A study showing a detailed phonetic analyses of a 61 year-old monolingual female English speaker is presented. There is considerable variability among reported cases of FAS in terms of phonetic characteristics and impairments. The speaker, LA, is a monolingual English-speaking Canadian Woman and she was 61-year old when the data were collected. One day three years after the accident, her family member observed noticeable changes in her speech such as word searching, stuttering, and a robotic style of speech. Upon request by the family members, the third author visited the speaker and collected the speech recordings through sessions with the patient The collected recordings range from simple read sentences to passages, and to spontaneous description of pictures. Typical stress-timed languages such as English have complex syllable structure and tend to have reduced vowels in unstressed positions.


A robust, perspex light-trap designed for capture of settlement stage coastal fishes is described. Trials with this light-trap were conducted in the entrance channel to Durban harbour over four nights, each a week apart during September and October 1996. Larvae and settlement stage fishes of 22 teleost families representative of the ichthyofauna of the study area were captured. Clupeidae (72.3%), Tripterygiidae (7.9%), Gobiidae (7.7%), Blenniidae (5.0%) and Sparidae (3.9%) contributed most of the catch. Although variable, in comparison to other international studies, mean catch rate was high at 241 fish per hour. Excluding clupeoids, mean catch rate was 67 fish per hour with Sparidae, a target group for future recruitment studies, contributing a mean catch rate of 14 fish per hour. Construction of the trap was cost-effective and it proved to be robust and reliable over the trial period.


The face and hands are less discoloured now than two years ago, when the patient gave up working with oil as a gun-barrel rifler, an occupation which he pursued for thirty years. The skin does not irritate much, but scales a great deal. There is no history of weakness or of swelling of the eyelids. Previoius diseases.-Mild eczema of the legs while a boy. Nervous breakdown at the age of 20. On examination.-The skin is dry, scaly and shows fine wrinkling. On the sides of the chest and abdomen there are vertical, slightly depressed and pigmented streaks. On the abdomen there are three well-marked patches of discoloration, which show erythema, atrophy and pigmentation in a reticular pattern. Back: Over both scapule, posterior axillary folds and both iliac crests, there are areas of reticular erythema and pigmentation. Over the small of the back there are raised transverse linear lesions. These are palpable and resemble mildly hypertrophic scars. There is no history of injury in this region. Legs: There is a livid discoloration, and scaling and patches of erythema, atrophy and pigmentation on thighs and buttocks. The lower legs show ichthyotic scale, atrophy and pigmentation. There are areas of lichenification on both ankles. Arms: There are patches of poikiloderma on both arms. Mucose normal. On some of the discoloured patches there are small lichenoid papules. Blood count within normal limits. Wassermann reaction negative. Histology.-The corium shows an infiltrate with lymphocytes in upper third. There is cedema. The arrectores pili muscles show vacuolation and degeneration. The dermoepidermal junction is flattened. There is cedema of the prickle and basal cells. Treatment.-Course of calciferol. Course of testosterone injections. Neither had any effect on the skin lesions.


A model for the study of delayed hypersensitivity to hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) in guinea pigs was designed. Guinea pigs immunized with purified HAA plus Freund's complete adjuvant developed a positive skin reaction when they were inoculated intradermally with HAA 17 to 35 days later. This reaction is characterized by erythema and induration that reaches a maximum at 24 to 36 hr and then subsides over the next 48 hr. Histologic examination of the skin lesions shows an infiltrate of predominantly mononuclear cells. Heating HAA for 1 min at 37 C, 57 C, 75 C, or 98 C does not modify its activity as an immunizing or skin-reactive agent.


Although process control has been extensively studied in injection molding, the process still relies on experienced engineers to tune the processing parameters on the shop floor today. Hence, due to the inconsistent product quality, excessive manpower is still needed for meeting production requirements in the industry. In this paper, an optimization algorithm based on two-linked Radial Based Function Networks (RBFN) models with multi-losses criteria capable of controlling the part quality has been studied. The objective is to automatically control the process with little operator intervention. First, processing parameters, geometry of the mold, and properties of resins are entered into a Computer Aided Engineering program for finding the processing window. Design of Experiment procedures are conducted with the CAE results for using inputs and outputs on training of networks in order to establish both a process controller and a quality predictor. Then, the controller and predictor are employed for on-line regulating part qualities. Final experimental results have indicated that the controller can automatically adjust the machine settings and reduce the fluctuations of part qualities from shot to shot. Conclusively, the product qualities are satisfactorily controlled under no operator intervention.


The paper proposes a batch-fired straw boiler model, which is used to control the temperature of the combustion chamber. This model describes a boiler which consists of a combustion chamber and a water jacket. The combustion chamber is blown by the adjustable air mass flow, which is used for straw combustion in the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber heats a water jacket, which in turn transfers heat to the external circulation. The model is nonlinear because of the straw combustion process. Apart from this process, the other components of the model are linear and describe mass and heat transfer. The boiler model has single input and single output (SISO). The input of the model is the air mass flow and the output is the temperature of the combustion chamber. Based on the presented model, one proposed a closed-loop system to control the temperature of the combustion chamber. The closed-loop system consists of the classical PID controller, model of the whole plant and some inverse transfer function of the nonlinear part of the whole model. In this way, there is calculated a time response of the air mass flow, which results a reference value of the temperature of the combustion chamber. The paper presents results of simulation of this closed-loop system in MATLAB/Simulink.


Design of mechanical features such as spacers, retainers and/or cell shoulders used to locate and constrain lens components within a mount entails application of geometric relationships that depend upon the types of glass-to-metal interfaces to be provided. This paper describes the pertinent geometry of the most common surface-contact interface types (`sharp corner', spherical, tangential and toroidal) and gives equations for locating key features of the mechanical parts relative to the associated lens vertices. Examples illustrate the use of these equations to dimension mechanical features in typical lens/mount configurations.


The aims of this paper were to examine the relationships between motor memory strategies,memory monitoring and motor memory. The results displayed that there were no significant relationships between motor memory strategies and motor memory. There were significant relationships between memory monitoring and motor memory.


Twenty-one spontaneous cardiac tumors were detected in 2610 Fischer 344 rats. Nineteen of them were diagnosed as fibroma molle and the remainder as hemangioma. Tumor-bearing animals were 92- to 109-week-old. The hemangiomas were in the subendocardial region of the right ventricle and characteristic of capillary hemangioma. All the fibromas were confined within the myocardium; 10 of them were located in the right ventricular wall, 4 in the left ventricular wall, and 5 in the interventricular septem.


The algorithm for constructing expert systems through training multilayer artificial neural  network. The algorithm optimization scales artificial network method Leuven Berg-Marquardt. Efficiency studies of ANN shown on the instrument classification of EEG.


The coming ocean observing system provides an unprecedented opportunity to change both the public perception of our ocean, and to inspire, captivate and motivate our children, our young adults and our peers to pursue careers allied with the ocean and to become stewards of our Planet's ocean. Within this context educators participating in the Ocean Research Interactive Observatory Networks Workshop (January 2004) and in the Integrated Ocean Observing System-Coastal Ocean Observing System and Education Workshop (March 2004) collectively sought to articulate recommendations for education allied with ocean observing systems (global, coastal, in situ and remote sensing). At these workshops an education network was initiated and workshop recommendations called for creation of a collaborative framework to support and develop the network. This collaborative framework is to be established from existing education networks, be nationally coordinated through a coordinating center and embedded in a larger geography and Earth and space system science education collaborative. Recommendations address several other topics including identification of thematic areas and classes of education activities, availability of data and learning materials in forms that are useful and usable by educators, creating new learning materials where gaps exist, and ensuring that all citizens, especially those from underserved and underrepresented populations are engaged in ocean careers. Discussions will focus on these community recommendations, the developing plan, and opportunities for participation


Progression of drug resistance among bacterial and fungal pathogens justifies the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Thus, a series of novel sulphamethoxazole-based ureas and imidazolidine-2,4,5-triones have been designed and synthesised. The urea derivatives were obtained by the reaction of sulphamethoxazole and isocyanates, and their cyclisation to imidazolidine-2,4,5-triones was performed via oxalyl chloride. All synthesised derivatives were evaluated in vitro to determine their activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and atypical mycobacteria and their cytotoxicity. The growth of mycobacteria was inhibited within the range of 4–1000 µM and M. tuberculosis was the least-susceptible strain. 4-(3-Heptylureido)-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)benzenesulphonamide was identified as the most promising compound because it exhibited the highest activity against atypical mycobacteria at minimum inhibitory concentrations, from 4 µM, and with acceptable toxicity (selectivity indices for M. avium and M. kansasii higher than 16 and 62.5, respectively). Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, were inhibited at concentrations starting from 125 µM, whereas the investigated derivatives exhibited almost no antifungal potency and activity against gram-negative species.


The effect of transition-metal substitution for Fe on the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, 'of compounds Lu2(Fe1-xTx)3Si5, where T=Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Ru, is reported. In every instance, Tc of the host compound Lu2Fe3Si5(Tc=6.11 K) is reduced by the addition of other transition metals. An analysis of the data within the framework of the theory due to Kaiser suggests the depression of Tc is due to the formation of a nonmagnetic resonance state.


Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease affecting the colon. Even with various conventional therapeutic interventions, cure rate of this disease is very less. Ayurvedic interventions have been very useful in reducing the symptomatology of this disease. This is a case report of UC, managed following Ayurvedic principles, which focused on the reduction of symptoms and also improve the quality of life of the patient. The patient presented with an increased frequency of stools mixed with blood, mucous, and pus and occasionally pus mixed mucous discharge per rectum for the past 8 months. Colonoscopy reported segmental colitis and histopathology study of colonic mucosa was compatible with the active phase of UC. Based on symptomatology and pathogenesis, the patient was diagnosed with suffering from Pittadhika Sannipata Atisara on Ayurvedic grounds. Pitta Vatasamana, Grahi, Raktha sthambhana, and Vranaropana were the principles of treatment employed. The assessment was done using the Partial Mayo score before and after 45 days of management. The Partial Mayo score reduced from eight to one after 45 days of intervention. The outcome was promising with good subjective relief and patient satisfaction.


1. "Weltliteratur" ("World literature"). Goethe and a programmatic concept of literature 2. Stimmen der Völker in Liedern (Voices of the Peoples in Songs). Herder's collection of poetry and folk songs 3. Constructing 'world poetry' in the 20 century I Hans Magnus Enzensberger's Museum (1960, 1979/80) 4. Constructing 'world poetry' in the 20 century II Harald Hartung's Luftfracht (Air Freight) (1991) 5. Inventing 'world poetry' in the 20 century III: Joachim Sartorius' Atlas (1996) 6. Constructing 'world poetry' in the 20 century IV: Raoul Schrott's Die Erfindung der Poesie (The Invention of Poetry) (1997) Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch


1. Litters of mice, Mus musculus, of the highly inbred strain A2G/Tb, were reduced to four at birth and cross‐fostered within and between three classes: (i) bred at 21° C (controls); (ii) the first generation reared at −3° C ('new stock'); (iii) the seventeenth to twenty‐third generations reared at −3° C ('old stock'). There were therefore nine classes of fostered mice.


The lead-zinc ore in Jinshiling Mine is characterized by high contents of Ph and S(Ph 13.35%,Zn 4.58% and S 29.83%).Lead and zinc mineral are disseminated in the ore heterogeneously and the size of the minerals changes widely. The beneficiation process studied consists of multi-stage grinding, straight selective flotation, etc.and satisfactory results have been obtained in tile laboratory close-circuit tests.The grade and recovery of Pb in the lead concentrate are 58. 80% and 81.17%,the grade and recovery of Zn in the zinc concentrate are 41.39% and 55.08%,respectively.


Influence of a geometric transformation to positional accuracy of geographic objects is discussed in this contribution. Firstly, transformation parameters are estimated with the aid of ground control points (GCP) by Bayesian approach. Secondly, probability distribution of position of transformed object is derived. Uncertainty of input data in both steps are simultaneously processed during the proposed procedure. Therefore the procedure enables exact statistical assessment of the resulting spatial information. Finally, the procedure is illustrated on example of linear conform transformation that is frequently used in practice.


Based on summing up the general situation of the engineering of Yujiang Bridge on Nanning-Guangzhou Railway Line,this paper introduces the principles and features of mass underwater concrete non-subdivision bottom-sealing construction technology,and from aspects of the key processes before concreting,the layout of catheters and measuring ropes,the pouring of first sealing concrete,the pouring of other bottom-sealing concrete,and the measurement and control of bottom-sealing concrete,etc.,expounds the construction technologies adopted in the key processes of this engineering for providing references for the similar engineering.


SummaryA study has been made of the effect of homologous liver, thymus and spleen DNA on the survival and recovery of fertility of male rats irradiated in the infantile period with a dose of 600 r.The results have shown that rats 17 days old, irradiated and treated with homologous DNA extracted from liver, thymus and spleen, survive radiation disease.A study of fertility has shown that DNA isolated from the organs mentioned above is able to recover the function of the reproductive organs of male rats.Malformations of the progeny in the first generation have been investigated in all these experiments.


Abstract : A discussion is presented of the test and evaluation of the HARDIMAN I left arm assembly. The HARDIMAN I prototype is powered exoskeletal harness which will amplify man's strength and endurance while retaining his versatility and dexterity. The objective of the arm test was to investigate human factors and servo performance while lifting a load.


In this paper, we obtained three different methods of order two four and six, for solution of a class of fourth order two-point boundary value problems. We developed the three boundary formulas of second fourth and sixth order. The convergence of second order method is proved without assuming that the arising system of linear equation to be monotone, so that the restriction on the choice of the function ( ) f x in (1) have been relaxed and is needed to be nonnegative on [ , ] a b only. Two examples are solved and results are tabulated and compared with [10] to show the accuracy of presented methods.


Abstract. Feature extraction has always been a difficult problem in the classification performance of synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition (SAR-ATR). It is very important to select discriminative features to train a classifier, which is a prerequisite. Inspired by the great success of convolutional neural network (CNN), we address the problem of SAR target classification by proposing a feature extraction method, which takes advantage of exploiting the extracted deep features from CNNs on SAR images to introduce more powerful discriminative features and robust representation ability for them. First, the pretrained VGG-S net is fine-tuned on moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition (MSTAR) public release database. Second, after a simple preprocessing is performed, the fine-tuned network is used as a fixed feature extractor to extract deep features from the processed SAR images. Third, the extracted deep features are fused by using a traditional concatenation and a discriminant correlation analysis algorithm. Finally, for target classification, K-nearest neighbors algorithm based on LogDet divergence-based metric learning triplet constraints is adopted as a baseline classifier. Experiments on MSTAR are conducted, and the classification accuracy results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.


Although visceromegaly at necropsy is the rule in acromegaly, it was not detected clinically except in the presence of another disease process. Of 57 patients with acromegaly, nine had clinical hepatomegaly. In eight of these patients, a second disease process was detected that accounted for the organ enlargements. Hepatic function tests were almost uniformly normal. Two of the 57 patients had clinical splenomegaly. In both, a second disease process known to cause splenic enlargement was detected. The submaxillary salivary glands were unusually prominent in 87% of patients and noticeably enlarged in 26%. However, they were asymptomatic and the three glands that were examined histologically were normal, which is in agreement with previous findings.


The study was conducted for four months with 8 judo athletes: 4 sighted people (4 M) and 4 visual impairment people (3 M and 1 F), aged between 18 and 52 (30.75 ± 12.74). According to the IBSA Visual Classification, all visual impairment subjects participating in our study were covered in the B1 category of visual deficit. This is a group represented by patients with no light perception in either eye up to light perception, and with an inability to recognize the shape of a hand at any distance or in any direction. From our cohort it was excluded subjects who have had low extremities musculoskeletal, neurological, or orthopaedic disorders in the previous six months. The aim of the study was to evaluate their balance with both closed and opened eyes and to set their lower limbs' strength: these are indispensable characteristics to carry out technical actions of judo. Anthropometric measures were compared between groups and data about jump protocol and balance protocol were analysed. Results of current research showed that postural stability is different in function of assessment with closed and open eyes. The result of the jump tests differs because the data do not show significant differences between long jump and high jump. The comparison between blinded and sighted judo athletes highlighted greater difficulties with eyes closed for sighted athletes than blinded ones.


The utility model provides a front windshield and an automobile with the same. The edges of the two sides of the front windshield are provided with lens structures for preventing blind areas of columns A from forming. According to the front windshield, the parts, close to the columns A on the two sides, of the front windshield are thickened to form the lens structures, light enters the eyes of a driver after refraction is conducted on the light through the lens structures, and therefore vision blind areas, formed by shielding of the columns A, of the driver can be avoided.


19 The persistence of distinct warning signals within and between sympatric mimetic 20 communities is a puzzling evolutionary question because selection favours convergence of 21 colour patterns among toxic species. Such convergence is partly shaped by predators' reaction 22 to similar but not identical stimulus, i.e. generalisation behaviour. Thus, generalisation by 23 predators is likely to be shaped by the diversity of local prey. However, studying 24 generalisation behaviour is generally limited to simple variations of prey colour patterns. 25 Here, we used a computer game played by humans as surrogate predators to investigate 26 generalisation behaviours in simple (4 morphs) and complex (10 morphs) communities of 27 unprofitable (associated with a penalty) and profitable butterflies. Colour patterns used in the 28 game are observed in natural populations of unprofitable butterfly species such as H. numata. 29 Analyses of 449 game participants' behaviours show that players avoided unprofitable prey 30 more readily in simple than in complex communities. However, generalisation was observed 31 only in players that faced complex communities, enhancing protection of profitable prey that 32 looked similar to at least one unprofitable morph. Additionally, similarity among unprofitable 33 prey also reduced attack rates only in complex communities. These results are consistent with 34 previous studies using avian predators but artificial colour patterns, and suggest that mimicry 35 is more likely to evolve in complex communities where increases in similarity are more likely 36 to be advantageous.


The Hall mobility of a BTQBT [bis(1, 2, 5-thiadiazolo)-p-quinobis(1,3-dithiole)] single crystal was found to be 2.4 cm2 V–1 s–1 at 330 K and 6.3 cm2 V–1 s–1 at 175 K. It changed with temperature as T–16 in the range 175–330 K, which corresponds to the T–1.5 temperature dependence theoretically predicted for the mobility determined by lattice scattering. The sign of the carrier was determined to be positive over the whole temperature range, which indicates that electrical conduction is dominated by hole carriers.


! the usual picture of the kinetic inductance holds. We show that the ac admittance can be used to directly access some of the characteristic quantities of the SNS junctions, in particular the phase dependent energy minigap and the typically phase dependent inelastic scattering rate. Our results partially explain the recent measurements of the linear response properties of SNS Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) and predict a number of new eects.


The intensified demand for security, safety and crime prevention is creating a growing industry all over the world. Parallel with the development of crime prevention and the discussion of security measures, women's fear of male violence has been made visible. This is mostly due to women's grassroots organisations and the work of feminist researchers. Feminists have argued against the findings from previous quantitative investigations, pointing out that women experience a fear that differs from men s, due to the threat of sexual violence. This research has also increased our understanding of other groups' fears in present day society. The concepts of private and public are relevant to the discussion, because fear is strongly connected to public urban spaces. Definitions of these concepts vary, and they can be connected to spatial, legal, political, or social issues. If consideration is given to the historical context in which these concepts appear, the nature of the social organisation of the gender dichotomy in space becomes clearer. Measures to secure public safety often focus on the importance of creating a sense of community in the public space. These measures include the creating of private spheres within a public space by building enclosed spaces or providing guards. An understanding of the nature of fear and a concept of public space as multiple and complex will lead to demands for other solutions than those of creating enclosures and borderlands within the urban public space.


The investigation focuses on evaluating
the effect of varying % of Red Mud (RM) reinforcement with Ordinary Portland Slag
Cement (OPSC). Characterisation is done by adding 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of
RM by weight to OPSC. RM + OPSC composite mortars are made in an 8.5 × 5 × 4 cm3 cast iron mould with external vibration keeping
water-binder ratio 0.4 by weight. The mortars are cured in water for 28 days
and their physio-chemical characteristics are investigated. Mortar performances
like compressive strength, hardness, XRD, FTIR, SEM are diagnosed. The
composite mortars cementing properties are compared with original OPSC. The
result reveals the augmentation of RM with OPSC increases the hydration capacity
of OPSC with improved compressive strength. The experimental optimization shows
a maximum value up to 10% - 20% OPSC can be replaced by RM as filling material.


Abstract Lattice disorder produced by ion implantation of CdS crystals with Bi+, Kr+, Ar+ and Ne+ has been studied using RBS/Channeling and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Channeling measurements of the damage, as represented by an apparent number of displaced atoms, N D , obtained from the surface peak and by the change in the dechanneling, level, ΔX min, behind the surface peaks, have been studied as a function of channeling direction (c- and a-axis), He+ beam energy (0.8–2.8 MeV), implant and analysis temperature (50 K and 300 K). The channeling measurements are consistent with the TEM observations that the damage is primarily in the form of interstitial type dislocation loops which predominantly lie with a Burgers vector parallel to the a-axis. Both techniques confirm that implantation does not produce an amorphous layer in CdS.


Unrecognized malaria in nonendemic regions can have high morbidity and mortality. Distinct patient populations such as travelers, immigrants, and those who visit friends and relatives abroad are at elevated risk for malarial infection. The charts of 63 patients in Dayton, Ohio, for whom malaria smears were ordered from 1999 through 2007 were reviewed. Ten of the 63 patients tested positive for malaria: 5 patients had Plasmodium falciparum, 3 with Plasmodium vivax, and 1 case each of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae. The trends among our malaria cases reflect those found nationally. In nonendemic US cities, malaria should be suspected when patients present with posttravel fever; or fever of unknown origin coupled with a background of recent travel or immigration.


ABSTRACT Subsidies have become increasingly important tools of industrial policy due to the gradual liberalization of trade and finance. However, there is considerable variation in the level of subsidies granted by governments of industrialized countries. This article explores domestic and international factors that affect levels of government support to industry in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in the period 1989 to 1995. The results indicate that higher unemployment leads to higher levels of subsidies, while European Union membership and high levels of economic openness lead to lower levels of subsidies. Contrary to theoretical expectations, upcoming elections are associated with lower levels of subsidies.


Ion implantation of metal ions, followed by annealing, can be used for the formation of buried layers of metal nanoparticles in glasses. Thus, photonic structures with nonlinear optical properties can be formed. In this study, three samples of silica glasses were implanted with Cu+, Ag+, or Au+ ions under the same conditions (energy 330 keV and fluence 1 × 1016 ions/cm2), and compared to three identical silica glass samples that were subsequently coimplanted with oxygen at the same depth. All the implanted glasses were annealed at 600 °C for 1 h, which leads to the formation of metal nanoparticles. The depth profiles of Cu, Ag, and Au were measured by Rutherford backscattering and by secondary ion mass spectrometry and the results are compared and discussed.


Driven by the dual goals of training students to apply their research skills in a community setting and providing much needed research to local community and governmental agencies, three social science professors created a center to conduct community research. This address details the steps used to build clientele in the community and discusses how to integrate applied research with academic expectations. Three major issues are addressed. The first consists of building relationships with community entities to acquire the necessary opportunities for research and, in so doing, for finding the program. The second involves educating faculty colleagues and university administrators to provide institutional support for community research. The third concerns developing applied courses with minimal faculty that meet the academic demands of a university, while protecting the privacy needs and meeting the time constraints of community clients. Several outcomes attest to the success of this endeavor. These include an integrated undergraduate/graduate program in applied research; city agencies that make data-based decisions and contact the Center for program evaluations, population projections, needs assessments and data collection; and, shared respect and stronger relationships between the university and community.


Mathematics is one of the subjects taught in school. The process of converting mathematical abstraction into concrete requires Realistic Mathematics Education Learning. In the Development of Realistic Mathematics Education requires learning media. The Learning Media is Laser Degrees for learning Trigonometry in the Elevation Angle sub-subject. The purpose of this study is the relationship between students' competence in using Laser Degrees in measuring the height of objects with the results of calculating the height of objects measured using Laser Degrees. The sample is 52 people with research results with rank correlation that the calculation of the value of r' is equal to 0.982. Based on this value, it is obtained that Z count (Zh) is equal to 7.0184. For = 5%, Z table (Zt) is equal to 1.96. Because Zh is greater than Zt, it is concluded that Reject Ho or accept Ha, that is, there is a significant relationship between X and Y variables. The decision is that there is a relationship between students' competence in using Laser Degrees in measuring the height of objects with the results of calculating the height of objects measured using Laser Degrees.


A switched-gain controlled LNA is designed and implemented in 0.18 um CMOS technology for UWB system. In high gain mode, measurement shows a power gain of 12.5 dB, an input IP3 of 0 dBm, while consuming only 8.13 mA of current. In low gain mode, measurement shows a power gain of -8.7 dB, an input IP3 of 9.1 dBm, while consuming only 0 mA of current.


The serine and cysteine proteases SspA and SspB of Staphylococcus aureus are secreted as inactive zymogens, zSspA and zSspB. Mature SspA is a trypsin-like glutamyl endopeptidase and is required to activate zSspB. Although a metalloprotease Aureolysin (Aur) is in turn thought to contribute to activation of zSspA, a specific role has not been demonstrated. We found that pre-zSspA is processed by signal peptidase at ANA29 ↓, releasing a Leu30 isoform that is first processed exclusively through autocatalytic intramolecular cleavage within a glutamine-rich propeptide segment, 40QQTQSSKQQTPKIQ53. The preferred site is Gln43 with secondary processing at Gln47 and Gln53. This initial processing is necessary for optimal and subsequent Aur-dependent processing at Leu58 and then Val69 to release mature SspA. Although processing by Aur is rate-limiting in zSspA activation, the first active molecules of Val69SspA promote rapid intermolecular processing of remaining zSspA at Glu65, producing an N-terminal 66HANVILP isoform that is inactive until removal of the HAN tripeptide by Aur. Modeling indicated that His66 of this penultimate isoform blocks the active site by hydrogen bonding to Ser237 and occlusion of substrate. Binding of glutamate within the active site of zSspA is energetically unfavorable, but glutamine fits into the primary specificity pocket and is predicted to hydrogen bond to Thr232 proximal to Ser237, permitting autocatalytic cleavage of the glutamine-rich propeptide segment. These and other observations suggest that zSspA is activated through a trypsinogen-like mechanism where supplementary features of the propeptide must be sequentially processed in the correct order to allow efficient activation.


Abstract : The work reported in the report deals with, among others, the following four general areas: general structure theory for tensor spaces, inequalities for the classical invariants in matrix theory, Study of matrix functions of combinatorial interests, commutativity theory. (Author)


The solenoid valve is the key element to determine the performance for all kinds of electronic control fuel injection systems. Many parameters of the damping system influence the dynamic response characteristics of the valve. A simplified method was developed to analyze the squeeze film between the armature and the solenoid based on parallel plate flow theories. Simulation was made to investigate the influence of structure parameters on the damping characteristics and determine optimum venting arrangement for improved valve performance. Compared with the computation result of finite element method, the result has a relative error of 2%. 


Abstract The current study aimed at identifying family role in facing the prevalence of terrorist ideas among adolescents from the perspective of students, parents, and educational and intellectual security specialists. The descriptive analytical method was utilized in this study. The sample consisted of (92) students, (32) parents, and (14) educational and intellectual security specialists. Two electronic questionnaires were prepared. Results indicated that the most significant indicators of the prevalence of terrorist ideas among adolescents are provoking a fierce argument with family members who disagree with them and showing intolerance towards others. The most important causes that lead to the adoption of terrorist ideas by adolescents are the parents' lack of information about the friends of adolescents and about people whom they follow on social media. The most effective educational methods that should be adopted by the family to face the prevalence of terrorist ideas among adolescents are guiding them to respect the public rights and to choose the right companions. The study suggested raising awareness among parents about the developmental characteristics, behavioral problems, and social and psychological pressures of various age stages and preventing adolescents from watching porno movies.


Lacking of the management of simultaneous fault is one of the limitations of condition monitoring for a gas turbine, which is critical for the safety and decision-making of aircraft operation. To this end, this paper employed a multi-label (ML) learning strategy to address the simultaneous fault issues. Moreover, a feature selection algorithm is proposed, which is based on the viewpoint that different class labels might be distinguished by certain specific characteristics of their own. The proposed algorithm achieves the goal of label-specific feature selection by iteratively optimizing the weight reconstruction matrix, and the learned label-specific features for the corresponding label can be used for multi-label classification. As thus, sensor data for different components of aircraft engines can be determined by the proposed algorithm to deal with the simultaneous fault diagnosis. Finally, comprehensive experiments on the benchmark data sets of multi-label learning validate the advantages and feasibility of the presented approaches, and the effectiveness of their application to simultaneous fault diagnosis of aircraft engines is also proved by extensive experiments.


The last years have been a time of exponential progress of sequencing methods. The beginning of the 21st century closed a thirty-year domination of sequencing by the Sanger's method. Next generation technology resulted in a mass sequencing of the successive genomes. The time necessary to discover full genomes, as occurred for potato, was dramatically reduced.


The Supreme Court's decision in Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. United States is a case study of the intersection of common law concepts of divisibility of harm with Superfund statutory pronouncements designed to charge the cost of cleanup to the parties associated with contamination or to those who benefit from the property's cleanup. It is also a study in the deference owed to reasonable, factually supported district court decisions concerning questions of fact. Burlington Northern is not a sea change in the law of apportionment of harm among otherwise jointly and severally liable parties under CERCLA.The Court made clear that apportionment of harm to void joint and several liability is not the same as the analysis required for the more equitably oriented CERCLA contribution claim. Similarly, understood in the context of the unique facts presented by the Burlington Northern contamination, the Court acknowledged district court authority to reasonably apportion harm when the facts support such an analysis, as in Burlington Northern's reasonably simple division between two owners of separate properties, where there were no other liable parties and contribution would not balance the equities because of the insolvency of the most culpable party. The Supreme Court emphasized that the burden of proving divisibility is upon the parties seeking it while overlooking this problem in Burlington Northern in order to rein in an overly restrictive appellate review of the district court's divisibility analysis and consequential apportionment. The Article is divided into three parts. Part I provides an overview of CERCLA and its application to the contamination at the Railroads' and B&B's properties. Part II examines the first and second installments of the Supreme Court's "CERCLA trilogy": Cooper Industries v. Aviall Services, Inc. and United States v. Atlantic Research Corp. and why those decisions frame the conclusions to be drawn about the Burlington Northern ruling. Part III reflects on the common law and how the facts unique to Burlington Northern and the nature of the Supreme Court's evidentiary review of the district court's decision combine to confirm that Burlington Northern only brings us "full CERCLA." The decision reaffirms twenty-seven-year-old CERCLA common law on the divisibility of harm. The ruling follows in the wake of other CERCLA decisions that were once haled as the end of joint and several liability in CERCLA.


Background  Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1‐38 (PACAP38) displays biological activities (e.g. bronchodilatory, pulmonary vasodilatory and anti‐inflammatory properties) that are relevant in several pulmonary diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and tolerability and the pulmonary and systemic effects of inhaled PACAP38 in humans.


trials before he can be made whole. The first two trials involve experiencing both the recognition of (him)self as well as the recognition of the collective unconscious. In the final trial he faces his own death, symbolically lynched by Solly and Aunt Ester's caretaker, Eli (Eugene Lee), wearing European-fashioned masks. Upon his arrival at the gates of the City, he finds that the gatekeeper, played by Solly in an African-fashioned white mask, is in fact the man whose death resulted from the theft Citizen committed. To gain his true "citizenship" and entrance into the City, Citizen must confess the truth of his crime.


Abstract Using simulation of ion trajectories, the neutral fraction of 504 keV hydrogen ions scattered on an NiSi2(111) crystal is calculated for different scattering geometries. The probabilities of electron capture and loss in a single ion–atom collision as a function of impact parameter are calculated using, respectively, the continuum distorted wave and the sudden perturbation approaches. The calculations are compared with experimental results of Ohdaira et al. [Phys. Rev. A 48, R1737 (1993)]. The sensitivity of the scattered ion neutral fraction to the crystal surface structure and to the specifics of charge exchange of ions in solids is discussed.


FIELD: power engineering. SUBSTANCE: claimed axial swirler comprises the ring with multiple swirler blades arranged in circle around the swirler axis, each of said blades including the trailing wedge. For controlled distribution of outlet flow velocity profile and equivalent fuel ratio in radial direction of said discontinuous trailing edge. Note here that said training edge has a discontinuity nearby predefined radius. EFFECT: optimum profile of velocities of outlet flow for increase in combustion stability. 11 cl, 12 dwg


Case 1 A 2.5-year-old boy was referred to us for a small CMN of the back encircled by an eczematous patch (Figure 1A). The patient, who had been suffering from atopic dermatitis since birth, complained of itching. Dermoscopy revealed a multicomponent pattern, with atypical globules and blotches of pigment, a central blue veil, along with perilesional erythema (Figure 1B). Therapy with a topical mometasone furoate led only to transient improvement, with recurrence after discontinuation and with persistence of the alarming dermoscopic features. Surgical excision of the lesion was performed and histology was suggestive of a CMN with MP. The excision of the lesion led to complete healing.


499International organizations — United Nations — Immunities — United Nations General Assembly — Whether enjoying absolute immunity from suit — Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, 1946, Article 2 — International Organizations Immunities Act, Article 2(b) — Whether express waiver of immunity — The law of the United States


Elephantiasis of the scrotum is an unusual medical problem with multiple etiologies. It is caused by lymphatic obstruction at the level of the superficial lymph nodes in the inguinal area and must be differentiated from other types of scrotal enlargement such as tumors or hydrocele. Scrota1


Functional composition of oxidizing ammonolysis of lignin and pulp products liberated from aspen wood obtained under their treatment with ammonia solution of ammonium persulphate by mechanochemical method.


The entrance channel effects in the decay of compound nucleus 190Pt* formed using different incoming channels i.e. 132Sn+58Ni and 126Sn+64Ni is studied by using dynamical cluster-decay model (DCM). The neutron-rich radioactive beams of 132Sn and 126Sn are used here. We find that with the inclusion of deformation effects up to quadrupole (β2), the structure of potential energy surfaces changes a little bit at l = 0 and significantly at l = lmax. It is also observed that for both the entrance channels, the preformation probability of decaying fragments is almost identical at same lmax and comparable centre of mass energies. This identical potential energy surface behavior and same lmax values in either of entrance channels, enable us to conclude that decay of 190Pt* is independent of formation effects. The relevant role of level density parameter is also analyzed.


The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for producing and using group-III nitride crystals that have enhanced or increase ultraviolet transparency in a range of wavelengths. The crystals may also be used in a number of UV optics and UV optical semiconductor devices.


Some basic algebraic features of quasiparticle transformations are reviewed. Special nonlinear quasiparticle transformations are introduced leading to the second quantized counterparts of gerninal-type (correlated) wave functions. Algebraic representa-' tions of strong and weak orthogonality are discussed, and these issues are generalized to the case of non-orthogonal basis sets leading to the concepts of strong and weak biorthogonaltty.


St. Clair, R. (2015). Creating Courses for Adults: Designing for Learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. 212 pp. ISBN 978-1-118-43897-8 (paperback) "... the true value of teaching is not the act of teaching but all the thought, preparation, and experience that lies behind it" (p. xii). This sentiment lends itself to perhaps one of the most essential responsibilities of an adult educator--designing learning for adults. St. Clair, a practitioner, researcher, and consultant in the field of adult education, believes an effective and responsible educator designs learning that motivates learners to become active participants. To ensure participation, the author posits that learning should be designed to be purposeful and relevant to the needs and interests of the learner. The fundamental idea of Creating Courses for Adults: Designing for Learning is that "education for adults has to be designed" through a set of deliberate and informed decisions (p. xi). Despite the simplicity of this statement, the author provides impressive and practical strategic tools for novice and experienced educators who wish to improve and reflect on their techniques of designing courses for adults. St. Clair forewarns readers that this book "does not set out to cover all the knowledge that we have regarding teaching and training adults"; however, it is recommended as a starting point for individuals who wish to immediately implement techniques or enhance their practices (p. xv). St. Clair suggests that learning is socially constructed and acknowledges that his perspective on learning, suggestions, and/or recommendations is viewed through sociocultural learning lenses, which have influenced what he believes "good teaching looks like at the fundamental level" (p. xix). It is through the sociocultural approach in which the author provides practical steps to help educators carefully design education for adults. The ideas set forth in this book are divided into two segments, Core Factors in Teaching and Key Decisions. The "Core Factors in Teaching" segment acknowledges that the educator, learners, and context may affect the teaching and design process. St. Clair asserts that an educator's philosophy and experience guide the teaching practices and approaches to learning. A learner's experience and expectations also contribute to the dynamics of planning education. Contextual factors (e.g., aim of the course, available resources, and organizational context) also drive the design of learning. Context, as noted by St. Clair, is "at the heart of [learning]" and recognizing its contribution to the planning process allows educators the opportunity to understand and shape learning (p. …


The invention discloses an ultrasound resource management system. A server comprises: a transceiver configured to receive from at least one ultrasound machine at least one data log comprising at least one data record based on the operation of the ultrasound machine; a record parser configured to process the at least one data log received from the at least one ultrasound machine before storing the at least one data log in a database; a record analyzer configured to analyse the at least one data log to determine at least one metric associated with the at least one ultrasound machine; a report generator configured to generate a report for a client based on applying the at least one metric to a utilization/billing model.


Safety and reliability assessment of instrumentation and control (I&C) systems used in different safety-critical industries is a responsible and challenging task. Different assessment models recommended by international and national regulatory documents and used by experts worldwide still have disadvantages and limitations. Therefore, studies of assessment model improvements and refinements are essential. This paper proposes that the assessment models be improved by taking into account different architectures of communications both between different systems and within one particular system. In most models, communication lines are considered absolutely reliable, but the analysis performed shows that the communications should be necessarily addressed. Several analytical models are described to assess the reliability of safety-critical systems for nuclear power plants with different communication options.


Topological resonance energy (TRE) is a theoretical index which was discovered a few years ago1,2 and which can be used for describing the aromaticity and related properties of conjugated n-electron systems. Although the TRE method has limitations and fails in the case of some conjugated radicals and ions3, for a large number of systems of interest in chemistry (i. e. singlet ground state molecules for which at least one Kekule structural formula can be written), the agreement between the predictions based on TRE and the experimental findings is quite good4 .


The male offspring of a 28-yr-old nurse who had received from three to five r/month from combined radiations of approximates 220 mg Ra and 110 mg Ra- equivalent of mesothorium over 18 months, for an estimated total of from 50 to 96 r, and up to three months prior to parturition, was acrocephalic at birth. When seen later at age six the skull was dolichocephalic with 52.5 circumference. The root of the nose was depressed and the eyebrows were fused. The venae angulares laterales were prominent, the fossa temporales was depressed and settled stepwise against the os zygomatium. The forehead was triangularly vaulted, with palpably thickened sutures and step formation at the parietal bone transition, especially near the fontanelle, but there was no actual fontanellar eminence. The ears were malformed. The two orbits were close, with a very small os cribiforme, and with much supraorbital pneumatic space. The orbital roof and clivus were almost at the same level. The sella was deformed. The body musculature was poorly formed and generally hypotonic. Reflexes were impaired. Motor speech function and phonation were disturbed. The ECG showed marked dysrhythmia and some paroxysmal focal character, and suggested some impairment in the left hemisphere. Themore » pneumbencephalogram indicated that the entire ventricular system, including the subarachnoidal space, was symmetrical without longitudinal compression or elongation. The anterior horns and third ventricle, as well as the basal cistern, including the base of the cistcma pontis, were widened. The cisterna chiasmatis was not filled. (BBB)« less


Even if he did not intend it to be so, Park's work serves as an extensive critique of many of Tönnies' central concepts, contributing substantially to continuing discussion concerning social dynamics and social goals.


For a fixed $k$, this study considers $k$-partition minimization of submodular system $(V, f)$ with a finite set $V$ and symmetric submodular function $f: 2^{V} \mapsto \mathbb{R}$ with {\it strong symmetry}, which holds $f(U_{0}) = f( U_{1} \setminus U_{0} )$ for any set $U_{0} \subseteq U_{1} \subseteq V$. Our algorithm uses the Queyranne's (1998) algorithm for 2-partition minimization which arises at each step of the recursive decomposition of subsets of the original $k$-partition minimization. We show that the computational complexity of this minimizer is $O(n^{3(k-1)})$.


A series of health problems were related with environmental pollution,especially malignant tumors.Numerous studies have showed that there are a variety of chemical substances with mutagenic toxicity,epidemiological studies have demonstrated that drinking water pollution have a certain relationship with malignant tumors incidence increase,so the monitoring of genetic toxicity of water environment is one of the important tasks,which are urgent to be carried out.This article reviewed the progress on methodology and application of micronucleus and SOS/umu test in water environment monitoring,to supply scientific basis for monitoring the genetic toxicity of water environment.


217. The Council has much pleasure in recommending: Recommendation: That Ian D. Grant, M.B., Ch.B. (Glasgow), be elected a Vice-President of the Association ir recognition of his distinguished services to the Association. RecommendatIon: That J. A. L. Vaughan Jones, C.B.E., M.B., Ch.B., J.P. (Leeds), be elected a Vice-President of the Association in recognition of his distinguished services to the Association.


The roundtable session was part of a larger plenary session on "the origin and evolution of life" and the "reflection
 of science at the dawn of the third millennium" held 22-26 October 1996. Lederberg made minor corrections to this copy
 of the transcript of the proceedings.


ABSTRACT This study was conducted to explore the effects of dietary supplementation with chicory powder on the growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of Xiangcun Black pigs. Forty-five pigs with an average initial body weight of 54.20 ± 8.70 kg were randomly assigned into one of three groups (15 pigs per group) according to their body weight and litter size. Pigs were fed either a basal diet with no supplement (control group), or a diet supplemented with 5% or 10% chicory powder. Results showed that compared with the control, 10% chicory powder decreased the feed:gain ratio in the first phase (P < 0.01), back fat thickness (P = 0.01), b* value (P = 0.01), and the concentrations of serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterin (P < 0.05), but increased the loin-eye area of the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM, P < 0.05). Chicory also increased the concentrations of several free amino acids and the proportion of n-3 PUFA in the LDM (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings indicate that a dietary level of chicory powder up to 10% does not negatively affect performance, instead improving the growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of Xiangcun Black pigs.


Portfolio allocation is embedded in many decisional tasks for ensuring best returns under the constraint of minimising risk. In this paper, we implement several strategies in order to generate a holistic assessment of portfolio evaluation. The study analyses the performance of an extended framework of the classical tangency and targeted portfolio strategies. The extension is essentially the use of the skewed student-t distribution for the individual assets' log-return. Our investigation is based on 15 currencies with US dollar as the base currency for the period spanning from 1999 to 2015. A comparative performance analysis between the portfolio optimization strategies is undertaken on the basis of various performance measures, namely the portfolio expected return, standard deviation, Beta coefficient, Sharpe Ratio, Jensen's Alpha, Treynor ratio and Roy ratio. The portfolio VaR being perceived as one of the core metrics for risk management is also computed. It is actually proxied by 5 VaR estimates - the parametric Gaussian, the equally-weighted historical VaR, the bootstrapping historical VaR, the Monte-Carlo simulation VaR and the parametric GHD VaR. The results show that both tangency portfolios, with the Gaussian or the skewed student-t distribution perform best, particularly on the basis of highest Sharpe reward-to-variability ratio and lowest Value-at-Risk.


Abstract Tomato pulp was dried under various drying conditions using hot air oven (65-950C), and cabinet drier (65-950C). The drying rate constant increased with increase in drying temperature. Among different combinations of Hunter L, a and b parameters, L*a could be used to describe the visual color change in tomato pulp during dehudration process.


Film cooling is a process that is used to protect turbine vanes in a gas turbine engine from exposure to hot combustion gases. In this paper, we have conducted the time-dependent analysis of film cooling by the large-eddy-simulation (LES) model. We have obtained static-temperature contours, pressure contours, velocity vectors and temperature plot at y = 12.7 mm iso-surface at different time intervals such as 10, 20.37 and 40.74 s. Significant results have been obtained.


U.S. Department of Energy Order 435.1, 'Radioactive Waste Management,' along with its associated manual and guidance, requires development and maintenance of a radioactive waste management basis for each radioactive waste management facility, operation, and activity. This document presents a radioactive waste management basis for Idaho National Laboratory's Advanced Test Reactor Complex facilities that manage radioactive waste. The radioactive waste management basis for a facility comprises existing laboratory-wide and facility-specific documents. U.S. Department of Energy Manual 435.1-1, 'Radioactive Waste Management Manual,' facility compliance tables also are presented for the facilities. The tables serve as a tool to develop the radioactive waste management basis.


Extant research has established a strong association between perceived control and anxiety; however, limited work has examined perceived control within the context of fear-based anxiety disorders and in ethnic minority populations. Further, scant attention has been paid to protective factors that may moderate the relationship between perceived control and anxiety. The current study investigated the relationship between perceived control, positive religious coping, and panic-related fears in a community-based African American adult sample (N = 91, mean age = 38, 91% female). Results from hierarchical linear regression indicated that perceived control significantly predicted all panic subscales (i.e., total panic symptoms, agoraphobic fears, social phobia fears, interoceptive fears); however, positive religious coping moderated only the relationship between perceived control and agoraphobic fears. Simple slopes analyses revealed that increased levels of positive religious coping resulted in a strengthened negative relationship between perceived control and agoraphobic fears.


Submitted for the MAR11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Methods for Self-Assembly of Rod-Coil Diblock Copolymer Thin Films SAMANTHA COLLINS, AMANDA KAMPS, MICHAEL FRYD, RUSSELL COMPOSTO1, SO-JUNG PARK2, University of Pennsylvania — Long range order in diblock copolymer (BCP) thin films can be induced by solvent annealing. First, thin films of semiconducting BCPs were spin-coated onto base-treated and hydroxyl-terminated silicon substrates. These BCP films were then solvent vapor annealed in inert, solvent-saturated atmosphere. Structure was investigated as a function of substrate end group, film thickness, and solvent annealing duration, and an optimized ordering condition was found. Film thickness was varied to direct the morphology perpendicular to the substrate for potential photovoltaic device applications. Second, BCP thin films were processed by novel thermal gradient annealing as an alternative route to directing long range order in the films. The effect of thermal gradient steepness and temperature range on ordering was analyzed for the optimized thickness determined by solvent annealing. 1Senior Author 2Senior Author Samantha Collins University of Pennsylvania Date submitted: 22 Dec 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


The bacterium causing 50% cumulative mortality among postyearling parr (pyp) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared at a Nova Scotian hatchery was identified to be an atypical, achromogenic Aeromonas salmonicida strain. This organism, although differing in several biochemical reactions from typical A. salmonicida, was sensitive to A. salmonicida bacteriophages. Antigenically, the Kejimkujik A. salmonicida was indistinguishable from typical A. salmonicida strains when the serological relatedness was examined using cross-adsorbed rabbit antisera. Analysis of DNA from the atypical A. salmonicida yielded a % GC value of 57.85, a value within the range expected for A. salmonicida.Key words: atypical, Aeromonas salmonicida, Atlantic salmon


The proposed approach aims to develop a new method of forming and processing of multiple hypotheses for initial orbit determination using optical observations. This method allows us to generalize the existing 2-dimensional flat constrained admissible region (CAR) to a unique 3-dimensional (3D) manifold of points corresponding to the pairs of observed right ascension and declination. Another advantage of this method is that unlike the existing methods of initial orbit determination using CAR, the range, range rate and angular rates are computed analytically using the angle observations, the location coordinates of the observation station, the semi-parameter and semi-major axis corresponding to the CAR. Unlike the existing 2D CAR, the 3D manifold does not include the pairs of range and range rate that do not correspond to the observed angles and computed range rat and angular rates. Given the the semi-parameter and semi-major axis, the proposed approach allows us to analytically compute the orientation angles as the Keplerian orbital elements, including the longitude of ascending node, inclination and argument of perigee. The resulting method represents a new and computationally efficient procedure for multiple data association processing through multiple hypotheses filter and allows for an uncertainty quantification.


In this paper,the authors propose the number of buffers that should be configured in routers to realize fairness between TCP Vegas and TCP Reno after studying it from the perspective of the space difference of buffers.A simulation made abut the change of throughput of TCP Vegas and TCP Reno with the space of buffers proves the correctness of their proposal.


D r. Robert Pepper has shown courage and provided an important service to the field of analytic group psychotherapy in writing Emotional Incest in Group Psychotherapy: A Conspiracy of Silence. His major thesis is that "altering the frame of therapy always has consequences." Pepper provides us with a sense of how his understanding of frame alterations and their consequences evolved over time. Those therapists and training institutes that found his cogent observations difficult to hear and accept subjected him to disapprobation. We come to respect the arduousness of his journey. Pepper defines a secure frame as one where 1) "the relationship between the member and leader is exclusively professional and that the two are only known to each other in their roles as leader and as group member; 2) the treatment takes place in a safe environment, such as a professional office building or a home office that is separate from the leader's living quarters; and 3) the leader abides by the ethical precept of informed consent, which means that the fee is mutually agreed upon at the start of treatment and the prospective member is told that there will be periodic fee increases" (p. 2). The book goes on to elaborate how undiscussed frame alterations injure group members whom the treatment is purporting to help. Perhaps even worse, Pepper maintains, is the blurring of boundaries that inevitably result from the dual relationships endemic to group psychotherapy training institutes. Trainees of such institutes unselfconsciously employ what they have learned in their group training in the groups they go on to lead—an "if it was good enough for me, it is good enough for them" mentality. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 66: 155–159, 2016 Copyright © The American Group Psychotherapy Association, Inc. ISSN: 0020-7284 print/1943-2836 online DOI: 10.1080/00207284.2015.1089693


The invention discloses an internet of things intelligent electricity meter with an embedded information security management module. The information security management module comprises a processor, a first data interface, a second data interface and a FLASH memorizer, wherein the processor accesses the first data interface, the second data interface and the FLASH memorizer, the information security management module conducts identity authentication when exchanging data with an internet of things remote control terminal, legitimacy of communications between the information security management module and the internet of things remote control terminal is guaranteed, and a master control device of an internet of things intelligent electricity meter terminal can communicate with the external only through the information security management module. At the same time, the internet of things intelligent electricity meter with the embedded information security management module is simple in module structure, and can seamlessly access a power supply management system through the internal information security management module. Dispersed manufacture of the internet of things intelligent electricity meter and unified management are achieved, and application range is wide.


CT Spectra, with a radial slit in the K and Hct lines, of a sunspot close to the limb are used to deter mine chromospheric heights in an active region. Equidensity contours obtained with the Sabattier effect are used to measure the values of h* for different positions in the line core and wings. The spectra have also been utilized to determine similar heights in two very restricted regions of Ca + emission which show an arched emission structure in K232 with bright continuum emission. At the K-line centre, unit tangential optical depth in the umbra, umbra-penumbra interface, and penumbra are at 1310, 1610, and 2330 km respectively. The corresponding value for the umbra in the Ha-line centre is 1080 km. The arches have a value of h = 3000 km at AX = 0 for the K line.


The construction and testing of a Brillouin gain spectrometer is discussed. The spectrometer employs a high power (150 mW) tunable dye laser and a low power (1.7 mW) stabilized HeNe laser in a pump-probe arrangement Because of the small signal gain (1 x 10⁻⁵), several noise reduction schemes were used to enhance the signal to noise ratio. The spectrometer was evaluated by studying the strongly scattering liquid CS₂ and the weakly scattering liquid CC1₄. Brillouin shifts and linewidths were accurately determined for both liquids. The high resolution of this instrument permitted measurement of the small asymmetry in the measured lineshapes. In CC1₄ we were able to observe the so-called Mountain mode and to confirm that CC1₄ can be modeled as a liquid exhibiting a single relaxation time.


Author(s): Lee, Han Kyu | Advisor(s): Krivorotov, Ilya N | Abstract: This dissertation explores the study of magnetization dynamics in a ferromagnetic thin film and nanoscale ferromagnets. In bulk ferromagnets, nonlinear interactions generally couple each spin wave eigenmode to a continuum of other available modes through multi-magnon scattering. The multi-magnon scattering can potentially limit an achievable amplitude of spin wave modes by pumping energy into other energy-degenerate modes. For example, two-magnon scattering process in the presence of impurities and defects is known to act as a channel of magnetic damping in ferromagnetic thin films. I present an observation of the two-magnon scattering in epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) and LSMO/Pt thin films, investigate its impact on the evaluation of low magnetic damping in LSMO, and properties of spin transport through the LSMO/Pt interface for potential nanodevice applications.Magnetic damping is a critical parameter that determines the speed and energy efficiency of the magnetic nanodevice such as spin-torque memory and oscillators. In a nanomagnet, the geometric confinement breaks translational invariance of the system and discretizes the spin wave spectrum, which helps to suppress the kinematically allowed multi-magnon scattering. The suppression of multi-magnon scattering enables an unusual type of nonlinear interactions and excitation processes in nanoscale ferromagnets that are qualitatively different from that in bulk ferromagnets. In this regard, I report an observation of nonlinear resonant three-magnon scattering and its effect in the damping of nanoscale magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJs). The spectral lineshape of a spin wave resonance undergoing three-magnon scattering exhibits a minimum at the resonance frequency in sharp contrast to the amplitude maximum seen in the linear resonance regime. This unusual behavior arises because the damping parameter of a spin wave ceases to be frequency-independent and itself becomes a resonant function of the excitation frequency. Also, such resonant nonlinear damping dramatically alters the response of a nanomagnet to antidamping spin-torque in a counterintuitive way - the antidamping torque can increase the damping of a spin wave mode that undergoes the nonlinear resonant scattering.Lastly, I present an experimental demonstration of electric-field driven parametric excitation of a spin wave eigenmode in nanoscale MTJ. This work shows that the microwave electric field applied across the MTJ electrode efficiently couples to the out-of-plane component of oscillating magnetization via voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) in the system. The threshold voltage of parametric excitation is found to be well below 1 Volt, which makes it attractive for magnonic nanodevices such as spin wave logic. The electric-field driven parametric excitation of magnetization is a versatile method for generating short-wavelength spin wave and thus results in this work pave the way towards energy-efficient excitation of magnetization dynamics in thin films of metallic ferromagnets and nanodevices based on magnetic multilayers.


Over the past few years, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have revolutionized different healthcare branches, including dentistry. AI in a wider aspect means computers that mimic or behave like human intelligence whereas ML forms a part of AI and enables machines to increase their capabilities by the process of self-adapting algorithms. AI models' basic principles or fundamentals are purely based on artificial neural networks or convolutional neural networks. This review focuses on giving a comprehensive and detailed explanation about AI and ML technology and their wide range of applications in various sections of orthodontic practice.


The European Council adopted Laeken Declaration in which it was first stated about EU aspiration to take the lead on world globalization together with USA. The subject of this study is the analysis of myths and ideological cliches of Laeken Declaration by which EU and USA legitimize their foreign policy. The author concludes that the future of EU was not as optimistic as stated in the text of the declaration. Until recently, the EU was a state in the process of formation, and its legal area acquired the features of a domestic order. These processes have slowed down now. An external challenge was the change in the format of relations with Russia, which openly declared its national interests and cooperation only as a equal partner. Previously unthinkable social problems appeared in the "space of well-being". The history of Russia teaches that "going to Europe" can be done in different ways. The path of "european integration" put the Russian state on the brink of complete disintegration of the late XXth century. The consequences of this choice are currently being overcome in the framework of Eurasian integration and integration with states outside the post-Soviet space that have common interests with Russia.


In January 2012, the Journal published a list of authored books and edited volumes that have been published during the first 25 years of its existence on the subject of ecclesiastical law, generously defined (see (2012) 14 Ecc LJ 149). Inevitably, a few were omitted, and we apologise for that oversight. Equally inevitably, in the intervening months a few more have been added to the bookshelves. This supplementary list, when read together with the original, seeks to provide a definitive overview of published scholarship in the subject matter covered by the Journal at this significant time in its history.


OBJECTIVE
To study the changes in biomechanics and such indices as intrinsic viscosity poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds produced by mild heating under high pressure after in vitro degradation.

METHODS
PLGA scaffolds with the porosity of 90.0% and 92.5% respectively were immerged in 37 degrees Celsius; saline for 8 weeks, and the changes in their mass, intrinsic viscosity and loss of compressive strength were assessed on a weekly basis, and the acidity of the degradation solution was also measured regularly.

RESULTS
Significant differences was noted in the mass reduction between the scaffolds, and the intrinsic viscosity began to decrease in both groups in the first week to half of the original value till the sixth week. A 50% reduction in the compressive strength of the scaffolds occurred at the fourth week, and till the eighth week, obvious structural collapse was observed. Along with the changes, the acidity of the degradation solution increased from 6.0 to 6.5, and the solution of 90.0% porosity group had lower pH value during the first 4 weeks than 92.5% porosity group, but such difference was no longer seen afterwards.

CONCLUSIONS
PLGA scaffolds made by mild heating under high pressure have stable biomechanical performance with the half-life of approximately 6 weeks, which can be applicable for tissue engineering.


Transboundary water governance often represents challenges specific to the commons dilemma. Use of water in one country affects use in another country, yet dynamic and diverse political and socioeconomic factors coupled with relatively large size of a resource system that links not only other sectors such as land and energy but also crosses national jurisdictions make it particularly challenging for interested and affected actors to self-organize. Central Asia represents a typical case of this commons dilemma, where more than 60 million people depend on transboundary waters shared by five independent republics that suffer from vicious cycle of historical rivalry and complexity. We explore whether and how benefit sharing, where the focus is on benefits and not quantities of water, can help solve the transboundary commons dilemma. Further, we suggest distinguishing three priorities in benefit-sharing solutions: economic-development; egalitarian-social; and environmental. Investigating various configurations of prioritization, we discuss selected expressions of it available in the literature in general and from our transboundary waters case study in Central Asia in particular. Based on our findings we stress the importance of setting environmental preservation (restoration) and equitability of sharing as the joint top priority for benefit sharing to be sustainable in the long run, in contrast to a short-term perspective with prevailing economic-development emphasis. In the context of historical distrust conditions and interdependencies, we highlight the mutually important causal relationship between benefit sharing and trust building. For making the new arrangements resilient, particularly in case of large-scale commons, benefit sharing also requires a strong civil society.


INTRODUCTION Cataract is the most common cause of correctable dimness of vision among adults. Over two-third of the population over age 60 has a visual problem due to cataract; over a million people undergo a cataract removal operation annually. Today a cataract can be surgically removed without discomfort. Using modern methods, poor vision from cataracts can be improved 98% of the time. Although cataract surgery has been performed since ancient times, the last half-century has seen remarkable refinements of the procedure. More advances in lens removal has occurred and


Metal halide perovskites attract significant interest due to their remarkable performance in optoelectronic devices. However, the gap in understanding the relationship between their nanoscale structure and properties limits their application towards novel devices. In this work, twinned ferroelastic domains in single 500 nm CsPbBr3 particles are studied with 3D Bragg coherent x-ray diffraction imaging. A preferential double-domain structure is revealed in four identical particles, with one domain oriented along the [110] and the other along the [002] direction. The particles exhibit similar scattering volume ratios of 0.12 ± 0.026 between twin phases, suggesting the possibility of a deterministic formation process. The domains exhibit a difference in lattice tilt of 0.59 degrees, in excellent agreement with calculations of the lattice mismatch at the (112) twin boundary. These results provide important insights both for the fundamental understanding of ferroelastic nanoscale materials and for the performance improvement of perovskite-based devices. Moreover, this work paves the way towards real-time imaging of the domain dynamics in ferroic systems.


The increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in youth aged less than 20 years in the USA is a mounting public health concern. Specific sociodemographic characteristics—racial/ethnic minority, low socioeconomic status (SES), single‐parent home and underinsured—have been associated with increased risk for poor glycemic control and poor self‐management in adolescents with T1D.


The 1–70 keV persistent spectra of 15 magnetars, observed with Suzaku from 2006 to 2013, were studied as a complete sample. Combined with early NuSTAR observations of four hard X-ray emitters, nine objects showed a hard power-law emission dominating at keV with the 15–60 keV flux of ∼1– erg s−1 cm−2. The hard X-ray luminosity , relative to that of a soft-thermal surface radiation , tends to become higher toward younger and strongly magnetized objects. Their hardness ratio, updated from a previous study and defined as , is correlated with the measured spin-down rate as , corresponding to positive and negative correlations with the dipole field strength ( ) and the characteristic age ( ), respectively. Among our sample, five transients were observed during X-ray outbursts, and the results are compared with their long-term 1–10 keV flux decays monitored with Swift/XRT and RXTE/PCA. Fading curves of three bright outbursts are approximated by an empirical formula used in the seismology, showing a ∼10–40 day plateau phase. Transients show the maximum luminosities of ∼ 1035 erg s−1, which are comparable to those of persistently bright ones, and fade back to ≲1032 erg s−1. Spectral properties are discussed in the framework of the magnetar hypothesis.


Both the European Commission and national competition authorities have been traditionally cautious on the application of Article 101 TFEU to undertakings in the agricultural sector. It was due to…


Objective: analysis of the course of the early neonatal period in newborns from mothers who underwent COVID-19 at different gestation periods. Materials and methods. Full-term children under the age of 7 days of life born in the Regional Perinatal Center of Kursk in 2021 were under observation: group 1 - as a result of pregnancy complicated by COVID-19 infection (47 people); group 2 - control group (31 people). The main indicator of the study is the pathological nature of the course of the early neonatal period. Results. The anthropometric data at birth did not differ significantly. Transient neonatal tachypnea (19.1% in group 1 versus 9.6% in group 2, respectively), intrauterine pneumonia (19.1% in group 1 versus 3.2% in group 2, respectively; both had bilateral p values = 0.040) were detected more frequently in newborn infants. Conclusion. COVID-19 infection during pregnancy was found to be a risk factor for the development of respiratory disorders in newborns in the early neonatal period. When interpreting these data, the limitations of the study should be taken into account: the sample size, the observational nature of the study, and the methods used to measure the indicators.


Objectives: To investigate the application of P504s, p63 and HMWCK in differential diagnosis of prostate diseases. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of the P504s, p63 and HMWCK in 93 cases of prostate diseases. Results: The P504s were highly expressed in all cases of prostate adenocarcinoma, but not expressed in normal prostate tissue and weakly expressed in PIN and AAH. The p63 and HMWCK were expressed in normal prostate tissue, but little expressed in prostate adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: The application of three kinds of antibody in one piece was redound to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of prostate diseases.


An extensive test program was undertaken to determine the effect of many design features such as the size and number of air scoops, and the type of diffuser airflow distribution to use to optimize performance of a double-annular ram-induction combustor of 94 cm outer diameter. Six combustor configurations were tested. It was found that a snouted double annular combustor built with 256 ram-induction air scoops with a combustor open area giving a total pressure loss of 5.0 percent at a diffuser inlet Mach number of 0.25 gave the best overall performance of the configurations tested.


In China, due to the fast growing of urbanization and industrialization, many water-bodies have been affected to show strong evidence of Black and Odorous (BO) properties, which cause a huge impact on the people's daily life and destroy the ecosystem around the water-bodes. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the BO condition in the urban area. In order to monitor the black and odorous water (BOW) and protect the environment in the urban area, the government has issued a regulation for urban black odorous water monitoring named as "Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution" in 2015. However, there does not have an effective method to monitor the BOW from the macro level until the employment of remote sensing technology. The remote sensing technology uses the optical characteristics of the water body, and the spectral properties of the reflection and absorption of organic matter in the water to inverse the BO level. Due to faster progress of remote sensing technology, the monitoring of BO by using remotes sensing data become more and more accurate and efficient. The Chinese High-resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS) is one the major project of China. It consists of five sub-system, the space-bornee observation system, near space observation system, aerial observation system, data management system and application system. For space-bornee observation system, it has seven series of observation satellites in a constellation which are named as GF1-GF7. GF1 and its counterpart satellites GF1B/C/D have optical payloads with 2m spatial resolution in Panchromatic mode (Pan) and is able to working together as sub-constellation to improve the time resolution of GF1. GF2 is a sub-meter optical observation satellite. GF3 is a C-band multi-mode Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite. GF4 is a geostationary earth orbit optical satellite for the purpose of high time resolution imaging with the characteristics of 3 images per minutes. GF5 is a hyper-spectrum optical satellite with five other different payload for atmosphere and land monitoring. GF6 is specially designed for the application of smart agriculture with its four added spectral bands compared with GF1. GF7 is 3D sub-meter mapping satellite with three payloads. In order to demonstrate the inversion of BO level by using GF remote sensing data, the Luoshe town is selected with the characteristics of massive water body network and fast growing in urbanization. In this paper, the general payloads information of GF series satellites have been introduced. The demonstration of BOW inversion by using GF series remote sensing data in the area of Luoshe is performed over a period form 2019 to 2020. The results demonstrate a clear pattern of BO changing along with the changing of seasonal temperature and the water flow dynamic. In conclusion, the BOW monitoring method by using GF series remote sensing date is highly effective, specially in a large scale with a time frame can be achieved by weekly or daily with the fusion of multi-satellite data.


Abstract Social media has invaded our private, professional, and public lives. While corporations continue to portray social media as a celebration of self-expression and freedom, public opinion, by contrast, seems to have decidedly turned against social media. Yet we continue to use it just the same. What is social media, and how should we live with it? Is it the promise of a happier and more interconnected humanity, or a vehicle for toxic self-promotion? In this essay I examine the very structure of social media communications in order to sketch how we should engage with social media. Social media communications are, I argue, a public communication of private content. This allows connections to be made with others in ways that would not otherwise be possible; however, it also submits the private to a status competition, which in turn is linked to mental health challenges. A 'virtuous' engagement with social media means being aware of these dynamics, and choosing to subordinate social media to other, more important goods.


Fishing activities using sondong fishing gear are classified as small-scale, with the main catch being shrimp. Shrimp is a fishery commodity that has high economic value, so fishing activities using this fishing gear should provide profits. However, it is currently unknown whether this fishing activity benefits fishermen. The research aims to assess the feasibility of using sodong fishing gear in Babalan Village, Demak, Central Java. The method used is a survey with direct interview techniques to fishermen using a questionnaire. The research sample used was 30 fishermen who were chosen randomly. Data analysis uses cost, income, profit, Revenue Cost Ratio, Benefit Cost Ratio, Payback Period, Net Present Value, and Internal Rate of Return analysis. The research results show that the average investment cost incurred by fishermen is IDR. 17,000,000. The total costs incurred in 1 year average Rp. 105,244,000. The income and profits earned differ in each season. The R/C value for each season from this fishing effort is >1, meaning this business is feasible and provides profits. The Net B/C value of this business is 5.9, meaning this business is feasible. Payback period analysis shows a return on capital of 9 months. The NPV value in this fishing effort is positive. The IRR value is 8.15% > 7% interest rate.


the current situation facing our country every year in recent years, more than 700 college graduates, as local colleges, how to improve college students' thinking ability and innovation, to further enhance the college students' entrepreneurial ability, and enhance the employability and competitiveness, it is urgent to solve the problem. Based on this, based on the analysis of factors of the comprehensive evaluation of university students majoring in economy and management innovation ability influence, to optimize the observation judgment ability, divergent thinking ability of the 10 evaluation index, and use AHP weight of each index in the comprehensive evaluation system was established, to build the comprehensive evaluation of University students majoring in economy and management innovation and entrepreneurship model through, to verify its instances, providing reference and training in order to promote innovation and entrepreneurship education and innovative talents for colleges and universities.


In part one of a two-part series, we explore several apps and security measures you should consider to simplify your day-to-day.


Curcumin inhibits UDP‐glucuronyltransferases, a primary metabolic pathway for cancer chemotherapeutic agents like irinotecan. Concurrent administration of both agents may exacerbate irinotecan toxicity. We conducted this phase I study to determine the safety of concurrent curcumin and irinotecan administration. Ten participants with advanced solid tumors received one of four doses (1, 2, 3, and 4 g) of a curcumin phosphatidylcholine complex (PC) orally daily, and 200 mg/m2 of i.v. infusion irinotecan on days 1 and 15 of a 28‐day cycle, to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of PC. Thirteen participants received 4 g of PC (MTD) to assess the effect on the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of irinotecan and its metabolites, SN‐38 and SN‐38G. Irinotecan, SN‐38, and SN‐38G exposure equivalence with and without curcumin was assessed using area under the plasma concentration‐time curves from 0 to 6 h (AUC0‐6h). Safety assessments and disease responses were also evaluated. The combination of irinotecan and PC was well‐tolerated. Because there was no dose limiting toxicity, the maximum dose administered (4 g) was defined as the recommended phase II dose of PC. PC did not significantly alter the plasma exposure and other PK properties of irinotecan and its metabolites. There was no apparent increase in the incidence of irinotecan‐associated toxicities. The objective response rate was 3/19 (22%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5–39%), median progression free survival and overall survival (n = 23) were 4 months (95% CI: 2.9–8.9 months) and 8.4 months (95% CI: 3.7 – not evaluable [NE]), respectively. Future studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of this combination.


ABSTRACT Tourism was one of the fastest-growing sectors of the global economy before the COVID-19 pandemic, accounting for around 10% of global GDP. This has created a number of challenges including environmental degradation, especially in small island countries where the carbon footprint of tourism constitute a substantial share of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This study investigates the impact of tourism on CO2 emissions in a relatively homogenous panel of 15 Caribbean countries over the period 1960–2019. The results show that international tourist arrivals have a statistically and economically significant effect on CO2 emissions, after controlling for other economic, institutional and social factors. Managing tourism sustainably requires a comprehensive set of policies and reforms aimed at reducing its environmental impact, and curbing excessive dependency on fossil fuel-based energy consumption.


Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: Communications ultra large bande. English Ultra-wideband radio propagation channels / Pascal Pagani ... [et al.]. p. cm.-(A practical approach) Includes bibliographical references and index.


Abstract : Four 'engineering' ceramics were subjected to impact (single particle) and erosion (multiple impacts) under conditions which simulate a natural dust environment in the subsonic velocity regime. The target materials are hot pressed Si3N4, reaction bonded Si3N4, glass bonded Al2O3 and hot pressed MgF2. Tests were performed with 6 narrow size ranges of natural quartz between 10 and 385 microns average, and 5 velocities for each particle size. Hot pressed Si3N4 was also impacted with SiC under the same particle size velocity conditions. The results are discussed in terms of current erosion and impact models by considering particle size-velocity dependencies, appearance of the impact damage, and the basic properties and structure of the targets. Under these erosion conditions, the four target materials exhibited widely different behavior not only in absolute amount of material removed, but also in mechanism of removal. The systems hot pressed Si3N4-SiC particles and MgF2-quartz particles were characterized by plastic impact with associated lateral and radial crack formation, and erosion loss was proportional to particle mass and velocity to the fourth power. Erosion of hot pressed Si3N4 impacted with quartz particles was proportional to the first power of particle size and velocity, and loss occurred by minor chipping with no secondary crack formation. Erosion of glass bonded Al2O3 and reaction bonded Si3N4 did not show a consistent particle size-velocity dependence. The variation is related to the two phase structure of these materials.


In this paper, the coordinated control problem for a class of distributed networked multi-agent systems (NMASs) is studied. An event-triggered predictive coordinated control (ETPCC) scheme is proposed to compensate for the communication delay between controllers as well as to reduce the communication frequency. With the aim of reducing the frequency of data transfer among controllers and saving resources, a distributed event-triggered condition is designed to decide when to transfer information. Further, a cost function using predicted values is proposed to measure the cooperative performance among the agents, and the required control increment for each agent is obtained by minimizing the cost function. Simulation and experimental examples show that the proposed ETPCC strategy works effectively.


The effects of pear rust disease on the photosynthesis,prolificacy,fruit quality and growth vigor of "Huasu" pear were investigated under the field condition.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate decreased gradually along with the increase of the disease index of pear rust disease in leaves,and the net photosynthetic rate became negative when leaves disease index was up to grade nine.Moreover,tree disease index was negatively correlated to tree growth vigor,fruit size,content of soluble solids and reducing sugar,while was positively correlated to titratable acid content.


### The Case:

A 70-year-old woman presents within 4 hours of acute onset of loss of consciousness and right-sided weakness. NIHSS score is 17. Plain, non-contrast, head CT scan (NCCT) shows no ICH or early signs of ischemia. She meets all eligibility criteria for intravenous thrombolysis (IV tPA).

### The Questions:

### The Controversy:

should advanced brain imaging studies be performed in patients with suspected stroke presenting within 4.5 hours of symptom onset.

This case, on superficial glance, is a classic example of a patient who should receive intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV tPA). Indeed, for the "lumpers," who worship at the altar of evidence-based medicine, this would be the only appropriate course of action. On the other hand, the "splitters" believe that stroke treatment should be individually tailored and guided by tissue pathophysiology. Since the 1980s, the more devout splitters have been searching for what they believe to be the "Holy Grail" of stroke, the ischemic penumbra. They argue that unless we use the now widely available modern imaging techniques in the routine assessment of patients with acute stroke, we will never gain a sophisticated understanding of …


Abstract #4006 Introduction: Accurate assessment of the extent of residual breast cancer is crucial for the surgical planning after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Compared to conventional imaging, MRI shows superior ability to monitor tumor response. Nonetheless, controversy exists about the precision of MRI to visualize disease extent after NAC. The aim of this study was to determine which variables influence the accuracy of MRI.
 Methods: Retrospective analysis of 130 patients treated with NAC. Contrast-enhanced MRI studies were performed on a 1.5-T scanner with a dedicated breast coil before, during and after NAC. The outcome parameters were the accuracy of the estimation of tumor size on final MRI and the accuracy in predicting the ability to perform breast conserving therapy (BCT). Tumor size on the final MRI was therefore compared to residual tumor size on pathology. Discrepancy Results: In 61/130 patients (47%) the difference between size on MRI and size on pathology was >10 mm. In 50% (n=32) this discrepancy between pathology and MRI would lead to different surgical treatment. Based on the MRI indication for BCT, 19 patients would have unjustly undergone BCT (disease extent at MRI 30 mm). In 13 patients MRI alone would have led to mastectomy (extent >30 mm) while the actual extent at pathology was Conclusions: The results show the strengths and limitations in monitoring tumor response with MRI. For preoperative assessment the final MRI should be evaluated with the knowledge of the baseline MRI and the molecular and histological subtype. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4006.