The European Research Infrastructure IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System; responds to the increasing requests for long-term, routine in-situ observational data by using commercial passenger aircraft as measurement platforms. The infrastructure is built from two complementary approaches: The "CORE" component comprises the implementation and operation of autonomous instruments installed on up to 20 long-range aircraft of international airlines for continuous measurements of important reactive gases and greenhouse gases, as well as aerosol particles, dust and cloud particles. The fully automated instruments are designed for operation aboard the aircraft in unattended mode for several months and the data are transmitted automatically. The complementary "CARIBIC" component consists of the monthly deployment of a cargo container equipped with instrumentation for a larger suite of components. The CARIBIC container has equipment for measuring ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, water vapor and airborne particles. Furthermore the container is equipped with a system for collecting air samples. These air samples are analyzed in the laboratory. For each sample measurements for more than 40 trace gases including CFC's prohibited by the Montreal protocol, and all greenhouse gases are performed.


Phosphinimines, R3P=NSiMe3, undergo hydrolysis to form the phosphiniminium cation, R3P=NH2, which forms the ion pair [R3P=NH2][X] in the presence of an anion. Preliminary studies show that in the presence of TcO4, Ph3P=NSiMe3 forms [Ph3P=NH2][TcO4] and [Ph3P=NH2] is selective for TcO4 over other anions. Technetium-99 is present as environmental contamination in the form of TcO4, which is extremely mobile. Currently available methods to measure this contamination are time consuming and tedious. A method to preconcentrate and measure Tc environmental contamination in a quick and efficient manner is needed. The selectivity of the phosphiniminium cation for TcO4 may make phosphinimines suitable for such preconcentration and possibly for measurement. Several phosphinimines were synthesized and characterized for their stability and selectivity with TcO4, including Ph3P=NSiMe3, (9-anthracenyl)Ph2P=NSiMe3, (1-napthyl)Ph2P=NSiMe3, and (p-COOMe)C6H4Ph2P=NSiMe3. (9-anthracenyl)Ph2P=NSiMe3 and (1-napthyl)Ph2P=NSiMe3 include possible reporter groups and (p-COOMe)C6H4Ph2P=NSiMe3 contains a linking moiety for incorporating reporter groups or attaching the phosphinimine to a polymer support. The use of internal and external reporter groups to generate a signal in the presence of TcO4 is also investigated.


This paper investigates the application of high capacity watermarking in still images. The performance of two orthogonalisation schemes and one writing-on-dirty-paper scheme are discussed. Orthogonalisation is an embedding technique which uses sequences that are orthogonal to the cover image modulating the payload information. Writing-on-dirty- paper uses the codewords which have the maximum cross- correlation of the cover image to carry the message. Aspects of comparison are: 1) watermark fidelity, 2) payload capacity and 3) robustness. The watermark fidelity is measured using Watson's perceptual model and mean squared error. Given fixed fidelity levels the payload capacity is measured in terms of bit error rate. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) with different variances is used to evaluate the robustness of the watermarks. Results are presented which categories the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme, under different situations. Certain trade-offs must be considered for specific requirement.


The objective of this study was to translate a Working Memory (WM) capacity test (WATERS and CAPLAN, 1996a) into Portuguese, and adapt it to the Brazilian context. Our motivation lies in the fact that there is only one measure of WM available in Portuguese, which works differently from the translated test. The translation followed strict criteria in terms of word choice, number of syllables, frequency of use, and number of words per sentence, while trying to preserve the original meaning of the sentence. The differences between the WM measure available and our translation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each are explained. Studies for the validation of the WM capacity test are still necessary.


Telephone: +44 (0) 151 706 5606, Fax: +44 (0) 151 706 5803. Professor David Williams, PhD, DSc, CEng, FIM, FBSE, was trained as a materials scientist and has more than 27 years' experience in research, writing, teaching, and consulting in the field of biomaterials and medical devices. He is currently Head of Clinical Engineering at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital and a Director of Weinberg & Williams, a Brussels-based consultancy group.


This paper develops techniques for analysing the costs of maintaining adequate operating reserve on power systems, within probabilistic production costing models and others based upon load distribution functions. The aim is to show that such models can be developed to approximate the full range of dynamic penalties associated with practical power system operation. Algorithms for costing predetermined part loading are presented, including the need for bringing plant on-line out of strict merit order. The paper then describes how an prediction error function can be used to estimate the probability that the specified spinning reserve is insufficient, and hence approximate the cost of gas turbine or storage utilisation for dynamic control. This allows estimation of optimal reserve levels. The paper also discusses the analysis of longer term reserve from banked thermal units. Finally, some results of the model are compared with those reported from hourly simulation studies.


Introduction: The "Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora" (HIES) is a third level hospital, designed 35 years ago to provide care for children of Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Baja California and Baja California Sur. Since its incorporation to the state government of Sonora in 1983, the ancestry of the population it serves has been modified to be primarily Sonoran population, although it is unknown to what degree. Objective: To know the ancestry of infants born in the HIES by the places of birth of their parents and grandparents. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in March 2013 in HIES applying a semi-structured interview to a stratified random group of 200 women in immediate puerperium. Responses were classified according to the birthplace of parents and grandparents. Results: Of the 1,200 total results, including parents and grandparents, 1.053 (87.8%) came from the northwest, with 938 (78.2%) of Sonora, and only 147 (12.25%) were from other regions. If we consider only the parents, 92.8% was from the RESUMEN


The legal framework governing college athletes is in a transformative era.

Under pressure by state governments and members of Congress, the NCAA is contemplating structural changes that would permit college athletes to license their names, images and likenesses. Should these changes come to pass, college athletes — most likely through the negotiation vehicle of trade associations —would be compensated for the use of their identities in apparel, merchandise, video games, television broadcasts and related goods and services. The changes would upend decades of NCAA adherence to "amateurism," a controversial system of rules that denies compensation opportunities on the logic that pay would corrupt college athletes, betray educational goals and undermine the consumer appeal of collegiate athletic contests.

This Article examines the mechanisms by which college athletes should be able to secure representation for their commercial interests. Within that area of study, this Article focuses on men's college basketball players who declare for the annual NBA Draft while preserving the option to return to school. The NCAA has proposed requirements for agents to represent these players. Such requirements are of questionable merit and raise concerns about the demographics of persons to whom they might tend to exclude. This Article contends that while the NCAA may have the legal capacity to exclude agents, it should weigh potential adverse consequences on competition and socioeconomic status. This argument has concrete implications on college basketball and more broadly on the economics of college sports.


A ratiometric fluorescent biosensor for Hg2+ is constructed from the MerR protein and a duplex DNA containing a pyrene excimer.


The collapse of Ansett Australia on 14 September 2001 had an immediate impact on the nation's tourism industry both through the loss of capacity as well as financial hardship caused to the many operators who relied on Ansett and its subsidiaries. The real cost of the Ansett collapse has been difficult to measure. It affected tourism businesses, businesses not directly engaged in tourism and customers including holders of Ansett Frequent Flyer Points. Ansett failed to adapt to a changed environment and this paper examines the factors that lay behind the collapse including the impact of the Federal Government's deregulation policies and poor decision making in the organisation.


The accumulation of large collections of digital images has created the need for efficient and intelligent schemes for content-based image retrieval. Our goal is to organize the contents semantically, according to meaningful categories. Automatic annotation is the process of automatically assigning descriptions to an image or video that describes the contents of the image or video. In this paper, we examine the problem of automatic captioning of multimedia containing round and square objects. On a given set of images and videos we were able to recognize round and square objects in the images with accuracy up to 80% and videos with accuracy up to 70%.


In the research presented in this dissertation low-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used
for the first time in Slovenia. The advantage of the GPR method above other geophysical methods is
its light and mobile equipment enabling a fast, non-invasive, inexpensive and accurate way of
determining the spatial extend and geometry of geological structures in the shallow subsurface. By
using the 50 MHz RTA antenna, we were able to carry out research in rugged terrain where other
geophysical surveys were not possible. With the use of low-frequency GPR we determined the
presence and characteristics of different tectonic structures within areas of increased seismic hazard. In
the area of the Idrija fault in Srednja Kanomlja and the Vodice fault in Hrase, we located suitable
locations for palaeoseismological trenches and compared GPR results with other geophysical methods
as well as data from the trenches. In both cases we also determined the courses of the main fault zones,
which could be tracked in wider areas. In the Krsko basin, we investigated the Libna fault and the rate
of tectonically induced subsidence of the Brežice terrace. For the purpose of researching tectonic and
karst features that pose a threat during the exploitation of mineral resources in quarries, measurements
were performed in the Rodež quarry near Anhovo as well as in the Crnotice quarry situated on the
Karstic edge. In the Crnotice quarry we determined the geometry of the thrust-fault plane of the
Socerb fault as well as the presence of karstic features. In the Rodež quarry we not only successfully
tracked tectonic discontinuities in the subsurface but were also able to locate karst cavities, providing a
better insight into the subsurface and obtaining key information needed for further exploitation
processes. In the context of the hydrogeological research the use of GPR enabled the determination of
the depth to groundwater in the hinterland of the Radovna River. Within the engineering geological
research conducted on the fossil landslide Selo near Ajdovscina we successfully determined the
thickness of the fossil landslide using GPR. Advanced methods of GPR data processing were tested.
The results, obtained by optimizing the processing of radargrams based on geological conditions, were
compared with existing data from geological mapping, research drilling, results from other
geophysical researches and palaeoseisological trenching. We proved that the low-frequency GPR
method is very effective and sufficiently accurate in locating and characterising discontinuities in the
shallow subsurface in different geological conditions encountered in Slovenia.


Abstract Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGT) is currently building a new kind of general-purpose astronomical facility: a fully robotic network of telescopes of 2m, 1m and 0.4m apertures and homogeneous instrumentation. A pan-network approach to scheduling (rather than per individual telescope) offers redundancy in the event of poor weather or technical failure, as well as the ability to observe a target around the clock. Here we describe the network design and instrumentation under development, together with the main science programmes already being lead by LCOGT staff.


A filter for motorized sweeper comprising a filtering element (1), substantially cylindrical in shape and folded accordion-like to form a multiplicity of fins, an aspirator (2) and a low-pressure chamber (4) for the collection of dust, and provides a motor (8) that sets said fins of said filtering element (1) in relative movement with respect to at least one striker or a rigid or semirigid comb (7) interfering with the fins, to effect the separation of the dust from said filtering element (1) through flexing and elastic return to position of the same fins. The invention further comprises a motorized sweeper equipped with the filter above described and endowed further with at least one corridor, terminating to the rear of the driving position, for the disposal of the hot air produced by the motor.


The defects in the public rural sports product supply system in China are embodied in the followings: obstacles in the dualistic public urban and rural sports product supply system under the guidance of non equilibrium strategies;the lacking or wrong positioning of the supply main body system;the lacking of a need expression mechanism and the upside-down ordering of the supply decision making mechanism;the lacking of a system for monitoring the supply of public products such as rural sports culture.The ways to the optimization of such a system includes the followings: follow the guidance of the urban and rural supply integration policy,and provide urban and rural areas with fairness and efficiency concurrently considered public sports products;internalize exogenous variable factors,and establish a decision making well coordinated gaming mechanism;focus on public products supplied and changes induced by non official systems;enhance system supply efficiency and prevent "public domain tragedies",and establish a department coordination and management mechanism;build a multi-entity input system that is guided mainly by the government and participated by all walks of life in the society.


Present paper performs a systematic review conducted to collect evidence on multi tasking and applying cognitive capabilities of robots in complex environments. Different models, architectures, algorithms and approaches were studied and conclusion was drawn. The review was conducted by studying the different scenarios of robots interacting with multiple objects and interfaces considering real time system and multi object environments. The information was collected from various research papers related to multi tasking and cognitive robotics. Twenty five most relevant studies were analyzed. Although many researches have been done on multi tasking in autonomous robots, applying cognition with task switching is still little explored. In the paper we have concluded that multi tasking is more efficient if cognitive intelligence is applied. We have discussed limitations of the existing robotic frame works and models and proposed suggestions to enhance them with natural language interfaces.


This article briefly describes the results of a study of the problems of implementing entrepreneurial pro-jects in the oil and gas complex. The dynamics of investment and innovation activity of business entities in the oil and gas complex is considered. Taking into account the industry specifics, possible ways of solving the problems of managing entrepreneurial projects are described.


The Technological Research Association of MegaFloat (hereinafter referred to as "TRAM") was established in April 1995 and has carried out "Research and Development of an Ultra Large Floating Structure" (hereinafter referred to as "phase 1") under a three-year program. This research was successfully completed with results anticipated in March 1998. In this research, a large floating model was built by assembling modules at sea as a corroborative experiments, and then the verification and the corroborative experiments solved many problems using the model that had been constructed. An object of this project was to research and develop the elemental technologies to be used for various purposes to realize The Ultra Large Floating Structure, so-called "Mega-Float", in the near future. Detailed contents of phase 1 research have been already presented in various publications. The large floating model of the experiment used in the phase is figured. The research on the Mega-Float was scheduled to finalize in fiscal year 1997; and, it was decided to continue with a second stage. This article introduces circumstances of the decision and the contents of the new research.


To show and describe what kind of fixed partial denture usually used in patient with bone loss. The articles was search form PubMed data base. The electronic databases were searched using of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, search terms and their combinations: "fixed partial denture" and "alveolar bone loss". There are 35 journals explained about this, with only 5 journals meet the inclusion criteria. The database search yielded 35 references from PubMed. The titles and abstract were reviewed afterward, and 13 studies were eligible for further analysis. The full-texts been reviewed by the reviewer and yielded 5 articles which meet the inclusion criteria, with the total patient 270. There is scientific evidence that implant and combination of fixed bridge with removable were mostly used in patient with alveolar bone loss. Review (J Int Dent Med Res 2019; 12(4): 1640-1643)


Newton-Steffensen-Potra-Ptak methods is one of two steep iteration methods by Jisheng [3] that can be used to solve nonlinear equation involving the parameter θ. In this paper, the author develop Newton-Steffensen-Potra-Ptak methods using hermite's interpolation. Based on research result, obtained the new iteration equation involving the parameter θ having eighth-order of convergence for θ = − 1 and sixth-order of convergence for θ ≠ −1 and involves four evaluation functions. Numerical simulation performed several function to show the performance of modification Newton-Steffensen-Potra-Ptak methods.


Speaker: Binder, Andrew (Minnesota) Title: Analysis of the Surface Cauchy-Born Method in 1D Abstract: Surface e↵ects can play a significant role in the determination of material properties on smaller scales. Despite the fact that surface e↵ects are most influential in smaller systems, the systems may still be large enough that simulating the system atomistically will be computationally infeasible. The recently developed surface Cauchy-Born method was designed to e ciently model such systems and improve upon the regular Cauchy-Born method by better capturing surface e↵ects. The accuracy of the surface CauchyBorn method is investigated in the specific case of a linearized 1D system interacting according to a many-body potential as well as through a nonlinear analysis that considers the stability and convergence of the method to the atomistic result for a more general 1D system. Speaker: Blanc, Xavier (Paris) Title: Local profiles for elliptic problems in homogenization of periodic structure with defect Abstract: We will present a possible approach to pproximate both at the coarse and fine scale the solution to an elliptic equation with oscillatory coe cient when this coe cient consists of a "nice", say periodic, function that is locally perturbed. The approach is based on a local profile, solution to an equation similar to the corrector equation in classical homogenization. The well-posedness of that equation will be explored, in various functional settings depending upon the locality of the perturbation. This is a joint work with C. Le Bris and P.-L. Lions. Speaker: Cances, Eric (Paris) Title: DFT for crystals with a random distribution of local defects Speaker: Csanyi, Gabor (Cambridge) Title: TBA Speaker: Ehrlacher, Virginie (Paris) Title: Approximation of e↵ective coe cients in stochastic homogenization using a boundary integral approach Abstract: A very e cient algorithm has recently been introduced in [1] in order to approximate the solution of implicit solvation models for molecules. The main ingredient of this algorithm relies in the clever use of a boundary integral formulation of the problem to solve. The aim of this talk is to present how such an algorithm can be adapted in order to compute e ciently e↵ective coe cients in stochastic homogenization for random media with spherical inclusions. To this aim, the definition of new approximate corrector problems and approximate e↵ective coe cients is needed and convergence results in teh spirit of [2] are proved for this new formulation. Some numerical test cases will illustrate the behaviour of this method. [1] "Domain decomposition for implicit solvation models", Eric Cancs, Yvon Maday, Benjamin Stamm, The Journal of Chemical Physics 139 (2013) 054111 [2] "Approximations of e↵ective coe cients in stochastic homogenization", Alain Bourgeat, Andrey Piatnitski, Annales de l'institut Henri Poincar (B) Probabilits et Statistiques 40 (2004) page 153-165


MnAs exhibits a first-order phase transition from a ferromagnetic, high-spin metal hexagonal phase to a paramagnetic, lower-spin insulator orthorhombic phase at T(C)=313 K. Here, we report the results of neutron diffraction experiments showing that an external magnetic field, B, stabilizes the hexagonal phase above T(C). The phase transformation is reversible and constitutes the first demonstration of a bond-breaking transition induced by a magnetic field. The field-induced phase transition is accompanied by an enhanced magnetoresistance of about 17% at 310 K. The phenomenon appears to be similar to that of the colossal magnetoresistance response observed in the Mn [corrected] perovskite family.


Aims. The study of the X-ray line profiles produced by massive colliding wind binaries is a powerful tool for the characterisation of the stellar winds. We built a self-consistent program for the computation of line profiles named LIFELINE. The resulting theoretical profiles can be compared to the line profile that will be observed with future high-resolution X-ray spectrographs to retrieve the characteristics of the stellar winds generating them.
Methods. We considered a grid of 780 O-type binaries and computed, for each of them, the wind velocity distribution of each star, taking the impact of the radiation pressure and gravity force of the companion star into account. We then computed the characteristics of the wind shock region and followed the emitted photons towards the observer to compute their absorption. Finally, the Fe K line profiles near 6.7 keV were constructed from the distribution of the photons as a function of the radial velocities of their emitting region. LIFELINE can be used to compare the theoretical line profiles to the observed ones or to compute theoretical profiles for a new binary system.
Results. We highlight the results for three systems. While the line profiles created in adiabatic wind collision regions are quite simple, the line profiles arising from regions in the radiative regime, as found in short-period binaries, are more sophisticated notably because of the Coriolis effect on the shape of the shock. The predicted differences in line morphology between systems with different wind properties are quite significant, allowing a detailed comparison between the theoretical profiles and those that will be observed with future high-resolution X-ray spectrometers.


Carried out concurrently with the HTSS, this report details the findings from the HT learner survey in 2008-09 covering pupils in primary and secondary schools in England and exploring their use of technology at home and in school.


ABSTRACT This article investigates the wider implications of the Commonwealth Games Federation's decision to withdraw the invitation to South Africa's potential host city, Durban to host the 2022 Commonwealth Games. A host city has the unique opportunity to communicate with extensive global, regional and national networks through the intersection of sport, politics and diplomacy. The advantages derived from these events are not restricted to a diplomatic level: hosting a major sporting event generates international prestige, establishes strong credentials for the host city/nation, and develops infrastructure countrywide by prompting urban development and renewal. The critical question here is how to evaluate Durban's loss of the hosting rights against the background of the country's successful staging of the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. We interrogate three crucial issues: Has the inability to host the Commonwealth Games dented South Africa's international prestige? Has an opportunity to benefit from public diplomacy been lost? Will this loss affect potential urban and infrastructural regeneration?


The improvement of latchup immunity in bulk, nonepitaxial CMOS with deep trench isolation has been demonstrated using numerical simulation. Through a proper design of trench dimensions and layout, it is shown that the holding voltage can be increased to a level above the power supply voltage (3.3 V in deep-submicrometer CMOS), yielding latchup-free CMOS even for nonepitaxial substrates. The holding voltage is strongly influenced by the current flow patterns in the conductivity-modulated well and substrate regions, which are affected by trench depth, layout parameters, and the tank and p/sup +//n/sup +/ emitter doping concentrations. The deep trench makes the current flow patterns two-dimensional, and this causes parametric dependencies that cannot be explained from simple trench-isolation techniques. Design issues that are unique to deep trench isolation have been identified. >


Abstract: Cryptography is the practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce. In this paper we want to have a short look at modern approaches in cryptography. So, terminology, history and types of modern cryptography will be talked here.


Abstract A novel statistical technique called space–time empirical normal mode (ST-ENM) is applied in a diagnostic study of the genesis of a secondary eyewall in a simulated hurricane using the nonhydrostatic, high-resolution fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University (PSU)–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5). The bases obtained from the ST-ENM technique are nonstationary, dynamically relevant, and orthogonal in the sense of wave activity. The wave activity spectra of the wavenumber-1 anomalies show that the leading modes (1–6) exhibit mainly characteristics of vortex Rossby waves (VRWs). These modes together explain about 75% of the total wavenumber-1 variance in a period of 24 h. Analysis of the Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux and its time-mean divergence corresponding to the total contribution from these modes indicated that in the lower troposphere VRWs not only propagate inward (outward) in the primary eyewall region where the radial gradient of the basic-state potential...


The mineralization of organic nitrogen at different salinity levels of brackishwater fishpond soils upon addition of cowdung was studied under laboratory conditions at ambient temperature 28.8-30.G•c over 120 days. Upon aeration, percent-. age gains in mineralized nitrogen at 0.5, 10, 20 and 30 ppt. Salinity ranged between 26.1 and 28.5% and were not significantly different. However, the rate of mineralization was slower at higher salinities.


America (1962) and the extensive work of the Commission on Undergraduate Education in the Biological Sciences (1964-67). While these studies are of value, they do not consider the differences in mathematics requirements which exist among the different specializations in biology, such as microbiology, zoology, and genetics. In addition, they are primarily concerned with undergraduate requirements. Although there exists fairly complete agreement on the necessity of first-year college mathematics for all biologists, there seems to be varied opinions on what courses should be taken for the Ph.D. or for advanced studies. The


This paper investigates alternation code-mixing between Chhattisgarhi and English. It is very common to mix English with the mother tongue in several places across the world. Code-mixing is widely found in multilingual countries like India, where many languages, dialects, and varieties are present. Code-mixing is a very useful strategy for bilingual speakers to communicate easily and effectively based on the context. Our focus is in this study of how alternation code mixing takes place between Chhattisgarhi and English by Chhattisgarhi speakers in their daily conversations. This paper examines conversational code-mixing in the repertoire of Chhattisgarhi speakers, and it also finds out the increasing interest of speakers in the English language. Adopting ideas from Muysken (2000), this paper explores different types of alternation code-mixing such as non-nested switching, peripherality, adverbial modification, coordination, left-dislocation, right-dislocation and emblematic or tag-switches between Chhattisgarhi and English. It examines how different patterns or structures are found in the mixing of these two languages. This study further explains the properties of code-mixing, such as embedding in discourse, doubling, flagging, and dummy insertion in relation to code-mixing of Chhattisgarhi conversations.


According to Chinese creature, we classified the fish of carp family in Heilongjiang river,they are belong to 59 species,38 genera;in addition,the Chinese names of some fish are also rectified in the article.


Investors see Myanmar as perhaps the last 'greenfield' of Asia. But are they viewing the Golden Land through rose-coloured glasses? The probability of political and social unrest over the next decade is high . . .


AUTHOR Kopacsi, Rosemarie; Hochwald, Eve TITLE Restructuring Kindergarten in an Urban School District: The Case of Newark, New Jersey. INSTITUTION Newark Board of Education, NJ. Office of Planning, Evaluation and Testing. PUB DATE 1998-04-00 NOTE 32p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (79th, San Diego, CA, April 13-17, 1998). PUB TYPE Reports Evaluative (142) -Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academic Achievement; *Active Learning; Comparative Analysis; Conflict Resolution; *Educational Change; Elementary School Curriculum; Interpersonal Competence; *Kindergarten; Kindergarten Children; Learning Centers. (Classroom); Models; Preschool Teachers; Primary Education; *Professional Development; Program Effectiveness; Program Evaluation; School Readiness; School Restructuring; Student Evaluation; Teacher Behavior; Teacher Student Relationship; Teaching Methods; *Thematic Approach; *Urban Schools IDENTIFIERS Bank Street College of Education NY; Newark School System NJ


Bromoperoxidase (BPO) from Thai red seaweed Gracilaria sp. has been purified and chemically modified with iodoacetamide under defined experimental conditions yielding derivatives of native bromoperoxidase. The modification increased the catalytic activity of the enzyme at concentrations of iodoacetamide up to a level of 50 mM. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of the activation, the differences changes between native and modified enzymes were studied using kinetics methodology. The modified BPO showed greater affinity and maximal velocity for different substrates than native BPO. It has been shown that this modification reagent reacts with the e-amino groups of the 15 out of the total 46 lysine residues of bromoperoxidase. The substrate affinity of modified BPO increased with the increases of substituents at e-amino groups of lysine of the enzyme. The chemical modification of BPO increased its affinity for substrate monochlorodimedone (MCD) and hydrogen peroxide (about 2and 110-fold, respectively) and also increased the maximal velocity with MCD, KBr and hydrogen peroxide (about 3-, 2.7 and 21-fold, respectively). The improvements of catalytic properties are also related to the changes in the number of e-amino groups modified. The modification might involve neutralization of positive charges residues in BPO. The results presented in this study indicate that bromoperoxidase may acquire some new and useful characteristics related to stability and activity upon


Recent advances in wireless networks have enabled us to deploy and use mobile ad hoc networks for communication between the rescue officers in disaster recovery and reconstruction operations. This highly dynamic network does not require any infrastructure or centralized control. As the topology of the network remain dynamic, severe performance limitations incur with traditional routing strategies. Recently a new routing paradigm known as opportunistic routing protocols have been proposed to overcome these limitations and to provide efficient delivery of data in these highly dynamic ad hoc networks. Using the broadcasting nature of the wireless medium, this latest routing technique tries to address two major issues of varying link quality and unpredictable node mobility in ad hoc networks. Unlike conventional IP forwarding, where an intermediate node looks up a forwarding table for a suitable next hop, opportunistic routing brings in opportunistic data forwarding that allows multiple candidate nodes in the forwarding area to act on the broadcasted data packet. This increases the reliability of data delivery in the network with reduced delay. One of the most important issues that have not been studied so far is the varying performance of opportunistic routing protocols in wireless networks with highly mobile nodes. This research paper analyses and compares the various advantages, disadvantages and the performance of the latest opportunistic routing protocols in wireless ad hoc networks with highly mobile nodes. Keyword-Ad hoc networks, Network Mobility, Opportunistic Routing, Performance Analysis, Reliability


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to explore whether, in which ways, and to what extent country-of-origin (COO) information affects the product-evaluation process in Turkey as a less-developed country. Moderating effects of consumer ethnocentrism (CE), product involvement, and product knowledge were also explored. Findings showed that COO cues have a significant main effect on the product-evaluation process. Although moderator variables (CE, product involvement, and product knowledge) do not have a significant effect alone on the product-evaluation process, they negatively moderate the relationship between COO cues and product evaluation. As far as we are aware, the roles of COO, CE product involvement, and product knowledge on product evaluation have not been simultaneously included in the same research model in previous empirical studies. So, as the original contribution of this article, this study investigates the interaction effects of CE, product involvement, and product knowledge on the relationship between COO cues and product evaluation in an emerging market.


Contextualism is the epistemological thesis that holds context to significantly affect the truth value of claims such as "S knows that p ." A shift in context can lead to a shift in the standards by which we evaluate propositional knowledge claims, and thus a shift in the truth values of these claims: a statement "S knows that p " may be true when evaluated in one context while simultaneously false when evaluated in another context. A contextualist says it is by playing on these shifting standards that the skeptic manages to destroy knowledge with her skeptical arguments. Once this is understood, the contextualist holds, we can see that skeptical arguments like those of external world skepticism do not threaten our ordinary knowledge. In this thesis I argue that if contextualism is as successful as it claims, then it should be possible to use the techniques of contextualism to solve skeptical problems other than those with which the contextualist is usually concerned; namely it should be possible to solve the problem of induction. Taking Stewart Cohen's relevant alternatives derived contextualism as my representative, I show that it is possible to construct such a solution consistent with the tenets of contextualism, but that in doing so certain troubling question-begging assumptions are shown in sharp relief, invalidating the proposed solution. In the end we are left with the question: Can a relevant alternatives contextualism successfully solve any skeptical argument without a proper solution to the problem of induction?


The invention relates to a transmitting and / or receiving device, such as is preferably used in a communication terminal in the field of mobile communications. The present invention further relates to a equipped with a circuit arrangement of the communication terminal. DOLLAR A a device of the aforementioned type to improve the effect that its circuit scale is reduced, it is proposed that in the antenna array (3) separate antennas (36, 38) are provided for sending and receiving, with a portion of the entire demands on filtering and isolation as a design specification and requirements on the antennas (36, 38) of the antenna part (3) is displaced and the demands on the subsequent signal processing paths (6, 8) and whose components are reduced.


The purpose of this technical study is to present the advancements in alloplastic temporomandibular joint reconstruction with the Biomet Microfixation TMJ Replace ment System®, a stock prosthesis. The authors here provide a detailed description of the surgical technique in placement of the Biomet® prosthesis and report the progress in materials, design, and technique of a stock prosthesis.


When the adult functional operculum of the serpulid polychaete Hydroides dianthus is amputated at any level below the secondary cup, the rudimentary operculum develops into a functional one. Concomitantly a new rudimentary operculum regenerates from the stump of the former functional operculum. This reversal of asymmetry is proportional to the degree of injury (e.g., amputation > crushing > ligation > puncture). Amputating the rudimentary operculum does not affect the functional one, but in some cases the regenerating rudimentary operculum may differentiate into a second functional operculum. When distal portions of both opercula are removed, reversal occurs, and if the two opercula are amputated simultaneously at the base, a functional operculum regenerates on the side opposite its original position. If, however, the branchial apparatus is amputated together with both the functional and rudimentary opercula, the latter tends to regenerate on the original side. Thus the opercular regulatory system distinguishes between degrees and types of injury to the functional operculum, and the branchiae may be involved in opercular relationships.

If the animal is decerebrated or the supraoesophageal ganglion is bisected, the opercula are still able to reverse normally. No reversal occurs when the external opercular nerves are severed, but in about one-third of the animals reversal occurred after section of the internal nerve. No direct nervous connection is involved in opercular communications, but the internal opercular nerve is implicated in stimulating reversal.


OTFTs are fundamentally the most flexible transistor technology available. Combined with recent improvements in organic materials, this offers a route to truly flexible AMOLED displays, which will transform new markets such as wearables. Plastic Logic has developed a flexible OTFT AMOLED display using low temperature processes compatible with mass manufacturing.


Nitrophenols are common components of industrial effluents and have been detected in urban and agricultural waste. Dinitroortho-cresol (DNOC) can easily enter the body through inhalation, ingestion or the skin. Yellow staining is typical in toxications via skin contact. The main toxic effects of DNOC derivatives are due to an increase in cellular metabolism. It acts directly on metabolism by inducing cellular oxidation and inhibiting phosphorylation, leading to the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Cardiovascular effects appear to be secondary to cellular anoxia. We report here two consecutive patients admitted to the emergency department with an initial diagnosis of toxic exposure to DNOC. Further examination revealed that toxic exposure led to simultaneous acute coronary syndrome.


One‐third of lone atrial fibrillation (AF) presents as familial disorder. Heterogeneity of both genetic background and clinical manifestations remains largely uncharacterized. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and especially the triggering factors of familial AF.


This work describes the implementation of a discrete cosine transform (DCT) core compression system targetted to low-power video (MPEG2 MP@ML) and still-image (JPEG) applications. It exhibits two innovative techniques for arithmetic operation reduction in the DCT computation context along with standard voltage scaling techniques such as pipelining and parallelism. The first method dynamically minimizes the bitwidth of arithmetic operations in the presence of data spatial correlation. The second method trades off power dissipation and image compression quality (arithmetic precision). The chip dissipates 4.38 mW at 14 MHz and 1.56 V.


T he recent case of a blind Jewish camper, Solomon Krishef of Grand Rapids, Michigan, who was told he could not be accommodated by Camp Ramah in Canada despite already being at the camp for some weeks, powerfully highlights how accommodation of disabled people continues to be regarded as a burdensome after thought. In a similar vein, many workplaces and union offices frequently fail to have the ramps in place that would allow disabled people who require wheelchairs for mobility to flourish. Even for religious progressives and advocates of social justice who incorporate antiracist and antisexist practices into Beyond Wage Labor The Politics of Disablement


The effects of stimulus changes on activity in 20 food-deprived and 20 nondeprived adult rats were studied using a photo-relay method, direct observation, and bar-press rate. Differences in activity as measured by the photo-cells and differences in bar-presses were significant (p < .001) for stimulation, deprivation, and the interactions. Ss in the stimulus change groups had the highest activity counts, their most frequent single behavior being exploration. The results confirmed the utility of the photo-relay system of measurement, demonstrated that stimulus change differentially affected the activity of deprived and nondeprived Ss, and supported the conclusion that stimulation sensitized S to its internal state to which it then reacted.


With case studied of Jiangpu city,this paper mainly introduces the method and process of generating the 30-m DEM,according to the accurate standard of producing the DEM,by digitizing contour from the topographic map on 1:50000 scale based on GIS;Finally,the author makes an examination of the accuracy and quality of DEM as well.


Updip pinch-out reservoir is one of the lithologic reservoirs.Identifying updip pinch-out reservoir is a major task of lithological reservoir exploration.In this study,analysis of the 3D seismic reflection,instantaneous phase and acoustic impedance is conducted to identify and interpret the sandstone.It is found that the combined data of acoustic impedance and the instantaneous phase has better detectability and is more reliable indicator of the sandstone distribution than any of these individual seismic data including the 3D seismic reflection,instantaneous phase and acoustic impedance.In Wanchang area,combined analysis of the acoustic impedance and instantaneous phase in the subaqueous slump fans is a valid approach for identifying and interpreting the updip pinch-out sandstone.Two major findings are as follows:(1)Combined analysis of the cores,seismic attribution and the distribution of the synsedimentary faults could exactly identify the distribution of the subaqueous slump fans in the Wanchang area.(2)After identifying updip pinch-out sandstone in subaqueous slump fans using acoustic impedance and the instantaneous phase in the Wanchang area,there are at least two stages updip pinch-out sandstone near well WC1 in subaqueous slump fans which are most potential in Wanchang area.


A single-layer zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod array-based micro energy harvester was designed and integrated with a piezoelectric metacapacitor. The device presents outstanding low-frequency (1–10 Hz) mechanical energy harvesting capabilities. When compared with conventional pristine ZnO nanostructured piezoelectric harvesters or generators, both open-circuit potential and short-circuit current are significantly enhanced (up to 3.1 V and 124 nA cm−2) for a single mechanical knock (∼34 kPa). Higher electromechanical conversion efficiency (1.3 pC/Pa) is also observed. The results indicate that the integration of the piezoelectric metacapacitor is a crucial factor for improving the low-frequency energy harvesting performance. A double piezoelectric-driven mechanism is proposed to explain current higher output power, in which the metacapacitor plays the multiple roles of charge pumping, storing and transferring. An as-fabricated prototype device for lighting an LED demonstrates high power transference capability, with over 95% transference efficiency to the external load.


The influence of 1 wt.% and 2 wt.% of graphene platelets (GPLs) addition on indentation fracture toughness (IF) of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) based composites has been investigated and compared to the monoliths. Ceramic composites reinforced with GPLs were prepared using hot-press processing technology. Microstructures were observed at fracture surfaces by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crack type identification was performed by gradually polishing of the indentation surface and mechanical properties of both systems were measured. Indentation fracture toughness was calculated by various methods and R-curves were prepared. The main activated toughening mechanisms, responsible for the increased fracture toughness are crack deflection, crack branching and crack bridging in the forms of graphene sheet pull-out or graphene necking.


About the Editors. Contributors. Preface. Acknowledgments. Abbreviations. 1. Coding (Gerhard Bauch, Claude Berrou, David Declercq, Aledandre Graell I. Amat, Youssouf Ould-Cheikh-Mouhamedou, Yannick Saouter, Jossy Sayir, and Marcos B. S. Tavares). 1.1 General Code Types. 1.2 Designing Code Based on Graphs. 1.3 Pseudorandom Designs. 1.4 Repeat Accumulate Codes. 1.5 Binary versus Nonbinary. 1.6 Performance Results of Nonbinary LDPC Codes. 1.7 Three-Dimensional (3D) Turbo Codes. 1.8 Conclusions. 2. Decoding (Moshe Ran, Carlos De Segovia, and Omer Ran). 2.1 Algebraic Soft-Decision (ASD) and Reliability-Based Decoders. 2.2 Graph versus Trellis Decoding Algorithms. 3. Incremental Redundancy for Coding (Stefania Sesia and Charly Pouliat). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Retransmission Protocols (ARQ). 3.3 HARQ Schemes. 3.4 Design of Hybrid ARQ Type II. 3.5 Code Design. 3.6 Generalization of the Mutual Information Evolution for Incremental Redundancy Protocols. 3.7 ARQ/HARQ in the Standards. 3.8 Conclusions. 4. Architecture and Hardware Requirements (Frank Kienle). 4.1 Turbo Decoder Implementation. 4.2 LDPC Decoder Architectures. 5. Turbo-Principle Extensions (Isabelle Siaud, Ming Jiang, Anne-Marie Ulmer-Moll, Maryline Helard, Thierry Lestable, and Carlos De Segovia). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 From Turbo Code to Advanced Iterative Receivers. 5.3 Turbo-Based Interleaving Techniques. 5.4 Turbo-MIMO Techniques. 5.5 Conclusions. 6. Standardization (Marie-Helene Hamon, Thierry Lestable, and Isabelle Siaud). 6.1 3GPP Systems: UMTS and LTE. 6.2 IEEE 802.16/WiMAX. 6.3 IEEE 802.1 1n. 6.4 Satellite (DVB-RCS, DVB-S2). 6.5 Wireless Rural Area Network: The IEEE802.22 standard [IEEE802-22]. 6.6 Others. Index.


Sales Promotion (SP) traditionally is one of the most important tools of marketing communication or promotion. Recently, internet marketing is used widely across the business world. Due to the fact that the power of personal selling is strictly reduced in internet or on-line marketing, the role of sales promotion has increased a lot. Many internet stores choose various sales promotion practices and even formulate sales promotion strategy to guide their SP practices. While most of the existing internet marketing researches study single SP practice, this research tries to study integrated internet SP practice and use it as the main construct. It tries to develop suitable classification of internet SP strategy. Furthermore, this research explores main influencing factors of internet SP strategy, including characteristics of internet users. The SP effects which include short effect, consumer value, satisfaction and loyalty will also be investigated. The research findings are as follows: 1. Internet SP types are related to internet SP effectiveness, including short-term effect, consumer value, satisfaction and loyalty. 2. SP duration is related to internet SP effectiveness. 3. Some fits between Internet SP types and SP durations are significantly related to internet SP effectiveness, including attractiveness of short-term effects and consumer value. 4. Internet users characteristics are significantly related to prefer internet SP. 5.Internet users characteristics are significantly related to internet SP effectiveness, including purchase experience, sex and average monthly income.


This paper reviewed the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Mentha haplocalyx Briq.in clinical.It will provide more scientific bases for widely use of Mentha haplocalyx Briq.in clinical.


AMANDA-II is a neutrino telescope composed of 677 optical sensors organized along 19 strings buried deep in the Antarctic ice cap. It is designed to detect Cherenkov light produced by cosmic-ray- and neutrino-induced muons. The majority of events recorded by AMANDA-II are caused by muons which are produced in the atmosphere by high-energy cosmic rays. The leading uncertainties in simulating such events come from the choice of the high-energy model used to describe the first interaction of the cosmic rays, uncertainties in our knowledge and implementation of the ice properties at the depth of the detector, and individual optical module sensitivities. A method is developed that results in a flux measurement of cosmic rays with energies 1.5−200 TeV per nucleon (95% of primaries causing low-multiplicity events in AMANDA-II have energies in this range) independent of ice model and optical module sensitivities. Predictions of six commonly-used high-energy interaction models - QGSJET, VENUS, NEXUS, DPMJET, HDPM, and SYBILL - are compared to data. Best agreement with direct measurements is achieved with QGSJET, VENUS, and NEXUS (preliminary:


This article looks at road pricing as it is applied to trucks in the U.K. Two possible forms of road pricing are described: time-based and distanced-based. The pros and cons of both methods, as well as government policies towards road pricing, are discussed.


A paving machine (110, 210) discharges HMA or other paving materials directly on top of a distributing auger (130, 230) located between a paving material storage hopper (116, 216) and the screed (138, 238). The distributing auger (130, 230) is then capable of remixing any partially segregated paving materials and of uniformly distributing the paving materials directly adjacent a previously-paved segment. Materials may be discharged on top of the distributing auger (130) from a discharge opening (150) of a gravity feed hopper (116) located adjacent the distributing auger (130) or from an inclined conveyor (300, 302) delivering materials from a more standard hopper (216) mounted near the front end of the paving machine (210).


The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Escherichia fergusonii in dairy cattle with clinical signs of diarrhoea. The specimens were obtained from three different farms in Denizli province of Turkey, between August 2016 and December 2016. Rectal contents of 57 Holstein-friesian dairy cattle with diarrhoea were collected from farms located in the Aegean Region (Denizli province, Turkey). Rectal swabs were inoculated into enrichment, differential and selective culture media. A total of 49 (86%) Escherichia spp. were isolated by phenotypic identification from 57 rectal swab samples. Presumptive E. fergusonii isolates were tested with the API 20E identification kit and all isolates (100%) were identified as E. coli. Primers targeting specific E. coli and E. fergusonii and genes, including the beta-glucuronidase enzyme, conserved hypothetical cellulose synthase protein and regulator of cellulose synthase and hypothetical protein, putative transcriptional activator for multiple antibiotic resistance were used for detection and differentiation of E. coli and E. fergusonii. Thirteen of the 49 E. coli-verified isolates were identified as E. fergusonii after duplex PCR using EFER 13and EFER YP-specific primers. Confirmation of strain identity was conducted using Sanger sequencing analysis. The rates of antibiotic resistance of E. fergusonii to penicillin G and erythromycin were 100% and 77%, respectively. In conclusion, field strains of E. fergusonii were detected in cattle with diarrhoea in Turkey, and the strains were found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics.


A method of rapidly determining the activity of papain was described.Established after many experiments,the method was characterized by simple operation and good repeatability.


OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical epidemiologic features of posttransfusion HCV nosocomial infection and to improve the methods of donor blood screening.METHODS The qualitative and quantitative HCV RNA in sera were tested, ALT and anti HCV in serum were tested simultanaeously.RESULTS In serum of donor blood which caused posttranfusion HCV infection,the mean quantity of HCV RNA was 10 8.65 copy/L.The positive rate of anti HCV in serum was increased with the quantity of HCV RNA.CONCLUSIONS There was a strong correlation between the quantity of HCV RNA and ALT value.Posttransfusion HCV infection could be caused by transfusing blood with low quantity of HCV RNA and exclusion of blood with elevated ALT or positive for anti HCV could reduce the cases of posttransfusion HCV infection.


Monica Pozzi: Writing on your essays, I have been trying to see what you meant by "revivifying the imagination" and to understand your personal reading of The Art of Memory by Frances Yates. It seems to me that imagination as you define it is not simply the Romantic imagination, not the imagination as Coleridge or Shelley thought of it, but that in your way of looking at reality, in your way of writing, the imagination becomes a link between the sensuous and the cognitive and is itself a cognitive faculty. That is why I tried to understand why you were so impressed by Buber. I thought it was because Buber helps people to avoid a freezing attitude to things, so that one thing does not always remain the same because you name it. While working on your essays, I was also reading Berkeley and Hume, who talk about the 'fictitiousness' of the imagination, and texts of classical rhetoric, where imagination is a faculty of the intellect, of the understanding, the means by which the understanding can collect its ideas from the senses and store them into memory. So I thought that perhaps your views about the imagination might entail its restoration as a cognitive faculty. Instead of building up another world, you might be trying to look at it, or at least to look at this world with peeled eyes.


A new concept developed by Motorola Communications and Electronics, Inc. for global personal communications is described. The system, called Iridium, will allow people to communicate by telephone to anywhere on the earth--on land, sea, or in the air--by using portable satellite-based radio-telephones. Callers using the new mobile system will not need to know the location of the person being called. They need only dial that person's telephone number to be connected instantly.


In this paper,city vulnerability is expressed with susceptibility,sensitivity,capacity of coping and resilience.Each can be explained from the way of economics,social condition and environment from the uay of economis,social condition and environment with detailed indexes.Finally,the evaluation system of city vulnerability is developed.


Since the publication of the Brundtland Report (WCED, 1987), the literature in the field of accounting engaged in covering the need for research on sustainable development through several approaches. The paper aims to present the current context of sustainable development worldwide, as well as to conduct a qualitative analysis of the efforts made by standard-setting bodies, representatives of accounting profession and professionals in the field, based on the public reports prepared and the studies conducted by the latter on sustainable development, with the purpose of emphasizing the influence of accounting and accounting profession on sustainable development. This research paper contributes to enriching literature in the field of accounting for sustainable development, by highlighting the important role of accounting, as well as the initiatives undertaken by stakeholders in this area to meet the 2030 Agenda for a better world (UN, 2015).


The purpose of this qualitative research was to (a) investigate how counseling intervention through art therapy influenced the psycho-emotional, social, physical, and spiritual self-development of school children who have conflicts and problems with their families and other institutions; and (b) to consider the practical implications of the findings for the future use of art therapy in school settings. A phenomenological research design was implemented, because the researcher was concerned with collecting qualitative data to describe the lived experiences of the people who participated in the research. Forty (40) participants were sampled from Grade IV pupils of Pedro H. Escueta Memorial School for the Academic Year 2015-2016 based on their attendance during the researcher's visits and their willingness to participate in the study. An Art therapy counseling intervention was implemented using the House- Tree- Person HTP) Test and the Draw- a- Person (DAP) Test. Before and after this intervention, a pre-evaluation and a post-evalution of the psychological needs of the pupils were conducted using the Psychological Needs Assessment Tool. After a series of six (6) sessions of art therapy counseling interventions, there were improvements in the different dimensions of the pupils' psycho-emotional, social and physical, spiritual and self –development needs. The findings were consistent with previous research concluding that art therapy counseling can be used in a school for pupils with special needs. The main recommendation based on this conclusion is that the teachers of Grade IV pupils at Pedro H. Escueta Memorial School along with other school officials are encouraged to implement art therapy as a counseling intervention. More research needs to be conducted at other schools, at other times, to generalize the results of this study.


Forearm blood flow and some constituents of effluent venous blood were studied after a sustained handgrip at 1/3, 1/4, and 1/8 of maximal voluntary contraction. The peak flow increased with contraction force and the increase was to a certain extent proportional to the increase in venous osmolality and lactate concentration but not to K+ or Po2, and consequently these factors might play a significant role in the regulation of exercise hyperemia although, in agreement with the often proposed contention, other factors seem to contribute.


Alzheimer's dementia patients are detected and managing service provision apparatus and method is disclosed. Dementia detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, the surrounding information signal, the position signal, a motion signal, the audio signal and the video signal to the physiological signal's dementia sensor are collected corresponding to dementia detection device, corresponding to the patient receiving unit for receiving; By analyzing the signals, the determination unit determining a characteristic of the dementia, including a lingual whether for whether the unconscious state of the patients with dementia, the situation for which the physiological signal generated; And comparing the characteristics and features of the dementia corresponding to dementia respectively, and based on the comparison result and determines a change in cognition, memory, power of expression on the basis of said change comprises part cognitive symptoms that recognize dementia .


The effect of different rates of biochar on selected soil properties and enzymatic activity 48, 60, and 72 months after biochar application to soil was investigated. Soil enzymatic activity (dehydrogenase—ADh; phosphatase—Aph; urease—AU), the organic carbon content (TOC), the total nitrogen content (Nt), the mineral nitrogen content (NH4+, NO3−), and soil pH were determined. The study was conducted on Haplic Podzol originating from glaciofluvial fine-grained loamy sand. Biochar was applied to soil under winter rye (Secale cereale L.) at rates of 10 (BC10), 20 (BC20), and 30 t ha−1 (BC30). Plots with biochar-unamended soil were the control treatment (BC0). The pH, TOC, and Nt content in the biochar-amended soil were higher compared to the control soil. A broader C:N ratio was found in the BC0 soil compared to BC10, BC20, and BC30. With increasing biochar rate, the content of the ammonium nitrogen form (NH4+) decreased and was statistically lower than in the control soil (BC0). The soil in the BC20 and BC30 treatments was characterized by the highest content of NO3-, whereas the lowest nitrate nitrogen content was found in the control soil (BC0). Biochar application increased soil enzymatic activity. Dehydrogenase activity increased with increasing biochar rate. As far as phosphatase and urease activity is concerned, a similar relationship was not observed. In this case, the soil amended with biochar at a rate of 20 t ha−1 (BC20) was characterized by the highest phosphatase and urease activity.


(ngan-mo or t'uei-na) was featured in the Classics. Chou Yu-fan (c. 1575) rediscovered and explained it in order to lessen pain (treating the body by rubbing, pressing with or between the fingers). Chapter 8: (pp. 152-57). Gymnastic or bodily exercises were recommended with breathing exercises. The Chinese gymnastic exercises (T'ai-chi ch'ian) were discussed with fifteen positions. Chapter 9: (pp. 158-62) offers other treatments (cupping glass). Chapter 10: (pp. 162-75) introduces a classification for Chinese drugs. Chapter 11: (pp. 176-83) foresees great possibilities in Chinese traditional medicine. Summing up I must say that this volume is most welcome not only for the armchair reader interested in Chinese medicine but also for research workers. A pictorial record is provided by 40 plates and a bibliography gives detailed references to almost every section. The book is written to encompass the interests of both historians and practitioners of Chinese medicine. This is a most unusual work-indeed, it is probably unique-for it offers us a well-researched and documented history of spices, followed by a botanical description of the individual spice plants, with special reference to the parts of the plant used, and an account of the spice trade. As if this were not enough we are regaled with a great array of culinary recipes in which spices are best employed. Before discovering this factual information on the contents of the book, our enthusiasm is aroused by the splendour of the production. The wealth of illustration, and particularly the superb colour plates, testify to the close collaboration of author and publisher in ensuring that no expense would be spared in making this the definitive work on the subject. The importance of spices in the history of medical treatment is well known. From the time of ancient Egypt, when the labourers building the temples and pyramids were given onions and garlic to preserve their health, to the present day, they have entered into a great number of medicinal preparations. The apothecary began as the medieval spicer and many of the old household accounts of the sovereign reveal the vast sums that were often expended on the supply of spices. The fortunes to be made in the spice trade provided one of the incentives for the great voyages to the Indies which resulted in the discovery of America, and in succeeding centuries botanists and agriculturists vied with each other in efforts, often unsuccessful, to naturalize some of these …


My long-term goal is to evaluate the effects of sea ice on the stratif ication and circulation in and around Barrow Canyon. In addition, I want to quantify the salt balance and salt transport in connection with surface salt injection from winter polynyas in the Chukchi Sea and Barr ow Canyon re gion. The short-term goal is to use a stand-alone ocean model; the ong term goal is to repeat the numerical experi ments using a fully coupled ice-ocean model.


SIR,-In the second interview with Mr William Waldegrave he talked about inequalities and low pay in the NHS.' The National Health Service is the largest public employer in the United Kingdom, with just over a million full time equivalent staff. Brown and Rowthorn of the industrial relations and economics departments at Cambridge have produced an authoritative review of pay in the public sector during the 1980s.1 This covers the 10 years since the publication of the official report on social inequalities in health.3 The table gives their main relevant findings. Two baselines are needed to correct for the Clegg award of 1979/80 intended to reduce anomalies between public and price sectors. The contrast between higher and lower paid employees in the NHS highlights the growth in material inequalities described elsewhere.4'8 Brown and Rowthorn comment that the position of "portering and hospital orderly staff has deteriorated far more than that of the unskilled in the economy as a whole . . . [those] who have fared worse throughout the public services are the least educated." Differentials in male mortality between social classes during the period 1970-2 to 1979-83 have increased more in NHS staff than in the general population. The standardised mortality ratio of hospital porters in 1979-83 was over twice that of doctors, dentists, and opticians.' The question has been raised before whether organised medicine should become more involved in these inevitably "political" issues.4 Laissez faire market economics and current social defences evidently are not adequate. Two possible, relatively uncontroversial, areas where medicine might be able to contribute are child poverty and, in a long tradition, the crisis in housing.4 Does this issue of pay in the NHS present another opportunity for a useful contribution? The latest, 1990, figures of pay for male NHS "ancillaries" as a whole are again strikingly low, among the lowest of full time manual workers. The regular hourly pay of hospital porters, for


Recent reports of the isolation of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., affected by haemorrhagic kidney syndrome (HKS) suggest that ISAV can cause severe renal haemorrhage and necrosis in addition to well-known pathognomonic hepatocellular necrosis and haemorrhage. The prevalence of ISAV-induced pathognomonic renal HKS lesions and their correlation to pathognomonic hepatic lesions of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is not known. The present experimental infection of Atlantic salmon with a Canadian isolate of ISAV found that pathognomonic hepatic ISA lesions were present in 90.6% and pathognomonic renal HKS lesions in 78.1% of fish which died after the experimental challenge. Both pathognomonic hepatic ISA lesions and pathognomonic renal HKS lesions were found together in 65.6% of fish which died after ISAV challenge. The present study clearly demonstrates that ISAV can cause a very high prevalence of both HKS and ISA pathognomonic lesions.


The Notch pathway is involved in cell differentiation processes in various organs and at several developmental stages. The importance of Notch for early T lymphocyte development is well established. Recently, Notch has been implicated in directing naive T helper cell differentiation towards the Th1, Th2 or regulatory T cell lineages. However, the molecular events underlying these processes are poorly understood.We show that the Notch ligands Delta‐like1, Delta‐like4 and Jagged1 differentially affect early T cell activation and proliferation following T cell receptor cross‐linking. Delta‐like1 and Jagged1 induce a dose‐dependent inhibition of early activation markers CD69 and CD25, as well as inhibition of proliferation after anti‐CD3 stimulation of purified CD4+ T cells. Similarly, the rapid activation of transcription factors NF‐AT, AP‐1 and NF‐κB is suppressed. In contrast, triggering of Notch by Delta‐like4 enhances T cell activation and proliferation. The observed effects are dependent on simultaneous cross‐linking of TCR and Notch but independent of γ‐secretase‐mediated cleavage of Notch. These data suggest direct interference between Notch and early TCR signal transduction events, independent of the classical Notch pathway via release of the Notch intracellular domain. A Notch‐mediated alteration of TCR signaling strength may contribute to the recently described modulation of naïve T cell differentiation by Notch ligands.


OBJECTIVES: This study examined the construct validity of two cognitive scales from the federally mandated Minimum Data Set (MDS) of the nursing home Resident Assessment Instrument.


The problems of higher school teachers training to using distance technologies in education are considered in the article. The authors gives examples of empiric research of students' motivation in choosing distance learning carried out at Perm State Technical University, as well as recommendations for improving distance students' training.


Traditional Western blotting (WB) may not reflect true target protein amount due to interference from enzymic activity during sample preparation. In-Cell Western (ICW) blotting has proved to have advantages over the traditional WB. However, ICW has not been used to study burn-induced cardiac dysfunction. This study will explore the efficacy of ICW in the study of burn-induced cardiac dysfunction.

 Human cardiomyocytes (Ac16) were cultured in serum from rats with/without 60% of total body surface area (TBSA) burn injury. Cultured cells were permeabilized by Tritons-100 X, 1st anti-targeted protein antibodies were added and incubated, and, finally, two fluorescence-conjugated 2nd antibodies (one red and one blue) were added and incubated. LI-COR Odyssey CLx scanner was employed to obtain images and LI-COR Image Studio 4.0 software was used to analyze image and GraphPad Prism 8.0 software was used to determine image density.

 ICW proved to be a good tool to study burn injury. Our ICW data showed that burn serum resulted in 1) increased cardiomyocyte PARP1 (leading to increased protein acetylation); 2) increased damage of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial DNA replication (via increase in mitochondrial Fis1and BCBN proteins and decrease in parkin and POLG proteins); and 3) a decrease of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial biogenesis (with increase in inflammation-related proteins, apoptosis-related proteins, and decrease Brf2-ARE-related proteins).

 This study provides preliminary evidence that ICW may be a novel tool to study burn injury and confirms that burn-injury induced cardiomyocyte mitochondrial dysfunction occurs via damage of mitDNA replication, involving inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways.


Formulations in terms of scalar potentials are proposed to solve the static field problems occurring when computing the parameters of a Cauer ladder network representation of two-pole devices involving eddy-current effects. The curl equations are satisfied by efficiently generating vector potentials describing the known flux density and current density and introducing unknown scalar potentials to represent the electric and magnetic field intensities. The scalar potentials are approximated using nodal basis functions in the finite-element realization, thus leading to Poisson equations to be easily solved. A simple numerical example illustrates the method.


I. Introduction, 349. — II. Swaps and Roosa Bonds as substitutes for conversion of dollars into gold, 349. — III. A portfolio behavior model for reserve assets, 351. — IV. Empirical results, 353. — V. Summary and conclusions, 355. — Appendix, 355.


Background: The relationship between the biomechanical dose of rehabilitation exercises administered after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and the healing response of the graft and knee is not well understood. Hypothesis: After ACL reconstruction, rehabilitation administered with either accelerated or nonaccelerated programs produces the same change in the knees' 6 degrees of freedom, or envelope, laxity values. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with a bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft were randomized to rehabilitation with either accelerated (19 week) or nonaccelerated (32 week) programs. At the time of surgery, and then 3, 6, 12, and 24 months later, the 6 degrees of freedom knee laxity values were measured using roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis and clinical, functional, and patient-oriented outcome measures. Results: Eighty-five percent of those enrolled were followed through 2 years. Laxity of the reconstructed knee was restored to within the limits of the contralateral, normal side at the time of surgery (baseline) in all participants. Patients in both programs underwent a similar increase in the envelope of knee laxity over the 2-year follow-up interval (anterior-posterior translation 3.2 vs 4.5 mm, and coupled internal-external rotations 2.6° vs 1.9° for participants in the accelerated and nonaccelerated programs, respectively). Those who underwent accelerated rehabilitation experienced a significant improvement in thigh muscle strength at the 3-month follow-up (P < .05) compared with those who participated in nonaccelerated rehabilitation, but no differences between the programs were seen after this time interval. At the 2-year follow-up, the groups were similar in terms of clinical assessment, patient satisfaction, function, proprioception, and isokinetic thigh muscle strength. Conclusion: Rehabilitation with the accelerated and nonaccelerated programs administered in this study produced the same increase in the envelope of knee laxity. A majority of the increase in the envelope of knee laxity occurred during healing when exercises were advanced and activity level increased. Patients in both programs had the same clinical assessment, functional performance, proprioception, and thigh muscle strength, which returned to normal levels after healing was complete. For participants in both treatment programs, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) assessment of quality of life did not return to preinjury levels.


Recent development of the methodology of occupational cancer research was reviewed, in regard to the experimental and epidemiological approach. The author's attention was directed toward the evaluation of the results of animal experiment, particularly toward the standardization of carcinogenic potency, presented by Horton and Denman. Concerning the epidemiological methods, a paper prepared by the Committee on Occupational Cancer of Council of Industrial Health, U.S.A. 1948 was chiefly introduced. A result obtained by the present author was also quoted, comparing the date which showed about a double high "relative frequency" of lung cancer among workers in chromium and nicickel industries in comparison with the expected, to the other which resulted in the same conclusion by means of the computation of age adjusted death rates from the same material. In the latter, the observed lung cancer deaths were compared to the expected, calculated from the population record in the same year, and showed again significantly a higher figure (p=0.01) in the above mentioned industries. The result implies that the "relative frequency" would be useful when the denominator for computing a death rate is not available, although there are some limitations. Biochemical studies on the induction of the bladder cancer, developed by Bonser, Boyland and others were discussed, with ultimate hope that ideas akin to this in the study of occupational cancer would lead to the elucidation of other "natural cancers" among human beings. Finally the author did not forget to add that studies in this field be much more vigorously promoted in this country in light of rapid development of industrialization.


Mass spectrometry (MS) is widely regarded as the most sensitive and specific general purpose analytical technique. More than a century has passed for MS since the ground-breaking work of Nobel laureate Sir Joseph John Thomson in 1913. This Colloquium aims to (1) give an historical overview of the major instrumentation achievements that have driven mass spectrometry forward in the past century, including those leading up to the initial work of Thomson, (2) provide the nonspecialist with an introduction to MS, and (3) highlight some key applications of MS and explore the current and future trends. Because of the vastness of the subject area and quality of the manifold research efforts that have been undertaken over the last 100 years, which have contributed to the foundations and subsequent advances in mass spectrometry, it should be understood that not all of the key contributions may have been included in this Colloquium. Mass spectrometry has embraced a multitude of scientific disciplines and to recognize all of the achievements is an impossible task, such has been the diverse impact of this invaluable technique. Scientific progress is usually made via the cumulative effort of a large number of researchers; the achievements reported herein are only a representation of that effort.


Tire comprising a tread (16), a belt structure (14), and a housing, the tread (16) at least one groove (18) having a groove depth (DG) extending from an initial surface of the tread to the base of the groove (18), and a color of the tread comprising the tread (16) at least one wear indicator tread (24) the wear indicator of the tread at least two parts of different colors (26, 28, 30) comprising, deferring at least two different colors of color of the tread where wear indicator band tread (24) in a material strip inclined at an angle (s) relative to the surface of the tread and extending to a depth (DR) at least equivalent to the groove depth (DG), characterized by the fact that the wear indicator strip of the tread (24 ) Is inclined at an angle (Beta) of not more than 60 ° relative to the surface of the tread (16), and by the fact that the wear indicator strip of the tread (24) has a length (L) and at least the radially outer portion having a length of at least 50% of the length (L) of the band (24) is formed from one of at least two different colors and the radially inner portion having a length of at most 50% of the length of the band is formed from two different colors, with the band (24) three different colors.


This paper proposed a fast recognition method of high temperature melts based on wavelet decomposition and multi-resolution analysis.Firstly,reduced the grey level of the original histogram by using the wavelet decomposition,and so was the search area of the segmentation threshold.Then found the segmentation threshold by applying Otsu's algorithm.Experimental results show that the method can recognize the object accurately and quickly.


Metal sorption and biomineralization largely reflect the availability of dissolved metals in hydrosphere systems. The metal-loaded bacteria has profound implications for the transfer of metals from the hydrosphere to the sediments. Microorganisms will have played an important role in metal deposition under various temperature conditions. The microorganisms concentrate aqueous dissolved metals onto cell walls and at intracellular sites, during the life cycle, and strongly bind metals during early diagenesis. A sequence is observed in which amorphous cations concentrated at cell walls are progressively transformed to microcrystalline aggregates of carbonate, silicate, Mn-Fe oxides, and clay minerals . The bioprecipitated oxides and oxyhydroxides act as scavengers for heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sr, and U, in the aqueous toxic-metal dispersion environment. The biomineralization of bacterial cells has been followed in a laboratory simulation by electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Several kinds of bacteria were examined for the ability to remove heavy metals from solution. SEM-EDX, TEM, XRF and XRD results indicated that most of metals accumulated at the cell surface as crystalline precipitates after several days of aging.


New England coastal frontogenesis is investigated on the basis of individual and climatological case studies. The results suggest that differential friction plays the role of the synoptic scale geostrophic deformation in packing the isotherms together for this mesoscale boundary-layer frontal phenomenon. An initial temperature gradient must be present for the differential friction mechanism to be effective. Geostrophic deformation is incapable of initiating coastal frontogenesis while the maximum area of observed deformation coincides with the location of the developing front.

Coastal frontogenesis is associated with a pronounced sea level cold anticyclone to the north and east of New England in all cases studied. Differential friction between the northerly inland flow and the more easterly onshore flow then sets up favourable shoreline deformation and convergence fields leading to frontogenesis in the presence of differential thermal stratification. The time scale for an order-of-magnitude increase in the horizontal temperature gradient appears to be one-half to one day depending upon the contribution of differential diabatic heating.

The orientation of the New England shoreline is such as to favour frontogenesis across extreme eastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island. An axis of relatively high precipitation is noted just to the west of this favoured locale on the climatological charts, consistent with a thermally direct circulation about the front.


In the contemporary Higher Education context, the most obvious advantage of large classes is economic. There is an economy of scale relative to the efficient use of the time and skill of academics as well as the cost of the associated infrastructure.

This paper documents the experiences of the authors in the delivery of a core communication service course to some 3,000 students annually at the University of Southern Queensland. The authors consider that effective teaching and learning can occur within this environment - that with dedication and commitment, teaching large numbers offers a unique and rewarding experience.


The aim of this paper is to present a general approach to the problem of shape preserving interpolation. The problem of convexity preserving interpolation using C 1 Hermite splines with one free generating function is considered.


Objective: Psychological risk factors (PRFs) are associated with impaired learning and memory in HIV-infected (HIV+) women. We determined the dynamic nature of the effects of PRFs and HIV serostatus on learning and memory over time. Design: Multicenter, prospective cohort study. Methods: Every 2 years between 2009 and 2013 (three times), 646 HIV+ and 300 demographically similar HIV-uninfected (HIV−) women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study completed neuropsychological testing and questionnaires measuring PRFs [perceived stress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive symptoms]. Using mixed-effects regressions, we examined separate and interactive associations between HIV-serostatus and PRFs on performance over time. Results: HIV+ and HIV− women had similar rates of PRFs. Fluency was the only domain in which performance over time depended on the combined influence of HIV-serostatus and stress or PTSD (P < 0.05), not depression. In HIV, higher stress and PTSD were associated with a greater cognitive decline in performance (P < 0.05) vs. lower stress and PTSD. Irrespective of time, performance on learning and memory depended on the combined influence of HIV-serostatus and stress or PTSD (P ⩽ 0.05). In the context of HIV, stress and PTSD were negatively associated with performance. Effects were pronounced on learning among HIV+ women without effective treatment or viral suppression. Regardless of time or HIV-serostatus, all PRFs were associated with lower speed, global neuropsychological, and executive function. Conclusion: More than depression, perceived stress and PTSD symptoms are treatment targets to potentially improve fluency, learning, and memory in women living with HIV particularly when HIV treatment is not optimal.


On the basis of the general stress model and uncertainty management theory,the present study examines the effects of sci-tech talents' perceived job insecurity and interactional justice on creative behavior as well as the underlying mechanism.The hypotheses are tested through the hierarchical regression analysis of 468 longitudinal dyads samples.The results indicate that there are significantly negative effects of quantitative job insecurity and qualitative job insecurity on sci- tech talents' creative behaviors.Furthermore,the findings also show that the hypotheses about the moderating role of interactional justice in the associations between sci- tech talents' perceived job insecurity and creative behaviors are also supported.The results indicate that interactional justice can alleviate effectively the negative impact of job insecurity on creative behavior,the higher sci- tech talents' perceived interactional justice,the smaller the effect of job insecurity on creative behavior.


antineoplastic effects of butyrate have not been fully elucidated.3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzymeA(HMG-CoA-)reduc- Several mechanisms have been proposed, ranging from histonetase inhibitors (HRI) are widely used and well-tolerated hyperacetylation as a result of histone deacetylase inhibitionpharmaceuticals for treating clinical hypercholesterolemia (1). to influence on oncogene expression and interaction withThey prevent formation of mevalonate, a short-chain fatty extracellular matrix proteins (18,19). As recently published byacid, from HMG-CoA and thereby inhibit cholesterol synthesis. us, there is increasing evidence that a nuclear receptor, termedHowever, their effects on cultured and malignant cells appear PPAR-γ, may also have a key role in the differentiation processto be mediated by their inhibition of mevalonate and subse- of colorectal cancer cells (20). In addition, it has been suggestedquent nonsterol metabolites (2), which have been identified as that butyrate's antiproliferative effects may be linked to theessential factors for cell cycle progression (3). Interestingly, inhibition of mevalonate-mediated cell growth (16).tumour cells appear to have higher demands for these Recently, it has been shown that lovastatin, another HMG-metabolites than normal cells (4). Farnesyl- (FPP) and CoA reductase inhibitor, reduces proliferation of myeloidgeranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP), intermediates in the leukemic and colon cancer (HT-29) cells (21,22) and inducesG


Abstract This paper explores the role of media, and in particular Comic Relief plea films (2013), in scripting understandings of poverty and development. The films represent a coding of poverty that is embedded with wider geographical imaginings that essentially abstract knowledge and produce assumptions about particular places that remain premised on hegemonic Global North ideas about the world and how it works. As a result the Global South is often constructed and represented through images that are ambiguous and uncritical, and greatly hamper understandings of everyday life in the South. Through the Comic Relief (2013) films, the paper explores soft understandings of poverty and development, considering Northern complicity in the (re)production of representations and the challenge of constructing causal responsibility through media discourses of problem-solving. This paper unpacks hegemonic Global North scripting of poverty and development through an examination of visual discourses, critiquing the construction of prioritised narratives and, by extension, pointing towards those knowledges that remain silenced.


The fatty acids analysis consisted in their extraction and processing for their analysis through transesterification and gas-chromatographic analysis GC. Therefore, the following stages were covered: total fat extraction, the obtaining of fatty acids methyl acids, the separation and identification of methyl esters through gaseous phase chromatography (GC). Fatty acids were identified by means of the gas-chromatograph, respectively those which had standards: the capric, lauric, mystiric, palmitic, palmitoleic acids, the heptadecanois, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arahidonic acids. As specialty literature data referring to the optimum derivatising method for buffalo milk fatty acids are contradictory, several methods have been tested and compared. The gas-chromatographic separation of components in a mixture depend on: the nature of the distribution isotherm; sample size; the nature of the vector gas; temperature programming and the eluant flow; phase nature; detector type.


Introduction: One of the many decisions made in the households, which has consequences on family wellbeing, is the timing and spacing of children. According to WHO birth spacing should be maintained at least two to three years to improve maternal health, reduce infant and child mortality.
Aims & Objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitude regarding birth spacing methods among primigravida mothers attending antenatal OPD at a selected hospital, Kamrup (M), Assam.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive survey research design was adopted and purposive sampling technique was carried out to collect the samples. The sample size was 100 primigravida mothers who were attending antenatal OPD at Maternity and Child Welfare Hospital, Dhirenpara, Guwahati, Assam and who fulfills the inclusion criteria.
Results: Study findings showed that majority i.e. 48% respondents have inadequate knowledge, 46% respondents have moderate knowledge and 6% have adequate level of knowledge. Also Majority i.e. 78% respondents have moderately desirable attitude, 22% have desirable attitude and 0% had undesirable attitude regarding birth spacing methods. There was moderate positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r=0.309). There was significant association of knowledge with education, occupation and pregnancy in months, and also attitude with pregnancy in months, previous information regarding birth spacing and source of information.
Conclusion: Study found that knowledge were inadequate with moderately desirable attitude, therefore there should be more awareness programmes related to birth spacing methods among primigravida mothers. So as to improve their level of knowledge and to have a positive attitude towards birth spacing.

Key words: primigravida, mothers, birth spacing, knowledge, attitude, contraceptive.


Economists economist's economics of have interest education been both involved became as a commodity, with a discipline. education exhibiting Education long features before draws of the the a Economists economics of education became a discipline. Education draws the economist's interes both s a commodity, xhibiting features of a "public good," a consumption and a capital good, and as a "production" process. A marked step in the establishment of the field has been the reinvention and broadening of the human capital aspect of education by Strumilin in the USSR in the 1930's and Schulz and Denison in the U. S. in the late 1950's.1


This book is a (dual) biography in the best tradition of such life writing. It tells the stories of two prominent figures of the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe, and uses the deep context of their life histories to makes sense not only of the razing of Prophetstown, but of conflict in the early-national Midwest more generally. The result is sometimes compelling, sometimes disappointing, and always genuinely entertaining reading. William Henry Harrison probably needs no introduction to the readers of this journal. Born into a prominent Virginia political family, Harrison was Indiana's first territorial governor and the leader of U.S. forces at the battle that eventually provided him the nickname "Old Tippecanoe." He subsequently served as a wartime general, a peacetime congressman and senator, and as U.S. president for an underwhelming thirty-one days, before his death from pneumonia in 1841. Adam Jortner pairs Harrison here not with Tecumseh, as one might expect, but with Tenskwatawa, more often known in government records simply as the (Shawnee) Prophet. Readers may be less familiar with this religious and civil leader than with his war-chief older brother. Tenskwatawa rose to prominence among the Ohio Shawnee and many other groups in the region after experiencing visions during the winter of 1804–5. He preached that the Great Spirit had instructed him that "the red people" would now be guided in the "proper way of living" through the Prophet and his example (p. 98). Tenskwatawa's message of complete abstinence from alcohol consumption, tenacious protection of Indian land claims, and full separation from EuroAmericans, their trade, and their ways, set him and his followers on a collision course with Harrison and the U.S. Army. This book aims to advance the argument that conflict between Harrison and the Prophet was emblematic of a broader "Holy War" between a developing pan-Indian traditionalism and a Euro-American deistic sense of Providence. Ultimately, in Jortner's view, the War of 1812 in the West "was very much a


A method of forming layers of a molded body of photopolymerizable material (20) altaviscosidad, wherein a build platform (12), on whose underside the first delcuerpo layer molded to form hardens, is deposited on a tray (4) in the polymerizable to a alturadeterminada photoresist, so that between the underside of the platform construction or when it is already present, hardened lower Lacapa (22) of the part of the molded body formed therein and the bottom tray (6) layer of photopolymerizable material thickness predetermined layer is defineuna, the layer is illuminated through selective deiluminacion from below through a transparent bottom of the tray in the desired shape and seendurece, rises again building platform, photo-polymerizable material to zonailuminada is conducted under elevated platform construction and the preceding steps are repeated until the haformado last layer of the molded body, characterized in that for driving photoresist polimerizablea the illuminated area below the build platform one elongate mixing element (32) essentially transversely to its longitudinal direction on the bottom of the tray relative moving it under laplataforma building through the lit and that the mixing element (32) has talesdimensiones and moves positioned such that the upper edge of the mixing element remains lolargo a part of its length below the zone photopolymerizable material, which exists below lazona lit in the tray.


Objective:To observe the effects of migration to high altitude on auditory-visual cognitive functions.Methods:119 young males were randomly divided into two groups:(1)group Ⅰ,39 cases,who had lived at 1400 m for one year;(2)group Ⅱ,80 cases,who had migrated from 1400 m to 3700 m high altitude and had lived there for three months.The quotients of attention were measured by integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test(IVA-CPT),and the effects of migration to high altitude on auditory-visual cognitive functions were analyzed by intergroup comparison.Results:Compared with groupⅠ,the auditory speed quotient(SpdA)and visual speed quotient(SpdV)in group Ⅱ decreased significantly(P0.05),while other indexes showed no significant differences.Conclusion:Migrating to high altitude can impair human cognitive functions of auditory-visual attention.


Electromagnetic (EM) waves used to send signals under seawater are normally restricted to low frequencies ( f ) because of sudden exponential increases of attenuation ( α ) at higher f . The mathematics of EM wave propagation in seawater demonstrate dependence on relative permeability ( μr ), relative permittivity ( εr ), conductivity ( σ ), and f of transmission. Estimation of εr and σ based on the W. Ellison interpolation model was performed for averaged real‐time data of temperature ( T ) and salinity ( S ) from 1955 to 2012 for all oceans with 41088 latitude/longitude points and 101 depth points up to 5500 m. Estimation of parameters such as real and imaginary parts of εr , εr′ , εr″ , σ , loss tangent (tan δ ), propagation velocity ( Vp ), phase constant ( β ), and α contributes to absorption loss ( La ) for seawater channels carried out by using normal distribution fit in the 3 GHz–40 GHz f range. We also estimated total path loss ( LPL ) in seawater for given transmission power Pt and antenna (dipole) gain. MATLAB is the simulation tool used for analysis.