is added to the entropy measure. The objective function thus obtained is minimized using variational techniques and a conjugate-gradient iterative method. The computational cost and practical implementation of the algorithm are discussed. Some simulated results are given which compare this new method with the classical ones.


GOTTSCHALK, CARL W. MARGARET MYLLE. Micropuncture study of the mammalian urinary concentrating mechanism: evidence for the countercurrent hypothesis. Am. J. Physiol. 196(4):927-936. 1959.-The osmolality was determined of fluid collected by micropuncture from proximal and distal convolutions, loops of Henle, collecting ducts and vasa recta of kidneys of various rodents with and without osmotic diuresis. Proximal tubular fluid was isosmotic; in the presence of antidiuretic hormone, early distal fluid was hypo-osmotic due to the prior reabsorption of sodium chloride, and late distal fluid again isosmotic. The hyperosmotic concentration of the urine is established in the collecting ducts, apparently as a consequence, in part at least, of the hyperosmotic reabsorption of sodium chloride in the loops of Henle. Fluid from the bends of loops of Henle, and from collecting ducts and vasa recta at the same level were equally hyperosmotic, consistent with the hypothesis that the mammalian nephron functions as a countercurrent multiplier system. The vasa recta are believed to play an important role in the concentration of the urine by functioning as countercurrent diffusion exchangers. I N THEIR CLASSICAL mammalian micropuncture study, Walker et a!. (1) demonstrated that fluid from Bowman's capsule and the first two-thirds of the proximal tubule of rats, guinea pigs and one opossum, was isosmotic with plasma while the kidney was elaborating hyperosmotic urine. They also collected three samples from distal convolutions, two of which were hypoosmotic, the third, isosmotic. The physiological condition of these animals is probably best characterized as a state of mild diuresis, resulting from the intravenous infusion of 10% sucrose or 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Earlier, Walker et a!. (2) had demonstrated that fluid from proximal convoluted tubules of Necturi and frogs was essentially isosmotic with Received for publication September 8, 1958. 'This research was supported by grants from the American Heart Association and Public Health Service grant H-2334. 2Reported in part before the American Physiological Society, Philadelphia, Pa., April, 1958. A few of these data have appeared in a brief note in Science 128: 594, 1958. 3This work was done during the tenure of an Established Investigatorship of the American Heart Association. AIJTH#{243}R'S#{149}COMMENTARY