INFECTIOUS AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES account for a large burden of disease worldwide, causing the death of roughly a million people each month (WHO 2004). This book is about some of the ways in which this enormous problem is being addressed. The book comprises a collection of papers from the global Conference on vaccines, prevention, and public health and is as much about public health thinking in communicable disease control as it is specifically about vaccines. Its contributors are practitioners in the field of immunisation and communicable disease control from all over the world. The book is clearly set out in eight sections, with both an introductory summary, Setting the stage, and an Epilogue summary section. The specific sections cover The present, with summaries of measles, rubella and poliovirus control measures, as well as the case of yellow fever which is used as a warning about what can happen if we take our eyes off the public-health-control ball. This is followed by The cutting edge, covering the newest vaccines for Haemophilus influenzae, varicella (chicken pox), hepatitis A, and the two major bacterial infections ? meningococcal and pneumococcal diseases. The future section covers prospects for vaccines to control a variety of infections, including the enteric diseases rotavirus, Shigella and typhoid; two major causes of cancer, Helicobacter pylori (gastric cancers and ulcers) and human papillomavirus (cervical cancer); hepatitis C; and two common causes of viral respiratory disease, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV is a good example of a common disease which carries a large burden of morbidity (Chin 2002) all over the world, especially among children, and yet few people have heard of it.


Aims: Oak– hornbeam forests and related vegetation types (phytosociological order Carpinetalia betuli ) are widespread in temperate western Eurasia. However, their national classification systems are poorly compatible, and a broad-scale classification based on numerical analyses is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to establish a unified formalized classification system based on a large data set of vegetation plots covering the entire range of these forests. Location


This report was prepared prior to the commencement of the Madagascar geochemical sampling in June 2005. In the absence of any orientation phase for the project, the suggested sampling methodology is based on the experience gained from previous international geochemical mapping projects, particularly Mauritania and Morocco.
Detailed procedures for collecting stream sediment and panned concentrate samples are given along with information on how sites and samples should be numbered and sample field cards completed.
The annexes to the report contain useful information that will be relevant and helpful to the project.


Professor Ming Chen is the 2015 recipient of the KSU Foundation Distinguished Research Award in Artistic and Creative Activities. She is a native of Shanghai, China and received her BFA and MFA degrees from Shanghai Theatre Academy. She also earned an MA in theatrical production from the University of Pittsburgh. During the 1990-91 school year she served on the faculty of the State University of New York at Buffalo. Since 1991 she has been a professor of theatre and performance studies at KSU. She has directed or co-directed a number of cultural exchange programs, and she serves as KSU's resident theatrical designer. Her book, Visual Literacy for Theatre, was published in 2011.


Mapping sequences of discrete data to a point in a continuous space makes it difficult to retrieve those sequences via random sampling. Mapping the input to a volume would make it easier to retrieve at test time, and that's the strategy followed by the family of approaches based on Variational Autoencoder. However the fact that they are at the same time optimizing for prediction and for smoothness of representation, forces them to trade-off between the two. We improve on the performance of some of the standard methods in deep learning to generate sentences by uniformly sampling a continuous space. We do it by proposing AriEL, that constructs volumes in a continuous space, without the need of encouraging the creation of volumes through the loss function. We first benchmark on a toy grammar, that allows to automatically evaluate the language learned and generated by the models. Then, we benchmark on a real dataset of human dialogues. Our results indicate that the random access to the stored information is dramatically improved, and our method AriEL is able to generate a wider variety of correct language by randomly sampling the latent space. VAE follows in performance for the toy dataset while, AE and Transformer follow for the real dataset. This partially supports to the hypothesis that encoding information into volumes instead of into points, can lead to improved retrieval of learned information with random sampling. This can lead to better generators and we also discuss potential disadvantages.


Submitted in partial fulfilment for the Masters Degree in Women's Law,
Southern and Eastern African Regional Centre for Women's Law, University of Zimbabwe, 2004


Macromolecular interactions play a central role in many biological processes. Protein‐protein interactions have mostly been studied by co‐immunoprecipitation, which cannot provide quantitative information on all possible molecular connections present in the complex. We will review a new approach that allows cellular proteins and biomolecular complexes to be studied in real‐time at the single‐molecule level. This technique is called single‐molecule pull‐down (SiMPull), because it integrates principles of conventional immunoprecipitation with the powerful single‐molecule fluorescence microscopy. SiMPull is used to count how many of each protein is present in the physiological complexes found in cytosol and membranes. Concurrently, it serves as a single‐molecule biochemical tool to perform functional studies on the pulled‐down proteins. In this review, we will focus on the detailed methodology of SiMPull, its salient features and a wide range of biological applications in comparison with other biosensing tools.


After a dose enhancement of aripiprazole a young man reacts with extrapyramidal side effects, which seem to be identical to the symptoms of his acute psychotic state (three weeks before). The assessment of the pharmacologic origin for the rebound effect of the psychosis appears hidden by the psychosocial stress factors and the substance abuse. Aripiprazole is the newest atypical antipsychotic with a mode of action that is distinct from currently available antipsychotic drugs. It acts as a partial agonist and antagonist at dopamine D 2 receptors, thereby mitigating most of the adverse reactions. Such reports started it being used for adolescents. For the correct application see the guideline and references from the current literature at the end.


Over the past several years, there has been considerable interest in assessing wind integration costs. This is understandable because wind energy does increase the variability and uncertainty that must be managed on a power system. However, there are other sources of variability and uncertainty that also must be managed in the power system. This paper describes some of these sources and shows that even the introduction of base-load generation can cause additional ramping and cycling. The paper concludes by demonstrating that integration costs are not unique to wind and solar, and should perhaps instead be assessed by power plant and load performance instead of technology type.


The flow behavior of Nb–V–Mo microalloyed steel at different deformation parameters was investigated using isothermal compression tests. The microstructures of the specimens after deformation were observed through the use of a metallographic microscope. The results indicated that the deformation temperature had a significant effect on the grain size of the deformed specimen and the average size of grains increases with corresponding increase in temperature in the range of 800 °C–1100 °C. The dislocations and substructures of the specimens after deformation were characterized using TEM. The bulged grain boundary was observed through TEM when the specimen was deformed at 1100 °C and 1 s−1. The effect of the strain rate on the dynamic recrystallization behavior was investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The EBSD results indicated that the fraction of low-angle grain boundaries decreased with a corresponding decrease in strain rate, and the average sub-boundary misorientation increased with a decreasing strain rate. The continuous dynamic recrystallization mechanism was determined through EBSD analysis.


This paper proposes a comparison among Husserl, Stein, and Rosmini about the topic of the genesis of community (in Husserl and Stein) and of society (in Rosmini).  For all three thinkers, the recourse to anthropological analysis is fundamental. Through this approach, they investigate the various degrees of human associative forms. The comparison is conducted focusing, in particular, on Rosmini and Stein.


Our study sought to establish a universal and comprehensive method for evaluating the visibility of a human face. This paper examines the peculiarity of a human face as a visual object and the prerequisites required for an evaluation method. Two experiments were carried out under various lighting conditions to subjectively evaluate the visibility of a human face seen through a lace curtain. These experiments showed that verbal expressions used to evaluate the whole human face were related to those used to evaluate each part of the face, and that the luminance contrast between the cheek and the eye was a visual factor corresponding to the visibility human face.


: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a devastating, chronic pain syndrome that can develop following an outbreak of herpes zoster and becomes increasingly common as patients age. PHN can be diffi cult to treat and often requires trials of multiple agents to achieve signifi cant pain relief. Pregabalin is the newest agent to gain approval for PHN. Data suggest effi cacy for relief of pain and sleep disturbance secondary to PHN in affected patients. Although there are no head-to-head comparisons, pregabalin appears comparable to gabapentin and other fi rst-line agents for treating PHN.


In this paper will treat the responsibility of the employer against the employee for damages caused to third parties, as one of the types of non- contractual damage, in some European countries legislations, as well as comparisons between them. How is treated responsibility of the employer over the years, which are the innovations of the legislations for this responsibility for damage caused by the employee. This is a paper which highlights cases in which employers are charged with the responsibility for damages caused by their employers during the employment relationship, will analyze all the conditions or criteria that must be met in order that employers be charged with legal responsibility and to answer before the law and against the injured party by his employers, because employers can not be charged with responsibility, for any damage caused by their employers, limiting only to the fact that between them exists a contractual agreement through which arises employment relationship. In which case the employer may avoid liability for damages caused by their employers, Which are the conditions sets by different legislation for avoiding this kind of responsibility? Is there a such possibility or in every case the employer will be charged with responsibility for the damages caused by their employers during employment relationship? Most of the legislation determine that the employer discharged from liability if he proves that it has taken all necessary measures to avoid the damage but could not prevent it, how will prove this fact in practice?
 DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1s1p423


Larger seeds of chickpea (Cicer arietinium Linn.) and pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp.] gave rise to larger seedlings than did smaller seeds. When approximately
half the cotyledonary reserves from pigeonpea seeds were removed, seedling weight was reduced to about half of the controls, suggesting that seedling growth was related to the
reserve material in the seeds. Seed-grading had no significant effect on the yield of either of these crops grown on a Verrisol and on Alfisol in Andhra Pradesh, or on an Entisol in Haryana or in the Lahaul valley of the western Himalayas. Seeds harvested from pigeonpea
grown from larger seeds were significantly heavier than those from plants derived from small seeds, probably because of the genetic heterogeneity of the varieties.


A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effect of seven different NaCl solution treatments, namely 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM on the growth and yield of BARI Sunflower-2 under sodium chloride stress. Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area showed a gradual decrease from50 mM to the highest treatment level. Sodium chloride stress caused a significant reduction in early stage growth parameters (15 Days after treatments (DAT), while at 45 DAT the percentages of various growth parameters compared to the control plant at the highest treatment level (300mM) except leaf area. Seed yield per plant and weight of 100 seeds were reduced, respectively by 27.69 and 28.44%at 300 mM salinity, while at moderate salinity (200 mM) seed yield per plant and weight of 100 seed were 83.28 and 84.12%, respectively, as compared to in compared to those of the control plants. The results obtained in the present study showed that the BARI Sunflower-2 cultivar is a moderately salt tolerant plant.
Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 11(1 & 2): 13-20, 2022 (June & December)


According to the quasi-steady coneept, this paper describes a multi-order nonlinear model suitable for the real-time simulation of 4-stroke marine diesel engines. The model ing is based on the sufficient test data and the working principle of the engine. These kinds of models not only can accurately demonstrate the internal parameters of the engine, but also need only a reasonable calculating cost. An ahead and astern clutch model is also de veloped by calculating the transient transmitted torque. The realustime sirnulation of the propulsion plant of a special warship equipped with 12VPA6 four-stroke diesel engines is presented as an example.


Subspace Method (SM) is one of fundamental frameworks for pattern recognition. In particular, its discriminative learning version, called Learning Subspace Method (LSM), has been shown quite useful in various applications. However, this important design method leaves much room for further analysis due to the lack of a link between LSM and the ultimate goal of pattern recognition, i.e. the minimum error situation. In this light, we investigate in this paper SM from the viewpoint of the Minimum Classification Error/Generalized Probabilistic Descent method (MCE/GPD). Applying MCE/GPD to SM, we formalize a new discriminative subspace method, called the Minimum Error Learning Subspace method (MELS), which enables one to directly pursue the minimum error recognition. This paper also provides a rigorous analysis of the MELS's learning mechanism as well as a comparison between the conventional LSM and MELS.


Henoch Schonlein Purpura is a mild disease in children and usually self-limiting. Pulmonary hemorrhage is rare in prepubertal children. Our patient had rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, pulmonary hemorrhage, nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, intermittent intussusception, and cerebral vasulitis with seizure. Combination of such severe complications in one patient over a short span of time is very rare. In our experience, we found that combination of iv methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by oral prednisolone plus oral cyclophosphamide to be very effective. Keywords: Henoch Schonlein Purpura, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, pulmonary hemorrhage, intussusception DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4285 J Medicine 2010: 11: 99-101


In this research, twelve normal reinforced concrete beams are used with dimensions of 110Χ10Χ20 cm, the compressive strength for all specimens is 30 MPa. Deformed bars 2Ø12mm with Ø6mm were used for longitudinal reinforcement, while for transverse reinforcement deformed bars with 5cm, 10cm and 15cm spacing were used. The specimens were tied by different shapes of CFRP strips (tied, inclined and X-shaped). All specimens were tested with two points load by a hydraulic machine to determine the modes of failure, maximum load and deflection. Specimens without CFRP strips were also tested and compared with other specimens. Specimens with the X-shaped strips shows 70% increment in Pu and decrement in maximum deflection of 39%. The addition of CFRP strips as a tying material helps in improving the strength and bearing strength of concrete.


In contemporary philosophical thought, Leo Strauss is associated with the rediscovery of ancient political philosophy against modern political philosophy. The rediscovery of ancient political philosophy is the rediscovery of classical rationalism or "moderate Enlightenment" against modern rationalism or "radical Enlightenment" and can be understood as recapturing the "the question of man's right life" and "the question of the right order of society". This article would like to show that it was his study of medieval Islamic and Jewish texts that enabled Strauss to rediscover the classical rationalism. Also, in this article we would like to argue that although the opposition between Athens and Jerusalem, Reason and Revelation embodies two irreconcilable alternatives or a way of life in his thought, this opposition should be only examined with references to claims about radical rationalism of modern philosophy. In this case, we would like to argue that there can be seen a commonality between these "opponents", i.e., Athens and Jerusalem, Reason and Revelation in terms of both their attitudes towards morality and their approaches to the relationship between philosophy and society.


A Comparison of Blanket and Systems Contracts Blanket and systems contracts are commonly used to procure repetitively needed materials and supplies. The author reports the results of a study in which the structural and performance features of these contractual devices are empirically examined. As expected, blanket and systems buying arrangements differ structurally with respect to a number of salient contract characteristics. Additionally, firms using systems contracts exhibit higher turnover rates than do firms using blanket contracts. Some implications of these findings for buyers are discussed. Purchasing is the boundary-spanning function that links firms to external supply sources.[1] Through purchasing, buying firms procure needed materials and supplies, and utilize, de facto, outside suppliers' imagination, creativity, and specialized know-how.[2] One of purchasing's key assignments is the acquisition of repetitively used materials and supplies. Such items range from routinely needed maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) items to repetitively ordered production materials. A large percentage of repetitively used items are procured using long-term purchase contracts. The lower value items often are purchased using some form of blanket or systems contract. Despite their widespread use, little empirical research exists on blanket and systems contracts. Empirical research on the relative structural properties and performance features of these contractual devices has been particularly scarce. This article reports the findings of a study in which the organizational (i.e., structural) and performance features of blanket and systems contracts are empirically examined. The first section of the article introduces the rationale for long-term purchase contracts, such as blanket and systems contracts, and proposes empirically testable hypotheses regarding expected differences in structure and performance. The second section outlines the sampling and data collection procedures used in the research, along with the empirical measures used. The third section reports the analysis conducted and the results. The final section summarizes the findings. CONTRACT PURCHASE ARRANGEMENTS For routinely acquired maintenance- or repair-type items, or production items purchased on a regular basis, the standard purchase order is a costly and time-consuming procurement device, if one considers the administrative costs on a per-unit basis. It also typically does a poor job of coordinating the order/delivery of items with a buying firm's logistical need for such items. Orders are placed, and deliveries are made, at specified points in time rather than precisely as needed. The result is that received materials are not all used immediately, and the costs of inventorying some materials are incurred. In an effort to overcome the costly disabilities associated with conventional purchase order procurement systems, buyers and sellers of repetitively used items frequently employ long-term contracts. Blanket and systems contracts are especially popular. Blanket Contracts and Systems Contracts An agreement between a supplier and a buyer in which the latter expresses the intention to buy all or part of its requirements of repetitively used items from the supplier for a specified period of time is termed a blanket contract.[3] A blanket contract significantly simplifies the ordering process, because instead of relying on the conventional purchase order to obtain materials, the buyer uses a release form to notify the supplier as requirements arise.[4] This saves time and money, since the need for repetitive vendor evaluation, selection, and multiple purchase orders for supplies from different sources is obviated.[5] Blanket agreements clearly restructure buyer-supplier relationships away from conventional bid-buy techniques. Systems contracts, it is generally agreed, effect an even more radical restructuring. …


The study aimed at investigating how literacy skills development in reading relates with the academic performance of secondary school learners at Essien Udim Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. To achieve this, 446 Senior Secondary Three (SS3) learners were purposively selected from the 15 public schools in the local government out of a population of 1,317. The study raised 3 hypotheses and adopted a structured questionnaire for data collection. The resulting data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Statistics. The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between the availability of reading materials, conducive learning environment and teachers' utilization of literacy materials in the development of literacy skills in reading to enhance academic performance of the learners in the study. It is recommended that teachers should attend workshops and seminars to help upgrade their teaching skills in reading.


TKA is a very successful form of treatment for degenerative osteoarthiritis of the knee. The demand for TKA is growing around the world because of the aging population and the need to preserve people's quality of life. However, one in every 300 knee arthroplasties, pain without any known explanation will be present. The pain may occur either at rest or with movement. The knee may have a good range of motion, and objective evaluation of the prosthesis may show a perfect result, with good positioning of the implants seen on radiographs, yet the patient complains of pain. Adequate assessment of this condition is important for orthopedists who carry out TKA.

 To identify the causes and predictors of patient`s dissatisfaction after complicated TKA (eg., component malalignment, post early/late infection, patellar tendon rupture, … etc), factors of residual pain during activities of daily living and/or at rest, relation of pain and function in determining dissatisfaction, improvement of TKA outcome measures.

 The review included Randomized controlled trials (RCT) that studied patient dissatisfaction particularly related to pain following TKA. Also, we included cluster RCTs, controlled (non randomized) clinical trials, prospective comparative cohort studies, and case – control studies. Cross –sectional studies, case series, and case reports were excluded. Only studies on human subjects were included (studies on patients having TKA).

 25 studies were included from 2009 to 2019; 24 were prospective studies and one prospective randomized control trial.

 Medline databases (PubMed, Medscape, ScienceDirect. EMF-Portal) and all materials available in the Internet till 2021.

 If the studies did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, they were excluded. Study quality assessment included whether ethical approval was gained, eligibility criteria specified, appropriate controls, and adequate information and defined assessment measures.

 There was a need to consider new interventions to promote mental health and wellness amongst patients receiving TKA but this should, of course, be subjected to evaluation of its costs and benefits before implementation. Further research is needed to quantitatively analyze the discontentment factors that emerged from this study.


ABSTRACT We have monitored the in vitro sensitivities of Plasmodium falciparum isolates predeployment and during the deployment of artesunate plus amodiaquine treatment in Mlomp, Casamance (southwestern Senegal) during 2000 to 2004. Parasites remained susceptible to both drugs. Chloroquine resistance levels were high but stable. Quinine continues to be effective.


Two previous Analysis and Modeling Reports (AMRs) Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Systems Management and Operating Contractor (CRWMS M&O 2000a and CRWMS M&O 2000b) provided abstractions of the biosphere dose conversion factors (BDCFs) for those radionuclides determined (CRWMS M&O 1999a) to be of potential importance for the initial ten thousand years after closure of the repository. To continue predictions of dose beyond ten thousand years requires abstractions of the BDCFs for those additional radionuclides defined in CRWMS M&O 1999b to be of potential importance in this time domain. The radionuclides for which BDCFs were generated (CRWMS M&O 2000c) to address the time period out to a million years are {sup 210}Pb, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 230}Th, {sup 231}Pa, and {sup 242}Pu. The abstraction to be used in this calculation for providing as input to the Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) code is the definition of the percentile points, at intervals of 5%, of the set of stochastic BDCF data for each radionuclide generated and reported in CRWMS M&O 2000c. Being based directly on the stochastic data the approach captures the uncertainty in the BDCF distributions.


Years of the Maritime Continent (YMC) is a multiyear international program with participants from over 15 countries. Its overarching goal is to expedite the progress toward improving understanding and prediction of the local oceanic and atmospheric multiscale variability of the Indo‐Pacific Maritime Continent (MC) and its global impacts. YMC is motivated by the unique role of the MC in both the local and global weather climate systems, our lack of understanding of the key processes governing this role, and persistent systematic biases and errors in numerical model output for the region. YMC builds a comprehensive observational data set of the MC weather climate system, encourages observation‐modeling integration, and educates the next generation of scientists who will be the core workforce and leaders to further advance the study of the MC.


In today's economic environment, the company needs to maintain and expand its position in the industry, in this regard, the transition to a process approach to management is one of the most important factors in the successful development of the company. It allows companies to optimize interactions between departments, reduce all types of costs, and thus increase the company's revenues, expand market share and develop investment activities. Industrial enterprises occupy a special place in the Ukrainian economy. Due to the fact that industrial enterprises have a complex structure and many units, and this has a negative impact on their sustainable development. As a result, the problem of transition to a process approach in management is an integral part of the further development of enterprises, which determines the relevance of this article.


The malonate complex of formula [Pr2(C3H2O4)3(H2O)3]·2H2O (1)
was prepared and his crystal structure determined by X-ray diffraction
methods. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic
space group P21, Z = 4, with
unit cell parameters a = 7.631(2), b = 12.899(4), c = 8.923(2) A
and β = 101.11(3)°. 1 is a polymer which grows in the (110)
plane. The hydrogen bond stabilizes the crystal structure forming a three-dimensional
network. The two non-equivalent praseodymium(III)
ions have different environments. Finally, the thermal behaviour and magnetic
properties were investigated.


As extensive experimental campaign was performed to study the aeroacoustic installation effects of an open rotor with respect to both a conventional tube and wing type airframe and an unconventional hybrid wing body airframe. The open rotor rig had two counter rotating rows of blades each with eight blades of a design originally flight tested in the 1980s. The aeroacoustic installation effects measured in an aeroacoustic wind tunnel included those from flow effects due to inflow distortion or wake interaction and acoustic propagation effects such as shielding and reflection. The objective of the test campaign was to quantify the installation effects for a wide range of parameters and configurations derived from the two airframe types. For the conventional airframe, the open rotor was positioned in increments in front of and then over the main wing and then in positions representative of tail mounted aircraft with a conventional tail, a T-tail and a U-tail. The interaction of the wake of the open rotor as well as acoustic scattering results in an increase of about 10 dB when the rotor is positioned in front of the main wing. When positioned over the main wing a substantial amount of noise reduction is obtained and this is also observed for tail-mounted installations with a large U-tail. For the hybrid wing body airframe, the open rotor was positioned over the airframe along the centerline as well as off-center representing a twin engine location. A primary result was the documentation of the noise reduction from shielding as a function of the location of the open rotor upstream of the trailing edge of the hybrid wing body. The effects from vertical surfaces and elevon deflection were also measured. Acoustic lining was specially designed and inserted flush with the elevon and airframe surface, the result was an additional reduction in open rotor noise propagating to the far field microphones. Even with the older blade design used, the experiment provided quantification of the aeroacoustic installation effects for a wide range of open rotor and airframe configurations and can be used with data processing methods to evaluate the aeroacoustic installation effects for open rotors with modern blade designs.


: Introduction: Hepatic hydatid disease usually runs asymptomatically, while clinical features, if present, are usually due to complications that supervene. Aims and objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyse the surgical management of obstructive jaundice due to spontaneous intrabiliary rupute hydatid cysts of liver. Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore during January 2019 to July 2019. The data was collected from 116 patients. A cyst-biliary communication was detected in 24 (21%) patients. These patients were examined in 2 groups: 15 (13%) had an occult perforation and 9 (8%) had a frank intrabiliary rupture. Results: The data was collected from 116 patients. The age range was from 8 to 75 years (mean, 40 years). The most common presenting symptom was right upper quadrant abdominal pain. A history of jaundice was found in 9 (8%) of the patients. Thirteen patients (11%) were asymptomatic. The duration of symptoms ranged from 1 month to 7 years (median, 3 months). The disease was primary in 22 (92%) patients, and recurrent in 2 (8%). Seventeen patients (71%) had a single cyst, and 7 (29%) had multiple cysts. Conclusion: It is concluded that better results can be obtained by using the clinical predictors that are demonstrated in this study for the early diagnosis and proper management of an intrabiliary rupture of a hydatid cyst of the liver.


For an acutely ill adult who was semi-conscious, unable to speak, unable to feed himself and doubly incontinent, special nursing care would be considered absolutely necessary; in other words such a patient would require three nurses, to 'special him' throughout the twenty-four hours. Nursing administrators sometimes have to be reminded that every sick newborn baby is in exactly the same situation and the only respect in which the burden of nursing care is reduced is that the newborn are easier to lift. Of course to some extent every well newborn baby is in the same situation as the adult just described but where he differs from the sick baby is that he is able to maintain a stable internal environment in the presence of a moderately unstable and varying external environment. In contrast the ill newborn baby is at the prey of environmental circumstances which have therefore to be very carefully controlled. Of most immediate importance is environmental temperature.


Testing the performance of different spatial interpolation techniques on mapping short dataseries of precipitation properties. Spatial interpolation, in the context of spatial analysis, can be defined as the derivation of new data from already known information, a technique frequently used to predict and quantify spatial variation of a certain property or parameter. In this study we compared the performance of Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Ordinary Kriging and Natural Neighbor techniques, applied in spatial interpolation of precipitation parameters (pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids). These techniques are often used when the area of interest is relatively small and the sampled locations are regularly spaced. The methods were tested on data collected in Iasi city (Romania) between March – May 2013. Spatial modeling was performed on a small dataset, consisting of 7 sample locations and 13 different known values of each analyzed parameter. The precision of the techniques used is directly dependent on sample density as well as data variation, greater fluctuations in values between locations causing a decrease in the accuracy of the methods used. To validate the results and reveal the best method of interpolating rainfall characteristics, leave-one – out cross-validation approach was used. Comparing residues between the known values and the estimated values of pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids, it was revealed that Natural Neighbor stands out as generating the smallest residues for pH and electrical conductivity, whereas IDW presents the smallest error in interpolating total dissolved solids (the parameter with the highest fluctuations in value).


The dorsal premotor cortex residing in the dorsolateral aspect of area 6 is a rostrocaudally elongated area that is rostral to the primary motor cortex (M1) and caudal to the prefrontal cortex. This region, which is subdivided into rostral [pre‐dorsal premotor cortex (pre‐PMd)] and caudal [dorsal premotor cortex proper (PMd)] components, probably plays a central role in planning and executing actions to achieve a behavioural goal. In the present study, we investigated the functional specializations of the pre‐PMd, PMd, and M1, because the synthesis of the specific functions performed by each area is considered to be essential. Neurons were recorded while monkeys performed a conditional visuo‐goal task designed to include separate processes for determining a behavioural goal (reaching towards a right or left potential target) on the basis of visual object instructions, specifying actions (direction of reaching) to be performed on the basis of the goal, and preparing and executing the action. Neurons in the pre‐PMd and PMd retrieved and maintained behavioural goals without encoding the visual features of the visual object instructions, and subsequently specified the actions by multiplexing the goals with the locations of the targets. Furthermore, PMd and M1 neurons played a major role in representing the action during movement preparation and execution, whereas the contribution of the pre‐PMd progressively decreased as the time of the actual execution of the movement approached. These findings revealed that the multiple processing stages necessary for the realization of an action to accomplish a goal were implemented in an area‐specific manner across a functional gradient from the pre‐PMd to M1 that included the PMd as an intermediary.


Endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis is a hallmark of hypercholesterolemia (HC). This study was designed to examine the effects of resveratrol (R), an antioxidant with lipid lowering properties like statin, on neovascularization along with caveolar interaction with proangiogenic molecules in hypercholesterolemic (HC) rats. Animals were divided into: control (C), maintained on normal diet; rats maintained on 5% high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks (HC); & HC + R (20mg/kg) orally for 2 weeks (HCR). Myocardial infarction was induced by ligating the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Herein we examined a novel method of stimulating myocardial angiogenesis by pharmacological preconditioning with resveratrol at both capillary and arteriolar levels and the potential role of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), e-NOS and Caveolin-1(Cav-1) in mediating such a response. We also investigated the functional relevance of such treatment by assessing whether the induced neovascularization can help preserve LV–contractile functional reserve in the setting of chronic hypercholesterolemic condition. Four weeks after sham surgery and LAD occlusion, rats underwent echocardiographic evaluation which revealed improvement in ejection fraction and fractional shortening in HCR compared to HC. Left ventricular tissue sections displayed increased capillary and arteriolar density in HCR compared to HC. Western blot analysis displayed downregulation of VEGF, HO-1 and increased association of Cav-1 along with eNOS in HC, preventing availability of eNOS to the system which was reversed with resveratrol treatment in HCR. This study was further validated in cardiac specific HO-1 overexpressed mice assuming molecular cross talk between the targets. Hence, our data identified potential regulators that primarily attenuate and blunt endothelial dysfunction by resveratrol therapy in hypercholesterolemic myocardium. *Address correspondence to: Nilanjana Maulik, Ph.D., FACN, FICA, Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA, Phone No: (860) 679-2857; Fax No: (860) 679-2825, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Free Radic Biol Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 October 1. Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 October 1; 45(7): 1027–1034. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.07.012. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript


When boxing was bold, bright and glamorous and the fights were the hottest sporting events of the year, Joe Frazier was king as the Heavyweight Champion of the World. From 1970 to 1973 he reigned, and with his career record of 32-4-1 with 27 knockouts and an Olympic gold medal, Frazier leaves little question that he is one of the greatest fighters of all time.Well-known, loved and revered as a gentleman and a fierce competitor in the ring, Joe Frazier at last speaks his mind in Smokin' Joe -- about growing up poor to fighting in the first $2.5 million bout; about the early days of his friendship with Muhammad Ali and how their relationship changed; and about the often corrupt world of boxing and what really went on inside and outside the ring. Packed with stories that no one outside his family knows (such as the reason he was not drafted for Vietnam, his role in Ali's reinstatement, his biggest fear), Smokin' Joe will finally answer all the questions his fans have been wondering about -- his thoughts on George Foreman, Don King and Mike Tyson (among others), his training regimen and fight strategies, and much, much more -- thereby telling the tale of what it takes to be a champion and a legend. His good-hearted nature and uncanny ability to make you laugh come through as he weaves this story in his colorful style that is personable, funny and a real delight.The perfect gift for Father's Day, and published to celebrate the 25th anniversary of "The Fight of the Century", Smokin' Joe will entertain and enthrall readers with the account of one of America's strongest treasures.


Background. Though highly prevalent, the pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension (OH), postprandial hypotension (PPH), and carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) are rarely studied together. Therefore, we conducted such a comprehensive study focusing on the common role of the cardiovascular autonomic system. We hypothesized that in geriatric patients, OH, PPH, and CSH are manifestations of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and investigated state-of-the-art cardiovascular autonomic function indices in a group of geriatric falls or syncope patients.


copper electrolytic solution containing as additives an organo-sulfur and a quaternary amine compound with a specific skeleton is obtained by an addition reaction between a compound having one or more epoxy groups per molecule and an amine compound, 5 followed by quaternization of the nitrogen in the quaternary amine compound with a specific skeleton is one of the compounds expressed by the following general formulas (2) to (9), ** ** Formula (n: an integer 1 to 5).


Railway operators are having to train and retrain a large number of drivers, both on existing and new rolling stock. Like airlines, some are also planning the annual certification of drivers. The use of actual traction units for driver training is not only expensive and potentially dangerous, but also limited by their availability for training purposes. The use of driver training simulators is therefore becoming more popular. Though simulators have always been associated with civil aviation and the military, there are now three good reasons for their use on railways - cost, safety and objectivity.


Resource-Event-Agent (REA) ontology-based conceptual modelling is a pattern-based approach to structural business process modelling. This paper hypothesizes that diagrammatic Entity-Relationship (ER) representations of REA ontology-based business process models (REA diagrams) are better understood and perceived to be of higher quality by business professionals than informationally equivalent ER diagrams that do not show REA pattern occurrences (Non-REA diagrams). The theoretical background for these hypotheses are (i) cognitive and perceptual psychology theories that explain why pattern recognition with REA diagrams is likely to occur, and (ii) Cognitive Fit theory that predicts performance effects when there is a good match between the mental and conceptual representations of the information required to solve a problem. An experiment with 124 business students showed that REA diagram users were more accurate than Non-REA diagram users when performing model comprehension tasks. Further, participants perceived a REA diagram as easier to interpret than a Non-REA diagram. Given that participants received minimal REA ontology education (though some of them were trained more intensively), the experiment results provide evidence of pattern recognition taking place. The experiment could not show that pattern recognition is stronger or more frequent when users are more familiar with the patterns (because of additional training).


We give a complete list of all the 70 class two groups of exponent p (p>2) and order p^k for k<9. For each of these groups the number of conjugacy classes is a polynomial in p, and the order of the automorphism group is a polynomial in p. In contrast, Marcus du Sautoy and Michael Vaughan-Lee have given an example of a class two group of exponent p and order p^9 for which neither the number of conjugacy classes, nor the order of the automorphism group is polynomial on residue classes (PORC).


A Woman written by Takeo Arishima, is honored as a masterpiece of the realistic literature in modern Japan. Although a heterosexuality runs through the whole story, another undercurent of sapphism flows between the lines. Youko, the heroine with multi identities of woman, daughter, mother and sister, finds her always lost in the imbroglio of sense and sensibility.


A general method is described for creating chimeric proteins by transposition of subdomain-sized gene fragments. The method uses three sequential PCR steps to circumvent several limitations inherent in transposition of small insertions and has been optimized to avoid purification of intermediate products. The sequence-independence of the method permits flexibility in the choice of host molecule and insertion site.


Grafting a voltage stabilizer on molecular chains of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) can effectively improve the materials' insulation properties. Four different samples (XLPE, XLPE grafted with the voltage stabilizer, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) blended with the voltage stabilizer, and LDPE grafted with the voltage stabilizer) are prepared in this paper. Several physicochemical and dielectric tests are performed to investigate the properties of the samples. The results demonstrate that the m‐aminobenzoic acid is successfully grafted onto the XLPE molecular chain. Moreover, the crosslinking and grafting processes are equally important for enhancing the materials' performance of the XLPE. In addition, the grafted voltage stabilizer negligibly affects the gel content and thermal properties of XLPE. However, it increases the crystallinity but decreases the lamella thickness. Moreover, the XLPE grafted with a voltage stabilizer has lower direct current (DC) electrical conductivity, less aggregation of space charge, and higher DC breakdown strength. The trap distribution results indicate that the voltage stabilizer introduces shallow traps in the sample and the quantum chemical calculations describe that the material bandgap is decreased. Thus, the high‐energy charge carriers are buffered by the newly‐introduced traps and the functional groups, leading to the enhanced material properties of the XLPE.


Combustion in gas turbines or diesel gensets typically represents one of the largest sources of carbon emissions on offshore production and drilling installations, second only to flaring. Significant potential exists to decarbonize these assets via electrification. Many regions of the world where large-scale wind developments are planned or currently being built are also centers for oil and gas production (e.g., North Sea, Gulf of Mexico, etc). It is logical to expect that in the coming years opportunities will arise for operators to directly utilize the electricity generated by these wind farms to reduce their carbon footprint.
 This paper explores possibilities for supplementing conventional power generation on offshore production installations with clean electricity from offshore wind farms. It discusses the feasibility of powering large production assests in deepwater and smaller assets in shallow water.
 The paper focuses primarily on curtailement utilization (i.e., taking power from the wind farm during times of overproduction) and the inherent commercial capacity of such a scenario. Additionally, it addresses steps/measures operators will potentially have to take in relation to the inherent intermittency and unpredictability of wind generation. Electrical power continuity, stability, and magnitude are crucial to production, as well as meeting required process heat requirements on the topsides. Thus, a discussion on the utilization of combined cycle for deepwater large assets is also discussed.


A customer of Sekonden IT is to replace the current setup authoring process for a program called PropCalc with a new process based on a setup authoring tool with high quality and usability. The report aims at present a suitable setup authoring tool for PropCalc by making use of a structured evaluation process evaluate the setup authoring tools on the market. Olof Naessen presents a process for evaluating web frameworks for Java in his thesis Utvardering av webbramverk for Java. The evaluation process is adapted in the report to generally suit evaluation of software. After adjustment to the evaluation process an evalutaion is performed evaluating the currently available setup authoring tools. The evaluation will show that the most suitable candidate for PropCalc is InstallShield Premier but that the candidate that is finally chosen is WiX.


The manuscript provides new slip tendency analyses to constrain the potential for fault activity in Germany, which is important for assessing seismic hazard as well as other fault related processes such as energy extraction and subsurface disposal or storage activities. This is a very interesting manuscript – the material should be of interest to a broad readership, and make a very nice contribution to Solid Earth.


The connections among relational trust, learning and development are implicit in transformational leadership theory. They have also been established empirically in recent studies. Leadership preparation programs often endorse the need for leaders to build effective collaborative relationships that rely on trust. Trust is an emotional phenomenon. However, when consideration of emotions – the cooked and the raw remains prohibited in professional discourse this can limit the development of trust and directly influence the likelihood of leader success in building collaborative school cultures. For these reasons there is a need to address the emotions of leadership as part of a comprehensive approach to preparing leaders for the challenges in today's schools. In this study, it was of interest to learn if an emotional epistemologies theoretical framework could be helpful to engage aspirant leaders in re-examining emotion's role in their practice. In the context of a Masters in Educational Leadership program, aspiring and practising leaders were invited to read and respond to a written report on an emotional epistemologies theoretical framework. They were also supported in their learning by a variety of classroom activities. Reported on here is an analysis of written responses to the paper, which illustrate the students' engagement with its ideas and their struggles with the tensions among competing perceptions of emotion's place in leadership. 1 Some of the material on the original emotional epistemologies theoretical framework has been previously presented in other places: (Beatty, 2002a, 2002b). A later version of this paper will appear in the Journal of School Leadership and Management, Volume 24, Number 3. The authors can be contacted at the following addresses: firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com


Robert Xu, Prashant Athavale, Adrian Nachman, and Graham Wright Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Schulich Heart Research Program and Physical Science Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dept. of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Edward S. Rogers Sr. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada


In this paper, we study the boundary penalty method for optimal control of unsteady
 Navier–Stokes type system that has been proposed as an alternative for Dirichlet boundary
 control. Existence and uniqueness of solutions are demonstrated and existence of optimal
 control for a class of optimal control problems is established. The asymptotic behavior of
 solution, with respect to the penalty parameter ϵ , is studied. In particular, we prove convergence
 of solutions of penalized control problem to the corresponding solutions of the Dirichlet
 control problem, as the penalty parameter goes to zero. We also derive an optimality
 system and determine optimal solutions. In order to illustrate the theoretical results and
 the practical utility of control, we numerically address the problem of controlling
 unsteady convection with Soret effect using a gradient-based method. Numerical results
 show the effectiveness of the approach.


The paper deals with use of numerical techniques implemented in ANSYS software package for simulation of synchronous electric machines with permanent magnets. The possibilities and advantages of simultaneous simulation of the electromagnetic processes inside the synchronous machine with permanent magnets and simulation of the electric processes in control circuit of the drive system with help of the software Maxwell 2D and Simplorer are demonstrated. Results of simulation of the synchronous electric motor drive system of the power steering of a passenger car were collected and discussed.


Rayleigh lidar observations from Poker Flat, Alaska show the arrival of a dust cloud near 20 km on 12 August 91. Rayleigh and Raman lidar observations from Boston provide a measure of the backscatter ratio of the 20 km dust cloud.


Breast cancer is characterized by a series of genetic mutations and is therefore ideally placed for gene therapy intervention. The aim of gene therapy is to deliver a nucleic acid-based drug to either correct or destroy the cells harboring the genetic aberration. To date, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy have generated small improvements in clinical outcomes, but breast cancer is still able to recur and metastases. Thus, the exploration of more effective and safer therapeutic modalities is urgently needed. Gene therapy strategies may be beneficial for the successful treatment of carcinoma of the breast. The immediate future breast cancer gene therapy would suggest increasing success in using cancer gene therapy as adjunct therapy in local control of many cancers.In our study, we want to highlight these different gene therapy strategies for carcinoma of the breast. And along with the intensive study in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, it will gain more breakthrough, and providing a new approach for clinical treatment of breast cancer.


Richard Francaviglia has written a thorough, readable and engaging account of the relationship between Mormonism and cartography in the United States. Many will be surprised that there is in fact s...


Approximately 1% of presolar SiC grains found in primitive meteorites condensed in the ejecta of Type II supernovae. To explain the isotopic signatures of these so-called X grains, material from different SN zones had to contribute to the mix from which the grains formed. We measured the Fe and Ni isotopic ratios of individual X grains with the NanoSIMS. Most grains have enhanced 57 Fe/ 56 Fe ratios ranging up to 2solar. A few grains have depleted 57 Fe/ 56 Fe ratios down to 0.55solar. In contrast, 54 Fe/ 56 Fe ratios are close to solar. Anomalies in the Ni isotopes are even more extreme. 61 Ni/ 58 Ni ratios range up to 3.5solar, 62 Ni/ 58 Ni ratios up to 2solar, but 60 Ni/ 58 Ni ratios only up to 1.1solar. One of the grains with 57 Fe deficits has a 61 Ni deficit, the others have normal 61 Ni/ 58 Ni ratios. The grain with the largest 57 Fe deficit has 62 Ni/ 58 Ni of 1.8solar but solar 61 Ni/ 58 Ni. The excesses in 57 Fe and 61,62 Ni observed in most of the grains can be explained by admixture of material from the He/C zone to material from the He/N (or outer) zones. In the He/C zone, neutron capture results in 57 Fe and 61,62 Ni excesses, and the grain data can be fairly well reproduced by variable admixture from different layers of the He/C zone. The lack of large 54 Fe excesses in the grains is puzzling in view of the fact that material from the Si/S zone, rich in 54 Fe, is required to explain the 28 Si excesses of X grains. We still do not have a good explanation for the 57 Fe deficits of several of the grains; they could reflect the initial isotopic compositions of the parent stars.


tions, but to different ends. For Silver it is important at times to see the transformation of the word Paris into kanji and the names of French characters into Japanese names, in order to show how the foreign crops up again in different hybrid ways in the novels and how this is proof of the uneasy and ultimate failure of the genre. For Kawana, the occurrence of the "pox" of modernity is only really knowable with reference to the pervasive murder mystery. For those of us who prefer linear narratives of history, literary biography, and close readings, Silver's text will be the one that stands firm against the slippery notions evoked in much Japanese crime fiction – that murders are not always so clearly identifiable, that the facts of the case are never enough to prove guilt beyond a shadow of a doubt, and that the very conveyors of the facts may themselves share as much guilt as the suspects. For those more inclined to be frustrated than comforted by notions of stable truths and pat solutions, Kawana's discursive readings, though occasionally more pliant, may ultimately prove more persuasive. But the pleasure of having both of these books is that we don't have to choose. Each offers delights, insights, and frights. What neither book seems seriously to acknowledge, but appears to this reviewer to be present on every page of both, is the critic's or scholar's own deep parallel with the detective. What is fascinating about detective fiction and criticism for the readers remains ultimately at somewhat of a remove from the detective and the scholar. While the tales themselves (literary-fictive or scholarly) spin webs that catch their readerly prey in the mysticism of largely unverifiable facts, what the scholar, detective, or detective fiction writer says goes – is true – at least for the confines of the narrative. If faith is shaken in the detective or scholar, it is generally the reader's doing and not the narrative itself. However, the myriad cases of Japanese murder mysteries and curiosities presented to us by Kawana and Silver themselves break the faith, and cast into doubt the veracity of the tales. What is interesting here is that the scholar and detective are working outside the realm of the mysticism that must suffice for the inexpert reader who often lacks access to the realities (linguistic or experiential) of the scholar/detective; the scholar/detective presents the case, in particular shedding as much light on some facts as they obscure in the shadows of others. The scholar/detective must speak with authority of their own command of the facts in order to construct their tales of what has transpired. And because those tales may be multiple and at cross-purposes, ultimately the thrill and pleasure is in the process of reading, of coming out of the dark toward the climactic solution. And this is true with reading both Silver's and Kawana's book. Like two brilliantly differing detectives seeing a mysterious corpse in a strange position and awkward circumstances, Silver and Kawana each use differing methods to arrive at differing conclusions about the body of Japanese works strewn before them. For both, the answer to whodunnit (or what caused it) of Japanese murder mysteries might well be modernity. For Silver, modernity is that moment of encounter with the West that posits Japan in an inferior role; for Kawana it is when progress toward truth itself is brought up for questioning.


For over two decades the OpenPGP format has provided the mainstay of email confidentiality and authenticity, and is currently being relied upon to provide authenticated package distributions in open source Unix systems. In this work, we provide the first language theoretical analysis of the OpenPGP format, classifying it as a deterministic context free language and establishing that an automatically generated parser can in principle be defined. However, we show that the number of rules required to describe it with a deterministic context free grammar is prohibitively high, and we identify security vulnerabilities in the OpenPGP format specification. We identify possible attacks aimed at tampering with messages and certificates while retaining their syntactical and semantical validity. We evaluate the effectiveness of these attacks against the two OpenPGP implementations covering the overwhelming majority of uses, i.e., the GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) and Symantec PGP. The results of the evaluation show that both implementations turn out not to be vulnerable due to conser- vative choices in dealing with malicious input data. Finally, we provide guidelines to improve the OpenPGP specification


OBJECTIVE To compare and analyze the status of rational usage of antibiotics pre-and post-intervention,and to promote the development of scientific and rational clinical usage of antibacterial drugs.METHODS The data of medication of two patient groups in 2006(pre-intervention)and 2008(post-intervention)were collected and compared.RESULTS The prescription of antibiotics in the year 2008 was decreased by 12.00%(P0.01)when compared with the year 2006.The rationality of antibiotics use was improved by 40.39%(P0.01),the average duration of antiseptic use onⅠincision operations was shortened by 1.7 days(P0.01).CONCLUSION The formulation and implementation of intervention methods of rational drug use in our hospital are proved practicable and effective.


This paper describes the overhead function of bit error,such as J1,C2,V5 etc,and the online monitors of SDH bit-error performance,discusses the causes,methods and relevant suggestions for the interconnection of optical communication equipments.It stresses the causes of bit error and analyzes the processing methods for the interconnection bit error of 10Gbit/s optical communication equipments.Through comparing the causes for producing the bit error by ZTE SDH equipments(10G)and Huawei SDH equipments(10G)in the optical port interconnection,this paper treats of the processing methods and thoughts for bit error problem resulted from the equipment interconnection of SDH optical equipments by different manufacturers.


Results of cytologic studies are often presented as graphs, distribution curves or profiles. Further analysis of such data requires description of the profiles in numerical form. This article describes the use of moments about the mean, decomposition into Gaussian components and calculation of Fourier coefficients for the characterization of cytologic data profiles. Fully worked numerical examples suitable for execution on a pocket calculator are given.


In this study, two Chua's circuits with lossless transmission lines placed in parallel are investigated. The effect of the crosstalk is modeled by the connections via coupling capacitors or mutual inductors. By computer simulations, we confirm that two Chua's circuits are synchronized in in-pahse or anti-phase by the crosstalk effect of the transmission lines.


The development of high efficiency thermoelectric materials would revolutionize energy harvesting capabilities and be useful for a large number of applications. Hybrid organic–inorganic nanostructured materials are an intriguing platform for developing efficient thermoelectric systems due to the possibility of independently controlling the thermal and electrical conductivity of the material with intelligent choices for material components. In this study we control the thermopower of hybrid 2-dimensional (2D) nanoparticle–molecule superlattices by systematically modifying molecular properties. Five conjugated, ladder-type, heteroacene molecules are used to interlink gold nanoparticles and control the thin films' properties. Interestingly, we measure a change in the sign of the Seebeck coefficient, corresponding to a crossover of the majority charge carrier (from hole to electron). Hall-effect measurements are used to confirm the change in dominant carrier for these systems. And density functional theory (D...


AUTHOR Falk, William W.; And Others TITLE The Occupational Projections of Rural Blacks from Segregated and Desegregated Schools. INSTITUTION Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. SPONS AGENCY Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO TAES-H-2811; USDA-CSRS-S-81 PUB DATE Mar 74 NOTE 32p.; Paper presented at the Southwestern Sociological Association annual meeting, Dallas, Tex., March 1974; Related document is ED081543


The study examined the effect of firm capital structure decisions on their performance based on a sample of non-financial firms. The results of the study show that capital structure decisions thus affect firms' performance significantly. The study sampled 20 listed firms on the Ghana Stock Exchange over a 7 year period from 2010 to 2016. The study used both equity ratios and leverage ratios to measure capital structure. In all the regression results, the leverage variables were inversely related to performance. Short-term debt to equity which was expected to be positively related to performance is equally negatively related. The argument for short-term debt being positively related is due to the fact that such funds are generally cheap and easily accessible. However, the significance of such decisions on performance is mostly observed on equity holders. Thus, the return on equity as a measure of performance is significantly impacted by capital structure decisions. This is true regardless of the financial leverage variable observed, be it short-term debt, long-term debt or total debt. This, therefore, suggests that managements' decision regarding how much debt to be employed in a business is constantly made with shareholders being the revolving factor.


A total of 63 species of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajoidei) were surveyed, along with three species of the outgroup (Chondrichtyes: Rhinobatoidei) for electric organs along the sides of the tail. All skate specimens examined possessed what appeared to be functional electric organs, and the three species of the outgroup lacked evidence of electric organs. The electric organs were tail‐positive and arranged into horizontal columns divided by transverse septa. The electrocytes varied considerably within and among supraspecific taxa (subgenera and genera), but they could be broadly classified into cup‐shape, modified cup‐shape, intermediate‐shape, and disc‐shape cells, provided that the distinction was partially based on position of the electrocytes within their connective tissue chambers. The survey, in part, corroborates a phylogenetic hypothesis of skates and in some respects further resolves the hypothesis. The supraspecific taxa Atlantoraja and Rioraja have similar derived‐type electrocytes, as do the five supraspecific taxa of Rajini, and Cruriraja and Anacanthobatis, and to a lesser extent the supraspecific taxa Arhynchobatis, Psammobatis, and Sympterygia, and the supraspecific taxa Notoraja, Pavoraja, and Pseudoraja, corroborating the hypothesis. The supraspecific taxa Amblyraja, Rajella, Leucoraja, Breviraja, and Dactylobatus were unresolved in the phylogenetic hypothesis, but the electrocyte survey suggested that Leucoraja, Breviraja, and Dactylobatus were derived with respect to Amblyraja and Rajella. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The objectives and requirements for water quality monitoring in utility power plants are discussed in an overview fashion. This includes the available instrumentation and some discussion of further development work that is needed.


Today's wireless networks have become increasingly heterogenous, mobile and dense. To satisfy the rising demands of ubiquitous connections, billions of multi-radio gateways have to be deployed, inevitably incurring high deployment cost and extra traffic overhead. Recent advances on Cross-Technology Communication (CTC) have shown its ability to avoid these drawbacks. However, the state-of-the-art CTCs from Bluetooth to WiFi, two of the most popular wireless techniques, still suffer from low data-rate (e.g., 3.1Kbps), which severely restricts their applicability. We present BlueFi, the first physical-layer CTC (PHY-CTC) from Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to WiFi, which enables high throughput, bidirectional and parallel transmissions between BLE and WiFi via spectral analysis. The key observation is that commodity WiFi chipsets can operate in the spectral analysis mode, in which WiFi can recognize specific BLE signal waveforms in frequency domain at symbol-level granularity. Leveraging this feature, we manufacture desired waveforms by choosing frame payload at BLE side, and observe spectral patterns at WiFi side. To achieve bidirectional links, we design a PHY-CTC method from WiFi to BLE based on signal emulation. We implement our prototype on USRP (with 802.11g PHY) and commodity BLE devices. Extensive evaluations show that BlueFi can achieve 120Kbps per link from BLE to WiFi with more than 95% frame reception ratio, over 38x faster than state-of-the-art CTCs. Moreover, BlueFi can support 9 wireless links in parallel, leading to the total throughput over 1Mbps.


Hypocyclic mechanisms arc the .basic building blocks in the design of many widely used mechanical systems such as gear differentials, computing devices'and other useful instruments. This paper presents a unique variation to the conventional hypocyclic system configuration in that the rotating elements are spring-constrained instead of rigid arm constrained. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the operational characteristics of the mechanism. The model was coded in Fortran IV conputer language and a simulation survey was conducted for a set of geometrical and system constraints. The results of this survey indicate that the rathematical mdel could be a useful tool in the parametric study and possible design and application of a spring cone trained hypocyciic roller mechanism. The objective of this work wab to Bimulate the operation of a spring constrained hypocyclic roller mechanism. It is the purpose of this work to supply basic analytical information which could aid future investigation and possible design and application of such a mechanical ays tem. Hypocyclic mechanisms, as stated in Reference 111, describe in general a large f&ly of mechanical systems in which one or more concentric elements are rotating about a moving axis while at the same time are rolling along the inner contour of a concentric cavity. These types of mechanisms have many unique applications in gear differentials, computing devices, and other useful instruments. The hypacyclic mechanism considered here ie shown schematically in Figure 1. This mechanism is unique with respect to other hypocyclic mechanisms in that the rotating elements are spring constrained instead of rigid arm constrained, which adds a high level of complexity to the problem. The mechanism consists of a stationary housing with circular cavity, a rotor, a roller and 'a flexible spring connecting the roller to the rotor. The rotor is located eccentrically within the housing and is assumed to rotate at a constant angular velocity. The roller element, pulled along by the spring and.puehed radially outward by the centrifugal and apring forces, rolls along the houbipg inner.wal.1. The roller rotates at a varying angular velocity due t o . thh changing geometrical configuration of the system. Fig. 1 Schematic of the Spring Constrained .. Hypocyclic Roller Mechanism The mathematical model is developed to simulate the operating characteristics of the spring constrained hypocyclic roller mechanism which is subject to a given set of getmetrical and system constraints. The geometrical constraints include physical parameters such as housing size, rotor eccentricity, spring size, rotor diameter and roller size. The system constraint is rotor speed. The ro l l e r kinetics are related direct ly t o the changing . . geometrical configuratfcm of the spring, L,e,, its deflection characteristics. However, the geametrical configuration of the epring is also, i n part, a functian'of the ro l l e r kinet%cs which contribute t o the spring force system. This complex' interiiependence is further complicated by f i n i t e spring (thin bean) deflections caused.by both l a t e r a l and axia l forces. Only steady s t a t e conditions, i.e., constant rotor angular velocity, are considered f o r ' a speed regime where the ~ c c e l e r a t i m forces within the spring are negligible. That is, the spring is aesumed mass-less. The jus t i f ica t ion fo r t h i s is that a t low rotor speed regimes which could be useful fo r some machinery, the centrifugal.forcee and a l l other acceleration forcee within the spring e re -11 compared to the acceleration forcee of the ro l l e r and the spring forces that a r i se due t o flexure. CHAPTER XI DEVELOl;mENT THE MBlXEMATICLIL MODEL The pert inent geametrical parameters of the spring constrained hypocyclic r o l l e r mechanismare b h m ' i n Figure 2. The direct ion of rotor ro ta t ion is assumed counter clocbcwise. The namenclatore f o r Figure 2 is as follows: mle fran housing horieuntal axis t o l i n e QO, measured counter-clockwise as shawn angle from houeing horizontal axis t o l i n e PC meamred count er-.clockwise a s ahawn center of rotor rotation


following ischaemia (Stoner and Green, 1947, 1948. 1951), and that the toxic effects of these pentose compounds are strongly potentiated by thromboplastin (Green and Stoner, 1947). We have, however, no direct evidence at all that pentose compounds, thromboplastin, or both are concerned in the mechanism. Indeed, the pentose compounds are likely to be vasodepressor and most certainly do not provide the hypertensive agent, the nature of which remains the crux of the problem. The formation of this agent is probably an adaptive mechanism to preserve an adequate blood supply to the placental site. By exclusion the placenta seems to be its most likely source of origin, for ischaemic muscle does not release pressor substances, and the common occurrence of pre-eclampsia when a hydatidiform mole is present excludes the foetus as a source. Finally, we present some new arguments for the ischaemic theory, arising directly from findings of the Sheffield Traumatic Shock Team. Muscle ischaemia may lead to a profound general interference with carbohydrate utilization. Any superadded disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism strongly increases the harmful effects of the post-ischaemic state. In regions where pellagra and beriberi are endemic the incidence of preeclampsia rises steeply, and diabetics are known to be more prone. All these diseases are manifestations of faulty carbohydrate utilization. In striking contrast general undernutrition, as distinct from specific vitamin deficiencies, reduces susceptibility, possibly by diminishing the growth rate of the foetus. Of the many environmental factors affecting the bodily response to tissue ischaemia, the air temperature is perhaps the most important. A fall of a degree or two may convert a mild into a severe, even fatal, reaction. Though not proved, there is a strong impression that pre-eclampsia occurs most commonly when there is a sudden change to cooler weather. The direct evidence presented here, supported by such a weight of indirect evidence, strongly favours the ischaemic utero-placental hypothesis. With H. J. Whiteley, experimental work directly testing the hypothesis is in progress, and when this is reported fresh data and points merely mentioned here will be elaborated.


In this paper, the preparation of biocompatible poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLLA)/magnetite (Fe3O4) nanocomposites and their shape memory effect are reported. Fe3O4 nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation and mixed uniformly with a PDLLA matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)


The PARC3D code was selected by the authors to analyze a variety of complex and high-speed flow configurations. Geometries considered for code validation include ramps and corner flows, which are characteristic of inlets and nozzles. Flows with Mach numbers of 3-14 were studied. Both two- and three-dimensional experimental data for shock-boundary-layer interaction were considered to validate the code. A detailed comparison of various flow parameters with available experimental data is presented; agreement between the solutions and the experimental data in terms of pitot pressure profiles, yaw-angle distributions, static pressures, and skin friction is found to be very good. In addition, two- and three-dimensional flow calculations were performed for a hypersonic nozzle. Comparison of the wall pressure results with the published solutions is made for the two-dimensional case.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial-resistant genes and consanguinity in multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MRPA) isolated from the 98th Hospital of PLA,Huzhou,Zhejiang Province,China.METHODS Thirty strains of MRPA were isolated from hospitalized patients between Sep 2003 and Oct 2004.Twenty four kinds of genes of blaTEM,blaSHV,blaOXA-10 group,blaPER,blaVEB,blaIMP,blaVIM,blaGES,blaCARB,blaDHA,blaMIR,aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(3)-Ⅲ,aac(3)-Ⅳ,aac(6′)-Ⅰ,aac(6′)-Ⅱ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,ant(2″)-Ⅰ,aph(3′)-Ⅵ,oprD,qacE△1-sul1,catB,and cml1 were analyzed by PCR and verified by DNA sequencing.Resistant-genes cluster analysis was performed by Average.RESULTS In 30 strains of MRPA the positive rate of genes of blaTEM,blaOXA-10 group,blaCARB,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅰ,aac(6′)-Ⅱ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,ant(2″)-Ⅰ,qacE△1-sul1,and cml1 were 66.7%,3.3%,3.3%,76.7%,3.3%,33.3%,53.3%,26.7%,83.3%,and 3.3%,respectively,and the deficiency rate of oprD gene was 90.0%.The gene of blaOXA-10 group was sequenced and determined to be blaOXA-10 subtype ESBL gene.But the rest of genes were all negative.According to the cluster analysis of resistant-gene,30 strains of MRPA isolated could be classified into four subgroups,which were caused by the infection in hospital.CONCLUSIONS At least 10 kinds of antimicrobial-resistant genes exist in MRPA isolates,and the deficiency rate of oprD gene is very high.MRPA can induce clone transmitted hospital infection and it has fulminant prevalence.


The rainfall phenomena in the pre-monsoon season over the Indochina Peninsula are investigated using geopotential height, wind and moisture fields by the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, and OLR, precipitation and GPS data during the GAME-IOP year, 1998. The intermittent rainfall events during the pre-monsoon period are brought in wide region over the central part of the Indochina Peninsula. In early and middle April, and early May, the lower OLR regions, representing the heavy convective activity, extend southward from the mid-latitude zone to the Indochina Peninsula. The composite analysis in these three rainfall events show that these rainfall events are brought by the trough passage in the upper troposphere which migrates eastward in the mid-latitude westerlies along the southern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau. The moisture inflow in the lower troposphere related with these rainfall events is found to come mainly from the south and east, which shows sharp contast with the situations of inflow mainly from the west after the monsoon onset in middle May. Former climatological studies have shown that the summer rainy season starts earlier in the inland area of Thailand and the onset of summer rainy season is prior to the establishment of the summer monsoon circulation over the Indochina Peninsula. Part of such rainfall is shown to be brought by an intermittent rain phenomenon under the mid-latitude westerlies prior to the monsoon onset. keywords: Pre-monsoon rain, Indochina Peninsula, mid-latitude westerly, moisture flux, wind field


This article focuses on Mr. Kurt, a white, first-year English teacher in an all-white context who has chosen to teach his students about whiteness, white supremacy, white privilege, and the many ways institutionalized racism is enacted in daily life. I center this article on classroom scenarios that highlight the challenges embedded in dealing with race and whiteness in curriculum and classroom discussion. I conclude with a discussion of how possibilities for antiracist and social justice pedagogies in English education rely on the field's willingness to embrace a more nuanced conversation, and I offer implications for classroom practice at the K–12 and teacher education levels.


Counting pedestrians in surveillance applications is a com m n scenario. However, it is often challenging to obtain sufficient annotated training data, especially so fo r creating models using deep learning which require a large amount of training data. To address this problem, thi s paper explores the possibility of training a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) entirely from syntheti cally generated images for the purpose of counting pedestrians. Nuances of transfer learning are exploited to train models from a base model trained for image classification. A direct approach and a hierarchical approa ch are used during training to enhance the capability of the model for counting higher number of pedestrians. The t rained models are then tested on natural images of completely different scenes captured by different acqui sition systems not experienced by the model during training. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the cross entr opy cost function and the squared error cost function are evaluated and analyzed for the scenario where a model is t rained entirely using synthetic images. The performance of the trained model for the test images from the target site can be improved by fine-tuning using the image of the background of the target site.


Vertex algebras in higher dimensions, introduced previously by Nikolov, provide an algebraic framework for investigating axiomatic quantum field theory with global conformal invariance. We develop further the theory of such vertex algebras by introducing formal calculus techniques and investigating the notion of polylocal fields. We derive a Jacobi identity which together with the vacuum axiom can be taken as an equivalent definition of vertex algebra.


Abstract Limiting activity coefficients were determined by comparative ebulliometry or by a modified Rayleigh distillation method at T = 308.15 K for {1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon-113) + propan-2-one or butan-2-one or methyl ethanoate or ethyl ethanoate or methyl 1,1-dimethylethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran or ethanol or propan-1-ol or 1,1-dimethylethanol or hexane or cyclohexane or benzene}. Reasonable agreement was found between the experimental İ values and those extrapolated from our full-range (vapour + liquid) equilibrium measurements reported previously for some of the mixtures. The measured values imply azeotropic behaviour for Freon-113 with the alcohols, propan-2-one, and methyl ethanoate. Through the MOSCED predictive method, the azeotrope screening was extended to other Freon-113-containing mixtures using Freon-113 parameters based in part on the present experimental results.


The Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning programme (SEAL), designed to develop children's social, emotional and behavioural skills in the primary school, was part of the Primary Behaviour and Attendance Pilot funded by the then Department for Education and Skills (DfES) and piloted in 25 Local Authorities in the UK. The data collected in the evaluation of the pilot programme included pre‐ and post‐intervention questionnaires for Key Stage (KS)1 and KS2 children in 172 schools, questionnaires for teachers, teaching assistants and head teachers in 29 schools and interviews with school staff and pupils in 13 schools. Of the school staff, 90% agreed that the programme had been at least relatively successful overall. All responding headteachers, 87% of teachers and 96% of non‐teaching staff agreed that the programme promoted the emotional well‐being of children, while 82% of teachers agreed that it increased pupils' ability to control emotions such as anger. Only 48% of teachers agreed that it reduced bullying, although this rose to 74% of non‐teaching staff—suggesting that there was a greater impact on playground as opposed to classroom behaviour in this respect. The interview data indicated that the programme had increased staff understanding of the social and emotional aspects of learning and helped them to better understand their pupils, which changed their behaviour, enhanced their confidence in their interactions with pupils, and led them to approach behaviour incidents in a more thoughtful way. Analysis of the responses to the children's questionnaires revealed a range of complex relationships between age, gender, questionnaire responses made prior to the pilot, and school factors which made conclusive interpretation of the data problematic.


The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary science teachers' general perceptions of scientific and creative problem solving. The secondary science teachers responded to a survey. The results indicated that most of the teachers perceived enhancing scientific and creative problem solving skills as one of the most important goals in teaching science. However, they hardly implemented instructions for scientific and creative problem solving in their science lessons. They reported the absence of specialized teaching strategies and assessment tools for scientific and creative problem solving, and university entrance exam-oriented social and educational atmosphere as major barriers. In addition, the teachers tended to present limited understanding of scientific and creative problem solving, which is merely focused on creativity. Considering the results, it was thought that a guide to a clear conception of scientific and creative problem solving was needed. Also, many teaching strategies and appropriate assessment tools for adopting and scientific and creative problem solving were required.


This paper applies WSN to biology labs,improves the tradition lab management,and presents a design of lab information management system based on WSN.


This paper is from the following publication: BIERLEIN F.P. and KNOX-ROBINSON C.M., (editors), 2007. Proceedings of Geoconferences (WA) Inc. Kalgoorlie '07 Conference, 25-27 September 2007, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Geoscience Australia Record 2007/14, 249p. ISBN (online version): 978-1-921236-21-8 ISBN (CDROM version): 978-1-921236-52-5 ISSN: 1448-2177 © Commonwealth of Australia 2007 Presented by:


The Southern Hemisphere will see a major expansion in radio astronomy instruments in the future and this will dramatically increase the capabilities of the Southern Hemisphere VLBI array. The Southern Hemisphere VLBI array is presently not well served with calibrator sources and there are significant gaps in the calibrator distribution on the sky, especially at frequencies below 5 GHz. In order to address the problem of poor calibrator coverage of the Southern Hemisphere, dedicated surveys at 2.3 GHz and 8.4 GHz have been undertaken to observe radio sources using the Australian Long Baseline Array (LBA). The goal of these surveys is to find sources which are sufficiently compact to be suitable as VLBI calibrators. We present here a progress report on the imaging from two such surveys: the LBA calibrator survey (LCS), which is an ongoing project, as well as our own survey at 2.3 GHz. At 2.3 GHz, using VLBI observations of 57 candidate sources from the ATCA calibrator list, we identified 8 new sources suitable as VLBI calibrators at 2.3 GHz. At 8.4 GHz, we imaged a total of 122 calibrator sources from the on-going LCS in order to confirm their suitability as calibrators.


This paper explores benefits of incorporating low-cost reliable non-cooperative sensors into cooperative sensing systems configured in a distributed network. It is proposed that this type of architecture can be used to enhance the surveillance mission of users such as the FAA, the DOD, and the DHS. This paper will specifically consider a passive coherent location (PCL) system as the non-cooperative sensor. Some of the benefits of using PCL systems compared to the use of traditional primary surveillance radars (PSRs) are also presented. A top-level system description is also introduced to illustrate how L3Harris's current infrastructure and communications network provides a value-added proposition to its users. Data collected and analyzed from a single Hensoldt Twinvis® passive radar located at L3Harris's Herndon, VA location is presented to characterize the performance of a single Hensoldt TwInvis® passive radar against the Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) baseline.


The impact of transporting SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy) payloads by radio relay systems is examined. In particular, the technical characteristics of SDH-DRR (digital radio relay) and the RF channel widths required to carry the STM-1 (synchronous transport module-1) signal are considered. It is concluded that radio systems can be used to carry SDH payloads; the introduction of SDH-DRRs will result in radio and fiber systems being regarded as supportive rather than competitive media; and the capital investment in existing infrastructure on existing radio routes should be exploited to provide economic SDH-DMR (digital microwave radio) capacity.<<ETX>>


While efforts are underway to better understand the prevalence, incidence, pathophysiology, and phenomenology of FTD, most research participation has been dominated by persons of European descent. Better understanding of early signs, the diagnostic journey, and the functional impacts in historically underrepresented groups may help shed light on healthcare inequities, support the development of more inclusive research study design, and lay the foundation for more targeted care and interventions.


The majority of efficient market research has focused on the major US and European securities market. Very few research studies have investigated the markets of developing and less-developed countries. In this study, the existence of weak-form efficiency of Asian emerging stock markets is analyzed. The sample includes the daily price indices namely China (SSEC), Indonesia (JKSE), Kuala Lumpur (KLSE), Korea (KS11), Taiwan (TWII) and India (Nifty) for the period of April 1, 1998 to March 31, 2009. The hypothesis of the study is whether the Asian emerging stock market is weak-form efficient. The results of Kolmogrov-Smirnov normality test and run test, autocorrelation test and Ljung-Box (LB) test provide evidence that the share return series do not follow random walk model and the significant autocorrelation coefficient at different lags reject the null hypothesis of weak-form efficiency. But the unit root hypothesis provides sufficient evidence that stock prices of Asian emerging markets follow random walk process. On the basis of the unit root test (nonstationarity) it can be concluded that the Asian emerging markets are weak-form efficient. This research enables the security analysts, investors and security exchange regulatory bodies to make policy decisions and to improve the market condition.


Anorexia nervosa is an intriguing illness: the fact that it affects mainly attractive, intelligent young women, the wilful starvation, the near delusional insistence that they look just right, the intensive fear of becoming fat, the obsession with food and cooking, the perfectionist attitude, the secretiveness, and then the periodic gorging and vomiting. It has inspired a large number of publications recently, but there has been no consensus among the research workers on its aetiology. Currently, there are six main theories, organized along different conceptual levels, that attempt to explain this curious phenomenon. They are logically not mutually exclusive. While they overlap to some degree, their main thrust and conceptualization are distinct. This editorial will review the recent findings.


Ever since the development of consumption-based portfolio choice models byMerton (1969) and Samuelson (1969), economic theory has been at odds with the financial planning industry. Financial planners argue that age or the investment horizon is an important determinant in portfolio choice: 'My favorite rule of thumb is (roughly) to hold a bond position equal to your age', Bogle (2007, p. 208). Theoretical economic models, however, imply that age is irrelevant to portfolio choice in the simplest case of independent and identically distributed (IID) asset returns. Recently, the result that portfolio choice is invariant to the investment horizon has been qualified because of the discovery of mean reversion and thus the predictability of stock returns (see Barberis 2000 and Campbell and Viceira 2002). While these qualifications may be of practical importance, they don't seem to capture the rationale for the financial planners' rule of thumb. In fact, in the paper where Samuelson (1969) reported his result on the irrelevance of age, he expressed surprise that his results were at odds with the conventional wisdom: However, before writing this paper, I had thought that points three and four could be reformulated so as to give a valid demonstration of businessman's risk, my thought being that investing for each period is akin to agreeing to take a 1/nth interest in insuring n independent ships. The present lifetime model reveals that investing for many periods does not itself introduce tolerance for riskiness at early, or any, stages of life. (Samuelson 1969, p. 240, emphasis as in the original.)


Based on statistical analysis for reader questionnaire Survey of Zhangjiakou Educational College Library.This essay shows us the problems and causes of problems in reader services.For this,the library has adjusted the focas and aim of the work and has made corresponding measnres.


What is the central question of this study? Does dietary nitrate supplementation with beetroot juice attenuate thermoregulatory and cardiovascular strain in older adults during severe heat stress? What is the main finding and its importance? A 7‐day nitrate supplementation regimen lowered resting mean arterial pressure in thermoneutral conditions. During heat stress, core and mean skin temperatures, vasodilatory responses, sweat loss, heart rate and left ventricular function were unchanged, and mean arterial pressure was only transiently reduced, post‐supplementation. These data suggest nitrate supplementation with beetroot juice does not mitigate thermoregulatory or cardiovascular strain in heat‐stressed older individuals.


An Antarctic Laboratory for Cosmic Rays (LARC) has been opened on the King George Island (Fildes Bay - Ardley Cove) during January 1991. The cosmic-ray detector is a standard 6-NM-64 type. The present status of the LARC project and relevant scientific goals for Solar-Terrestrial Physics are briefly outlined.


Education fulfills a social function. Thus, on the threshold of a pragmatic, dynamic, volatile century, the school, as well as the teaching, is replaced by new social demands. About this issue, so that the characters have a concrete engagement in the social world, it is not only necessary language skills development both in the vernacular language and in a foreign one. In view of this, this paper referred to the research effort to the main contributions of a specialized and epistemological foundation about the prospects of the teaching and learning of foreign languages. About the methodological nature of the paper, the research was exploratory as to the objectives and literature research in relation to sources of information, based on the technique of indirect documentation, the main procedure of data collection. The data were analyzed qualitatively in a critical and reflective perspective which revealed intriguing implications. First, the relevance of learning, mastery, competence and linguistic--discursive commitment in a foreign language at the threshold of an era in which international relations, techno-scientific progress and globalization are intensified. Second, the factors that (do not) enable the effective teaching and learning process of foreign languages. Thus, inferring, there are educational gaps and paradigms. Therefore, the teaching and learning process of foreign languages is flawed. One of the first steps to reverse this scenario is to understand the language as an essentially oral phenomenon, the heterogeneity of students, and the role in learning. Finally, having the pedagogical practice consolidated in the applicability, utility, real meaning of the content and activities for learning students, and, significantly, in the playfulness.


This study aims to determine the factors which influenced the tax aggressiveness. Liquidity, Leverage, Profitability, Capital Intensity, and Inventory Intensity are the independence variable that be used in this research. This research use statistical Eviews. The result shows the factors affect the tax aggressiveness significantly are Leverage. Furthermore, Liquidity, Profitability, Capital Intensity and Inventory Intensity have not significant influence toward tax aggressiveness.