The physical and chemical stability of various biorelevant media (FaSSGF, FaSSIF V1, FaSSIF V2, FaSSIF V3, and FeSSIF) were investigated over periods after preparation of up to 120 h at room temperature (RT) (22 °C) and 37 °C. It was shown that biorelevant instant powders are not a source of microbiological contamination. It was also established that the physical characteristics of FaSSGF and FeSSIF are invariant with time, so they can be used immediately after preparation, i.e., without any equilibration time. Alternatively, they can be stored for up to 96 h at RT before use. By contrast, FaSSIF V1 requires an equilibration time of 2 h, and FaSSIF V2 requires an equilibration time of 24 h to enable the media characteristics to stabilize. After this equilibration time, both FaSSIF V1 and V2 can also be stored for at least up to 96 h at RT prior to use; longer storage times have not yet been tested. The particle size of FaSSIF V3 appears to continually evolve over time. For FaSSIF V3, it is thus recommended that the waiting period between preparation and use be standardized among experiments. Additionally, the colloidal particle structures present in the various FaSSIF versions were analyzed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). Various kinds of micelles (globular, disc, multilayer disc, and thread-like micelles) were observed in all samples, and some samples also contained unilamellar vesicles. Differences in solubility of drugs among the various FaSSIF versions can be partly explained by the results from Cryo-TEM.


Products have been generated in a Toepler pump from a variety of hydrocarbons and ketones. From the nature of the products, it is deduced that the mechanism must involve more processes than just me...


About 85% of cases of INAD (infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, OMIM #256600), an autosom al recessive inherited degenerative disease with early onset can be associated with mutations of the PLA2G6 gene . Ca2+‐independent phospholipase A2 (VIA iPLA2) is encoded in PLA2G6 . However, connections of these mutations to disease are unclear. For the mainly phospholipid metabolizing VIA iPLA2 also so‐called non‐canonical functions were discussed and reported. These are regulation of store‐regulated Ca2+ entry in cells and change in mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. In this study, we investigate glutamate‐evoked Ca2+ signals in neurons and astrocytes in co‐culture from three INAD mouse models with Pla2g6 gene mutations. The strain‐1 has a hypomorphic Pla2g6 allele with reduced transcript levels (5% of wild type), the strain‐2 has knocked‐out Pla2g6, and strain‐3 has a Pla2g6 point mutation with the VIA iPLA2 inactive. It is shown that homozygous offspring from all strains develop pathology similar to that observed in INAD patients. We demonstrate in our present study a strongly reduced glutamate‐induced Ca2+ response in mutants in astrocytes compared to control cells. When we elucidate the mechanism we find that reduced Ca2+ responses are due to about 2‐fold‐reduced Glu‐induced capacitative Ca2+ entry in astrocytes in all three mouse strains. This effect is based on the lack in VIA iPLA2 activity since we could mimic the decrease by pharmacologically inhibiting iPLA2 with the compound S‐BEL enantiomer. On the contrary, in neurons the Pla2g6 mutation completely disrupted the influence of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake on the extracellular Glu‐induced Ca2+ influx . We see it in neurons treated with Ru360, a blocker of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter or treated with rotenone. The dependency of Glu‐induced Ca2+ influx on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake was wiped out in neurons with Pla2g6 mutation, whereas a strong reduction was seen in wild‐type cells. Thus, all INAD models have comparable changes, but they are different for astrocytes and neurons, respectively, in Glu‐induced Ca2+ signaling. These modifications in Ca2+ signaling in cells with mutated Pla2g6 are critical for adequate neuron‐astrocyte communication. Thus our data help to understand molecular mechanisms of INAD pathology.


Based on the set theory and topology, this paper studies feature: its meaning, classification and building process, then we point out that feature is the key for information integration of CAD/CAM.


Light and epifluorescence (blue light excitation) microscopy was used to obtain micrographs of the same sections of unstained (living roots) and stained (dead) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) roots colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe. To visualize all mycorrhizal structures, roots were in situ stained with trypan blue. The metabolically active fungal tissue was determined by an in situ succinate dehydrogenase stain. A comparison of micrographs of unstained and stained mycorrhizal tobacco roots revealed that (i) finely branched arbuscules do not autofluoresce, but high autofluorescence was observed in clumped structures of collapsed arbuscules; and (ii) finely branched arbuscules are metabolically active, but no activity can be detected in autofluorescent collapsed arbuscules. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used in combination with the two fluorochromes 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate or 5(6)-carboxy-seminaphthorhodafluor. Both fluorochrome...


MSmonitor is an interactive web-based tool for self-management by people with MS (PwMS) and improvement of quality and efficiency of MS care. It is a collaborative project of MS4 Research Institute, Curavista bv, and neurologists and MS-nurses in the Netherlands.
Components are 1) Psychometrically validated self-assessment questionnaires: Multiple Sclerosis Impact Profile (MSIP), Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 Items (MSQoL-54) (both completed at least every six months), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale-5 Items (MFIS-5), Leeds Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (LMSQoL) scale, Medication and Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ) (the latter three questionnaires may be completed monthly [Quick-Scan]), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and a Miction Assessment Questionnaire (both available after activation); 2) Diaries: Activities Diary, Miction Diary (both may be completed daily); 3) E-consult; 4) Personal e-logbook.
PwMS visit www.msmonitor.nl to fill in questionnaires, diaries or logbook, or send a secured e-mail to their MS-nurse or neurologist. All data are encrypted, processed and securely stored on the Curavista Health Platform (Oracle database with JAVA-scripting and XML-applets). The software runs on pc's, tablets and smart phones. Forms are checked for consistency and completeness before submission. Neurologist, MS-nurse and other health care providers of the multidisciplinary team have authorized access to completed questionnaires and automatically generated scores.
Self-management of 1) Fatigue by use of Activities Diary and Quick-Scan, of 2) Miction problems by use of Miction Diary, MSIP and LMSQoL, and of 3) Adherence to medication by the MAQ.
Improvement of quality and efficiency of MS care by 1) Completion of MSIP before consultation; online visualization of the completed MSIP with highlighting of new symptoms, worsened symptoms, and their subjective impact, enabling care givers to identify and prioritize relevant symptoms and unmet needs before consultation; optimal patient-care giver interaction due to complete overview of symptoms and focused attention to most relevant problems; 2) Automatic generation of scores of repeatedly completed questionnaires enables longitudinal quantification of overall neurological condition, overall subjective well-being (health-related quality of life [HRQoL]), and specific symptoms, and thus facilitates early identification of changes and evaluation of treatments; scores and changes over time are represented graphically and in tables; 3) Monitoring of adherence (MAQ); 4) E-mail contact; 5) facilitation of multidisciplinary collaboration.
March 2013: Number of participating PwMS 441 with a monthly increase by 3-4%; 13 neurological practices (neurologist, MS-nurse); four other health-care providers.
PwMS who had used the Quick-Scan and the Activities Diary at least twice in a 6-month period (N=56) showed a statistically significant increase in HRQoL (mean change 13%; P=0.0002), in contrast to those who had completed twice or more the Quick-Scan but had used the Activities Diary only once or not (N=49). Decrease in fatigue (MFIS-5 score) correlated significantly (Spearman -0.29, P=0.028) with the frequency of Activities Diary use. These findings are in line with the hypothesis that the combined use of Activities Diary and Quick-Scan facilitates self-management of fatigue.
Current developments: Validation of an 8-Items quick scan questionnaire for miction problems. Development of modules for monitoring disease modifying and symptomatic treatments. []


Electroelastomers (electroactive elastomers, a.k.a. dielectric elastomers) such as those based on acrylic elastomer films with compliant electrodes, when highly prestrained, exhibited up to 380% electromechanical strain in area expansion at 5 to 6 kV. By rolling highly prestrained acrylic films around a compression spring, multifunctional electroelastomer rolls (MERs, or spring rolls) were obtained that combined load bearing, actuation, and sensing functions. The design was extended to two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) and 3-DOF spring rolls by patterning the electrodes along the circumferential spans of the rolls. Multiple-DOF spring rolls retained the linear actuation of 1-DOF spring rolls with additional bending actuation. New electroelastomers were developed that preserved the high strain and energy capability of the acrylic films but could respond one order of magnitude faster. One-DOF spring rolls using this new material exhibited response speeds up to 100 Hz, and power densities as high as 400 W/kg of actuator mass and 2000 W/kg of electroelastomer mass based on maximum force, stroke, and frequency. Further, new electroelastomers were prepared that exhibited 200% strain without the need for prestrain. These materials may enable new actuators containing no prestrain-supporting structures that are even lighter, more compact, and compliant. The new actuators would have a higher percentage of active mass and higher energy and power densities than those based on the prestrained acrylic films matching the characteristics of animals. A roll actuator containing no supporting structure was fabricated to output 33% strain. Preliminary lifetime measurements confirmed the potentially long lifetime of the electroelastomers. Improvements in MER design and materials have enabled a new generation of small walking robots, MERbot, with a multi-DOF spring roll as each of its six legs, as well as a new type of robot that can be quickly fabricated from a single flat multifunctional actuator structure. Such small flat robots can hop or jump two to three times their height and have been able to quickly clear obstacles equal to the robots' height.


The "3.19 accident"which happened in the No.12 Mine of Pingdingshan Coal Mining Group Corporation Ltd.was analyzed and the concept of "rock bursting with coal and gas" was put forward.We developed the integrative control technology that depressurization and obstruct with gas drainage based on theoretical analysis,laboratory research and field text,which was applied in the No.12 Mine.The results show that this technology can applied to the seams with potential rock bursting with coal and gas,which can eject out the methane and eliminate methane pressure through space-time combination,and it's also proved to be an effective way to control the complex disaster.After the industrial test in the 31010 tunnel of seam 15th,mining safety is significantly improved and tunneling speed accelerates obviously.


The negative conclusion in the Comment of Becker, Schlicher, and Scully about electromagnetic enhancement of beta decay is shown to be faulty. They have found an algebraic oversight in my paper, but correction of that oversight yields results strongly resembling the original. Becker, Schlicher, and Scully fail to find this. They then conduct an analysis which is highly implicit and incomplete. In attempting to analyze their very complicated expressions they claim not to find significant electromagnetic effects. Yet they also lose completely the electron retardation term of conventional forbidden beta decay. When they attempt to explain the difference between their results and mine, they misconstrue the momentum-translation technique and end up in a logical contradiction. They attempt also to apply a ''no-go'' theorem applicable only to plane-wave particles to my theory, which is built around the use of bound-state nuclear wave functions. This makes the no-go theorem inapplicable.


Genetic engineering involves direct genetic modification of organisms using recombinant DNA technology. The expression of transgenes is regulated by the promoter attached upstream to the gene. The transformation of plants is very important to impart desirable traits. A variety of promoters is necessary at all levels of genetic engineering in plants to regulate gene expression. The plant promoters fall into various categories including constitutive, tissue specific, inducible and differentially regulated. The study was focused on identification and cloning of sucrose synthase gene promoter in modified expression vector pGR1 derived from (pJIT166). The cloned promoters can further be studied for transgene analysis and GUS studies.


In conjunction with schools and teachers, the family plays a significant part in teaching kids how learning should be done. This research seeks to ascertain Family preparation for the teaching strategy the instructor used during the Covid-19 epidemic and the Challenges parents and educators experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted at SD Negeri 231 Palembang. This research is done using qualitative research. While the research approach or pattern used in this study uses a descriptive research approach pattern. The subjects or sources of data in this study were teachers, non-religious teachers, and parents of students. In this study, there are two sources of data, namely: primary data and secondary data. Researchers use data collection techniques that  Interview, Documentation study. Based on the results, of this study SD Negeri 231 Palembang implemented online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The role of parents in the Covid-19 pandemic situation has a fundamental position. Moreover, all delivery of material is carried out online and requires technological facilities to be provided to children, so the participation of parents in accompanying their children is very much needed. If in conventional learning the role of parents at home is limited to being parents to their children, in online learning apart from being parents at home, students' parents also act as educators, mentors, motivators, and facilitators. Obstacles experienced by parents and teachers can be a challenge for parents and teachers by providing appropriate solutions to overcome the obstacles experienced by teachers.


Abstract The present paper summarises theoretical and experimental work undertaken to develop a hardfacing product designated '167Nb-S'. This material, which is based on the Fe-Cr-Nb-C system, was designed for cladding components subjected to severe abrasive wear by submerged arc welding. The work undertaken includes microstructural characterisation, solidification modelling and abrasion testing. The microstructure of 167Nb-S consists of a large volume fraction of primary niobium carbides, surrounded by a martensitic matrix containing fine quasi-eutectic niobium carbides. Some retained austenite is found along grain boundaries, together with small amounts of intermetallic phase. Alloy development enabled a reduction in the amount of retained austenite and intermetallic phase present in early versions of the alloy, which is beneficial in terms of abrasive wear resistance and weld cracking susceptibility. Standard three body abrasion tests showed that 167Nb-S exhibits wear rates comparable to those of high carbon/high chromium hardfacing deposits with similar hardness. The material 167Nb-S offers many advantages over conventional hardfacing products as high quality multilayer deposits with hardness up to 61 HRC can be deposited crack free, and these remain machinable. A highly successful application of this material is the cladding of roller press rollers, as an alternative to titanium containing hardfacing consumables or segments.


Nonlinear diffusion acceleration (NDA) can improve the performance of a neutron transport solver significantly especially for the multigroup eigenvalue problems. The high-order transport equation and the transport-corrected low-order diffusion equation form a nonlinear system in NDA, which can be solved via a Picard iteration. The consistency of the correction of the low-order equation is important to ensure the stabilization and effectiveness of the iteration. It also makes the low-order equation preserve the scalar flux of the high-order equation. In this paper, the consistent correction for a particular discretization scheme, self-adjoint angular flux (SAAF) formulation with discrete ordinates method (SN) and continuous finite element method (CFEM) is proposed for the multigroup neutron transport equation. Equations with the anisotropic scatterings and a void treatment are included. The Picard iteration with this scheme has been implemented and tested with RattleSNake, a MOOSE-based application at INL. Convergence results are presented.


Good oyster mushroom strains suitable for growing in Zuojia area were selected through the experiments of strain making and culture with seven oyster mushroom strains.


While much of the effort on routing in ad hoc wireless networks is focused on source routing and flooding, in this work we explore the possibility of applying packet switching concept to an ad hoc wireless environment. It is well known that packet switching is a robust and efficient technique for data that can tolerate some delay. Similar to the traditional packet switching technique, we propose a disjoint multipath source routing (DMPSR) technique which allows packets originating from the same source to be statistically multiplexed onto multiple disjoint routes. Each route can relay packets from multiple sources. In this paper, we analyze the transport capacity of this scheme and compare the result to that obtained in P. Gupta et al. (2000) and O.K. Tonguz et al. (2003), which consider single path source routing. Given a network of size A with N mobile nodes, each capable of transmitting at R bps, our results show that the maximum transport capacity of this scheme converges to R/spl radic/(AN) when load balancing is employed (i.e., number of routes being relayed through any given node is the same for all the nodes). If, however, no load balancing is used, then the transport capacity of DMPSR will be greater than that of the traditional source routing when the spatial density of the network is below some critical threshold. Beyond the critical threshold, however, transport capacity is significantly less than the one obtained in O.K. Tonguz et al. ( 2003) and P. Gupta et al. (2000) since a mobile node has to spend more time relaying messages for other sources.


Grid computing is the infrastructure that involves a large number of resources like computers, networks and databases which are owned by many organizations.Job scheduling problem is one of the key issues because of high heterogeneous and dynamic nature of resources and applications in the grid computing environment.Bee colony approach has
been used to solve this problem because it can be easily adapted to the grid scheduling environment.The bee algorithms have shown encouraging results in terms of time and co
st.In this paper a framework for multi objective bee colony optimization is proposed to schedule batch jobs to available resources where the number of jobs is greater than the number of resources.Pareto analysis and k-means analysis are integrated in the
bee colony optimization algorithm to facilitate the scheduling of jobs to
resources.


Abstract In this study, we carried out an amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaLISA) to detect sulfonamides (SAs) antibiotic residues in plasma, milk, pork, chicken, and fish. The SAs AlphaLISA method can detect 13 SAs with half‐inhibitory concentration (IC50) 2.11–29.77 ng/ml. The detection level of those SAs was 0.3–41.12 ng/ml in matrices, which satisfied the maximum residue limit (MRL) of the European Union, United States, and China. Our recoveries are in the range of 88% to 116.8% with a coefficient of variation less than 9.3% for different spiked food samples. We observed a good correlation between the AlphaLISA and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) with blood samples from injected rabbits. The established AlphaLISA method provided a no‐washing, rapid, high‐throughput screening tool for SAs in food quality control, which is suitable for small‐volume samples.


Recently, a generalization of the conventional (ZOH) discrete time control method called "discrete continuous (D/C) control", was introduced in the control literature. In that generalization the discrete time control is allowed to vary continuously with time in an open loop fashion, across each sampling interval t/sub k/<t<t/sub k+1/. The discrete continuous control method was applied to the discrete time linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem in a 1996 SSST paper. A detailed analytical analysis of the closed loop performance of a special case of D/C LQR control, called "linear in time" (LIT), is developed to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for its superiority in comparison to the closed loop performance of the conventional ZOH LQR control. Some examples are presented to illustrate the analytical results.


Most of the human action recognition systems based on 3-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3D CNN) architecture recognize human actions frame by frame in video streams, which need to be deployed on high-performance platforms such as cloud servers. Through the targeted optimization of the processing method of each frame of the video in the process of human action recognition, the computing power requirements and the total processing time of human action recognition are reduced. The optimization of human action recognition is tested and verified by the Kinetics-700 dataset, and the accuracy of action recognition is similar to that before optimization, and the total recognition time is only 14.1 % of the total time before optimization. It effectively reduces the performance requirements of the deployment platform, improves the real-time performance of action recognition, and increases the practicability of human action recognition based on deep learning in the application of low computing power platforms.


System call relative information such as occurrences, type, parameters, and return values are well established metrics to reveal intrusions in a system software. Many Host Intrusion Detection Systems (HIDS) from research and industry analyze these data for continuous system monitoring at runtime. Despite a significant false alarm rate, this type of defense offers high detection precision for both known and zero-day attacks. Recent research focuses on HIDS deployment for desktop computers. Yet, the integration of such run-time monitoring solution in mixed-criticality embedded systems has not been discussed. Because of the cohabitation of potentially vulnerable non-critical software with critical software, securing mixed-criticality systems is a non trivial but essential issue. Thus, we propose a methodology to evaluate the impact of deploying system call instrumentation in such context. We analyze the impact in a concrete use-case with PikeOS real-time hypervisor. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Security and privacy → Embedded systems security; Security and privacy → Intrusion detection systems


Maintenance of physical properties after thermal aging is becoming more and more important for vinyl as the polymer makes further inroads into engineered applications. Many OEMs and regulatory agencies are now requiring that polymers used in business machine, appliance, and consumer electronic applications maintain both tensile and impact properties for long periods of time at high temperatures. The choice of impact modifier and other formulation ingredients appears critical to developing a successful compound that will maintain both tensile and impact properties after thermal aging. In this paper, we discuss the effects of different impact modifier types and other formulation variables on property retention.


That is the central problem dealt with in three very different books about being with others. Matthew Lieberman approaches the issue from the perspective of his pioneering field of social cognitive neuroscience, the study of how the brain responds to the social world; Joshua Greene looks at it through the lens of moral philosophy and psychology; and Martha Nussbaum brings political philosophy to the party, infusing her discussion with her trademark blend of aesthetic and historical analysis.


The first English printer was William Caxton, and the first English printed book to contain Arabic was produced by his assistant and successor, Wynkyn de Worde, of Fleet Street in London. The work in question is Robert Wakefield's Latin treatise on the merits of Arabic, Aramaic and Hebrew, of 1524, entitled Oratio de laudibus & utilitate trium linguarum Arabicae Chaldaicae & Hebraicae. Wakefield, who died in 1537, was a graduate of Cambridge, and. studied and taught Oriental languages at the Universities of Louvain/Leuven and Tubingen. He was later summoned back to England by Henry VIII to be Professor of Hebrew, first at Cambridge and later at Oxford.1 His learned disquisition on the Semitic languages obviously needed good, clear Hebrew and Arabic typography, and, equally clearly, the printer was not competent to provide this. Indeed, the author was obliged to omit a further part of the work-because of the lack of adequate types.2 The few Arabic characters used, crudely cut on wood, are misshapen and lack cursiveness. The best specimen is the bismillah incorporated into Wynkyn's elaborate printer's device at the end, in which Caxton's initials form the centrepiece. But in places the Arabic letters used in the text of the book are extremely crude and sometimes barely decipherable.


A radio-tagged ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) hen and brood were periodically encountered and enumerated to simulate censusing for brood-size. This allowed subsequent comparison between the observed and known numbers. Continual, average underestimation occurred: 54 percent for the young brood, 40 percent after fledging, and 34 percent with exclusion of suspect counts. Difference between the known seasonal mean of 9.0 chicks per encounter and the observed value of 4.7 chicks was highly significant (P < 0.001). J. WILDL. MANAGE. 39(1):197-193 A study was conducted at the Cloquet Forest Research Center, University of Minnesota, Carlton County, Minnesota, to quantify the relationship between the number of ruffed grouse chicks counted in brood censusing and the known size of the brood at the time of each count. I thank G. Gullion, W. Marshall, and P. Schladweiler for their assistance. The project was funded by Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration, Minnesota Project W-35-R, National Science Foundation Grant GB1345, and Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Project 17-83H.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand how market uncertainty affects sustainability management for long-term survival and growth.

Design/methodology/approach
Structural equation modeling is applied to evaluate the research model using data from a survey of 210 firms in China.

Findings
Empirical findings show that market uncertainty encourages entrepreneurship, which is an impetus for sustainability management. Economic and environmental responsibility positively affects balanced scorecard, but social responsibility does not.

Research limitations/implications
The study results show that economic and environmental responsibility is essential for success, but social responsibility appears to lack effect. Therefore, future research might further explore why social responsibility fails to enhance corporate performance.

Practical implications
When firms consider sustainability management for long-term survival and growth, they should not only strive to grow regional economic benefits but also adhere to environmental regulations and protect the local ecosystem.

Originality/value
This study observes how market uncertainty, entrepreneurship and corporate sustainability (economic, environmental and social responsibility) affect the overall performance of firms in China.


Indigenous Peoples research and data sovereignty is of paramount importance to a healthy relationship between Indigenous Peoples and the research enterprise. The development of Indigenous methods and methodologies lends itself to the hot discussion of research and data or, as we posit, knowledge born from Alaska Native communities' experiences and observations since time immemorial. Within the context of climate change, Alaska Native communities in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge (Flats) are experiencing research fatigue. There are an extraordinary number of researchers applying constant pressure on Alaska Native communities on the Yukon Flats to engage with research ideas and pursuits that are not of their own needs. In concert with large and frequent grant dollars that are promoting research with Alaska Native Peoples and demand grant proposals have components of coproduction of knowledge intertwined with the research. With so much research directed at, not with, Alaska Native communities on the Yukon Flats, never has it been more important to shape research and data sovereignty with Alaska Native communities based on their needs and their worldviews. This article works to demonstrate how established Indigenous methods in collaboration with Alaska Native and Allies scholarship alongside Alaska Native communities inform the future of Alaska Native research and data sovereignty.


The 11th Circuit upheld the District Court's ruling that there was no likelihood of confusion when a company's trade name was improperly used on component parts in a water-meter reading system, manufactured and sold by other companies. The 11th Circuit found that the plaintiff had not shown that it was likely that relevant consumers would ever see its trade name used on component parts within the larger meter system. Where relevant consumers were not likely to encounter the use of the plaintiff's trade name, there could be no likelihood of confusion.


Technological properties of wheat flours are largely governed by the functional properties of storage proteins, comprising single chain gliadins and disulphide-bonded polymeric proteins (glutenins, triticins, HMW albumins). This study was conducted (a) to measure the rate of accumulation of different classes of proteins, (b) to monitor the rate of polymerization of the polymeric subunits, and (c) to investigate the origin of differences in the degree of polymerization arising from allelic differences at the Glu-D1 locus of HMW glutenin subunits. Developing grains from hexaploid wheat cultivars were collected at 3-d intervals between 7 d and 40 d after anthesis (DAA). The accumulation behaviour of polymeric proteins was determined by size exclusion-HPLC and of the constituent polypeptides (HMW glutenin subunits, LMW glutenin subunits, HMW albumin subunits) by a combination of SDS-PAGE, reversed phase-HPLC and immunoblotting. The relative time for peak accumulation of the albumins/gobulins, gliadins and polymeric proteins occurred in that order during grain filling. Deposition of HMW glutenin subunits, LMW glutenin subunits and HMW albumin subunits (β-amylases) began as early as 7 d after anthesis and progressed until maturity. Disulphide-linked aggregation (polymerization) of these subunits also commenced at 7 DAA. However, significant changes in size distribution of the polymers occurred only during the late stages of seed development which coincided with a rapid increase in the amounts of the glutenin subunits. The effects of HMW albumin subunits and LMW glutenin subunits on polymer size were relatively smaller than that of the HMW glutenin subunits. The wheat biotype with HMW glutenin subunits 5+10 (Glu-D1d allele) accumulated larger polymers more quickly than the biotype with allelic subunits 2+12 (Glu-D1a allele), this difference becoming apparent at 28 DAA which could be attributed to variation in the accumulation rate of HMW glutenin subunits.


AIM To elucidate controlled expression of p16 protein. METHODS We constructed an inducible expression vector pMDNA3 p16 and transfected it into bladder carcinoma cell line T24 with inactivation of multiple tumor suppressor1 (MTS1). Expressions of p16 protein were detected by IHC and ISH. RESULTS There was distinct difference of p16 protein between induced cells and non induced cells by heavy metal ion. CONCLUSION Expression of p16 protein in bladder carcinoma cell line T24 can be controlled by heavy metal ion induction.


• This brief review of the rapidly developing research on vascular smooth muscle presents the state of the art as I see it from within my own frame of reference. For a more objective, detailed insight into the workings of vascular smooth muscle, several substantial reviews and compendiums may be read (1-7). CONTRACTILE PROTEINS The mechanical events responsible for the contraction of vascular smooth muscle are associated with its contractile proteins. These proteins not only develop the mechanical force responsible for the contraction but also act as the enzyme that catalyzes the release of energy by which this force is developed. They are both the spark plug and the piston of the contractile machine. The contractile proteins of vascular smooth muscle are arranged in well-organized thick and thin filaments (8-10). The thick filaments, presumably bundles of myosin molecules, average 15.5 nm in diameter and have lateral projections suggestive of cross-bridges extending toward adjacent thin filaments. The thin filaments, presumably fibrous actin, average 5-8 nm in diameter and appear to be attached to dense bodies that are usually connected to the cell membrane. Contraction of vascular smooth muscle most probably is effected by some version of the Huxley sliding filament mechanism. The most easily interpretable studies of the functions of the contractile proteins are those performed in isolation with the determinants of the enzymatic and physical responses tightly controlled. There is a qualitative similarity between the actomyosin of vascular smooth muscle and the actomyosin of skeletal muscle (11) evidenced by the observation that a hybrid actomyosin can be prepared by combining myosin from one of these types of muscle with actin from the other; this


SLEEP DEPRIVATION IS BOTH COMMON AND CRITICALLY RELEVANT IN OUR SOCIETY.1 AS A CLINICAL ENTITY, SLEEP DEPRIVATION IS RECOGNIZED BY the diagnosis of insufficient sleep syndrome (International Classification of Diseases [ICD] #307.49-4). However, sleep loss is also common in a broad range of occupations and in many normal healthy individuals. About a third of normal young adults can be considered too sleepy by various criteria (see review2). Significant sleepiness is also associated with a number of sleep disorders, night shift work, and jet lag. Sleepiness poses an increased risk when driving and during other safety-sensitive activities. For some of these individuals, an appropriate course of action is recognition and treatment of an underlying sleep disorder. Others may be unaware that they have adopted a sleep-wake schedule that does not allow sufficient time for sleep, and this results in chronic partial sleep deprivation.3 For these sleepy individuals, an appropriate course of action is to modify their schedule to allow appropriate time for sleep. However, in those for whom sleep loss is inevitable (eg, in emergencies when public health and safety personnel are responding to a disaster or when military personnel must engage in prolonged operations), judicious voluntary use of a stimulant under appropriate medical supervision may be warranted. In such situations, the use of a stimulant to maintain alertness and performance should be the result of informed decisions in which the potential risks and benefits are understood and accepted. Concerns about the potential reliance of healthy, sleep-deprived persons on stimulants to prevent the effects of sleep loss on alertness and performance have led the American Academy of Sleep Medicine to examine the evidence for the efficacy and safety of stimulant use during sleep loss and to review other risks associated with stimulants as a means of defining parameters for the appropriate use of stimulants during sleep loss. This evidencebased review summarizes current knowledge of the performance effects of the stimulants caffeine, amphetamine, methylphenidate, pemoline, and modafinil in sleep-deprived healthy humans.


Transfer of players between different football clubs happens in a particular time interval called transfer window. The issue with the present transfer market business model is that target players are chosen at the whim of the club's scouts, coaches, managers, and owners rather than using data-driven, objective approaches. This paper aims at obtaining individual attributes of various players and analyzing whether a player bought by a particular club would improve that team's overall gameplay in the upcoming seasons in a data-driven perspective. It does this by using machine learning to perform analysis and clustering. The use case considered is a football club called Norwich City. Data for the same has been collected and analyzed from fbref.com, the largest detailed football statistics website.


Introduction. The article is focused on evaluating the stress-strain state of nonreinforced arch cover structures made of thin-walled cold-formed profiles and arch cover structures reinforced by arch frames made of triangular trusses and girders. The relevance of the study is backed by the need to reinforce arch covers in the event that the design area of operation of a structure is different from the actual area of operation, which is confirmed by the recent cases of collapse of these structures. To reduce the labour input into simulation, the authors suggest a 3D modelling methodology presented using the case of a hangar reinforced by orthotropic plates and rods.
Materials and methods. A 2D analysis of an arch was performed using the parameters of the reduced cross-section and a 3D analysis of the same arch was performed using a combined cross-section of plates and rods to verify the methodology. The 2D arch and 3D models were subjected to snow loading in compliance with the regulatory document document SP 20.13330.2016 "Loads and impacts". Parameters of reduced straight sections and stresses, arising in the 2D arch, were analyzed on the basis of identified internal forces and the regulatory document SP 260.1325800.2016 "Thin-walled steel structures made of cold-formed galvanized profiles and corrugated sheets". A reduction in the rigidity of corrugated sections is taken into account by assessing the rigidity subjected to the effect of a single force. Finite element modeling was conducted in SCAD Office software; stresses and displacements were calculated automatically.
Results. The 3D calculation method involving orthotropic plates and rods showed satisfactory convergence with the calculation made in the two-dimensional formulation. Maximum stresses arising in a 3D model are 2 % lower than in a 2D arch, and maximum displacements are 21 % lower thanks to a more accurate FEM analysis of the 3D behaviour of the whole hangar.
Conclusions. The proposed modeling technique reduces the labor intensity of structural modeling and is suitable for evaluating the joint behaviour of basic and reinforced structures of any type.


Based on the spot conditions and the design requirements, the process of chemical coagulation membrane filtration linking electrical oxygenation with catalysis not being influenced by the special natural conditions was studied. Quality of sewage which minimal temperature attains 5 ℃treated by the process may achieve the second level of Water Quality Standard for Drinking Water Sources (CJ3020-93). The results of experiment and spot test show that the testing equipments work with a stable reliability and may meet the using requirement under cold, poor oxygen and atrocious conditions.


Climate change will have important effects on arctic productivity and greenhouse gas exchange. These changes were projected by the model ecosys under an Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 scenario over the 21st century for a landscape including an upland tundra and a lowland fen at Daring Lake, NWT. Rising temperatures and precipitation caused increases in active layer depths (ALD) and eventual formation of taliks, particularly in the fen, which were attributed to heat advection from warmer and more intense precipitation and downslope flow. These changes raised net primary productivity from more rapid N mineralization and uptake, driven by more rapid heterotrophic respiration and increasing deciduous versus evergreen plant functional types. Consequently, gains in net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of 29 and 10 g C m−2 yr−1 were modeled in the tundra and fen after 90 years. However, CH4 emissions modeled from the fen rose sharply from direct effects of increasing soil temperatures and greater ALD on fermenter and methanogenic populations and from indirect effects of increasing sedge growth, which hastened transfer of CH4 through porous roots to the atmosphere. After 90 years, landscape CH4 emissions increased from 1.1 to 5.2 g C m−2 yr−1 while landscape NEP increased from 34 to 46 g C m−2 yr−1. Positive feedback to radiative forcing from increases in CH4 emissions more than offset negative feedback from increases in NEP. This feedback was largely attributed to rises in CH4 emission caused by heat advection from increasing precipitation, the impacts of which require greater attention in arctic climate change studies.


Recently, the large scale disasters are occurred frequently. Therefore, the disaster monitoring is very important. The damaged area mapping using satellite image was tried based on land cover classification map it. When satellite imagery can be simulated based on the mechanism of reflectivity from an actual object, the reliable land cover classification will be done. For the simulation, Light source, Spectral Reflectance and Digital Surface Model should be decided. The spectrum of solar radiation was generated by SMARTS_295 software. In this study, seven categories were selected as land cover classification items which are needle leaf tree, broad leaf tree, grass land, bright bare land, dark bare land, residential area and water body. The spectral reflectances of the objects were measured by a spectroradiometer which produced by OCEAN OPTICS USB4000. Digital surface model was made by combining the terrain elevation model and simple 3D model of land cover. In this study, the 3D model is called object model. The simulation results of seven categories are compared with satellite data. The nearest category is assign to classified land cover. On March 11 2011, huge earthquake was occurred in the Tohoku, Japan. The tsunami destroyed a lot of houses and damaged by flood. The detection of the damaged area was tried using this classification method. The result showed the flood damaged area was 20600m 2 in test area 1 and 901800m 2 in test area 2. Moreover the damaged area of the residential quarter was 1151800m 2 in test area 1 and 889600m 2 in test area 2. These results were obtained from only satellite data. The results should be verified using aerial photograph and field survey.


To show PR damage as the location of visually significant pathological changes in MEWDS with the use of multimodal imaging.


Augmented Reality (AR) has developed to be a popular and exciting technology domain, gaining notable public interest from 2009 to the present day. AR applications have traditionally focused upon paradigms that are visually led. In this paper, we document an Audio Augmented Reality (AAR) project, which considers soundscapes and how they might be transformed via the application of music and sound technologies. This work is concerned with the augmentation of nature soundscapes and explores how this may be used to enhance public understanding of the natural world. At present, we are concerned with the augmentation of spaces with biophony. Two examples of acoustic augmented reality are described: an initial pilot study to investigate the feasibility of the approach and an installation at the Timber International Forest Festival 2019. A technical description of each is provided alongside our own reflection and participant feedback, garnered from a soundwalk inspired approach to evaluation by audiences at the festival.


This article explores the connections between Vygotsky's psychology and Marxism, arguing that his was a "Marxist psychology" in its "historical foundation": a specific conception of history. This conception of history is evident in Vygotsky's analysis and diagnosis of the crisis in psychology. The creation of a Marxist, general psychology was the historical task that was defined by this crisis, and his developmental psychology was the historical project of such a psychology. In his practice of the methodology of this general psychology, Vygotsky recounted "child history": the history of the genesis of mind. The conception of history evident in Crisis throws new light on Vygotsky's texts on child development: They tell a history of the objective tendencies of consciousness, of the dialectical processes of sublation, and of self-mastery. As Vygotsky interpreted the higher mental functions, they are manifestations of the child's ability to master himself or herself as a consequence of the "social moment" of consciousness. In fostering these functions, one shaped a human consciousness capable of free and deliberate choice.


Interstitial (cornual) pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy (2-4%) with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The most morbid complication of cornual pregnancy is cornual rupture which may result in severe haemorrhage, hypovolemia and shock. The other rare ectopic pregnancy is seen on the cervix. The incidence of cervical pregnancy has been calculated as between 1 in 1000 or 1 in 18 000 live births or less than 1% of ectopic pregnancies. After final diagnosis for these morbidities, medical or surgical treatment modalities may be preferred. But due to high morbidity and mortality rates of the surgical procedures conservative therapy with methotrexate has been preferred recently. Here in, we present six cases of ectopic pregnancies; five cornual, and one cervical, successfully treated with transvaginal ultrasonography guided local methotrexate injection.


As network-based spatial analysis techniques such as Space Syntax and ERAM were continuously developed, there have been successful attempts to introduce the weighting concept these days. The application of the concept of angular weighting to Space Syntax


An electrooxidative C-H functionalization is a widely accepted route to obtain sulfur-containing arenes and heteroarenes. However, this process often involves using non-recyclable supporting electrolytes, (co)solvents like hexafluoroisopropanol, additives like acid, or catalysts. The use of additional reagents can increase costs and waste, reducing atom efficiency. Moreover, unlike other nitrogen-containing heterocycles, there have only been sporadic reports of electrochemical C-H functionalization in fused pyrimidin-4-ones, and an electrolyte-free process has yet to be developed. We demonstrate that such anodic coupling reactions can be performed in an all-green electrolytic system without using such additional electrolytes or HFIP, maintaining a high atom economy. This C-H functionalization strategy utilizes inexpensive sodium sulfinates and ammonium thiocyanate as sulfonylating and thiocyanating agents in an undivided cell at a constant current, using a mixture of CH3CN/H2O as solvent at room temperature. Thus, fused pyrimidin-4-ones can be selectively converted into C3-sulfonylated and -thiocyanated derivatives in moderate to good yields.


A method for making steel wires, wherein an elongate shaped wire is produced by rolling or drawing steel consisting of 0.05-0.8 % C, 0.4-1.5 % Mn, 0-2.5 % Cr, 0.1-0.6 % Si, 0-1 % Mo, no more than 0.25 % Ni, and no more than 0.02 % S and P, and a first heat treatment is performed on the shaped wire, including at least one step of quenching under predetermined conditions to achieve an HRC hardness of at least 32, a predominantly martensitic and bainitic steel structure and a small amount of ferrite. A shaped wire and a flexible tube for conveying an H2S-containing effluent are disclosed.


In clusters containing heterogeneous systems for harnessing the computing and other resources, distributed computing tools are employed. Task is submitted to a tool and the actual execution is carried out on aggregated network resources. Tools take care of scheduling, distributing sub-tasks and gathering results along with synchronization and message exchange requirements. They need initialization and synchronization routines for the submitted task. These tools also provide features like transparency, fault tolerance and load balancing. The aim of tool designers should be to provide quality performance with add on request initialization and feature provision. Initialization routines and special features provision take their own time over core distributed computing. In this paper, a tool DTM is implemented. DTM serves to achieve macro level parallelization. It may also be used for placing other distributed computing tools on a performance index, judging their start-up and performance.


Wastewater containing the natural product of boron contaminates rivers and groundwater. Under the Water Pollution Control Law, since boron is specified as a toxic substance, it is necessary for the company to treat wastewater exceeding the standard value. In order to improve boron removal processing technology, various feasibility experiments were carried out, and the various adsorbents and flocculants for boron removal were developed [1]. There is a need for innovative removal technologies that can be realized on a commercial basis. Hot-Springs drainage is raised as a representative one which exceeds an environmental-standards value. In addition to boron, Hot-Springs drainage composes of the sediments from calcium carbonates contains, and it has been reported that boron is taken into the sediments [2]. However, the mechanism of how boron co-precipitates with calcium carbonate remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of boron species on the coprecipitation mechanism of boron in calcium carbonate, the amount of boron coprecipitation, and the morphology of calcium carbonate. Different experimental conditions were set up in the presence of different boron species (boric acid, borate ion, polyboric acid) by varying the boron concentration with a pH meter. The ratio of boron species coprecipitated with calcium carbonate as well as the concentration sites was determined by NEXAFS spectroscopy. We conducted the spontaneous precipitation experiment of the boron to calcium carbonate, keeping the pH adjusted to 8, 10, or 12. Boric concentrations were 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 35, 50, 75 or 100 mM. We carried out the NEXAFS measurements of the obtained precipitates at boron K-edge by the total electron yield mode at BL-11, Ritsumeikan University SR center. The spectrum of boron K-edge NEXAFS contains three characteristic peaks [3, 4]. The peak observed at 194 eV (peak A) is derived from trigonal boron (IIIB), which is originated from the 1 s electron transition to the vacant 2 pz orbital of the BO3 group. The peak observed at 197-200 eV (peak B) belongs to tetrahedral boron (IVB), which is originated from the 1 s electron transition to the vacant σ * orbital of the BO4 group. The broad peak observed at around 200 eV reflects the effects of both IIIB and IVB. H3BO3, Borax, and Datolite are standard samples containing 100%, 50% and 0% of IIIB, respectively. However, the signal of IIIB was detected in Datolite which is a mineral which consists of only IVB(s). Since Datolite is a natural mineral, the different coordination number of boron is contaminated. For the boron K-edge NEXAFS spectrum of the precipitate, both peaks A and B are observed regardless of the boron concentration and pH. This indicates that calcium carbonate incorporates IIIB and IVB regardless of the boron species contained in the solution.


The innate immune system provides an essential first line of defense against infection. Innate immune cells detect pathogens through several classes of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) allowing rapid response to a broad spectrum of infectious agents. Activated receptors initiate signaling cascades that lead to the production of cytokines, chemokines and type I interferons all of which are vital for controlling pathogen load and coordinating the adaptive immune response. Detection of nucleic acids by the innate immune system has emerged as a mechanism by which infection is recognized. Recognition of DNA is complex, influenced by sequence, structure, covalent modification and subcellular localization. Interestingly certain synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides comprised of the TTAGGG motif inhibit proinflammatory responses in a variety of disease models. T hese suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides (sup ODN) have been shown to directly block TLR9 signaling as well as prevent STAT1 and STAT4 phosphorylation. Recently AIM2 has been shown to engage ASC and assemble an inflammasome complex leading to the caspase-1-dependent maturation of IL-1β and IL-18. T he AIM2 inflammasome is activated in response to cytosolic dsDNA and plays an important role in controlling replication of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). In the second chapter of this thesis, a novel role for the sup ODN A151 in inhibiting cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways is described. Treatment of dendritic cells and macrophages with the A151 abrogated type I IFN, TNF-α and ISG induction in response to cytosolic dsDNA. A151 also reduced INFβ and TNF-α induction in BMDC and BMDM responding to the herpesviruses HSV-1 and MCMV but had no effect on the responses to LPS or Sendai virus. In addition, A151


Objective To analyze the role of T14502C mutation locus in the onset and development of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON).Methods Fifteen family members accepted ophthalmic examination including visual acuity,intraocular pressure,slit lamp,fundus,color vision and fundus fluorescein angiography examination.The mitochondrial DNA of members was extracted by the method of high salt.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was performed according to the primary mutations(G11778A,T14484C,G3460A) and amplification products were sequenced in both directions after purification.Results In 15 family members,10 cases carried both G11778A and T14502C mutation loci,in which 3 cases developed LHON.The onset of average age was 13 years old,and all of the patients were male and showed no recovery of visual acuity.Conclusion Patients from pedigree carrying both G11778A and T14502C mutations may suffer lower age of onset and worse prognosis than that of pedigree with G11778A mutation locus alone.


BACKGROUND
Partial antidepressant response is associated with increased rates of relapse. Despite increasing evidence that full symptomatic remission is the optimal goal of antidepressant therapy, there have been few comparisons between disparate treatment approaches to achieve this goal.

METHOD
Forty-four patients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD) who had a partial response (17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM-D-17] score of 8-15) during open-label antidepressant treatment for 8 to 14 weeks were randomly assigned to receive cognitive therapy (CT) or lithium augmentation (LA) for a further 8 weeks using a single-blind design. Antidepressant medication was continued throughout the study. Subjects were also reassessed 4 weeks after discontinuation of LA or CT. Patients were enrolled in this study beginning September 1996 and follow-up for all patients was completed in December 2000.

RESULTS
Although LA or CT did not significantly decrease symptom severity during sequential combination therapy, there was a significant decrease in HAM-D-17 scores 4 weeks later in LA-treated subjects compared with CT-treated subjects (p =.04). This resulted in 32% of patients achieving remission status, although between-group differences were not significantly different (38% in the LA group compared with 26% in the CT group, p =.39).

CONCLUSION
Despite methodological limitations, this preliminary study provides justification for both combination treatments. An adequately powered, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the relative merits of combination psychotherapy and augmentation of pharmacotherapy in patients with partially remitted MDD is required.


Recent study trends on elderlies range from improving their quality of life to reducing the risk of falling. This paper investigates current concerns on the risk of any untoward fall or injury of elderly residents in public housing due to the rising number of the elderly population. This study aims to analyze published literature with a focus on finding a non-semantic relation on the built environment with the elderly quality of life and risk of falling. Results show that a pleasant environment could introduce social activities in which significantly improves the quality of life and reduce fall risk among the elderly population.Keywords: elderly; quality of life; fall risk; environment.eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1939


Objective: To observe the treatment effect of the rat brain glioma with the chemotherapy and hypertension induced by angiotensinⅡ. Methods: After the model of rat brain glioma was established, Tumour was treated by the therapy with hypertension induced by angiotensinⅡ. The local brain blood flow and local drug concentration of glioma was determined, and the tumorous weight and rat survival time was observed. Reasults: By the chemotherapy and hypertension, both local brain blood flow and local drug concentration increased and survival time was also longer than those without the hypertension. Conclusion: Therapeutic effect on glioma of the rat brain with hypertension is better than that without the hypertension, time and rate also increase.


As a part of the 13-year long,nationwide Land and Resource Investigations,multidisciplinary studies,concentrated on the coastal Quaternary geology,have been carrying out on the muddy coast of Binhai New Area,Tianjin and adjacent muddy coast along the west Bohai Bay.This paper,as a brief summary,introduces,most conscientiously,the results obtained in the past 13 years as follows. (1) The geoenvironmental changes on the muddy coast(coastal lowland-intertidal zone-shallow sea) have been defined as the main direction and major task. (2) Stratigraphical framework,depositional discontinuities,differential tectonic movements and sequence stratigraphy since the late Pleistocene,ca.140 ka BP,have been discussed based on nearly 30 boreholes of total footage 1 600 m,and,of them 400 m were drilled on the shallow sea. (3) Two informal stratigraphical units,the Gray Unit and the Yellow Unit,occurred in the mid-to late Holocene,as the upper portion of the Marine Bed I,have been set up based on more than 4 000 Eijelkamp cores.The Gray Unit is intertidal while the Yellow Unit is supratidal,including lagoonal-salt marshy-swampy environments.Geological mapping,1/50 000,is able to give further computer-processing pseudo-3D representation. (4) A first non-profitable investigation,including bathymetry-subbottom profiling-fully-coring drilling-subbottom sampling-side sonar-single channel seismology-210Pb and 137Cs dating of the surficial sediments,has been pursued systematically in the sallow sea area,3 000km2,west Bohai Bay.The sediments after Deglaciation has been subdivided into 6 units from Ua to Uf. (5) Shoreline migrations of the past 130 years have been reconstructed correlating the historical maps with air photos and satellite images at different years.It can be separated into two stages.The Stage 1,between the end of LIA(Little Ice Age) and the 1950's,shoreline changed from tortuous to straightforward with erosion,and the Stage 2,from the 1950's up to now,human-influenced accumulation and reclamation push the shoreline extending seaward.However,annual monitoring on tidal flat morphology has revealed that the tidal flat seems to entering a new Stage 3,in which a new recession seems to be over its threshold. (6) 210Pb and 137Cs dating for young sediments has been firstly created in Bohai Bay coast.Based on nearly a hundred sets of the 210Pb and 137Cs data,of which both 210Pb and 137Cs simultaneously dated are near 60 sets that we contributed 40,a preliminary zonation of the modern sedimentation rates in Bohai Bay coastline has been delineated showing the lowest rate zone of 1 mm/a,high rate zone of 5 mm/year with maximum of 30 mm/a and unstable rate zone in adjacent shallow sea area of 5 mm/a usually. (7) Surficial sediments of the intertidal flat and shallow sea area have been granulometrically analyzed indicating zonal characteristics both horizontally and vertically.At the intertidal flat of the sector between Duliujianhe mouth and Haihe mouth,surficial sediments are both coursing-up/coursing northward and sorting better upward/northward as well.This is estimated as a result of water sluice building-up half a century ago,which damped water and sediment discharges.Consequently,the Haihe Delta waned gradually due to prevailed sea water influences. (8) Modern(both living and dead) foraminifera assemblages are precisely positioned with micromorphology,by Geodimeter on intertidal flat,and sea bottom locations by bathymetry.Thus,the transfer function of modern foraminifera assemblages and water depth(1~10 m) has been preliminarily established.Tentatively,a Holocene relative sea level curve has been set up. (9) Seven diatom assemblages have been distinguished based on various sampling stations with water depths from intertidal to shallow water,different muddy and sandy subbottoms and various salinities.Thus,relationship between diatom distribution and environmental factors,including water depth,salinity and substrata,has pursued.Furthermore,8 events of enhanced marine-influence have been revealed since ca.7 ka cal BP,based on the diatom-based proxy indicating marine influence and climate changes. (10) More than 100 species of bivalve and gastropoda shells,collected and identified in the past decade,have been divided into three major groups as land,marine and transitional facies,and relationships between shells and water depth and salinity have been preliminarily studied and has been used for relative sea level reconstruction. (11) Adding newly discovered five sites,now total 47 sites of oyster reefs have been found,among which 10 reefs are with our intensive observations.Based on their locations and ages ten major reef-groups have been divided indicating the ten cyclicities between reef and overlying mud as the first order category;while the second order cyclicity,consisting of alternation between vertical building-up and intercalated horizontal layers inside the reef bodies,amount to several ten times. (12) Biocarbonate isotope compositions of 18O,13C and 87Sr have been analyzed for numerous shells.A local average δ13C(-2.68 ‰ PDB),obtained by measuring a dozen various shells,has been used for systematic calibration of isotope fractionation in order to get approximate conventional ages for more than 500 non-conventional dates.Rapid-balance hypothesis,by measuring different microgrowth increments of oyster shell,gives a way for further accurate calibration which has been proved by advanced local reservoir values(ΔR=-170~-180a),cited from CALIB.After a decade-long effort,a databank of more than 600 14C ages has been set up. (13) Solution of 18O,13C(and 87Sr) of the oyster shells has been improved from season to a half month level.By measuring the height/width ratio and weight/growth ratio,it is able to distinguish various subenvironments such as estuary and open bay,in which the animal lived.Some essential information,including the growth rate of shell(1~1.7 cm/a) and winter-dormancy temperature(6~11°C),have been acquired based on isotopic results. (14) A hypothesis of polygenetic processes of subaqueous linear bar→barrier island→beach ridge→windblown dune has been raised for the local shelly cheniers.Levelling at many sites indicates that the bottom of chenier often seaward inclines with average of 1 m between the front-foot and rear-base.Based on our new observation and reexamination of previous material,Cheniers III,II and I can be bifurcated in to two branches,respectively.Chenier I,overlying on the buried,protruding-up liner mound,seems to be a causal continuation of the NNW-SSE oriented neotectonic lineation along the shoreline of west Bohai Bay. (15) Multi proxies,including foraminifera,ostrocoda,diatom,mollusks,nodules of gypsum and pyrite,with AMS 14C and OSL dating,have revealed 9~11 times of enhanced sea water influences belonging to two stages separated by a remarkable waning of sea water during the mid-Holocene.The bottom of chenier and the top of oyster reef have been recognized as tow sea level indicators.The former represents a contemporaneous vertical range of MHW and MLW,with an error value of ±1.5 m.The latter lies on a contemporaneous msl with an error of ±0.7 m,which has been also evidenced by a maximum accommodation space providing for the overlying tidal sediments,of which average thickness is practically measured as 1.6 m,ie.is approximately equal to the range between msl and MHW. (16) Coastal geoenvironmental study has revealed a number of interesting phenomena including the mid-Holocene high dynamic event,6.8~3.5 ka cal BP,in shallow sea area;intercalated storm dumping layers,occurred during Song-Jin Dynasty,late Ming Dynasty and LIA,in cheniers;maximum flooding areas of top ten storms since the late 19th century.The extreme water levels of such top ten have been systematically re-corrected against to the present national datum considering the land subsidence changeable during the past 120 years.As a result,a scenario,named "Adding Geological Factors",for storm prediction till 2050,with various reappearances from 1 in 50 to 1 in 10 000 years,has been raised with land subsidence,sea level rise,enhanced storm water exerted by sea level rise and estuary channel effect,etc. (17) A muddy coastal geoenvironmental assessing system,including 11 parameters of which 5 are geological parameters,has been preliminarily created.We have submitted a number of reports,dealing with assessments of the in Nangang land reclamation area and coast of Huanghua Harbour,Storm-surge prediction for Tianjin Harbour,Soft mud distribution in the shallow sea area of Tianjin,Site-choosing for artificial fishery reefs,Investigation of the living oyster reefs in the shallow sea,Island survey and so on.Also,various suggestions have been conveyed to the local governments from storm forecasting to increasing the height of seadyke.While fulfilling the geological investigations,we perform services for the local eco-and societal development with our solid geo-scientific results.


Future climate change projections are constructed from simulated numerical output from a small set of global climate models—samples of opportunity known as multi‐model ensembles. Climate models do not produce probabilities, nor are they perfect representations of the real climate, and there are complex inter‐relationships due to shared model features. This creates interesting statistical challenges for making inference about the real climate.


This study aims to identify the core competencies of the e-commerce industry. By interviewing consumers we filter some key capabilities of the company. This study therefore adopts the resource-based view of the firm to examine internal dimensions such as resources, capabilities, and core competences through consumer's perspective in e-commerce industry. The results of this study will be useful for conducting future strategic planning of e-commerce.


Seal integrity of cement ring is a sticking point of ensure heavy oil to exploit when in heavy oil exploitation processing.So it is very meaningful of cement sheath'stress analysis in steam injection well.Because of the complex situations that cement sheath must endure high temperature,high pressure or non-uniform stress,cement sheath can be damaged easily.Through mechanical analysis of the system and many factors could be considered,the model of the cement ring where under Non-uniform formtion stress is established.The influence of its modulus,coefficient of thermal expansion,temperature of steam injection are calculated and analyzed,non-uniform formation stress can be caused.It provides important guidance of design of slurry and its damage prevention


Adsorption potential and characteristics of the four different indigenous materials i.e. Naturally Oxidized Iron Scrap (NOIS) sand, red soil and murum, (a type of lateritic soil which is a mix of f ...


This paper describes an experimental setup using a coffee mug, a low delta-temperature model Stirling engine, and a gas pressure sensor. The experiment is targeted toward first-year calculus-based physics labs and was designed to be implemented at low cost (approximately $120 for engine and pressure sensor) and minimal modification to off-the-shelf components for an instructor. The gas pressure sensor we used plugs directly into a USB port, and no data acquisition hub was required. Software to operate the sensor is available from the manufacturer at no additional cost. A sample student procedure handout is provided in Appendix B. Modifications for use in high school physics, algebra-based college physics, and upper-division thermodynamics courses are presented in Appendix A. Two simple modifications to the Stirling engine are required: (1) drilling a hole in the top plate of the Stirling engine and gluing a Luer lock fitting over the hole; and (2) 3D printing a spool that is then hot glued to the driveshaft of the Stirling engine. A more advanced experiment can be performed by 3D printing two gears and using a rotary motion sensor to track the phase of the system. A video demonstration of these modifications is provided. Student calculations of work done by the engine show good correlation with predicted theoretical calculations. Students also rated the experimental procedure highly for both interest and understanding.


A novel nonhydrolyzable ether derivative of RRR-α-tocopherol, RRR-α-tocopherol ether acetic acid analog [2, 5, 7, 8-tetramethyl-2R-(4R, 8R, 12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-yloxyacetic acid (α-TEA)], and a hydrolyzable ester derivative RRR-α-tocopheryl succinate (vitamin E succinate; VES) inhibited BALB/c mouse 66cl-4-GFP mammary tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of 66cl-4-GFP cells in culture with α-TEA or VES Induced dose-dependent DNA synthesis arrest and apoptosis and inhibited colony formation. Liposomal formulations of α-TEA delivered orally or by aerosol significantly reduced subcutaneous 66cl-4-GFP tumor burden and metastasis to lung and lymph nodes. Liposomal formulations of VES delivered by aerosol significantly reduced tumor burden and lung metastasis, but not lymph node metastasis. Unlike α-TEA, VES was ineffective in reducing tumor burden and metastasis to lungs and lymph nodes when administered orally. Analyses of tumor sections showed that α-TEA delivered by either method significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation as measured by KI67, and increased apoptosis as measured by terminal deoxynucleotldyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL), whereas VES delivered by aerosol reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, but not significantly. In summary, the nonhydrolyzable ether vitamin E derivative α-TEA was effective in reducing tumor burden and metastasis when delivered either by aerosol or orally, whereas the hydrolyzable ester vitamin E derivative VES was effective only when delivered by aerosol.


Electrochemical ion insertion/extraction induces periodical volume change, which causes the fatigue and capacity decay of Zn-ion batteries, but the lack of quantitative understandings of the volume change remains a great...


The identification of facial expressions is a fundamental topic in the area of human computer interaction and pattern recognition. The research has gained significant attention in recent years. However many challenges still exist. This is because an individual might display different expressions at different times for the same mood. Expressions can also be influenced by health. Our proposed framework aims to capture unique information related to expressions from salient patches. We extract representative feature patterns at both micro and macro levels within a pixel-patch, and use a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to label expressions. Our experimental results using the Japanese facial expression (JAFEE) and Cohn-Kanade (CK) datasets achieve high recognition rate and efficient computation time, outperforming existing work.


[Objective] To investigate the current status of nosocomial fungus infection in malignant tumor patients,so as to formulate prevention and control countermeasure,and enhance infection prevention and control.[Methods] 205 inpa-tients with mycotic infection in our hospital from 2006-2007 were reviewed.[Results] Respiratory infection was the main in-fection,with the infection rate of 0.95%;The infection rate of white rosary fungus was the highest with the rate of 72.20%,followed by the rate of gram supple rosary fungus with 12.20%;The advanced age,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,hormone ap-plication,antibiotic abuse,invasion operation,and non-standard treatment for anti-fungus's are the risk factors for fungus in-fection.[Conclusion] The main measures for preventing fungus infection are to control the risk factors for infection,be rea-sonable application of antibiotics,reduce the invasion operation and enhance the immunity of patient.


Novel palladium catalysts supported on alumina supports with the hierarchically macro-/mesoporous structure were prepared and applied to selective hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline. The textural, structural, and morphological properties of the catalyst supports were studied by SEM, XRD, and N2 adsorption−desorption techniques. The results showed that the hierarchically macro-/mesoporous structures of these materials were formed by a spontaneous self-assembly mechanism, and the presence of surfactant molecules, which influenced the mesopore size distribution, had almost no effects on the macroporous channels. Calcination treatments of the prepared materials revealed their high thermal stability. By comparison with a commercial catalyst without the hierarchically porous structure, these novel catalysts exhibited much better catalytic performance, that is, higher activity and selectivity, which was ascribed mainly to their unique structures of hierarchical mesopores and macropores. Finally, the stability o...


Service oriented architecture (SOA) is an emerging architectural style. SOA builds on insights gained from previous attempts at building systems out of distributed components, using the pull of the Web to succeed where these failed. Service orientation revolves around orchestration. Orchestration deals with the coordination of services comprising SOAs. It provides the means for aggregating services into applications. Orchestration is not a panacea. It involves tradeoffs. As it typically happens, orchestration solves some problems while adding its own problems. Although the fundamental ideas of orchestration are several decades old, orchestration represents uncharted territory for many people. This collection of patterns aims at shedding light over the problems you have to deal with when you use orchestration in your enterprise architecture. The patterns target people who would like to learn about orchestration, people who are evaluating orchestration-related products, and people who are building orchestration-related middleware. In effect, the patterns aim at educating users, helping them make decisions, and communicating with others.


ABSTRACT Political violence has uninterruptedly afflicted Somalia since its independence. That amounts to 60 years of uninterrupted conflict, quite a record in contemporary history. For that reason, Somalia has been considered as one of the epitomes of what is known as an intractable conflict and Intractable Conflict Theory (ICT) has used the country as a laboratory to test its frameworks. However, we contend that systemic and very overarching frameworks such as ICT are not very useful to understand the intractability of Somalia's conflict. This paper proposes instead a historically grounded structural-processual analysis that explains the conflict as the result of the chronological accumulation and dysfunctional overlapping of several sets of structures an actors within Somalia's society itself and the Horn of Africa leading to the creation of very deep fault lines that create a criss-crossed fabric of conflicting interests, separating and pitting social actors against each other.


The current possibilities of improving the labor safety of employees in the industrial and transport sectors by improving methods for managing the labor behavior were analyzed. Russian and foreign theories of managing the influence of the human factor on the labor process and result were described. The "resources processes values" system of the concept of organization management was analyzed. Using this system, possibilities of applying a value-oriented approach to improving the efficiency of the applied methods and practices were determined. On the example of managing a large investment construction project, the main value constants of employees were identified; the relationship of values and needs were investigated; the most widely used formats of development of common values of employees changing their labor behavior were systematized; their effectiveness was assessed. Directions for further research on improving the effectiveness of methods for managing the influence of the human factor on the process and result of production activities were determined. The ideological foundations for creating labor safety culture were provided.


Even from a light polluted city it is possible to observe Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) at opposition using a small telescope equipped with a CCD camera. In this paper, we will overview first the major NEA programs, continuing with planning the observations and the data reduction. Second, we will present a NEA follow-up program carried out on the 60-cm telescope at York University Observatory in Toronto, Canada. Part of this program, five NEAs have been observed during ten nights. Their astrometric and photometric data were reduced and sent to the Minor Planet Centre, following which an observatory code was assigned and four batches have been included in the NEODyS database and MPC Circulars. The results are applicable to any other small facility.


Electrode material for a capacitor according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a silicon carbide powder having a diameter from 2 to 50nm in meso pores (meso pore) diameter and including micropores (micro pore) less than or equal to 2nm.


In recent years, medical image segmentation (MIS) has made a huge breakthrough due to the success of deep learning. However, the existing MIS algorithms still suffer from two types of uncertainties: (1) the uncertainty of the plausible segmentation hypotheses and (2) the uncertainty of segmentation performance. These two types of uncertainties affect the effectiveness of the MIS algorithm and then affect the reliability of medical diagnosis. Many studies have been done on the former but ignore the latter. Therefore, we proposed the hierarchical predictable segmentation network (HPS-Net), which consists of a new network structure, a new loss function, and a cooperative training mode. According to our knowledge, HPS-Net is the first network in the MIS area that can generate both the diverse segmentation hypotheses to avoid the uncertainty of the plausible segmentation hypotheses and the measure predictions about these hypotheses to avoid the uncertainty of segmentation performance. Extensive experiments were conducted on the LIDC-IDRI dataset and the ISIC2018 dataset. The results show that HPS-Net has the highest Dice score compared with the benchmark methods, which means it has the best segmentation performance. The results also confirmed that the proposed HPS-Net can effectively predict TNR and TPR.


Based on the biological characteristics of Solidago canadensis,the average maximum temperature,average temperate,average minimum temperature,rainfall,data of rainfall and sunshine length were selected as the climate factors which affected the distribution of Solidago canadensis.Euclidean distance was used to evaluate the similarity of climate factors for 30 years(1961~1990) between Shanghai where was the potential distribution area of S.canadensis,and other 17 climate districts in China.The potential distribution,less suitable distribution and unfit distribution of S.canadensis in China were concluded by agricultural climate similar criteria,and the potential distribution map of Solidago canadensis in China was drawn.


Topologically ordered phases of matter display a number of unique characteristics, including ground states that can be interpreted as patterns of closed strings. In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting and distinguishing closed strings in Ising spin configurations sampled from the classical $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory. We address this using the framework of persistent homology, which computes the size and frequency of general loop structures in spin configurations via the formation of geometric complexes. Implemented numerically on finite-size lattices, we show that the first Betti number of the Vietoris-Rips complexes achieves a high density at low temperatures in the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory. In addition, it displays a clear signal at the finite-temperature deconfinement transition of the three-dimensional theory. We argue that persistent homology should be capable of interpreting prominent loop structures that occur in a variety of systems, making it an useful tool in theoretical and experimental searches for topological order.


The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is the most destructive pest of cotton, tomato and chickpea in Iran. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of thiacloprid were evaluated against cotton bollworm under laboratory condition at 26 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D). Bioassay experiments were conducted on first larval instars by mixing the insecticide dilutions with artificial diet. The LC50 value of thiacloprid was 329 mg a.i./l. Sublethal effects of LC30 concentration of thiacloprid was studied on biological parameters. In the study of sublethal effects, thiacloprid at LC30 concentration significantly increased larval and pupal developmental times and reduced adults longevity compared with control but showed no significant effects on fecundity of cotton bollworm. Sublethal effects of thiacloprid also significantly reduced pupal weight compared with control. In general, sublethal effects studies showed that thiacloprid had adverse effects on biological parameters of the pest. Thus, our data suggest that thiacloprid had moderate potential against cotton bollworm.


Introduction: Over the years pregnant patients with overt diabetes is increasing . Hence it is worthwhile to have a clinical study on overt diabetes complicating pregnancies . This study helps to know the frequency of occurrence of overt diabetes and its complications. This will help to know the importance of ante- natal care in preventing end organ damage such as blindness, renal damage, diabetic keto-acidosis etc. Design of the study: Prospective study. Method: All cases of pregnant mothers with overt diabetes registered over a period of 1 year .They were followed up till 7 th day after delivery. Results: There were 72 overt diabetes cases in 16022 obstetric admissions. Mean age was 29 years (SD 5.5).>=30 yrs 45.8%, <30 yrs 54.16%.; Rural: Urban= 79%:21%, Hindu: Christian: Muslim=69.4%:11.1%:19.4% Above poverty line: Below poverty line=75%: 25%, 52 cases were multigravida, 20 cases were primigravida, Class B=65, D=1, C=3,& R=3, Elevated serum creatinine level-6(8.33%), Past obstetric hazards: Abortions-34%, IUD-13%, NND-5%, Increased HbA1c-13(18%), Vaginal delivery-29(40.28%), Instrumental delivery-14%, CS-47.22%, Maternal mortality- nil. Conclusion: Overt Diabetes in obstetrics patient is a high risk situation for both mother and the baby. Proper management from the pre conceptional period till delivery can bring about a very favorable outcome.


Known as repetition or revision with a signal difference, signifying epitomizes for Twain the most impressive rhetorical stance in the variety of satire, particularly its indirect and double-voiced quality. In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1995), signifying speeches are made in subtle, covert ways by the black and white characters who perform "trickster" roles to voice the unspeakable. In order to allude to the reader the signifying utterance carried out respectively by the black and white characters in this novel, and the present paper suggests a translation approach which may be of practical use to this translation task-reformulation of signifying reporting-verb for signaling the "signifying" speech to come.


(57) Abstract: A method of delaying the cure rate of the magnesium phosphate cement, in this method, the cured or partially aqueous formulations the curing of magnesium phosphate cement, to raise the pH, and MgO / Mg (OH) Suitable magnesium phosphate cements include magnesium ammonium phosphate cement and potassium phosphate magnesium cement.


Significant mitral valve regurgitation affects over 2% of the population. Over the past few decades, mitral valve (MV) repair has become the preferred treatment option, producing better patient outcomes than MV replacement, but requiring more expertise. Recently, 3D printing has been used to assist surgeons in planning optimal treatments for complex surgery, thus increasing the experience of surgeons and the success of MV repairs. However, while commercially available 3D printers are capable of printing soft, tissue-like material, they cannot replicate the demanding combination of echogenicity, physical flexibility and strength of the mitral valve. In this work, we propose the use of trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) 3D image data and inexpensive 3D printing technology to create patient specific mitral valve models. Patient specific 3D TEE images were segmented and used to generate a profile of the mitral valve leaflets. This profile was 3D printed and integrated into a mold to generate a silicone valve model that was placed in a dynamic heart phantom. Our primary goal is to use silicone models to assess different repair options prior to surgery, in the hope of optimizing patient outcomes. As a corollary, a database of patient specific models can then be used as a trainer for new surgeons, using a beating heart simulator to assess success. The current work reports preliminary results, quantifying basic morphological properties. The models were assessed using 3D TEE images, as well as 2D and 3D Doppler images for comparison to the original patient TEE data.


The invention relates to a hollow, ventilation and double-layer traditional Chinese medicine suppository for treating rhinitis and a production method of the traditional Chinese medicine suppository and belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine preparations. The production method includes applying a matrix plaster and an outer layer plaster to a suppository core outer wall formed by folding mulberry bark paper to prepare the hollow, ventilation and double-layer traditional Chinese medicine suppository for treating the rhinitis in twice. The matrix plaster and the outer layer plaster are separated for dispensing, are composed of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients and are capable of dispelling wind and ventilating lungs, clearing away heat and relieving exterior syndromes, resisting allergies and removing dampness, clearing livers and protecting brains, eliminating stagnation for resuscitation and removing necrotic tissue and promoting granulation. The hollow, ventilation and double-layer traditional Chinese medicine suppository for treating the rhinitis is effective in treatment of acute rhinitis and chronic rhinitis, and secretions of breath and nasal cavities of patients can be normally discharged when the traditional Chinese medicine suppository is used.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction, Design of Biological Agents, Agent Programs, Artificial Neural Networks as Agent Programs, Evolutionary Algorithms, Evolutionary Synthesis of Neural Systems, Genetic Representations of Neural Architectures, Summary, References


An improved Bancroft algorithm was proposed to be applied in computation for single point positioning( SPP) of dual positioning system. To verify the computational accuracy of the improved Bancroft algorithm,GPA/BD receiver measured data of dual-band and dual mode had been used,which were collected at the roof of Experimental Building in Wuhan University in February 2013. Experimental results show ed that when compared to traditional least-squares,the improved Bancroft algorithm had the similar accuracy,and its computational efficiency had been improved by 22%,which verified the feasibility and superiority of the improved Bancroft algorithm in computation for SPP of dual positioning system.


Ecological Feedbacks
Spotty vegetation patterns in tropical savannas and grasslands can be a warning sign of imminent desertification. However, Bonachela et al. find that termites can also produce spotty patterns. Their theoretical study, confirmed by field data from Kenya, shows that patterns produced by termite mounds are not harbingers of desertification. Indeed, the presence of termites buffers these ecosystems against climate change.

Science , this issue p. [651][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1261487


Recent years have seen Corporate Responsibility (CR) developing rapidly as a key business issue. Addressing CR in the field of supply is an especially prominent and challenging area of activity. This paper outlines the findings of a pilot study of CR within the procurement processes of nine large UK organisations, with a predominant focus on utilities and service providers. Cross-case analysis shows that the rate of CR developments and the focus of CR elements that are given priority vary significantly. The paper then discusses a number of key issues including CR data measurement, integrity and sharing before using force field analysis to explore some of the key issues that need to be tackled if CR is to be more effectively integrated into supply and procurement strategies.


A phytochemical study of the rhizome essential oils of four different Hedychium species was performed by means of GC and GC/MS analyses. H. ellipticum mainly contained 1,8‐cineole, sabinene, and terpin‐4‐ol, while H. aurantiacum possessed terpin‐4‐ol, para‐cymene, and bornyl acetate as the major entities. Similarly, trans‐meta‐mentha‐2,8‐diene and linalool were noticed in H. coronarium. Three different collections (I–III) of H. spicatum showed amazing differences in the relative contents of their essential oils, 1,8‐cineole and 10‐epi‐γ‐eudesmol being identified as markers for samples I and II, terpin‐4‐ol and sabinene being the major compounds in sample III. The rhizome essential oils of the above species were studied for their antioxidant activities by different methods, including their effect on the chelating properties of Fe2+, DPPH radical‐scavenging activity, and reducing power. Antimicrobial screenings of the oils by the paper‐disc method were performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica enterica, and the respective minimum‐inhibitory‐concentration (MIC) values were determined. The rhizome essential oils from all Hedychium species exhibited moderate‐to‐good Fe2+ chelating activity. H. spicatum from collection site III showed a completely different DPPH radical‐scavenging profile than the samples from the other collection sites.


Two different orange juices obtained from cvs. Kozan Misket and Kozan Yerli were compared in terms of sugar and organic acid composition. These two parameters are important in determining the ripeness of fruits. Samples were obtained from Cukurova region of Turkey and the analysis was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. Four organic acids (citric, ascorbic, malic and succinic acids) and three sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) were determined. Sucrose had the majority in sugars in both samples with the concentration of 61.02 g/l in Kozan Misket and 63.23 g/l in Kozan Yerli, respectively. With regard to organic acids, citric acid was found to be present in the largest amounts having concentration of 16.25 g/l in Kozan Misket and 15.90 g/l in Kozan Yerli in both samples.


Investigated the influence of various spirits on dehydrogenase activity of silt microcenosis. Concentration causing substrate inhibition of silt dehydrogenases have been established.


There is an entire field of literature on reliability models. Building reliability models is most frequently done by starting from the failure rate (or hazard rate). Creating a reliability model starts with the specific type of product behavior over time, so there are model classes for the specifics of different product categories: electronic, mechanical products, mixed systems etc. The aim of this paper was to develop a statistical model which would allow the study of the durability of products, and particularly, in the present case, of electrical switches. The procedure has a broad range of applicability and can be extended to whole categories of products that have components both in motion, and therefore subject to wear, and also that bear additional stress. In our case, an electrical switch involves the shock of the electrical contact, which additionally requires the constituent material. This article started from an indicator similar to entropy (an entropy-like transformation) that was developed according to the stated purpose of the paper. We believe that the appropriate name for the proposed indicator is pseudo-entropic transformation, as we operated with the derivative of g(t), which is basically a probability density. The model developed herein is original and, from a practical point of view, it is convenient for treating and developing analytical and practical applications for classes of products subjected, during use, to a process of wear, degradation, and damage by use.


Since the late 1970s, the Swedish artist Greta Knutson has been acknowledged because of her marriage to Tristan Tzara. Knutson never signed any manifestos and the group exhibitions in which she participated around 1930 were loosely aligned rather than focused. Even though an editor, Brigitte Classen, was involved in the publication of Bestien and contributed a brief introduction, Greta Knutson was in charge of selecting images and texts. Bestien is comprised mainly of Knutson's short stories and a few poems. La Surprise belongs to the late paintings Knutson called oneiric. Knutson works with contrasts between light and dark, but the overall impression can easily be described as uncanny.