【Objective】 To study the communication between IL -8 with acute respiratory failure (ARF). 【Method】 Forty New ZeaLand rabbits were randomly divided into ARF group and constrastive group. In ARF group,oleicacid was given in travenously to induce lung injury. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and receptor antagonist-8 (IL-8) in serum and BALF were measured before and after ARF.【Result】 The IL-8 and TNFα in acute respiratory failure group is higher than them in constrastive group (P 0.01,P 0.05).【Conclusions】 IL8 may lead to acute respiratory failure,and could be enhance the useness.


Under the constraint of memory capacity of the neural network and the document length, it is difficult to generate summaries with adequate salient information. In this work, the self-matching mechanism is incorporated into the extractive summarization system at the encoder side, which allows the encoder to optimize the encoding information at the global level and effectively improves the memory capacity of conventional LSTM. Inspired by human coarse-to-fine understanding mode, localness is modeled by Gaussian bias to improve contextualization for each sentence, and merged into the self-matching energy. The refined self-matching mechanism not only establishes global document attention but perceives association with neighboring signals. At the decoder side, the pointer network is utilized to perform a two-hop attention on context and extraction state. Evaluations on the CNN/Daily Mail dataset verify that the proposed model outperforms the strong baseline models and statistical significantly.


The invention relates to the field of a micromechanical gyroscope, and particularly relates to a circuit for promoting a micromechanical gyroscope to start vibrating rapidly. The circuit comprises an excitation square wave generation circuit, an operation amplification circuit and a signal modulation circuit, wherein the excitation square wave generation circuit is used for generating an excitation square wave signal; the excitation square wave signal is transmitted when the excitation square wave generation circuit is powered on after a center frequency of a drive shaft of the micromechanical gyroscope is transmitted to the excitation square wave generation circuit; the operation amplification circuit is used for amplifying and reversing the excitation square wave signal and a drive shaft detection signal so as to obtain an alternating-current drive signal; the drive shaft detection signal is transmitted after the drive shaft of the gyroscope is detected by a detecting module; the signal modulation circuit is used for superposition of the alternating-current drive signal, a direct-current bias voltage signal and a carrier signal so as to generate a mixed signal.


This research is to study the performance test and numerical analysis for ice manufacture system using, the three section heat pipe. The ice manufacturing system used for this research is a heat pipe made by tube of 1200㎜ length, 22.2㎜ diameter used as the evaporator. The performance characteristics in this system was base on wall temperature of heat pipe and ice making quantity. Also the experimental data was compared with numerical analysis by wall temperature and the results show that, in this case 10% working fluid and -8℃ coolant, the maximum error rate was within 2%. This research was given an important information to predict the ice manufacture characteristics in this system by numerical solution.


A negatively buoyant inflow to a lake or reservoir sinks to the bottom and forms an underflow. In this process, the "plunging flow" entrains ambient water and becomes diluted. The dilution alters the buoyancy and hence the flow behavior of the underflow. Since literature on entrainment by underflows does not include the "plunging process" itself, great uncertainty exists when the initial conditions of underflows have to be estimated. Therefore, the density driven plunging phenomenon is experimentally investigated in a horizontal diverging channel. Entrainment rates are determined from velocity and temperature measurements and related to channel diffuser angle, inflow densimetric Froude number, and inflow channel aspect ratio. The experiments are conducted at inflow channel Reynolds numbers larger than 10,000. Experimental diffuser angles are varied from 3° to 180°, inflow densimetric Froude numbers from 1.8 to 21 and channel aspect ratios from 0.5 to 1.8. The information is of use as input to one‐dimensio...


The qualitative characteristics of transformer oil plays an important role in evaluating the working performance of transformers. The most predominant factors responsible for causing deterioration of transformer oil and subsequently failure of transformers are: 1) Development of internal pressure in the oil. 2) The rise in temperature during operating conditions. 3) Frequent change in operating voltage levels. 4) Rapid deterioration of solid insulating materials such as laminated paper, press board, various kinds of paper/cloth, both electrically and mechanically. The above mentioned causes of deterioration of oil directly or indirectly affect the working condition of the transformers in the field. This paper illustrates the assessment of deterioration level of transformer oil by ferro-graphic technique and thermal ageing failure data.


The utility model discloses a quick coupling structure. A clamping part and a groove are inserted mutually. A first step ring is pressed against a first C-shaped ring buckle. When a second step ring is positioned at the position of a first through hole and is pressed against a first ball body and the first ball body partly protrudes in a holding tube, an inner flange of a sleeve ring is positioned at the position of a second through hole and is pressed against a second ball body and the second ball body partly protrudes in the holding tube. The first ball body is pressed against a sleeve seat so that a shaft sleeve and a first elastic component are in the fixed state. The clamping part is rotated away from the position of the groove so as to push a sleeve away. When the first and second step rings move toward the direction far away from an extension part so as to be far away from the position of the first through hole, the inner flange compresses a second elastic component and is far away from the position of the second through hole, the first ball body moves away from the top end of the sleeve seat into a space formed by a sleeve main body, the second ball body moves into a space formed by a sleeve ring main body, and the shaft sleeve is in the movable state by elasticity of the first elastic component. Therefore, the fixed and movable states designed by the utility model simplify operation of combination of a screwdriver head and make the screwdriver head convenient to use.


Serological-sensitive testing of cholesterol holds significant value in the fields of healthcare and clinical diagnosis. This study reports on the preparation of peroxidase-mimicking nanozymes through the wrapping of N, S-doped carbon dots (DCDs) on the surface of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs@DCD). The shell–core structure of Ag NPs@DCD displays peroxidase-mimicking capability, with the potential to catalyze inactive Raman probe molecules into the Raman reporters. Furthermore, a "shell-isolated nanoparticles-enhanced Raman spectroscopy" structure exhibited an enhanced Raman signal of reporter molecules. Ag NPs@DCD were utilized to create a label-free SERS sensing system for high-performance detection of cholesterol in serum samples. These results demonstrate the potential of the novel nanozyme-based SERS approach for clinical diagnosis.


Summary The chromatographic properties of an alkylphosphonate-modified magnesia-zirconta composite stationary phase have been investigated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with basic compounds as probes. The influence of organic modifier composition and mobile phase pH was studied. The new stationary phase, similar to a silica-based reversed-phase stationary phase, has hydrophobic properties, but greater pH stability. Use of the phase results in more symmetric peaks for basic compounds. A possible mechanism of retention of basic solutes on the new stationary phase is discussed. The chromatographic behavior of the basic solutes depends mainly on hydrophobic interactions belween the solutes and the hydrophobic moie~ of the stationary phase. Br6nsted acidic and basic sites on the surface of the new stationary phase play an important role in the retention of ionized solutes by ion-exchange interaction. Promising separations of some basic compounds have been achieved by use of methanolic TRIS buffer, pH 10.0, as the mobile phase.


To research the effects of microstructure on the fatigue crack propagation(FCP) behavior,three kinds of bainite steels with different microstructure were studied by FCP test,and the crack was analyzed with SEM and EBSD.Results show that the lath bainite has the strongest ability to hinder the FCP and the minimum FCP rate at the near-threshold and stable propagation areas.The high-angle boundaries in the lath bainite microstructure make the fatigue crack deflecting easier,which leads to the fracture surface more roughness and promotes the RICC.With the increasing of ΔK,the RICC decreases and the PICC plays a leading role during the FCP gradually,and this is an essential reason why the FCP rate in the lath bainite is sensitive to the change of ΔK.


Crops losses following pest attacks 'are often very important in cotton. After a brief review of various key pests in different ecosystems, some factors limiting pest incidence are considered: natural factors regulating pest populations, farmers practices regarding cultural control and pesticides use, varietal resistance of tolerance to pests and the rational of chemical use. Phytosanitary legislation is briefly cited, before a conclusion devoted to training of different actors involved in cotton pest control. (Resume d'auteur)


Local Revenue is income obtained through sources of funds from local tax, regional retribution, the results of the management of the separated regional wealth, and other legitimate local revenues. Restaurant tax, advertising tax, hotel tax, and parking tax are included in local taxes, which are one of the sources of local revenue in Metro City. This study aims to determine the contribution of restaurant tax, advertising tax, hotel tax, and parking tax to local revenue in Metro City for 2016-2020. This study uses quantitative methods with descriptive research types. The population used is a local revenue budget realization report of Metro City, with a sample of 60 samples consisting of January 2016 to December 2020. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling with saturated sampling. In this study, multiple linear regression analysis was used. This study uses Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS 26 Version 9 to process the data. The average contribution of restaurant tax revenue to local revenue during 2016-2020 is 95.39%, the contribution of advertising tax is 28.39%, the contribution of hotel tax is 18.00%, and the contribution of parking tax is 18.18%. The study's results simultaneously show an influence between restaurant tax, advertising tax, hotel tax, and parking tax on local revenue of 17.7%. The remaining 82.3% is influenced by other variables not explained in this study. Partially, the parking tax has a significant effect on local tax. However, the restaurant tax, advertising tax, and hotel tax have no significant effect on local revenue.


This paper reports the establishment and initial characterization of an immortalized line of human, adipose tissue-derived microvascular endothelial cells. Transfection of primary endothelial cell cultures was accomplished by the introduction of a plasmid, which contained simian virus 40 large T antigen DNA as well as a Rous sarcoma viral promoter region. One emergent colony, termed HADMEC-5, was isolated and has been passaged 45 times to date. The cells express simian virus 40 large T antigen protein, are immunohistochemically positive for factor VIII-related antigen, bind Ulex europaeus lectin, and accumulate Dil-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein. The HADMEC-5 line demonstrates a highly proliferative growth rate in the absence of supplemental growth factors, when compared with primary cultures of nontransformed endothelial cells. HADMEC-5 growth remains serum dependent, but exhibits a lower serum requirement than nontransformed cells. The transformed cells grow well upon a variety of matrix compounds and in a variety of growth media. When grown upon Matrigel™, the HADMEC-5 cells form three dimensional tube-like structures. The HADMEC-5 line was also tested for its ability to produce eicosanoids in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The transformed cells, tested at passages 7 and 45, displayed a dose-dependent production of prostaglandin E2 in response to lipopolysaccharide in a manner similar to that seen in primary cell cultures. Threshold sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide was 10 pg/mL of media. The HADMEC-5 cell line represents a unique model in which to investigate lipopolysaccharide interactions with microvessel-derived endothelial cells and is of potential value in the study of other aspects of endothelial cell physiology.


Morphological evolutions and volume expansions of electrode materials that can be potentially applied for energy storage devices are critical issues as they trigger loss of electric contact and subsequent pulverization that lead to capacity decay and shorter cycle life. At the same time, understanding the morphological dynamics of electrode materials upon lithiation and sodiation is crucial to further suggest superior material designs that can best modify such structures. Since the examination of morphological evolution of SnO 2 nanowires upon lithiation published in Science [1], much research has taken place to investigate more into the morphological evolution and grain dynamics and kinetics of SnO 2 -based materials, either in lithiation or sodiation [2-4]. The previous works rooted in observing in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation on SnO 2 nanowire-based systems showed severe volume expansion, along with morphological changes, which suggested the need for designing the smarter materials that induce less volume expansion. At the same time, the previous works showed inherent limitations in two main points: 1) it used ionic electrolyte with multi-component (TEM) holder, instead of organic electrolytes, which are somewhat distant from the realistic cell condition and 2) the sodiation/lithiation were unidirectional, instead of multidirectional, which is somewhat distant from the actual sodiation/lithiation process in the battery where transport of Li/Na ions and electrons is happening in any random directions. To overcome some of these issues, a recent study on the growth orientation of Si nanoparticles was studied by in Situ TEM observation using graphene liquid cell (GLC) [5], where it demonstrated the possibility of utilizing GLC to observe electrochemical phenomena under more realistic cell condition. Here, we have expanded the study to the sodiation behaviour of SnO 2 nanotubes


Please don't circulate or cite without permission. Preliminary and very incomplete draft. Comments are extremely welcome. Abstract. We use highway procurement data from Michigan to study the e¤ect of …rms' distances to the auction site on participation and bidding decisions. Motivated by " reduced form " evidence, we account for endogenous participation and allow the participation decision to be correlated with subsequent bids. That is, while distant …rms face higher costs to complete the project, their participation may indicate otherwise. We develop a structural model of correlated participation and bidding decisions and sketch its non-parametric identi…cation. We then estimate the model to quantify the importance of distance, the extent of local market power in the industry, and the e¤ect of subsidizing participation in remote regions.


3-Hydroxypropyl p-hydroxyphenyl ketone (7) is selectively prepared in 96% yield by the Friedel−Crafts reaction of anisole, 4-chlorobutyryl chloride (5) and aluminum chloride in chlorobenzene at 100 °C, followed by quenching the mixture in aqueous hydrochloride at <40 °C. Heating of the quenched aqueous mixture to 100 °C converts hydroxyl compound 7 cleanly to 3-chloropropyl p-hydroxyphenyl ketone (2) in 95−99% yield. Compounds 2 and 7 are interchangeable. Heating chloride 2 with aluminum chloride produces alcohol 7; whereas heating 7 in aqueous hydrochloric acid gives 2 exclusively. The chloride 2 is easily converted to cyclopropyl p-hydroxyphenyl ketone (1) at 0 °C using 6 equiv of aqueous sodium hydroxide or 2 equiv of potassium tert-butoxide in 92 and 96% yields, respectively.


Dynamic modeling of piezo-driven compliant mechanisms is necessary to predict dynamic behavior of nanopositioning systems, and also to optimize their controlling methods. Dynamic tests on a real system or dynamic analyses on a FEM model is very time consuming when they must be carried out iteratively. According to previous works, obtaining static specifications of model is possible within a reasonable error margin. But all geometric dimensions and mass distribution details of the whole moving parts should be considered to calculate dynamic specifications of the model. In this paper, a functional method is described to obtain dynamic specifications of an planar compliant mechanism, by means of a reference Frequency Response Function (FRF) diagram. On the other hand, an equivalent analytical FRF is derived from the Mass-Spring model. A Genetic Algorithm optimization process is performed on the mass matrix for matching of the two FRF diagrams. Results show that a diagonal 3-by-3 mass matrix can nearly follow dynamic behavior of FEM model. It also is verified that results from the optimized dynamic model and the FEM model will have similar response to step excitation.© 2009 ASME


Abstract : This document presents abstracts of the 1991 publications and presentations of the Mapping, Charting, and Geodesy Division, Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS.


Implementing a proper learning model during the post COVID-19 pandemic is fundamental for learning quality enhancement, specifically for students' conceptual mastery. The research aims to develop a Complexity Science- Problem Based Learning (CS-PBL) model assisted by the Sistem Informasi Pengelola Pembelajaran (SIPEJAR) e-learning platform that is valid, practical, and effective to enhance students' conceptual mastery during the post COVID-19 pandemic. The research and development model were adapted from Plomp Nieven consisted of three phases: preliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. The first phase research result was that the learning process in during COVID-19 pandemic was less interactive, which led to less effective learning. The students' score on conceptual mastery was in the poor category. The second phase resulted in a book of CS-PBL model assisted by SIPEJAR and supporting instruments considered valid by three experts. The third phase result was that the CS- PBL model assisted by SIPEJAR was considered practical in the learning process implementation. The CS-PBL model can enhance students' conceptual mastery where the N-gain was sufficiently effective. It is concluded that the CS-PBL model assisted by SIPEJAR was considered valid, practical, and effective to enhance students' conceptual mastery during the post COVID-19 pandemic.


We study the fractional quantum Hall effect at ν=7/3 and 5/2 in the presence of the spin–orbit interaction, using the exact diagonalization method and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method in a spherical geometry. Trial wave functions at these fillings are the Laughlin state and Moore–Reed–Pfaffian state. The ground-state excitation energy gaps and pair-correlation functions at fractional filling factors ν=7/3 and 5/2 in the second Landau level are calculated. We find that the spin–orbit interaction stabilizes the fractional quantum Hall states.


The generation of profitable trading rules for stock market investments is a difficult task but admired problem. First stage is classifying the prone direction of the price for BSE index (India cements stock price index (ICSPI)) futures with several technical indicators using artificial intelligence techniques. And second stage is mining the trading rules to determined conflict among the outputs of the first stage using the evolve learning. We have found trading rule which would have yield the highest return over a certain time period using historical data. These groundwork results suggest that genetic algorithms are promising model yields highest profit than other comparable models and buy-and-sell strategy. Experimental results of buying and selling of trading rules were outstanding. Key words: Data mining, Trading rule, Genetic algorithm, ANN, ICSPI prediction


With the continuous promotion of low-carbon development, integrated energy systems (IES) have gradually become an important supporting technology to achieve emission reduction targets. Based on the energy hub concept, this study proposes an IES model that incorporates scenery storage, gas turbines, and flexible loads to leverage the leveling, shifting, and cutting characteristics of the demand-side flexible load. The IES scheduling model aims to minimize the cost and is solved using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. By comparing scenarios before and after optimization, the study analyzes the role of rational scheduling of flexible loads in reducing peaks and valleys and lowering system costs in IES. The research results indicate that the participation of flexible load scheduling can effectively improve the stability and comprehensive efficiency of the system.


International trade frictions are becoming more and more white - hot with the development of economic globalization. It is a great subject for every country how to avoid trade friction and how to promote economy sustainable development. The analysis on the reason and characteristics of trade friction contribute to terminating trade friction between America and China, so do the research on how to solve it. Further more, these researches are great valuable to end trade friction between developing country and developed country.


Spatially distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems offer an advantage in locating and characterizing targets compared to individual MIMO radar. In such systems, precise antenna positioning is crucial for their imaging performance. This letter presents a method for antenna position estimation based on radar wave propagation between the antennas. The antenna positions are calculated based on a multilateration algorithm and further optimized by using Levenberg–Marquardt method and singular value decomposition. Ranging and positioning performances obtained with a 15-GHz stepped frequency MIMO radar are described and evaluated. Finally, measurement results from a test object illustrate the performance of the proposed method for near-field nondestructive targets testing.


Reversed dispersion slope PBG fibers are presented around one micron by the introduction of partial reflector layer around the core resulting in a strongly wavelength dependent nonlinear phase shift on the propagating fundamental mode.


The Bakken Formation, an organic-rich, oil-prone unit, is the source of the crude oils found in the middle Bakken and overlying Madison Group. Thickness, organic carbon, and vitrinite reflectance data for the Bakken were gathered from 101 wells within the Williston basin and evaluated in terms of source potential. An index exists that combines sediment thickness, organic carbon content, and thermal maturity data into a single mappable parameter that indicates areas of potential hydrocarbon generation. Multiplying the average percent organic carbon by the effective source rock thickness of a formation yields a richness factor that is then multiplied by maturity scaling factors to give source potential ratings for oil and/or gas generation. By using burial-history curves and thermal-maturation modeling, the rating index can be used to look at source potential through geologic time. The Bakken Formation has been evaluated with the aid of the rating index. The source-potential rating index provides objective semiquantitative measures by which the source potential of a single formation can be compared within an area or the source potential of two or more formations can be compared within the same or different basins. The Bakken did not begin to reach high source potential until toward the end of the Late Cretaceous. This contrasts with previous authorities who believed the Bakken was at peak generation and expelling hydrocarbons throughout the Cretaceous. End_of_Article - Last_Page 860------------


Abstract A method is presented for determining an optimum sequencing inspection plan for a group of inspectors operating at different skill and cost levels. Production and inspection costs for both accepted and rejected items are considered, and dependencies among successive inspections are permitted. A branch-and-bound technique is used to determine the optimum plan. Results are demonstrated by a numerical example.


This paper presents an analytical solution for floating-ring journal bearing and a theretical analysis of unbalance vibration of a rotor-bearing system. Theoretical solutions for fluid film force, friction coefficient and stifness and damping coefficients are derived. The effect of a floating-ring journal bearing on unbalance vibrations of a symmetrical rotor-bearing system and some design recommendations for optimum bearing dimensions are discussed.


Abstract Lean philosophy has been one of the most prominent methodologies of process improvement. Positive results from lean implementations have motivated managers to carry out lean transformations. However, the low success rates, linked to barriers to implement lean are still a challenge, and one of the reasons is the lack of understanding of these inhibitors and enablers. Scholars have investigated barriers that affect the lean journey, some of these barriers overlap and require a meaningful categorisation. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to fill in this gap by providing a review of more than 20 years of literature, and synthesising these barriers into meaningful organisational categories. To achieve this aim, we employed a systematic literature review. Our findings present six meaningful lean barriers, which we categorised into a framework. These barriers have mainly behavioural and organisational aspects (people-dependent), and technical aspects (tool-based). Finally, we derived eight propositions, contributing to knowledge and practice.


•A morning session was played according to the rules set up by the researchers (Fig. 4). This highlighted social inequity regarding investment in plantation crops and stimulated discussions among the players. •Two scenarios were suggested to solve the problem. •Green tea, the "perennial crop of the poor" (no inputs, stable prices) recently introduced on the farms, was inserted in this model. •A labor constraint was also introduced as perennial crops are less labour-intensive than annual crops and allow more off-farm employment.


This thesis focuses on the evolution of star clusters within the global picture of galaxy evolution, in particular the dynamical evolution of globular clusters and how this affects the way they are observed. The high density of globular clusters allows us to use them as laboratories of stellar evolution and stellar interactions: even though they are old, they are still dynamically active. As they are in general over 10 billion years old, they witnessed the formation and evolution of their host galaxy, and with observations we can only study them in their current, evolved state. In this thesis, such observations are complemented by direct, star-by-star (so-called direct N -body) simulations of cluster evolution and new methods for the analysis are presented to facilitate the comparison between theory and observations. I introduce star clusters in general, key information about star cluster and stellar evolution, as well as the approach of N -body modelling. The bulk of the thesis is about the impact of metallicity on cluster evolution: the chemical composition affects stellar evolution and hence mass-loss rates and remnant masses of cluster members. Globular cluster systems emerge in two sub-populations: metal-poor (appearing blue) and metalrich (appearing red), with the red clusters more centrally concentrated within their host galaxy. In addition, the blue globular clusters are on average ∼ 20% larger in size than the red ones. I show that while clusters of different metallicity are structurally identical, an apparent size difference is found owing to the combined effects of metallicity and mass segregation. These findings are followed up with a study on the effects of metallicity on the evolution of cluster colour over time, with a particular focus to disentangle internal and external effects. An example is the impact of the preferential removal of low-mass stars in the cluster outskirts on cluster colour. I show that the cluster colour is driven by the giants in the cluster, and that in terms of colour, the cluster is rather unaware of the removal of low-mass stars. Before concluding the thesis, I show that two recently discovered black hole candidates in the Milky Way cluster M22, the first black holes detected in a Milky Way globular cluster, are no surprise from a dynamical point of view. While these findings can only be applied to other clusters with exceptionally large core radii like M22, I predict that the evaporation of remnant black holes is happening on a slower rate than previously thought. The model created and used for this study includes more than 250 000 stars and is currently the largest (and ultimately one of the most realistic) direct N -body model of a globular cluster.


Famous Greek philosophers, especially Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, satiated research and study. As for Stoic philosophy, and especially their ethical doctrine, it did not find its share of sufficient study, so I wanted to write a research on this subject, because Stoicism is not only a philosophical doctrine, but it is also ethics and religion, and it is at its core. An ethical philosophy, and the Stoics believed in the high status of philosophy, the majesty of its message, and its ability to be guidance and guidance for people, and that the Stoic definition of philosophy indicates that ethics has the first place in it.


Family businesses have been a recognized part of the Slovenian economy since the revival of SMEs and entrepreneurship in the 1990s. We examined some aspects of owner-managers' attitudes towards different sources of finance, from internally generated funds of owners and the business itself, to bank loans and external equity capital, the latter being the most challenging source for the internal structure of ownership and governance of family businesses. A survey of SMEs has been analyzed, indicating statistically significant differences in attitudes and behavior. Some findings contradicted the assumed behavior, although several ways of rational explanation may be found, once the origins of family businesses in Slovenia and their short tradition were taken into consideration.


D-Glucoses, one of the aldohexoses, was reacted with carbonyl compound such as actione or cyclohexanone. Hydroxy groups which are C-1, C-2 site and C-5, C-6 site of D-glucose molecule were substituted with isopropylidene or cyclohexylidene group and such 3-O-acyl-D-glucoses as 3-O-lauroyl-D-glucose, 3-O-myristoryl-D-glucose, 3-O-palmitoyl-D-glucose, 3-O-stearoyl-D-glucsoe and 3-O-oleoyl-D-glucose were obtained by acylation with acylchlorides having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms followed by hydrolysis.


In domains B with smoothly-varying boundary conditions, points where wavefunctions are required to vanish were recently identified as 'Dirichlet singularities' (D points) where the Hamiltonian H does not define discrete eigenvalues and a scattering phase is undetermined (Berry and Dennis 2008 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 41 135203). This is explained (Marletta and Rozenblum 2009 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 42 125204) by the observation, illustrated with an exactly-solvable separable model, that a D point requires the specification of an additional parameter defining a family of self-adjoint extensions of H. Here the underlying theory is presented in an elementary way, and a D point is identified as a leak, through which current can flow into or out of B. Hermiticity seals the leak, ensuring that no current flows though the D point (as well as across the boundary of B). The solvable model is examined in detail for bound states, where B is a semidisk, and for wave reflections, where B is a half-plane. The quantization condition for a nonseparable billiard is obtained explicitly.


Entrepreneurship can promote innovation and economic development in a region or country. The importance given to entrepreneurship can be partly explained by the fact that the innovation resulted from the formation of new enterprises is considered the basis for economic growth and development. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of perceptions of enablers of entrepreneurial intention in Romania. Therefore, using a sample of 2002 surveys from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor from 2015, we measured the influence of perceptions on entrepreneurial intention of Romanian respondents. We tested their effect using also control variables such as: age, income, education, and gender. The empirical results show that perceived opportunities, perceived skills, and role models are important factors in the intention of starting a new business in Romania.


4330V is a high strength, high toughness, heat treatable low alloy steel for application in the oil, gas and aerospace industries. It is typically used for large diameter drilling parts where high toughness and strength are required. The research describes the effect of preheat temperature, interpass temperature, heat input, and post weld heat treatment on strength, hardness, toughness, and changes to microstructure in the weld joint. Welding with the lower heat input and no post weld heat treatment resulted in optimal mechanical properties in the weld metal. Austempering at 400 °C resulted in optimal mechanical properties in the HAZ. Increasing preheat and interpass temperature from 340 °C to 420 °C did not improve Charpy V-notch values or ultimate tensile strength in the weld metal or heat affected zones. The higher temperature increased the width of the heat affected zone. Austempering at 400 °C reduced HAZ hardness to a level comparable to the base metal. Both tempering and austempering at 400 °C for 10 hours reduced toughness in the weld metal.


Nowadays, polluted wastewater containing heavy metals is an environmental problem that should be solved due to the high environmental impact of these wastes. In order to fullfill the "zero discharge" strategy, the recovery of the valuable compounds from these solutions is an important economical and environmental objective. One of the technologies in agreement with this strategy is the Emulsion Pertraction Technology that is a new membrane-based solvent extraction technology able to remove metals from aqueous streams in a selective way and simultaneously, to concentrate them making possible metallic valorisation.


After a discussion over the problem of data fusion in a distributed network of multi-sensor processing nodes,the authors have formulated a distributed Kalman filter which has no central processor.Global optimum estimates at each node can be obtained by requiring an underlying centrality of the state space rather than a centralized topology.The problem of communicating and assimilating relevant estimates directly between nodes with different models and state subspaces is solved using inter-nodal transformations.Model distribution can receive the information from the specific node;any node can make the global optimum estimate to the overall situation.


The Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is well known meta-heuristic algorithm and has been previously used for optimization of various conventional PID and FOPID controllers. This paper deals with the application of Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm and internal model control (IMC) for optimization of fractional order PID (FOPID) controller parameters to the load disturbance of system. This is applicable for one (or) single area non reheated electrical system. The simulation results are compared with the non re-heated Big Bang Big Crunch (BBBC) optimization outputs. In this paper, BBBC optimization has the two bounding cases (lower & upper), they are before and after the perturbation cases. Also it is observed that in case of the BBBC output responses, the settling time value of load frequency is more when compared with the GWO. From the simulation results it is concluded that GWO out performs as compared with BBBC as it produces less error and settling time.


Background: The emigration of Mexicans to the USA has increased in the last decades, and little is known about the effect of this on the mental health of those who stay behind. Aims: To evaluate the association of emigration of husband and depressive symptoms (DS) among women who stay in Mexico. We also tested the hypothesis that the husband's migration would increase the woman's autonomy, which in turn would decre se DS. Methods: A survey was conducted in a rural area in Mexico. Participants (n = 418) were selected through probabilistic sampling in three stages: localities, households and individuals. DS were evaluated using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Results: Having a partner in the USA was associated with higher odds of scoring above the cut-off point in CES-D (OR 3.77, 95% CI 1.92—7.43). Economic autonomy was also associated with DS (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04—2.02). Conclusion: Migration of husband was associated with DS among women. The construct of autonomy and its operational definition should be further explored.


Selection of airfoil is crucial for better aerodynamic performance and design of aerodynamic applications such as wind turbine and aircrafts. In this paper, a high-lift and low-Reynolds number airfoil has been selected and investigated through computational analysis for applying it for small-sized wind turbines as blades. The S1223 airfoil, designed by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, was chosen for its high-lift characteristics at low Reynolds number typically encountered by the small wind turbines. CFD work is performed with S1223 airfoil profile over a wide range of conditions of interest to analyze the performance of the airfoil using the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The results obtained from the simulation works have been compared with experimental data for validation purpose. It has been found that the Spalart-Allmaras model conforms well with the experimental results, though the values of lift coefficients (Cl) are slightly less than the experimental results. In the present analysis, velocity distributions are analyzed at different angle of attacks for different turbulence intensities. It has been observed that there is vortex shedding around the trailing edge of the airfoil for both turbulence levels. It has been observed in the present study that due to increase in turbulence intensity, both the maximum lift coefficient and the stall angle increases significantly. It has been found after investigating the effect of turbulence intensity over lift-to-drag coefficient ratio that it drastically decreases due to increase in turbulence intensity up to certain value (about 3.5%), then it starts decreasing in gradual manner.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


PURPOSE
The aim was to investigate the accuracy of quantitative computed tomography bone mineral density (BMD) measurements in mandibles, comparing measured BMD with calibrated BMD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventy mandibles from adult cadavers were used. Twenty tomographic cuts were made in each mandible. In each tomographic cut, a region of interest was located, and the bone density was measured in Hounsfield unit (HU). A polymethyl methacrylate phantom containing four inserts of different predetermined densities (hydroxyapatite 100, 200, 500, and 700 mg/cm(3) ) was used to calculate calibrated bone density. Correlation between measured and calibrated bone densities was calculated.

RESULTS
Mean total correlation between measured and calibrated BMD in the 20 sagittal tomography cuts showed almost perfect positive correlation (r = 0.998, p < .001). However, when average BMD measurements in HU were compared, the measured total BMD (in the 20 sagittal tomography cuts studied) was 54.99 ± 421.59, whereas the total calibrated BMD was 49.28 ± 364.95, with statistically significant difference (p = .001).

CONCLUSIONS
There are discrepancies between measured and calibrated BMD; in this sense, a calibrated bone phantom with a predetermined mineral density should be used to determine the exact BMD before dental implants surgery.


Abstract: The chapter is focused on fibre-reinforced thermoplastics. The fibre reinforcement improves their mechanical properties but the fibre orientation which results from the injection moulding process has a major influence. The chapter contains results of experimental observations of fibre length distribution, concentration and orientation for complex enough situations in order to describe problems encountered in real industrial processes. Then, the models which allow describing the evolution of fibre orientation in a flow motion are exposed. Finally, computations are made with an injection moulding simulation tool (Rem3D) in which these models are available. The comparison with experimental data concerning fibre orientation prediction gives information on the validity and the influence of various parameters associated with these models.


Spatial Air Index (SAI) has been proposed for improving query performance of k-nearest neighbour queries in road networks. SAI has been effectively utilized the usage of Adaptive Cooperative Caching (ACC) and reduced search space. Experiments have been conducted for evaluated query result, the experimental result show that SAI outperform compared to state-of-the-art Network Partition Index (NPI).


Purpose: To evaluate and optimize the performance of a prototype robotic manipulator designed for prostate seed implantations in a gel phantom. Methods and Materials: The prototype design is a custom‐built six degree‐of‐ freedom robot engineered for highly accurate prostate seed implantations. The robot allows for a fully automatic insertion or a manually assisted implantation using the device as a guide. The accuracy was determined using a gel phantom with a holed‐template placed at 10 cm depth. Insertion speed and rotation were varied, and the distance from the target hole was measured. The effect on the gel due to needle rotation was observed for increased damage. The experiment included both manual and automatic insertions using 30 cm, 17‐gauge, beveled‐tip prostate brachytherapy needles. Results: The optimal techniques were automatic insertions with a rotation speed of 10 rev/s or 1 rev/s. This provided a "hit" of the target 67% of the insertions with maximum displacement in the "non‐hit" insertions of 2.1 mm. The least accurate technique utilized a non‐rotated needle, which deflects towards its beveled‐tip as inserted. The total displacement from the target with this technique reached distances of greater than 8 mm for a 10 cm depth insertion with an average of 6.9 ± 0.8 mm. Conclusion: Preliminary results yielded an optimization of insertion parameters which increased the accuracy from near 1 cm to sub‐millimeter displacements. The robot was determined to have a high accuracy in tip placement within the gel. Rotation of the needle can dramatically increase the accuracy of the tip's final position. Rotating the needle at 1 rev/s yielded an accurate implant with minimal increase in gel damage. The robot used in conjunction with an optimized needle insertion technique benefits the patient with increased accuracy, leading to a more successful outcome and reduced complications.


At the elementary level, White, female music teachers largely populate music education. In the diverse schools of Toronto in Canada, teachers navigate their White subjectivities in a range of ways. My research examines the discourses, philosophies, and practices of four White, female elementary music educators who have striven to challenge dominant paradigms of music education. Their practices include critically engaging issues of social justice, studying a broad range of musics, and emphasizing contextualization. In many ways, these teachers interrupt the Eurocentric paradigm of music education to explore other possibilities with students. However, equity work is messy, and there were also moments that unsettled these teachers' active equity agendas. This article describes both the subversions and the reinscriptions in a way that might be instructive to music education.


s Strengthening collective action at the community level was built through the pillars of social capital will strengthen the bargaining power of the local community against external forces seeking to exploit natural resources. An identification study was conducted to examine the potential of social capital in fishing communities, especially in activities related to post-earthquake and tsunami economic activities. To achieve this objective, the reserachers made a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches is used, with a population of all fishermen households that have remained for at least five years. Sample determination was done by using multilevel cluster technique. The results show that poor fishermen do not seem to have any initiative to solve the problems they face. From the main elements of social capital, some potential social capital can be identified in the fishing communities in the study sites. To improve the institutional capability and strengthening at the level of poor fishing communities, the potential of existing social capital needs to be built and created in such a way. In this context, the interrelationship between elements of social capital must be understood as a unity, where mutual trust, and egalitarian understanding. Index Terms collective action, social capital potential, clustertechnique, enhanced capability, egalitarian understand-


This article discusses the Model Uncertainty of Supply Chain, and proposes a matrix with their transportation modes best suited to their chains. From the detailed analysis of the matrix of uncertainty, it is suggested transportation modes best suited to the management of these chains, so that transport is the most appropriate optimization of the gains previously proposed by the original model, particularly when supply chains are distant from suppliers of raw materials and / or supplies.Here we analyze in detail Agile Supply Chains, which is a result of Uncertainty Supply Chain Model, with special attention to Manaus Industrial Center. This research was done at Manaus Industrial Pole, which is a model of industrial agglomerations, based in Manaus, State of Amazonas (Brazil), which contemplates different supply chains and strategies sharing same infrastructure of transport, handling and storage and clearance process and uses inbound for suppliers of raw material.  The state of art contemplates supply chain management, uncertainty supply chain model, agile supply chains, Manaus Industrial Center (MIC) and Brazilian legislation, as a business case, and presents concepts and features, of each one. The main goal is to present and discuss how transport is able to support Uncertainty Supply Chain Model, in order to complete management model. The results obtained confirms the hypothesis of integrated logistics processes are able to guarantee attractivity for industrial agglomerations, and open discussions when the suppliers are far from the manufacturer center, in a logistics management.


Linear B sign 145 is generally accepted as the ideogram for WOOL, LANA. It has an antecedent in Linear A,1 and it is found most frequently in connection with sheep or with textiles.2 It is measured by weight or in units; a unit equals about three kg.3 However, doubt has arisen as to whether sign 145 can have this meaning on certain tablets from Pylos and Knossos which list ingredients of unguents or


2012 Advanced Analysis Technologies, LLC. 7897 Highway 19 Dane, WI 53529 Ph: 608-798-2005 Fax: 608-798-1675 firstname.lastname@example.com www.advancedanalysistech.com Advanced Analysis Technologies (AAT) specializes in the design, manufacturing, repair and performance upgrades of energy dispersive X-ray detectors (EDX). AAT provides a free evaluation and a multitude of detector service options, including general repairs, light element window upgrade, performance upgrade and detector reconfi guration. For more information, visit www. advancedanalysistech.com


A model of thermal instability and the formation of self-organized structures under the action of continuous infrared radiation of a CO2-laser on amorphous condensates of Ge-As-Te (S, Se) systems applied to quartz or mica substrates is proposed, and its analysis is based on experimental studies. It is shown that the uniform distribution of the temperature field along the beam section at the power density of the radiation P  Pc (Pc  1.8-8.5 W/cm2) becomes unstable and a radial-ring structure with a spatially inhomogeneous profile of the temperature field is formed. It is established that the bifurcation of thermal instability and the formation of a non-uniform temperature profile are carried out at the expense of self-regulating mechanisms, which lead to saturation of the absorption nonlinearity and equalization of the growth rate of the absorbed energy by heat transfer into the amorphous layer. Dependence of the threshold density of the infrared radiation power of the formation of ordered radial-ring structures on the irradiation duration is investigated. A bifurcation diagram in a plane {radiation power (P), temperature (T)} that describes the singular behavior of optical density depending on the duration of exposure to radiation is constructed. It is shown that a radial-ring structure with the number of rays m ≥ 3 is formed for amorphous condensates of Ge-As-Te (S, Se) systems at irradiation power densities P ≥ 18.6 W/cm2, which is consistent with the experimental data. The peculiarities of the behavior of self-organized structures in thin-film layers are analyzed, namely the sensitivity of the system to the technological conditions of obtaining, the parameters of electromagnetic radiation and the possibility of realization of the butterfly effect. The ways of formation and implementation of fractality by nanosized levels of structuring and lifetime for the self-organized structures in the presented non-crystalline materials of Ge-As-Te (S, Se) systems are considered.


About 50 years ago Haberlandt (11) wrote that the time would come when soy beans would play a very important r81e in the diet of the poor, and that soy beans would be of much greater importance as admixture for potatoes than salt, because of their high fat and protein content. During the Great War the demand for cheaply produzezl and easily obtainable nutrients, particularly for suitable proteins and fat, directed attention anew to the possibilities of the soy bean. Daniels and Nichols (9) found that an economic consideration of the yellow soy bean led to the conclusion that it is one of the most valuable of the leguminous seeds. It contains a high percentage of a physiologically good protein, a considerable amount of energy-yielding material in the form of fat and carbohydrate, and a fairly liberal supply of the fat-soluble food accessory, as well as of the water-soluble growth determinant. Abderhalden (1) found that rats, fed on soy beans, lived from 104 to 315 days. Two of them even increased in weight. Bercxeller (3) also fed rats on raw whole soy bean, soy bean flour, and his patent soy bean flour "0." The rats were able to make a choice of any of these three foods. The results showed a duration of life of 7 to 55 days. The shortest life period corresponded to a high consumption of common soy bean flour, while a higher consumption of raw whole soy bean and of patent soy bean flour 0 was associated with'an increase in the duration of life. The milling process evidently produces a significant change in the grain. Newburgh (24) found that four out of five rabbits after living on soy beans for 2 months showed no changes in the kidneys. But in a period from 44 to 12 months they regularly acquired chronic renal lesions. These animals had a nitrogen metabolism about twice normal. The blood urea nitrogen showed a rise to 100 mg. per 100 cc. in 7 weeks, while the average value in the normal control period was 31 mg. Nuzum, Osborne, and Sansum (25) placed a group of rabbits on a 38 per cent soy bean protein diet for a year, in order to study its relation to the production of hypertension. In addition to the soy beans, cod liver oil, tomato, and alfalfa were given. The soy bean group showed an elevation of blood pressure and changes in the blood and urine, while the


Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) may be considered medically necessary as first-line testing in the initial postnatal evaluation of individuals with any one of the following:  Apparently nonsyndromic developmental delay/intellectual disabilityOR  Autism spectrum disorder OR  Two or more congenital anomalies not specific to a well-delineated genetic syndrome Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is considered investigational when the member has not met at least one of the criteria listed above. Panel testing using next-generation sequencing is considered investigational in all cases of suspected genetic abnormality in children with developmental delay/intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, or congenital anomalies. Definitions Malformation: Defects of organs or body parts due to an intrinsically abnormal developmental process. In this process, a structure is not formed, is partially formed, or is formed in an abnormal fashion. Major malformation: A structural defect that has a significant effect on function or social acceptability. These often require surgical repair. Example: ventricular septal defect or a neural tube defect such as meningomyelocele or cleft lip. Minor malformation: A structural abnormality that has minimal effect on function or societal acceptance. They rarely are medically significant or require surgical intervention. Examples: preauricular ear pit or partial syndactyly (fusion) of the second and third toes. Syndrome: A recognizable pattern of multiple malformations. Syndrome diagnoses are often relatively straightforward and common enough to be clinically recognized without specialized testing. Examples include Down syndrome and achondroplasia. However, in the very young, or in the case of syndromes with variable presentation, confident identification may be difficult without additional testing. A 2013 guidelines update from American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) states that a stepwise or tiered approach to the clinical genetic diagnostic evaluation of autism spectrum disorder is recommended, with the recommendation being for first tier to include fragile X syndrome and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). In some cases of CMA, the laboratory performing the test confirms all reported copy number variants with an alternative technology such as fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis. Coding CPT 81228 Cytogenetic constitutional (genome-wide) microarray analysis; interrogation of genomic regions for copy number variants (e.g., Bacterial Artificial Chromosome [BAC] or oligo-based comparative genomic hybridization [CGH] microarray analysis) 81229 Cytogenetic constitutional (genome-wide) microarray analysis; interrogation of genomic regions for copy number and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants for chromosomal abnormalities HCPCS S3870 Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarray testing for developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder and/or mental retardation Description [TOP] Chromosomal microarray analysis …


Nevertheless, in many applications manual calibration is still justifiable and frequently applied. The hydrologist performing the manual calibration, with his expert knowledge, is able to judge the hydrographs simultaneously concerning details but also in a holistic view. This integrated eye-ball verification procedure available to man can be difficult to formulate in objective criteria, even when using a multi-criteria approach.


Death is an ultimate truth. It can only be postponed, not denied. Since the sum total of the probabilities of death by various causes is one, they end up competing with one another. If I do not die from tuberculosis I may die from cancer. This raises the question of whether medical science should focus on some specific causes of death at the expense of the others.

If deaths cannot be prevented altogether are there any causes more desirable than others? In a survey in Japan old people expressed a preference for heart disease as the cause of death rather than dementia, cancer, or stroke. Most would agree that sudden death is far more welcome than a slow, incapacitating, and painful death. It would be nice to see a day when everybody would die suddenly in old age …


Aphidius ervi was identified by P. Star (Biology
Centre, Institute of Entomology, Academy of
Sciences of the Czech Republic). The identity of
Macrosiphum euphorbiae was confirmed by I.M.
Millar (Biosystematics Division, ARC-Plant Protection
Research Institute, South Africa). M. Nel
(Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria)
identified Malva parviflora.


The Hopf formula for Hamilton-Jacobi reachability (HJR) analysis has been proposed to solve high-dimensional differential games, producing the set of initial states and corresponding controller required to reach (or avoid) a target despite bounded disturbances. As a space-parallelizable method, the Hopf formula avoids the curse of dimensionality that afflicts standard dynamic-programming HJR, but is restricted to linear time-varying systems. To compute reachable sets for high-dimensional nonlinear systems, we pair the Hopf solution with Koopman theory for global linearization. By first lifting a nonlinear system to a linear space and then solving the Hopf formula, approximate reachable sets can be efficiently computed that are much more accurate than local linearizations. Furthermore, we construct a Koopman-Hopf disturbance-rejecting controller, and test its ability to drive a 10-dimensional nonlinear glycolysis model. We find that it significantly out-competes expectation-minimizing and game-theoretic model predictive controllers with the same Koopman linearization in the presence of bounded stochastic disturbance. In summary, we demonstrate a dimension-robust method to approximately solve HJR, allowing novel application to analyze and control high-dimensional, nonlinear systems with disturbance. An open-source toolbox in Julia is introduced for both Hopf and Koopman-Hopf reachability and control.


In order to understand the English learning situation of Chinese college students in the context of Internet +, college students as our survey subjects are used to collect data by stratified classification and cluster random sampling. So we collected the needs of college students in the online education market for online English education and teaching. We strive to have a more in-depth understanding of the problems that contemporary college students have in English learning, as well as their opinions and suggestions on English learning apps. Only in this way can we develop a software development path and distribution strategy that is more suitable for the public to learn English and provide guidance and data support.


Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) provide organizational and technological solutions that enable the rationalization of transport entities and improve the quality of life. ITS implementation results in telematic applications that can cover one or more particular traffic branches. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the most widely deployed digital wireless communication standard in the world. GSM and its derivative GSM-R (GSM-Railways) have shown that they are a proven technology of the future. Digital mobile network GSM-R represents a precondition for implementation of particular telematic applications which make railway traffic safer and more convenient. This solution assures a highly efficient platform by using existing standardized applications Union Internationale des Chemins de fer (UIC) and the creation of new ones by the operator. Mobile Radio for Railway Networks in Europe (MORANE) research project has managed to convince more than 25 European railway authorities to consider this technology in the future.


Most of the 14C measurements reported here were made between October 1981 and October 1982. Equipment, measurement, and treatment of samples are as reported previously (R, 1968, v 10, p 36–37; 1976, v 18, p 290; 1980, v 22, p 1045).


Motivated by the facts that automatic model selection for support vector machine(SVM) is an important issue to make it practically useful,and the commonly-used leave-one-out(LOO) method is complex and time consuming,we proposed an effective strategy for automatic model selection for SVM with Gauss kernel by using a heuristic real-coded genetic algorithm(GA).Based on the extensive analysis of the effects of the hyper-parameters on the generalization performance and two estimates of SVM,the appropriate fitness function for GA operation is determined.Simulations are performed on both artificial data and real data to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.The significance of the proposed method is its easy implementation and better performances in comparison with the commonly used loo method.


The multifunctional Envirocone test system (METS), developed by ISMES for rapid, comprehensive in situ characterization of contaminated sites, enables sampling of pore water and soil gas up to depths of about 50m. The heart of METS is the 4.4cm-diameter Envirocone, the key element in the hydraulic connection between the subsurface strata of interest and the physico-chemical analytical instruments and/or sample receptacles in the penetrometer cabin at ground surface. A continuous flow of ground water sample is tagged in real-time with five indicator parameters: temperature, pH, redox potential, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity. Similarly, soil gas can be readily monitored for dissolved oxygen, total volatile organics, combustible gas, H2S, CO2, etc. Another METS module permits sampling of soil solids. Environmental data are complemented by the simultaneous acquisition of tip resistance, pore pressure and pore fluid temperature during Envirocone penetration and the option of conducting constant head permeability tests. Thus, geotechnical site characterization, ultimately required should the site be earmarked for construction, but also necessary for the rational design and implementation of clean-up and/or containment efforts, is facilitated. Such penetrometric systems also avoid various difficulties associated with conventional contaminated site characterization such as the generation of potentially polluted effluent from borehole drilling, purging and sampling of wells, etc. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 883023.


The author researched the following ten languages during his stay in Cameroun from September, 1990 up to February, 1991: Kaka, Makaa, Eton, Ewondo, Bulu, Bafia, Yambasa, Bassa, Douala, Dschang. Generally speaking, their linguistic features can be stated as below: 1) Some of these languages have implosive stops and some have doublearticulated stops such as kp and gb. 2) Some of them have seven vowels (i, e, e, a, o, o, u) and others have a central vowel (a) besides them. Some have nasalized vowels. 3) Many of them have closed syllables as well as open syllables. 4) Some of them have a phenomenon such that a high-toned syllable becomes middle-toned when it stands immediately after a high-toned syllable. 5) Some languages have very few noun classes. 6) For modification, some languages use a construction made of an adjectival noun followed by 'of'+a concrete noun. 7) The infinitive prefixes in many languages are not those originating in *ku. 8) Some languages use personal pronouns in some cases instead of original subject prefixes. 9) The object prefixes are not used in many of them. 10) Some languages use verb stems seemingly extended by *ag (+ *a) as well as those with the ending *a. 11) The verbs are tonally divided into two groups in all of them. Their mutual linguistic differences seem to be very large and almost all of them seem to have changed very much from Proto-Bantu although they are spoken near the so-called Bantu homeland.


The applicability and significance of tangent hyperbolic fluid in several engineering fields are encouraging, and the examination of the Soret effect phenomena on non-Newtonian fluids with thermal transport mechanisms is becoming more widely accepted. The effect of velocity slip on electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) of tangent hyperbolic flow through a Riga plate with a heat source, suction/injection, and reactive energy, on the other hand, is unknown. The current research configuration model investigates the impact of Soret, suction/injection, activation energy, and heat source on the EMHD flow of hyperbolic tangent nanofluid via a stretched sheet. The governing equations of PDEs are transmuted into nonlinear ODEs with adequate similarity variables. The numerical output of the resulting Ordinary differential equations is performed using the MATLAB bvp4c built-in. The implication of rising attributes on temperature, velocity, concentration shapes, drag force coefficient, Sherwood number, and Nusselt number is graphically and numerically depicted. As a result, the derived findings are validated by comparing them to previous output. Remarkably, the increase in temperature of the hyperbolic tangential nanofluid flow is caused by a rise in slip velocity and Weissenberg numbers, which has a reverse effect on Suction. The EMHD parameter, on the other hand, enhances the velocity distribution, which impacts the slip velocity parameter.


Polyvinylidene Fluoride(PVDF) microfiltration membrane modified by acrylic acid graft polymerization was used to treat secondary effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant.Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS) and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy(ESEM),the surface morphology and section morphology of the modified PVDF membrane were investigated.The performance was evaluated by determining the removals of Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD),Suspended Substance(SS),turbidity,and metal ions.At the same time,influence of pH and contact time on removal effect was discussed.The results show that the modified PVDF membrane is efficient in treating soluble metal ions with a better effluent quality than the PVDF membrane.


Modern radar system requires high spectral purity and low phase noise characteristics for very low RCS target detection and high resolution SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image. This paper presents a new X-band high stable frequency synthesizer for high performance radar system, which combines DAS (Direct Analog Synthesizer) and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer) techniques, in order to cope with very low phase noise and high frequency agility requirements. This synthesizer offers more than 10% operating bandwidth in X-band frequency and fast agile time lower than 1 usec. Also, the phase noise at 10kHz offset is lower than –136dBc/Hz, which shows an improvement of more than 10dB compared to the current state of art frequency synthesizer. This architecture can be applied to L-band and C-band application as well. This frequency synthesizer is able to used in modern AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) radar system and high resolution SAR application.


Prepared with funds from the National Marine Fisheries
Service under Contract #03-78-DOl-72, and additional
support from the Pew Memorial Trust and by the Department
of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant
#04-8-MOl-l49, and the Institution's Marine Policy and
Ocean Management Program.


The utility model discloses a theftproof well head release system, it includes: the theftproof well head be connected with oil pipe and be used for opening the operation tool of theftproof well head, the theftproof well head includes: the casing to and the part sets up at least connecting piece, elastic component, top cap in the casing, it presses the mouth to be provided with on the casing to put, the connecting piece is hollow barrel, and it includes relative first end and second end, first end is inside to be used for being linked together with oil pipe, the connecting piece outside with the casing is fixed mutually, elastic component sleeve establishes on the connecting piece, the top cap supports and leans on the elastic component with between the casing, be provided with on its lateral wall to put and press the hole, during the release, operation tool one end is fixed on the top cap, other end block is in put and press mouthful the gained put press the hole with put and press the mouth to be linked together. Theftproof well head release system can high -efficient release and the security of operation can improve the release time.


2D multiplexed antibody-based imaging provides a framework to study cell-cell interactions in thin tissue sections but lacks the ability to interrogate spatial relationships in larger 3D anatomical structures. Several methods for 3D imaging of optically cleared tissue exist, but current approaches do not provide the marker depth afforded by high content 2D imaging. To overcome this constraint, we combined a fast hydrophilic tissue clearing technique, clearing-enhanced 3D (Ce3D), with the recently developed Iterative Bleaching Extends Multiplexity (IBEX) technique, and created 3D-IBEX. 3D-IBEX offers a high-resolution multiplex 3D imaging method. It has been used to analyze murine lung, lymph nodes, retina, and cornea as well as human retina and jejunum, yielding seamless views of large-scale tissue structures while obtaining single-cell resolution of multiple markers, permitting the identification of discrete cell subsets and structures. To date, up to 15 markers have been visualized in a single sample using 3 iterative staining and imaging cycles. This represents a major advance in the emerging field of multiplexed high-resolution 3D imaging but requires further refinements to address issues such as slow antibody penetration, the need for new computational algorithms to process large datasets, and implementation of methods for optimal registration of iterative images. When fully realized, 3D-IBEX will open new avenues for characterization of rare cell subsets missed in thin tissue sections, visualization of structures like nerves and vessels whose trajectories in a tissue are disrupted by sectioning, and delineation of mesoscale tissue domains that contribute to homeostasis and are often the substrates for pathology.
 Intramural NIAID Research Opportunities (INRO) program.


Objective To introduce the key points of nursing to the elderly patients with multiple organs dysfunction syndrome through continuous veno-venous hemofiltration.Methods After the treatment to 31 elderly patients with multiple organs dysfunction syndrome through continuous veno-venous hemofiltration,make a summary to the nursing and its methods.Results Through 267 cases of successful CVVH treatment,all 31 patients achieved the anticipated purification therapeutical purpose,among which 17 cases lived through danger period and survived,8 cases were converted to conventional hemodialysis(three-times a week),6 cases died in dangerous period.Conclusion Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration is one of the effective measures to treat MODS.It's meaningful for the successful treatment to the elderly patients with MODS through comprehensive nursing such as illness monitoring and vascular access.


The lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia  (CLL)  have been studied  in  the mixed lymphocyte reaction  (MLR)  using both  the  two-way  (both populations  viable)  and one-way (only  one viable  population)  systems. The  ABO antigens  were  matched  but  the  pairs  were  selected for at least two antigenic differences of the HL-A system. The lymphocytes  of  the  patients  were  as capable as normal cells of invoking a response in allogeneic normal lymphocytes.  Conversely, barely any response was produced when the lymphocytes of the patients were exposed to non-viable normal allogeneic cells. The failure of the leukaemic lymphocytes to respond adequately  in the MLR is correlated with a very poor response to phytohaemagglutinin  and  may  be contrasted  with  the  definite positive  responses obtained  with specific  antigens.


This distinction between the legislature and magistracy may reflect four structural features of the Framers' era. First, the locus of state sovereignty was in state legislatures. They embodied whatever sovereignty a state possessed, whereas state executives and judges were not sovereign at all. Second, state legislatures exercised legislative will. They chose whether to enact laws, whereas state executives and courts were viewed as officers of general jurisdiction who enforced all applicable laws of the land. Third, state legislatures were multimember institutions, making sanctions for noncompliance extremely difficult. State executive and judicial officers, because they acted as individuals, could be sanctioned individually in a manner not possible for state legislatures. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, commandeering state legislatures had failed spectacularly under the Articles of Confederation. Commandeering of state executive and judicial officers, on the other hand, was not viewed as similarly futile.

Part I of this Article discusses commandeering of state legislatures, executives, and courts under the Articles of Confederation, since a rudimentary understanding of the system in place prior to the adoption of our Constitution will prove useful. Part II examines the Founding Generation's views on federal attempts to compel states to legislate. Part III considers the Founding Generation's beliefs on conscripting state executives to enforce federal law. Part IV addresses whether the federal government may force state courts to administer federal law. Ultimately, I conclude that where Congress has legislative authority, it may commandeer state executives and state courts, but not state legislatures, to help implement its constitutional powers. In this sense, states can be the federal government's field offices.


The experimental data are given in the article for the developing of ultra-high-temperature ceramics on base of zirconium diboride with various sintering activators. The ceramics was obtained by means of spark plasma sintering method. Ill. 19. Ref. 15. Tab. 3.


Introduction: Acne vulgaris is chronic inflammatory disorder of pilo-sebacious unit. Acne can cause psychiatric morbidities like depression, anxiety disorders mainly social anxiety and generalised anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, somatisation disorder, delusional disorder, body dysmorphic disorder and suicidal ideations. Predominant adolescent prevalence of acne, distribution of lesions mostly on face, strong emphasis on external appearance have psychological impact like decreased self esteem. With this background, this study was conducted to assess psychiatric morbidity and self esteem in acne patients and to find out impact of clinical variables of acne on psychiatric morbidity. Materials and Methods: 100 patients of acne studied. Acne severity graded by dermatologist using Global Acne Grading System. Subjective grading of acne severity done by patients on visual analogue scale. Psychiatric morbidity and self esteem were assessed using DSM IV TR criteria and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale respectively. Data thus collected subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Psychiatric morbidity was observed in 81% and low self esteem in 66% of the acne patients. Anxiety disorders (51%) were observed more than major depressive disorder (30%). Female patients, young age, subjectively perceived severe acne, facial acne were associated with higher psychiatric morbidity. Conclusions: Acne vulgaris negatively affects patients' self esteem and cause significant higher psychiatric morbidity. Hence, treatment needs to address both the primary skin condition of acne and psychiatric manifestations.


The history of the present is assessed in terms of forecasts that proved to be spectacularly incorrect. Debate about power in the past was largely state-centred but the realisation that the opposite of the state is not a free market but a political anarchy seems to have been forgotten. The society of the spectacle, to use Guy Debord's concept, reigns supreme today, but in ways unimagined by European situationists. The spectacle ignites a new politics of identity, constituted in terms that depart radically from the older terms of class analysis. While some analysts have spoken of the rise of the risk society it is necessary today to add the state of insecurity to contemporary characterisations, whether represented in reality or rhetoric. Global identities constituted by religiosity sit uneasily within nation states as containers of identity and the attempts of states to reaffirm national identity in the face of its rejection by significant subsections of the population is most likely to achieve a rhetorical racheting up of tensions. Consequently, the state of insecurity leads to increasing surveillance and control as a societal project for which every failure is the guarantee of further resources, tighter surveillance and an increasing simulacrum of control.


This paper explores key industry perceptions, through interviews with 27 senior maritime managers in Australia, Canada and the US, on the employability skills required for onshore maritime professionals. Those perceptions are then compared to the skills identified from the collected nine Course Leaming Outcomes (CLOs) of nine maritime business degrees. The findings show that CLOs and maritime industry requirements tend to converge in areas such as knowledge, self-management and computer/IT skills. Less alignment was evident in CLOs relating to communication and problem solving. By giving more attention to these two CLOS in terms of specific emphasis and depth of study, students will gain more comprehensive skill sets for these critical areas. This paper also recommends that including adaptability, flexibility and an inquiring mind in CLOs may enable students to better respond to the dynamism and complexity inherent in the maritime industry.


In chomp on graphs, two players alternatingly pick an edge or a vertex from a graph. The player that cannot move any more loses. The questions one wants to answer for a given graph are: Which player has a winning strategy? Can a explicit strategy be devised? We answer these questions (and determine the Nim-value) for the class of generalized Kneser graphs and for several families of Johnson graphs. We also generalize some of these results to the clique complexes of these graphs. Furthermore, we determine which player has a winning strategy for the class of graphs with at most one odd cycle and for some classes of threshold graphs.
The strongest previous results in this area are about multipartite complete graphs and bipartite graphs and are, thus, extended here.


The major purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a new home intervention program to reduce excessive internet usage among youths. For this purpose, cognitive-behavioral therapy was selected as a theoretical basis and single system design was employed to test its empirical validity. The client was a high school girl who had a potential risk toward internet addiction. After 24 days of intervention based on changing criterion design, the client significantly reduced time to spend internet less than one hour in a day. The effectiveness of intervention program was proved by the visual analysis and several tests of statistical significance. Increasing alternative activities other than internet access and monetary rewards by token economics especially contributed to decrease internet usage. This finding suggests a positive sign of theoretical significance. Reduced dependency on internet and improved socialized lifestyles in school and home indicates practical significance for this program. The overall results lend support to apply this program at home setting for youths who show excessive internet usage.


Hot dry rock (HDR) is an important geothermal resource and clean energy source that may play an increasingly important role in future energy management. High‐temperature HDR resources were recently detected in deep regions of the Gonghe Basin on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, which led to a significant breakthrough in HDR resource exploration in China. This research analyzes the deep temperature distribution, radiogenic heat production, heat flow, and crustal thermal structure in the Qiaboqia Valley, Guide Plain, and Zhacanggou area of the Gonghe Basin based on geothermal exploration borehole logging data, rock thermophysical properties, and regional geophysical exploration data. The results are applied to discuss the heat accumulation mechanism of the HDR resources in the Gonghe Basin. The findings suggest that a low‐velocity layer in the thickened crust of the Tibetan Plateau provides the most important source of constant intracrustal heat for the formation of HDR resources in the Gonghe Basin, whereas crustal thickening redistributes the concentrated layer of radioactive elements, which compensates for the relatively low heat production of the basal granite and serves as an important supplement to the heat of the HDR resources. The negative effect is that the downward curvature of the lithospheric upper mantle caused by crustal thickening leads to a small mantle heat flow component. As a result, the heat flows in the Qiaboqia Valley and Guide Plain of the Gonghe Basin are 106.2 and 77.6 mW/m2, respectively, in which the crust‐mantle heat flow ratio of the former is 3.12:1, indicating a notably anomalous intracrustal thermal structure. In contrast, the crust‐mantle heat flow ratio in the Guide Plain is 1.84:1, which reflects a typical hot crust‐cold mantle thermal structure. The Guide Plain and Zhacanggou area show the same increasing temperature trend with depth, which reflects that their geothermal backgrounds and deep high‐temperature environments are similar. These results provide important insight on the heat source mechanism of HDR resource formation in the Tibetan Plateau and useful guidance for future HDR resource exploration projects and target sites selection in similar areas.


Abstract : A high-resolution, multi-level, primitive equation ocean model is used to examine the response to transient and climatological wind forcing of an idealized, flat-bottomed oceanic regime on a beta-plane, along an eastern boundary. An annually periodic wind forcing function with zonal variability is used as transient forcing in several experiments using both winter and summer initializations. When the curl component of the forcing is stronger than the stress, as in the wintertime, a surface poleward flow develops in the nearshore region with an equatorward flow offshore. When wind stress dominates the forcing, as in the summertime, a coastal jet develops with an undercurrent. In other experiments, spatially varying one degree and two tenths degree steady wind stress data are used as climatological forcing. The one degree climatological wind stress data has positive curl at the coast which causes a poleward surface flow to develop. When two tenths degree wind stress data is used in the nearshore area, both positive and negative curl in the coastal region result in the formation of poleward and equatorward currents, respectively. As a result of convergence in the surface flow, eddies and a well defined cold filament develop. These results show that the interaction of diverse coastal currents driven by an equally diverse wind field can play an important role in the production of cold filaments and eddies. Theses.


The invention discloses a method for uploading a video of a cloud video living broadcast platform. The method comprises the steps of firstly receiving video data acquired by a camera through a local proxy and carrying out video quality adjustment, uploading and local data caching tasks based on a comprehensive video value which is stored locally; and secondly, receiving video data uploaded by a local proxy server through a cloud server, live-broadcasting the video data online for a user to watch in response to a user request, and meanwhile, updating the comprehensive video value and feeding back the updated comprehensive video data to the local proxy server for sequencing of the video data in the next time. Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a corresponding system. According to the method and the system for uploading the video of the cloud video living broadcast platform, the transmission efficiency of high-value video data is fully increased, the use of a current bandwidth is enabled to be more reasonable and more efficient, meanwhile, video live broadcast requirements of different users are satisfied, and user experience is improved.


Many real world problems require a degree of exibility that is di cult to achieve using hand programmed algorithms. One such domain is vision-based autonomous driving. In this task, the dual challenges of a constantly changing environment coupled with a real time processing constrain make the exibility and e ciency of a machine learning system essential. This chapter describes just such a learning system, called ALVINN (Autonomous Land Vehicle In a Neural Network). It presents the neural network architecture and training techniques that allow ALVINN to drive in a variety of circumstances including single-lane paved and unpaved roads, multilane lined and unlined roads, and obstacle-ridden onand o -road environments, at speeds of up to 55 miles per hour.


A 27-yr-old male scuba diving student suffered two episodes of pulmonary barotrauma 6 mo. apart after 12-ft training scuba dives. In the interval between these episodes, four uneventful hyperbaric chamber dives occurred. No definite cause or risk factors were identified. A MEDLINE review of diving literature revealed few studies of recurrent pulmonary barotrauma and no studies addressed risks of recurrent pulmonary barotrauma in the hyperbaric oxygen therapy environment following scuba pulmonary barotrauma.


This paper is dedicated to studying the dynamic behavior of users of different classes in the traditional Chinese garden space environment and the relationship between the dynamic behavior and the space form, the user behavior characteristics and garden space usage characteristics under the changes of the times, and finds out the rules of user behavior changes under the social background. Its aim is to explore the ideal of harmonious life between man and nature, man and living space, man and society, and man and man.The social roles of garden users differ in the norms and connotations of their use behaviors. Social changes have an impact on the behavior of garden users. The behavior of users in gardens also shows the social roles of gardens in different times. Analyzing the life behavior, the change of the living space form and the characteristics of the constituent elements from a historical perspective, we can better see the correlation of mutual influence. The spatial distribution of gardens, the combination of element types, scales, forms and the relationship between individuals and groups all show the characteristics of social roles of social strata. This is also the key value of in-depth study of traditional garden space behavior. User behavior research is an important basic research in space design.The purpose of the garden space classification method in this paper is to focus on exploring the relationship between user behavior dynamics and space. According to the status of users, gardens are classified into royal gardens, private gardens and public gardens. The classification of garden users studied in this paper is:Royal users correspond to `royal gardens`; the royal family, aristocrats, officials, scholars and rich users correspond to `private gardens`; ordinary citizen users correspond to `public gardens`.`Royal` refers specifically to users living in the royal palace. `Royal` refers to the emperor's family, which is related to the emperor but lives in a space outside the palace.Behavioral and spatial use analysis: 1) Take Summer Palace, Lingering Garden, Junpu and Biepu as spatial use case for analysis. 2) Analysis of garden usage characteristics in different times based on the records of poems, ancient books and local chronicles. 3) The daily life and behavior analysis of garden space of users from all walks of life are shown in ancient paintings of different times. The main conclusion of this study is that identity and class determine the boundaries of users' behavior, and behavior forms the functional characteristics of spatial use. The user's behavior constitutes the garden space characteristics of different humanistic emotion symbols. All classes are based on the natural living state and social communication behavior. The user's garden activities correspond to the garden space characteristics. The behavior promotes the formation of space forms. The interaction between behavior and space constructs diversified space forms. Meanwhile, the use function can also produce space differences and new design forms.


Introduction: Feeding problems are often reported in infants after cardiac surgery. To date, no studies have followed the development of feeding after cardiac surgery using valid and reliable measu...


The key to simplifying IMRT is keeping the intensity patterns as simple as possible. Of course, any simplification of the intensity distributions might degrade the quality of the final treatment plan. A major problem is that it is hard for the dosimetrist to determine if a current iteration of a treatment plan is as good as possible. Not knowing if changing the dose constraints one more time will give a better result, it is difficult to justify simplifying the intensity pattern as part of the inverse planning process. However, the drawbacks associated with busy intensity patterns are well known. There are basically two problems that are related, but affect the overall process in different ways. First, complex intensity patterns can increase the number of segments needed to model the distribution. This can increase multileaf collimator wear and extend treatment times. Second, complex intensity patterns can drive up monitor units with a likely increase in the leakage radiation reaching the patient's total body. There are some delivery systems that can relatively easily handle busy intensity patterns. Examples are tomotherapy and dynamic multileaf delivery. It is not clear that these approaches avoid the basic problems that are the justification for trying to simplify the intensity patterns. This presentation argues that it is important to optimize the doseoptimization process such that the quality of the dose distribution is within acceptable limits while keeping the intensity pattern as simple as possible. There are methods for evaluating the quality of treatment plans developed during the inverse planning process. In addition to relying on previous experience in planning similar cases at your institution, it is possible to review readily available RTOG protocols to determine how a group of experts define acceptable dose volume histograms for treating a particular disease site with IMRT. There is a nasopharynx protocol and another for treating oropharynx lesions. Other RTOG protocols have been written or amended to include IMRT as an option. These additional protocols have more expanded statements of the required DVH constraints needed to accommodate the use of IMRT. The information that exists in RTOG protocols helps the dosimetrist set the dose volume constraints that must be met during the inverse IMRT planning process, and then concentrate on simplifying the intensity pattern as much as possible while staying within these stated limits. There are a number of methods available for simplifying the intensity patterns obtained from the inverse planning process: 1) It is possible to use an inverse planning algorithm that inherently produces simple intensity patterns. 2) Some interpreter software used to model the intensity pattern reduces the number of segments and monitor units. 3) Deriving the field segments during the optimization process (Direct Apertrure Optimization) can decrease segments and monitor units. 4) Up‐front geometric aperture design reduces the number of segments that the inverse planning algorithm can use in finding an acceptable solution to the treatment planning problem. This presentation will discuss the techniques available for simplifying the overall IMRT process.


Foods promoted with nutrition or health claims might be perceived by consumers as having a nutritional, physiological or other health advantage over similar or other products without claims. The application of nutrient profiles aims at avoiding a situation where nutrition or health claims could mislead consumers as to the overall nutritional quality of a food product when trying to make healthy choices in the context of a balanced diet. Did the non-setting of nutrient profiles at EU level prevent the realisation of the objectives of the Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006?


Fuelled by the proliferation of smartphones, wireless traffic has experienced huge growth, which will continue with the emergence of ultra-broadband 5G applications, and exacerbate the capacity strain in cellular networks. Deployment of pico access points, reducing cell sizes and allowing more efficient reuse of limited radio spectrum, provides a powerful approach to cope with traffic hot spots and bring capacity relief. This network densification makes cell planning more challenging though, and tends to result in more irregular cells with possibly overlapping coverage areas and greater variability in traffic loads. This raises a critical need for more intelligent cell selection algorithms, which not only take signal strength values into account, but also load conditions in order to harness the full potential of the pico-cells. In the present paper we analyse online cell selection algorithms that use a parsimonious set of load-driven control parameters to determine an optimal user association in a measurement-based manner, without requiring explicit knowledge of the system parameters. We exploit stochastic approximation techniques to establish the convergence of the control parameters to the optimal values. Extensive simulation experiments for scenarios with many pico access points confirm that the algorithms are quite effective in optimally balancing the traffic loads in hot spot areas, and further demonstrate that they substantially outperform conventional approaches in terms of service denials and low throughput percentiles. We consider several implementation options and evaluate the relative benefits and potential tradeoffs.


In this paper, we present the capabilities of fuzzy logic to cope with complex problems and to summarize or synthetize large amounts of data. We first describe the major theoretical tools we mainly use, namely similarity measures and fuzzy inductive learning, and then their applications on several examples that illustrate various aspects of a fuzzy set based knowledge representation


Background:  Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, is used for the management of patients with refractory chylothorax although its safety and efficacy in neonates have not been evaluated in controlled clinical trials. We present one of the largest case series about the use of octreotide in congenital idiopathic chylothorax.


From the 70s, the teaching and learning strategies for writing development as a communicative tool and transformation of knowledge have become an issue in K12 education. Actually, many students show expression difficulties, and they are not always able to overcome them. Therefore, despite the time elapsed, we still need to analyse educational practice and the impact on learning of writing. Our research about classroom practices analyses educational strategies regarding the teaching and learning of writing skills and its impact over the acquisition of compositional strategies and over their effectiveness in 6th grade students. It is a comprehensive-interpretative research through reflection about improving teaching skills and effectiveness in students writing techniques.