Objective To determine the contents of total flaronoids in decoction of compound Daqing Long Granules so as to provide a basis for quality control.Methods Liquiritin as reference by UV-spectrophotometry the content of total flavonoids.Results Total flavonoids in Daqing Long Granules maximum absorption at 334 nm,Liquiritin at the range of 2.65-15.94 μg.ml-1 good linearity,r= 0.9997.The average was 98.93% and RSD was 2.48%(n= 6).Conclusion This method is simple,reproducible,and can be used as determination of total flavonoids.


ABSTRACT Nanotechnology has wide applications in many fields, especially in the biological sciences and medicine. Nanomaterials are applied as potential materials for treatment and diagnosis. The development of nanofibers has greatly enhanced the scope for fabricating designs that can be potentially used in medical sciences. The application of polymeric nanofibers in biomaterials sciences and tissue engineering review in four sections: skin and eye, neural and cardiovascular tissues, musculoskeletal and urological tissues, drug and biological materials' delivery. The present review summarizes the currently available applications of nanofibers in skin and eye tissues. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Phenytoin sodium was microencapsulated with ethylcellulose (EC) by a coacervation-phase separation method from ethyl acetate solution to develop a prolonged release dosage form of phenytoin. Release of phenytoin from the microcapsules (phenytoin sodium/EC) was evaluated by the JP dissolution test in JP disintegration media No. 1 and No. 2. The release rates of phenytoin from phenytoin sodium powders were extremely rapid in both media, however, the release rates from the microcapsules were much more retarded. Following the oral administration of microcapsules to rabbits, prolonged plasma concentrations of phenytoin were obtained, while microcapsules orally administered to human subjects showed prolonged urinary excretion of phenytoin metabolites.


Objective To investigate the 1098A/G gene polymorphism of the human bradykinin B1 receptor in essential hypertensive female patients and the relationship between 1098A/G gene polymorphism and antihypertensive response to ACEI. Methods One hundred fifty female patients with essential hypertensive were received ACEI for four weeks and compare with reduction of BP in different genomic . The 1098A/G was genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction enzyme digestion methods. Results the genotype frequencies were 78.5% ,19.6%,1.9% for AA ,GA,GG, respectively; The reduction of SBP in patients carrying AA and GA + GG were 25. 21±13. 69 mmHg and 34. 50±12. 56 mm-Hg, respectively. A significant difference greater in patients among the two groups was found (P0.05) . Conclusion The reduction of SBP was significantly greater in patients with the G allele, suggesting that the 1098 A/G polymorphism of human bradykinin B1 receptor extron was possibly related to the response to ACEI in essential hypertensive patients.


Strong evidence of the existence of the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background (SGWB) has been reported by the NANOGrav, PPTA, EPTA and CPTA collaborations. The Bayesian posteriors of the Gravitational-Wave Background (GWB) amplitude and spectrum are compatible with current astrophysical predictions for the GWB from the population of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). In this paper, we discuss the corrections arising from the extra scalar or vector radiation to the characteristic dimensionless strain in PTA experiments and explore the possibility to detect charges surrounding massive black holes, which could give rise to SGWB with vector or scalar polarizations. The parametrized frequency-dependent characteristic dimensionless strain is used to take a Bayesian analysis and the Bayes factor is also computed for charged and neutral SMBHBs. The Bayesian posterior of GWB tensor amplitude is $\log_{10} A_T=-14.85^{+0.26}_{-0.38}$ and spectral exponent $\alpha=-0.60^{+0.32}_{-0.36}$. The Bayesian posterior for vector or scalar amplitude $A_{V, S}$ is nearly flat and there is nearly no constraint from the current observation data. The Bayesian factor is $0.71$ far less than 100, so the current observation can not support the existence of the charged SMBHB.


Dual-purpose canola means cutting or grazing the crop and then letting it to re-grow and produce grain with no or little yield penalty similar to dual-purpose cereals. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of cutting on seed and biomass yields, weed density, fresh and dry biomass of canola at New Developmental Farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during winter 2009- 10. The experiment consisted of cutting treatments i.e. cut and no cut was in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Cutting treatments significantly suppressed weed density, weed fresh and dry biomass and seed and biomass yield of canola. Cutting of canola for fodder 70 days after sowing considerably trimmed down weed density and their fresh and dry biomass. Similarly, it also radically decreased seed and biomass yield of canola. It is concluded that canola can be used for both fodder and seed production but at the cost of about 27% yield penalty though weeds are suppressed.


The effect of the Umklapp process matrix elements of the SDW periodic potential is studied on the basis of an anisotropic two-dimensional band modeling the Bechgaard salts. The matrix elements are calculated by using one-electron eigen wave functions obtained in the normal state in the magnetic field with due regard to the dimerization along the conducting a -axis. When the number of holes in the band slightly deviates from the stoichiometric value due to impurities etc., Umklapp matrix elements produce small gaps of order 0.03 meV apart from the bigger Landau band gaps in the energy spectrum. These gaps pulsate reaching zero with a period close to the smallperiod observed in the phenomenon of the title. Plausible arguments are given to explain to phenomenon in terms of the Zener tunneling of current carriers through these pulsating small gaps.


An adaptive nodeless variable finite element method for analysis of convectively-cooled solid is presented. The method solves two-dimensional heat transfer in solid coupling with one-dimensional heat transfer of fluid flow in channel. The nodeless variable finite element concept is introduced to increase the solution accuracy without adding the actual nodes. An adaptive finite element technique is incorporated to further improve the overall analysis solution accuracy. Several examples are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method by comparing the predicted solution with the exact solution and/or the solution from solving the full Navier-Stokes equations.


A design scheme of a new high-speed high-power permanent magnet linear synchronous motor for the driving source of impact acceleration simulation device is proposed. The electromagnetic properties of no-load back EMF, cogging force, air gap flux density and electromagnetic thrust are calculated by finite element method. The maximum theoretical thrust of the linear motor is obtained. Besides, the characteristic curves of electromagnetic thrust and initial phase angle of current are obtained. The structure of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor is optimized and analyzed. The motor thrusts under different structure scheme are also compared, and a good design scheme of high speed and high power permanent magnet linear synchronous motor is proposed. The research in this paper is of great reference significance to the further research on this type of motor.


There is misconception of occupants' satisfaction and experience in building performance
evaluation due to inadequacy of in-depth studies on each, which resulted to insufficiency of facts
about their structure, determinant variables, effects of socioeconomic attributes and conditions
under which they are connected. Objective of the study were to identify the building
performance levels and differences between occupants' satisfaction and experience, effects of
socioeconomic attributes on them and propose a framework to evaluate public housing
performance using occupants' satisfaction and experience. Building Use Studies (BUS)
Methodology, UK questionnaire was adapted and used on a license agreement. Systematic
random sampling was used to collect data from 300 occupants of four (4) public housing estates
in Gombe metropolis Nigeria. Two independent factors of tangible and intangible building
features were conceptualised. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used in the pilot survey to
identify the factorability of the variables. The Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in AMOS
software was used to validate the constructs and develop two structural equation models (SEM)
based on occupants satisfaction and experience. The models were subjected to multi CFA
moderation method to determine the effects of socioeconomic attributes of the occupants. The
results indicated differences in performance of features based on occupants' satisfaction and
experience. The SEM moderation results showed that education and income moderates
occupants' satisfaction, while they does not moderates occupants' experience. Therefore, the
study concluded with emphasis on the importance of occupants experience as an objective
measure of building performance against occupants' satisfaction's subjectivity. Based on that, a
framework to evaluate public housing performance using occupants' satisfaction and experience
was proposed.


Context: The "free hormone" hypothesis suggests that the free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD Free ) level may usefully indicate bone health. Objective: To determine which vitamin D measure is optimally correlated with clinical and bone parameters in healthy children. Design and Participants: A cross-sectional study including 146 healthy children (71 boys, 9.5±1.9 years) at a tertiary med-ical center. Main Outcome Measures: We used a multiplex liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based assay to simultaneously measure vitamin D metabolites. The 25OHD Free level was directly measured (m-25OHD Free ) or calculated using genotype-constant or genotype-specific affinity coefficients of vitamin D-binding proteins (con-25OHD Free or spe-25OHD Free ). Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The concentrations of total 25OHD (25OHD Total ), the three forms of 25OHD Free , and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 correlated with parathyroid hormone levels (all p<0.01). Serum 25OHD Total and m-25OHD Free levels reflected age, puberty, season, body mass index (BMI), daylight hours, and vitamin D intake (all p<0.05). The con-25OHD Free level better reflected puberty and daylight hours than did the spe-25OHD Free level (both p<0.01). The association between the 25OHD Total level and bone parameters varied according to the BMI (interaction p<0.05). In 109 normal-weight children, the con-25OHD Free level correlated with BMC and BMD (both p<0.05), but the 25OHD Total and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 levels were associated with BMC (both p<0.05). No association was found in overweight or obese children. Conclusions: In healthy children, total and free 25OHD levels comparably reflected lifestyle factors. In normal-weight children, the


Assessment is an integral part of academic practice models and by no means the easiest from a pedagogical perspective. Assessment can change the student's perception and attitudes towards learning and consequently the way in which they manage their curricular expectations and further career development. Learning outcomes indicate what is expected of students, help staff plan the delivery and provide students and employers with descriptors of the levels of knowledge and skills achieved. The challenge of any assessment method is to measure with rigour and fairness the level to which learning outcomes have been met. This communicates to students and employers, a sound mechanism for comparing the quality of the educational experience. The research aimed to design and implement an assessment model that recognises individual contributions of students within a team based on the work of the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP). The question being asked in this research was: "can the work of the International Personality Item Pool which measures Personality and Other Individual Differences be used to express an innovative, rigorous and fair assessment process of individuals and teams so that students are better prepared to develop their own careers mirroring the way individuals work in teams". The methodology proposed recognises, measures and rewards the contributions of individuals, teams and teamwork efforts associated with engineering and technology business tasks as part of a career development and employability program. The research showed that through empirical and scientific methods that the proposed principles are a sound representation of an innovative assessment model that is rigorous and fair as it is based on scientifically proven constructs by the scientific Journal of Institutional Research in South East Asia – Vol. 15 No.2 Oct/Nov 2017 6 community which enables academic practitioners to enable students career development within their academic study.


ABSTRACT The article presents artistic-led research focused on Belgian colonial films. It aims to reconnect the narrative aspect of the films with the experience of time, which Paul Ricoeur relates to memory. This memory is explored by a particular technique: taking notes during the film screening and subsequently revising them. The focus is on the notes Alexander Schellow wrote on two films shot during the colonial expedition in northern Congo led by Armand Hutereau between 1911 and 1913. Schellow's artistic practice of drawing and animation sharpened his gaze on the agency of the cameras, which becomes readable and visible through his notes. Inspired by Maya Deren, it is argued that this subjective experience of writing notes during the film screening is a manipulation of reality that enables us to understand with much greater acuity the major political phenomena that were at work, such as the transfiguration operated by camera in the first years of the colonial project, transforming a territory into a consumable commodity.


The conventional Lie group approach is extended successfully to give out the group explanation to the new conditional similarity reductions obtained by modifying the Clarkson and Kruskal's (CK's) direct method for the (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation.


This paper mainly introduces the teaching reform of complex function and integral transform for students of engineering,and emphatically discusses how to improve the teaching effect from the three aspects as below: the reasonable arrangement of content that is taught,the improvement of means of instruction and the corresponding upswing of testing methods.


Construction of a hull generally requires several plates and profile material. Early indications for shipbuilding indicate that in manner, the linear function approach for installed material was 75% to 90%, and waste material was 10% to 25%. This study is conducting an assessment of the area of installed material and waste material on small vessels made of aluminum with variations in ship length and the method of approach trend lines both linear and nonlinear. Secondary data retrieval in the form of an aluminum cutting plan for plate material and profile from the AutoCAD application, which is then reprocessed through the FastCAM application to obtain results in the form of identification of installed material and waste material area. Based on variations in ship length and material area results, a scatter plot process was carried out through the Excel application to obtain results in the form of trend line functions with an R-squared determination coefficient of more than 0.9 and the results of the calculation of the intersection between the function of installed material and waste material, and the waste material function with the x-axis uses the balance method. The final result showed that the linear function gives an indication of the effectiveness of the material located in the range of 6 to 23 meters in length of the boat and polynomial function of order 2 in the range of 6 to 18 meters in length, while the waste material area in the two functions maximum 22%.


Manufacturing and microstructure of novel materials in the Si-Al-O-N-C system derived from polymer-filler mixtures were investigated. Silicon (Si) and aluminium (Al) were added to a poly(methyl and phenyl)siloxane matrix to react with the carbon-bearing products that result from the decomposition of the latter during pyrolysis. This was carried out in nitrogen atmosphere up to 1500 degrees for 2h. Silicon Carbide (SiC) particles were used as inert filler embedded in the polymer/active filler mixture. Green bodies of the metal/polysiloxane mixtures were pressed and cured at 170 °C for 30min. Microcrystalline composites, such as SiC, AIN and SiAlON, from the filler reaction products embedded in a silicon oxycarbide glass matrix could be formed with complex geometry through near-net-shape process of polymer/ceramic conversion.


The contemporary school finds itself unprepared given the necessity to cope with the demands of a growing multicultural society. The Enlightenment promises that rationality and knowledge would lead to progress and human emancipation were not met. The children, the main benefactors of theses hopes, continued to be treated at the school institution in an idealistic way with no prior consideration to their social class, ethnicity, or gender characteristics. The cultural centrality and the context of struggle for legitimacy of various social groups make the school environment a fruitful space for conflict. The critical multiculturalism proposes that these conflicts should not be ignored, and points to urgency of cultural identity politics and of a new curriculum in which these conflicts are exposed to investigation and analysis. Physical education, guided in the cultural perspective, sees in the problematization of the corporal culture demonstrations the possibility of meeting this role. The present investigation, held at daycare located in the city of São Paulo, with 2 to 3 yearold children, examined and interpreted a pedagogical experience in physical education guided by the cultural perspective. In order to accomplish the fieldwork several tools were applied (interviews, active observation, worksheets, photographic records) with the intention of composing a bricolage of methods. The collected materials, interpreted with the support of cultural studies references, allow to infer that identity issues and the power relations are frequent in the social practices at the institution. Disputes and demarcation of identity are also reasons for conflict between toddlers. Thereby, when addressing, problematizing, and searching for the origins of this struggle for legitimacy the school builds individuals capable of the exercise of deconstruction and the analysis of biased speeches; therefore, they are willing to interact with opposites. Consequently, it is concluded that the physical education anchored in a cultural perspective can contribute to one's early childhood education as the curriculum potentializes children's voices, and expands the opportunities to establish more democratic social relations. Key-words: Culture Curriculum Daycare Physical Education


The technique for good quality and high yield were summarized by four years's test and study,therefore provide the foundation for cultivation Chinese Jujube in Qinghai.


In this paper, an effective method for sweet sorghum juice storage was introduced as follows: sweet sorghum juice underwent sterilization and cooling first, then yeasts added to convert sugar into alcohol,and then sealed storage. observing the components variation of sweet sorghum juice fermentation products during storage, such as alcohol content, total acid content. The experimental results showed that alcohol content of sweet sorghum juice fermentation products is stable after ten months'storage.


In designing of water quality index more rational approach is needed as present indices have number of discrepancies and need to be rectified. Water quality parameters considered for obtaining WQI is different for all indices. Some important parameters have not been considered at all and allotment of weight age factor is completely subjective. At the same time some parameters can change the results dramatically without justifying it. Because of these limitations of crisp set theory an advanced computation method is required which is capable of handling imprecise, vague and fuzzy information in decision making on water quality. Hence there is need for more robust approach which can deal with uncertainty and ambiguity involved in assessment of water quality. To reduce uncertainty, ambiguity, vagueness and subjectivity in environmental issues fuzzy set theory has emerged as an excellent tool. In present work of quantifying EIA by using fuzzy set theory, fuzzy logic has been used for quantifying pollutants in water and instead of WQI new nomenclature is done as FWPI (Fuzzy Water Pollution Index). Higher the value of FWPI higher will be the concentration of pollutants.


Conservation Treatment Job # 12371
Notes: Holograph letter from Anna Seward to Archibald Constable, dated July 17, 1807, tipped into vol. 1.


What we are doing here this morning is making history. We are making history in what would seem an obvious way. That it, we are here over the next few days to hear from the people who have made history through their creative work. We are here to here how they did it. But we are also making history ourselves by being here. We are here in essence doing what the software development people call "validation and verification."


A simple high voltage test procedure has been developed for the acquisition of reproducible prebreakdown current data from dielectric oil samples stressed in the high field regime. A number of novel phenomena have been observed which require interpretation in terms of the electrohydrodynamic response of the fluid to high voltage in order to evaluate their significance. A mechanism has been discovered whereby transverse electrohydrodynamic (TEHD) waves can be propagated through the fluid with similarity properties which are consistent with experimental findings.


Department of Dental Clinics, State University of West Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Parana, Brazil. 2 Department of Biosciences and Health, State University of West Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Parana, Brazil. 3 Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Surgery, State University of West Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil. 4 State University of West Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Parana, Brazil. 5 Academic of Dentistry Course, State University of West Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Parana, Brazil. 6 Periodontics Course, State University of West Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil.


In recent years, Malaysia has seen a significant increase in enrolment in postgraduate programs as part of the government's efforts to advance into a developed nation status by developing a skilled talent pool of scientists and researchers. However, despite the increasing trend of mental health issues among youths in Malaysia, the psychological well-being of postgraduate students has received limited attention in research and literature. This review paper provides a contemporary overview of the state of mental health in Malaysia to contextualise the psychological challenges faced by students in Malaysian universities. The article also highlights the lack of research on the psychological well-being of postgraduate students in Malaysia, which has led to a limited understanding of how this population is affected by their well-being. The article also discusses evidence from previous studies to illustrate how different aspects of psychological well-being are essential for not only academic success but also physical and mental health for postgraduate students. The article argues that more research involving a wider range of methods is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the psychological well-being of the wider postgraduate student population in Malaysia. Additionally, the paper discusses several implications for various stakeholders in higher education institutions to take appropriate action in promoting a greater sense of psychological well-being among postgraduate students on campus.


Abstract The loss of the preterite form in German dialects is still a disputed and unresolved matter. The article summarizes the results of a new study that analyzes several dialectological documentations (e. g. dialect grammars, dialect atlases) and recognizes the areal distribution of the loss of the preterite as a threefold scale (number of preterite building verbs, frequency of forms, hierarchy in loss of forms). On this basis the article reconstructs the historical process of the loss of the preterite and suggests an integrative explanation of the described process as the result of the semantic and functional expansion of the German present perfect.


The invention discloses a crown block high-voltage power supply system electrical equipment whole alternating-current withstand voltage testing method. The method comprises the steps of: preparing before testing; determining specifications, models and lengths of a crown block power supply system incoming power supply cable and a connection cable; preparing high-voltage switches such as a load switch, a current transformer, a voltage transformer and a post insulator; and preparing a high-voltage sliding contact line and the post insulator. The crown block high-voltage power supply system electrical equipment whole alternating-current withstand voltage testing method has the advantages that the problem that the safety distance of a testing space is insufficient is solved, and the safety of construction personnel is ensured; in addition, a flexible series-parallel combination mode is adopted for reactors used for the testing, and the requirement of a testing frequency is met.


In recent times Blogs have become a mass media and the number of blogs is increasing exponentially. As the number of blogs starts to increase, finding the desired blog based on the user's content is necessary so a recommender system is the need of the hour. Although considerable research has been carried out to provide a reliable recommender system, only a few have proposed approaches that are semantically driven; for this type of multiple domain knowledge problem, semantic intelligence and real-world knowledge enrichment is required. This paper proposes a hybrid architecture that integrates cognitive knowledge addition, XGBosting for recommending blogs, based on semantic similarity comparison for which measures like SemantoSim and K-L divergence are used and the results are optimized under the purview of metaheuristics optimization. The proposed HBlogRec records an Accuracy and Precision of 94.27 % and 96.34% respectively. Which is compared and analyzed with benchmark and baseline approaches and is inferred to be superior in terms of performance.


Abstract : The implementation of Total Quality Leadership has been successful in several Department of Defense organizations. However, an aviation squadron provides an unique environment for the application of TQL. This thesis describes an adaptation of the NPRDC TQM process improvement model for a fleet squadron which includes the Shewart Cycle, customer supplier relationships, and mission deployment. Dr. W. Edwards Deming's 14 points are discussed in the context of the squadron environment. Continuous process improvement tools are explained and demonstrated using squadron examples.


Provided is a ultra-low power CMOS-based biosensor circuit. The invention relates to a device configured to identify a material having a charge, the device has an inverting gain amplifier including a first FET coupled to the second field effect transistor (FET) a gate of the first FET is arranged to sense the charge, and the output of the amplifier, it gives a measure of the charge to identify materials. .FIELD 1


Abstract : The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of gender, rifle stock length and weapon weight upon marksmanship performance and arm-hand steadiness. Thirteen female and fifteen male soldiers were recruited. Performance on the Noptel marksmanship simulator showed no gender differences in marksmanship with the M16A2 rifle (standard) and the M4 carbine (a lighter rifle). Reducing the stock length from 10.3" to 7.0" significantly improved marksmanship scores for both male and female soldiers. Weapon weight was a critical factor; shot group tightness was better with the lighter M4 carbine (6.9 lbs) versus the heavier M16A2 rifle (8.4 lbs). Similar findings were found with arm-hand steadiness measures: shorter and lighter weapon configurations permitted better steadiness regardless of gender. Overall stock length and weapon weight should be considered in any new combat weapon design. Further investigation of these effects during live-fire with standard Army issued ammunition is warranted to confirm the generalizability of these results.


(...) Both seasonal and host variation was observed on the recovery of the dsRNA. Greatest yields were obtained in spring and autumn from sweet orange and Dweet tangor. DsRNA recovery was not always correlated with virus titer estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Several strains showed host-induced variation of the dsRNA profile and, in some cases, seasonal variation. Virus titer and the amount of dsRNA recovered were not necessarily correlated with symptom severity on Mexican lime, nor could the dsRNA pattern observed be correlated with any specific biological characteristics (...)


Objective To study the effects of evidence-based nursing in improving life quality and emotional situation of patients with gastric cancer during perioperation. Methods 96 patients with gastric cancer in our hospital from October 2007 to November 2010 were selected as research object,and all the patients were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 48 cases in each group,then the compliance therapy,degree of satisfaction, Kamofsky score,spitzer score, SAS score,SDS score,HAMA score and HAMD score of the two groups before and after surgery on the first,seventh day and first month were analyzed and compared. Results The compliance therapy and degree of satisfaction of the observation group were both better than those of the control group,the Karnofsky score and spitzer score of the observation group after surgery on the first, seventh day and first month were higher than those of the control group,SAS score,SDS score,HAMA score and HAMD score of the observation group were better than those of the control group. Conclusions The effects of evidence-based nursing in improving life quality and emotion situation of the patients with gastric cancer during perioperation is better,and it is worthy of popularization and application.

Key words:
Evidence-based nursing;  Gastric cancer;  Perioperative;  Life quality;  Emotional situation


Abstract The extraction and concentration of phenylalanine by the continuous CSTR emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) separation process has been evaluated. We discussed the influence of operating conditions on the separation and concentration efficiencies of phenylanine. It was found that the extraction rate of phenylalanine increased as the amount of emulsion used and the internal concentration of H+ increased. However, the concentration ratio of phenylalanine increased as the emulsion amount and acid concentration increased only up to a certain limit and then declined with further increases of these. The reduction of the concentration ratio is due to the swelling of the emulsion drops. Two effects, swelling owing to osmotic pressure and swelling caused by the entrainment of water due to mechanical agitation, are responsible for the swelling of emulsion drops. A mass transfer model for analyzing the extraction of phenylalanine by liquid surfactant membrane is presented. The model assumes that the extraction ...


Chinese white rabbit IFN-γ gene was amplified by RT-PCR method from the PBMCr stimulated by ConA.Then the PCR product was purified and ligatured with pMD18-T vector.The positive recombinant was used for sequencing.The complete length of white rabbit IFN-γ gene was 501 bp,which encoded 167 amino acids.The front 20 amino acids consist of signal peptide.Compared with the IFN-γ genes of other species,there were some differences in the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence.There were 3 N-glycosylation sites and 3 Cys in the deduced amino acid sequence.The host E.coli strain BL21(DE3) transformed with recombinant pETIFN-γ can express a recombinant protein with molecular weight of 22.6 kDa under the induction of IPTG,which amounted to 19.2 % in the total protein of the induced bacteria by the assaying of gel scanning.


In this article we take a relational approach to childhood to focus on the discourse regarding the children's 'hyperactive' bodies, currently defined as children with A(ttention) D(eficit) H(yperactvity) D(isorder). Basing ourselves on a number of analyses from the major women's magazines and professional magazines for teachers, as they appeared in Flanders from 1965 until now, we want to examine how the notion of 'the hyperactive child' has been constructed and reconstructed in the past decades. In a second instance, we will try to link this image to the representation of the (ideal) mother and teacher who are confronted with this 'hyperactive' child in their educational practice. To give these images their full form and colour, we do not just want to base our analysis on the textual content of these articles, but, where possible, we will also pay attention to the visual representation of 'hyperactivity'.


'The combined and unceasing efforts of everyone—healthcare professionals, patients and their families, researchers, payers, planners and educators—to make the changes that will lead to better patient outcomes (health), better system performance (care) and better professional development'.1 There are many ways to define quality improvement but this is one of our favourites. At its core, quality improvement is about making care for patients better and providing that care more efficiently and enjoyably. It involves everyone regardless of seniority or role or the size of the project.

BMJ Open Quality is a new and expanded rebrand of BMJ Quality Improvement Reports . We hope to provide …


Results of works for cleaning of an oil pipeline Nikolaevka - Krotovka with use of gel dividing pistons are given. High efficiency of the given way of cleaning even at deposits thickness in the pipeline more than 10 mm and in conditions of low temperature of a pipe wall is shown.


[MoN(NPPh3)3] – a Monomeric Nitrido Complex of Molybdenum

[MoN(NPPh3)3] (1) has been prepared from [MoCl3(N3S2)]2 and LiNPPh3 in toluene suspension in good yields. From n-hexane/dichloromethane solutions 1 · 2 CH2Cl2 crystallizes as colourless single crystals, which were suitable for a crystal structure determination. 1 forms monomeric molecules with a Mo≡N distance of 166.6 pm for the nitrido ligand, which corresponds to a triple bond, and MoN-bonds of 193.6 pm on average of the NPPh3–-ligands, corresponding to shortened single bonds.


Diagnosing CUD requires fulfillment of the 3 clinically significant indicators of distress or impairment associated with caffeine dependence: persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control caffeine use; continued caffeine use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by caffeine; characteristic caffeine withdrawal syndrome or caffeine use to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms are included in the criteria of the disorder. A recent concern about caffeine intake is raised as it is reported by the most recently released International Classification of Diseases ABSTRACT


Polyphenol film deposited on platinum foil can continuously grow with time during the electrolysis of a phenol solution consisting of 0.1 mol L - 1 phenol, 3 mol L - 1 NaOH and 0.5 mol L - 1 Na 2 SO 4 , as has been proved by the methods of sweep potential, constant potential and constant current, and visible spectra during the electrolysis of phenol. A polyphenol film with thickness of 0.11 mm was obtained by the electrolysis of phenol at a constant potential of 0.70 V (versus Ag/AgCl with saturated KCl solution). Polyphenol film is inactive and stable in 2 mol L - 1 H 2 SO 4 solution, neutral solution and 3 mol L - 1 NaOH solution and in the potential range between -0.95 and 1.35 V. The usable potential range is dependent on the pH value. Polyphenol has an ESR signal with a g factor of 2.0049. The conductivity of polyphenol is 1.2 x 10 - 4 S cm - 1 . In the solution of polyphenol dissolved in DMSO, the mobility of polyphenol anions is 8 x 10 - 9 m 2 s - 1 V - 1 at 20°C.


Abstract  1 Eucalypts are an important part of plantation forestry in Asia but, in south China, productivity is very low. This is due to infertile soils and lack of indigenous symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi. The genus Eucalyptus is unusual because it forms both arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations.


In this paper we propose an on-line Bayesian filtering and smoothing method for time series models with heavy-tailed alpha-stable noise, with a particular focus on TVAR models. We first point out how a filter that fails to take into account the heavy-tailed character of the noise performs poorly and then examine how an α-stable based particle filter can be devised to overcome this problem. The filtering methodology is based on a scale mixtures of normals (SMiN) representation of the α-stable distribution, which allows efficient Rao-Blackwellised implementation within a conditionally Gaussian framework, and requires no direct evaluation of the α-stable density, which is in general unavailable in closed form. The methodology is shown to work well, outperforming the traditional Gaussian methods both on simulated and real audio data. The analysis of real degraded audio samples highlights the fact that α-stable distributions are particularly well suited for noise modelling in a realistic scenario.


uted to small sample size (6,7). If differences were not detected with the use of plasmapheresis, was it because there were no actual differences or because there was not enough statistical power to detect any differences? The clinical trial of plasmapheresis in AAV published by Jayne et al (8) included more than twice the number of patients included in this observational study. It is even more striking that no attempt was made to correct possible confusion caused by the nonrandom assignment of treatment with cyclophosphamide versus rituximab. This is especially noteworthy because, from Table 5 in the article by Cartin-Ceba et al, it is clearly evident that the patients who received cyclophosphamide had major renal involvement and were older than the rituximab group. If observational data obtained from routine clinical practice are examined to compare the outcomes in patients treated with different therapies, the observed differences in outcome will be the result of both differing patient traits and treatment choice, making it difficult to delineate the true effect of one treatment versus another (4). Why was a propensity score not used to compare patients who received rituximab versus those who received cyclophosphamide? It seems important to also rule out any cohort effect when considering whether the patients treated with rituximab were enrolled at a later time in the 16-year study, when clinical practices may have improved. Finally, we consider it essential to know the conflicts of interest of the authors, which we were unable to locate in the report. Conflicts of interest matter a great deal for determining scientific independence, especially when drawing conclusions for or against any therapeutic intervention.


1. Preliminaries. A structure A = 〈A, ·, 1,≤〉 is a partially ordered monoid if 〈A, ·, 1〉 is a monoid, ≤ is a partial order on A, and for all x, y, z ∈ A, if x ≤ y, then x · z ≤ y · z and z · x ≤ z · y. A is integral if x ≤ 1, for all x ∈ A. Finally, A is residuated if for all x, y ∈ A the set {z : z · x ≤ y} contains a largest element, called the residual of x relative to y, and denoted by x → y. A partially ordered commutative, residuated and integral monoid 〈A, ·, 1,≤〉 can be treated as an algebra 〈A, ·,→, 1〉, since the partial order ≤ can be recovered via x ≤ y iff x → y = 1. We will refer to the algebras thus obtained by the acronym pocrim. The class M of all pocrims is a quasivariety definable by:


The development of robotic applications can become exhaustive as the complexity of work increases, and this problem comes with the need for multiple terminal tabs, terminal sessions and the need to often repeat multiple commands while running tests and experiments. This work presents a graphical interface developed through the PyQt framework, focused in robots equipped with Robot Operating System (ROS) framework and designed with the ease for starting processes, the ability to work with multiple terminals without leaving the application and reducing the need to perform basic commands repeatedly. The interface was validated with real robot experiments.


A full optical fiber annular amplifier comprises a seed source and a pump source. A beam combiner, a wavelength division multiplexer, a rare-earth element doped optical fiber, a beam splitter, a feedback link and a band pass filter are connected in turn to form an annular structure, continuous laser output from the seed source enters into the rare-earth element doped optical fiber via the beam combiner and the wavelength division multiplexer, pump light output from the pump source enters into the rare-earth element doped optical fiber via the wavelength division multiplexer to amplify the seed laser, the amplified seed laser is split into two parts by the beam splitter, one part of the seed laser is output through an output end and the other part enters into the beam combiner via the feedback link and the band pass filter. The full optical fiber annular amplifier has advantages of simple structure, low cost and stable performance, better performance in prevention against the spontaneous amplification radiation and harmful non-linear effect and obvious effect of increasing output power of the optical fiber amplifier to realize high-gain and high-power amplification output.


A classification has been established for solvent-extracted filter-cake solid residues of high volatile bituminous coals from several bench-scale and pilot plant solvent-refined coal operations. An attempt to relate the organic residue constituents with the precursor coal macerals and distinguish between potentially inert and reactive materials has provided insight into the physical and chemical degradation of coal during liquefaction. The proposed classification is based on morphology, relative reflectance and anisotropy, and size, as determined by analysis of polished surfaces in reflected white light. The experimental approach involved the batch hydrogenation of selected coals through a range of temperature (300 to 450/sup 0/C, at 25/sup 0/C increments). The benzene-insoluble residues from each series were studied optically and provided a record of degradation for each coal maceral. The resulting phases were compared to residues derived from pilot plant and bench-scale systems. The microscopic examination of residues could provide a routine method for determining the instantaneous efficiency of continuous-flow reactors, should aid in selection of feedstocks for possible future conversion, and to some extent will provide a critical analysis of the reaction conditions.


Abstract
This article examined governance quality indicators such as control of corruption, political stability, voice and accountability and GDP per capita growth on tax revenue generation. This study conducted a panel analysis on all variables from the 15 West African countries between the periods of 2009 -2018. The pull result indicated significant and positive relationship with control of corruption, political stability and tax revenue generation. Regulatory quality typified a negative and insignificant relationship; depicting the weak nature of regulatory structures towards revenue mobilization in the West African region. This study suggested digitalization of tax system, formidable regional economic integration against illicit outflows and improvement of governance culture in order to drive tax compliance and revenue mobilization. Future research should consider relationship between tax revenue generation and variables such as tax payers' confidence and tax system digitalization.
Keywords: quality of governance; tax revenue generation; GDP per capita growth; illicit financial leakages, Tax system digitalization, regional economic integration, West Africa, Political process theory, tax compliance, confidence and effectiveness


Activation-induced cytidine deaminase(AID), an essential enzymatic activity required for somatic hypermutation and immunoglobulin class switch recombination in the course of normal B-lymphocyte development, has been implicated in the initiation and promotion of malignant B-cell tumors by virtue of a complex mechanism that includes the generation of oncogene-activating genomic rearrangements and the introduction of point mutations in cancer genes. Here, we use transgenic mouse models of B-cell lymphoma driven by the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6), or the survival-enhancing oncoprotein, B-cell leukemia 2 (BCL-2), to evaluate the impact of loss of AID on neoplastic B-cell development. We show that AID deficiency accelerates BCL-2 induced lymphoma but delays IL-6 induced lymphoma. This led us to conclude that AID may function as tumor suppressor or tumor promoter, depending on the genetic context. Elucidating the mechanism of AID's dual function during malignant B-cell transformation may be important for new approaches to tumor treatment and pre-vention. lymphoma, (1) elucidating the biological pathways of neoplastic B-cell development, (2) discovering tumor-inhibiting suppressor interrogating the genetic and epigenetic of the of


Objective: Performance agreement (PA) has been used in the Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, as a system of performance appraisal for more than two years. This study is aimed to evaluate the conceptual understanding of PA among personnel of the faculty in order to improve the quality of the system. Methods: The study was performed form October, 2003 to February, 2004. Representatives (561) of all departments/divisions of the Faculty were included in this study. They were classified into two groups: those who had previously attended the PA workshop and those who had never attended such a workshop. A questionnaire and direct interview were used as methods of evaluation. The questionnaire and the topics of the interview included general information of each personnel, questions regarding the concept of PA, his or her opinion on the PA form used by the Human Resource Department (HRD) and suggestions or comments on the PA system. Results were compared between the two groups and were then used as a guideline for the HRD to improve the performance appraisal system. Results: The majority of the personnel of the faculty (both the evaluator and those who were evaluated) understood the concept of PA, except for some who were non-skilled or low-skilled workers. However, they were not clear about some technical details and most of them were questioned about the impact of the system. Twenty-nine departments/divisions asked for a PA workshop and 33 needed more explanation either on the concept or the details of the PA system. Conclusion: PA was accepted as the system of performance appraisal in the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. However, the key success factor is the participation of all personnel and the HRD has to put in more effort in terms of conducting workshops or department/division visits before significant success can be achieved.


The present paper reports the first observation of a vesicle to wormlike micelle transition in the surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylate induced by shear. The structural aspects investigated by small angle neutron scattering indicate that the transition induced by shear, temperature, and added surfactant present similar aspects. Step-shear experiments indicate the presence of other shear-induced transitions with very long characteristic times.


AbstractFreshly excavated terracottas are usually damp and covered with burial dirt, salts and encrustations. This creates serious difficulties if the surface is painted: any cleaning or rinsing may remove the painted decoration. Often the paint is not well attached, complicating the problem further. This paper illustrates two different problems of excavated painted terracottas and their various treatments. Terracottas from the sites of Harappa (Pakistan) and Troy (Turkey) are examined. At Harappa, the terracottas suffer from severe soluble salt problems, while at Troy some of the terracottas are covered with insoluble salts. The discussion includes a survey of past treatments for preserving unstable paint, as well as recent cleaning methods and consolidation considerations.


We report photoluminescence (PL) studies of high-quality Zn 1~x Be x Se "lms grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on GaAs substrates by use of a novel growth method of Be}Zn co-irradiation before the growth of a thin ZnSe bu!er layer. Samples show double-crystal X-ray linewidth as narrow as 23 arcsec. Low-temperature (13K) PL of undoped samples showed free exciton emission, which de"ned the bandgap and showed that this system gives bandgap bowing. In addition, there was dominant deep bound excitonic recombination. We also suggest that deep PL can be caused by low structural quality of "lms, rather than by speci"c impurity states. Nitrogen-doped samples (with net acceptor concentrations up to 2]1017 cm~3) show strong impurity related photoluminescence. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 78.55.!m; 78.55.Et; 81.5.Hi


Chronic hepatobiliary diseases, including idiopathic primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are characterized by persistent inflammation and fibrosis. The close association between PSC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exemplifies the importance of gut-liver axis, evidenced by 5.0%-7.5% of individuals with IBD eventually developing PSC and around 70%-80% of patients with PSC developing IBD. Although intestinal bacterial overgrowth and translocation are characteristic features of chronic liver disease, with an important role of microbial products in fibrosis, the mechanisms of intestinal injury are largely unknown. In this issue of Hepatology, Liu and coworkers report that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced intestinal epithelial injury and permeability drives bacterial translocation and progression of bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestatic liver damage to fibrosis. ER stress is a physiological response of a cell to certain stimuli causing accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen (known as unfolded protein response). This triggers a series of transcriptional and translational events to restore ER and cellular homeostasis. However, persistent or overactivated ER stress results in increased expression of a transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancerbinding protein homologous protein (CHOP), a negative cell growth regulator and apoptosis promoter. ER stress and CHOP have been shown to play an important role in gastrointestinal disorders and cholestatic liver injury. However, Liu et al. found that hepatic ER stress and increase in CHOP expression lasted for 3 days and the innate immune system was activated at a later time post-BDL in mice. This suggested that hepatic ER stress may not be a cause for inflammation and fibrosis in the BDL mouse. Thus, CHOP's role in intestinal epithelial cell death and impairment of mucosal barrier function, and resistance of CHOPknockout mice to develop BDL-induced liver fibrosis, hinted that CHOP activity in the gut could be critical in cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis. Indeed, Liu et al. found that CHOP-induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, suppression of the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), disruption of tight junctions, and consequent bacterial translocation promoted BDL-induced hepatic inflammation (characterized by monocyte-derived CD11b/F4/80 macrophages) and fibrosis. These effects of BDL were strongly prevented in CHOP-knockout mice, and their survival rate also improved compared to the wild-type (WT) mice. To confirm the role of ER stress in BDL-induced intestinal epithelial injury, Liu et al. performed in vitro experiments with intestinal epithelial organoids from WT and CHOP-knockout mice. In addition to being larger in size than the organoids from WT mice, organoids from CHOP-knockout mice had longer and greater number of crypts than those from WT mice. They also observed that ER stress inducer thapsigargin inhibited formation of the organoids, and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) caused much greater shedding of differentiated epithelial cells and destruction of the crypts; these effects were mitigated in CHOPknockout organoids. These interesting findings, however, do not entirely explain intestinal epithelial cell Abbreviations: BDL, bile duct ligation; CHOP, CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; HCV, hepatitis virus C; HSCs, hepatic stellate cells; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IL, interleukin; ISCs, intestinal stem cells; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MLNs, mesenteric lymph nodes; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis; TLR, Toll-like receptor; WT, wild type.


Impact ionization coefficients play a critical role in semiconductors. In addition to silicon, silicon carbide and gallium nitride are important semiconductors that are being seen more as mainstream semiconductor technologies. As a reflection of the maturity of these semiconductors, predictive modeling has become essential to device and circuit designers, and impact ionization coefficients play a key role here. Recently, several studies have measured impact ionization coefficients. We dedicated the first part of our study to comparing three experimental methods to estimate impact ionization coefficients in GaN, which are all based on photomultiplication but feature characteristic differences. The first method inserts an InGaN hole-injection layer, the accuracy of which is challenged by the dominance of ionization in InGaN, leading to possible overestimation of the coefficients. The second method utilizes the Franz–Keldysh effect for hole injection but not for electrons, where the mixed injection of induced carriers would require a margin of error. The third method uses complementary p–n and n–p structures that have been at the basis of this estimation in Si and SiC and leans on the assumption of a constant electric field, and any deviation would require a margin of error. In the second part of our study, we evaluated the models using recent experimental data from diodes demonstrating avalanche breakdown.


Finite difference method is employed to investigate Dixon-like binomial sums. Several identities are established which extend the alternating cubic sums of Dixon and Vosmansky.


This study aims to explore the narrative identity of a politician-turned-doctoral student at an Australian university with a particular focus on his academic and social encounters based on his English resources and experiences of learning and living in Australia. This case study is unique in the way that very few Thai politicians would end their political career and join in an academic community because of different philosophies underpinning these political and educational agendas. Drawing upon a narrative inquiry, the 60-year-old former Thai politician who decided to undertake a PhD in Engineering (Water Resources Management) found his academic experience positively challenging as he had to familiarize himself with Australian academic discourse such as conducting research, writing his thesis, and taking part in class discussion. Being a competent user of English, he enjoyed living in a multicultural and multilingual society in Australia. This study offers an optimistic outlook at career change through a lens of a politician who became a doctoral student and serves as an example for adults who are transiting their midlife career path and considering stepping out of their comfort zones to venture into something new and exciting. This study hopes to shed new light and hopes on adult education in an era of aging society.


In the view of traditional culture we can say cosmos(time and space) is round. That is to say:time is round,space is also round. In macroscopic and microscopic views the whole cosmos is round.Human society as a part of cosmos is therefore round in fundamental form. [


The man was during its development and industrial progress observed many dangers to the life and health as well as the property. During the years of development, there have been many fires that have destroyed property and lives. In the early developments fire protection was based on the work of the man directly. Later progress leads to new discoveries and inventions which will help prevent the spread of fire and its stopping. This paper aims to describe objects and methods of fire protection to fire protection measures and stable systems for fire extinguishing. Further describes a wet sprinkler system and its maintenance. The main parts of the work are devices and equipment for maintenance of wet stable system for fire extinguishing sprinkler type.


Program understanding is an important part ofthe domain expertise required for programming language tutoring systems. However, the understanding ofstudent programs by a computer is extremely difficult because ofthe tremendous scope of variability in student solutions for nontrivial tasks. This article aims to handle such variability and improve understanding performance by a hybrid approach based on two complementary methods of graph parsing and expectation-driven analysis. The graph parsing method by Wills is utilized to recognize the programming plans in the code. At the same time, a new expectation-driven analysis is devised to generate expectations about the program design using such knowledge as the programming goals, plans, and information about the problem task. The analysis guides the plan recognition process through confirming, amending, or rejecting the expectations by checking them against the given code. Expectation-driven analysis can recognize the function and implementation level variations...


A single band optical sum rule derived by Kubo can reveal a novel kind of superconducting state. It relies, however, on a knowledge of the single band contribution from zero to infinite frequency. A number of experiments on the high temperature superconductors over the past five years have used this sum rule; their data has been interpreted in support of ``kinetic energy-driven superconductivity.'' However, because of the presence of unwanted interband optical spectral weight, they necessarily have to truncate their sum at a finite frequency. This work examines theoretical models where the impact of this truncation can be examined first in the normal state, and then in the superconducting state. The latter case is particularly important as previous considerations attributed the observed anomalous temperature dependence as an artifact of a noninfinite cut-off frequency. We find that this is, in fact, not the case, and that the sign of the corrections from the use of a noninfinite cut-off is such that the observed temperature dependence is even more anomalous when proper account is taken of the cutoff. This conclusion holds if a finite scattering rate is used, which is in contrast to the often considered but less realistic Mattis\char21{}Bardeen (dirty) limit. On the other hand, in these same models, we find that the strong observed temperature dependence in the normal state can be attributed to the effect of a noninfinite cut-off frequency.


The self-similarity of complex networks has broad practical backgrounds. However, the properties of self-similar network have rarely studied so far. For this propose the self-similarity networks definition is captured firstly . Self-similarity model of complex networks is build based on information transfer, accounting to information transfer among nodes. Self-similarity of complex networks is researched based on the concept of fractal . Volume dimension is given to measure the self-similar network; besides, the shortage of volume dimension was also referred to. The information dimension was also proposed to study the self-similarity, which can reflect the similar objectively . Self-similarity of complex networks and simulation results is got from the data, finally further study is proposed.


This research determines the evaluation methodology used in the classroom in order to know its impact on the acquisition of skills of college students "San Vicente Ferrer" in the form of agro.

To fulfill this purpose proceeded to search bibliographic information leading to the development matrices and diagnostic surveys , later information was compiled through direct observation in the field for 45 academic years in technical content farm , where the factors of involvement present were found in classroom , teaching methodologies used in class and handled in the evaluation criteria .

According to the analysis and interpretation of results, the evaluation methodology used by teachers does not meet the requirements of educational quality assessment , why are only evaluating the conceptual, leaving aside the procedural and attitudinal contents , which are part of the teaching-learning process , generating as a result the low achievement of the skills in students.

Based on the results of the diagnosis a range of instruments that seek to evaluate the conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents, which were subjected to a validation process with students and faculty of the College High School "San Vicente Ferrer " with presents purpose of publicizing the assessment tools and demonstrate the acceptability thereof


The air-tightness performance of residential buildings in China is not fully investigated. This study intends to investigate the air-tightness performance of an ultra-low energy building in a cold area of China. The air-tightness of the building envelope was measured using blower door method and the whole year air infiltration of the building was simulated by a multi-zone network airflow model based on the air-tightness test results. A thermal infrared imager and a smoke pencil were used to find out the typical air leakage places in the building envelope. The leakage areas of the typical air leakage places are found by measuring the whole building and then sealing the corresponding component and determining the reduction in the building effective leakage area. Test results show that the air change rates of the building at the pressure difference of 50 Pa (ACH50) under the depressurization and pressurization modes are 0.5 and 0.49 h−1, respectively. Simulations show that the air change rate of building under the weather conditions of Dalian changes from 0 to 0.12 h−1 with an average of 0.05 h−1. The typical air leakage places of the building were the reserved holes in the building envelope, the junctions of the windows with the walls, the deformation parts of the outer windows and doors, and the joints and vents that imprecisely sealed. The exhaust vents were found to be the most significant source of leakage among the tested typical air leakage places.


Curriculum differentiation remains an inevitable, significant, inherent and desirable element in dealing with our schools' responsiveness to diverse learning needs. The school-based support teams (SBSTs) add value by facilitating the implementation of inclusive learning and care. This study explores and documents SBST members' understanding and enhancement efforts concerning curriculum differentiation at a rural school where learners are regarded as underachievers, progressed and/or untrainable. A case study design utilising purposive (intentional) sampling was employed for the selection of participants based on the fact that they were implementing the curriculum differentiation directives as required by the Education White Paper 6 (EWP6, 2001) as well as the policy on inclusivity. Drawing from appreciative inquiry, this qualitative case study gleaned data from six participants, each representing a different portfolio committee of the SBST. The participants included a parent/caregiver, teacher, head of department (HOD), deputy principal, and therapists, who were prompted to provide written/spoken narratives for data generation purposes. The interpretations of these narratives involved dissecting their understanding and enhancement plans concerning curriculum differentiation at their school. Using this narrative analysis frame, data analysed yielded rich findings. It was found that a differentiated but complementary understanding of curriculum differentiation resulted from differentiated enhancement endeavours. It is recommended that a concerted, collaborated and cohesive understanding of curriculum differentiation be inculcated in all roleplayers in order to add value to teaching, learning and support; hence optimising the impact and responsiveness SBSTs may have in addressing barriers to learning and development.


The article presents the results of the research to substantiate the directions and mechanisms of development of the rural economy of the Komi Republic. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of the scientists in the field of development of rural economy sectors. The methods used were analytical, statistical, logical, comparative, SWOT analysis, and expert assessments. When studying this topic, we used normative legal acts on rural development, datafrom territorial statistics. The paper considers the views of the scientists and economists on the content of the concept of rural economy, identifies the features and problems of its development. The predominance of small forms of management in the branches of the rural economy has been established, and the low profitability of the products produced has been revealed. The article shows a decrease in the role of the rural economy in the overall economic activity of the region. In order to expand the areas of activity in the rural areas, the diversification of production is proposed. Mechanisms and priority areas for improving state support for the development of the rural economy have been developed. To eliminate the currently prevailing tactical approach to solving the current problems of the rural economy, its strategic management is justified. As an effective mechanism for the development of rural economy sectors, it is proposed to use strategic planning and forecasting. The methodological foundations of the strategy development are substantiated. The formulated scientific and methodological provisions of strategic planning are the basis for the development of strategies for the development of agriculture in the Komi Republic and reindeer herding in the European North-East of Russia. The results of the study are used in the development of the Strategy of Socio-economic Development of the Republic of Komi for the period up to 2035, and can also become the basis for improving state support for rural economy sectors, for the preparation of strategies and programs for the sustainable development of its industries and spheres at regional and municipal levels. The use of the research results is possible in the further research work of the author, as well as in theeducational process.


This study examined gender differences in a moderated-mediation model examining whether perceived social support moderated depressive symptom and academic achievement mediation pathways from peer victimization to substance use among 1,334 U.S. early adolescents (11-14 years, 50% girls, 51% White). Surveys were administered in schools at three 6-month intervals. Multiple group analyses suggested that the moderated-mediation model differed for boys and girls. Indirect effects suggested that declines in academic achievement mediated the relationship between peer victimization and substance use for girls and boys, while elevated depressive symptoms mediated this relationship for girls only. Higher family and friend support attenuated the relationship between overt victimization and academic achievement for boys and between relational victimization and depressive symptoms for girls. These findings implicate two risk pathways that account for why peer victimization enhances substance use risk and emphasize the importance of perceived support following peer victimization during early adolescence. Gender differences require replication.


As a philosophy master that create Chinese culture is with the western culture mutually combinative philosophy system, Feng Youlan have deeply understanding for western culture. He studied the modernization at Chinese inevitability, pay attention to the democracy's economic acculturation premise, particularly analyzed the frame and method of western philosophy, and make use of them to study the history of Chinese philosophy, establish the ontology of the " new Neo -Confucian", make the major contribution for modernization of the Chinese philosophy.


A stochastic bilevel programming problem with multiple followers is presented in this article. Such kinds of problem are computationally difficult and efficient algorithms are lacking thanks to the randomness properties in the problem setting, its hierarchical structure and the expected simultaneous decision at the followers' level for each strategy of the leader. This article proposes a systematic sampling evolutionary algorithm that is established on a sample average approximation, a systematic sampling technique and particle swarm optimization integrated with an iterated method. The solution procedure is implemented and its effectiveness is tested on a variety of illustrative examples from the literature and on carefully constructed problems. The simulation results show that the proposed method is promising and can be used to solve a variety of complex stochastic bilevel programming problems with multiple followers.


Many office and public buildings today are constructed with so called external curtain walls, i.e., large glass facades. Although such structures are aesthetically pleasing and architecturally attractive, protecting such buildings from conventional bomb attacks poses enormous challenge. A standard curtain wall exposed to a bomb blast instantly becomes a source of flying debris of sharp shards which are often more deadly than the blast itself. This paper addresses an approach to providing blast resistant window systems in which the window pane is prevented from blowing forcefully into the room upon an external blast thus protecting occupants from risks of being killed or injured by flying sharp debris. The protective systems use a combination of debris catching systems and strengthening of existing windows to prevent debris from entering the occupied space. The key to optimising the performance of these systems is to use energy absorbing devices that are capable of absorbing displacement of the window pane and converting it into heat or mechanical work. Dynamic non-linear analyses were performed to optimise the parameters of the blast protection systems for glass facades. Practical examples of window retrofit systems with energy absorbing devices will be provided.


This paper introduces a multi-pronged approach for segmentation of color images of man-made structures like cargo containers, buildings etc. A combination of vector angle computation of the RGB data and the absolute difference between the intensity pixels is used to segment the image. This method has the advantage of removing intensity based edges that occur where the saturation is high, while preserving them in areas of the image where saturation is very low and intensity is high. Thus, unlike previous implementations of vector angle methods and edge detection techniques, relevant objects are better segmented and unnecessary details left out. A novel method for connecting broken edges after segmentation using the Hough transform is also presented.


Extinction Rebellion disrupted London and brought many transport routes to a standstill on Easter Weekend in 2019. A key demand for the direct action group was for the government to declare a climate emergency.


The existing approaches to the liabilities state analysis have been analyzed, as well as the place and role of the liabilities state analysis in the financial analysis system of an enterprise have been determined. Проаналізовано існуючі підходи до аналізу стану пасивів, визначено місце та роль аналізу стану пасивів в системі аналізу фінансового стану підприємства.


An algorithm of attribute reduction based on approximation classified quality is given.The algorithm takes empty set as the initial reduction,adding attribute with maximal change in approximation classified quality progressively,until approximation classified quality is equal with that of all attribute.The time complexity of the algorithm is analyzed and an example is investigated to verify this algorithm.The result show that the algorithm is effective and practical.


Background: Bioremediation is crucial for recuperate polluted water and soil. By expanding the surface area of substrates, biosurfactants play a vital role in bioremediation. Bioremediation is crucial for recuperate polluted water and soil. By expanding the surface area of substrates, biosurfactants play a vital role in bioremediation. Biosurfactant producing microbes release certain biosurfactant compounds, which are promoted for oil spill remediation. In the present investigation, a biosurfactant producing bacterium Bacillus tequilensis was isolated from Chilika lake, Odisha, India (latitude and longitude: 19.8450 N 85.4788 E). Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) of Bacillus tequilensis was carried out using Illumina NextSeq 500.Results: The whole genome sequence is 4.47 MB consisting of 4,478,749 base pairs forming a circular chromosome with 528 scaffolds, 4492 protein-encoding genes(ORFs), 81 tRNA genes, and 114 ribosomal RNA transcription units. The total number of raw reads was 4209415, and processed reads were 4058238 with predicted genes of 4492. The whole-genome obtained from the present investigation was used for genome annotation, variant calling, variant annotation and comparative genome analysis with other existing Bacillus species. In this study, a pathway was constructed which describe the biosurfactant metabolism of Bacillus tequilensis. The study identified genes such as SrfAD, SrfAC, SrfAA, SrfAB which are involved in biosurfactant synthesis. Conclusion: The sequence of the genes SrfAD, SrfAC, SrfAA, SrfAB was deposited in Genbank database with accession MUG02427.1, MUG02428.1, MUG02429.1, MUG03515.1 respectively. The whole-genome sequence was submitted to Genbank with an accession RMVO00000000 and the raw reads can be obtained from SRA, NCBI repository using accession: SRX5023292.


There are some problems in the developing pattern and applying popularization of GIS, such as the inconsistency of data form, the imcompatibility of software flat. And, they have baffled the wide application of GIS seriously. Active X control technology is a powerful tool to resolve those problems. The China Mineral GIS (KQGIS) is an inquiry and analysis system which is developed by using MapObjects integrated with VB. Not only image overlay, spatial analysis, map printing ,but also evaluation and analysis of mineral resource are involved in this GIS system. All these functions are used well in the research of geological distribution of mineral deposits in China. This research involves geological distribution, formation conditions and mechanism of copper mineral deposits. The results show that the KQGIS based on active X control can perform all GIS function well. At last, the future application of GIS based on MapObjects is prospected.


With the requirements of miniaturization of the portable consumer electronic products, more and more new materials, fabricating process and technologies are used to make the electronic components flexible, bendable and wearable. Flexible display, as one of the most important components, recently attracts an enormous research interest in industry and university. With the application of these technologies, the reliability issue has been coming forth with the different designs, fabrication processes and substrate material applications. In this paper, simulations including three points bending and twisting in different ways are investigated. In order to verify the simulation model, a special simulation model that contains the strain gauge is built. Through the comparison of the simulation results and strain gauge test results, the initial right model was given. Based on this model, the impact of different bending setup parameters to the display flexibility were studied, such as the bending roller radius, the span of support roller, bending height and etc. And the flexibility and reliability of the display were evaluated by the comparisons.


The safety of Generations II and III nuclear power plants relies on the availability of AC power, which is required for decay heat removal. This AC power (designated offsite power) is provided by sources outside the power plant via a grid that is susceptible to both random and induced failures. When offsite power is lost, alternative emergency sources on-site are started to drive the plant's safety systems. If, however, a situation arises where these sources are also unavailable or unable to provide the required power for the entire period the offsite sources are unavailable, a complete loss of power to the safety buses ensues. This phenomenon is known as Station Blackout (SBO), and its severity depends on its duration as well as, the plant's initial status. Consequently, the time-dependent non-recovery probability of AC power is a key parameter in the risk assessment and management of nuclear power plants. In this work, an easy-to-use and generally applicable reliability framework is proposed to model power recovery in station blackout sequences. It employs a load flow technique integrated into an efficient event-driven Monte-Carlo simulation algorithm. The resulting framework quantifies the probability of power recovery as a function of both time and power level, including other relevant indices. It, therefore, serves the purpose of a rational decision support tool in the mitigation of station blackout accidents. The proposed framework is used to analyse station blackouts emanating from grid and switchyard failures at the Maanshan nuclear power plant in Taiwan.


The utility model relates to a centralized display and control system for operating room equipment data. Site signals converted by infusion pump service, respirator service, monitor service and anesthesia apparatus service are transmitted to a central control system server for processing, the central control system server outputs processed data to a central display screen for displaying, and the data are transmitted to database service for storage. The system is flexible and simple in structure, is highly efficient and convenient, the crowding situation of an operating room is improved, the system meets the HL7 (health level seven) standard, application range is widened, and the system adopts digital and standard management so as to promote information establishment for hospitals.


Host-guest complexes between native cyclodextrins (α-, β- and γ-CD) and hybrid Lindqvist-type polyoxovanadates (POVs) [V6O13((OCH2)3C-R)2]2- with R=CH2CH3, NO2, CH2OH and NH(BOC) were studied in aqueous solution. 6 crystal structures determined by SCXRD analysis revealed the nature of the R group strongly influences the host-guest conformation. In all systems isolated in the solid-state, the organic groups R are embedded within the CD cavities, involving only a few weak supramolecular contacts. The interaction between hybrid POVs and the macrocyclic organic hosts have been studied in solution using ITC, cyclic voltammetry and NMR methods (1H NMR, and 2D DOSY, and ROESY). This set of complementary techniques provides clear insights about the strength of interactions and the binding host-guest modes occurring in aqueous solution, highlighting a dramatic influence of the functional group R on the supramolecular properties of the POV (association constant K1:1 vary from 0 to 2 000 M-1 ) while isolated functional organic groups exhibit only very weak intrinsic affinity with CDs. Electrochemical and calorimetric investigations suggest that the driving force of the host-guest association involving larger CDs (β- and γ-CD) is mainly related to the chaotropic effect. In contrast, the hydrophobic effect supported by weak attractive forces appears as the main contributor for the formation of α-CD-containing host-guest complexes. In any cases, the origin of driving forces is clearly related to the ability of the macrocyclic host to desolvate the exposed moieties of the POVs.


This study investigates the possibility of replacing the minimum web reinforcement in deep beams with discrete fibers. Additionally, the equivalent dosage of fibers required to obtain similar performance of the deep beam with minimum web reinforcement is investigated. Deep beams made of plain concrete with no fibers, beams with minimum web reinforcement as per AASHTO LFRD recommendations (0.3% in both horizontal and vertical), and with a 0.5% volume fraction of steel, macro-synthetic and hybrid fibers are tested at a shear span to height ratio (a/h) of one. Test results show that the presence of 0.3% web reinforcement in horizontal and vertical directions increased the peak load by 25% compared to the plain concrete beams. However, it did not significantly change the first diagonal crack load. With the addition of 0.5% of steel, macro-synthetic and hybrid fibers, the peak load increased by 49%, 42%, and 63%, respectively, compared to the plain concrete specimen. The addition of steel fibers significantly improved the first cracking load. In contrast, macro-synthetic fibers did not affect the first cracking load but improved the ductility with higher deflections at peak. Hybridization of steel and macro synthetic fibers showed improved performance compared to the individual fibers of the same volume in peak load and ductility. Test results showed that a 0.5% volume fraction of discrete macro steel or synthetic or hybrid fibers can be used to completely replace the minimum web reinforcement (0.3% in both directions).


This Symposium was designed to address the question of "controlling the Court through a broken confirmation process: how to fix it going forward?" But before we can answer that question, we must answer: What is the problem to be addressed? Do we need to fix the confirmation process because it enables troubling outcomes or because the process itself raises concerns? My Essay will address both of these questions, suggesting that there is both a substantive problem and a normative one. Each of these questions could elicit different answers. The normative problem is that the confirmation process itself undermines rule of law and an independent judiciary (or at least its appearance). The substantive problem is that the Court's rulings are wrong, out of step with broadly held public views, and dangerous to democracy itself. I argue it is misguided to think we can defer fixing the substantive problem and address only the normative problem initially. This Court poses a direct threat to our democracy and thus we need an immediate response to that existential danger.


Based on the principal-agent theory,the paper analyzed the major stakeholders' acquisition motive and focused on illustrating the impact of shareholding structure on the performance of MA from the quality of controlling shareholder,the management shares,stock concentration and proportion of shares in circulation.The paper chose part of representative samples from the Shanghai exchange and the Shenzhen exchanges in 03,04 to test shareholding structure's impact on performance of MA with the multiple linear regression analysis.In order to objectively reflect the financial performance of MA,the paper selected 12 financial rates to constitute a comprehensive evaluation index system,and used factor analysis to calculate the comprehensive score.The results showed that: In generally speaking,the financial performance of the MA of the listed companies in China experience from drop to rise;The quality of state-owned shareholders has a negative correlation with performance of MA owing to the "the principal vacancy";shareholding of management has a negative correlation with performance of MA,but not significantly.Stock concentration has a negative correlation with the performance of MA,the controlling shareholder who undermine the interests of small and medium-sized shareholders is the main reason which impair the performance of MA;shares in circulation has a positive correlation with performance of MA proving that with the increasing in the proportion of shareholding,"free-rider" problem has been reduced in some extent.Finally,this paper make some recommendations according to the conclusion.


>F the various plans which have been hitherto proposed for the treatment of preternatural or False joints, the method by excision of the broken ends of the bone, and that by irritation with the seton, are alone held in estimation by surgeons. It is important, therefore, to determine which of the two methods deserves the preference, as being the safer, and as affording the better chance of success. The treatment by excision, originally proposed and practised by White, has the advantage of being much quicker in its effect than that by the seton. But it is commenced by a much more formidable operation; it is very apt to be followed by diffuse cellular inflammation; and although several striking cures have certainly been accomplished, it appears on the whole, from the observations collected by Mr Samuel Cooper, to be very uncertain in its effect. The treatment by the seton, which was first proposed and successfully practised by Dr Physic of New York, is more tedious than the former; but it is milder and not so apt to excite violent


Assessing the British Library's contribution to the national economy is a complex matter, requiring consideration of a number of different dimensions. First, the value added by the Library takes many forms—economic, cultural, social and intellectual. Second, the British Library adds value both to those who use our products and services directly, and to the wider UK population who benefit indirectly from the Library's existence and the services it provides. Traditionally, attempts to assess these benefits have taken the form of qualitative case studies—telling good stories, but failing to provide a comprehensive evaluation. But now a technique supported by the Nobel Prize winning economists, Kenneth Arrow and Robert Solow, permits a coherent quantitative evaluation of the total benefit to the nation of publicly funded institutions and programmes. Recognising the value of this technique, the British Library commissioned a groundbreaking research study to estimate the impact of the Library on the UK economy. The study demonstrates that the Library generates value of around 4.4 times the level of its annual public funding of £83m. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first time the 'Contingent Valuation' technique has been used to derive a figure for the overall economic impact of a national or major research library.


Correlative morphologic observations by means of routine cytologic and autoradiographic techniques were made the thymus of the rat after sublethal total- body x irradiation. As with the biochemical observations, a period of radiation reaction can be differentiated from the period of tissue regeneration. A sequential pattern of morphologic and synthetic (incorporation of labeled precursors of DNA) events was demonstrated. These occurred first in the reticulum cells, then in the monocytoid reticular lymphoblasts, and finally in an emerging population of young lymphocytes. The studies suggest that the primitive reticuium cells reproduce with the available preformed Tdr (from the injured lymphocytes) and that these cells probably contain Tdr kinase but lack dCMP deaminase and TMP synthetase. The breakdown or death of lymphocytes may provide the Tdr to the reticulum cell which is capable of phagocytosis, and thus serve as the trigger to synthesis of protein in the reticulum cell and then replication of that cell. It is postulated that the monocytoid lymphoblasts are capable of de novo synthesis and thus contain dCMP deaminase and TMP synthetase. Finally, mature lymphocytes may demonstrate little or no synthesis because of lack of a rate-limiting enzyme such as TMP kinase or DNA-primer formation. (auth)


The paper includes a detailed theoretical and practical analysis of spatial processes of tertiary activities in local and rural development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In recent period, particularly after 1995, in local development of municipalities and, in particular, in rural settlements of Bosnia and Herzegovina big spatial changes occurred thanks to fast development of tertiary activities, which strongly affected the transformation in rural settlements. Our research will be focused primarily on the local, rural development of settlements, expansion of new tertiary activities in rural settlements and on various housing constructions, and arrangement of traffic infrastructure. The mentioned processes strongly affect the contemporary spatial and functional structure of rural settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For analysis of a complex development of tertiary activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina elements of social, economic and physiognomic nature have been taken, which were special and significant for transformation, respectively for the changes of local and rural areas with orientation of spatial development of new economic activities. Bosnia and Herzegovina has significant difficulties in restructuring, but also good prospects to be fast included into the European economic courses.


The empirical study reported in this paper was to determine the effect of strategy-based instruction(SBI) on vocational students' listening comprehension ability.The major findings are as follows: 1) SBI had a positive effect on vocational college students' listening comprehension;2) the effect was greater on low-proficiency students(LPS);3) the results of SILL indicated an overall low frequency in language learning strategies employment.Therefore,vocational college English teachers should include SBI in their teaching.The SBI should be direct,explicit and integrated with regular lessons.LPS are the group that needs the SBI most and will benefit the greatest from it.


Abstract:This paper draws on some of the central insights of critical security studies to develop a critical perspective on the 'War on Terrorism'. It begins with an assessment that the 'War on Terrorism', as presently conceived, is not achieving its objective of eliminating or even reducing the threat of terrorism, but is exacerbating the problem. This may be due to a failure to properly implement the war, as argued by John Kerry. However, the less than successful record may also relate to the fundamental assumptions upon which the war is constructed. The paper explores some of these assumptions, including the significance of naming this problem a 'war,' the role of trauma and poverty in fanning this conflict and the potential for transforming a military logic into a political one.


This project is conduct to reduced the large RCS of conventional antenna by using stealthy design. Many methods have been proposed to reduces the radar cross section (RCS). However, the reduction of RCS will increase the complexity of an antenna system or degrade the antenna performance. The main objective for this project is to develop the Vivaldi RCS Antenna by using the suitable method to reduces the RCS and analyzed these antenna performance in simulation and measurement fabrication. To obtain the simulation result, the antenna was designed on the CST 2014 Software. While, FR-4 was used to implement the hardware fabrication. This project only cover the frequency in C-band range (4-8GHz) and the resonant frequency at 6GHz. Antenna performances that will discuss in this report is the value of gain, return loss, bandwidth, and radiation pattern.


Surface tension values of human sera were determined, figures for freshly separated material being compared with samples from the same sources that had been stored at either 4°C or at — 20°C. Blood for these investigations was obtained from normal individuals as well as from antenatal, diabetic and myeloma patients. Comparisons were performed at 15, 20, 25, 37 and 45°C. Freezing of sera, whether normal or abnormal, resulted in the lowering of surface tension values by a maximum of 3 dynes/cm. Such a reduction was computed to be symptomatic of a partial denaturation, the most likely component involved being a lipoprotein. Human γ‐globulin and human serum albumin were hardly affected by freezing but reconstituted lyophilized serum and reconstituted lyophilized plasma showed the same surface tension depression values as denatured sera. Sera subjected to freezing and thawing displayed increased opalescence as well as increasing the pH value from 7.2 to 7.8 on increased exposure to freezing.


Fake news is a major concern globally. Numerous news articles worldwide have reported on the spread of fake news in multiple arenas. Malaysia, similarly, has been covering the proliferation of fake news in the media. A Fake News Bill was passed in Parliament, at record time, in the hope of attaining preventive measures to counter the spread of fake news (the bill was repealed four months later). This study aims to determine students' perception of fake news in the context of their media usage and message credibility. Specifically, it aims to determine the relationship between media use, message credibility and perception of fake news; and to analyse the mediating effect of message credibility on media use and the perception of fake news. Fake news, in this context, is defined as deliberate misinformation spread by traditional or social media. The research utilizes the Media Dependency Theory in explaining the relationship between the audiences, media and the larger social system. The theoretical framework assumes that during times of conflict or uncertainty, in this case before the General Election 2018, audiences are likely to be more dependent on the media for information. It employs a quantitative research design using the survey method. 237 students from the Department of Communication, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) participated in the study. Findings show that there are significant relationships among media use, message credibility and fake news. The Media Dependency Theory is supported in this study.


The culinary value of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) makes it one of the most valuable pulses.  The enhanced and inorganic farming method of India has been able to attract special attention from scientists and growers. The crucial aspect in pulse productivity is the use of the proper micronutrients in the appropriate proportions. Therefore, the field experiment was carried out at RRTTSS, Kirei, Sundargarh during summer season 2021. Experiment consists of eight treatments replicated thrice with RBD. The results revealed that seed yield (521 kg ha-1), stover yield (1307 kg ha-1), gross returns (Rs. 36470/ha), net returns (Rs. 8020/ha) and benefit cost ratio  (1.28) and nutrient content N (3.86% & 1.25% in seed and stover), P (0.45% & 0.19% in seed & stover), K (0.65% & 1.88% in seed and stover) were recorded significantly highest  under the treatment of 0.5% ZnSO4 and 0.5% FeSO4 foliar spray at flower initiation stage along with RDF and FYM. Highest Zn content (51.01 ppm) in seed and (17.43 ppm) in stover  was obtained in T3- T1+ 0.5% ZnSO4 FI & PI stage. The maximum iron content in seed (117.50 ppm) as well as in stover (84.97 ppm) was observed in T5 - T1+ 0.5% FeSO4 at FI & PI   stage.


We extend our previous results of the 14th post-Newtonian (PN) order expansion of gravitational waves for a test particle in circular orbits around a Schwarzschild black hole to the 22PN order, i.e. v 44 beyond the leading Newtonian approximation where v is the orbital velocity of a test particle. Comparing our 22PN formula for the energy flux with high precision numerical results, we find that the relative error of the 22PN flux at the innermost stable circular orbit is about 10 − 5 . We also estimate the phase difference between the 22PN waveforms and numerical waveforms after a two-year inspiral. We find that the dephase is about 10 − 9 for μ/M = 10 − 4 and 10 − 2 for μ/M = 10 − 5 where μ is the mass of the compact object and M the mass of the central supermassive black hole. Finally, we construct a hybrid formula of the energy flux by supplementing the 4PN formula of the energy flux for circular and equatorial orbits around a Kerr black hole with all the present 22PN terms for the case of a Schwarzschild black hole. Comparing the hybrid formula with the the full numerical results, we examine the performance of the hybrid formula for the case of Kerr black hole.


Aims: To examine how the Islamic State projects itself through the translation and dissemination of images and texts, and how this is reconstructed by Western and Arabic media.