Assuming the best numerical value for the cosmic baryonic density and the existence of three neutrino flavors, standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis is a parameter-free model. It is important to assess if the observed primordial abundances can be reproduced by simulations. Numerous studies have shown that the simulations overpredict the primordial 7Li abundance by a factor of compared to the observations. The discrepancy may be caused by unknown systematics in 7Li observations, poorly understood depletion of lithium in stars, errors in thermonuclear rates that take part in the lithium and beryllium synthesis, or physics beyond the standard model. Here, we focus on the likelihood of a nuclear physics solution. The status of the key nuclear reaction rates is summarized. Big Bang nucleosynthesis simulations are performed with the most recent reaction rates, and the uncertainties of the predicted abundances are established using a Monte Carlo technique. Correlations between abundances and reaction rates are investigated based on the metric of mutual information. The rates of four reactions impact the primordial 7Li abundance: 3He(α,γ)7Be, d(p,γ)3He, 7Be(d,p)2α, and 7Be(n,p)7Li. We employ a genetic algorithm to search for simultaneous rate changes in these four reactions that may account for all observed primordial abundances. When the search is performed for reaction rate ranges that are much wider than recently reported uncertainties, no acceptable solutions are found. Based on the currently available evidence, we conclude that it is highly unlikely for the cosmological lithium problem to have a nuclear physics solution.


This paper presents stress and strain analysis in massif during exploitation of out-of-balance coal layers in the BCM Bogovina. Behavior of the surrounding rock mass was tested during application of large diameter boreholes exploitation. Based on the proposed solutions for stope geometry and known geological conditions in deposit, physical and mechanical properties of coal and surrounding massif, the numerical analysis of the stress and strain of excavation area and surrounding massif was done. Numerical modeling of excavation area behavior was done using the software package Phase2, whose calculations are based on the finite element method. The analysis, conducted in this paper, has shown that there is a possibility for applying this kind of excavation in terms of stability the rock mass.


Recent research on friction in robot joints and transmission systems has considered meshing friction a position-dependent friction component. However, in this paper we show experimental evidence that meshing friction depends highly on joint speed. We identify the meshing friction in the gearboxes of a robotic leg, and we propose a new mathematical model that considers the rate dependency of meshing friction. The resulting model is validated through experimentation. Results show that meshing friction is responsible for friction torque oscillations with an amplitude up to 25 percent of the average friction torque at low speeds. Therefore, this friction component should be taken into account if an accurate friction model is desired.


A proposed method for a direct assessment of liquid petroleum pipeline internal corrosion has been developed.The underlying basis of the proposed approach is provided by NACE.Four steps of this method have been expounded,which are pre-assessment,indirect detection,detailed examination and post assessment.Three models of this approach have been considered.These models include a hydrocarbon-water flow pattern,the accumulation of water under a stratified flow,and the entrainment and deposition of solids.Many factors may affect the corrosion distribution,such as emulsion breaking,MIC and biocides,solids composition and local flow conditions.It is concluded in the end that the proposal of LP-ICDA perfects the ICDA methodology system of transmission pipelines,broadens its application scope and makes it more practical and applicable in the relevant engineering.


In recent years, heliox has been used increasingly in the treatment of severe acute asthma to delay inspiratory muscle fatigue until bronchodilator and/or corticosteroid therapy is effective. Additionally, Continuous Nebulizer Therapy (CNT) has been shown to be an effective means of treating severe reversible airway disease. Numerous studies comparing CNT to traditional medication aerosol treatments have shown that, for patients with severe reversible airway disease or impending respiratory failure, CNT is both more effective and labor efficient. To date, little work has been done on the combination of delivering heliox and continuous nebulization. This study looks at the use of the EZflow and EZflow MAX continuous nebulizers with heliox, and it's affect on particle size as well as output.


Abstract The photocyclodehydrogenation of dl 2-styrylhexahelicane (VI), prepared from 2-oethoxycarbonylhexahelicene, leads to dl octahelicane in 40% yield. This reaction scheme should open the way to the synthesis of optically active helicanes. The 60 MHz 1H-NMR spectra of 2-hydroxymethyl-and 2-bromomethylhexahelicene (Va and Vb) show diastereotopic protons : δAB=0.14 ppn (J=12 Hz) and 0.11 ppm (J=10 Hz) respectively (CDC13; 60 MHz).


We realized write-once-read-many-times (WORM) memory devices based on pentacene and demonstrated that the morphology control of the vacuum deposited pentacene thin film is greatly important for achieving the unique nonvolatile memory properties. The resulted memory devices show a high ON/OFF current ratio (104), long retention time (over 12 h), and good storage stability (over 240 h). The reduction of the barrier height caused by a large interface dipole and the damage of the interface dipole under a critical bias voltage have been used to explain the transition processes. The achievement of excellent WORM memory based on pentacene opens up a new application field for organic materials.


There are different approaches to the concept of business processes management. Despite the variety of these approaches all managers who have chosen this concept to follow face the necessity to audit the business processes sooner or later. This article discusses which normative documents are necessary to do the audit of business processes, points out the main principles, lists possible participants, describes the order to audit the business processes, underlines the factors which influence the effectiveness of business processes audit, and gives general recommendations on how to do the audit of business processes.


This study examined the levels of recognition, knowledge, and intake behavior of foods containing caffeine and analyzed the factors affecting amount of caffeine intake to get basic materials for development of educational program for proper intake behavior of foods containing caffeine of high school students in Gyeongbuk region. Of 300 questionnaires that were distributed on December 27, 2013 to February 14, 2014, 255 responses were used for analysis. Frequency distributions, Cronbach's α, t tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted by SPSS Windows V.21.0. The mean of the level of concern about foods containing caffeine was 2.76/5.00 points; male and second and third grade students showed lower concern level than female and first grade students. The respondents answered that intake of foods containing caffeine had somewhat harmful effect on health, but it did not much help to refresh and increase concentration. The mean for the percentage of correct answers about knowledge of caffeine was 54.3. Small number of the respondents were advised to reduce intake of caffeine from school teachers or parents. The average of caffeine intake amount was 71.67㎎/day; the average for male was 78.98㎎/day, whereas for female 61.23㎎/day. Almost thirteen percentage of the respondents took caffeine over RDA(Recommended Daily Allowance). According to the result of regression analysis for amount of caffeine intake, grade, BMI, concern about health, perception of whether foods containing caffeine help with refreshment and increase of concentration or not, and experiences of having advice from school teachers to decrease caffeine intake were significant. These results imply that it is necessary for high school students to educate how to take caffeine properly.


Each particle of a swarm maintains its current location and its personal best location. It is useful to think of these personal best locations as a population of attractors. When this population of attractors converges, the explorative capacity of the swarm is reduced. The convergence of attractors can occur quickly since the personal best of a particle is broadcast to its neighbours. If a neighbouring particle comes close to this broadcasting attractor, it may update its own personal best to be near the broadcasting attractor. This convergence of attractors can be reduced by having particles update the broadcasting attractor rather than their own attractor/personal best. Through this simple change which incurs minimal computational costs, large performance improvements can be achieved in multi-modal search spaces.


After accidental or intended release of chemical or biological hazardous materials, fast detection and classification is mandatory to be able to rapidly take steps against negative consequences on humans. Standoff laser based devices are suited to localize and classify a thread on short timescales without the need of direct human contact to these materials. In this scope we present the classification prospects of our standoff detection system that utilizes laser induced fluorescence signals excited with laser pulses of two different UV excitation wavelengths. For fast data acquisition we use a rather limited spectral resolution of 32 channels per wavelength which is sufficient to achieve a good performance. The described system is able to perform a complete classification procedure including data acquisition, data analysis and classification and to get an assignment of the measured sample after a few seconds. The identification and classification prospects are evaluated by classifying measured sample spectra using a model which is based on a previously acquired reference database. Within the set, different representatives for bacterial and chemical agents as well as background materials as diesel and pollen are investigated. The performance, namely the classification accuracy and false alarm rates, is evaluated for differently sized classes down to an identification of the investigated set of materials.


Little is known about how the individual decision styles and values of breast cancer patients at the time of treatment decision making are associated with the consideration of different treatment options and specifically with the consideration of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM).


The North Sea's location has made it an object of oceanographic study for over 150 years. But within the more recent past, this shelf sea with its strong continental shelf pump system has captivated science's attention for a different reason: artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA). Through the enhancement of metabolic pathways or the addition of dissolved alkaline minerals into the ocean to draw down atmospheric CO 2 , AOA seems to offer a compelling option to mitigate climate change. But without judicious thought, human interaction could come at great cost. Alkalinity plays an integral role within a system's biogeochemistry, and disruptions may result in large scale changes to small scale environments. But, within the North Sea, an extremely effective tracer of total alkalinity has been found, 228 Ra. This isotope along with 226 Ra, comprise the two long-lived isotopes of the Radium Quartet with half-lives of 1600yrs and 5.8yrs, respectively. As naturally occurring, sediment-derived radioisotopes, 228 Ra and 226 Ra have the potential to map the watermass composition, the distribution patterns, and the associated timescales from shelf-sediment interaction to the open ocean. Furthermore, providing a possible method to shed light on the North Sea's water-mass distributions, changing alkalinity patterns, and the potential effects of AOA. Over the course of this study, we will identify the basin's key water-mass patterns and end members through the use of 226 Ra and 228 Ra, complemented by hydrological and carbonate parameters collected from the North Sea during the summers of 2018 and 2019 aboard the German research vessel Heincke. By employing inverse modelling techniques, we will investigate how AOA can cause changes on both a local and potentially global scale.


cipals of Center Court Boston LLC, plan a joint venture with Swiss investor Maurice Dabbah on the project. The ownership group also includes developer David Raftery of Boston. The new development would occupy the 3,200-square-foot footprint of the existing building, with each unit taking up an entire floor, McKenna said. The height conforms with shadow regulations for development near Boston Common, but would need a height variance from the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA), McKenna said. "The goal is high-end luxury boutique condos. The finishes and interior would be first quality and that's going to be the design of the building throughout," McKenna said. The developers will begin an outreach campaign with numerous neighborhood associations in the Chinatown, Beacon Hill and Midtown Cultural District areas shortly, McKenna said. Elkus Manfredi Architects of Boston is drawing up the plans along with engineering firm VHB. A major project filing with the BRA is expected within 30 days. n


Transfer molding is a typical method for packaging integrated circuits (ICs). Transfer molding is very difficult to do at heights less than 1 mm, and has a limited surface mounting area. Recent research of high density surface mounting for thinner and lighter weight packaging has progressed for both IC cards and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). However, the dispensing method has many problems, such as the height variations of the coating, difficulties of uniform spreading on large size ICs, and one-by-one encapsulation. A unique printing method is developed to solve such problems. Through this method it is possible to achieve a height less than 1 mm and a uniform thickness on an integrated system. On reaching these parameters, the surface mount ICs replace molded packaged devices that are manufactured using expensive equipment and molding dies. The method requires only a small amount of epoxy resin and is, therefore, more economical than the conventional transfer molding process. A one-component epoxy resin NPR-150 suitable for printing is developed. >


External crowds provide organisations with valuable knowledge and new ideas in a cost–effective way. While existing research has focused on the users and the general characteristics of crowdsourcing, there is still a lack of understanding of how the hosting organisation should organise and govern crowdsourcing initiatives. Building on the literature from the fields of innovation management, knowledge management, marketing and electronic commerce, with real–world illustrations, we develop a framework to facilitate the participation of external crowds in idea crowdsourcing tasks. Our study identifies six management practices related to the different phases of idea crowdsourcing: selecting appropriate communication technologies; defining tasks; evaluating crowd size and its knowledge base; launching tasks and supporting interpretation; giving feedback and encouraging interaction, and allowing user–driven idea evaluations. The study contributes to the literature on innovation management and crowdsourcing, while also offering practical insight into how to better cultivate the wisdom of external crowds.


symbols as in the case of written and spoken languages. Man can think abstractly. The importance of this ability is pointed out by Bohlen and Beal wlien they state: "Man is able to go through the process of perceiving interrela tionships because he has the ability to deal with abstractions. He can create symbols in his mind which have empirical referents in the universe about him. This frees him of the necessity of being in immediate sensory contact with phenomena in order to respond to them or act in relationship to them — a faculty un ique to man. Because man has this ability to deal with abstractions and com municate via exchange of symbols with meanings, he has another uniqueness. Man is the only form of life which is faced with the necessity of making a distinction between those things which are real and those which are possible. All of the life forms below him must have sensory experience with "real" things in order to respond to them. There is no intellectually perceived future for any life form which cannot use symbols in its mental operation. Possibilities are always in the frame of reference to the future." (24, p. 292) An individual perceives and interprets the physical and social en vironment in which he finds himself. The concept used to describe this process is cognition. Krech, £t aJ., comments on cognition by stating, "Every man, through 'cognitive work', attempts to construct for himself his own meaningful world, and he classifies and orders within it a mul titude of objects, among which the most significant are other people" (60, p. 17). Even though each individual lives in his unique cognitive world, there are similarities in cognitive worlds of different individ uals. The unique cognitive world of the individual is shaped by his unique experiences, his unique characteristics and his particular envi ronment. However, . . . "there are many common features in the cognitive worlds of all people. This is true because all people have similar nervous systems, share common wants, and cope with common problems"


The highly regioselective C-N bond formation between phenytoin and acrylic/fumaric esters was accomplished. Solvent-free media Michael addition of phenytoin to acrylic esters led to the selective synthesis of N3-substituted phenytoins (as mono-Michael adducts) in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and potassium carbonate under ultrasonic irradiation conditions at room temperature. These reactions produced N1,N3-disubstituted phenytoins (as bis-Michael adducts) at 70 oC. Surprisingly, the addition of phenytoin to fumaric esters, instead of acrylic esters, selectively provided only N3-substituted phenytoins at both room temperature and 70 oC under the same conditions.


Proletariat's revolutionary utilitarianism is an important component of Mao Zedong's ethics,the inherent nature of which is the unity of utility and morality.Under the condition of the socialist market economy,the relationship between the utility and morality has become extremely complicated.Further studying and grasping the essence of Mao Zedong's revolution utilitarianism has important realistic significance in the construction of the socialist modernization.


Fish and nudibranchs prey on cnidarians that contain high densities of symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae). Several fish (Arothron meleagris, Chaetodon auriga, and Chaetodon unimaculatus) and one nudibranch (Berghia major) feed on the Hawaiian symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella. Fecal material of these predators consisted primarily of zooxanthellae, which were shown to be photosynthetically active and capable of re-establishing symbioses with aposymbiotic A. pulchella.


The invention discloses a roll gap adjusting device of a steel plate-levelling machine and relates to the roll gap adjusting device of steel plate interrupted leveling equipment. The roll gap adjusting device of the steel plate-levelling machine is composed of rollers, a clamp sending device, a centering device, a leveling device and a base seat and characterized in that the clamp sending device and the levelling device are installed on the base seat, the centering device is installed between the clamp sending device and the levelling device, and the rollers are installed inside the clamp sending device and the levelling device. The roll gap adjusting device of the steel plate-levelling machine has the advantages of being novel in structure, easy and convenient to process, convenient to use, capable of improving surface quality of the steel plate, reducing loss of a roll, improving service life of the equipment, saving cost of maintaining and changing and the like. The invention belongs to a novel roll gap adjusting device of the steel plate-levelling machine with integrating economy and practicability together.


The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of fresh, dried or silage cassava leaf to the performances of male Etawa Crossbreed (EC) goats. Fourteen male EC goats (grouping based on body weight with a weight range K1: 19-20 kg; K2: 20-21 kg; K3: 21-22 kg; K4: 22 kg) were allocated in housed individually throughout 90-day trial duration (14 days for animal's adaptation to the experimental diets and 7 days of faeces collection). Experimental design was randomized complete block design consisted of 3 treatments and 4 replications: concentrate + fresh cassava leaf (T0); concentrate + dried cassava leaf (T1); and concentrate + silage cassava leaf (T2). Concentrat was given at level of 50% (3% BW) and forage was given ad libitum respectively for each treatments. Variables observed were feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain, and feed efficiency. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if there were significant effect of treatments were continued using Duncan multiple range test. The results of this experiment showed that the processing of cassava leaf increased on dry matter intake, crude protein, total digestible nutrient (TDN), digestibility, body weight gain, and feed efficiency. The conclusions were processing of cassava leaves improved the consumption and digestibility of male EC goats and the treatment of cassava leaf silage had the best feed efficiency. Keywords: Cassava Leaf, Performance, Digestibility, Male Etawa Crossbreed Goat.


The Advanced Light Source (ALS) at the E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) of the University of California is a ''third-generation'' synchrotron radiation source optimized for highest brightness at ultraviolet and soft x-ray photon energies. It also provides world-class performance at hard x-ray photon energies. Berkeley Lab operates the ALS for the United States Department of Energy as a national user facility that is available 24 hours/day around the year for research by scientists from industrial, academic, and government laboratories primarily from the United States but also from abroad.


DNA methylation and dimethylation of lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me2) are two chromatin modifications that can be associated with gene expression or recombination rate. The maize genome provides a complex landscape of interspersed genes and transposons. The genome-wide distribution of DNA methylation and H3K9me2 were investigated in seedling tissue for the maize inbred B73 and compared to patterns of these modifications observed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Most maize transposons are highly enriched for DNA methylation in CG and CHG contexts and for H3K9me2. In contrast to findings in Arabidopsis, maize CHH levels in transposons are generally low but some sub-families of transposons are enriched for CHH methylation and these families exhibit low levels of H3K9me2. The profile of modifications over genes reveals that DNA methylation and H3K9me2 is quite low near the beginning and end of genes. Although elevated CG and CHG methylation are found within gene bodies, CHH and H3K9me2 remain low. Maize has much higher levels of CHG methylation within gene bodies than observed in Arabidopsis and this is partially attributable to the presence of transposons within introns for some maize genes. These transposons are associated with high levels of CHG methylation and H3K9me2 but do not appear to prevent transcriptional elongation. Although the general trend is for a strong depletion of H3K9me2 and CHG near the transcription start site there are some putative genes that have high levels of these chromatin modifications. This study provides a clear view of the relationship between DNA methylation and H3K9me2 in the maize genome and how the distribution of these modifications is shaped by the interplay of genes and transposons. Citation: West PT, Li Q, Ji L, Eichten SR, Song J, et al. (2014) Genomic Distribution of H3K9me2 and DNA Methylation in a Maize Genome. PLoS ONE 9(8): e105267. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105267 Editor: Beth A. Sullivan, Duke University, United States of America Received May 8, 2014; Accepted July 18, 2014; Published August 14, 2014 Copyright: 2014 West et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All data sets described in this manuscript are available through NCBI and accession numbers are provided in Figure S1A. Funding: The research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (IOS-1237931) to MWV and NMS. This work also used resources or cyberinfrastructure provided by iPlant Collaborative. The iPlant Collaborative is funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DBI-0735191; www. iplantcollaborative.org). Start-up funds from the University of Georgia and a research grant from the National Science Foundation (IOS-1339194) to RJS supported aspects of this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * Email: firstname.lastname@example.com . These authors contributed equally to this work.


Recent guidelines recommend a systolic blood pressure (SBP) target below 130 mmHg in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), whatever their age. We investigated whether this intensive SBP control was associated with better survival in very old adults hospitalized for acute HFpEF.


Background Information on breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in MPN vaccinated patients (pts) is very limited. In these diseases, effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccines may be influenced not only by the MPN phenotype and the intrinsic reduced immunological competence, but also by the prior Covid-19 infection that can elicit a natural immunity against reinfections. Patients In the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) observational registry, 863 MPN pts with Covid-19 have been enrolled since February 2020 and in 649 of them, information on the vaccination status is now available. To ensure that well characterized reinfections were considered, diagnosis of breakthrough Covid-19 included a positive naso-pharyngeal swab and symptoms highly suggestive for SARS CoV-2 infection. Results Breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients with previous Covid-19 infection The effectiveness of previous Covid-19 infection in preventing reinfections was tested in a group of 131 and 287 unvaccinated and vaccinated MPN pts, respectively. Prior Covid-19 occurred during the first and second wave in 74% and 98% pts, respectively and the interval between Covid-19 and the breakthrough infection in unvaccinated and in vaccinated was similar (8.5 months). Administered vaccine doses (Pfizer in 71%) were 1-2 and 3-4 in 77% and 23% of vaccinated cases, respectively. The proportion of PV, ET, pre-PMF was similar in the two groups while the number of MF pts was lower (19%) than in the unvaccinated group (28%) (p=0.024). Reinfections occurred during delta (n=4) or omicron variants period (n=14) in 8 (6.1%) and 10 (3.5%) unvaccinated and vaccinated pts (p=ns) and hospitalization was required in 0 and 2 pts, respectively. Severity of the acute infection was variable and 1 death was registered. Breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients without previous Covid-19 infection Breakthrough infections were reported in 231 vaccinated cases (ET=89, PV=75, MF=54 and pre-PMF=13) without prior Covid19. In 51% of pts the administered vaccine doses were 1-2 and 3-4 in 49%. No relevant vaccine related side effects were registered. Time interval from vaccination to Covid-19 was 8.1 months. Twenty-six pts (11%) required hospitalization and 205 (89%) were managed at home. Hospitalized pts were older (median age 76), males (69%) with MF (39%), and prior exposure to ruxolitinib (42%, 7 MF and 4 PV). Of note, values of C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were 6816 15 NOVEMBER 2022 | VOLUME 140, NUMBER Supplement 1 ABSTRACTS POSTER ABSTRACTS Session 634 significantly more elevated in hospitalized cases (CRP=33.1 vs. 2.0 and NLR=5.9 vs. 3.3, p<0.001). Although some infections occurred in the second wave, corresponding to alpha/beta/gamma coronavirus infection (6%), the majority of breakthrough episodes occurred in delta and omicron variant periods (41% and 53%). Three deaths were registered in hospitalized pts. We explored the risk of hospitalization and evaluated the marginal effect of gender, age and ruxolitinib exposure in a logistic model fitted to predict this event. We found that the risk of hospitalization was substantially higher only in males on ruxolitinib and increased with age (Figure). We also found that the inflammatory status measured with NLR could explain these results (data not shown). Conclusion The effectiveness of previous Covid-19 in preventing reinfection occurring during the delta and omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 was robust (94% and 97% in unvaccinated and vaccinated pts, respectively). This is good news for MPN patients who recovered from Covid-19 and the hope is that this effectiveness can work against any future SARS-CoV-2 variant. In the cohort of vaccinated pts without prior Covid-19, we identified a subgroup of patients with more severe delta and omicron disease, at high risk of hospitalization, consisting of males who were on ruxolitinib and had elevated inflammatory biomarkers. Subsequent studies are needed to interpret these latest results.


This paper looks at current government debt management policy and examines trends over the time in government debt financing as a response to debt crises. The emphasis is put on the structure of government debt, debt service and on distinction of debt holders. Due to these descriptions we are able to distinguish changes in debt management policies and show consequences of these changes at the aggregate level. Moreover we investigate evidence of these debt management policies and changes in debt structure based on data of Czech Republic during last two decades. And also we represent our findings in context of European debt crisis and outline plausible future development of government debt management policy.


Climate change is among the factors that pose serious threats to sustainable cocoa production in Nigeria. This paper analyzed farmers' vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Osun state. A total of 125 cocoa farmers were sampled using multi-stage sampling method. Data were analyzed with Factor Analysis (FA), descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression. The results show that farmers in the oldest age group (≥ 70 years) have the highest average climate change vulnerability index (0.2790) and the youngest group (< 30 years) had the highest average climate change adaptation index (0.8378). Illiterate farmers and those that could not complete primary education had the highest vulnerability index (0.1504) and lowest average adaptation index (- 0.3489). Households with less than 5 members had average vulnerability index of 0.2666 and average adaptation index of -0.3044. Farmers that planted cocoa as primary crop and those whose primary occupation was farming had low average vulnerability indices of -0.0389 and -0.0312, respectively. Cocoa farmers with extension contacts also had lower vulnerability to climate change. The regression results show that households' dependency ratio significantly increased climate change vulnerability (p<0.05), while access to extension services and television significantly reduced it (p<0.01). Adaptation to climate change significantly reduced (p<0.05) with dependency ratio and sickness of household members. It was concluded that integration of adequate climate change information into the mechanisms of agricultural extension delivery systems will assist in reducing cocoa farmers' vulnerability to climate change. (Longe O, Oyekale, AS. Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation among Smallholder Cocoa Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria Life Sci J 2013;10(2):757-763) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com . 107


Abstract : The transition from centrifugal-flow compressors to axial-flow compressors in the jet engines of the late 1940's and early 1950's provides an illuminating case study of the evolutionary nature of technological change. A look at the development of the turbojet in light of engineering design reveals that incremental changes came about in response to changing needs. The iterative nature of engineering design, whereby a designer repeats a step until he arrives at an acceptable solution, allows the designer to take into account new needs and new information. The first two turbojets, invented independently in England and Germany in the mid-1930's, both used centrifugal compressors. The inventors built upon the two hundred year-old tradition of centrifugal-flow turbomachinery to design a successful turbojet compressor. In contrast, all attempts at designing and building an axial-flow compressor prior to the twentieth century failed. Yet, researchers in four different countries persisted in their efforts because of their faith in the potential of the axial compressor to produce a higher pressure ratio at a better efficiency than the centrifugal compressor. Theses.


Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is known to be one of the most lethal attacks in traditional network architecture. In this attack, the attacker uses botnets to overwhelm network resources. Botnets can be randomly compromised computers or IoT devices that are used to generate excessive traffic towards the victim, and as a result, legitimate users cannot access the services. In this research, software-defined networking (SDN) has been suggested as a solution to fight DDoS attacks. SDN uses the idea of centralized control and segregation of the data plane from the control plane. SDN is more flexible, and policy implementation on the centralized controller is easy. SDN is now being widely used in modern network paradigms because it has enhanced security. In this work, an entropy-based statistical approach has been suggested to detect and mitigate TCP SYN flood DDoS attacks. The proposed algorithm uses a three-phased detection scheme to minimize the false-positive rate. Entropy, standard deviation, and weighted moving average have been used for intrusion detection. Multiple experiments were performed, and the results show that the suggested approach is more reliable and lightweight and has a minimal false-positive rate.


This paper provides a comprehensive observation to examine the reliability of deep learning (DL) models. First, we will briefly introduce the essential background and kernel techniques in deep learning, such as downsampling and nonlinear discontinuity. Each of them may have some relation to the reliability of DL models. Then we discuss the inherent structural flaws of deep learning and the risk of unreliability that can result from it. Subsequently, we discuss various ways of generating adversarial samples that affect the DL model's reliability and corresponding preventive measures. Finally, we complete this observation by identifying current challenges and future trends for research.


Background: DNA damage-repair and autophagy may contribute to the efficacy of anticancer therapy. The gamma-H2AX is phosphorylated to repair DNA after the double stranded breakdown. Thus, this study was aimed to check the expression of gamma-H2AX and autophagy in cisplatin- and etoposide-treated lung cancer cell line. Methods: A549 cells were cultured within Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium with 10% of fetal bovine serum. Cisplatin and etoposide were treated into the cells with time and dose dependent manners. MTT assay and light microscopy were performed to determine the LD50 of these drugs. Western blotting was performed to define the expression of proteins related to LC3A/B-I/II, NBR1 and DNA damage (gamma-HA2X). Results: Based on MTT assay, LC50's were determined as the followings: LC50 of CDDP was 14.4 micromole/L and LC50 of etoposide was approximately 25 micromole/L. Chemoresistant cancer cell islets were defined the surviving cells under light microscopy with the treatment of cisplatin and etoposide. In 0-, 5-, 10- and 20-h time points, gamma HA2X showed increasing expressional pattern. This pattern was also similar in etoposide with the peak time point of 10 hour. LC3A/B-I/II and NBR1 expressions were increased by 25 micromole/L of CDDP and 100 micromole/L of etoposide whose patterns were also similar to gamma H2AX. Conclusion: Similar expressional patterns of DNA breakdowns (gamma H2AX) and autophagy (LC3A/B-I/II, NBR1) by cisplatin and etoposide may suggest the linkage between autophagy and DNA breakdown. Therefore, this tentative conclusion must be furthermore defined by the research for molecular networks in the chemoresistant lung cancer cells.


Ever since the advent of deep brain stimulation (DBS), optimal programming of the DBS generator has been considered a challenge, embraced by some and avoided by others. The task of maximizing the potential of DBS therapy may be extremely time consuming and complicated by multiple confounding factors especially medication, the mental state of the patient, and the intrinsically empiric nature of the process. Recently introduced segmented electrode design and newer pacemaker technology enable the volume of stimulation to be individually tailored by way of directional current steering, and this has already been demonstrated to widen the therapeutic window. The increased number of electrode contacts and parameter permutations is, however, associated with an amplified level of complexity for the programming physician. Hope is at hand! Several publications in this issue of Movement Disorders shed light on how programming may actually be made simpler, more efficient, and potentially even automated. Beta oscillations recorded by both local field potentials (LFPs) and spiking activity in the dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus, are considered to be a relevant biomarker for the akinetic and rigid symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Tinkhauser and colleagues report on how the optimal contacts on a segmented electrode may be selected utilizing intraoperatively recorded LFPs. In 12 PD patients, the 2-contact combinations that recorded the highest relative beta oscillatory activity were nearly always those chosen as the optimal contacts for longterm stimulation with the widest therapeutic window. This has been shown before for nonsegmented leads or "ring" contacts. The ramifications for surgery are that it may no longer be necessary to orientate segmented electrodes in any one particular direction. Beyond the spatial domain of which contact to use, Bouthour and colleagues and Steigerwald and colleagues address the temporal domain of stimulation. They both elegantly and convincingly demonstrate what has been suspected for a long time, that shorter pulse widths are associated with a wider therapeutic window while using considerably less energy. Collectively, the potential application of these studies ties in with new capabilities of an emerging generation of "smart" implanted pulse generators that are able to detect and record LFPs. The anticipated scenario is that the implanted pulse generators will automatically select or suggest the optimal contacts to be used for stimulation. This approach will save time and because it is scientifically grounded in the detection of beta activity, will be most likely to achieve an individualized optimal outcome. Detection of beta activity in the STN of PD patients will not be the only application of such technology. Pathological synchronous oscillation has also been detected in the globus pallidus interna of both PD and dystonia patients and in the ventral STN of patients implanted for obsessive compulsive disorder. Closing the loop will then be just one very small step away. The most relevant features of pathological synchronous activity (amplitude, epoch length) will be sensed and extracted from the LFP signal to provide the necessary feedback for intelligent stimulation. Adaptive algorithms will be able to adjust for shorter pulse widths when appropriate. Alternative stimulation paradigms such as coordinated reset stimulation or optimized temporally nonregular stimulation may become options. Additional functional feedback may also come from wearable, smartphone based, or even implanted activity and speech sensors.


The FDI of Chinese corporations to the North Korea which started in recent years has the characters of compensation trade and cooperation in pattern, with the corporations in the South as the lead, taking the China Korea border region as the medium and development of natural resources, manufacturing industry, circulation field as the center. The FDI of Chinese corporations to the North Korea will affect the economic recovery of the North Korea to a certain extent and play a positive role in promoting transformation of economic system in the North Korea. The FDI of Chinese corporations to the North Korea will meet various obstacles such as weak social basic facilities, low purchasing power, less developed market economy, obstacle from idea. Hereafter, in order to promote FDI of Chinese corporations to the North Korea successfully, active promotion of favorable international climate for the North Korea, opening up of the North Korea, preparation for legal and systematic device, deciding the strategy of FDI to the North Korea, correct selection of investment project and partners, research on present investment condition of other countries to the North Korea and trend in the future are raising as the political questions to study.


In this paper, the authors present a passivity-based control (PBC) law as nested-loop PBC to which they have added a sliding mode control (SMC) scheme for the design of the switching control sequence of a three phase boost-type rectifier. The controller presented here is indeed a modification of the original PBC scheme, which was necessary in order to eliminate bias components that appear in the input currents, which may cause possible saturation in the magnetic elements. Also, a justification for the PI external loop extensively used in implementations is given here. Using an experimental test bench, the authors have implemented the controller proposed and the results are shown.


The main objective of this research is to evaluate the safety, health and environment status of the Lamerd cement factory based on the European Quality Model (EQFM). This research is an applied and descriptive-analytical survey. The statistical population of this study consists of 26 managers and experts in safety, health and environment at Lamerd Cement Factory. The statistical sample and the sampling method of this study were carried out by nonProbability sampling of the judgment method (census). Research instruments in this study were three researcher-made health assessment, safety assessment, environmental assessment and safety, health and environment assessment standard questionnaire based on EFQM model. The content validity of the data was guided by the supervisor and its reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha method. The reliability was 0.793, 0.719, 0.819, and 0.911, respectively. Onesample t-test was used to analyze the hypotheses test. Friedman test was used to rank variables. SPSS software was used for analysis. In general, based on the tests carried out and the results obtained, we conclude that the safety, health and environment status in Lamerd Cement Factory based on the standard EFQM model is in a good condition. It is suggested to examine the impact of HSE training on employees' behavior and their environmental culture.


The conclusions of a recent paper by Olsson (Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2758 (1995), cond-mat/9506082) about the fully frustrated XY model in two dimensions are questioned. In particular, the evidence presented for having two separate chiral and U(1) phase transitions are critically considered.


The airborne emission of toxic metals, such as lead, arsenic, and cadmium, from coal-fired boilers and incinerators is a major problem. These metals, which are considered to be semivolatile, are vaporized in the flame and subsequently form submicron particles. Since submicron particles are difficult to remove, one strategy to prevent emission is to inhibit ultra-fine particle formation within the combustor. Recent work has demonstrated that the sorbents such as kaolinite and lime are able to capture semivolatile metal vapors at high temperatures, thus preventing nucleation and condensation at lower temperatures. However, to develop practical scale technology, the rate of metal sorption by sorbents must be quantified. In this paper, an aerosol size fractionation approach is proposed to determine the extent of metal vapor-sorbent interactions above the metal dew point. The applicability of this methodology is illustrated by determining the rate of capture of cadmium by powdered, kaolinite sorbent at high combustion temperatures. An estimate of the rate of reaction was found to be 0.8 109cm3 gas/mol sorbent s. A simple competitive reaction model was constructed to investigate the competition between sodium and cadmium vapor sorption on a dispersed kaolinite substrate. Previous work had demonstrated that the presence of sodium hindered the sorption of cadmium by kaolinite. Results of the competition model suggest that sodium not only competes for available sorbent but also inhibits the sorption of cadmium when both metals are present.


The AZ31 magnesium alloy tube is used to electromagnetic forming experiment under the five kinds of input voltages, and cause of crack formation is analyzed. The analysis result shows that: adiabatic shear behavior and deformation localization are crack mechanism; electric difference, mechanical heterogeneity, uneven loading, and incomplete symmetry coil geometry are causes of crack formation. The ways of avoiding crack and increasing deformation degree are to improve comprehensive properties of the tube and to adjust deformation conditions during electromagnetic forming.


Internet finance is the popularization and extension of financial services in virtue of the modern technologies, such as internet technology, and is a series of innovative practice activity resulted from the popularization and extension of financial services. Also, internet finance is the result of the two-way movement between finance and internet. In china, internet finance has a close connection with financial repression,inclusive finance and modern technologies. In theory, internet finance challenges the two cornerstone of traditional theory of finance-"asymmetric information" and "transaction cost", and expands the application space of small and micro finance theory. Internet finance will have a huge impact on China's financial democratization, development of endogenous finance, financial disintermediation and development of small, micro and medium enterprises.


For the treatment of cancer, immunotherapy has some inherent advantages over other treatment modalities: disseminated disease can be eradicated due to the systemic nature of immunity, the immune system is effective against a wide range of targets, long-term memory can offer added protection against disease relapse, immunotherapy should be relatively non-toxic, and it can be synergistically combined with other treatment platforms such as radiation and chemotherapy. Type 1 immune responses are thought to be superior for the treatment of cancer and, as the quintessential TH1 polarizing cytokine, interleukin-12 (IL-12) holds much promise; however, optimal therapeutic protocols have yet to be developed and clinical results have fallen short of this promise. The in vivo IL-12 experiments described here highlight a characteristic of cellular therapy that has not previously been appreciated. That is, the effect of cell-mediated cytokine delivery on the immediate microenvironment and how that affects the immune response initiated. This observation has implications for the clinical application of IL-12 therapy but may also prove to be an important consideration when studying other immunostimulants.


This article focuses on university structure specification of conceptualization as a corporate complex mechanism which serves educational interests. Its exploration is needed for a more harmonious and balanced passing reformation process and modernization of education in Ukraine in accordance with European trends. Technical model of university was formed and comparison of the university and company structure was made. Some conclusions about existing problems of education process efficiency and the ways of its solutions were made. There are critical modern views on the education system as a competitive member of the economy market in this


Objective To explore the clinical and laboratory characteristics of two acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL)patients with isochromosome 17q-anomaly. Methods Bone marrow cell chromosome preparations were made with short-term culture. Karyotype analysis was performed by R-banding technique and dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) by using PML/RARα and HER-2 probes. Using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) detect PML/RARα fusion. Results The clinical and hematological findings were comparable with diagnosis of APL. Karyotype analysis showed that both patients had t(15;17) and isochromosome 17q- anomaly, and that proved by FISH. Furthermore, PML/RARα fusion were detected by RT-PCR in both patients. Conclusion i(17q-) is a rare additional karyotype abnormality in APL, the prognostic implication needs further research.


The new initiative on the part of government includes a new partnership between educators and industry which provides a real challenge for rural educators. If much of this report is to be functioning by the end of 1993 then the level of cross-sectional discussion must be stepped up so that the demands and needs of rural communities can be met.


The Src family kinases are frequently constitutively activated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases including Flt3 and c-Kit or to the autocrine or paracrine production of growth factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that dasatinib is an effective inhibitor of Src kinase activity in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by blocking the Bcr/Abl-mediated Src activity resulting in inhibition of cellular proliferation. In the present study we questioned whether similar effects can be observed in AML cells exposed to dasatinib and whether differences can be observed in normal cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells and CML cells (K562 cell line). Firstly, we demonstrated that dasatinib was effective in blocking the proliferation of K562 cells at a concentration of 2–10 nM which coincided with a significant reduction in Src, Erk1/2 and Stat5 phosphorylation. Long-term MS5 cocultures initiated with CB CD34+ cells demonstrated a reduced expansion of 50% at 5 nM dasatinib (p=0.005, n=3) after 4 weeks of coculture which was associated with a reduction in progenitor output as determined by colony forming cell (CFC) assays (p=0.031). Moreover, the inhibitory effects of dasatinib were cytokine-specific, eg IL3 and TPO-induced proliferation of both CB and Mo7e cells were not inhibited by dasatinib, while SCF-mediated proliferation was significantly impaired (94% ± 4% inhibition, p


The application of on-chip single voltage pulses is used to achieve both temporal and spatial control of the biological reactions in DNA chips. Single square and sinusoidal voltage pulses with amplitudes between 0.1 and 5 V and durations between 20 ns and 10 ms are used to achieve specific DNA oligonucleotide probe covalent immobilization to a functionalized surface and complementary DNA oligonucleotide hybridization to an immobilized DNA probe. Square voltage pulses are shown to be more effective for DNA immobilization and sinusoidal pulses for DNA hybridization. The electrode configuration allows controlling the spatial confinement of this electric-field effect.


Portrait of baby in beaded cradleboard propped up against studio prop tree trunk.
D10828 U.S. Copyright Office.
Photo by Heyn and Matzen, no. 1643.
Title transcribed from item.


The spring support mounting for at least two coiled ribbon springs counterbalancing the weight of a sash window, comprises a single integral component 24 dimensioned to fit within a jamb channel. Projections 33, 35, 37, some of which may be triangular in shape, support the springs (22a-c, figure 5). Also disclosed are a curved head portion for mounting the support, support wing projections, engagements means for a sash shoe, positioning of the springs for rapid recoil and buffer means.


Several lines of evidence including morphology, chromosome numbers, karyotypes, and phenology were previously used to clarify the taxonomic relationship between Calligonum mongolicum and C. pumilum (Polygonaceae). We employed sequences of the commonly used bar-coding locus, the nuclear ribosomal ITS region, to differentiate Calligonum mongolicum and C. pumilum , based on a sampling scheme of seven populations in three desert regions in China. Phylogenetic analyses did not support the monophyly of each of the two species; instead, populations of the two taxa are intermixed in the analysis. This pattern of intermixing is consistent with the result of the neighbor-net analysis. The ITS region can distinguish other species beyond the C. mongolicum complex defined by morphology both within a section and among sections in Calligonum . The intermixed non-monophyletic pattern of the widespread C. mongolicum and the narrowly distributed C. pumilum supports the merge of C. pumilum with C. mongolicum , consistent with morphological, cytological and karyotype analyses. We herein formally treat C. pumilum as the synonym of C. mongolicum .


Cryptococcus neoformans and gattii are ubiquitous and opportunistic yeasts that affect many animal species, more frequently adult intact dogs and cats. They cause cryptococcosis, an often fatal zoonotic disease that is thought to result primarily from inhalation of infectious propagules with initial localization in the respiratory tract and then dissemination to other tissues, particularly brain. Members of the species C. neoformans have ecological niche related to avian excreta (mainly pigeons), whereas members of the species C. gattii are usually found in eucalyptus and other tropical and subtropical trees. The traditional diagnosis of cryptococcosis is based on cytology and histological findings, with the evidence of yeasts with a sometimes-prominent capsule, and on microbial isolation and identification. Herein, we present the case history of a 4-year-old cat with a massive cryptococcal disseminated infection. A 4-year-old male cross-bred cat with poor body condition was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria showing a large number of skin nodules, 1–12 mm in diameter, mainly on the head and mucocutaneous junctions, as well on the gums, prepuce and anus (Figure 1). The owner reported apathy, anorexia and vomiting. The presence of urinary clots was also observed on clinical examination, as well as discrete lymphadenopathy. The body temperature was normal (38.1 C). Fine-needle aspirates were obtained from the nodules, according to Martins et al. Microscopy revealed a large number of macrophages and numerous encapsulated yeasts resembling Cryptococcus spp. (Figure 2). Urinalysis, haematology and a biochemical panel were done. Some discrete alterations were observed, such as lymphopenia, presence of platelet agglomerates, hyperproteinaemia (10.4 g ⁄ dL) and hypoalbuminaemia (1.3 g ⁄ dL). The cat tested negative for both the feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar and bird-seed agar at 28 C for 5 days yielded highly mucoid yeast-like colonies, compatible with features of members of the genus Cryptococcus. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the rDNA ITS1 ⁄ ITS4 regions were performed for species confirmation. Through a search of the GenBank database, a 99% homology was found with a sequence previously published for Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. The sequence data obtained were deposited in GenBank under the accession number HQ148880. The animal died 3 days after the clinical diagnosis due to severe dyspnoea caused by the disease. At necropsy, nodular superficial and deep granulomatous disseminated dermatitis, mild multifocal granulomatous encephalitis and lymphadenitis and marked multifocal to coalescent granulomatous pneumonia were observed. Variable numbers of globose to oval yeast cells (3–10 lm in diameter) containing a basophilic nucleus and an unstained capsulelike apparatus consistent with the genus Cryptococcus were present within these lesions. In animals, cryptococcosis is mainly reported in adult intact cats, with peak incidence at 2–3 years of age. Immunosuppression was formerly considered to be an Correspondence: Danieli Brolo Martins, Departamento de Pequenos Animais, Hospital Veterinário (Prédio 97), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com (a)


Abstract : The objectives of the study consisted of determining what it is that health care personnel actually do in their occupations, improving the personnel production process (education and training), and building a viable career pathway system for all health care personnel. (Author)


The occupational image subcultures associated with the nursing role (professional, traditional, bureaucratic, and utilitarian) affected job attitudes and the job attitude-performance relationship, but did not seem to have a direct effect on job performance. Implications of these findings are discussed and a model linking occupational and organizational socialization to job attitudes and job performance is presented.


Thermal processing is an eective way to extract solar wind implanted particles (SWIP) from lunar regolith. For heating a larger amount the behavior of its thermal properties, especially thermal conductivity, at higher temperatures is essential. The goal of the present investigations was the experimental determination of thermal conductivity of the regolith simulant JSC-1A under vacuum conditions (10 5 mbar) at temperatures of up to 650 C. Literature provides some data of measured thermal conductivities of lunar regolith which vary from 9 10 3 to 25 10 3 W/(m K) for temperatures between -70 C and 130 C under vacuum conditions. This variation and uncertainty of data required new measurement approaches and more research on this topic. Therefore, a cavity receiver breadboard was used which was originally designed to measure transient heating processes of JSC-1A. A steady state measurement method was applied to this experiment, where mean temperatures of the JSC-1A sample of up to 650 C were reached. The results show a cubic increase of thermal conductivity as a function of temperature from 8 10 3 W/(m K) at 150 C to 33 10 3 W/(m K) at 650 C. This increase is caused by heat transfer due to radiation, the dominating heat conduction mechanism in powders under vacuum conditions. In general, the comparison of the results with past studies of dierent authors shows similar behavior. After this acquisition of rst data on thermal conductivity as a function of temperature, more detailed work will be necessary to improve knowledge about thermal conductivity of real lunar regolith and its simulants.


Subtitle: Low-cost is perhaps the most over-used term in our industry and there's hardly an alternative if you want to survive. Today the onboard short-haul product is pretty much universal and, as key markets mature, competition is only likely to intensify.


This paper presents a combined system based on digital speckle pattern interferometry and laser annealing to determine residual stresses in ductile materials. The system allows the measurement of the radial in-plane displacement field generated when a specimen subjected to residual stresses is locally heated. This novel approach for measuring residual stresses has the advantage of being nondestructive and can be easily applied to in situ tests. The description of the combined system is followed by the presentation of preliminary results which illustrate the ability of both techniques to identify residual stress fields and also to determine their principal directions.


A review is made of the work on the measurement and interpretation of the properties of individual particles, of the type incorporated into recording tape. It was shown that the remanent coercive force H r (O) of particles of any of the materials measured covered a range of several hundred Oersted. A high proportion of the particies were multiple, that is they comprised several particles lying side by side: it is known that most of the particles in recording tape are of this type. An investigation was made of the nature of the reversal process, and of the origin of the range in H r (O), for particles of γ-Fe 2 O 3 , CrO 2 and metal powder (iron). The variation of H r (0) with angle between the field and particle axis was determined for γ-Fe 2 O 3 and CrO 2 . The results of the above work were used in an attempt to synthesize the remanent loop of a tape from the knowledge of the properties of its constituent particles.


We propose to use group-sparsities of the extended OD (Origin-Destination) flow matrix, expressing time transitions of traffic matrices, for effective detection and flexible characterization of diverse network traffic anomalies. We also formulate an approximate decomposition problem of an extended OD flow matrix into a group-sparse and a low-rank temporally-smooth matrix. Moreover, we present a characterization of typical DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks with a certain sparsity of aggregated traffic volumes per unit time for each group of OD flows to the same destination. The proposed characterization is combined with the proposed decomposition problem to establish a DDoS attack detection scheme. A numerical experiment demonstrates effectiveness of the proposed DDoS attack detection scheme.


Wearable devices have been used to assess and monitor volleyball performance. Given the diversity of technologies used and the variables measured, this study aimed to synthesize and review the wearable technology used to assess and monitor physical performance in volleyball players. A comprehensive search of published articles was performed in the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, up to 23 October 2022. Studies with volleyball players of any age that used a wearable device to assess or monitor physical performance (e.g., jump height) were included. Nine studies conducted with male or female volleyball players were included. The participants' age ranged between 16 and 32 years. Eight studies used Triaxial IMU, and one study used Vertec IMU. The performance analysis was based on vertical jump ability (n = 7) and overall volleyball performance (n = 2). Of the nine studies analyzed, 75% of the studies revealed blinding at the participant level and allocation concealment, and 95% reported a low risk of bias in the outcome assessment. This study shows that monitoring and assessing vertical jump ability through wearable devices is an increasing procedure in volleyball. Therefore, as jump height is a critical variable in athletic performance in volleyball, coaches and researchers might consider using wearable devices to assess and monitor physical performance changes in volleyball players.


SUMMARY In a sibship of four, Friedreich's ataxia and minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome occurred in two siblings, a third sibling had Friedreich's ataxia, but no evidence of nephrotic syndrome; the fourth sibling had neither condition. The chance of Friedreich's ataxia and minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome occurring in two siblings is small, and suggested a common immunological abnormality. High dose prednisone and antimetabolites given for the nephrotic syndrome did not appear to affect the course of Friedreich's ataxia. The two siblings with Friedreich's ataxia and nephrotic syndrome developed epilepsy at age 15 years. All three children with Friedreich's ataxia had abnormal electroencephalograms (EEGs). These epileptiform EEG abnormalities were probably inherited from the mother, who had spike wave epilepsy. The neurologic deficits of Friedreich's ataxia, in turn, may have allowed the EEG trait to be expressed as a seizure disorder. The progressive ataxia and epileptic, sometimes myoclonic, seizures in these patients and the dentate nucleus changes in the autopsied patient were consistent with the diagnosis of dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica. This suggested that the latter disorder may represent a coincidence of two genetic entities: Friedreich's ataxia and spike wave epilepsy.


In this paper we describe approaches to clustering in systems of globally coupled identical oscillators. The first of these approaches is based entirely on the symmetry of such systems, and gives information about the behaviour of the systems near degenerate bifurcation points. We summarize existing results from such analysis, and indicate why further techniques are required to augment the symmetry-based methods. This leads to a second approach based on constructing certain reduced models. This modelling approach relies indirectly on symmetry, using the fact that the systems in question have many invariant subspaces as a result of their symmetry. It is shown how knowledge of behaviour on certain subspaces can be used to predict behaviour on others subspaces, even when their dimensions are different. In applications, this approach can be used to predict the stable clustering behaviour that cannot be predicted by other approaches and may be hard to find numerically. All results are illustrated with examples.


Purpose – The police culture literature suggests that police officers' attitude towards the public is characterised by suspicion and an "us-vs-them" mentality. It also refers to the moral mission of protecting the public by being tough on crime. The traditional police culture model seems to imply that these aspects are typical for the police. There is, however, a lack of empirical studies to test this proposition. The purpose of this paper is to propose a different conceptual framework, based on grid-group cultural theory (GGCT), which not only broadens the lens of the police culture model, but also allows for comparative research between different professional groups. Design/methodology/approach – The newly developed conceptual framework is tested in an ethnographic study in the Belgian police and labour inspection. The main data collection methods are observation, interview and informal conversation. Findings – The results of this study show that there are similarities in the way in which Belgian police...


Abstract Efficient visualizations of computational algorithms are important tools for students, educators, and researchers. In this article, we point out an innovative visualization technique for matrix multiplication. This method differs from the standard, formal approach by using block matrices to make computations more visual. We find this method a helpful alternative for introducing matrix multiplication.


HT den Dekker, AM Sonnenschein-van der Voort, VW Jaddoe, IK Reiss, JC de Jongste, L Duijts. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016;27(5):486–492

To investigate the association of duration and exclusiveness of breastfeeding with asthma outcomes in children aged 6 years and determine association with atopy or infection.

Prospective cohort study of 5675 children from the prenatal period until young adulthood in the Netherlands.

Information about breastfeeding was collected through questionnaires. At age 6, airway resistance and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a …


Abstract In a recent paper, we described the development of a method for calculating exact collision probabilities between different regions (namely, fuel kernels, graphite matrix, moderator, and coolant) of a lattice cell of a high temperature reactor (HTR) of the pebble bed variety. The method was shown to adequately represent the double heterogeneity in such reactors. In the present paper, we use some of the results obtained in that paper to construct a fast Monte Carlo algorithm for treatment of HTRs. This paper discusses the theoretical basis of the Monte Carlo algorithm, its implementation for the case of a lattice cell with the energy variable treated using a multigroup library, and results obtained. The method can be easily extended to full-core calculations using point cross-section data.


For humanoid robot applications in nuclear radiation environments, not only the electronic and mechanical parts, but also the servo system in robots could be damaged by large dose of radiation. In this paper we study the radiation induced degradation to the brushless DC (BLDC) motor in the robot servo systems and analyze how its performance changes due to radiation induced demagnetization. The radiation demagnetization factor is introduced into the electromagnetic model of the BLDC motor, and the motor performance under the PWM control method is compared with the one without radiation degradation. The result illustrates that the radiation will decrease the motor power and cause controlability loss in the robot servo systems.


The microstructure and properties of oil-extended solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber( SSBR) 2564 A were studied and compared with those of SSBR 5025-2 and emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber( ESBR) 1712. The results showed that compared with ESBR 1712,SSBR 2564 A had a higher number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight,narrower molecular weight distribution, higher vinylunit and cis-1,4-unit contents,lower trans-1,4-unit;its compounds had slower curing rates; its vulcanizates had better heat aging resistance,heat building up and dispersion of carbon black,and a little bad mechanical properties. Compared with SSBR5025-2,SSBR 2564 A had about the same numberaverage molecular weight,weight-average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution,higher vinyl-unit and cis-1,4-unit contents,lower trans-1,4-unit content; its compounds had faster curing rate,similar crosslink density,higher bound rubber content; its vulcanizates had better heat aging resistance and nearly the same mechanical properties, heat build up and carbon black dispersion.


The "sense" in Supreme Court decisions is at least partly a function of the Court's past opinions. Professor Brigham examines the Court's tradition with reference to property claims and how it has settled them. The basic understanding of the concept of property would seem to have remained stable over time, but new forms to which it applies have appeared in response to changing socioeconomic and poltical conditions. Property rights in titles, offices, grants, and franchises-among others -have been asserted and sustained. Professor Brigham argues that since the idea of settled expectations is central to such assertions and determinations, it makes sense to regard statutory entitlements as property under the constitution.


Medicament characterized by a content of at least one anticholinergic (1), at least one corticosteroid (2) and at least one betamimetic (3), optionally in form of the enantiomers, mixtures of enantiomers or racemates optionally in the form of solvates or hydrates and optionally together with a physiologically acceptable excipient, wherein in the case of anticholinergic (1), it is a salt of tiotropium and in the case of corticosteroid (2) is the ciclesonide.


The present research suggests that negotiators who represented negotiation issues more abstractly were more likely to reach integrative agreements. Specifically, participants who were prompted to directly think about their negotiation issues in a more abstract manner by generating general descriptions of the issues rather than more concretely about the negotiation issues by generating specific descriptions of the issues made more multi-issue offers and achieved higher joint gain from the negotiation. The role of abstraction in negotiation and conflict resolution is discussed.


Adaptation and resilience form basic themes for the survival and evolution of society, traditions, economy, technology, and nature. Inherently, humans continue to adapt themselves to live better lives on this earth with well-meant consequences, however not all factors are containable unless they can be gauged. This reflects also true for the corporate and business world, which is always in search of the perfect paradigm to achieving balance in sustainability, function, network, and profit. The research is aimed at analyzing the parameters which lead to the successful deployment of ERP across the pharmaceutical sector where use of ERP is prevalent and of high importance.


The three dimensional mean spherical model on a hypercubic lattice with a film geometry L × ∞2 under periodic boundary conditions is studied in the presence of an external magnetic field H. The universal Casimir amplitude ∆ and the Binder's cumulant ratio B are calculated exactly and found to be ∆ = −2ζ(3)/(5π) ≈ −0.153051 and B = 2π/( √ 5 ln[(1 + √ 5)/2]). It is analytically shown that the excess free energy (due to the finite-size contributions to the free energy of the system) is a monotonically increasing function of the temperature T and of the magnetic field |H| in the vicinity of the bulk critical temperature Tc. This property is supposed to hold for any classical d-dimensional O(n), n > 2, model with a film geometry under periodic boundary conditions when d ≤ 3. An analytical evidence is also presented to confirm that the Casimir force in the system is negative both below and in the vicinity of the bulk critical temperature Tc. A discussion on the relations between the finite temperature Cfunction, usually defined for quantum systems, and the excess free energy scaling function is presented. PACS number(s): 05.20.-y, 05.50.+q, 75.10.Hk


Introducing the application of auto matic hydrological information acq uisition system(thereaftersystem)in water resources optimizing configuration of Shanmei Reservoir durin g dry season,the author holds some problems of un -completion in parame ters and functions set in system.The author analyzes these problems and corresponding solutions which can f acilitate the application of system s in dry season water resources optim izing configuration based on benefit maximization,electricity generated according to water supply,and dynamic water volume balancing.


The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera; Aphididae), is one of the main cotton crop pests and the use of insecticides is important in its control. The objective of this study was to evaluate of the efficiency of mixture of acetamiprid and fipronil insecticides, in dry cotton seed coating, in controlling A. gossypii aphids. The experimental design was of randomized plots with seven treatments and four replications. Cotton seeds, from cv. Delta Opal, were submitted to the following treatments – at g of active ingredient (AI).100kg-1 of seeds: acetamiprid+fipronil - 200+50, 240+60 e 280+70, acetamiprid – 210, fipronil - 70, tiametoxam - 210 and control (without insecticide). After plants emergency, aphids on leafs of ten plants per plot were evaluated. The pest population was least on cotton crop under seed treatment with acetamiprid+fipronil, acetamiprid and tiametoxam. The mixture of acetamiprid and fipronil was effective in controlling A. gossypii in cotton crop, even at 200+50 g AI.100kg-1 of seeds, by causing 93, 82 and 93% of mortality, at 11th, 15 th and 21th days after seedling emergence, respectively.


The World Health Organization [1] has defined violence as "the intentional use of physical force, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in, or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation'' [1]. According to the WHO [1] typology of violence, there are mainly three types, such as, self-directed, interpersonal, and collective violence; these types are further divided into subtypes [1]. The current study focused on interpersonal (intimate partner or domestic) violence against married men. The Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) can be defined as the physical, psychological, or sexual harm by current/previous partner or spouse; domestic violence is used interchangeably with IPVs [2]. Violence against women is extensively studied in different parts of the western world and Asian countries; however, very few of the researchers have paid attention towards violence against men [3,4]; Hines et al. [5] it is commonly claimed that men are traditionally viewed as being physically stronger than women, therefore, they under-report their victimization due to barriers like embarrassment and masculine ego [6]. The fact that men are victims of IPV, from their female partners, has been identified for the last thirty years [5]; these victims often face the humiliation of being laughed at, accused, belittled, or ridiculed, due to which they do not report their victimization [6]. Studies have identified equal levels of exposure to intimate partner violence among men and women [7]; the rates and frequencies of violence enacted by women are often similar to that of their men partners [8]. Such symmetry signifies a weak association of gender with perpetration of IPV. However, men's ego has been developed by the society in such a way that their reporting of violence is generally considered a social stigma. When men attempt to report DV against them, most of the times they are not trusted; instead, they are laughed at and ridiculed for the notion that they are beaten by their wives


In this paper, non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques are requi red to inspect the unknown foundations on a damaged heritage railroad bridge for further rehabilitation in Taiwan. Each exposed masonry bridge foundations is built with granite blocks and bricks and located across a g ravelly floodplain. Five electrical or wave-based inspection techniques in total are introduced to inspect t he conditions on a specific pier foundation. The NDT techniques consist of two-dimensional (general) electrica l resistivity tomography (ERT), three-dimensional ERT, cross-hole ERT, ultra-seismic, and parallel seismic met hods. These inspecting methods can effectively identify the depths of the granite lining layer and lowest brick lining layer as 5 meters and 17 meters, respectively , b low ground level. In addition, proof excavation and borehole e xploration are conducted to verify the ir reasonability and reliability as well.


Paraffin sections from human lingual glands fixed in Carnoy's fluid No. 2 were dewaxed, hydrated and treated as follows: Mayer's acid hemalum, 5-10 min; running water, 15 min; 5% aqueous tannic acid, 10 min; distilled water, 3 changes; 1% aqueous phosphomolybdic acid, 10 min; distilled water, 3 changes; azophloxin GA, 2 gm in 9:1 methanol-acetic acid (mixed 16-20 hr before use), 5 min; 9:1 methanol-acetic acid, 2 changes; absolute alcohol, 1 dip; and apply a cover with nonfluorescent medium. Myoepithelial cells and muscle fibers were stained deep red; connective tissue fibers and serous cells, yellow; mucous cells, unstained. Only myoepithelial cells and muscle fibers were strongly fluorescent. This selective fluorescence greatly facilitated study of very fine fibers in myoepithelial cells and of the basket-like meshworks. This stain does not require differentiation and is useful in general histopathology. No fading was observed in sections stored for 1 yr.


TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2NSs) have been investigated for lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries as strategically designed TiO2 nanosheet/carbon nanotube (TiO2NS/CNT) composite modified polypropylene (PP) separator to inhibit the shuttling of the intermediate polysulfides. The modified separator was fabricated by the vacuum filtration method using the exfoliation TiO2NSs and untreated carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. The multi‐functional TiO2NS/CNT coating not only reduced the electrochemical resistance but also localized the migrating polysulfides by the cooperative effect of physical adsorption and chemical binding. Specifically, the composition ratio of TiO2NSs/CNTs and the interface character have been studied. It was found that the optimum ratio and perfect electrolyte wettability of the TiO2NS/CNT layers were all the critical reasons to achieve good battery performance. The high initial discharge capacity of 1247 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C rate, which was 75% of the theoretical capacity of sulfur, 98% average coulombic efficiency, and 627 mA h g−1 discharge capacity retention after 100 cycles were obtained with the TiO2NS/CNT coating separator.


Abstract Forty-five years after their first preparation, nitroalkynes retain interest for their unique chemical behavior and their potential as energetic materials. This review encompasses the physical and spectral properties, synthesis, reactivity, metal complexes, and theoretical studies of nitroalkynes not previously reviewed, and those prepared after 1973. 1 Introduction 2 Physical Properties of Nitroalkynes 3 Spectral Properties of Nitroalkynes 4 Syntheses of Nitroalkynes 4.1 Unsuccessful Attempts 4.1.1 Nitration 4.1.2 Elimination 4.1.3 Retrocycloaddition 4.2 Successful Strategies 4.2.1 Nitration 4.2.2 Elimination 4.2.3 Nucleophilic Displacement 4.2.4 From Triazoles 4.3 Attempts at the Synthesis of Dinitroacetylene 5 Reactions of Nitroalkynes 5.1 Thermal Decomposition 5.2 Nucleophilic Addition 5.3 Cycloaddition 6 Metal Complexes 7 Theoretical Studies 8 Conclusion


We propose an algorithm for the multiple F0 estimation and tracking task of the Third Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX 2007). It has been developped for automatic transcription of piano music, based on a maximum likelihood approach for joint estimation of multiple F0's. The whole algorithm performs a segmentation of the signal by detecting onsets. In each segment, a set of candidates is then setected, followed by the multiple F0 estimation. The robustness of the multipitch detection is further enhanced by embedding the maximum likelihood estimation into a Hidden Markov Model framework. 1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The algorithm is composed of five successive stages, which are illustrated in figure 1. Firstly, the signal is segmented with respect to the onset estimates obtained by the algorithm by Alonso [1]. Each of these variable-length segments is then splitted into overlapping frames of constant length. Secondly, for each segment, we select a presumably oversized set of F0 candidates by analyzing the first frames and selecting the largest peaks of the function defined by: S (f0) = 1 H(f0) ln H(f0)


This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The object of research is the name of community activity on the page Solopos Solo Raya newspaper. The purpose of this study, there are three first, to describe a form of community activity name in Solo Raya. Secondly, describes the meaning of the activity in the name of Solo Raya and third, describe the implementation of the nature and meaning of the name of Solo Raya community activities in learning Indonesian. Mechanical ably semuka informant interviews, recording technique, the technique used to obtain data noted in this study. After the data collected this study using a unified method of data analysis techniques, basic techniques of power pilah determining element, engineering refrensial frontier. The results of this study are the four things, (1) The form of the name of Solo Raya community activities. (2) Code languages on behalf of Solo Raya activity that is based on the origin of language in the form of community activity name contains Indonesian, English, Javanese, and mixed-language, English Indonesian. (3) The origin of the name of community activities Solo Raya there are five origin of the name of community activities Solo Raya (a) the name of community activity that shows the events or activities, (b) the name of community activities that show the culture, (c) the name of community activities that showed in place (d) the name of the activity which refers to the history and culture, and (e) the name of the historic activity. (4) Implementation of the nature and meaning of the name of community activities Solo Raya in the Indonesian language learning this study based on the syllabus berkurikulum 2013, RPP centralize KD: 4.1 Interpret the meaning of the text of historical stories, news, advertising, editorial/opinion, and novel either orally and in writing, indicators 4.1.1 Finding the meaning of a text message, both orally and in writing.

Keywords: Study of Sociolinguistics, name of community activities, learning Indonesian


In the current scenario, transmission cost allocation is one of the significant difficulties arises due to the expansion in power exchanges in transmission open access looked by electric energy area. The proposed method calculates transmission cost allocation by considering bilateral & multilateral transactions. The transmission cost allocation approach in the proposed method derives from equivalent bilateral which states that a small amount of every generator provides with each request in consistently and separated manner. The influence of power flow in network via all lines due to a transaction is measured by power flow solution. This paper discusses the congestion problem in the deregulated electricity market using an optimal power flow (OPF). The transmission lines are uncongested using re-dispatch method and then taxes are calculated for the establishment of the flexible A.C. transmission systems (FACTS) devices in the transmission network to reduce taxes. The excellent location of FACTS device can be identified by the bus on which highest T. The result indicates that the combination of TCSC and SVC incredibly discount the measure of re-dispatched power which provides optimal operating point nearer to the market settlement. Hence, TCSC and SVC gives convenient option to block the execution of transmission estimation utilizing approaches and calculate the transmission price.


The use of standard alloys, in particular steels, to increase the wear resistance of contact surfaces in mechanical engineering in most cases has lost its relevance due to low mechanical and tribological properties. Currently, in mechanical engineering, as well as in repair production, technologies for obtaining functional and restorative coatings that differ significantly from the properties of the product material are widely implemented. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the physical and tribological properties of ceramic coatings obtained by laser melting of fine powder materials. (Materials and methods) Authors used a powder mixture based on boron carbide and nitride as the initial powder materials as the most solid, heat-resistant and chemically inert compounds, additionally doped with magnesium oxide and lithium. Authors used an ytterbium fiber laser with a maximum power of 50 watts as a laser radiation generator. (Results and discussion) It was found that laboratory studies confirm the high adhesion of the ceramic coating with a steel substrate. It also was found that stable chemical compounds based on iron carbides and borides are formed in the fusion zone. The article notes that the high impact strength of the coating was confirmed by the shock tests of samples-in the impact (destruction) zone, there is no formation of significant cracks and chips of the coating, the fusion zone without traces of separation and destruction. The article shows that the lowest coefficient of friction at elevated temperature and dynamic loads is observed in coatings with the presence of metal oxides, this is explained by the accelerated formation of a tribofilm based on boric acid. (Conclusions) The presented results have a high scientific basis and practical potential. The low coefficient of friction and high wear resistance allow to use the results of research in tribo-couplings that are operated under high temperatures and kinematic characteristics.


After a decade of severe swings, the oil country tubular goods (OCTG) industry still looks like it won't settle down. It is the distribution segment where more volatility is expected in the year ahead because returns on investment won't support carrying large inventories. Users thus will have to deal with uncertain inventory availability and fluctuating prices. These problems stem from unstable crude oil prices that cause large fluctuations in drilling, and uncertain exchange rates for the U.S. dollar. This article reviews the key factors affecting the OCTG industry over the last 10 years, and how they may influence it in 1989. Two segments of the OCTG industry are fairly predictable for 1989. Manufacturing will still have problems from overcapacity and users are expected to increase drilling only modestly. Thus, it is in the third segment, distribution, where important changes can be expected - changes in inventory availability and changes in prices. Changes in supply are expected to result in unstable market conditions.


In this paper, a simple theoretical approach is developed with the aim of evaluating shape, interfacial pressure, apparent contact angle and contact area of liquid drops gently deposed on randomly rough surfaces. This method can be useful to characterize the superhydrophobic properties of rough substrates, and to investigate the contact behavior of impacting drops. We assume that (i) the size of the apparent liquid–solid contact area is much larger than the micromorphology of the substrate, and (ii) a composite interface is always formed at the microscale. Results show apparent contact angle and liquid–solid area fraction are slightly influenced by the drop volume only at relatively high values of the root mean square roughness hrms, whereas the effect of volume is practically negligible at small hrms. The main statistical quantity affecting the superhydrophobic properties is found to be the Wenzel roughness parameter rW, which depends on the average slope of the surface heights. Moreover, transition from the Cassie–Baxter state to the Wenzel one is observed when rW reduces below a certain critical value, and theoretical predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental data. Finally, the present method can be conveniently exploited to evaluate the occurrence of pinning phenomena in the case of impacting drops, as the Wenzel critical pressure for liquid penetration gives an estimation of the maximum impact pressure tolerated by the surface without pinning occurring.


In the fluorite province of Southern Brazil (Santa Catarina State), the mineralized veins are positioned in open NS to N30E trending faults. Those faults are open fractures in the crystalline basement (granites and quartz-monzonites of the Upper Proterozoic), that from a paleogeographic high, limiting the eastern edge of Parana Basin. The mineralized faults also cut across Eocambrian porphyry-quartz dykes, Upper Carboniferous sediments of Itarare Group and Upper Cretaceous diabase dykes. The fluorite veins show a symmetrical and/or assymmetrical simple zonation, characterized by banded fluorite, fine and coarse breccias, "cocardes" and associated geodes. Fluorite samples are green, light~yellow and white in color, and are found associated with chalcedony, quartz, barite, pyrite, kaolinite and more rarely galena. Precipitation of fluorite occur in melange zone between rising hydrothermal fluids and connate water in sediments of the Itarare Group, that is underlain by crystaltine basement. The formation of fluorite veins is linked to the evolution of the rifting event that separated the South-American and African continents, probably from the end of Cretaceous to the beginning of Tertiary. The origin of fluids investigated by oxygen and sulphur isotope studies in barite, fluid inclusions in fluorite and rare earth distribution in various types of fluorite samples, is related to convective circulations of superficial waters percolated at depth, which are then heated, starting the leaching of fluorine from basement rocks and depositing fluorite during the ascending process towards the surface.


Anuria following kidney transplantation is an import- nephrostomy was performed and the antegrade ant symptom indicating a possible severe complication. nephrostogram showed no contrast in the bladder Therefore diagnostic investigations such as ultrasound despite the stent being in situ. Therefore the stent was or biopsy of the transplanted kidney are immediately removed and was shown to be completely occluded by required. We report on a case with anuria following a blood clot. Graft function slowly improved despite kidney transplantation due to thrombotic occlusion of an episode of rejection which was treated with methylureteric stent, which had a favourable outcome. prednisolone. Three weeks later a repeat antegrade nephrostogram showed a filling defect in the distal Case report


Jining city has a long history. simce over 10,000 years ago,there has been ancestors in this land, who brought up their chudren from one generation to another. Xia,shang and zhou had a plenty of adjunctive cowlltries. from Qin and Han to Tang and song,each canton,shire and Country had its own leader. Since Yuan,Ming and Qing,they begarn to hame it "Jining" ,Now,it is made up of two regions, three cities and seven countries,its area is 10685 square Kilometres.


The aim of the thesis was to clarify the importance of inhibition of repair DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. We focused on the effect of an inhibitor of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) NU7441 and the inhibitor ATM kinase KU55933. We examined the effectiveness of inhibitors used individually, together, and in combination with 60Co gamma rays. Cell line HeLa, derived from human cervical carcinoma, was used as a model system. First, we used methods to determine cell growth (colony formation assay) and cell proliferation (WST test). Using fluorescence microscopy, we detected the presence of the "ionizing radiation induced foci" (IRIF). We observed the changes in amount of cells in the phases of the cell cycle (flow cytometry) and the expression of some proteins involved in the repair of DNA damage (Western blotting). Our results show that inhibitors of DNA-PK (NU7441) and ATM kinase (KU55933) have an radiosentising effect on tumor HeLa cells which becomes stronger when the combination of both inhibitors is used. This novel approach might offer new strategies in combined treatment of tumor diseases.


Discrimination learning is defined as the acquisition of different responses to different stimuli. Discrimination training refers to teaching, people to distinguish between closely similar objects. The task of perceptual training is therefore to increase the distinctiveness of the relevant stimulus cues. The present paper studies the effects of training on two-category discrimination tasks on four-category discrimination tasks. Specifically the study examines the effects of two-category reversal and non-reversal shifts on four-category reversal and non-reversal shifts, one hundred introductory psychology students from Montana state University, Bozeman, Montana, served as subjects. When the training procedure was employed, four-category shifts, no longer resulted in negative transfer. Reversal facilitation then did occur as a result of the experimental design, simple four-category learning, however, was not facilitated by the training. Two factors may have accounted for the lack of transfer: the interpolation of the two-category shifts during training and the lack of adequate training. Pre-training will result in significant amounts of positive transfer when practice occurs in amounts greater than those required in the present study. THE EFFECT OF TWO-CATEGORY REVERSAL AND NON-REVERSAL PRE-TRAINING SHIFT LEARNING IN CARD SORTING ON FOURCATEGORY REVERSAL AND NON-REVERSAL SHIFT LEARNING by ROGER EDWIN ALA A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree •' of MASTER OF SCIENCE : in Psychology


Computational electromagnetic algorithms are indispensible to today's electromagnetic compatibility. However the nonlinear I/O modeling and its hybridized simulation with electromagnetic solvers were less addressed. In this paper, we discuss two major solutions we proposed for nonlinear I/O modeling. When the details of the circuit are given known, the SPICE circuit model can be employed in the simulation. However when the detail of the nonlinear I/O is not known, which happens often, a parametric macro model is first developed to replace the I/O before the hybridized characterization. The proposed techniques are mostly suitable for time domain based computational electromagnetics systems.


This title discusses the uses of plants as medicines as well as the role of government in protecting public health and doing research for new medical treatments.