Restorative dentistry has undergone an important paradigm shift during the last two decades. Due to increased emphasis on preserving healthy tooth tissue the early concept of amalgam and cast restorations based on macro-mechanical retention coupled with inevitable tissue lost was replaced by the philosophy of minimally invasive dentistry. The introduction of predictable adhesive technologies has made this concept achievable. An adhesive tooth restorative technique enables diseased or lost tooth tissue be replaced by adhering the restorative material directly to the remaining sound tooth tissue. Due to their improved esthetic qualities, strength and wear resistance, resin composites are nowadays the restorative materials of first choice for replacement of lost natural tissues. It is generally accepted, that polymerization shrinkage of resin composite is a still unsolved problem in clinical dentistry. Therefore, the main objective of this project was to evaluate selective properties of a new low shrinking composite and to compare them with commonly used ones. This thesis mainly focuses on the influence of the low polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress formation on the marginal adaptation. The other factors such as different adhesive application protocols, different adhesive system combinations and dentinal fluid simulation in relation to the marginal adaptation are studied as well. Furthermore, the staining susceptibility of a Silorane resin composite is evaluated.


In summary, we use all-optical methods with evaporative cooling near a Feshbach resonance to produce a strongly interacting degenerate Fermi gas. We observe hydrodynamic behavior in the expansion dynamics. At low temperatures, collisions may not explain the expansion dynamics. We observe hydrodynamics in the trapped gas. Our observations include collisionally-damped excitation spectra at high temperature which were not discussed above. In addition, we observe weakly damped breathing modes at low temperature. The observed temperature dependence of the damping time and hydrodynamic frequency are not consistent with collisional dynamics nor with collisionless mean field interactions. These observations constitute the first evidence for superfluid hydrodynamics in a Fermi gas.


This document contains the summary of comments received during EPA's in-person and virtual public meetings on the Clean Water Act (CWA) Hazardous Substances Spill Prevention rulemaking effort.


The utility model provides a far field double transmitting array casing damage instrument sensor, which comprises two transmitting probes and receiving probes. The sensor is characterized in that the transmitting probes are symmetrically distributed on the two sides of the receiving probes respectively by taking the receiving probe as the reference object, and the polarities thereof are opposite; the receiving probes are formed by 2*20 groups of small coils which are arranged in double-layered coil framework arrays; the discrepant angle of the double-layered coils is half of the angle of two groups of coils on a single layer; each receiving probe adopts two coils with identical parameters which are connected in series in a differential manner; the distance between the transmitting probes and the receiving probe is two to three times the length of the inner diameter of the sleeve. The utility model has the characteristics of uniform magnetic field distribution, high detection sensitivity, small influence of surrounding mediums, consistent sensitivity of damage detection of the outer and the inner walls of the sleeve, small influence of lift-off effect of the instrument, high damage azimuth resolution and the like.


The equations of state of water developed by Rice and Walsh are discussed. Analytic expressions and quadratures are developed for results that were previously obtained by numerical computations. Approximate bounds on the region of validity of the Rice and Walsh relations for water are constructed. Their energy‐volume‐pressure and enthalpy‐volume‐pressure relations are extended to 450 kbar, and strips of the energy‐volume‐pressure and enthalpy‐volume‐pressure surfaces containing the Hugoniot curve are extrapolated to pressures of approximately 20 Mbar, where the Thomas‐Fermi method may be used to obtain thermodynamic relations for water.


[Objective] The aim was to study the adaptability of growth and fruiting of large seedlings of Koelreuteria paniculala after transplanting in Yinchuan area.[Method] Taking 84 large seedlings of 1-year-old K.paniculala,a deciduous arbor species of Koelreuteria Laxm,Sapindaceae introduced from Hebei province,as tested materials to study their characters of branch,growth,biomass accumulation and fruiting after the large seedlings were translated.[Result] After transplanting of great seedlings,the survival rate of K.paniculala was 100% and they could grow and develop well;K.paniculala had the strong branching capability in the same year and the total branching number per plant,branching length,basal stem diameter,paripinnate number and biomass of individual branch were(63.8±12.9) cm,(11.4±1.7)mm,(20.8±4.9),(74.6±20.7) g resp.About 50% of seedlings and 33.3% of total branches fruited in the same year after transplanting and the average fruiting number of individual branch was(19.3±14.1).But the development and maturation of their fruits and seeds were delayed and a part of them could not develop and mature.[Conclusion] This study provided basic dada for popularization and application of K.paniculala in urban landscaping and soil and water conservation in northwest area in China


This paper analyzes the merits of a particular set of compliance options for Phase 2 of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. In particular, the paper addresses the technical and economic merits of upgrading the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems installed on numerous power plants during the 1970s and 1980s. In many instances, these FGD systems can be upgraded to provide higher removal efficiencies at a relatively low cost. The paper discusses the technical issues associated with upgrading FGD systems, and the required level of capital investment for the various options. Operating cost impacts are quantified, also. In a case study analysis, the costs of the possible upgrade modifications are quantified in terms of dollars per ton of SO{sub 2} removed as determined from a recent study performed by Burns & McDonnell for the South Mississippi Electric Power Association (SMEPA). These costs are compared to the expected costs of allowance purchases. The conclusion is that upgrading some of these older FGD systems can be an economical compliance alternative for SMEPA and other utilities.


We consider a family of N -parameter reductions of Benney's equations, introduced in [1] as a generalisation of the dispersionless Lax equations. Using Geogdzhaev's method [2], we solve the initial value problem for the reduced system. This construction is carried out explicitly for the reduction associated with an elliptic curve.


Three-dimensional virtual worlds are an emerging medium currently being used in both traditional classrooms and for distance education. Three-dimensional (3D) virtual worlds are a combination of desk-top interactive Virtual Reality within a chat environment. This analysis provides an overview of Active Worlds Educational Universe and Adobe Atmosphere and the pedagogical affordances and constraints of the inscription tools, discourse tools, experiential tools, and resource tools of each application. The purpose of this review is to discuss the implications of using each application for educational initiatives by exploring how the various design features of each may support and enhance the design of interactive learning environments.


The yield of maize is primarily influenced by sunlight, temperature, available plant nutrients and water supply. Since plants take up water through their roots, the most decisive factor is not precipitation but the quantity of water available in the soil. In this study, a simple, easy-to-reproduce, capacitive model was elaborated to determine the available moisture content for maize. During the calculations, based on the balance method, the available moisture content in the top 110 cm soil layer was determined, taking daily weather data into account. The examinations were carried out on a medium heavy chernozem soil with lime deposits, in a multifactorial experiment at the Latokep Experimental Station of the Center of Agricultural Sciences, Debrecen University, between 1990 and 2004. Annual yield fluctuation is primarily determined by the soil moisture content in the month of July and the water supplies in May, according to regression analysis. The maize yields in the past 15 years could be calculated wit...


Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious illness that may be severe and primarily impacts the lungs. Examining sputum smears under bright field microscopes is one of the simplest and most successful ways to detect TB infection in impoverished nations like India. A method for detecting tuberculosis bacteria from bright-field microscopic sputum smear images is proposed in this work. U-shaped encoder-decoder network architecture (U-Net) is used to first segment the bright field microscopic sputum smear images, and then Random Forest Classification Algorithm is used for final prediction. The detection of bacilli produced results that are comparable to other methods.


Abå Ya#qåb al-BuwayãÊ, the first successor of MuÈammad b. IdrÊs alSh§fi#Ê, made an important but hitherto unappreciated contribution to the formation of the Sh§fi#Ê school of law and the convergence of the rival legal approaches of the traditionalists (ahl al-ÈadÊth) and the rationalists (ahl al-ra"y) over the course of the 3d/9th century. An analysis of the content and transmission history of al-BuwayãÊ's recently discovered Mukhtaßar, the earliest work of secondary Sh§fi#Ê scholarship, demonstrates that (1) the particular interpretation of al-Sh§fi#Ê's teaching developed and transmitted by al-BuwayãÊ was marked by a characteristically traditionalist emphasis on hadith; (2) al-BuwayãÊ's Sh§fi#ism was ultimately methodological in nature, rooted in al-Sh§fi#Ê's legal hermeneutic and the central "hadith principle"; and (3) al-BuwayãÊ's hadith-oriented approach found its most enthusiastic audience among the ahl al-ÈadÊth, to whom it offered a way of engaging in juristic reasoning (ra"y) while maintaining the supremacy of hadith.


Background: There are no Polish data regarding the reasons for and incidence of ICU hospitalisations of HIV-infected patients. The aim of the study was to determine the reasons for and incidence of hospitalisations of HIV-infected patients in the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the Dr W. Bieganski Regional Specialist Hospital in Łodź in the years 2010−2014. Methods: Preliminary research enabled to identify all the patients with laboratory-confirmed HIV, including those hospitalised in the ICU. Patientsmedical records were analysed. Analysis involved epidemiological data, underly- ing diagnosis, coexisting diseases and conditions, as well as biochemical, hematologic, virusologic, bacteriologic, mycologic and immunologic tests. Results: In the years 2010−2014, new HIV infections were diagnosed in 224 individuals; 8 of them required ICU hospitalization (10 hospitalisations) — 5 men (62.5%) and 3 women (37.5%). The age of patients ranged from 24 to 46 years. All the patients were diagnosed with AIDS. Three of them died. The patients with HIV constituted 1.30% of all patients hospitalised in the ICU over the period of 5 years. Conclusions: Low number of HIV-infected patients hospitalised in the ICU in the years 2010−2014 was associated with low HIV incidence rates in the Łodź province and generally available modern antiretroviral therapy rather than restric- tive admission policy. Reasons for admission as well as coexisting diseases and conditions, including opportunistic infections, of patients hospitalised in the ICU in 2010−2014 are similar to those in West European countries and the United Stated.


« How can we make any progress in the understanding of cultures, ancient or modern, if we persist in dividing what the people join, and in joining what they keep apart ? »Arthur M. Hocart (1970 [1952] : 23). The recent exposure of hospitality in the public forum in relation to the 2015 refugee crisis has forced anthropology to return to hospitality, albeit from the disciplinary center. Now more than ever it is clear we must go further in the effort to de-localize and re-localize anthropology ...


Like a number of other Dubliners stories, "Two Gallants" is uncertain on the level of significance because it is fundamentally uncertain on the level of narrative and plot. The story strategically withholds some crucial information from the reader that obliges us to construct a crude scenario of what we think is going on. This scenario-that a repellent young man doubly despoils a young servant girl of "virtue" and money-is readily supported by the story's central trope of a Celtic harp and its mournful song ("Silent, O'Moyle! ... Lir's loneliest daughter / Tells to the night-star her tale of woe" [qtd. in Gifford 59]) to produce an equally crude allegory of Ireland's colonial degradation figured as a complicitous surrender to sexual predation:


A data output control circuit of a semiconductor memory device. The data output control circuit comprises an input signal detector for detecting a desired signal, a controller for selecting one of a plurality of data output buffers and a data output controller for driving the selected data output buffer. A signal for driving and controlling the data output buffer is enabled after the data of a given memory cell is supplied to an input terminal of the data output buffer so that any unnecessary transition operation of data can be eliminated to reduce the current dissipation of a semiconductor memory chip and to prevent the deterioration of data access time for the purpose of improving the yield of the semiconductor memory chip.


A recirculating Gillespie-type still was used to determine the limiting separation factor (K∞) for 2-phenylethanol (x) or 2-phenylethanal (x) + water (1 - x). Since the solutions are highly dilute (x < 10 -5 ), infinite dilution is assumed. The condensed vapor and liquid samples were analyzed using UV spectroscopy. The confidence intervals are very small, and thus the method has a good reproducibility. The calculated limiting activity coefficient depends highly on the reliability of the pure components vapor pressure data.


African Americans have become dominant in sports teams. It was questioned in the Nutritional Sciences Department as to whether there were any outstanding dietary and nutritional characteristics of Howard University's women's basketball, swimming, and volleyball teams to explain this. The teams were 76 per cent Black. The mean body mass index (BMI) among all team members was 22.5. Dietary intakes were essentially unremarkable, but surprisingly, iron intakes were adequate. All teams, however, averaged only 50 per cent of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for calcium. Efforts need to focus on coaches who may encourage a higher intake of dairy products and dark green, leafy vegetables to increase bone health and prevent osteoporosis later in life.


MOTIVATION
Data representation and encoding are essential for classification of protein sequences with artificial neural networks (ANN). Biophysical properties are appropriate for low dimensional encoding of protein sequence data. However, in general there is no a priori knowledge of the relevant properties for extraction of representative features.

RESULTS
An adaptive encoding artificial neural network (ACN) for recognition of sequence patterns is described. In this approach parameters for sequence encoding are optimized within the same process as the weight vectors by an evolutionary algorithm. The method is applied to the prediction of signal peptide cleavage sites in human secretory proteins and compared with an established predictor for signal peptides.

CONCLUSION
Knowledge of physico-chemical properties is not necessary for training an ACN. The advantage is a low dimensional data representation leading to computational efficiency, easy evaluation of the detected features, and high prediction accuracy.

AVAILABILITY
A cleavage site prediction server is located at the Humboldt University http://itb.biologie.hu-berlin.de/ approximately jo/sig-cleave/ACNpredictor.cgi

CONTACT
firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com


Abstract
In this paper, I foreground the concept of economic sovereignty in order to clarify strategies that undergird the practices of, and hindrances to, political sovereignty. I argue that current critical discourses on sovereignty can be significantly furthered with careful examination of the framework of economic strategies that support, and are often driving forces of, these political actions. To illustrate the importance of these complex strategies, I focus on the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians' (EBCI) casino and small-business markets during the volatile years of the Great Recession. This discussion begins by investigating continued Native Nation economic precarity in the context of economic actions taken by US governments specifically with regard to gaming regulation. I then explain the strategic methods by which Native Nations have addressed and mitigated some of these incursions, thereby highlighting how such strategies disrupt the settler–colonial narrative of the agency-less indigenous state. These strategies are enacted at both government and individual levels through (1) the economic development experiences of Native Nations in relation to their distinctive hybrid political–economic governmental structures, such as the EBCI's charter of incorporation that also serves as its national constitution, and (2) the strength of the EBCI small-business market in supporting these efforts. In arguing for this framework of economic strategies, this study contributes to understandings of global indigenous communities' current strengths and vulnerabilities by thoroughly disentangling models of economic sovereignty from economic power, demonstrating how discussions of political economy must engage with issues of economic sovereignty.


Using a combination of a synthetic substrate analogue and product standard, MmfL, a homologue of the γ-butyrolactone biosynthetic enzyme AfsA, was shown to catalyse the condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate with a β-ketoacyl thioester to form a phosphorylated butenolide intermediate in the biosynthesis of the methylenomycin furans, which induce methlenomycin antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). AfsA homologues are also involved in the biosynthesis of 2-akyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl butenolide inducers of antibiotic production in other Streptomyces species, indicating that diverse signalling molecules are assembled from analogous phosphorylated butenolide intermediates.


The EU data regulation will affect computer, Internet, and technology usage within and outside the EU; how it will play out remains to be seen.


This paper describes our research on feedback mechanisms of wearables for supporting indoor landmark identification in the context of blind pedestrians' mobility. It contributes with a promising alternative to audible patterns, which are consistently related to the 'masking phenomenon'. It also contributes with many lessons and insights that could benefit the designer of wearables for blind users. We started from an observational study followed by co-creation workshops with designers and potential users. The resulting prototypes were used in two Case Studies. The first study investigated the occurrence of 'masking', a problem caused by technology that affects negatively the sensorial perception of the wearer. The second study investigated the usefulness of the wearables for the identification of landmarks. The wearable succeeded in both tests for the particular context in which it was used.


Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) is a small marine craft used for underwater observation. Hence, the analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics is important. Hydrodynamic characteristics can be obtained by fluid dynamic visualization and simulation of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). In this paper, ROV Hydrodynamic characteristics begin by forming a three-dimensional (3D) ROV model, forming link elements (mesh) from the 3D ROV model, and forming the computational domain used for CFD simulations. CFD simulations were conducted by analyzing the fluid flow angle variations that represent motion of the ROV, namely translational motion and rotational motion towards the vertical axis (yaw). The simulation results obtained were compared with the previous ROV design that had been developed, so as to obtain an evaluation of the results of the design optimization. The results showed an increase in the hydrodynamic characteristics of the optimal ROV design indicated by the value of drag, pressure distribution, and fluid flow contour.


− This paper describes a simple thermal model of a Permanent–Magnet Tubular Machine, using analytical predictions and comparing them with the experimental results. The electromagnetic behavior is also investigated. These issues are important in order to obtain an optimum design and improved dynamic performances. Few studies on the subject can be found in the technical literature regarding thermal analysis of a Permanent–Magnet Tubular Machine. The results bring out some particularities in the machine's performances, related to the unconventional geometry of the machine.


The Russian situation is key to Eastern Europe if present trends continue. Its strategy for the establishment of the nuclear fuel cycle was conceived decades ago when the former USSR still existed. It was based on the fuel recycle with attention given to the requirements of the military. The former Warsaw Pact Countries (WPC) were not meant to have independent fuel cycles, and their irradiated fuel elements were scheduled to go back to Russian territory. In 1976 a fuel cycle center was built at Mayak/Chelyabinsk, centered on the RT-1 plant with a nominal capacity of 400 tonnes/yr plant for the reprocessing of spent fuel from VVER-440 reactors, fast reactors (BN-350 and BN-600) icebreaker and submarine transport units, research reactors, and other power units. The plan provided for the reprocessing of spent fuel from the WPC all having VVER-440 reactors. All together, 3000 tonnes of spent fuel have been processed there. Nuclear waste went to vitrification. A new reprocessing facility is under construction in the neighborhood of Krasnoyarsk 26, the RT-2 plant. It is scheduled to operate after 2005, and its design capacity is 1500 tonne/yr. A storage for 6000 tonnes of spent fuel from VVER-1000 reactors is in operation sincemore » 1985. A second mixed-oxide plant for VVER-1000 reactors is under consideration. Now, there are no fuel cycle facilities in the newly independent countries. The fuel cycle problems in Eastern Europe and Russia are discussed.« less


Iron is an essential element for all forms of life. Pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, must acquire iron from their host in order to survive. While M. tuberculosis has been shown to uptake host transferrin iron via a siderophore‐mediated mechanism, our laboratory has identified a unique heme uptake pathway in mycobacteria. Here, M. smegmatis is used as a model system to determine the genomic region proposed to be responsible for heme uptake. Thus far, we have deleted a particular region containing seven genes and this mutant only grew in iron supplemented media and not heme. We then complemented our heme uptake mutant with the corresponding genes in M. tuberculosis, and showed that the complementation restored growth in heme supplemented media. Hence, we have identified the genomic region responsible for heme uptake in M. tuberculosis. Additionally, we will present biochemical analyses of the putative hemophore and extracellular domains of MmpL11, a proposed heme transporter, and the possible pathway of transfer of heme from protein to another.


Calcium channel blockers are widely used to treat hypertension because they inhibit voltage‐gated calcium channels that mediate transmembrane calcium influx in, for example, vascular smooth muscle and cardiomyocytes. The calcium channel family consists of several subfamilies, of which the L‐type is usually associated with vascular contractility. However, the L‐, T‐ and P‐/Q‐types of calcium channels are present in the renal vasculature and are differentially involved in controlling vascular contractility, thereby contributing to regulation of kidney function and blood pressure. In the preglomerular vascular bed, all the three channel families are present. However, the T‐type channel is the only channel in cortical efferent arterioles which is in contrast to the juxtamedullary efferent arteriole, and that leads to diverse functional effects of L‐ and T‐type channel inhibition. Furthermore, by different mechanisms, T‐type channels may contribute to both constriction and dilation of the arterioles. Finally, P‐/Q‐type channels are involved in the regulation of human intrarenal arterial contractility. The calcium blockers used in the clinic affect not only L‐type but also P‐/Q‐ and T‐type channels. Therefore, the distinct effect obtained by inhibiting a given subtype or set of channels under experimental settings should be considered when choosing a calcium blocker for treatment. T‐type channels seem to be crucial for regulating the GFR and the filtration fraction. Use of blockers is expected to lead to preferential efferent vasodilation, reduction of glomerular pressure and proteinuria. Therefore, renovascular T‐type channels might provide novel therapeutic targets, and may have superior renoprotective effects compared to conventional calcium blockers.


The Time Lab of the Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB) contains presently 3 Cesium clocks HP5071A with standard tubes, one active H-maser CH1-75 and one passive H-maser CH1-76. A new H-maser CH1-75A has been installed in December 2005, it should replace the CH1-75 for the generation of UTC in the coming months, when it will have reached a sufficient long-term stability. The time laboratory temperature variations are kept smaller than 0.2°C. During the period 2004-2006, the UTC(ORB) time scale was generated from the frequency of the H-maser CH1-75, of which the auto-tuning is based on the 5Mhz frequency from the passive H-maser CH1-76. The monitoring of UTC(ORB) is performed daily from a comparison with the USNO Master Clock MC3 used to steer the USNO Ashtech Z-XII3T receiver (IGS station). This comparison is done using the self-developed RINEX-CGGTTS conversion software using the P3 ionosphere-free combination and IGS rapid and ultra-rapid orbits. The behavior of UTC(ORB) with respect to UTC is shown in Figure1. The epochs of large variations correspond to maintenance of one of the masers due to failures; at these epochs UTC(ORB) was realized by a cesium clock. The ROB also installed a redundant NTP system for distribution of UTC(ORB) via the internet.


In this work, the initial design concept of a 1.0-1.5 MW, longpulse gyrotron operating at 120 GHz, for plasma start-up in the ITER has been presented. Mode competition and mode selection procedures are carried out for various candidate modes and the modes TE24,8 or TE24,7 are chosen as probable operating modes. Cold cavity design and self-consistent and time dependent calculations are carried out for the TE24,8 mode and power and efficiencies are computed. The nominal beam parameters are chosen to give a moderate to low velocity spread. The initial results are indicating that an output power of well over 1.0 MW, CW can be achieved at 120 GHz with the TE24,8 mode as the operating cavity mode. Further investigations to consolidate the design concept are in progress at the time of reporting this paper.


This paper is concerned with the possibilities opened up for Trade Unions by the internet age. The paper analyses forms of resistance, their preconditions and organisational backgrounds. It is argued that polyphonic organisation and, closely linked, new organisational forms, provide a strong basis for power relations and strategies of resistance. The paper starts with a brief introduction to the dispute between the Dockers of Liverpool and the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company. Contextualising the evolving issue in the broader picture of trade union crisis and renewal, the case study is theorised using linguistically informed approaches to management and organisation theory. Introducing these theoretical developments, the potential of new organisational forms for power relations and resistance are elaborated.


Among multiple education theories, collaborative learning instruction was considered as the key factor affecting learning achievement. During the thinking and analyzing process, each member of a collaborative learning group had his/her unique background and characteristics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the instruction for learners with different learning attachment styles in the environment of collaborative problem solving and also investigate the differences of their learning achievement, knowledge dimension and knowledge process by using the standardized instrument "Learning Attachment Inventory" developed based on attachment theory and learning environment. Those learners were categorized into "collaborative group" and "avoidance group" according to the contents they filled in the inventory. The results showed that their learning achievement had improved; the knowledge processes of "avoidance group" were more diverse.


The Orbit Determination Program set has been used at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for nearly half a century to enable precision navigation of interplanetary and earth-orbiting missions and to support a myriad of scientific investigations. Executing this software package successfilly is a challenging task for experienced personnel and a daunting one for junior navigators. The effort described in this paper provides a computer-based, web-enabled instructional and reference tool to aid both experienced and beginning personnel in the art of performing orbit determination with this sofhyare.


Capability of NMR technique to study fracture and elementary destruction acts in polymers is discussed. Tensile stress influences macromolecular mobility As a rule mobility of macromolecules decreases under deformation. So far deformation remains reversible, this effect is reversible, too. As a result of chain micro-Brownian motion hindering under stress the amorphous layers can pass from high-elastic to solid state even at temperatures rather higher than Tg measured under initial conditions. It is mechanical vitrification (not structure changes) that is regarded as the general causes of draw process interruption (destruction of polymer).

Deformation-induced electron emission was detected. It is caused by ionization of stressed chains and tunnel transitions of electrons into deep traps. Influence of molecular mobility on the traps and their destroying under stress are considered.


This paper presents an extensive analysis aimed at quantifying the impact of all the key technology parameters on the upward heat flow in state‐of‐the‐art InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) for various emitter areas and shapes. Extremely accurate thermal simulations are conducted in a relatively short time with a tool relying on a commercial 3‐D finite‐element method (FEM) solver and an in‐house routine for automated geometry construction, optimized mesh generation, sequential solution, and data storing/processing. Design of Experiments is used to define a thermal resistance model as a function of the aforementioned parameters on the basis of a few FEM data.


Legal constraints and high costs on access to technologies have led an increasing number of patients to cross international borders to have children. This phenomenon has rapidly increased in the past few years and Thailand has become one of the major international commercial surrogacy destinations providing assisted reproductive services to individuals from all over the world at affordable costs. Most of the time, reproductive agreements have lead to a positive outcome satisfying all parties involved: intended parents, gestational carriers, private clinics and agencies. In some cases, however, reproductive arrangements have given rise to legal issues and generated controversies in terms of protection of intended children, legal parenthood and enforceability. In order to minimize some of these undesired outcomes, Thai authorities should enforce new legislations to cope with this issue, potentially using United Kingdom or Israel as model. The new legal framework should balance all parties' interests and guarantee a regulated way of engaging in surrogacy in the child's interest เนองจากประเทศไทยยงไมมกฎหมายเกยวกบการตงครรภแทนอยางชดเจนสงผลใหธรกจการทอง เทยวเชงการแพทยเพอการสบพนธในประเทศไทยเตบโตในอตราคอนขางสงชาวตางชาตหลาย ครอบครวเลอกประเทศไทยเปนจดหมายปลายทาง ซงแนวทางปฏบตทใชอยในปจจบนคอขอบงคบ ของแพทยสภาในมาตรฐานการใหบรการเทคโนโลยชวยการเจรญพนธ (ART) ในป 1997 และ 2001(ประกาศ 1/2540 และ 21/2545)  ขอตกลงสวนใหญนำไปสผลประโยชนทดสอดคลองกบทกฝายทเกยวของ: ผทขอใหมการตงครรภแทน, ผตงครรภแทน, สถานประกอบการและหนวยงานทเกยวของในบางกรณการตงครรภแทนอาจกอใหเกดปญหาทางกฎหมายและสรางการถกเถยงกนในแง ของการคมครองเดก, บดามารดาทถกตองตามกฎหมายและวธการบงคบใชเพอทจะลดผลทไมพงประสงคเหลานประเทศไทยควรกำหนดขอกฎหมายใหมเพอ ควบคมปญหาโดยอาจจะใชสหราชอาณาจกรหรอประเทศอสราเอลเปนแนวทางในการรางขอกฎหมายเพอผลประโยชนของทกฝายและทสำคญเพอคมครองเดกทเกดจากการรบตงครรภแทน


TO THE EDITOR: We read with interest the paper by Last et al in a recent issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology. The authors observed that serum selenium concentration at presentation predicted for dose delivery, response to therapy, and long-term survival in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). They speculate that the underlying mechanisms may include prevention of chemoresistance, enhancement of immune function, cytotoxic activity of selenium compounds, and reduction of chemotherapy side effects. They also allude to the possibility that low serum selenium could just be a marker of general nutritional deficiency or an acute phase reactant. However, the authors failed to consider another important possibility; that is, that selenium concentration could be a marker of disease proliferation. From our own data published approximately 15 years ago, we think that this is the most likely explanation. In the first study, we measured serum trace elements in small groups of patients with various hematologic malignancies. Although serum selenium was normal in patients with multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and myeloproliferative disorders, it was apparently decreased in those with Hodgkin's lymphoma or nonHodgkin's lymphoma (not significant). This was later confirmed by others. We then carried out a more detailed study in 50 patients with CLL and 100 normal participants. Although serum selenium was similar overall in CLL patients compared with levels in the controls, levels were significantly lower in Rai stages 3 to 4 compared to Rai stages 0 to 2 (0.079 0.011 v 0.108 0.006 g/mL; P .0390). In addition, serum selenium correlated negatively (P .05) with the lymphocyte count in patients with more than 20 10/L lymphocytes. Therefore, serum selenium seemed to be related to the extent of the disease. However, we emphasized that we could not determine whether differences in selenium levels were responsible for or caused by tumor proliferation. In a final study, serum selenium levels were measured before, during, and after high-dose induction chemotherapy in 70 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Pretreatment serum selenium levels were lower in patients than in controls (0.082 0.033 v 0.097 0.035 g/mL; P .01) and correlated inversely with the absolute peripheral blast cell count (P .001) and other measures of the tumor burden. After 7 days of chemotherapy, selenium increased significantly in proportion to the initial tumor burden (P .01). Thereafter, serum selenium levels remained normal in patients entering a complete remission, whereas levels gradually decreased to baseline values in patients who experienced treatment failure. These data do not lend support to the hypothesis that a low selenium status enhances the risk of developing AML, but indicate that serum selenium levels in patients with AML are mostly dependent on tumor activity. In view of the close relationship with tumor burden and the rapid modifications induced by chemotherapy, a mechanism of selenium sequestration by tumor cells is possible. Some evidence that certain tumors can accumulate selenium has been reported. In their article, Last et al indicate that performance status was the only clinical variable correlating with selenium concentration, but they do not show any data on such associations with stage, serum lactate dehydrogenase, International Prognostic Index, tumor masses, or other factors. In addition, follow-up measurements during chemotherapy would have been most useful. Contrary to the conclusions of the authors, we believe that until all these aspects of selenium metabolism in lymphoma patients are clearly sorted out, incorporation of selenium supplementation into an overall therapeutic strategy is not warranted. It could even have some unforeseen deleterious effects on outcome.


Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic has dramatically affected U.S. schools since March 2020. K–12 schools have put in place various forms of remote learning to continue the education of students. In trying times like these, young students face unique unprecedented challenges. Often, they need parents' and/or guardians' supervision and guidance at home. How can teachers work with young students and their parents or guardians to ensure high‐quality and equitable teaching and learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic? More specifically, how can teachers support young students' word study from home during trying times? An ABC scavenger hunt can be a great activity to support young students' word study while bridging home and school and fostering a positive home learning environment. We share teaching tips developed by a first‐grade teacher over the past several months.


The attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique of spectroscopy in combination with the terahertz technique (THz) is being investigated to find rotatable bonds, which are considered to be one of the rules of thumb given by Veber et al.


Background Small for gestational age (SGA) has been associated with adult cardiovascular disease. Small for gestational age newborns may undergo early aortic wall intima-media thickening (aIMT) in utero. Objective To determine the relationship between SGA as a risk factor for increased aIMT, as a sign of atherosclerosis onset. Methods We conducted a case-control study in the Neonatal Ward and Rooming-in Nursery at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, between April to June 2012. Subjects were allocated to either the case group (aIMT 2: 0.9 mm) or to the control group (aIMT <0.9 mm). Newborns were classified as SGA if their birthweight (BW) was < l O'h percentile, and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) if their BW was between lQth - 90'h percentile, according to the Lubchenco curve. Abdominal aortic intima-media thickness was measured by echocardiography examination. Results The case and control groups consisted of 30 n ewborns each. The proportion of SGA newborns was higher in the case group than the control group. The likelihood of infants in the case group being SGA was significantly higher compared to the control group, with odds ratio of 10.8 (95%CI 3,26 to 35, 72) . The mean aIMT was significantly higher in SGA than in AGA infants, 0.9 (SD 0.16) mm vs. 0.8 (SD 0.13) mm, respectively, with a mean difference of 0, 13 (9 5% CI 0, 050 to 0,209 mm; P"" 0,02). Conclusion Increased aIMT is more likely found in SGA newborns.


Serum IGFBP3 levels were tested in 7 GHD children before the rGH therapy, at the end of the same therapy and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks later. The IGFBP3 concentration returned to the pre-therapy levels only 6 weeks after the end of the therapy.


Among the various technologies that are constructing its pillars deep in the field of engineering, there come the ad-hoc networks. The ad- hoc network can be mobile and wireless network. The devices in ad-hoc networks have connection without any central co-coordinator. Ad-hoc networks are divided into two types' i.e. Mobile ad-hoc networks and Vehicular ad-hoc networks.VANET is the most popular network now days. To increase the efficiency of VANET the work is majorly stressed upon clustering techniques in VANET, as clustering technique ensures higher mobility and stability. Also, the clustering uncomplicated the issues of vehicular nodes by selecting the fittest Cluster Head on the bases of various parameters such as mobility metrics, relative velocity, relative distance or cluster member lifetime etc. Dynamic clustering scheme is stressed upon providing the stability to the VANET network as it possess dynamic topology hence requiring stabilization and longer cluster head lifespan. VANETs present a largest real time application but lacks security, scalability, efficient routing and clustering protocols. The significant aim of the study to stress upon the clustering and to compare the efficient technique out of existing and proposed technique.


An analytical model suggests that the terrestrial and giant planets in the solar system formed moons through a similar process. When a planetary tidal disk—like Saturn's rings—spreads beyond the Roche radius (inside which planetary tides prevent aggregation), satellites form and migrate away. Here, we show that most regular satellites in the solar system probably formed in this way. According to our analytical model, when the spreading is slow, a retinue of satellites appear with masses increasing with distance to the Roche radius, in excellent agreement with Saturn's, Uranus', and Neptune's satellite systems. This suggests that Uranus and Neptune used to have massive rings that disappeared to give birth to most of their regular satellites. When the spreading is fast, only one large satellite forms, as was the case for Pluto and Earth. This conceptually bridges the gap between terrestrial and giant planet systems. There is a good understanding of how Jupiter's Galilean moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto) and Saturn's largest moon, Titan, formed, but the same is not true for the other regular moons of the giant planets. Crida and Charnoz (p. 1196) describe a model whereby most of the regular moons (those with little orbital inclination or eccentricity) in the solar system were born in ancient massive rings that surrounded their planets. This model does not apply to Jupiter, but it can explain the regular moons of the other giant planets, including Titan, and even those of Earth and Pluto. The model further predicts that Uranus and Neptune once had massive, Saturn-like rings, which gave birth to moons and then disappeared.


Purpose: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is an important cause of morbidity for ageing men worldwide. However, the available study is limited on the natural history of BPH and dynamics of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in Sri Lankan population. This study aimed to assess the relationship between serums Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), prostate volume (PV), and PSA density (PSAD) and to evaluate variations of above parameters with aging and to assess the mean prostate volume of Sri Lankan men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Material and methods: This was a retrospective study, men diagnosed with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia from January 2009 was evaluated. This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Colombo South Teaching Hospital and the patient informed written consent was received. Those with UTI, PSA >10ng/dl and suspicious prostate in digital rectal examination (DRE) were excluded from the study. Data were statistically analyzed to determine the relationship of PSA, PV, PSAD and variations with age groups. Results: This study recruited a total number of 562 men, clustered into 5 age groups and their mean Prostate Volume (PV) was 42.9 (12.56SD). The median PSA was 2.5ng/dl with an inter quartile range of 0.37. The mean PSA density (PSA/PV) was 0.11 (0.023SD). The tendency towards increase in PSA and prostate volume with increasing age showed statistical significance (P<0.05). PSA density was not changed much between different age group except 51-60 age group. It is noted PSAD was fluctuating around mean PSAD of 0.11 in majority of the age groups. Conclusion: PV and PSA increase with age. Mean PV is relatively small compare to blacks and Caucasians. .PSA density in Sri Lankan men is comparable to published data in other countries and could be used as a surrogate marker to evaluate the prostate and for therapeutic decision making.


1471 In this issue of The Journal LeRoy and Medsger1 propose criteria for the early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc), arguing that new advances in medical technology provide the opportunity to detect disease in patients who do not meet current criteria for the classification of scleroderma established in 19802. This editorial addresses the value of establishing these new criteria for the classification of scleroderma. Disease can be thought of as a continuous process that spans a varied clinical phenotype from asymptomatic biological abnormalities to a severe life threatening process. Early detection of a disease has many potential advantages including the opportunity to prevent disease progression. The challenge is to have sensitive and specific tools that accurately identify the disease correctly. Incorrect identification of a disease can lead the clinician into the wrong treatment pathway, the patient into a state of undue anxiety, and the scientist into a maze of misdirected efforts. Unfortunately, we often get fooled into the wrong decision in medicine by using our existing diagnostic tools because human disease is complex and the outcomes are unpredictable. An active biological process can be detected that never expresses itself as a clinical disease. For example, patients can have persistent autoantibodies in their serum consistent with an autoimmune process but never develop active disease. We also recognize that a well defined biological insult may cause different clinical problems. For example, hepatitis B infection can occur without symptoms or it can cause a transient rash and polyarthritis, an acute or chronic hepatitis, or a systemic vasculitis. We can also be fooled by tissue responses to different insults that may appear clinically the same. Tissue fibrosis can occur after exposure to certain drugs, infection, chemicals, autoimmune injury, or tissue hypoxia. Even a disease known to be secondary to a single gene defect can express itself differently among patients. For example, the level of fetal hemoglobin produced by the affected patient influences the severity of the expression of sickle cell anemia. SSc (scleroderma) is a complex disease that has a highly variable expression and whose pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Our current bias is that the name "scleroderma" comprises 2 different categories. The most popular classification is to divide scleroderma into 2 subtypes (limited and diffuse) defined by the degree of skin involvement3. The diffuse group has truncal and acral skin involvement. Several previous classifications would have further subdivided "limited scleroderma" into several different groups4-6. Reviews of the merits of a 3-subtype versus 2-subtype classification suggest that patients with sclerodactyly alone are different than patients with more proximal skin changes7,8. These patients have features of the CREST syndrome, have a strong and specific association with anticentromere antibody9,10, have a better longterm survival rate7, are more likely to have severe digital ischemia11, and can present with isolated pulmonary hypertension in the absence of lung fibrosis. However, a panel of experts felt that there were no clear clinical distinctions among patients with limited skin changes to justify more than one group3. Limited scleroderma, therefore, includes the CREST syndrome, the acrosclerosis types I and II scleroderma of Barnett5, systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma, and other variations. It is also argued that the term "CREST syndrome" be replaced by "limited scleroderma" because many of the CREST patients do not have all the features of CREST, and patients with late diffuse cutaneous disease can develop calcinosis and telangiectasia. However, this classification issue should be reexamined in population based longitudinal studies. Not all patients with limited scleroderma have the striking features of CREST syndrome, and autoantibody associations are distinctly different among these patient groups. In addition, many of the patients with limited scleroderma do not meet American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. ACR criteria for a diagnosis of scleroderma insist that the patient have proximal scleroderma skin changes or specific physical findings2. Scleroderma skin changes proximal to Editorial


Abstract
 This study evaluated relationships between the serpentine soil from a waste-rock dump of the abandoned Libiola sulphide mine (NW Italy) and its pioneer vegetation. We identified the tolerance of various species to environmental conditions and evaluated physical or chemical factors that influenced the first plants to colonize this stressful environment. Thirteen sampling sites were identified in the rock dump from characterization of surface or near-surface oxidation zone and vegetation type. Sampling sites were analyzed for slope, pH, mineralogy, soil chemistry, floristic composition, and the percent coverage of each species. In all the plots, species richness and vegetation cover were extremely low. The flora showed an acidophilous character.


High-dose methylprednisolone was initiated at a dose of 1000 mg/day for 3 days followed by 750 mg/day for 4 days, with each dose administered orally early in the morning. Platelet count reached 28,000/mm3 and 31,000/mm3 on the 3rd and 7th days of treatment, respectively. Mucosal and cutaneous bleeding ceased. Methylprednisolone treatment was continued at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 7 days and tapered over a week. Platelet count was 22,000/mm3 on the last day, but bleeding reoccurred 10 days later and platelet count was 3900/mm3.


Basing our empirical study on a sample of corporations listed on Taiwan Stock Exchange and Taiwanfs OTC Securities Exchange between 1981 and 2000, we find that Fama and French(1992) approach, including estimation procedure and the explanatory power of beta, is sensitive to the length of time to estimate pre-ranking beta, the size of grouping portfolio, and the return measurement interval used in estimating post-ranking beta. In addition, the result indicates that monthly beta fails to capture the cross-section of expected returns in Taiwan. However, we have presented evidence that average returns do reflect substantial compensation for beta risk, provided that betas are measured at the quarterly or even larger intervals, for aged firm samples sorted into 36 portfolios. This finding is in support of the view that the beta is still alive in Taiwan.

Keywords: CAPM, security market line, systematic risk, return measurement interval.


The electronic spectrum of GeS has been studied by using ab initio based multireference configuration interaction calculations which include relativistic effective core potentials of Ge and S atoms...


Textbooks and lectures are typically structured around the belief that students learn the same way they would climb a ladder: straight up, one step at a time. Marc Schwartz and Kurt Fischer propose a pyramid and webs of pyramids as far more appropriate and useful metaphors.


The aim of this paper is to provide a general framework and options for the development and preparation of a new property tax law in Palestine. The property tax defines as the property tax as stated in the Income Tax law of 2011, or the law of land and buildings inside municipalities as mentioned in the original law. The need for development of such paper is to consider the various legislations that govern the current situation as a prelude to drafting a new law for the property tax. Another issue here needs to be explored whether to impose a uniform tax on residents within the unit area of local government? or to use multiple taxes and fees differ in terms, bases and method of collections?The paper recommended the need to determine how to deal with the case of rent as well as when the old lessee rent the store to a new one including the goods in it, without changing the lease rate with the original owner. In addition, to regulate the procedures for new developed municipalities and that just transferred from village council status to new joint councils during the transitional period. In addition, there is a need to regulate tax mechanism on the unfinished buildings.


We draw attention to the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender in computing education by examining the experiences of ten American Indian boys (12-14 years old) who participated in introductory computing activities with electronic textiles. To date, the use of electronic textiles (e-textiles) materials in introductory computing activities have been shown to be particularly appealing to girls and women because they combine craft, circuitry, and computing. We hypothesized that e-textiles would be appealing to American Indian boys because of a strong community-based craft tradition linked to heritage cultural practices. In order to understand boys' perspectives on learning computing through making culturally-relevant e-textiles artifacts, we analyzed boys' completed artifacts as documented in photographs and code screenshots, their design practices as documented in daily field notes and video logs of classroom sessions, and their reflections from interviews guided by the following research questions: (1) How did American Indian boys initially engage with e-textiles materials? (2) How did boys? computational perspectives develop through the process of making and programming their own e-textiles artifacts? Our findings highlight the importance of connecting to larger community value systems as a context for doing computing, the importance of allowing space for youth to make decisions within the constraints of the design task, and the value of tangible e-textiles artifacts in providing linkages between home and school spaces. We connect our work to other efforts to engage racial and ethnic minority students in computing and discuss the implications of our work for computer science educators designing computing curricula for increasingly diverse groups of students, especially as pertains to the emerging field of culturally responsive computing.


ABSTRACT The addition of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to the CO2 stream reduces interfacial tension (IFT) between the injected gas and the reservoir oil, and it changes the gas-liquid relative permeability by making it more water-wet, which affects not only the oil mobility, but also the vertical sweep efficiency. The reduction of the IFT decreases vertical sweep efficiency because it enhances the relative permeability of the solvent, resulting in an increase in the viscous gravity number. For CO2-LPG enhanced oil recovery (EOR), oil recovery is enhanced by up to 47%, as compared to CO2 flooding, when the relative permeability change caused by the IFT is not considered. By taking the vertical sweep-out caused by IFT and relative permeability change into consideration, this increase is reduced to 40%. These results indicate the importance of considering the relative permeability and IFT change when predicting the performance of the CO2-LPG EOR process.


In the present work was studied the total phosphorus fluctuation of sweet sorghum plants (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench, variety Keller) and the available phosphorus in the soil. Two treatment practices were followed, the biological and the conventional one. Aim of the study was to ascertain whether the applied soil fertility practices of the biological management were sufficient in terms of the crop's phosphorus nutrition, in order to achieve yields approaching those of the conventional one. Field experiments were conducted at the Patras' University farm (lat. 38o 25׳ B, long. 21o 8׳A) during the period 2003-2004.
The phosphorus uptake of sweet sorghum plants followed a sigmoid variation with time at both treatments as mentioned in literature with plants under conventional treatment taking up slightly higher amounts of phosphorus.
Dry matter growth followed the same sigmoid variation in time at both treatments, according to literature. The total yields reached 24.47 t/ha for the biological treatment and 23.42 t/ha for the conventional one. These values were within the levels reported in literature for conventional treatment of sweet sorghum in southern Europe.
Thus, soil phosphorus management practices had no effect on total above the ground dry matter yields of sweet sorghum. Biological management of phosphorus in the cultivation of sweet sorghum in a soil sufficient in phosphorus gave satisfactory total dry matter yields. Further addition of phosphates during conventional treatment was possibly excessive and may have harmed the environment.


The potential of hydroponic cultivated Chinese cabbage as a kimchi material was evaluated. The hydroponic-grown (HG) Chinese cabbage was heavier in weight, taller in height, wider in width, but less in number of leaves compared with the field-grown (FG) Chinese cabbage. The former showed higher contents of calcium, iron, vitamin A and niacin, and lower lipid and vitamin C than the latter. During fermentation for 28 days at 10℃, FG and HG kimchis showed comparable pH and acidity values, besides that the FG and HG kimchis showed a pH value of 4.2 and 4.0, respectively, at the 14th day. The FG kimchi showed higher numbers of total microbes as well as total and typical lactic acid bacteria than the HG kimchi at the 7th day. However, both kimchis did not show any difference at 14th day. There was no significant difference in the L^* value between FG and HG kimchis. However, HG kimchi showed a more reddish hue than FG kimchi between the 7th and 14th day of fermentation. In sensory evaluation, the HG kimchi revealed a slightly more sour taste and a less crispy texture than the FG kimchi at the 14th day. However, both kimchis did not show any difference in overall quality until the 2 lst day of fermentation.


A new fuzzy inference system is discussed, that is to say, a method of fuzzy control based on niche model. The basic concept and methods of niche are introduced.Using the similarity measures, the capabilities of the living's self-learning and self-organization are joined in fuzzy system, gaining the fuzzy system which has the meaning of niche. At the same time the system' universal approach is reasoned, the system is utilized to research the function approach, good results are gained.


This paper proposes and specifies a new method for distributing and managing secure group keys in Wireless environments, which applies for the Secure Optimized Node Link Routing method (SONLR). Our Method manages group keys taking into consideration the frequent network partitions and the absence of infrastructure. The analysis shows that the method is energy efficient for high key replacement rates and frequent network partitions. When using physical routing to solve the multicast problem, the most challenging question is to decide when the message should be replicated into different packets. The best solution is to route the message using a common path among all destinations, and then to replicate it at the end of this path. Of course, the difficulty lies in determining the best common path by using only local information at each hop. We have using an Energy Efficient Group key management for secure data processing on network. A provably secure method in the new key management paradigm and perform extensive experiments in the context of wireless networks. In the proposed method after insertion of the public group encryption key in the first run, the subsequent encryption by the sender and the decryption by each receiver are both of constant complexity, even in the case of member changes or system updates for rekeying. So during data transfer if any node link or node is failure means the key is replace for another node so neighborhood node to take all process in network using SONRL.


The Bridge is closed in foggy weather,which brings much inconvenience to people and also cause economic havoc.To resolve those problems,the bridge traffic inducement issue is mainly discussed in the article.Grade administration idea is constructed,and different speed is permitted by different visibility.And radio frequency identification,RFID,is used to monitor and induce bridge traffic.The inducible system breaks the block and at the same time can monitor drivers,which improve the watchfulness and responsibility of drivers to ensure traffic safety.


TiE question of the valuation of cereals in regard to total amylase content, even in the period before their germination, is very important both from the theoretical and the practical points of view. It is well known that apart from free amylase, which can be extracted by the use of water from ungerminated cereals, there are also large quantities of bound amylase which are inactive and which cannot be extracted, but which are freed during the process ofgermination, excluding of course from consideration the possibility of the formation of new quantities of amylase during this process. In order to determine the content of bound amylase, papain is usually added [Ford and Guthrie, 1908]. Our researches have shown that the action of papain can be partially replaced by that of eluants [Chrzaszcz and Janicki, 1933], especially in the case of malt. It has further been shown that apart from papain, there are other proteolytic enzymes which can be used, trypsin being a special case in point [Chrzpszcz and Janicki, 1934,1,2]. The present authors have also shown [1935] that chymosin (rennin) can likewise be used for the determination ofbound amylase content in ungerminated cereals as this, especially with some cereals, has a greater influence upon increases in the active amylase than papain. In addition, it has been demonstrated in the papers referred to above that the decomposition of the proteins of the various cereals depends on the type of enzyme used, this having been shown particularly in the case of the decomposition of the protein of oats by rennin [1935]. Following this line of approach we were able to extend the observations of Blagovestshensky [1934] on the specific action of the proteolytic enzymes. If it be accepted that amylase is really bound by the protein of the ungerminated cereal, and that the protein of a given type of cereal is decomposed most strongly by the proteolytic enzyme of the same origin, then it might be expected that by using these enzymes the greatest quantity of bound amylase would be extracted. The researches of Mendel and Blood [1910], Willstatter and Grassmann [1924; 1925], and Grassmann and Dyckerhoff [1928] have demonstrated that the plant proteolytic enzymes become active under the influence of sulphuretted hydrogen. The researches of the present authors upon the influence of H2S on the quantity of amylase in ungerminated cereals have shown tbat this gas must have a specific action on amylase [1935-36]. On this basis it proved possible to elaborate a method of determining the amylase content by the use of H2S.


Embedded into the communication protocols, the signal change detection will allow data compression for improving network efficiency. It enhances reliability and security also. The proposed change detector employs a neural network function prediction in order to determine if the sensor outputs have changed In addition to the change detection system, a modification to a standard neural network function predictor is proposed that allows the change detection system to quickly learn how to accurately predict next sensor outputs. The parameter choice and the relationship between the threshold values and false alarm and change missing rates are studied The protocol is implemented and tested in real life environments with sensor networks built from Crossbow MICA-2 motes. Sensor network change detection system, which is designed to become a protocol core utility, is described The test results are analyzed and recommendations on applications are derived.


This paper examines recent changes in weekly income levels and dispersion for Māori, New Zealand's indigenous ethnic group. Changes in the Māori income distribution between 1997 and 2003 reflect rapid increases in economic growth and employment rate. A reduced proportion of people had zero or benefit-level incomes and a higher proportion had high incomes. Income inequality declined for working-aged Māori and was stable for employed Māori. The average income gap between Māori and Europeans declined. The increased Māori employment rate during this period was the single most important driver of changes in the Māori income distribution.


The baby boomer generation is quickly moving to the time of retirement. Signs point to the need for boomers to assume more responsibility for their financial security in retirement. In general, older women today do not have the financial resources that men do and are poorer in retirement. Conditions seem to be pointing to the fact that boomer women are moving in that direction as well. However, women seem to prepare less for retirement. This article looks at some of the reasons for women's lack of planning and saving for financial security in retirement. Economic and psychosocial reasons that contribute to this lack of preparation are examined, and some recommendations for change are suggested.


Abstract Introduction The concept of consent in the pediatric setting is complex and confusing. Clinicians and researchers want to know whose consent they should obtain, when a child can provide independent consent and how that is determined. The aim of this article is to establish what produces the justification to proceed with medical or research interventions involving children and the role of consent in that. I clarify concepts such as consent, assent, capacity and competence. Source of data Literature review. Areas of agreement Engaging with children and involving them in decisions about matters that affect them is a good thing. Areas of controversy The role of competence or capacity and the question of when a child can provide sole consent. Growing points Flawed assumptions around competence/capacity. Areas for developing research An account of children's well-being that accommodates children's interests during the transition to adulthood.


This paper empirically investigates whether there is a negative relationship between the impact of terrorism in a country and national morality. A negative relationship between terrorism and national morality is predicted to exist, because it is reasoned that, in general, greater national morality leads to higher individual and social costs of terrorism, and to lower individual and social benefits from terrorism. Given the standard neoclassical assumption of rationality, an increase in the cost benefit ratio of terrorism due to increased national morality means that, with increased national morality, individuals will rationally choose to engage in less terrorism.The paper uses cross country regression analysis on contemporary data to test these ideas. It regresses the impact of terrorism on national morality and other variables. The results of the empirics of the paper are consistent with the key theoretical hypothesis. They show that the impact of terrorism is negatively associated with national morality.


Background. The system of accurate microbiological diagnostics of PJI for timely identification of infectious inflammatory complications after total joint replacement and distinguishing between PJI and aseptic infection has not been yet defined which is associated with the pathogenesis of PJI.
The Aim of the study is to define valuable microbiological diagnostic criteria for PJI and estimate diagnostic value of various clinical specimens with the account to pathogenetic features of infectious complications after primary total knee replacement.
Material and Methods. We analyzed 412 specimens of various clinical origin obtained from 182 patients with deep PJI after primary total knee replacement treated at the Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery of Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University in 2014-2018, both retro- and prospectively.
Results and Discussion. Fistula, aspirate and superficial wound specimens taken from the joint cavity have not been proven to have any diagnostic value for PJI. Optimized microbiological algorithm included prolonged culture time, the complex of 3-5 tissue bioptate cultures and implant sonication which allowed obtaining more valuable results for PJI diagnostics. Tissue bioptates and lavage fluid specimens tests were the most sensitive methods for PJI diagnostics with sensitivity of 81% and 95% and specificity of 96% and 97% respectively, especially in case of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Gram-negative bacteria frequently appearing in the biofilm form at PJI.
Conclusions. Complex assessment of obtained results and optimization of microbiological methods allow obtaining sufficient diagnostic accuracy of PJI.


In terms of innovations and their contribution to increasing the quality of everyday life of individuals, as well as the improvement of the business of companies, it is undoubtedly necessary to significantly consider the concept of "Internet of Things". In this paper, the basic principles of Internet of Things will be presented, as well as the possibilities of applying this concept in order to improve the everyday business of companies. Bosnia and Herzegovina is far from the rest of the economies in which IoT is in use and the application of which is constantly increasing. "Internet of Things" makes things "think", and "be smart". Through the collection of data, the algorithms of artificial intelligence and their networking, the circle of communication between things is closed, and the human factor is excluded.


The purpose of this study was to replicate previous findings regarding the association between feedback seeking and the individual difference constructs of tolerance of ambiguity and locus of control, using unique measures of said individual differences. Namely, while previous feedback seeking research used Norton's (1975) tolerance of ambiguity measures, this study used Budner's (1962) measure to capture facets of tolerance of ambiguity not captured by Norton's measure. Locus of control was measured using Rotter's (1966) dispositional measure while previous feedback seeking research relied on experimentally creating conditions of perceived control. This study used a laboratory setting. Respondents, 137 undergraduates at a U.S. university, were told they were taking a management aptitude test and were measured as to their interest in feedback and feedback sought on said test. Feedback seeking was measured three different ways -- self-reported behavior, observed (by the researcher) behavior, and respondents' indication of intent to seek feedback. Contrary to expectations, tolerance of ambiguity was positively, rather than inversely, associated with feedback seeking. There was not a significant relation between locus of control and feedback seeking. Self-reported feedback seeking differed from observed feedback seeking.


In recent years,a practice of accounting information management is becoming more and more severe.In this paper,such a practice is analyzed from the perspective of external accounting control with a mixed method deriving from Behavior Science and Information Economics.The measure is also suggested to improve the current accounting control enviroment in China.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate cell proliferation in platelet‐enriched collagen plugs with and without addition of amniotic fluid‐derived heterologous foetal cells to seal an iatrogenic membrane defect in the foetal rabbit model.


Ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) are fundamental tools in conducting both deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard assessments. These equations are developed to predict the intensity of ground shaking for a given earthquake, particularly the combination of magnitude and source-site distance. GMPEs are furthermore central in developing earthquake loading codes used for the design of large engineered structures. A major revision of Australia's National Seismic Hazard Assessment is currently underway. It is therefore timely in developing a new hybrid based approach to GMPE, particularly important for Australia that experiences low to moderate seismicity and lacks vast amounts of strong motion records required in an empirical approach. A key aspect of any GMPE is the attenuation behaviour. Attenuation behaviour of ground shaking due to an earthquake is a complicated interaction between rupture propagation, direction and energy release, as well as material it passes through. These basic properties can be modelled to form a GMPE for a given region, mechanism and method of modelling. Typically, such attenuation factors can be classed into regional (properties of seismic waves generated at source), local (extent of amplification and attenuation) and site (filtering mechanics of the bedrock layers) factors. In low to moderate seismic regions, most GMPEs use any available data, but also heavily rely on stochastic approaches to generate sufficient data for modelling. In Australia three existing GMPEs have been developed; the Liang model [1] specifically for south-western Western Australia; Somerville models [2], one for Cratonic Australia and the other for NonCratonic Australia; and Allen model [3] for south-eastern Australia. These models use a stochastic approach and therefore lack empirical data. Another approach applied in Australia is the Component Attenuation Model (CAM). CAM is a framework by which a generalised attenuation model is derived from stochastic data of seismological properties rather than recorded earthquake data. This model comprises a series of component factors that represent effects of the source, wave travel path and material it passes through. The CAM technique has been successfully compared with real earthquake data from PEER strong-motion databases, as well as pilot case studies in parts of Australia and Southeast Asia. The purpose of this paper is to model the GMPEs using a hybrid GMPE approach (investigated by Campbell [4]) as well as CAM approach, then compare Australian GMPEs and PEER-NGA models with available Australian recorded data. Discussion focusses on the models with better comparisons to Australian data and explores the underlying assumptions or requirements used in each case. Analysis shows that the attenuation is over estimated by the models in the 10 – 100 km range and the 5% damped acceleration spectra are inconsistent in the 0.3, 0.5 and 1second periods. As this range of distance and period of structures are highly crucial for major Australian cities there is a requirement to produce an improved GMPE model for Australia.


Life insurance has been the driving force behind the development of the Russian insurance market in recent years. The types of life insurance that are significant insurers in Russia include not only insurance protection for the population, but also compliance with the requirements for increasing financial resources, and thus high economic indicators of human welfare. The article provides a statistical analysis of the development of insurance in Russia on a special rise, which showed a progressive increase in insurance premiums and international agreements to identify risks. Also, it was found that the predominant types are accumulative and investment life insurance, which allow not only to provide insurance protection, but also implement accumulative and investment functions. At the same time, a significant territorial differentiation of insurance premiums for life insurance in Russia and a low level of its penetration were determined.

The work systematized the studies of economists devoted to the indication of the determinants of the development of life insurance. An attempt was made to estimate the determinants according to Russian data. The authors built econometric models that allowed to determine the main factors influencing the development of life insurance as a way to strengthen the financial position of an individual in Russia.

As a result of the study, it was revealed that at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the determinants of demand are both social and economic factors. The stable regressors, significant in all constructed models, were the gross regional product per capita, the average monthly accrued wages, the female population and the number of unemployed. Also significant in some models were the population size and the level of education of the able-bodied population.


We report a new approach of using dispersed water phase gelation as a mode to create oil continuous emulsion gels. The low temperature gelation property of synergistic hydrocolloid combinations was exploited to develop elastic soft solids using only food-grade components.


An 8-year-old girl with Landau-Kleffner syndrome failed to respond to antiepileptic drugs and steroids but showed clinical and EEG improvement after intravenous g-globulin therapies at the American University of Beirut School of Medicine, Lebanon.


This paper presents a design procedure for hierarchical robot controllers which are representable by a class of automata known as locally finite topological automata. At the heart of the design procedure is an algorithm known as the factorization algorithm which allows the decomposition of the controller into hierarchies that are abstractions of the control specifications for the robot controller. The paper also discusses some possible implementation architectures for the controller.


Objective To analyze the clinical and radiographic characterstics of ureteral polyps with hydronephrosis in children.Methods Thirteen patients with ureteral polyps and hydronephrosis were studied retrospectively.All patients underwent abdominal plain film,intravenous pyelogram(IVP)and ultrasound(US)examinations,contrast-enhanced CT scan was performed in 10 cases.Results Intermittent or recurrent abdominal pain with painless hematuria was presented in most cases.Hydronephrosis was demonstrated in radiographic images.IVP delineated the dilatation of the ureter and filling defects within the ureteral lumen in 5 cases.Computed tomography(CT)showed all abnormal changes of ureter and irregular intraluminal soft tissue masses in 6 cases.Moderate and low echoic structures were showed in ureters by US in 2 cases.Conclusion US and CT,as an important imaging modalities,can improve the diagnostic accuracy for ureteral polyps.


Objective:To make a study of the influence of fatty liver on coronary heart disease.Method:The relationships between fatty liver and body weight index(BWI),average blood pressure,total Cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),smoking and drinking were studied out of 1380 middle aged and elderly people.Relationships among fatty liver;obesity and blood pressure;hypercholesterolemia and triglyceride were analysed.Result:There exists significance(P0.05) in the sick rate of fatty liver in people with normal physique(BWI28kg/m2) and obese physique(BWI≥28kg/m2)(0.09% and 28.1% respectively).There are obvious correlations between fatty liver and triglyceride(OR=3.398,P0.01;and high-cholesterol levels(OR=1.579,P0.05).In analyzing the relationship among obesity,fatty liver,and coronary heart disease,we find that the rate of coronary heart disease in fatty liver group is higher than that in obese group.Conclusion: In middle aged people,fatty liver is closely associated with coronary heart disease.


Abstract. Muricate planktonic foraminifera comprise an extinct
clade that was diverse and abundant in the Paleogene oceans and are widely
used in palaeoclimate research as geochemical proxy carriers for the upper
oceans. Their characteristic wall texture has surface projections called
"muricae" formed by upward deflection and mounding of successive layers of
the test wall. The group is generally considered to have lacked "true
spines": that is, acicular calcite crystals embedded in and projecting from
the test surface such as occur in many modern and some Paleogene groups.
Here we present evidence from polished sections, surface wall scanning
electron microscope images and test dissections, showing that radially
orientated crystalline spine-like structures occur in the centre of muricae
in various species of Acarinina and Morozovella and projected from the test wall in life. Their
morphology and placement in the wall suggest that they evolved
independently of true spines. Nevertheless, they may have served a similar
range of functions as spines in modern species, including aiding buoyancy
and predation and especially harbouring algal photosymbionts, the function
for which we suggest they probably first evolved. Our observations
strengthen the analogy between Paleogene mixed-layer-dwelling planktonic
foraminifera and their modern spinose counterparts.


The Tofu Liquid Waste (TLW) as a pollution might be processed into biogas which was environmentally friendly and had potential to replace burning wood or oil. However, the waste could not directly be employed as the biogas substrate due to the high ni trogen content which was not suitable to the methan ogen microorganism on the biogas digester and did not pr oduce biogas. It was therefore necessary to adapt t he carbon-nitrogen ratio in TLW with the addition of o ther organic materials that had a lower nitrogen co ntent so it would be a suitable substrate for generating biogas. The research was aimed to evaluate the addi tion of the other organic material on the TLW to increase t he biogas production. The results showed that TLW combined with sheep dung, cabbage waste, bamboo leaves and paddy straw respectively produced biogas as much as 14,183, 7,250, 2,400, 895 cm 3 in 20 days. The 4 treatments gave the same quality of biogas, which was determined using the water boiling test. The pH fluctuation during the process was in the right pH for anaerobic digestion, thus it was not the limiting f actor.


New, past, or, in development, are common attributes given to the Metaverse concept. Possibly it is all of that, but the most important is how we perceive it. Our lives are being influenced and transformed by technology which has a huge impact on our social, physical, and virtual representations. Regarding what many authors say about this concept we may question: how do real people represent the Metaverse? The main objective of this study is to analyze how Portuguese adults think and feel about this concept. To achieve this goal, two focus groups were conducted, with a total of 8 participants - Portuguese adults, all of them digital gamers. The results showed us expected and unexpected findings that probably rely on the (still in development) definition of what is and what will be the Metaverse. The results will offer us a deep understanding of which concepts can be more relevant for our research, as items and dimensions to be considered in a Ph.D. research in development.


The spectral computed tomography (CT) based on photon counting detectors can collect the incident photons with different energy ranges. However, due to the low photon counts in narrow energy bin and the unhomogeneous response problem of detector cells, there are severe noise and ring artifacts in reconstructed spectral CT images. We proposed an image denoising and ring artifacts removal method via improved Fully Convolutional Pyramid Residual Network (FCPRN). In our study, we scanned a mouse specimen with spectral CT based on photon counting detector, and reconstructed mouse CT images as data set. Then we use the data set to train our network for image denoising and ring artifacts removal. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method could reduce noise and suppress ring artifacts of spectral CT images concurrently in different energy ranges. And the performance of the FCPRN is better than that of some networks for CT image denoising.


We determine the Chow rings of the complex algebraic groups of the exceptional type E_6, E_7, and E_8, giving the explicit generators represented by the pull-back images of Schubert varieties of the corresponding flag varieties. This is a continuation of the work of R. Marlin on the computation of the Chow rings of SO_n, Spin_n, G_2, and F_4. Our method is based on Schubert calculus of the corresponding flag varieties, which has its own interest.


In many applications of power quality monitoring, distributed measurement systems are required to provide an evaluation of the harmonic status of the system. Anyway, in distribution systems, only a few network nodes can, with acceptable costs, be equipped with measurement devices. As a consequence, lack of information has to be covered by means of suitable Harmonic State Estimation (HSE) techniques. An optimization algorithm is proposed to deals with the problem of choosing, at the lowest possible cost, the optimal number and position of measurement instruments. Such devices should allow HSE algorithms to provide results having a prefixed level of accuracy. Both the uncertainty introduced by the measurement devices and the tolerance in the knowledge of the network parameters (line impedances) are taken into account in the proposed approach. Simulation results on a benchmark distribution network show the validity of the proposed approach.


Wealth owned by Hispanic families would triple in inflation-adjusted terms by 2025 if wealth-building trends observed during the past two decades resume. This would raise the share of total wealth owned by Hispanics to a new high. However, most Hispanic families would remain far less wealthy than white and Asian families. A substantial portion of the increased wealth would result from the Hispanic population growing faster than other groups, rather than from per-capita increases in wealth alone. And there is reason to be cautious about extrapolating previous wealth trends far into the future. Thus, the wealth outlook for Hispanic families is promising but far from certain.


The aim of this paper is to prove that a large class of quaternionic slice regular functions result to be (ramified) covering maps. By means of the topological implications of this fact and by providing further topological structures, we are able to give suitable natural conditions for the existence of k -th (cid:2) -roots of a slice regular function. Moreover, we are also able to compute all the solutions which, quite surprisingly, in the most general case, are in number of k 2 . The last part is devoted to compute the monodromy and to present a technique to compute all the k 2 roots starting from one of them.


Because high stakes are now attached to standardized assessments of student progress, policy makers, administrators, practitioners, and parents must understand how to most effectively and accurately measure the performance of all students, including students with learning disabilities (LD). To accomplish this, test accommodations are provided on an individual basis that are intended to mediate the impact of a student's disability. The purpose of this article was to examine policy and guidelines related to accommodations among states and to review research related to the effectiveness of accommodations for students with LD. Findings showed that there continues to be large variability among states regarding allowed testing accommodations and that although there has been an increase in research conducted related to the effectiveness of accommodations for students with LD in the past decade, empirical evidence remains sparse and findings are often inconclusive. Implications are discussed.


We present the optical properties of a gain enhanced, highly sensitive, InP/InGaAs, heterojunction phototransistor (HPT) 1 by 16 array with two terminal configurations for near IR light detection. To increase optical gain and responsivity, the HPT's epitaxial layer structure was optimized as the collector doping reduced and the collector thickness increased. By placing the absorber in the collector depletion region of an HPT, the photogenerated current is electrically amplified, giving the device gain. The device exhibited significant optical responsivity of 280 A/W which is significantly higher than that of reported HPTs and conventional PIN photodetectors with the same light absorbing area. Although this device shows high optical gain and responsivity, the optical cut-off frequency of the HPT was measured to be 6.1 GHz, which is enough speed for most optical applications.


Most complications that may occur in response to vascular injury of endovascular and open vascular procedures are due to intimal hyperplasia. To a certain extent, intimal hyperplasia is present in all types of vascular reconstruction, including autologous grafts, allografts, and prosthetic grafts found in solid organs transplanted, having a substantial role in chronic rejection and following angioplasty with or without stenting. One of the greatest developments in recent years towards prevention of intimal hyperplasia is the use of ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation inhibits proliferation of many cell types including fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in vitro, and also suppresses the synthesis of collagen by cultured fibroblasts. Animal models have been a cornerstone to develop strategies aimed at understanding the basic physiopathologic mechanisms of intimal hyperplasia and at evaluating novel treatment strategies for clinical conditions. So, the aim of this study was to analyze animals models of intimal hyperplasia, type of injury, artery segments most used, as to the effects of different kinds and sources of ionizing radiation.


Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) also known as Mandibulo facial dysostosis or Treacher Collins-Frances chetti syndrome, is an a typical autosomal dominant disorder of craniofacial development affecting the development of structures derived from the first and second brachial arches during early embryonic development.It is conspicuous at birth and it is caused by a mutation in the TCOF1 (Treacle ribosome biogenesis factor1) gene on chromosome 5. Prevalence of TCS is 1:50,000. Half of cases arise as the sporadic mutation and the rest are familial. Here we present a case report of TCS with their extraoral and intraoral findings, their radiographic findings and treatment plan. We have also discussed about etymological factors, clinical features, differential diagnosis and multidisciplinary approach.


To reduce the risk to health and the environment in the handling of hazardous health waste, it is necessary to develop a Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for the management of Health Services Waste (RSS) that include ensuring correct disposal practices and packaging of waste. hospital. However, hospital waste can cause serious environmental damage, and are potentially more dangerous because they contain chemical and biological residues. In addition, these residues constitute a danger of harm to people's health. It is pointed out that the general objective is to develop and apply RSS SOP in which it encourages its correct management and know-how among the employees of a children's hospital in Manaus-AM. The methodology applied regarding the approach is qualitative-quantitative data, of the descriptive type, and the research procedures are a case study of the Children's hospital Dr. Fargado (HIDF). According to data obtained, the RSS from groups A, B and E are the main waste collected in the health unit of the children's care network, and are potentially dangerous because they present a risk to the health of HIDF employees and patients. The research also elaborated and presented a SOP on the management of RSS at Children's hospital Dr. Fajardo for the outpatient sector. The document consists of information such as: waste classification; symbology; packaging; collection and transport; internal RSS management flow; recommended treatments for health waste; risks associated with accidents; and recommendations on health and safety at work in a health unit. Such data are essential for building meaningful knowledge among all people, including staff and patients, about the risks of HSR. The implementation of the SOP on the management of RSS to HIDF employees took place in September, in which employees gained essential knowledge, since safe waste management protects hospital staff, the public and the local environment.


The a and I subunit genes encoding chorionic gonadotropin (CG) are regulated transcriptionally in placental cells by cyclic AMP (cAMP). The regulatory response sequences of the a gene have been studied extensively. Similar studies of the CG j8 subunit (CGI) gene have not been possible because transcriptionally active sequences have not been identified in the clones isolated to date. The CGi subunit genes form a complex cluster of seven structurally similar genes that include six CG,(-like genes and a single luteinizing hormone J subunit (LHj8) gene. We isolated overlapping clones containing the entire CGO/LHP gene cluster (68 kilobases) from a human genomic cosmid library. The organization of the gene cluster was similar to that found in previous analyses, as determined by Southern blots of genomic DNA, but differed from some of the gene assignments, as determined by fragments cloned in A phage. The 5'-flanking sequence of the most active CGP gene (CGI5) was linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) coding sequence for analyses of transient expression in different cell types. CG(3CAT was expressed preferentially in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells, and expression was markedly stimulated by treatment with 8-bromo-cAMP. Deletion mutagenesis of the CGj8 5'-flanking sequence revealed that multiple regions were required for maximal expression. The kinetics for cAMP stimulation of aCAT and CGISCAT expression were different, suggesting that different pathways may be involved in cAMP-stimulated expression of the a and CGOi genes.


inevitable. This does not necessaril y mean abandoning the goals of antidiscrimination and equal opportunity. A case could be made that we have asked aff irmative action programs to bear too much practical and symbolic weightthat we have neglected other ways of fi ghting discrimination, and relied excessively on affirmative action at the expense of a broader equal opportunity agenda. (Indeed, some critics have charged that the latter represents a delib erate strategy of "equal opportunity on the cheap.") Still , we must acknowledge that there are pe rmanent impediments to realizing the dream of equal opportunity-limit ations not just of resources and will , but stemming also from values deeply rooted in the ethos of liberal democracy. Achieving full y equal opportuni ty would require equali zing all factors that affect the development of talents. As philosophers since Plato have observed, this would imply (among other things) highly intrusive and coercive government action to correct for the differential impact of such variables as family background and culture. The history of the affirmative action debate confirms that we can neither avoid nor full y erase the tension between equal opportunity and personal liberty.


Through undergoing Industrial Revolution in 18th century, British were devoted to the overseas expansion for the raw materials and marketing; therefore began the safari and emigration. In the mid-19th century, because of the coming of the British, people in the East Asia Area encountered with the British culture. In 1860, the British established the Concession at Tianjin according to the Convention of Peking between Qing and British Empire after defeating the late Qing Authority. Therefore, some British emigrated into the Concession at Tianjin, and introduced the Horse Racing into this Northern China city. After 1886, Detring(1842-1913), the chairman of British Concession at Tianjin, propagated Horse Racing and made it popular among the foreigners in Tianjin Concessions though the Chinese people were prohibited from the Racing Club. In 1925, May 30th Movement made a great impact on the Sino-British relation; the Tientsin Racing Club therefore was partially opened for high-class Chinese people. Horse Racing involving gambling was more popular among Chinese of Tianjin, which brought them a hope of becoming wealthy; however, it caused some social problems, such as people tend to opportunistic, family bankruptcy, and so on. British Horse Racing affected Jai Alai of Italy Concession at Tianjin as well, which contributed to the harmful climate of prevailing gambling activities. Japan invaded China in 1937, concurrently dominated the Foreign Concessions at Tianjin, and took over the Tientsin Racing Club in 1941.


THIS UNIT TO MONITOR OPTICAL RACE TOOL 20 ALONG A LINE MOVEMENT ON A WORKPIECE 26 INCLUDES LIGHT SOURCE 32 TO PROVIDE LIGHT RAYS BEAM PARALLEL 33 SOURCE 32 LIGHT BEING mOUNTED ON TOOL 20 SO aDJACENT TO THE TOOL REAR 20; A REFLECTOR 34 POSITIONED PARALLEL THINKING AT LEAST PART OF PARALLEL RAYS OF LIGHT BEAM 33 LEADS ON LINE MOVEMENT OF THE TOOL 20 SO THAT THE LIGHT OF PARTING IS ESSENTIALLY 31 PROJECTED CUT IN TWO BY LINE MOVEMENT ; CAMERA AND 42 WITH OPTIONAL FILTER 60 SELF-CORRELATION ESTABLISHING AN IMAGE PARTING 31 PROJECTED LIGHT ON WORKPIECE 26 EVEN IF THE TOOL IS 20 FOR EXAMPLE WELDING MACHINE CONTINUOUS SEALS PRODUCT THAT SPARKS THE VISUAL FIELD THROUGH THE CAMERA 42.


The multilayered printed circuit board, the IC chip 20 and the built in advance in the core substrate 30, the pad 24 to the IC chip 20 is to form the transition layer 38. Therefore, without using lead members and a sealing resin, it is possible to take an electrical connection with the IC chip to the multilayer printed circuit board. In addition, the connection characteristics and reliability of the die pad 24 by providing the transition layers 38 made of copper on each, it is possible to prevent resin residues on the pad 24, the pad 24 and the via hole 60, improve. The multilayer printed wiring board