In the last two decades, the international community has given great attention to the issues of deforestation and degradation. In Indonesia, these issues had been a very critical as they were related to the Indonesian government's commitment in reducing greenhouse gases by 2020 through the Reducing Emission from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) mechanism. This paper describes the use of low resolution satellite imagery, i.e., MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) for monitoring deforestation in Sumatra during the period of 2000-2012. The main objective of the study was to derive rapid forest and land cover change information from low resolution imageries in Sumatra between 2000 2012. -----------------------------------------------------------------------* Corresponding author. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com.


Abstract The aim of the article is to analyse the change in the quotations of Polish listed companies, which change the stock exchange index as part of the periodic change in the composition of the WIG20, mWIG40 and sWIG80 stock market indices. The research methodology uses abnormal return (AR) based on daily logarithmic rates of return of Polish listed companies and daily logarithmic rates of return on the stock market indices (WIG20, mWIG40, sWIG80). In this way, they defined the relative strength of listed shares in relation to the stock indices revision a month before the composition of the stock index, when the drawn up list of companies is changing the composition of the index. In addition, the relative strength of quoted shares in relation to stock exchange indices after the revision of the composition of the stock exchange index in the short-term (one month) and medium-term perspective (six months) was examined. The research was based on quarterly changes in the composition of stock exchange indices in the years 2010-2015. The analyses carried out indicate the existence of positive surplus stock returns a month before the change in the stock index. The average number of quotes of these companies above the stock market index at the time amounted to +0.52 percentage points. In turn, the average increase in the prices of the debuting companies in the new stock exchange index within 6 months after their flotation it amounted to +0.97 percentage points over the benchmark (WIG20, mWIG40, sWIG80).


Twelve PCR amplification products, generated by homology cloning using Ganoderma lucidum genomic DNA as the template, were cloned into the T-easy vector and sequenced. Comprehensive analysis using BLASTn, Proscan: version 1.7, and Signal Scan predicted four of the products, LY17.1, LY19.3, LY26 and LY31, to be putative promoters. Of these, LY17.1 and LY26 possessed all the promoter characteristics including promoter core regions, TATA boxes and transcription starting sites (TSS). The sequence of LY31 showed 98% homology with the gpd promoter sequence of Lentinula edodes.


Little is known about the reproductive biology of most Neotropical raptors (Thiollay 1985). One particularly little-known genus is Micrastur, the forestfalcons, which comprise a group of six species of small to medium-sized falconids that inhabit tropical forests from central Mexico to northern Argentina (Brown and Amadon 1968, del Hoyo et al. 1994). Forest-falcons are characterized by a long tail, short wings, and a slight facial ruff (Brown and Amadon 1968, del Hoyo et al. 1994), which appear to be adaptations to tropical forest environments. Here, we report new information on the breeding biology of the Barred Forest-Falcon (M. ruficollis) in a relatively undisturbed lowland tropical forest in Guatemala. Study area and methods.-We studied Barred ForestFalcons in Tikal National Park, northeastern Guatemala (17?13'N, 89?36'W), from 1988 to 1996. Vegetation in the 576-km2 park is semideciduous tropical forest with rolling hills ranging from 200 to 400 m elevation. Tikal has a pronounced wet and dry season. Rains usually start in May or early June and decrease by December. During our study, monthly precipitation ranged from 1 mm in March 1991 to 302 mm in September 1989. Mean annual rainfall was 1,309 mm from 1988 to 1995 (pers. obs.), and mean monthly temperatures ranged from 15?C in January to 35?C in May from 1989 to 1995. We searched the forest daily from March through July to document activity of potential breeding pairs. Forest-falcons are most active in the morning and evening, and we concentrated our searches to these hours, usually beginning between first light and 0900. We followed pairs by sight and sound until a nest was confirmed by behavior of the birds. When possible, we climbed nest trees to observe eggs or young in cavities, sometimes with the aid of a flashlight. Nest observations totaled more than 1,800 h, most of which occurred during the breeding seasons of 1989 through 1992, with incidental observations from 1993 to 1995 and for four weeks in 1996. For each nest, we determined laying date, clutch size, hatching success (by periodic checks of nest cav-


Summary: To safeguard runaway reactions in industrial scale, qualified methods have to be used. While mechanical safety devices are usually installed, their design may be problematic as the runaway kinetics must be known. This may not be the case for many processes due to the required flexibility and possible unanticipated deviations from recipes. It is shown that runaway kinetics can be very fast and can lead to high conversions. Therefore, a method is proposed that does not depend on kinetics but limits the amounts of unreacted monomer in the reactor by monitoring the conversion and by quantitatively determining the hazardous potential. If a potential violation is observed, feeds to the reactor are interrupted.


Spinal epidermoids are rare, and encompass less than 1% of the lesions seen in the spine. They are seen frequently in association with dysraphism, sinuses and other congenital anomaly of the spine. Aquired epidermoids are seen in conjuncture with repeated lumbar punctures and trauma. The presence of an epidermoid without any of the above mentioned associated lesions or trauma is very rare. We present a case of a de novo epidermoid of the dorsal spine without dysraphism, trauma or syndromic association which was successfully identified and removed surgically with no deficits for the patient. We present a review of relevant literature along with this case report.


Abstract : A number of studies have documented relationships between mental model similarity among teammates and performance (e.g., Mathieu, Heffner, Goodwin, Salas & Cannon-Bowers, 2000; Rentsch, Heffner & Duffy, 1994). On the basis of these findings, it has been argued that mental model measurement could be used to diagnose and remedy knowledge deficiencies in applied training settings. In order to be useful for this purpose, mental model measures need to do more than just predict performance. Trainers and trainees need mental model measures that diagnose specific underlying knowledge deficiencies that lead a particular individual to be dissimilar from their teammates or from some predefined expert model. However, few previous studies have demonstrated the diagnosticity of mental model measures. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the diagnosticity of metrics designed to parse the contribution of conciseness, consistency, and grouping strategy in predicting mental model similarity. The ultimate goal of the effort was to support a training-related application of the measure whereby the measure would be used to tailor feedback and other instructional strategies that address the specific knowledge deficiencies of individual team members. Specifically, we were interested in diagnosing the root causes of dissimilarity between an individual's teamwork mental model and (1) an expert model, as well as (2) dissimilarity within participant dyads.


Numerical methods are essential in solving nonlinear differential equations that do not have closed form solution. In this paper, we develop spectral function method that allows L2 projection of an operator onto a finite dimensional Hilbert space to solve Sine-Gordon equation numerically. Orthogonal basis are used to establish computational algorithm. Numerical results are presented. The accuracy and efficiency of proposed method are discussed. Mathematics Subject Classification: 65M70


We provide a novel Bayesian decision‐theoretic motivation for Stein‐type estimates, producing them as an adaptive choice between standard point estimation and estimation that rewards proximity to the origin. Unlike conventional approaches, our arguments provide shrunken estimates under any sampling model or prior. They also lead naturally to a form of credible interval, describing uncertainty about the underlying parameters yet focusing on the shrunken estimate. One specific method for constructing intervals provides a close Bayesian analogue of Samworth (2005)'s approximate confidence intervals around Stein estimates. Several examples are given, showing how shrinkage's focus on regions remote to the high‐support areas of the posterior can lead to substantially larger credible sets.


The recent progress in graph representation learning boosts the development of many graph classification tasks, such as protein classification and social network classification. One of the mainstream approaches for graph representation learning is the hierarchical pooling method. It learns the graph representation by gradually reducing the scale of the graph, so it can be easily adapted to large-scale graphs. However, existing graph pooling methods discard the original graph structure during downsizing the graph, resulting in a lack of graph topological structure. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale graph neural network (MSGNN) model that not only retains the topological information of the graph but also maintains the key-subgraph for better interpretability. MSGNN gradually discards the unimportant nodes and retains the important subgraph structure during the iteration. The key subgraphs are first chosen by experience and then adaptively evolved to tailor specific graph structures for downstream tasks. The extensive experiments on seven datasets show that MSGNN improves the SOTA performance on graph classification and better retains key subgraphs.


SUMMARY Studies on the effect of climatic factors such as rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, sunshine hours, pan evaporation, evapotranspiration, solar radiation, vapour pressure and wind velocity on the button shedding, premature nut fall, and final nut yield of coconut, and crop-weather models developed to predict nut yield, are reviewed. The type of data and statistical analyses techniques used and the areas of research poorly addressed under the different topics are highlighted. Efectos de las condiciones climáticas y el tiempo en el coco


Investigating on the characteristics of a State Nation in Africa contemporary invites us to think a series of matters that transcend its private case. It puts in question notions as complex as culture, State, nation, way of production... To make problematic and to invigorate its approach turns out to be useful to analyze the operation of the companies precoloniales African, the changes in the conquest and the configuration of the state poscolonial, and of simple way the case of south Africa. Nevertheless there is something that crosses of cross way all the matter: the ethnicity.  If we explore in her we will discover that cannot remain outside, she marks the rhythms of fundamental aspects.


In Parthenon: Power and Politics on the Acropolis, David Stuttard engages with one of the most famous monuments of the Western world: the fifth-century temple of the goddess Athena known as the Par...


Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) causes bacterial soft rot on a wide range of crops worldwide, especially in countries with warm and humid climates. This study was conducted to establish an efficient screening method for resistant cultivars of radish (Raphanus sativus) to bacterial soft rot. Resistance degrees of 60 commercial radish cultivars to the Pcc KACC 10421 isolate were investigated. For further study, six radish cultivars (Awooriwoldong, YR Championyeolmu, Jeonmuhumu, Bitgoeunyeolmu, Sunbongaltari, Housecheongok) showing different level of resistance to the bacterium were selected. The development of bacterial soft rot on the cultivars was tested according to several conditions such as incubation temperature, seedling stage of radish, inoculum concentration to develop the disease. On the basis of the results, we suggest that an efficient screening method for resistant radish to Pcc is to inoculate twenty-day-old seedlings with a bacterial suspension of Pcc at a concentration of 8×10 cfu/ml and then to cultivate the plants in a growth room at 25C and 80% RH with 12-hour light per day.


Previous work has demonstrated acoustic output can be adaptively adjusted to follow the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle. Here, a refined ALARA approach is introduced based on capturing a system's underlying noise power and using it, along with the signal power in image frames, to calculate temporal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Acoustic output can then be modified depending on the relationship between the current and target SNR level. This approach uses accessible summed data, minimal computational effort, and requires no additional acoustic transmissions beyond a standard imaging sequence, making implementation on clinical systems feasible. In this work, the noise mapping temporal SNR calculation procedure is validated and then used to demonstrate the improved ALARA system.


In allusion to multi T-type connections in regional power networks, the automatic layout and drawing of single-line diagram of regional power network is researched and a grouped primitives based approach to automatic layout for single-line diagram of transmission network is proposed in this paper. According to the features of T-type connection, a corresponding data model is built and the grouped primitive and the primitive of common lines are designed and through corresponding layout approach for the grouped primitive the layout is completed and the layout is optimized by simulated annealing algorithm. Citing structural model of a certain regional power network, the modeling processing for T-type connections in this network is performed by grouped primitive, and according to grouped primitive based automatic layout approach the layout is accomplished, and the automatic layout and drawing of single-line diagram is implemented on Microsoft foundation classes(MFC) platform.


depending on native language. This shows the complexity of information transport in case of "language vocabulary" as domain of the digital representation DIGINFO. Using numbers which select letters, DIGINFO selects elements of language vocabulary and combines them to get meaning. There is no bijection (no one-to-one mapping) from ORGINFO to its digital representation DIGINFO. Figure and Figure illustrate this in both directions.


Th novel synthesis of the structurally important units of biologically active compounds from methyl amines and isocyanides allows the presence of various functional groups.


Magnetic excitation of the iron-based superconductor parent compound BaFe2As2 at finite temperature are addressed with a first-principles formulation of the Helmholtz energy, which can account for the finite temperature mixture of many magnetic configurations. We find that it is the spin exchange coupling in the interplane c direction that dictates the spin density wave ordering. We have also quantitatively predicted the pressure dependence of the spin density wave ordering temperature, the Schottky anomaly, and the temperature dependence of thermal populations of several low-energy spin configurations, all in agreement with available experimental data. V C 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 111: 3565-3570, 2011


Recently the speedy development of corporate finance theory is mostly owed to applying real options theory to corporate finance. Real options have such a great effect , so it must have some advantages. However, the mathematic principle is so abstruse that it may creat barriers for each attempting to understand and discuss the options theory. This paper firstly introduces the most common method for corporate finance - discounted cash flow, and points out its localization. Then by way of expatiating the history and the principle of real options, additionally giving some pellucid examples,it explains the reason that real options could make rapid progress of finance theory.


This report explores the supports and services available to formal and informal out-of-home carers (foster, grandparent and kinship carers). In conjunction with existing qualitative evidence from carers, it analyses current gaps in support to build an understanding of carers' needs and priorities and the barriers to undertaking a caring role.


Prediabetes is considered as a stage previous to diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is a stage when blood glucose level is higher than the normal range, but it is still not high enough to be considered as diabetes. Prediabetes is an indication that one could develop type 2 diabetes if certain lifestyle changes are not adopted.[1] Diabetes can be diagnosed either in fasting state or after food is taken. It is diagnosed when fasting blood glucose is ≥126 mg/dL on two separate occasions after 8–10 h of fasting. The fasting is considered normal when it is below 100 mg/dL. Therefore, if one's blood glucose falls within these two conditions (between 100 and 125 mg/dL) it is called impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Similarly, diabetes is also diagnosed when blood glucose is ≥200 mg/dL after food intake. Read more....


The poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) blend membranes with different PNIPAM contents are prepared by phase inversion of PNIPAM and PVDF in aqueous medium. The membranes are characterized by thermal gravimetric analyses, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope photographs. The results indicate that PNIPAM chains are largely distributed in membrane pore other than membrane surface, and furthermore, with the increase of PNIPAM content, the porous size, porosity, and water flux through the membrane increase, the hydrophilicity and antiprotein fouling are enhanced. The blend membrane exhibits temperature-sensitive permeability to aqueous solutions, with the most drastic change being observed at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM (around 32°C). Below the LCST, the blend membrane shows a high protein rejection and a low water flux; above the LCST, the blend membrane shows a low protein rejection and a high water flux. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers


~-In Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ydjlp, a DnaJ homolog, is localized to the cytosol with the Ssa and Ssb Hsp70 proteins. Ydjlp helps facilitate polypeptide translocation across mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum membranes (Caplan, A. J., Cyr, D. M., and Douglas, M. G. (1992) Cell 71,1143-1155) and can directly interact with Ssalp to regulate chaperone activity (Cyr, D. M., Lu, X., and Douglas, M. G. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 20927-20931). In this study, the role of Ydjlp in modulating ATP-dependent reactions catalyzed by Ssa and Ssb Hsp70 proteins has been examined using purified com-ponents and compared with that of other Hsp70 ho- mologs BiP and DnaK. Ssalp, Ssa2p, and SsblAp all formed stable complexes with the mitochondrial prese- quence peptide, Flp(1-51). ATP alone had only modest effects on polypeptide complex formation with Ssalp and SsaBp, but prevented the majority of polypeptide binding to BiP and DnaK. ATP by itself also reduced polypeptide binding to Ssbl/2p to a level that was inter-mediate between that observed for the Ssa Hsp70 pro- teins tested and BiP and DnaK. ATP hydrolysis by Ssalp, SsaBp, and Ssbl/Zp comparison of average quantitation of four individual binding experiments = standard error. Experiments were carried out as described above. When present Iz5I-CMLA was 0.7 PM (4.4 x 5 C P ~ P M ) . On average, 12% of the respec- tive radiolabeled substrates were found in association with Ssalp under control conditions. Cold CMLA and Flp(1-51) indicate the presence a 100-fold molar excess of the respective non-labeled substrates in reaction mixtures.


" Reference frames of somatosensory and visual space representations in ventral intraparietal (VIP) area of monkeys " • " Visuo-tactile binding sites are modulated by spatial coherence, attended modality, and task: An fMRI study " • " Multisensory visual-auditory object recognition in humans: A high-density electrical mapping study " • " Deconstructing temporal ventriloquism: How do sounds capture the perceived occurrence of lights? " • " Convergence of affective information in multimodal regions of the human brain " • " The cerebral reorganization of language functions in late blind adults as an example of cross-modal plasticity in adulthood " The ventral intraparietal (VIP) area receives converging inputs from different sensory modalities, raising the question of a common reference frame for encoding stimulus location. By mapping visual receptive fields (vRF) for different eye positions, Duhamel et al. (1997) have already shown that, in VIP, visual space is encoded either in retinotopic, head-centered, or intermediate coordinates. Single-cell activity was recorded extracellularly in VIP of one monkey. Tactile receptive fields (tRF) were estimated by using trains of air puffs delivered through needles arranged in an orderly manner on a mask fitting the monkey's face; this procedure was performed while the monkey fixated a spot of light located either centrally, or at 18 deg. left or right on a tangent screen. vRF were also determined for the same three eye positions by using a moving bar of light. Fifteen out of 26 neurons were bimodal and their visual and tactile receptive fields were found roughly aligned. Changes in eye position did not shift the location of tRF on the body surface, i.e. the tRFs remained anchored to a body-centered reference frame. However, in half of the cells, eye position modulated the amplitude of the response to air puff, and defined a " gain field ". The reference frame of the matching vRF of these bimodal cells was not exclusively head-centered; it could also be retinotopic or intermediate. Therefore, evidence for the use of a common reference frame for the visual and tactile RF was found only in a subset of VIP bimodal cells (n=6/15). This results stand in contrast with observations made in other brain regions, such as the superior colliculus or the ventral premotor cortex, where multisensory stimuli are systematically encoded in eye and body-centered reference frames, respectively. We therefore suggest that area VIP may represent an intermediate stage in multisensory coordinate transformations. …


2-mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO) and 2,6 –dichlorophenolindophenol (In) interact in a mole ratio of 1:1 in aqueous ethanol medium forming the corresponding disulphide and the leuco base. The reaction shows a first order kinetics in indophenol and a fractional (3/2) order kinetics in MBO. The rate shows a fractional dependence on [H+] while there is no influence of variation of ionic strength on the rate of reaction. The rate constant increases linearly on increasing dielectric constant of the medium. The rate of reaction is not affected on external addition of the disulphide and the leuco base. Activation parameters have been evaluated and a plausible reaction scheme has been proposed by presuming the interaction of transient specie with protonated In (HIn+) as the rate limiting step. This reaction paves a way to understand the complex chemistry of such reaction systems and further extrapolation of these kinetic studies promises to be an exciting research arena in reaction dynamics. Key words: Kinetics, 2-Mercaptobenzoxazole, 2,6 –dichlorophenolindophenol


Using the example of a simple-by-design mid-wave and long-wave dual-band infrared zoom lens consisting of three two-lens components made of silicone and germanium, the possibility of reducing chromatic and monochromatic aberrations to a level that ensures sufficiently high quality of the formed image is demonstrated at spatial frequencies of up to 25 inverse millime-ters. As one of the possible ways to modify the zoom lens, it is proposed to place a two-layer two-relief diffractive microstructure on the flat surface of the refractive lens closest to the aperture stop. The efficiency of the transition to the refractive-diffraction scheme is confirmed by the results of calculation and optimization of a zoom lens, the two-lens components of which are made of silicone and amorphous glass of the IRG26 brand..


The 0.01 M phenol + H2SO4 0.5 M oxydation process on Sn02-Sh20^ITi anode electrode is researched by cyclic voltammetry and elctrochemical impedance methods. The results show that phenol oxydation potential is 1.2 VISCE (less than water oxydation potential). This is favourable condition for the phenol oxydation reaction with a high efficiency. The phenol decomposed efficiency at 10 mAlcm^ imposed current during 7 hours is 39% but the COD removal (%) is 62.7%.


A preliminary species classification is proposed for the (serotyped) Old World monkey adenovirus prototypes. Based 16 on partial sequences of the IVa2, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (pol), penton base, and hexon genes acquired by 17 consensus PCR from earlier not sequenced simian adenoviruses (SAdVs), we found most of the SAdVs to belong to 18 one or the other of the two earlier accepted species that contain monkey AdV serotypes. Human mastadenovirus G 19 has been established for HAdV-52, but SAdV-1, -2, -7, -11, -12, and -15 also belong to it. The species Simian 20 mastadenovirus A includes SAdV-3, -4, -6, -9, -10, -14, and -48. Several SAdVs (SAdV-5, -8, -49, -50) seemed to be 21 members of the earlier proposed species Simian mastadenovirus B , together with baboon AdV-1, and rhesus monkey 22 AdV strains A1139, A1163, A1173, A1258, A1285, A1296, A1312, A1327 and A1335. Simian mastadenovirus C 23 should contain SAdV-19, together with baboon AdV-2/4 and -3. Our study revealed the existence of four further


This paper analyzes the problems SMEs faced in the informatization construction. Combined with the advantages of SaaS model, we proposed a new model of information management for SMEs based on SaaS software services. But the SaaS model is not without any shortcoming, so this paper also analyzes security risks of SaaS models and put forward the corresponding countermeasures.


A host-pathogen interaction system was used to test the hypothesis that oxalic acid is the sole pathogenic determinant in the exudate of Sclerotinia trifoliorum. The system allowed exposure of germinating alfalfa seedlings (Medicago sativa) to continuously produced fungal exudate without physical contact with the fungus. Blockage of diffusion of macromolecular components (>3,500 mol wt) of the exudate without alteration of oxalic acid levels reduced the observed inhibition of alfalfa radicle length by 40-50% (...)


The new science discoveries with the Earth-orbiting observatory stretch from nearby star forming regions, to the heart of our Milky Way galaxy, to the horizon of the observable universe.


We extend our analysis of quasi-distributions onto the pion distribution amplitude. Using the formalism of parton virtuality distribution amplitudes (VDAs), we establish a connection between the pion transverse momentum dependent distribution amplitude (TMDA) $\Psi (x, k_\perp^2)$ and the pion quasi-distribution amplitude (QDA) $Q_\pi (y,p_3)$. We build models for the QDAs from the VDA-based models for soft TMDAs, and analyze the $p_3$ dependence of the resulting QDAs. As there are many models claimed to describe the primordial shape of the pion DA, we present the $p_3$-evolution patterns for models producing some popular proposals: Chernyak-Zhitnitsky, flat and asymptotic DAs. Our results may be used as a guide for future studies of the pion distribution amplitude on the lattice using the quasi-distribution approach.


Experimental approach for estimating the long-term durability of high tenacity polypropylene fibres in cement and concrete. For well stabilized pp-fibre material the durability at normal ambient temperatures seems extraordinary good.(a) for the covering abstract see IRRD 812060.


Contents: 1. Impacts of Counterfeiting and Piracy 2. Negotiating History of Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) 3. Preamble 4. Chapter 1 Initial Provisions and Definitions 5. Chapter 2 Legal Framework for Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights 6. Article 2.1 Civil Enforcement 7. Border Measures 8. Criminal Enforcement 9. Confiscation of Proceeds of Crime 10. Enforcement in the Digital Environment 11. Enforcement Practices 12. International Co-operation 13. Institutional Arrangements 14. Final Provisions Annex: Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement Index


Purpose – This article seeks to compare the effects of the 1977 Johnstown Flood on Cambria County, Pennsylvania with the effects of the Great Flood of 1993 on Story County, Iowa. The article aims to specifically compare and contrast the effects of the floods on population, per capita income, employment, education, and poverty rate.Design/methodology/approach – Statistics ranging from 1970 to 2003 were used to create an economic and population overview of Story County, Iowa and Cambria County, Pennsylvania. Short‐term and long‐term effects from the floods are compared and contrasted to reveal possible trends in population and economics.Findings – The data show that Story County IA gained population and college graduates following the Great Flood of 1993. Conversely, Cambria County, PA lost population following the 1977 Johnstown Flood. This suggests that Story County may not have lost employers and may have gained employers due to the flood.Originality/value – These data support previous research by Spence...


Drug resistance is a major problem affecting the clinical efficacy of antiretroviral agents, including protease inhibitors, in the treatment of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)/AIDS. Conse-quently, the elucidation of the mechanisms by which HIV-1 protease inhibitors maintain antiviral activity in the presence of mutations is critical to the development of superior inhibitors. Tipranavir, a nonpeptidic HIV-1 protease inhibitor, has been recently approved for the treatment of HIV infection. Tipranavir inhibits wild-type protease with high potency ( K i (cid:1) 19 pM) and demonstrates durable efficacy in the treatment of patients infected with HIV-1 strains containing multiple common mutations associated with resistance. The high potency of tipranavir results from a very large favorable entropy change ( (cid:2) T (cid:3) S (cid:1) (cid:2) 14.6 kcal/mol) combined with a favorable, albeit small, enthalpy change ( (cid:3) H (cid:1) (cid:2) 0.7 kcal/mol, 25°C). Characterization of tipranavir binding to wild-type protease, active site mutants I50V and V82F/I84V, the multidrug-resistant mutant L10I/ L33I/M46I/I54V/L63I/V82A/I84V/L90M, and the tipranavir in vitro-selected mutant I13V/V32L/L33F/K45I/ V82L/I84V was performed by isothermal titration calorimetry and crystallography. Thermodynamically, the good response of tipranavir arises from a unique behavior: it compensates for entropic losses by actual enthalpic gains or by sustaining minimal enthalpic losses when facing the mutants. The net result is a small loss in binding affinity. Structurally, tipranavir establishes a very strong hydrogen bond network with invariant regions of the protease, which is maintained including catalytic Asp25 and the backbone Asp29, Asp30, Gly48 and Ile50. Moreover, tipranavir directly to Ile50, all do so by being mediated by a water molecule. (Waters). Purified inhibitors were lyophilized and stored at (cid:2) 20°C in the crystalline form. Purity of the inhibitors was determined by mass spectrometry. TPV was provided by Boehr- inger Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research & Development. Inhibitors were dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to a concentration of 15 mM, and several aliquots at different concentrations were prepared by diluting the stock solution in 100% DMSO. Enzymatic assays. The inhibition constant ( K i ) for TPV and the other protease inhibitors was determined by measuring the change in fluorescence associated with the cleavage of the fluorogenic substrate Arg-Glu(EDANS)-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gln-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg. Enzymatic assays were performed in 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0, with 40 (cid:3) M substrate and 1 to 400 nM protease at 25°C. The inhibitor concentration varied between 2 nM and 1 (cid:3) M, depending on the type of inhibitor and mutant used. Several aliquots at different concentrations were prepared by diluting the stock solution (15 mM) in 100% DMSO. The final concentration of DMSO was 2% (vol/vol) in all reaction mixtures. Fluorescence was measured on a CytoFluor fluorescence multiwell plate reader (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) with an excitation wavelength of 360 nm and an emission wavelength of 508 nm. Hydrolysis rates were obtained from the initial portion of the data, where at least 80% of the substrate remained nonhydrolyzed. The catalytic rate constant, k cat , and the Michaelis constant, K m , were mea- sured for the WT and all of the mutants considered in this study. The catalytic parameters were determined using the chromogenic substrate Lys-Ala-Arg-Val- Nle-nPhe-Gln-Ala-Nle-NH 2 , which mimics the KARVL/AEAM sequence be- tween the capsid and nucleocapsid.


The odds of success in creative industries like the book, music or movie industry are often said to be particularly low. A 1763 rule by Denis Diderot, for example, says that only one out of ten published books is a commercial success. Yet, representative evidence on new-product success rates and their development over time is scarce. Furthermore, the standard approach to use sales as success measure can be misleading from the producer's perspective. This paper presents a novel approach to empirically identify producer success by incorporating the standard terms of contract between creator and producer into a parsimonious model of information diffusion (word-of-mouth). The model is applied to a random sample of novels. Parametric and semiparametric estimates imply a success rate between 10 and 15\% for this market. Set against Diderot's rule, these results suggest that new-product success in the book industry has been fairly constant over time.


Tata Steel Research and Development have developed a comprehensive, fully transparent, cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Assessment model which allows any multi-material building to be assessed. The model 'Construction Life-Cycle Environmental Assessment Resource' (CLEAR) allows the user to define key parameters in terms of building materials, lifetime, maintenance requirements and end-of-life scenarios and calculate the associated environmental impacts. It has also been subject to full critical review as required by the ISO14040 standard. CLEAR has been used to generate embodied carbon figures for 5 major building types with the aim to understand the implications for steel construction in the design of low and 'zero' carbon buildings. Going forward CLEAR will be further developed to allow non LCA experts within Tata Steel Europe to utilise the model through a simplified front end when dealing with customers.


The purpose of this study is to describe the process of indexing journal annotated technology. Collection of annotated journal articles index technology done by observation and direct observation to collect data directly from the original source journals in library technology STMIK Indonesia Padang. Based on data analysis concluded, first, collecting journals done directly. Secondly, all journals that have been successfully traced and then grouped to be selected, the number of journals in the field of technology from 2010 -2012 there were six pieces journal article in which there are 70 titles. Fourth, collected from indexing keywords, author name, and journal title. fifth, the next step to do is typing an annotated index. Keywords : annotated index ; indexing; articles index


The simulation of parallel architectures requires an enormous amount of CPU cycles and, in the case of trace-driven simulation, of disk storage. In this paper, we consider the evaluation of the memory hierarchy of multiprocessor systems via parallel trace-driven simulation. We refine Lin et al.[8] original algorithm, whose main characteristic is to insert the shared references from every trace in all other traces, by reducing the amount of communication between simulation processes. We have implemented our algorithm on a KSR-1. Results of our experiments on traces of four applications and three different cache coherence protocols show that parallel trace-driven simulation yields significant speedups over its sequential counter-part. The communication overhead is not substantial compared to the dominant overhead due to the processing of replicated inserted references. We also investigate filtering techniques and show how to filter in parallel private and shared references for various block sizes in one pass. Simulation of filtered traces is faster but with a lower speedup.


It is also useful for the preparation of a given quantity of products simply by repeating the same reaction when scaling up is too difficult, or time-consuming. Moreover, the physical presence ofthe chemist near the apparatus is not necessary, which is helpful when hazardous reactions have to be studied. Furthermore, the strict control of many parameters, and the possibility of sampling the reaction medium during the course of the operation, means that information about the kinetics of the reaction


People with mental health problems receive poor treatment because hospital staff frequently lack the knowledge or confidence to care for them appropriately.


The stable roommates problem can admit multiple different stable matchings. We have different criteria for deciding which one is optimal, but computing those is often NP-hard. We show that the problem of finding generous or rank-maximal stable matchings in an instance of the roommates problem with incomplete lists is NP-hard even when the preference lists are at most length 3. We show that just maximising the number of first choices or minimising the number of last choices is NP-hard with the short preference lists. We show that the number of $R^{th}$ choices, where $R$ is the minimum-regret of a given instance of SRI, is 2-approximable among all the stable matchings. Additionally, we show that the problem of finding a stable matching that maximises the number of first choices does not admit a constant time approximation algorithm and is W[1]-hard with respect to the number of first choices. We implement integer programming and constraint programming formulations for the optimality criteria of SRI. We find that constraint programming outperforms integer programming and an earlier answer set programming approach by Erdam et. al. (2020) for most optimality criteria. Integer programming outperforms constraint programming and answer set programming on the almost stable roommates problem.


m Ferrous thiocyanate, neutral potassium iodide, and molybdate-catal) zed potassium iodide reagents were used for the analysis of microgram quantities of a variety of peroxidic compounds by kinetic colorimetry. Ozone and peracetic acid gave a n immediate maximum color development with all three reagents. Hydrogen peroxide gave slow color development with neutral KI only. Acetyl peroxide, nitrogen dioxide, alk) I hbdroperoxides, and peroxyacyl nitrates gave slow color development with all three reagents. The half lives of these colorimetric reactions were used to identify specific oxidants.


An extensive study has been carried out on the effect of ionizing radiation on polyethylene in the form of solution-grown single crystals to follow up preceding investigations which had indicated that the radiation-induced effects along the fold surfaces could be significantly different from those within the crystal interior. In this first part of the series, radiation-induced crosslinking was investigated in the case of ''crystal core'' material. This material, obtained by removal of the fold surface by oxidative degradation with ozone, consists of isolated foldfree crystal layers of dicarboxylic acids of uniform length, the length itself depending on the fold length of the starting crystal. This ''core material'' was irradiated by $gamma$ rays and the effect of crosslinking was followed by GPC analysis by recording the development of dimer, trimer, etc., peaks in the chromatograms. For a given dose, the fractional amount of crosslinked material is independent of the chain length. This, together with other effects described, provides unambiguous evidence that crosslinking occurs at the chain ends or, in other words, that there is no crosslinking within the interior of the paraffinoid lattice. Further, no permanent scission was observed to occur within the lattice, at least in amounts detectable by themore » present molecular weight measurements. The obvious significance of these effects for radiation studies on paraffinoid substances in general, beyond those of the present long-chain dicarboxylic acids, is discussed prior to utilizing them in the study of chain-folded polyethylene crystals in the following parts of the series. (auth)« less


The effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere T e has been investigated by inverse and forward models based on the assumption that flexure of the surface and crust-mantle boundaries produces gravity field variations which are commonly expressed in free air or Bouguer gravity anomalies. The aim of this study is to examine T e variations across the East African and Baikal rifts that have developed within or adjacent to early Proterozoic-Archean cratons in order to investigate the possibility that the crust and upper mantle beneath the cratons retain considerable strength in extension. We use forward models of five 1800-km-long Bouguer gravity profiles in the East African rift and one profile previously modeled in the Baikal rift. The forward modeling method uses a multilayered lithospheric rheology to compute the mechanical plate deflection in response to vertical loads. We show that the origin of the rift topography may be highly variable: uplifted rift flanks are few in the Baikal rift, where mountain ranges have generally deep crustal roots, while flexural rebound accounts for most of the short-wavelength topography encountered in the East African rift. Reasonable fits of models and observed Bouguer gravity anomalies can only be obtained if we allow large rheological contrasts between the cratons and surrounding areas; T e values reach 60 km beneath the cratons and range between 20 and 45 km beneath the surrounding orogenic belts. The major part of the rifts develops close to the craton margins, where rheological contrasts may cause stress concentrations. These results agree well with previous Bouguer cohe- rence analyses but are significantly different from previous free-air coherence models and forward models of topography alone, which yielded T e estimates <10 km beneath the rifts and the surrounding areas. We believe that these differences largely stem from model assumptions of compensation depth and lithospheric mechanical properties and from the fact that free-air anomalies contain short-wavelength noise that correlates with topography, which biases free-air based methods toward low T e estimates.


This item includes the source code and data file for the HUD Residential Solar Economic Performance Model. The model is an interactive computer program that permits analysis of a wide range of residential solar energy applications for actual conditions of location, housing type, market economics, and other economic or financial factors. Output is provided in a number of report formats oriented to different users. The program can be used to access the economics of both single and multi-family solar applications. The user is given flexibility in specifying either a small basic set of inputs or a large number of individual items. The program supplies average or best-estimate default values for input items not known or readily available to the user. Available documentation includes a Users Manual and Programmers Manual...Software Description: This program is written in the Fortran IV programming language for implementation on a UNIVAC 1108 computer using the EXEC 8 operating system. A minimum of 30K words of core storage is needed to successfully use the system.


The tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)-catalyzed minimal bromate oscillator under flow conditions was found to exhibit various dynamical responses to the pulsed-light perturbation in the visible region. The system in its reduced steady state exhibits excitability with a threshold in the applied light-pulse energy, while the oxidized steady state does not respond to the light pulse. The latter exhibits, however, a slow response without a threshold to the negative light pulse. The system in its oscillatory state exhibits a phase shift of oscillations upon application of a pulsed-light perturbation. The oscillation phase is mostly advanced or unaffected, depending on the phase of application of the light pulse, although a narrow region of phase delay has also been found in between. A phase portrait spanned by the redox potential and the bromide ion-selective electrode potential has been determined experimentally on the basis of which the system dynamics is discussed in detail. All these results suggest the i...


It's an indisputable fact that asset price fluctuation will have impact on macroecomomic.In this paper,taking the characteristics of China's economy into account,a simple framework for macroeconomic is established.Using this model,we can get the asset price and output that under internal and external dual-balanced,including goods-credit market equilibrium,money-asset market equilibrium and balance of payments.By distincting the speed of the restoration of external balance caused by the exchange rate,we research the stability of equilibrium and the effects of fiscal and monetary policy in both cases,and find that the relative control of the capital and more flexible exchange rate system is conducive to the stability of equilibrium,and the effects of monetary and fiscal policies are significant in both cases.Through empirical research we find that because of the gradual relaxation of capital controls and the relative exchange rate controls,the equilibrium is unstable.


In the present paper, bioconvective stagnation point flow of nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over a nonlinearly stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium is considered. The scaling group transformation method is introduced to obtain the similarity transformation to convert the governing partial differential equations to a set of ordinary differential equations. The reduced governing nonlinear differential equations are then solved numerically with Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method. Differential transform method is employed to justify the results obtained by the numerical method. It is found that both the results matched nicely. It is noticed that the density of motile microorganism distribution grows high with an increase in the values of the bioconvection Peclet number. Further, the rate of heat transfer and the rate of mass transfer increase rapidly with an increment in the thermophoresis parameter, heat source parameter, chemical reaction parameter, and Brownian motion parameter, respectively. This work is relevant to engineering and biotechnological applications, such as in the design of bioconjugates and mass transfer enhancement of microfluidics.


Through analyzing the status quo of water environment in rural areas,this article explores the situation of the centralized source of drinking water in Wanzhou rural areas and the existing problems,and puts forward measures of protecting and improving environment of centralized drinking water sources.


When a hole assisted fiber (HAF) curl cord expands and contracts, the polarization direction of the light emitted from it rotates. A curl cord is divided into several sections by fixing it at several points. When the curl cord is flipped at a point within one of these sections, then vibration is observed with the characteristic frequency to the flipped section. The vibration period of a HAF curl cord can be detected by monitoring the light power emitted from the curl cord after passing through a polarizer. We confirmed theoretically and experimentally that the vibration period of the polarization change is proportional to the length of the section including the flipped point, which can be applied to intrusion location.


What insights emerge through researcher reflections on a Design-Based Research (DBR) curricular integration project that contribute to the professional learning of education faculty/ researchers? To answer this question, two researchers captured their debriefing discussions and reflections after monthly meetings with participating teachers. The meetings familiarized the teachers with DBR methods and enhanced teachers' understanding of integrating literacy and science instruction. Data were open coded, collapsed into sub-categories and interpretations were then clustered into three themes. The first theme is our acknowledgement of the layers that needed to be peeled back to understand teacher participants' planning and assessment. The second theme is the realization that the teacher participants were novices with respect to understanding and practicing curricular integration. The final theme honors the value of DBR as a research and professional learning method. Findings are discussed in light of the scant literature that describes the experience of DBR educational researchers.


BACKGROUND
Shift working is unavoidable in many industries with continual material processing such as petrochemical plants. So, the adverse effects of shift working on workers should be seriously considered.

OBJECTIVE
This cross-sectional study evaluated occupational fatigue and mental health complaints and their relationship in rotating 8-hour shift workers.

METHOD
In this study, 287 shift workers participated. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used to evaluate the level of fatigue and mental health, respectively.

RESULT
A relatively high prevalence of mental health complaints (particularly social dysfunction) and fatigue (especially general fatigue) were found among the study population. In general, 43.4% of participants reported a mental health problem. A moderate correlation was found between fatigue and mental health (r = 0.58). The stepwise regression model revealed that fatigue was significantly related only to "anxiety and insomnia" and "severe depression".

CONCLUSION
This study revealed that the 8 h shift workers in studied areas are exposed to a considerable risk of mental health and fatigue. So, improving the ergonomics and health aspects of the workplace is recommended to reduce related risk factors.


This paper looks at current migrant crossing on the Alps from the standpoint of a history of runaways. It interrogates the traces left by the recent migrants' fleeting presence at the Northern French-Italian Alpine border situating these in connection with both the memory of past migrants' passages and with mountain rescue practices and solidarity networks that have shaped those Alpine valleys. It starts with a section on mobile infrastructures of solidarity deployed at the French-Italian Alpine border, retracing its brief history as well as of the sedimented memory of the struggles in the Susa Valley. The paper moves on with a section about the history of mountain rescue at the French-Alpine border, showing how foreigners and also Italian "clandestine emigrants" were rescued there in the past. It concludes by advancing a history of mountain runaways as an analytical framework to politicise migrants' passages on the Alps.


Flight activity of Sitophilu!l zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidne) and S. oryzae (L.) was monitored during 1987-88 with sticky traps at three sites in South Carolina. Weevils were caught from late March to early November. The results indicate that temperature is the major factor determining seasonal flight activity of these weevils. More S. zeamais than S. oryzae were trapped at all sites. Sitophilus o1)'zae were abundant only at the site at which wheat was stored. There was no apparent pattern to flight activity within a storage site. The results indicate that there is little night activity around bins in which recommended pest control practices are followed.


The most vulnerable global challenges faced today are of global warming and its effect on climate with deteriorating air quality. Air pollution is increasing and causing global warming, rise in sea level, change in seasonal patterns, rainfall pattern, extreme summer and winter temperatures, droughts and floods, etc. along with various endemic and epidemic diseases. There is a lack of understanding of air pollution and related health risk. The condition of air quality in India is poor. As many as 54% of Indians live in cities not meeting NAAQS standards on fine particulate matter and none of the cities meeting WHO standards. The whole world, including India, is worried about the degradation of air quality which is affecting every form of life and material; hence there is a need for extensive study on the causes, effects and mitigation of air pollution. A scientific model is proposed to control environmental pollution. The ultimate solution of global warming climate change problem is making the people aware about the causes, consequences, and control of energy consumption through environmental consciousness.


Benjamin Franklin was not only a brilliant scientist and inventor, but also a "practical man." His simple terminology and logical explanations of scientific phenomena provided a solid foundation for the study of electricity.


This paper presents a methodology for evaluating suitability of a manned-unmanned aerial vehicle team for a complicated mission. The study identified vehicle performance, equipment performance and level of autonomy as the key factors that affect the mission effectiveness. A manned and an unmanned aircraft were compared, and their performance was quantized in these respects. SEAD was chosen as a representative manned-unmanned team mission. The SEAD mission was broken down to a sequence of tasks. Mission experts evaluated the importance of each mark item for the mission legs. Combining the results showed proper type of aircraft for each leg depending on the complexity, safety, and importance of the task. Finally, the whole mission plan was laid out as a time-based sequence which alleviate pilot workload significantly.


We present high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope images of all 35 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with optical reverberation-mapping results, which we have modeled to create a nucleus-free image of each AGN host galaxy. From the nucleus-free images, we determine the host-galaxy contribution to ground-based spectroscopic luminosity measurements at 5100 Å. After correcting the luminosities of the AGNs for the contribution from starlight, we re-examine the Hβ RBLR–L relationship. Our best fit for the relationship gives a power-law slope of 0.52 with a range of 0.45–0.59 allowed by the uncertainties. This is consistent with our previous findings, and thus still consistent with the naive assumption that all AGNs are simply luminosity-scaled versions of each other. We discuss various consistency checks relating to the galaxy modeling and starlight contributions, as well as possible systematic errors in the current set of reverberation measurements from which we determine the form of the RBLR–L relationship.


[1] On 28 March 2001, when the interplanetary magnetic field was strongly duskward, the DMSP F12 spacecraft observed an ion precipitation burst in a latitudinally narrow region near 1200 MLT. A few minutes earlier, the Low Energy Neutral Atom (LENA) imager on the IMAGE spacecraft, whose field of view (FOV) looks into the high-altitude cusp, detected an enhancement of energetic neutral atom signals, which are produced by the ion injection. The LENA data suggest that the ion injection moved out of its FOV after approximately 4 min. At this time, the ground-based magnetometers of the IMAGE chain in Svalbard, located westward of LENA's FOV, began to indicate perturbations. These perturbations immediately reached a peak and then ceased; the perturbations lasted 2–3 min. During this interval, there was an enhanced westward flow over Svalbard, as observed by the SuperDARN radars. The EISCAT Svalbard radar detected an enhancement of electron density and temperature that was concurrent with this flow enhancement, suggesting that a plasma precipitation burst accompanied with the flow. These observations, which cover a longitudinally extending region of the cusp, strongly suggest the existence of moving mesoscale plasma precipitation (MMPP). The MMPP travels westward with a longitudinally elongated form. Its leading and trailing edges should be created by the temporal effect of the cusp. The other edges, which lie along the streamline, would originate in a spatially limited region along the open-closed line. The boundary of the MMPP form is delineated by both the temporal and spatial structures of the cusp.


Microarray technology enables researchers to analyze a large number of genes; this technique is useful in multiple fields such as genetics, toxicology, and pharmacology, among others. It provides a great amount of information and it has been used as a diagnostic tool of multiple diseases. In the field of assisted reproductive medicine this technology has been a promising approach to predict the window of implantation (WOI), being the most representative, the Endometrial Receptivity Array (ERA®), developed in 2009 by DiazGimeno and collaborators [1] and patented by IGENOMIX, now offered under request. It detects the unique transcriptomic signature of endometrial receptivity by analyzing 238 differentially expressed genes in order to predict the window of implantation (WOI). The endometrial biopsy samples should be taken from the uterine fundus during the theoretical WOI (LH+7 for natural cycles or P+5 for hormone replacement therapy cycles), they must weigh about 70 milligrams and be sent to the company for processing. After analysis, the result will determine the patient as receptive or nonreceptive, if receptive, embryo transference may be scheduled the same day of sample taking in a later cycle. If nonreceptive, the WOI of that specific patient could be displaced and another ERA test would be necessary to determine the specific time of her WOI. Although this technique has proved to be useful as a clinical diagnostic tool in reproductive medicine, it also entails technical limitations. First of all, the procedure to obtain the endometrial biopsy sample is to some extent, invasive. Furthermore, because of the timing at which it is collected, the test results would only be useful in a later cycle, extending the time in which the patient undergoes treatment and making the whole protocol more expensive. In addition, the use of microarray technology elevates test prices, making it unaffordable for some patients.


A magnetic‐induction technique which employs a rotating‐sample magnetometer and lock‐in amplifier has been used to study anisotropic magnetic behavior at 20°C. When measuring anisotropy constants (K) in ferromagnets, anisotropic spontaneous magnetization (σ) or anisotropic susceptibility (χ⊥−χ∥), outputs vary as K/H, σ and (χ⊥−χ∥) H, respectively; absolute values of K can be determined by measuring the ratio of the second‐harmonic component to the fundamental. In Ni, a value of (1/K1)dK1/dH<0.04%/kOe was obtained between 2 and 20 kOe.


The field of special effects in post-production has undergone an exciting period of innovation in recent years. There has been a surge in demand for camera tracking or "matchmoving". A number of companies have built manual matchmoving products, and more recently automatic matchmovers have come to market. We will discuss the nature of the problems that the industry requires solved, and the products that have attempted to deliver solutions. Complex vision algorithms have inevitable failure modes, and this raises several issues including the relationship between automatic and manual solutions and the performance of published algorithms.


There is substantial observational evidence suggesting positive interactions among fire, vegetation and large mammalian herbivores within Yellowstone National Park. The purpose of this research project is to quantify these potential interactions and explain their interactive effects on ecosystem processes (e.g. nutrient cycling). The basic study design utilizes burned areas from the 1988 fires with adjacent unburned areas to comparatively quantify ecosystem process information. Two paired study sites were chosen in three locations (Hellroaring Slope, Swan Lake Flat and Hayden Valley) representing winter, transitional and summer range for portions. of the Northern elk herd. All study sites can be characterized as mesic sagebrush steppe dominated by the grasses Festuca idahoensis and Agropryron spp.


The relationship between uranium and enrichment supplies is discussed, and the adequacy of the supplies is evaluated. Recommendations are offered to improve the stability of the enriched uranium supply complex so that the nuclear industry could advance with confidence in the adequacy of its supplies. (DDA)


For the paediatrician who needs access to only one book on paediatric ophthalmology, read no further, Pediatric Ophthalmology by David Taylor and colleagues, is it. For those who want to know what makes this book stand out among its competitors, read on. There are a dozen contributors, and while not detracting from their excellent individual contributions, there is no doubting the overriding influence of David Taylor-this is his book. The consequence is a text remarkable in its clarity of style and consistent approach in both chapter design and content. Who is this book aimed at? In the preface David Taylor carefully avoids directing attention at one particular specialty, simply stating his intention to provide a useful referenced text for referral and a practical guide to clinical ophthalmology. This has been achieved as the text can easily be digested by anyone medically qualified. One of the attractions of ophthalmology is its blend of surgical and medical aspects, but the paediatrician need not fear the dominance of the former, for as mentioned in the preface surgical details are not discussed in detail and the contributors have confined themselves to principles and indications. Pediatric Ophthalmology contains 734 pages into which are crammed 45 chapters in six sections, and 21 appendices. The major sections are: (1) epidemiology, growth and development; (2) management; (3) infections, allergic and external eye diseases; (4) systemic paediatric ophthalmology; (5) selected topics; and (6) eye movements and strabismus. These titles are self explanatory except for section 2 on management, which deals with clinical history taking and examination, refraction, ophthalmic genetics and the visually handicapped baby and the family. The 21 appendices are concise sections on problem oriented topics. These include the red eye, reduced vision, optic atrophy, headaches, peculiar visual images, the abnormal pupil appearance in infancy, the child who fails at school, etc. Each appendix starts out by defining the problem, outlining a classification, and is then followed in most instances by a flow chart. These are a feature unique to this book, and especially valuable to the clinician who does not encounter these problems frequently, and in view of the range of topics covered, few do. With such a wide range of subjects it is not appropriate to review chapters individually. Generally the standard is very high and many chapters are quite superb, setting a gold standard against which all future texts must be gauged. Given this high level of achievement it seems churlish to identify either high or low points-there are too many of the former, and the latter are very few. The section on nystagmus is fine as far as it goes, but would have benefited from expansion; perhaps the author does not appreciate how difficult most of us, who only infrequently encounter this sign, find this topic. Nystagmus is all too easily and frequently labelled congenital or neurological, and sometimes without adequately excluding an underlying subtle ocular disorder. Electrodiagnostic tests can be a vital component of assessment. One of the major assets of this book is the number and excellent standard of the colour photographs, and as ophthalmology is such a visual subject they are important diagnostic aids. By intention this is not a research text, but as it contains over 3500 references and provides such an excellent clinical overview of most clinical topics, it is a sensible starting point. Two minor quibbles: first, the spelling of paediatric, which is according to the preface a reflection of international market forces. Second, Marshall Parks in the forward states that nearly all specialties in medicine and surgery can be divided naturally into paediatric and geriatric portions. This is traditional and makes some practical sense with respect to paediatrics, but ignores the decades in between, and it is not a fundamentally sound approach to concepts of development and aging, the understanding a disease process, or elucidation of mechanisms. Furthermore it unnecessarily limits the scope of this book, much of which is relevant to ophthalmology of all age groups. Pediatric Ophthalmology by David Taylor and colleagues is without doubt the best text available. Every paediatrician should have access to it, and no library is complete without it. Although not cheap at £135, this is excellent value. Every paediatric ophthalmologist I known has already bought his/her own copy. My case rests!


of the MNI blood groups brilliant Levine, 1928a, The system rounded and, one would have complete. The two antigens M and were derived from a pair of allelomorphic genes, and each of the genes was capable of expressing itself when in single dose nearly as well as in double dose. Twenty Walsh and Montgomery found, in a sample of human an agglutinin which did not coincide with any known at that time. Sanger and Race (1947) that this aggulutinin subdivided the three genotypes of the MN system in such a way that a connection between the new antigen, which they called S, and the MN antigens must exist. By statistical and genetical investigations they were able to shew that the MNS system of blood groups depended either on two allelomorphic pairs of very closely linked genes M or N and S or s, or on four allelomorphs at the MN locus; the symbols MS, Ms, NS and Ns suited either possibility. The symbol s was used to denote the antigen allelomorphic to S which, though presumed to exist, could not at this stage be recognized in a positive way; ss indicated the absence of the antigen S.


A recombinant peptide chemically identical or similar to the endogenous alpha chemokine GRO1 (MGSA) protein. GRO1 protein belongs to a superfamily of proteins that includes interleukin-8 and platelet factor-4, beta-thromboglobulin (b-TG), IP-10, and ENA-78. It is chemotactic for neutrophils and plays a role in endothelial angiogenesis.


The effect of the synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation on the urban heat island phenomenon over Athens, Greece, was investigated and quantified for a period of 2 yr, employing a neural network approach. A neural network model was appropriately designed and tested for the estimation of the heat island intensity at 23 stations during the examined period. The day-by-day synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation in the lower troposphere for the same period was classified into eight statistically distinct categories. The neural network model employed as an input the corresponding synoptic categories in conjunction with four meteorological parameters that are closely related to the urban heat island. It was found that the synoptic-scale circulation is a predominant input parameter, affecting considerably the heat island intensity. Also, it was demonstrated that the high pressure ridge mostly favors the heat island phenomenon and categories characterized by intense northerly component winds are responsible for its nonappearance or termination.


THIS paper has two objects. The first is to outline an anaesthetic technique which provides for an easier study of the bronchial tree than is usually found possible with anaesthetic methods commonly used. The method has been based on about one thousand cases presenting for endoscopy. The second object is to suggest a simplified theatre procedure for the examination of successive cases, and to introduce a magnifying adaptor, use of which is made more practical by the anaesthetic technique described. For bronchoscopy to be acceptable to both patient and surgeon, it will be agreed that sleep, a relaxed jaw, and an insensitive larynx and bronchial mucosa are essential. Local anaesthetics, however skilfully applied, do not spare the patient's feelings. The advent of the intravenous anaesthetics has helped the patient, but has not controlled the laryngeal and cough reflexes. The introduction of curarizing substances has assisted in providing muscle control, but as this involves the muscles of respiration, our early enthusiasm has been tempered by more sober reflections. Gradually, the following procedure has been evolved, and surgical approval has prompted a description, although no claim is made for any new method. Premedication is with omnopon and scopolamine, the dose adjusted according to age and condition of the patient, and this is followed i | hours later by intravenous thiopentone. Routine administration of oxygen is commenced as soon as there is loss of consciousness. It is important at all times to avoid cyanosis, and if this is remembered poor risk patients can be prepared uneventfully for bronchoscopy just as readily as fitter patients. The dose of thiopentone required prior to laryngoscopy is usually in the region of 0-75 to 1 gm. Tubarine is used in addition to thiopentone to facilitate laryngoscopy in the more robust patients, and also when the presence of teeth demands maximum relaxation of the jaw. The dose of tubarine given is, in the majority of cases, 15 mgm. The larynx is now exposed and well sprayed with a 10 per cent solution of cocaine hvdrochloride, using a De Vilbiss spray. The trachea is next intubated with a full-length Magill tube of size 7 or 8. This tube has two uses. It maintains a perfect airway for administration of oxygen, and acts as a channel down which cocaine solution may be sprayed. Complete surface anaesthesia of the respiratory tract along which the bronchoscope travels is obtained by advancing the intratracheal tube, and using the 10 per cent, cocaine solution with each advance. The right bronchus is entered by positioning the head suitably to the left, and the left bronchus entered readily by movement of the head to the right.


Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) an herbal plant, has long been used by Thai. The rhizome is the main part of this plant to be used as a folk medicine, dyes and condiments. At present turmeric powder is used in many fields, such as a component in cosmetics, food and capsules for treatment of digestive system. It was found that, the active compounds of the rhizome of C. longa are essential oils and curcuminoids. It is therefore of interest for researchers worldwide to study of crude turmeric extract, curcuminoids and their biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-Alzheimer activities and agricultures. Researchers also use curcuminoids as a lead compound to develop numerous analogues for enhancing biological activities. Thus, C. longa L. is one of the most useful plant, and a big demand for several countries. In Thailand, there is a small quantity of import and export of this plant due to still being low in the production and product processing as well as side effect. Hence, it should be further researched. The author believes that the C. longa L. could be developed as an economic herbal plant and that new medicine could be developed from lead compounds of C. longa L. in the future.


At KTH, students who want to start their degree project must complete a paper form called "UT-EXAR: Ansokan om examensarbete/application for degree project". The form is used to determine students' ...


The global community has recognized an increasing amount of pollutants entering oceans and other water bodies as a severe environmental, economic, and social issue. In addition to prevention, one of the key measures in addressing marine pollution is the cleanup of debris already present in marine environments. Deployment of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques can automate marine waste removal, making the cleanup process more efficient. This study examines the performance of six well-known deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), namely VGG19, InceptionV3, ResNet50, Inception-ResNetV2, DenseNet121, and MobileNetV2, utilized as feature extractors according to three different extraction schemes for the identification and classification of underwater marine debris. We compare the performance of a neural network (NN) classifier trained on top of deep CNN feature extractors when the feature extractor is (1) fixed; (2) fine-tuned on the given task; (3) fixed during the first phase of training and fine-tuned afterward. In general, fine-tuning resulted in better-performing models but is much more computationally expensive. The overall best NN performance showed the fine-tuned Inception-ResNetV2 feature extractor with an accuracy of 91.40% and F1-score 92.08%, followed by fine-tuned InceptionV3 extractor. Furthermore, we analyze conventional ML classifiers' performance when trained on features extracted with deep CNNs. Finally, we show that replacing NN with a conventional ML classifier, such as support vector machine (SVM) or logistic regression (LR), can further enhance the classification performance on new data.


The scaffolding protein anillin recruits septins to the cleavage furrow and constrains actomyosin contractility. Expression of E-cadherin suppresses the cytokinesis defects caused by anillin knockdown and stabilizes F-actin in the furrow, thereby providing an alternate means of coupling the actomyosin ring to the plasma membrane during cytokinesis.


The enthalpy of solution and thermokinetic behavior of 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-benzenediol(TNR) dissolved in the common solvent alcohol(EtOH) are determined with SETARAM C80 calorimeter at 298.15 K.The empirical formula describing the enthalpy of solution of the studied compounds dissolved in alcohol is obtained.The resulting formula is:ΔsolH=30.108+4756.04b-616.619b1/2.From the formula,the empirical formulas describing the standard molar enthalpy of solution(ΔsolHθm(b=0)),the relative apparent molar enthalpy of solution(ФLi) and the relative partial molar enthalpy(Li) are obtained.The kinetic formula of the dissolution reaction is γ=-6.50613+0.5678x,from which the reaction order(n) and reaction rate constant(k) of the reaction are deduced as:n=0.56875;k=1.94×10-3 s-1.


Sea-floor models are fabricated simply and inexpensively by utilizing milling machine programmed with data tapes from ocean sounding surveys, and cement vermiculite mixture.


GaN growth mediated by electron cyclotron resonance activated nitrogen has been investigated under Ga and nitrogen rich conditions in a substrate temperature range of 650–850 °C. A biasable grid installed between the substrate and nitrogen flux allowed control of the nitrogen species participating in the growth process. The absence of high energetic ions resulted to films with increased photoluminescence signals in the 480–650 nm spectral range. In the Ga rich conditions, the Ga and N ion flux values used were 5×1014 and 3.5×1014 cm−2 s−1, respectively. The nitrogen rich conditions were achieved by increasing the N flux first to 8×1014 and then to 1.2×1015 cm−2 s−1. Both types of samples exhibited strong band edge photoluminescence signal at room temperature, with N rich conditions leading to better mobilities and lower carrier concentrations. The best films were obtained when the substrate temperature was 750 °C.


Abstract:This note presents preliminary results of research seeking to understand the dynamics of political disinformation by means of a quasi-experimental survey of some 1,500 eligible voters residing in Bangkok, Thailand. The results show that positive psychological engagement and partisanship, particularly among those at the extreme ends of the ideological spectrum, are the key factors that drive individuals to share political disinformation online. They indicate that partisan polarization—a scenario thought to be exclusive to strong, two-party systems—can have a discernible impact on the tendency of a person to share false information even in multiparty systems in which parties lack clearly distinguishable policy platforms.


The Bethesda System recommends limiting the percentage of cases diagnosed as indeterminate in thyroid fine‐needle aspirations (TFNAs). However, studies are lacking that document how to decrease the rate of indeterminate TFNAs and its effects.


The paper discusses the results of structural and optical investigations of CuInxGa1-xSe2 (CIGS) semiconductor films with molar composition 0≤x≤1 obtained by thermal evaporation in vacuum. Experimental methods used to characterize the materials included ellipsometry measurements in the 250-800 nm wavelength range and X-ray structural analysis, which proved the polycrystalline nature of the films with chalcopyrite structure and a preferred direction (112). Surface investigation performed with SEM and AFM reported rough character of the film surface. Spectral dependence of real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant was investigated using Kramers-Kronig relation. It was shown that for the spectral range λ<0.5µm, the dielectric components of CuIn0.2Ga0.8Se2 do not obey the principle of causality, which could be a consequence of light scattering peculiarities over statistically uneven film surface. The position of energy levels of the valence band of CuIn0.2Ga0.8Se2 was estimated for the wavelengths 0.50


To ensure continued food security and economic development in Africa, it is very important to address and adapt to climate change. Excessive dependence on rainfed agricultural production makes Africa more vulnerable to climate change effects. Weather information and services are essential for farmers to more effectively survive the increasing occurrence of extreme weather events due to climate change. Weather information is important for resource management in agricultural production and helps farmers plan their farming activities in advance. Machine Learning is one of the technologies used in agriculture for weather forecasting and crop disease detection among others. The objective of this study is to develop Machine Learning-based models adapted to the context of daily weather forecasting for Rainfall, Relative Humidity, and Maximum and Minimum Temperature in Senegal. In this study, we made a comparison of ten Machine Learning Regressors with our Ensemble Model. These models were evaluated based on Mean Absolute Error, Mean Squared Error, Root Mean Squared Error and Coefficient of Determination. The results show that the Ensemble Model performs better than the ten base models. The Ensemble Model results for each parameter are as follows; Relative Humidity: Mean Absolute Error was 4.0126, Mean Squared Error was 29.9885, Root Mean Squared Error was 5.4428 and Coefficient of Determination was 0.9335. For Minimum Temperature: Mean Absolute Error was 0.7908, Mean Squared Error was 1.1329, Root Mean Squared Error was 1.0515 and Coefficient of Determination was 0.9018. For Maximum Temperature: Mean Absolute Error was 1.2515, Mean Squared Error was 2.8038, Root Mean Squared Error was 1.6591 and Coefficient of Determination was 0.8205. For Rainfall: Mean Absolute Error was 0.2142, Mean Squared Error was 0.1681, Root Mean Squared Error was 0.4100 and Coefficient of Determination was 0.7733. From the present study, it has been observed that the Ensemble Model is a feasible model to be used for Rainfall, Relative Humidity, and Maximum and Minimum Temperature forecasting.


In this paper, we study surjective maps φ : E+ → F+ between positive cones of two ordered Banach spaces E and F , which preserve norm of sums, i.e., ‖φ(x) + φ(y)‖ = ‖x+ y‖, ∀x, y ∈ E+. In the case when E,F are strictly convex smooth Banach lattices, as well as L(μ) spaces (1 < p ≤ +∞), we show that φ can be extended to a real linear map/isometry from E onto F . A counter example for the case when p = 1 is presented.


Data Analysis is the process of methodically applying statistical and logical methods to describe and explain, condense, recap, and evaluate data. Data analysis refers to the process of developing answers to research questions through the examination and clarification of data. The very basic steps in the analysis process are to recognize problems, determine the availability of appropriate data, decide on which methods are suitable for answering the research questions, apply the methods and estimate, summarize and discuss the results. The design and analytical path of any research program should have a specific methodological direction based on its research objective and framework. This study is a review, analysing data from studies that utilize a quantitative method, follow a survey method design and apply Partial Least Square of Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The quantitative approach is also known as a traditional, positivism, experimental or empiricist research approach. This study aims to review all the steps that need to be carried out before applying SEM using SPSS and after this, all the steps of SEM need to be reported.


The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights collects, through its network of observation points, information on discrimination and good practice in the areas of legislation, employment, housing, racist violence, and education. Data on education includes information on: access to education for vulnerable groups, discriminatory practices, racist incidents, educational attainment, preventive initiatives and good practice against discrimination and exclusion. In this paper, I will provide an overview of major trends and developments in the past six years as regards discrimination and good practice in education in the 27 EU Member States. I will refer to the influence that data availability has on policies and debates on discrimination in education. In addition, I will address the impact the EU enlargement process and the debates on diversity and multiculturalism have had on education policies in the European Union. Finally, my paper will point to good practice initiatives in the Member States aimed at countering discrimination and improving the situation of migrants and minorities.


Water intake ability by root plays the indispensable role in dynamic simulation of soil water movement.Base on soil water dynamics equations,this paper comprehensively estimates root-water-uptake rate by using back calculation method,the same time analysis of corn root profile information,establishment of an effective root density distribution function,combined with the soil profile water content distribution establishment the two-dimensional model of root water absorption for surface tillage with mulch.Consequently,the applicability of the root water absorption model on soil moisture dynamic change was verified with the data of experiments.The results showed that the average relative error between simulated and observed values was 7.11% to 3.75%,and the method is reasonable and feasible which can satisfy the precision in soil moisture dynamic simulation.


Final Report Summary THINS (Thermal-hydraulics of Innovative Nuclear Systems) Executive Summary: For the long-term development of nuclear power, innovative nuclear systems such as Gen-IV reactors and transmutation systems need to be developed for meeting future energy challenges. Thermal-hydraulics is recognized as a key scientific subject in the development of innovative reactor systems. This project is devoted to important crosscutting thermal-hydraulic issues encountered in various innovative nuclear systems, such as advanced reactor core thermal-hydraulics, single phase mixed convection and turbulence, specific multiphase flow, and code coupling and qualification. The main objectives of the project are: (1) Generation of a data base for the development and validation of new models and codes describing the selected crosscutting thermal-hydraulic phenomena. This data base contains both experimental data and data from direct numerical simulations (DNS), (2) Development of new physical models and modelling approaches for more accurate description of the crosscutting thermal-hydraulic phenomena such as heat transfer and flow mixing, turbulent flow modelling for a wide range of Prandtl numbers, and modelling of flows under strong influence of buoyancy, (3) Improvement of the numerical engineering tools and establishment of a numerical platform for the design analysis of the innovative nuclear systems. This platform contains numerical codes of various classes of spatial scales, i.e. system analysis, sub-channel analysis and CFD codes, their coupling and the guidelines for their applications. The project achieved optimum usage of available European resources in experimental facilities, numerical tools and expertise. Through this project a new common platform of research results and research infrastructure, and a synergized infrastructure for thermal-hydraulic research of innovative nuclear systems in Europe is established.


The lipid bilayer of the membrane of human erythrocytes from which most sialic acid residues on the outer surface had been removed was digested by phospholipase from outside the medium or treated by the incorpora-tion of exogenous amphiphilic lipid, then it was electrophoresed. After treat-ments that caused the additional exposure of the dissociable polar head group of the amphiphilic lipid to the outer medium, the electrophoretic mobility of the treated cells increased as the pH of the suspending medium rose. This show-ed that there was an increase in the negative charges in the immediate vicinity of the lipid bilayer surface of the membrane. The possible effect of the dissocia-tion of exposed head groups in the lipids on the morphology of the membrane is discussed.


The preferred feedstocks for the Institute of Gas Technology`s (IGT) Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Hydroretorting (PFH) process are beneficiated Eastern US oil shales. After hydroretorting, the beneficiated shale is combusted to generate process and export power. Before hydroretorting and after combustion the shale will be stored in large embankments. The design and characteristics of these embankments depends on the physical, thermal, and leaching properties of the raw and spent shales. IGT and the Illinois Institute of Technology conducted tests to determine the physical and thermal properties and leaching characteristics of samples of beneficiated and thermally processed Alabama shale. The physical and thermal properties determined include permeability, compressibility, compactability, consolidation, shear stress, cohesion, thermal conductivity, and liquid and plastic limits. Tests were conducted on samples of raw, hydroretorted, hydroretorted and combusted (H&C), and the results show that the physical properties of raw and thermally processed beneficiated shale are considerably different. Leachability test results show that none of the thermally processed shale samples exhibited the toxicity characteristic [per the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)]. Combustion and agglomeration reduced the levels of metals leached from the H&C and H&A shale samples during TCLP tests. Overall, storage of raw and spent beneficiated shales in embankments willmore » not result in significant environmental impacts« less


A determination of the zinc stoichiometry of the catalytic domain of the human matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-1 has been carried out using enzyme purified from recombinant Escherichia coli that express C-terminally truncated protein. Atomic absorption spectrometry revealed that both the proenzyme (prostrom255) and the mature active form (strom255) contained nearly 2 mol of Zn/mol of protein. Full-length prostromelysin purified from a mammalian cell culture line also contained zinc in excess of 1 equiv. While zinc in prostrom255 could not be removed by dialysis against o-phenanthroline, similar treatment of mature strom255 resulted in the loss of one-half of the original zinc content. The peptidase activity of the zinc-depleted protein was reduced by greater than 85% but could be restored upon addition of Zn2+ or Co2+. Addition of a thiol-containing inhibitor to a CoZn hybrid enzyme resulted in marked spectral changes in both the visible and ultraviolet regions characteristic of sulfur ligation to Co2+. This direct evidence for an integral role in catalysis and inhibitor binding confirms the location of the exchangeable metal at the active site. To examine the environment of zinc in the proenzyme, a fully cobalt-substituted proenzyme was prepared by in vivo metal replacement. The absorbance features of dicobalt prostrom255 were consistent with metal coordination by the single cysteine present in the propeptide, although the data do not allow assignment to a particular zinc site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


6 In phytophagous insects such as butterflies, there is an evolutionary trend towards 7 specialization in host plant use. One contributing mechanism for this pattern may be found 8 in female host search behavior. Since search attention is limited, generalist females 9 searching for hosts for oviposition may potentially increase their search efficacy by aiming 10 their attention on a single host species at a time, a behavior consistent with search image 11 formation. Using laboratory reared and mated females of two species of generalist 12 butterflies, the comma, Polygonia c-album , and the painted lady, Vanessa cardui 13 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), we investigated the probability of finding a specific target 14 host (among non-host distractors) immediately after being primed with an oviposition 15 experience of the same host as compared to different host in indoor cages. We used species-16 specific host plants that varied with respect to growth form, historical age of the butterfly-17 host association, and relative preference ranking. We found improved search efficacy after 18 previous encounters of the same host for some but not all host species. Positive priming 19 effects were found only in hosts with which the butterfly has a historically old relationship 20 and these hosts are sometimes also highly preferred. Our findings provides additional


The article is devoted to discussion of the mechanisms of inducible formation of cancer cells membrane vesicles, which would maintain their immunological (antigenic) properties and would become a perspective agent for anticancer immunotherapy. Anticancer immunotherapy is able to provide immune response of the organism towards cancer cells, and prevent the development of micrometastases and to facilitate the elimination of the remnants of these cells, that remain after other treatments. To provide an immune response towards tumor antigens one should carry out an organism immunization with the appropriate tumor surface antigens. Some methods of immunization with inactivated or apoptotic cancer cells are known. The last provoke exposure phosphatidyl serine on their surface, which, due to its antiinflamatory properties, making it impossible to use them for immune response induction. The work objective was screening of the agents, able to induce formation of membrane vesicles that would maintain antigenic properties of tumor and contain little of phosphatidyl serine. We have shown that inhibitor of ATPsensitive potassium channels of endoplasmic reticulum, glibenclamide, induces formation of membrane vesicles with «nonapoptotic» phenotype, characterized by relatively small (


Physicians have been characterized as anti-organizational by training and, therefore, anti-OD. This article argues to the contrary that they are responsive to OD when it is designed to enhance professional performance at the medical department level. Such activities can provide essential education and create enthusiasm for larger scale efforts.


Jiantiao channel is a typical tidal silt channel of bay type with an average water depth of about 7 to 8 meters.It is wide and shallow upstream and narrow and deep downstream.Two tributaries namely Baixi and Xiaohengdu flow into the channel,of which the average discharge is about 3.53 m3/s and 0.58 m3/s separately and zero discharge of ten happens in dry season.There is a strong vertical circulation in the channel.Tidal channel has less runoff compared with river mouth.That is why no sufficient attention has been paid to its role in the bed-formation.Analyses of the hydrographic data and the bed topography show that the runoff plays a very important part in maintaining the channel,only there are some differences between the flood season and dry season.The scouring effect of flood runoff is great and is the main power to maintain the water depth while that of the dry season runoff is small but lasts for much longer time and can weaken the siltation to some extent.Compared with the silt transportation of strong tidal current,the scour of low water runoff is much weaker and the channel is still in the state of siltation.The scour of the flood plays much more important role in shaping the channel than the low water runoff.According to the measurements of the sediment discharge of the flood tide and the estimation of the total siltation at the Jiantiao section from March 20,2004 to July 1,2004,the average siltation ratio is 0.16 calculated with following expression:α=γΔV/Q;in which,Q is the tidal volume of each tide in m3;is the average silt content of the flood tide in kg/m3;ΔV is the siltation volume of the channel in m3;and γ is specific density,kg/m3.The total flood discharge during two typhoons from July to September 2004 was estimated with the rainfall data which is about 38 million m3.The scour volume was also calculated by comparing the bed topography which was measured almost at the same time and it reads 2.815 million m3,the ratio of water to sand in volume is about 13.5∶1.Estimated from integrated analysis of the topographic data,there should be 4.5 million m3 of sediment settled down in the Jiantiao channel every year if there was no runoff definitely.But analysis of the measurement data of many years shows that the average annual sediment volume settled in the Jiantiao channel is about 0.288 million m3 in normal condition,while the average flood discharge is about 48.72 million m3.Calculated with the water to sand ratio of 13.5∶1,about 3.61 million m3 of sediment could be scoured.the siltation should be 0.89 million m3 if there was only the flood discharge,but the actual siltation is about 0.602 million m3,which shows that the dry season runoff reduced the siltation by about 81.05 million m3 every year,and the ratio of water to sediment for low water runoff is about 134∶1.According to the water sediment relationships of flood runoff(13.5∶1)and low water runoff(134∶1),siltation in the Jiantiao channel in different operational mode of the reservoir being built upstream of the channel is estimated and the results agree basically with those from river morphology regime relationship.


In the article the problematisation of social adaptation of the elderly to death in modern society is investigated. The emphasis is made on palliative care as one of the possible means of institutional adaptation and the state of palliative care in Russia.


Egypt Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia in children. Approximately 20–25% of children develop a chronic course of the disease. Many treatment options are available, including chronic use of first-line therapies, e.g., corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin or anti-Rh-D, and second-line therapies, including dexamethasone, high-dose methylprednisolone, intensive immunosuppressants, rituximab, thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), splenectomy, and many others; however, none of these treatments have been determined to be the best. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the course, response to different treatment lines and outcome of children with chronic ITP over a period of ten years to compare the efficacy of different treatment options, aiming to determine a scale of priority for selecting the most cost-effective treatment. A retrospective study was conducted and included children diagnosed with chronic ITP from January 2008 until December 2018 who were followed at the Pediatric Hematology Unit of Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt. The study proposal was approved on February 14, 2017 (approval No 17.02.59) by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. All research steps were conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The diagnosis of chronic ITP was based upon the persistence of immunomodulators was higher than that of those on TPO-RA (67.9% vs 30.4% compared to 69.9% vs 32.1%, р value 0.01). Many of our patients who received immunomodulators and failed to achieve or lost a response before 2015 were switched to TPO-RAs with comparable efficacy apart from sustainability, which was in favor of the latter. Additionally, among the types of immunomodulators, rituximab did not show superior efficacy compared to other types, with lower costs for the latter, leading to the abandonment of its use, particularly in limited resource countries such as