more specific recognition of microbes through the (further) evolution of innate immune receptors. Today, macrophages are equipped with Toll-like [9] , lectin [10] , Nod-like [11] and RIG-I-like receptors, the activation of which can transduce the induction of larger quantities of host defence molecules [12] . Moreover, in instances of sterile inflammation, the release of danger signals or damage-associated molecular patterns from disrupted cells and tissues can also promote massive host reactions [5, 13] . This further broadens the perspective on the innate sensing of danger [14] . Nitric oxide is another important arm of innate immunity. It can act at a distance and synergize with the oxidase system to produce potent cytotoxic agents. With the development of a more advanced anatomy in vertebrates, new potential ports of entry were created that allowed microbial pathogens to cause infection. Thus, evolution had to react by entering the far last stage (SIR4) of the sequential immune responses. This step is characterized by the appearance of patrolling T and B cells and the development of an adaptive immune system. To this end, macrophages had to learn how to present antigens on their outer cell membrane and activate T cells and become an important link that bridges the innate and adaptive immune response. Today, there are many examples showing that the two parts of the immune system are, to a great extent, regulated by macrophages [6] . With their concept, the authors present a sequential chain of processes, explaining advanced immune reIn this issue of the Journal of Innate Immunity , Mills et al. [1] offer a journey back to ancient immunity. By describing 4 different sequential immune responses (SIR), we read a fascinating story about amoebas as free-living macrophages and the distinct circulatory system in early vertebrates such as fish, and how all of this has developed into T and B cells. The first sequential immune response (SIR1) is referred to as basic cellular defences that have already been used by amoebas. According to the authors, NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes play an important role here because of their ability to produce antimicrobial agents such as hydrogen peroxide. More advanced organisms also utilize NADPH oxidases for their immune response, including in the killing of microbial pathogens and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps [2, 3] . SIR2 is mediated by the first 'immune' cells, including macrophages (and macrophage-like cells), neutrophils and innate lymphoid cells. SIR2 is slower than SIR1, because of the involvement of phagocytosis. Neutrophils evolved more than 500 million years ago and are dedicated to intracellular killing rather than repair processes [4, 5] . Macrophages, instead, show a functional diversification, developing the M1 (killing) and M2 (healing) subtypes [6] . Another class of early killer cells is the innate lymphoid cells including natural killer cells that kill microbes without phagocytosis [7, 8] . About 450 million years ago and with the appearance of marine animals, macrophages started to develop (SIR3) Published online: June 30, 2015 Journal of Innate Immunity


: A singular-free trajectory planning method based on the kinematics is proposed to meet the various requirements of the assembly task. On the basis of kinematic analysis of parallel mechanism, a sufficient and necessary condition is proved for realizing the singular-free trajectory planning of parallel mechanism under certain pose conditions. Then a five-order B-spline curve is employed to parameterize the trajectory of the end-effector of the parallel mechanism. Three kinematic indexes related to the assembly task, that is, the total adjustment time, the jerk of each link and the difficulty of aligning the pose of the end-effector, are selected and defined as three objective functions to evaluate the performance of the trajectory. In a simulation case, the artificial immune algorithm is used to optimize the multi-objective optimization model of the parameterized trajectory and thirty-six B-spline parameters of the trajectory are obtained. Finally, the optimal trajectory of the parallel mechanism and each link satisfying the requirement of assembly task are obtained by means of average optimal evaluation method.


Ionizing radiation has become an indispensable tool when it comes to diagnosis and therapy. However, its use should happen in a rational manner, taking into account the risks to which the staff is being exposed. Barium meal (BM), or upper gastrointestinal (GI) studies, using fluoroscopy, are widely used for gastroesophageal reflux disease diagnostic in children and professionals are required to stay inside the examination room to position and immobilize pediatric patients during the procedure. Therefore, it is very important that professionals strictly follow the technical standards of radiation protection. According to the ICRP and the NCRP recommendations, the annual limit equivalent doses for eyes, thyroid and hands are, respectively, 20 mSv, 150 mSv and 500 mSv. Based on those data, the aim of the current study is to estimate the annual equivalent dose for eyes, thyroid and hands of professionals who perform BM procedures in children. This was done using properly package LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescent dosimeters in 37 procedures; 2 pairs were positioned near each staff ́s eye, 2 pairs on each professional ́s neck (on and under the lead protector) and 2 pairs on both staff ́s hands. The range of the estimative annual equivalent doses, for eyes, thyroid and hands, are, respectively: 14 – 36 mSv, 7 – 22 mSv and 14 – 58 mSv. Only the closest staff to the patient exceeded the annual equivalent doses in the eyes (around 80% higher than the limit set by ICRP). However, the results from this study, for hands and thyroid, compared to similar studies, show higher values. Therefore, the optimization implementation is necessary, so that the radiation levels can be reduced.


Hydroponic fodder production technology involves an intensive method of quality fodder production in less space and in a shorter duration. An experiment was conducted to compare the different cereal grains under hydroponic fodder production for the fodder yield, fodder quality, and per unit production cost in a locally constructed polyhouse. Maize (Zea mays L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated as the treatments. The experiment was carried out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 12 replications at National Pasture and Fodder Research Program in July 2017 and July 2018. The observations were taken on plant morphological characters, fodder yield (including root mat), fodder nutrient composition and expenses in variable costs. The results of the study showed that the fodder yield varied significantly (P<0.05) for different cereal grains. The hydroponic fodder yields from each kg grain were recorded higher in fodder oat (7.96 kg) compared to wheat (6.76 kg) and maize (5.32 kg). Similarly, the crude protein (CP) content of the fodder was higher in wheat (16.16%) compared to oat (13.96%) and maize (12.51%). The cost of hydroponic maize, oat and wheat fodder production were obtained as recorded NPR 20.64, 24.67 and 18.76 per kg, respectively.


Purpose
This study aims to examine the relationship between family firm characteristics and audit fees. It also examines the extent to which the family name is considered a red flag during the risk assessment of these firm characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach
Using an external panel data set that includes 1,252 firm-year observations of 204 private German firms with a time series from 2010–2016, regression analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses.

Findings
This study's results indicate that family involvement in management and the supervisory board are negatively related to audit fees, suggesting less demand and supply of audit effort due to lower Type I agency conflicts. Family ownership is found to be positively associated with audit fees due to higher Type II agency conflicts. Moreover, the negative effect of family involvement in management on audit fees becomes weaker if the firm name contains the family name, indicating that it is considered a red flag by auditors during their risk assessment.

Originality/value
Prior studies that examined audit fees in family firms mainly compared family firms to non-family firms. However, auditors are not likely to look at firms in a dichotomous way during their risk assessment, especially as there are numerous definitions of family firms. Instead, they will assess the underlying characteristics regarding management, ownership and governance, although a firm name containing the family name may influence this assessment. This study contributes to the literature by accounting for the heterogeneity of family firms and examining how auditors will assess this heterogeneity.


During the past years, dramatic progress have been achieved in our knowledge of the pathophysiology of dystonia on the basis of imaging and electrophysiological data collected in human patients. Converging arguments now support the role of combined corticostriatal and cerebellar dysfunctions in the genesis of this movement disorder (1). Several excellent reviews have been recently proposed on this topic (2-8). Moreover, animals models of dystonia can help us to investigate the pathogenesis since they provide the opportunity to dissect more precisely the abnormal neuronal networks leading to primary dystonia and its genetic background (9-12).


Summary Probenecid and bromcresol green (BGr), reported to be PG transport inhibitors, were tested for their effectiveness in modifying the vasopressor responses of arachidonic acid (AA), an endoperoxide analogue, PGF2α, and norepinephrine in the isolated perfused canine lung lobe. Only the pulmonary pressor action of AA was blocked by pretreatment with indomethacin. Probenecid attenuated AA responses and blocked those of PGF2α, in a dose-related manner. BGr had no antagonistic activity against AA and inhibited PGF2α action by 50%. Probenecid and BGr appear to inhibit PGF2α, differently. Neither blocked the pressor action of the endoperoxide analogue, and neither attenuated the norepinephrine pressor action at PG inhibiting concentrations. The use of organic acid transport inhibitors represents a potentially useful approach in studying the mechanisms of action of AA and its metabolic products.


In recent years, more and more social scientists have begun to view the world as inherently probabilistic (Suppes 1984; Gigerenzer 1987). Without detailing the philosophical underpinnings of such a view, this subtle movement away from deterministic positivism has been fed, in large part, by a recognition of the indeterminacy of strategic interaction among individuals and the inevitability of uncertainty in social relations (Boudon 1986). Chaos theory provides an alternative viewpoint from which to view indeterminacy because the complexity we see in the real world may, in theory, be a reflection of chaotic dynamics resulting from simple deterministic structures (Huckfeldt 1990). Particularly when processes are generated by social or strategic interaction among actors, nonlinear models provide useful representations and chaotic outcomes become conceivable. In short, the existence of a complex social reality is in itself inadequate evidence of indeterminacy.


Submicron particles of Pu and Am were aerosolized, deposited onto foliage of bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and their subsequent retention and behavior determined. Particles having mass median diameters of <1 ..mu..m are not readily dislodged from leaf surfaces at wind speeds of approx. 400 m min/sup -1/. Under conditions of simulated rainfall, weathering half-times range from 164 to 1000 days, and are dependent on both particle size and initial solubility. The residence time of contaminants on foliar surfaces prior to leaching influences subsequent foliar retention and leachate characteristics. Foliar retention of particles ranges from 20 to 92% and is dependent on particle size of Pu- and Am-oxides, chemical form of Pu, and environmental conditions such as humidity, simulated rainfall, and acidity of the simulated rain.


Radar measurements have often been used to estimate gravity wave momentum flux profiles in the troposphere, lower stratosphere, and mesosphere. The reliability of the measurements in the troposphere and lower stratosphere is investigated, with a comparison of three techniques employing various radar beam directions and zenith angles, including the standard "symmetric-beam" method. The study uses the 46.5 MHz MST radar system at Aberystwyth, Wales (52.4°N, 4.1°W). For short-period waves, errors in momentum flux profiles arising, for example, from differing data quality in the two radial beams sometimes prove difficult to eliminate in the symmetric-beam method. For long-period waves, including inertia-gravity waves, problems arise from the vertical wind measurement which is implicit in any estimate of momentum flux. Furthermore, a difference is sometimes found between the echo powers of the two symmetric radial beams, and this fluctuates with the horizontal wind perturbations from long-period waves. The possible influence in this power difference of tilted anisotropic scattering layers, which might also bias radial velocity measurements, is discussed. A momentum flux method which measures the vertical wind with a vertical beam, and the horizontal wind with a pair of radial beams, avoids some of the problems at both short and long periods. Agreement of this method with the symmetric-beam results would allow improved confidence in momentum flux profiles.


Three judgement standards of riverway digging effect forecasting, ratio of reducing deposit, speed of restoring and steady gradient,are put forward directed to the importance of riverway digging effect forecasting They are explained according to a mathematical model result combined with Shandong reach of Yellow River.Validity and application potential of riverway digging effect are analyzed by the three judgement standards


OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to know the clinical profile and predictors of mortality of outborn neonates
admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).
METHOD:This prospective study was conducted in NICU of department of pediatrics,JLN medical college & hospital,
Ajmer from January 2019 to December 2019.
RESULTS:Of the 2250 neonates admitted,There was male preponderance (64%),male:female ratio was 1.78:1.Majority
of neonates (68.4%) were term while 31.2% were preterm and 0.4% were post term gestation. Majority of neonates
(79.8%) were admitted in early neonatal period while 20.1% neonates were admitted in late neonatal period. As per
birth weight,44.1% neonates were between 1.5-2.49 kg,42.6% neonates had birth weight more than 2.5 kg while 3.4%
neonates were <1 kg.Majority of neonates (88.7%) were delivered vaginally while 11.3% were delivered by caesarean
section.Majority of neonates (85.1%) were delivered at govt.hospitals while 11% and 3.9% neonates were delivered at
private hospitals and at home respectively. Rural residency (73.7%) was far more as compared to urban residency
(26.3%).42.8% mothers had primary education and 47.7% mothers had secondary education while 3.8% mothers were
illiterate. Majority of cases (66.1%) belonged to middle socioeconomic class. Major causes of NICU admission were
birth asphyxia / HIE of newborn (21.11%),neonatal sepsis (16.36%),neonatal jaundice (12%),RDS of newborn (8.6%),
and prematurity (7.7%). Out of 2250 neonates admitted, 70.1% babies were successfully discharged while 29.9%
neonates died during treatment.Birth Asphyxia / HIE of Newborn (22.25%),RDS of Newborn (20.47%),Neonatal Sepsis
(16.02%), Shock (10.98%), Congenital Malformations (6.82%), and ELBW (6.38%) were found to be major causes of
mortality among neonates admitted in NICU.
CONCLUSION: The majority of morbidities and subsequently the mortalities can be reduced by improving maternal
care and essential newborn care,appropriate primary interventions and timely referral to tertiary care centers for high
risk cases,with better transport facilities for sick neonates.


This chapter discusses applications of induction heating, including: soldering and brazing; tube welding; heating of resin kettles and other vessels; paint drying; induction heating in plastic working; annealing and stress relieving; longitudinal flux induction heating; transverse-flux heating; semiconductor processing; and travelling-wave heaters.


Tectonic activity in the southeast of the Zagros of Iran varies in intensity. Investigators have evaluated the tectonics using the geological and geophysical features of the region for several decades. We have analyzed many of the data geostatistically to map the two-dimensional spatial distributions of seismicity, topography and structure. We distinguished two contrasting tectonic domains: the less tectonic activities in the north-northeast than southsouthwest. The transition between the two domains is gradual and not clearly defined. It seems that the buried and blind thrust faults lie between them. We conclude that the tectonic features mapped by geostatistical modelling in the region characterize the twodimensional tectonic pattern. However this study has not solved all the tectonic ambiguities of the region. But it shows in map form that the region between the Qatar-Kazerun and the Minab faults consists of spatially heterogeneous tectonic features, which in turn account for the varied tectonic behavior.


We consider the problem of scheduling both a production distributed on several sites and the transportation of items between those sites. By doing so, the objective is to synchronize the two components and to build a better overall solution. The production system on each site is modeled as a Capacitated Lot-Sizing Problem where stock both on resources and produced items is available. The inter-site items transportation is a simplified version of the Vehicle Routing Problem where time is discretized. We first propose a mixed integer linear programming formulation. Then we present two heuristics. The first one is based on production order propagation over the sites. Then, at each iteration, it computes a compatible transportation schedule and it tries to improve the solution by modifying the production on the sites. The second heuristic is an adaptation of the Relax and Fix strategy. Computational results are presented to evaluate the efficiency of the two heuristics.


Data channel scheduling algorithm is a key algorithm in optical burst switching networks(OBS).On-demand burst rescheduling algorithm(ODBR) reschedules only one burst and the performance of burst dropping probability has not improved enough,so that a new algorithm called batch-rescheduling algorithm is proposed.Simulation results show that the packet drop probability of the algorithm is lower than that of LAUC,LAUC-VF and ODBR algorithm.


The problem of designing a stabilizing feedback controller for an underactuated system is a challenging one since a nonlinear system is not stabilizable by a smooth static state feedback law. A necessary condition for the asymptotical stabilization of an underactuated vehicle to a single equilibrium is that its gravitational field has nonzero elements corresponding to unactuated dynamics. However, global asymptotical stability (GAS) cannot be guaranteed. In this paper, a robust proportional-integralderivative (PID) controller on actuated dynamics is proposed and unactuated dynamics are shown to be global exponentially bounded by the Sordalen lemma. This gives a necessary and sufficient condition to guarantee the global asymptotic stability (GAS) of the URV system. The proposed method is first adopted on a remotely-operated vehicle RRC ROV II designed by the Robotic Research Centre in the Nanyang Technological University (NTU). Through the simulation using the ROV Design and Analysis toolbox (RDA) written at the NTU in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, the RRC ROV II is robust against parameter perturbations.


This literature review examines the audiological, occupational hygiene and industrial safety literature on the subjective and auditory effects of audible sound in the very high frequency range (10-20 kHz) and also in the inaudible ultrasonic range (greater than 20 kHz, generally thought to be the upper frequency limit of young normal hearing). Exposure limits have been proposed, with the intent of avoiding any subjective effects and any auditory effects, in any exposed individuals. The evolution of these internationally recognised Damage Risk Criteria and Maximum Permitted Levels has been examined critically. Conclusions and recommendations are offered in respect of hearing damage and adverse subjective effects caused by sounds outside the customary frequency range for occupational noise exposure assessments. This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect HSE policy.


PURPOSE: A remote meter system and a communication method thereof are provided to improve security level of a meter further. CONSTITUTION: A remote meter system includes a meter (100), a remote metering server (300) and a device language message specification (DLMS) communication modem unit (200). The meter includes an obis code storing part and an obis code comparison part. The obis code storing part includes peculiar lock obis code and peculiar unlock obis code. The obis code comparison part compares the value of the obis code provided from the remote metering server through the DLMS communication modem unit with the value of the peculiar lock/unlock obis code stored in the obis code storing part. The remote metering server provides the obis code value to lock or unlock the meter. The DLMS communication modem unit transmits metered data inputted from the meter to the remote metering server by applying a DLMS communication protocol if the meter is unlocked. [Reference numerals] (100,AA,BB) Meter; (200) Device language message specification (DLMS) communication modem unit; (300) Remote metering server; (CC) Communication network


: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum on the growth performance of healthy rats and the intestinal structure, intestinal disaccharidase activities and intestinal inflammation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute stress rats. Thirty six male SD rats were randomly allocated to control group, LPS group, LPS+ Clostridium butyricum group. Control group and LPS group were fed a basal diet, LPS+CB group were fed with the basal diet with the addition of 0.05% Clostridium butyricum


For certain books or parts of books of the Old Testament the Old Latin is the witness to a Greek model which differs from the one given in the major critical editions of the Septuagint. This is the case in particular for the book of Esther. The sources for our knowledge of the Old Latin to Esther are presented and analysed (manuscripts, patristic quotations, and editions in antiquity); the place of the Old Latin within the Greek tradition of Esther is then situated logically and chronologically. The Greek model of the Old Latin (La-GrIII) represents the first Greek translation of the book, and the other two forms, the L text (GrII) and the LXX text (GrI), are later. This first translation is to be dated at the latest between 120 and 100 bc.


The initial stability of Kirchhoff plates has been analysed in the paper. Using the proposed approach, there is no need to introduce Kirchhoff forces at the plate corner and equivalent shear forces at a plate boundary. Two unknown variables are considered at the boundary element node. The boundary integral equations are derived using Bettie theorem. The collocation points are located slightly outside a plate boundary, hence the quasi-diagonal integrals of fundamental functions are non-singular. [3], [5], [6], [7], [8]. The constant type of boundary element has been used.


In this work, the advanced non-volatile memory design based on silicon nano-crystals instead of conventional continuous floating gate was explored The multilayer Al/TiN/Al2O3/Si-nano-crystals/Al2O3/SiO2/Si(100) structure was realized. The functional layer stack (TiN/Al2O3/Si-nano-crystals/Al2O3) was deposited in a cluster system without vacuum break, using atomic-layer-deposition (ALD) (Al2O3 and TiN films) and low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposition (LPCVD) (Si nano-crystals) methods. The details of the process flow are discussed. The physical characterization and the electrical measurements of the multilayer structure are presented.


18 Introduction Noise remains a common contaminant in many workplaces. A number of workers with a personal or occupational hearing loss must, on a daily basis, face the consequences of diminished hearing sensitivity, which can compromise one's safety and that of others because of the attendant difficulties it creates in perceiving auditory signals, in understanding speech in noise and in identifying the location of sound sources (localization). Hearing aids can potentially be used in the workplace to maintain auditory awareness of the surroundings and allow hearing-impaired individuals to work in a safe, effective, and autonomous manner. This option however raises concerns as to the effectiveness of hearing aids in optimizing those hearing abilities required to perform various job duties and in amplifying sounds to levels deemed safe, while at the same time reducing industrial noise to limit further worsening of the hearing loss.


Cyanobacteria are the prokaryotic group of phytoplankton responsible for a significant fraction of global CO2 fixation. Like plants, cyanobacteria use the enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxidase (Rubisco) to fix CO2 into organic carbon molecules via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Unlike plants, cyanobacteria evolved a carbon-concentrating organelle called the carboxysome— a proteinaceous compartment that encapsulates and concentrates Rubisco along with its CO2 substrate. In the rod-shaped cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, we recently identified the McdAB system responsible for uniformly distributing carboxysomes along the cell length. It remains unknown what role carboxysome positioning plays with respect to cellular physiology. Here, we show that a failure to distribute carboxysomes leads to slower cell growth, cell elongation, asymmetric cell division, and elevated levels of cellular Rubisco. Unexpectedly, we also report that even wild-type S. elongatus undergoes cell elongation and asymmetric cell division when grown at the cool, but environmentally relevant, growth temperature of 20°C or when switched from a highto ambient-CO2 environment. The findings suggest that carboxysome positioning by the McdAB system functions to maintain the carbon fixation efficiency of Rubisco by preventing carboxysome aggregation, which is particularly important under growth conditions where rod-shaped cyanobacteria adopt a filamen-


Simple estimators for the parameters of the extreme-value distribution using linear combinations of the partial means of two or three blocks of the ordered observations are compared. We deal with censored and non-censored samples and demonstrate that the three block estimators improve the efficiencies of the two block estimators mainly for lightly censored samples and attain very high ARE's.


Background stiffness, and fu Methods: Fi independent re intervention included studie Results: Six Improvement o Conclusion: improvements conclusion on t


The invention discloses a new technology for producing 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-hexanediol using the method of extraction and reduced-pressure distillation. The method adopts acetylene and acetone, which are condensed with potassium hydroxide in benzene solvent and then neutralized with hydrochloric acid to get a feed solution containing hexyne-diol, oil phase and benzene. After condensation and extraction operation for twice, catalyzed hydrogenation reaction is carried out, and afterwards, the reaction product is distilled twice under reduced pressure to get the target product. The method reduces procedures such as crystallization, centrifugalization, activated carbon adsorption, etc. in prior art and develops a completely new production process, which has the advantages of high product quality, low production cost and improved working environment.


In order to estimate risk of diabetes by analyzing dietary patterns, we examined prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among Korean adults who are similar in food frequency to diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. The mean of food frequency of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose was calculated for analyzing the prevalence using the food frequency data from 2007, 2008 and 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES). Also the most frequent food was estimated for each group by using the mean difference of food frequency. As the results shows that the similar food frequency groups have significant prevalence rate, we expect that this study will contribute to the relations between dietary intakes and prevalence of diabetes.


Purpose To ascertain whether cytokines in the aqueous humor can predict macular edema (ME) in non-diabetic patients following uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Methods Undiluted aqueous humor samples were obtained from 288 consecutive non-diabetic patients (288 eyes; 132 men and 156 women) who underwent cataract surgery. Macular edema was defined as an increase in the foveal center point thickness (FCPT) more than 30% from the preoperative baseline using optical coherence tomography 4 weeks after cataract surgery. The concentrations of 27 cytokines were measured in aqueous humor samples using the multiplex bead immunoassay. Results No major intraoperative complications occurred. The incidence of ME was 8.13% (23 patients) 4 weeks after cataract surgery. Compared to the ME (-) patients, the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β; p=0.016), IL-6 (p=0.013), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1; p=0.030), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; p=0.033) in the ME (+) patients were significantly higher. In addition, the aqueous humor levels of IL-1β (r=0.376), IL-6 (r=0.418), MCP-1 (r=0.348), and VEGF (r=0.375) positively correlated with the postoperative FCPT. However, the aqueous humor levels of IL-10 (p=0.017) were significantly lower in patients with ME and were negatively correlated with the postoperative FCPT (r=–0.424). Conclusions IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, VEGF, and IL-10 may be potential predictors of postoperative macular thickness in non-diabetic patients following uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery.


Abstract : Chloride ion conductivity in anhydrous, plasticized, quaternary ammonium polymer solid electrolytes is studied. Curved plots of 1n(sigma T) vs. 1/T indicate that transport of ions in these materials may be described by WLF-type equations. AC complex impedance measurements for the ranges 5 Hz-500 kHz and 26-98 C with ion-blocking Pt electrodes and ion-reversible calomel electrodes show that the chloride ion is mobile. Conductivities measured range from 7 x .001 to 3 x 10 to the minus 4th power/ohms/cm depending on the plasticizer level and temperature.


Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) with specific antibody as affinity ligand immobilized on a magnetic carrier has several advantages in comparison with standard column separation procedures. Epitope mapping enabling identification and characterization of protein structures reactive with the antibody represents one possible application of IMS. We used epitope extraction technique based on the proteolytic digestion of the target protein followed by capturing of a specific peptide fragments by the antibody immobilized on the solid phase. Magnetic particles coated with antibody molecules were first incubated with the prepared mixture of peptides. After specific binding of peptide fragments comprising the epitope sequences, the beads were washed to remove non-epitope peptides. Captured epitope-peptides were then eluted in small volume of 0.05% TFA. Elution fractions were finally analyzed without any modification by mass spectrometry. In this work the results and experience gained in epitope mapping of three clinically important proteins (ovalbumin, carbonic anhydrase I and tau protein) are discussed.


This paper proposes a joint routing and scheduling scheme for achieving low latency in a fronthaul bridged network. We confirmed with computer simulations the proposed scheme improves the accommodation efficiency of bridged networks.


Well-known storyteller and author, Dana Snyman, once wrote about the drought in South Africa, stating how the sun drank the town's last water, leaving it with a muddy dam which started to crack and curl as though the earth was casting its own skin.


Thank you for downloading instant case studies how to design adapt and use case studies in training. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this instant case studies how to design adapt and use case studies in training, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their laptop.


Acknowledgments Abbreviations I. The Matter of Heidegger's Thinking 1 Heidegger's Autobiographies 2 Figuring the Matter Out II. The Student Years 3 Curricula Vitae 4 Ontologic 5 Heterology 6 Mysticism, Ontotheology, Antimodernism III. The End of Philosophy 7 Demythologizing Metaphysics 8 Primal Christianity 9 Husserl 10 Aristotle IV. New Beginnings 11 The Questionableness of Being 12 It Worlds for Me 13 Ereignis 14 The Mystery of All Life 15 Indications of Ethics 16 Reinscribing Heidegger Notes Index


Aims: ACL revision surgery is a second-generation type of knee ligament surgery. The artificial ligaments, the imperfect mastering of arthoscopic assisted surgery and the absence of clinical and radiological analysis of peripheral laxities are among the main factors for failures. Methods: 43 patients of a mean age of 29y were previously operated between 1 and 5 times.14 artificial ligaments, 23 patellar tendons and 4 hamstrings tendons failed as a first ACL reconstruction. The mean time between the first operation and the index revision was 44 months. In 6 cases an additional HTO was used. Different tendon grafts were used: quadriceps 11, patellar 19 and hamstrings 8. In 3 occasions an additional extra articular reefing was used. The patients were reviewed by one independent observer using KT 1000, Stress X rays, IKDC form (2000). The mean follow up is 35 months (11–123)Results:The IKDC score in pre operative time was 19 D, 21 C and 1B. At the review the score is 2A, 28 B, 9C, 2D. The functional IKDC form show 37.5% of remaining pain, 44% of stiffness sensation and 12.5% of instability. The mean functional improvement is 44%. The mean laxity improvement is 5.3mm for KT1000 and 4.5mm for stress X rays. Conclusions: Revision ACL surgery is not as good as primary surgery. The reconstruction is technically difficult and must be 'a la carte' in order to take in account several simultaneous problems: bone defect, cartilage abnormalities, skin and ligament insufficiencies.


Background and Objective: Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a condition in which peripheral red blood cell (RBC) destruction is induced by the presence of an autoantibody. Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) represents an isolated process of decreased erythropoiesis. The combination of both is quite rare, with a very poor prognosis. We describe a patient with isolated splenic lymphoma whose presentation was a combination of AIHA and PRCA. The patient was resistant to all treatment. Materials and Methods: Erythroid colony assays were performed, in order to compare the effect of the patient's serum on colonies with that of a normal control. Results: The patient's serum significantly suppressed normal erythroid colony growth. A red cell eluate revealed the presence of a warm autoantibody. Conclusions: The patient's serum contained warm autoantibody responsible for peripheral RBC destruction and a humoral factor, perhaps the warm autoantibody, which suppressed bone marrow erythropoiesis. Establishing an early diagnosis, and treatment of the underlying disease might result in a better prognosis.


There are many types of articulating surfaces in uncemented acetabular cups. Most of the designs currently available are modular, with the shell snapping into a locking mechanism of some type. An Elliptical Monoblock design has been available for 15 years and was originally made of titanium with a factory assembled compression molded polyethylene liner. Porous tantalum (trabecular metal) was used as the shell material in a subsequent more recent design and in this design the polyethylene is actually molded directly into the tantalum framework. Monoblock acetabular components do not allow particulate access to the ilium via screw holes and require no surgeon assembled locking mechanism which may increase backside wear and metallic debris. There are no holes in the socket because of the monoblock construct. Because of this absence of screw holes there is an inability to visualise the floor of the acetabulum and perfect coaptation between the shell and the acetabular floor may not occur. The presence of dome gaps of greater than 1.5mm have been noted in 5% of these components but these have not compromised implant stability and in a review of over 600 cups there has been no change in implant position. The Elliptical shape of the cup makes the mouth of the acetabular component 2mm greater than the dome so that an exceptionally strong acetabular rim fit results. Results will be reported from two major institutional series with a minimum 10-year follow-up (range 10–15 years). No pelvic osteolysis was not seen in any patient in either series. In the HSS series of 250 cases with minimum 10 year follow up there were 4 revisions for instability but none for mechanical failure. There were three femoral revisions for loosening but the cup was intact and not revised in these patients. Utilising the Livermore measurement method polyethylene wear averages 0.8mm per year (0.6mm-1.3mm) and there have been no revisions for wear. Radiographic evaluation demonstrates stable bony interface in all patients. In a Mayo series of prospectively randomised patients also at minimum 10 years there was no lysis and only one case of aseptic loosening in a beaded titanium cup. At minimum 10-year follow up two similar elliptical monoblock cementless acetabular component designs with compression molded polyethylene have confirmed the theoretical advantages of this design concept and demonstrate long term results that have been excellent to date.


The abdominal disc of Atelopus tadpole is a complex structure, which includes three welldefined regions with several muscles and ligaments attached to its internal surface. It is hypothesized that the disc has two mechanisms of attachment to the substrate, namely, friction and suction. The size and insertion points of the muscles and ligaments of the disc suggests that the suction mechanism works passively, without the constant action of the muscles.


Since the 1980s the architecture of international ocean governance has rested on the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (los Convention) and a large number of the regional and global sectoral treaties most of which were contemplated in the los Convention. One of the central challenges in the negotiation of a bbnj Convention is the "architectural fit" of a bbnj Convention with the existing treaty- based law of the sea governance framework. The primary focus of this presentation is on several selected legal relationship issues: the relationship of a bbnj Convention with the los Convention, which has several aspects including the activities by a coastal State in the exercise of its jurisdiction over the resources in the continental shelf beyond 200nm; and the relationships issues that may/ will arise from area- based management measures and existing treaty- based governance bodies such as regional fisheries management organizations (rfmo s) and the various imo Conventions. Here the mantra is that a bbnj Convention will not "undermine" existing instruments and frameworks.


Nanogels composed of nanosize particles formed by physically or chemically cross linked polymer networks that swells in a good solvent. The nanogel methods have verified their potential to carry drugs in controlled, continuous and targetable mode. Through the promising field of polymer sciences it has now develop predestinated to make smart nano-system which can found effectual for treatment, diagnosing as well as experimental trials progress. Nanogels is been proving as a promising drug delivery system and offers variety of characteristics like on site drug delivery system, sustained release formulation, high drug entrapment properties, water solubility, biodegradability, low toxicity etc. Due to these multi functionality properties and features nanogel utilized extensively in many drug deliver fields. Composite with polymers, metals and other active molecules nanogel turned out as excellent drug delivery system.


Selective laser melting (SLM) technique is a widely adopted fabrication procedure in metal additive manufacturing. One of the reasons for the extensive usage of SLM is the material freedom which it offers; therefore, Nickel alloy IN718 metal components were fabricated for this study. However, like in any manufacturing process, physical defects are evident in SLM fabricated parts. The origin of these defects can be attributed to the variation in the process parameters. For any physical components fabricated using the SLM technique, various stresses are developed due to the thermal gradients during the fabrication process. The developed stresses are hence termed as residual stresses. These stresses can be detrimental to the mechanical properties of the part. Residual stresses lead to warping of the part during the fabrication process, thereby leading to failure of the component. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of change in process parameters on the residual stresses. Although each process parameter has its effect on the overall properties and residual stresses, to limit the scope of the study, the scan strategy is the only parameter that is varied. Scan strategies adopted here are checkered, stripes scan strategy, FO1, and customized scan strategy, where the angle between the consecutive layers has been changed consistently at an angle of 67° . In this study, the residual stresses are measured using the contour deflection method. Based on the results, various levels of residual stresses were observed for different scan strategies. It was concluded that a more uniform scan strategy results in less residual stress.


Corporate social responsibility focuses on the stakeholder within as well as the outside of the organization and through this mechanism, the government and the private in addition tothe public organization come closer to take the initiative for the upliftment of society. The initiativesthat have been taken under the umbrella of CSR proved to a mechanism that brings positive change in the life of the citizen. These changes can be measured on various factors such as education,health,economy, infrastructure, and many more. The CSR proved a person-centered conceptualization of CSR by concentrating on the making of senses as an underlying and unifying process by which individuals are constructive and conscious agents who search and find meaning by work. The CSR has the multidimensional benefit and also assist to create a goodwill of an organization amongst the stakeholder and the other people. The present has been concluded in support of the CSR initiative for changing the society at large.


Given the unquestionable importance of performance measurement on the one hand and the promise of large-scale economic gains through the application of RFID technology in business processes on the other, a crucial question arises: To what extent do RFID users measure the economic performance of their applications and how is the success of RFID applications affected by performance measurement? This contribution presents the first empirical evaluation of RFID performance measurement behaviour as far as we know, conducted among 146 German companies. Following an extensive review of performance measurement methods in the RFID field, a categorisation with respect to criteria such as financial and comprehensive measurement is presented. Subsequently, the empirical analysis reveals that partial measurement methods, covering isolated aspects of RFID investments, exhibit the highest usage frequency. Furhermore, we find that RFID users tend to apply several methods in various combinations, depending on factors such as firm size and duration of application. Accordingly, four different types of RFID performance measurement users are derived. Finally, a connection is established between performance measurement and business success of RFID applications: Hence, usage frequency of particular measurement methods is significantly connected to the improvement of target variables such as lead time and labour costs.


Elastic- and inelastic-scattering cross sections for low-energy electrons in Hg have been obtained through comparison of experimental and calculated transport data. Electron-electron interactions and superelastic collisions are incorporated into the numerical solution for the electron-energy distribution. The electron-electron interactions are shown to have a pronounced effect upon computed drift velocity and characteristic energies at low $\frac{E}{N}$, while superelastic collisions principally alter the cascade ionization rate. Details of the present method for solving the dc Boltzmann equation, including the above process, are discussed.


The September 2007 annual summit of APEC to be hosted by Australia will witness the ending of the decade long moratorium on membership. A major anomaly of the APEC is that while the three largest economies in the world in terms of PPP GDP are members (US, China and Japan), the fourth largest economy, India, which is in Asia, is not. India more than meets the criteria for membership set by the APEC ministerial meeting last year and presents a strong case to be invited into the APEC forum.


Datong Yungang Cave has been listed in national major protective historical relics. In this paper according to serious weathering state analysis is carried out. Author points out that the seepage is main reason caused the weathering of cave. Meanwhile, the seepage prevention protective scheme is mainly discussed.


PURPOSE: To obtain the subject proteins containing a sequence of a fragment in an extracellular domain of CD28, a sequence of a fragment in a CTLA 4 cellular domain and a sequence of a specific site in immunoglobulin, capable of reacting with the B7 antigen and regulating immune responses. CONSTITUTION: A medicinal composition capable of regulating immune responses such as a regulation, etc., of antigen production and used for the treatments, etc., of rejection reactions in transplanting organs is obtained by adding new CTLA4/CD28 hybrid fused proteins containing (A) a first amino acid sequence of a fragment in an extracellular domain of CD 28 fused with a second amino acid sequence, (B) the second amino acid sequence containing a fragment in an extracellular domain of CTLA4 and (C) a third amino acid sequence containing the hinge site of human immunoglobulin Cγ1 and amino acid residues in the CH2 domain and the CH3 domain, reactive with the B7 antigen and capable of regulating immune responses by blocking mutual action of lymphocytes with the B7 antigen, and an interleukin 4 (IL4)-bonded molecule (e.g. an anti-IL monoclonal antibody, etc.). COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


Significance Defects in RNA quality control pathways manifest as disease because they function to selectively remove aberrant or defective species to ensure cellular homeostasis. The RNA exosome and TRAMP complexes encompass key components of the RNA surveillance machinery. Here we show that exoribonuclease activities of Rrp6-associated RNA exosomes protect stable RNA species from TRAMP-mediated polyadenylation and degradation, and that each catalytic activity of the RNA exosome-TRAMP complex contributes to substrate discrimination and degradation of less stable RNA species. Our results highlight a previously unappreciated role for Rrp6 in protecting stable RNA species from degradation and suggest additional mechanistic analogies between RNA and protein quality control pathways with respect to proofreading mechanisms that protect stable species while targeting unstable species for destruction. Quality control requires discrimination between functional and aberrant species to selectively target aberrant substrates for destruction. Nuclear RNA quality control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae includes the TRAMP complex that marks RNA for decay via polyadenylation followed by helicase-dependent 3′ to 5′ degradation by the RNA exosome. Using reconstitution biochemistry, we show that polyadenylation and helicase activities of TRAMP cooperate with processive and distributive exoribonuclease activities of the nuclear RNA exosome to protect stable RNA from degradation while selectively targeting and degrading less stable RNA. Substrate discrimination is lost when the distributive exoribonuclease activity of Rrp6 is inactivated, leading to degradation of stable and unstable RNA species. These data support a proofreading mechanism in which deadenylation by Rrp6 competes with Mtr4-dependent degradation to protect stable RNA while selectively targeting and degrading unstable RNA.


This work presents a SOI-LDMOS Dual-Input Doherty Power Amplifier (DPA). The proposed DPA is implemented in a 130nm SOI-CMOS technology and packaged using flip-chip on a laminate substrate. Low DPA combiner loss is achieved using high-Q inductors embedded onto the laminate. The proposed Doherty PA exhibits a measured peak output power of 30 dBm at 3.2GHz, under 3.4V voltage supply. The peak Power-Added Efficiency (PAE) is 40%, and PAE at 27dBm output power is 37%. With a 10MHz LTE signal, the linearized DPA achieves a measured ACLR of −42 dBc at 27dBm output power.


A biography of Giuseppe Tomasi, Prince of Lampedusa who died in 1957, the last member of a great Sicilian family which traced its ancestry to the early Byzantine Empire. He wrote "The Leopard", which was published a year after his death.


In the wake of national health care reform, development of the future health care workforce has become more important than ever. Millions of newly insured patients, many from underserved urban communities, are seeking health care services. In order to provide high-quality care to rapidly diversifying patient populations, health care professionals must be educated in environments that value diversity, and they must possess the background, qualities, and skills needed to address complex health needs.As the primary educators of the health care workforce, colleges and universities are seeking strategies that will help them increase the diversity of their student populations and, by extension, that of future professionals. The admissions process is one component of an overall strategy to achieve these aims, as it allows universities to build a class of students with many of the attributes needed for success. One emergent strategy is "holistic review," a flexible, individualized way of assessing an applicant's experiences, attributes, and academic metrics and how the individual might contribute value as a student and future health professional. When applied consistently across an entire applicant pool, holistic review contributes to a "holistic admissions" process, best understood as a collection of practices and policies that can help an institution achieve its mission over time. The mission may include diversity goals or other mission-based priorities such as improving the educational environment and meeting local health workforce needs.Although holistic admissions practices have been adopted by many medical and dental schools, evidence of their use in other professions has been limited. To address the need for evidence, Urban Universities for HEALTH,2 with support from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) and the National Institutes of Health, conducted a large-scale, national study on admissions in the health professions that included not only medical and dental schools but also schools of pharmacy, nursing, and public health. The study examined how universities are admitting students into health professions programs and focused particularly on holistic admissions as a strategy for increasing diversity and cultural competence in the workforce, with the larger aim of improving access to care and achieving health equity. The results of the study indicate that diversity has increased at schools that have adopted more elements of a holistic admissions process, while variables related to student success (e.g., average incoming GPA, graduation rates) remained the same or increased (Urban Universities for HEALTH 2014).In response to this study, the Coalition of Urban Serving Universities (USU) convened a small working group of university leaders to review the evidence and identify a set of common strategies that other leaders could employ as they seek to implement holistic admissions processes at their institutions. The group developed the following list of actions, primarily for college and university leaders and national stakeholders, including higher education associations, accreditors, and funding agencies. In publishing these strategies, it is hoped that higher education leaders will look critically at their own institutions' admissions processes and consider adopting additional practices that may help them enroll more diverse student populations within the context of their unique missions and goals.StrategiesTo prepare a diverse health workforce that meets local needs, health professions schools should consider using a holistic admissions process to admit students.A holistic admissions process incorporates a variety of practices (including holistic review). Schools may choose to implement some practices and not others as they work to improve their admissions processes in accordance with their missions, geographic contexts, and local health care workforce needs.Rationale: The study indicates that schools using a holistic admissions process have experienced increases in the diversity of their incoming classes (Urban Universities for HEALTH 2014). …


.................................................................................................................................. 2 HISTORY OF NBA DRAFT ....................................................................................................... 4 CURRENT NBA DRAFT AGE REQUIREMENT ................................................................... 5 ANALYSIS OF ELIGIBILITY AND DRAFT POLICY OF OTHER PROFESSIONAL SPORTS ................................................................................. 10 RECOMMENDATION .............................................................................................................. 14 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES ...................................................................................... 16 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................... 19 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 20


T he existence of extracellular nucleic acids has been known for several decades. 1 A diagnostic potential of RNA in body fluids was realized after the initial discovery of specific extracel-lular RNAs in plasma of patients with cancer. 2,3 Long noncod-ing RNAs (lncRNAs) are conventionally defined as a transcript longer than 200 nucleotides in length with lack of protein-coding capability. 4 Recognition of the roles of lncRNA in human disease has unveiled new mechanistic understanding and will lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. 5 lncRNAs often form secondary structures and are relatively more stable, which facilitate their detection as free nucleic acids in body fluids such as urine and blood. 6 Because of their well-established association with various cancers, lncRNAs have been investigated previously for their potential role as cancer biomarkers in body fluids. A prostate-specific long intergenic noncoding RNA PCA3 in urine has been identified as the most specific biomarker for the detection of prostate cancer with higher specificity compared with the widely used prostate-specific antigen test. The PCA3 assay has been approved for detection of prostate cancer and is readily available for clinical use. In addition, several other studies have highlighted the potential of lncRNAs as candidate biomarkers for the detection of various cancers. Although numerous studies (albeit with a relatively small number of patients, with few exceptions) have investigated small RNAs such as microRNAs as potential biomarkers for heart failure (HF), 12 the diagnostic use of circulating lncRNAs in heart diseases has never been investigated. We here explored the potential use of circulating lncRNAs in plasma as prognostic biomarkers for HF. The initial lncRNA screening was performed according to the level of left ventricular (LV) remodeling in a prospective echocardiographic study of patients after myocardial infarction (MI). LV remodeling, which remains frequent in modern clinical practice, 13 is indeed a well-known surrogate of HF after MI. 14 The lncRNA associated with LV remodeling was tested for its association with HF and for its prognostic value in two additional independent populations of patients with systolic HF. RNAs are present in body fluids, but their potential as biomarkers was never investigated in cardiovascular disease. Objective: To study the role of long noncoding RNAs as potential biomarkers in heart disease. Brief UltraRapid Communications are designed to be a format for manuscripts that are of outstanding interest to the readership, report definitive observations, but have a relatively narrow scope. Less …


THIS volume consists of Kwakiutl texts with translations for which the material was obtained from a half-blood Indian of Fort Rupert, British Columbia, who speaks Kwakiutl as his native language and has been trained in phonetic writing by Prof. Boas himself. It is a continuation of Vol. 35 of the annual report of the American Bureau of Ethnology. The greater part of the texts deal with the social organisation of the people, and they have this advantage for the student, that they deal with concrete examples, described in minute detail, of such social elements as inheritance and succession, naming, marriage, and the like.Contributions to the Ethnology of the Kwakiutl.By Franz Boas. (Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology, Vol. 3.) Pp. vi + 357. (New York: Columbia University Press; London: Oxford University Press, 1925.) 21s. net.


Abstract : A preliminary investigation of the backup channel of the National Airspace System (NAS) at the Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) in Jacksonville, Florida, was performed to obtain advance information relative to the resolution characteristics and the target-detection-in-clutter capability of the backup channel. Equipment comprising the backup channel were the radar/beacon/common digitizer facility at Valdosta, Georgia, the modems and telephone data lines, and the data filter group/bright display equipment at the ARTCC. Test data were collected concurrently on the backup channel and the broadband radar system to permit a comparison between the two systems. The overall system resolution capability of the backup channel for radar, beacon and radar/beacon was comparable to that of the broadband radar system in that the two test aircraft were resolved 50 percent of the time, on both systems, when the aircraft were separated by approximately 1.5 miles. Target-detection-in-clutter (blip/scan ratio) for the broadband radar system was approximately 10 percent greater than that of the backup channel, but investigation revealed that the Air Traffic Control (ATC) Specialists had difficulty in distinguishing aircraft targets from weather-clutter targets on the backup channel. (Author)


The effect of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides — GGMOs, GGMOs-r (GGMOs with reduced reducing ends), and GGMOs-g (GGMOs with reduced number of d-galactose units) on peroxidase activity was determined in pea epicotyls. GGMOs didn't significantly modify the activity of soluble peroxidases. However, cell wall-associated peroxidases activity increased after GGMOs and GGMOs-r treatment, while in the presence of GGMOs-g this activity was significantly lower. These results are inversely related to the GGMOs, GGMOs-r, and GGMOs-g effect on elongation growth induced by 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in pea epicotyls. It can be concluded that GGMOs evoked inhibition of the elongation growth induced by auxin is probably associated with cell wall modifications catalysed by peroxidase.


Using rotational grazing during the pasture growth season, the intake of Cormo ewes increases with pregnancy term, equation Y=0.002 6X+0.642 2,r =0.812 3. Ewe intake was 0.64 kg/ewe/d before mating and 1.03 kg/d before lambing, 0.84 kg/ewe/d on average.


This study compared patient satisfaction with nursing care given by nurses working traditional eight-hour shifts versus the satisfaction of patients being cared for by nurses working twelve-hour shifts. The conceptual framework was derived from Systems Theory incorporating the interrelated subsystems within the organization that contribute to patient satisfaction as identified by Johnson, Kast, and Rosenzweig (1973). The Patient Satisfaction Instrument designed by Risser(1975) and adapted by Hinshaw and Atwood (1979) for in-patient use was utilized for data collection. One medical-surgical unit in a Veterans Administration Hospital constituted the experimental groUp where patients were surveyed before and after the staffing change. Another medical-surgical unit served as the control group. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. At a probability level of .05 there was no difference in patient satisfaction between nursing care given during the eight and twelve-tiouf shifts. The study, utilizing Systems Theory, indicated that a structural change in one subsystem did not effect patient satisfaction assuming the other subsystems remained stable. 1 give my permission to the College of Nursing, SDSU to publish this abstract in a collection of abstracts from master's projects and theses.


A multifrequency device for measurement of the modulus and phase shift of complex electrical impedance of the biological tissue has been designed. Impedance measurement is based on the tetrapolar current method with the current amplitude of 1 mA. Phase is obtained using of the modified "zero-crossing" method. The device operates in the frequency range from 2 kHz to 200 kHz (in two sub-ranges) with manual and automatic frequency control. The impedance device was used for the measurement of the modulus |Z/sub 0/| and phase shift /spl phi/ of the transthoracic impedance by Kubicek's method in the frequency range of 2 to 200 kHz the mean values of |Z/sub 0/| changes from 30.7 to 20.2 /spl Omega/ and /spl phi/ respectively from 4.9 to 10.4/spl deg/. In the narrower range usually used in impedance cardiography (20-100 kHz) the change of /spl phi/ is 4/spl deg/. This indicates a necessity to establish a standard for the transthoracic impedance measurement in impedance cardiography method and to use only one chosen frequency. The device can be used for bioimpedance spectroscopic measurements, determination of the extracellular fluids, examination of /spl Delta/Z and /spl Delta//spl phi/ due to ventilation or motion of the heart.


in Marseilles at the Exposition Coloniale, in 1921, when some of the members of the Royal Corps de Ballet of Cambodia were imported to give their dances before the splendid replica of the ancient Temple of Angkor-Vat. The impression of the colossal Temple, with its great pyramidal towers, its elaborately carved pillars and pediments, was perfectly sustained; surrounded as it was with the mirror-like waters of a lake, with green plane-trees and vivid tropical flora. The ambitious work of the reconstruction of the famous Temple was conceived and executed by master-artists whose sympathetic minds gave to their labours insight and understanding in a remarkable degree. The finished production was more than an imitation; it was a perfectly authentic picture, faithfully given, of the most wonderful and fascinating ruins in Asia. We could easily imagine that we were standing in the forest of Cambodia before the entrance gates of the vast structure, the date of whose origin has so puzzled antiquarians and students of antiquity. The architecture of the Temple is Hindu-Brahmanic, touched with Buddhistic influence, and richly decorated with a multitude of the images of the old pre-Vedic Pantheon as well as the later innovations of Buddhist iconography. My interest was centered upon the carvings on the Temple walls, for it was from these sculptured figures of the Apsaras, or Celestial Dancers of Indra's Court, that the original of the presentday Cambodian Ballet has sprung into being. The little ballerinas of the Palace, whose lives are dedicated to the preservation and presentation of the old traditional Sacred Dances of their religion, gave the same program of music in Marseilles that they perform in Cambodia. All that was lacking was the historical background in its native tropical setting.


The existence of a very large margin of slack in the labour market was not questioned although it was recognised that the concept of unemployment is not one which allows of precise measurement. The problem was seen as one of overall deficiency in the demand for labour, although some element of mismatching between supply and demand was also recognised. The case for attaching a high priority to reducing unemployment was generally acknowledged. An objective of reducing unemployment to 2 million was suggested, but it was felt that if the aim was to provide jobs for all those genuinely seeking work then that target was not, perhaps not nearly, ambitious enough. Some participants regarded the balance of payments as the constraint limiting the scope for expansion, especially expansion induced by reflationary fiscal or monetary policies. Others questioned whether we knew enough about the prospects for the current balance or the ease with which a deficit could


Decapsulation of Ag wire packages has gained a plethora of interest due to the replacement from Au wire packages to Ag wire packages recently and to the lack of optimization on its process. This paper presents a novel decapsulation recipe for Ag wire packages using mixed salt–acid chemistry that is applicable for industry standard needs that performs decapsulation at high temperature of 240 °C within several seconds. This method serves to decapsulate the Ag wire packages selectively, leaving the Ag wires intact.


Methods of recycling benzoic acid was studied from wastewater of preparing peroxide of tert-butyl benzoate.The optimum conditions for recycling benzoic acid are as follows: PH 3.0,the aging time 10 min and the temperature 10 ℃.After recrystallizing under these conditions,the purity of benzoic acid is above 99%.


A recent report by the National Council for Research on Women (2001) revealed that the number of women entering technology-driven careers has declined. Among the reasons cited is the sometimes chilly climate for women in college classrooms, particularly classrooms with technology-rich environments. In this article, I present strategies that instructors in any discipline can use to make women students feel more welcome in their classrooms. Also included is a group exercise that instructors can use with their students to raise awareness of gender dynamics in the classroom and in everyday life.


Objective: To study the compatibility of musk and olibanum, medicated serum(DP-MO) of different concentration on TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 secreted by monocyto induced by PAgs, in order to understand the mechanism of musk and olibanum of anti-inflammatory in the treatment of prostatitis. Methods: The mice spleen monocytes was cultured after preparation, and 2.5%, 5%,10% and 20%concentration of DP-MO were respectively added for pretreatment, with addition of mouse prostate specific antigen(PAgs) in 1 h. LPS was added into positive control group(LPS) treatment and DMEM complete medium into negative control group. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in supernatant were detected with ELISA method,after 96 h culture. Results: Compared with the blank control group, after PAgs stimulation induced, the increase of mononuclear inflammatory cytokines released; in addition to the rise of IL-10 was significantly lower than the positive control LPS group,TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, significantly increased. After pretreatment of 2.5% DP-MO, inflammation factor showed a tendency to change, but there was no statistically significant difference, compared with PAgs group(P0.05); With the increase of concentration of DP-MO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 lower and higher IL-10 effect was more apparent, with dose dependent change; after 20% DP-MO pretreatment, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced 74.4%, 56.0%, 76.6% and74.4% respectively, and IL-10 rose 236.1%. Conclusion: DP-MO can directly suppress the inflammatory factor, including the strongest inhibitory effect of IL-1β, promote the rise of IL-10, inhibit mononuclear macrophages release of inflammatory mediators, and reduce PAgs induced activation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8.


Systematic variation of the pre-disruption core electron temperature (Te) from 1 to 12 keV using an internal transport barrier scenario reveals a dramatic increase in the production of 'seed' runaway electrons (REs), ultimately accessing near-complete conversion of the pre-disruption current into sub-MeV RE current. Injected Ar pellets are observed to ablate more intensely and promptly as Te rises. At high Te, the observed ablation exceeds predictions from published thermal ablation models. Simultaneously, the thermal quench (TQ) is observed to significantly shorten with increasing Te—a surprising result. While the reason for the shorter TQ is not yet understood, candidate mechanisms include: insufficiently accurate thermal ablation models, enhanced ablation driven by the seed RE population, or significant parallel heat transport along stochastic fields. Kinetic modeling that self-consistently treats the plasma cooling via radiation, the induced electric field, and the formation of the seed RE is performed. Including the combined effect of the inherent dependence of hot-tail RE seeding on Te together with the shortened TQ, modeling recovers the progression towards near-complete conversion of the pre-disruption current to RE current as Te rises. Measurement of the HXR spectrum during the early current quench (CQ) reveals a trend of decreasing energy with pre-disruption Te. At the very highest Te (≈ 12 keV), ≈ 100% conversion of the thermal current to runaway current is found. The energy of this peculiar RE beam is inferred to be sub-MeV as it emits vanishingly few MeV hard x-rays (HXRs). These measurements demonstrate novel TQ dynamics as Te is varied and illustrate the limitations of treating the RE seed formation problem without considering the inter-related dependencies of the pellet ablation, radiative energy loss, and resultant variations of the TQ duration. If the observed shortening of the TQ with increasing Te extends to fusion-grade plasmas, than their propensity to form large quantities of RE seeds at high Te may be far worse than previously thought. Positively, the high Te scenario in DIII-D produces REs so prodigiously that it can serve as a meaningful new platform for demonstrating RE avoidance techniques.


Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet(Nd:YAG)powders were synthesized by co-precipitation with forward-titration and reverse-titration,respectively.The phase composition,morphology,particle size distribution of the powders were determined.The powder obtained by forward-titration was of major-phase YAG and a trace amount of YAM with a grain size about 24.7 nm,while the powder by reverse-titration was of pure-phase YAG with a grain size 26.6 nm.The average particle sizes of these powders were 1.26 ?m and 1.86 ?m respectively.The former was well dispersed with a narrow size distribution.Nd:YAG transparent ceramic was sintered at 1800 ℃ in vacuum.A few pores were observed in the forward-titration sample as compared with a few big holes and more pores at the grain boundaries of the reverse-titration sample.The transmission of the polished samples with thickness of 1mm were 72% and 42% at 1064 nm,65% and 35% at 400 nm respectively.


Entrepreneurial Business Models in the German Software Industry: Companies, Venture Capital, and Stock Market Based Growth Strategies on the 'Neuer Markt'


My mantra for the longest time, vaccination is my advocacy, my passion, my life. Anybody who knows me would attest that I am a Vaccine Warrior. Indeed, my compulsion to save lives stems from the conviction that (1) Prevention is better than cure and (2) Vaccination is most effective in saving lives. As a young doctor in 1974, I first realized the value of vaccine and vaccination's mass dissemination. Awareness must trickle from medical fora down to the very roots of society and serve mankind's greatest need: Health. Thus, I was initiated into evaluating an immunization program being started then for well-baby clinics in government hospitals. It gave me an opportunity to conduct my first research in 1974, a study on how mothers were complying and accepting the monthly immunizations and wellbaby checkups after their delivery at the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). The mothers had an average of 50% monthly drop-out rate. Only 10%were able to complete the full immunization of a dose of BCG, three doses of DPT and polio, and ameasles dose at 9 months of age. Data showed the mothers' lack of awareness on immunization, and they took for granted the free BCG, DPT, polio, and measles vaccines. I realized early on that there is much to do to convince mothers and the public on preventing infectious illnesses and misconceptions had to be corrected and corrected fast. With zeal and vigor, I began teaching mothers to continue the full course of vaccination. I initiated strategies to increase vaccine coverage in as many areas as possible. Years later, my work on vaccine and clinical trials of various oral dehydration solutions (ORS) for acute diarrheal diseases proved highly successful and reinforced my mission of saving lives. My involvement in the WHO Control of Diarrheal Diseases (CDD) with studies on the etiology of acute diarrhea and several clinical trials on various ORS becoming a big part of my scientific endeavors. Measles vaccination then was part of the prevention of deaths from diarrhea. This is the very reason I became a doctor. "I will be a doctor when I grow up" were words dear Mother planted in my 2-y-old brain and which she made me repeat incessantly through the formative years. To be a doctor was actually her life goal, but their poverty dictated otherwise. So I knew early on that nothing else would make Mother happier than me fulfilling her thwarted dream. But for a family of ordinary means and coming from a province a hundred kilometers from the big city, it was like reaching for the stars. Without adequate subsidy, we could not afford a medical school education. But as lady luck would have it, I was able to hurdle the highly competitive examinations and enter the University of the Philippines (UP) system. The State University afforded me the invaluable opportunity for high school, college, and medical school in Manila. In 1972, I graduated from the UP College of Medicine at the age of 22 as one of the youngest in my class of 89 students. Eventually, two-thirds of my classmates would seek greener pastures abroad. I, however, stayed behind to finish a 3-y pediatric residency (1973–1976) at the UP-PGH, the largest training hospital in the Philippines. It was in this field of pediatrics where my future career began to take shape. I owe a lot to my husband of 43 y, Dr Petrarch Bravo, for this career choice as he read my mind and my heart then, stating so accurately that children are and will always be my foremost interest. For my 2-y sub-specialty training in 1976–1978, I went on to infectious diseases. During my residency, I was exposed to managing hundreds of serious cases with very limited materials and resources as with most government hospitals in the Philippines. I cannot forget the time I stayed up almost 12 hours desperately ambubagging (no mechanical ventilator available at that time) a baby with severe pneumonia. Miraculously, he survived. Years later, I even took care of this baby's own kids. He never stopped to thank God for dear life and never fails to acknowledge my humble role in it. In my second year of residency, I got involved in the care of a congenital meningocoele baby abandoned by mother after birth. I borrowed him for the Christmas Holidays and took him home. From that time on, he became a permanent member of my family beloved by all. Mother nurtured him until she died in 2000. Now, he has been under my care; a 46-y old with the mind of a child who needs nursing and feeding assistance. The family considers him a blessing for he bestowed us all immeasurable joy in his growing up years sharing his surprisingly remarkable talent in music and dance. It was also during this time that I started doing research and my passion for vaccination was awakened. I did research during my residency on using BCG vaccine as a possible agent to suppress myeloproliferative disorders as suggested bymy professor in hematology and the use of steroids in aplastic anemia. My research papers won successively in 1975 and 1976 in the Philippine Pediatric Society's annual research competition. In the next years, I had 12 other winning research papers submitted to various medical societies where I was coauthor or first author.


Fumonisin exposure in the rural district of Centane, former Transkei region of South Africa, has largely been determined from surveys of fumonisin levels in home-grown maize kernels collected from household storage cribs, rather than from the traditional cooked dishes. In this current study, five samples of home-grown maize kernels were ground in the conventional manner of the district, i.e. without separation of any kernel components. The contamination levels of total fumonisins (FB1+FB2+FB3) in the resultant meals ranged from 2.130 to 13.27 mg/kg. In each of two separate villages, five volunteer householders each cooked a portion of one of the maize meals into a traditional porridge. The resultant ten porridges were subsequently analysed for fumonisins by HPLC. The mean decrease in total fumonisin levels, based on a dry weight basis and corrected for recovery, was 11.3% (standard deviation 6.9%), confirming that preparation of traditional porridge has only a limited effect on fumonisin exposure in this ...


The issue of designing simultaneously robust and non‐fragile observers for the classical integer‐order systems has been widely investigated in the literature. Yet, there are just some few works that have tackled the same problem for non‐integer‐order systems. Moreover, the conformable derivative is an interesting concept that has been introduced by some researchers in the last decade. This new derivative presents some advantageous mathematical properties, compared with older concepts. In this paper, and motivated by these facts, the authors suggest a first scheme to design observers, which are simultaneously robust and non‐fragile, for Lipschitz nonlinear conformable fractional‐order systems. The H∞ performance theory is used for that purpose. The efficiency of the developed approach is confirmed through simulations for a numerical example.


The widespread use of SOAs and their specific characteristics raise new challenges for V&V practices. This paper presents some of these challenges and introduces Runtime V&V as a possible future solution. Keywords-services; SOA; validation; verification;


This study was an effort to introduce mainstreaming in which regular schools were prepared to educate handicapped children. The study was conducted in 5 villages in Mojosongo, Boyolali. There were 19 primary schools with 4 special education teachers as itinerant teachers. It was found out that training in special education improved knowledge in special education and ability to identify handicapped children. A number of 202 handicapped children were identified (7.9% of the population). A number of 194 children received special education services in their regular classrooms. Of the 194 students, 110 of this promotion did not affect school ranks and repetition rates. Most teachers agreed that the gifted, slow learner, and learning disabled remain in the regular school with special services by special education teachers


In the last two decades, the Internet Protocol (IP) traffic has been increasing rapidly. To overcome this challenge of IP traffic growth, the IP-based Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) hybrid network architecture was proposed. This architecture makes the interaction between both layers IP and wavelength routed optical rigid WDM possible. However, the deployment of this architecture is not only expensive, but also highly power-consuming, while performing the required traffic aggregation functionality. Elastic Optical Networks (EON) technology has emerged, which is highly flexible and utilises spectral resources effectively by allocating a flexible number of spectrum slices to match better with the demanded connection bitrate. Therefore, EON is now considered a potential candidate for future optical transport networks. In this paper, we report on a performance comparison of IP/EON networks performance vs. IP/WDM networks. Our evaluation shows clearly that, although both multilayer network models behave nearly identically if enough hardware resources are available, IP/EON performs much better when fewer electrical optical conversion interfaces are available.


A brief review of methods available for determining dy namic parameters of liquids is given, followed by an intensive treatment of the application of neutron scattering to the problem of investigating autodiffusicn, and with it the local atomic and molecular structure of liquids. The local structure of a liquid can be either quasi-crystalline or quasi-gaseous, in the extremes. Autodiffusion in a quasicrystalline model takes place by quantized change of state with the local structure preserving its form for finite intervals of time, whereas in the quasi-liquid case, the local structure is continuously undergoing change. The scattering of monoenergetie neutrons by water is compared with scattering from molten lead because the asymmetric water molecules are expected to exhibit localized structure while lead molecules are not. The coefficient of autodiffusion, as measured by low-energy monoenergetic neutrons and by beryllium- filtered cold neutrons, is expected to be lower for water when compared to measurements of autodiffusion in water by other means. This is due to the fact that the neutron interaction time is not long compared to the relaxation time of the quasi-crystalline local structure of water. ln the case of liquid lead, on the other hand, the coefficient of autodiffusion as measuredmore » by neutron scattering is expected to agree with the value obtained by- established methods. Several experimental results are reviewed, resuits that are not in complete accord with the above picture; nor are these results mutually consistent. The areas of necessary future investigation are pointed out. (TTT)« less


Right to Information is a basic human right of every human being. The renowned French philosopher Michel Foucault once opined, power is derived from knowledge and information is the basic component of knowledge. Information makes men wise and it is competent enough to cope up with the modern world. So, it is the duty of government to inform citizens about day to day happening whatever within the government. The transformation from governance to good governance is possible, if there is possibility of increasing participation of people in governance and free access of information. By realizing this fact, Indian parliament has passed Right to information act, 2005 to make government, accountable, responsible, efficient and transparent. This paper tries to highlight the basic guidelines of RTI act, the relationship between Right to information act and good governance and the issues relating to RTI act. In concluding part, the paper provides some core recommendations for successful functioning of RTI act. Attempt has also been made to make a distinct comparison on RTI legislation between India and developed nations.


To evaluate new medical value of the cordyceps militaris of Antheraea pernyi,the human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells were treated with different concentrations of the aqueous extract of A.pernyi cordycep militaris(AEoAPC) for 24,48,and 72 h respectively in vitro.The proliferation and apoptosis of the hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells were examined by an inverted phase contrast microscope,a transmission electron microscope,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) colorimetric assay,and flow cytometry(FCM).The results showed that addition of AEoAPC into cell culture plates with mass concentrations of 0.1,0.2,0.5,0.8,1.0,2.0,and 5.0 g/L respectively could inhibit proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells significantly and the inhibition was in a time and dose-dependent manner.Treatment with 1.0 g/L AEoAPC for 24,48,and 72 h had an inhibitory rate to hepatoma SMMC-7721 cell growth of 18.9%,46.4%,and 77.2% respectively.After AEoAPC treatment,a large number of cancer cells showed chromatin margination,chromatin condensation,nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic bodies.SMMC-7721 cell apoptotic rate from treatment with 1.0 g/L AEoAPC for 24,48,and 72 h was 7.65%,11.04%,and 23.02% respectively.The degree of apoptosis had positive correlation with AEoAPC treatment duration,and the cell cycle of SMMC-7721 was apparently arrested at G1 phase by AEoAPC treatment for 72 h.Our results suggested that AEoAPC could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of the hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells,and its antitumor function was related with induction of apoptosis to tumor cells.


Secret sharing is that a dealer distributes a piece of information (called a share) about a secret to each participant such that authorized subsets of participants can reconstruct the secret but unauthorized subsets of participants cannot determine the secret. If any unauthorized subset of participants can not obtain any more information regarding the secret, then the scheme is called perfect. A hypergraph is a general graph in which each edge may be formed by more than two vertices. A prohibited structure is a family of the subset of participants such that any subset belongs to this set can not reconstruct the secret. In this paper, we propose a new perfect secret sharing schemes for prohibited structure based on r-uniform hypergraph where a vertex denotes a participant and an edge is a set of participants who cannot recover the secret. The information rate of our schemes is max{r/(C(n  1, r 1) d + r + 1), r/(C(n 1, r 1) d + 1)}, where n is the number of participants and d is the minimum degree of the hypergraph. We will show this scheme is perfect and, makes the scheme of Sun to be a special case. Besides, we also show that this scheme is better than TUM scheme when given a same prohibited structure.


Impact of annealing on structural, morphological, elemental, and optical properties of bilayer ZnO/Al2O3 film has been investigated. Bilayer film has been deposited on microscope slides by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method at 350°C substrate temperature. Then, this film has been annealed at 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C under atmospheric conditions, respectively. Structural analyses have been revealed that bilayer films have polycrystalline with hexagonal wurtzite structures of ZnO. Also, there is no other structures have been found like Zn-Al etc. Morphological and elemental analyses have been presented that the alterations of surface, and diffusions of Al to ZnO layer. Cross-sectional images have been revealed the film thickness between 0,78-1.56 m. Optical method have been used for calculation of optical band gap values of the films which are found between 3.17-3.25 eV. The results revealed that annealing leads to diffusion from the bottom layer Al2O3 of the material to the upper layer, ZnO. In addition, it was determined that the as-deposited ZnO/Al2O3 film is still leading in terms of the investigated properties.


The group dynamics of the motion of a toroidal carbon molecules is investigated using the approaches of classical mechanics. The model of pair interaction of non-polar particles is used to describe the motion of molecules. The ability of group of nanotori to perform coordinated and directed movements caused by the van der Waals forces is analyzed. The influence of the speed of rotation of molecules on the emergence and suppression of group movement is studied.


This study has designed laminated devices for Arduino-based conductive silver ink patterns on flexible materials. The resistance of the conductive pattern of silver ink in a flexible Printed Circuit Board (PCB) applications is still quite high and reduces electrical conductivity. Resistance can be reduced by hot lamination of flexible materials with specific optimum temperatures in the material. Research methods carried out by conductive pattern of silver ink heat lamination on flexible materials. The lamination device consists of a heating lamination controlled by an Arduino microcontroller. The measured resistance before lamination as 2.8 ohms and after lamination with the lowest value as 0.1 ohms. The results of the conductive pattern lamination are tested with LED and battery circuits. The conductive pattern testing with LED circuits ensures that the Arduino-based conductive silver ink lamination device can function well.


Recently, there have been several reports of increases of leukemia, especially childhood leukemia, in populations resident in the vicinity of nuclear installations. However, there is no information on cancer mortality of the people living near nuclear power stations in Japan. Therefore, we have studied the standardized mortality ratio of malignant neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue near nuclear power plant sites in Japan.Data on the cancer mortality were obtained from the magnetic tapes of National Vital Statistics, Ministry of Health and Welfare, for years of 1973-1987. Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) of all leukemia, lymphoma, non-HODGKIN'S lymphoma, multiple myeloma and acute non-lymphatic leukemia was calculated for various age groups (0-14, 0-24 years and all ages) and different period (1973-1977, 1978-1982, 1983-1987 and 1973-1987) for each nuclear power plant site. The results showed that some of the studied population had higher rates of certain malignant neoplasms, and some had lower rates, either before or after the facilities came into operation. Our statistical analysis provided no evidence of any association between particular sites and increased cancer mortality rates.


Substance use disorder (SUD) can cause significant stress not only for the individual but also for society as a whole. To combat the high cost of treatment, states have begun to introduce parity laws, which are laws designed to standardize health insurance coverage of SUD treatment. How treatment centers react to these parity laws is essential in understanding the public health and social costs of SUD on society. According to Johanna Catherine Maclean, Ioana Popovici, and Elisheva Rachel Stern in "Health insurance expansions and provider behavior: evidence from substance use disorder providers" (National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 23094, January 2017), following the passage of parity laws, providers are more likely to be selective about which patients they treat.


The prototype expert system helps inquiring persons with the elaboration of a yourney or a route and furnishes relevant information on the result. It is different from conventional programs of the tourism branch: the inference mechanism, its consultative function, and the diversity of processed information make it a special programm. Fuzzy logic is used to deal with the uncertainty of the input data given by the user. A short analysis of existing approaches for the handling of the uncertainty preceeds the explanation of the main principles of fuzzy logic. The inference mechanism aims at finding a good solution quickly by using an heuristic adjacency-algorithm and gates


Enterprises are increasingly depending on their networks to carry mission-critical applications. To ensure the performance of such applications, quality of service (QoS) control is required and routers with QoS functions should be implemented in networks. This paper describes the OPNETTM modeling of an IP router with two scheduling algorithms: custom queuing (CQ) and priority queuing (PQ). A processor module for executing the scheduling algorithms is added between the IP queue module and the point-to-point transmitter module in the IP router. I did two simulations using the developed CQ and PQ routers: one for the network model where the two offices are connected by a WAN link, and one for the network model which to the voice over IP client is connected.


Experimenters often conduct their studies in the laboratory or in the field. Each mode has specific advantages (e.g., the control of the lab versus the realistic atmosphere of the field). We develop a framework for understanding the particular context of each style of experimentation, leading to two hypotheses concerning the relationship between treatment effects in lab and field settings that we test in contemporaneous experiments. In particular, registered voters in a medium-sized city were assigned to either a laboratory or a field experiment involving newspaper treatments. Using multiple outcome measures (e.g., job approval, policy preferences, knowledge), we find significantly larger treatment versus control differences in the laboratory experiment, especially for outcomes in which the content of the treatment could be readily linked to the dependent variable. At the same time, the modal pattern is one in which the lab treatment effects and the field treatment effects do not differ from one another.


Historically, the ruling theory of British labour law, collective laissez-faire, was rooted in distrust of courts. Over the last forty years, there have been profound and enduring constitutional changes. Successive governments have pursued deregulatory agendas through legislation, and workers and organized labour have turned increasingly to courts to vindicate their fundamental rights. In light of these changes, this article re-assesses the case against courts in British labour law. It identifies a vital yet subsidiary role for courts in labour law. This should lead scholars to reappraise the marginalization of doctrinal legal scholarship, lest the legal academy become stranded between frivolity and despair.
Courts, Fundamental Rights, Statutory Interpretation, Trade Unions, Strategic Litigation


This report discusses the remarks delivered by Paul Wolfowitz, President of the World Bank. The World Bank's annual Energy Week is one of the foremost gatherings of policy makers and practitioners engaged on strategic issues of energy and development. The 2006 conference that took place on March 6–9, 2006, at the World Bank's headquarters in Washington DC, built on the G8 plan of action adopted at Gleneagles that outlines the way ahead on clean energy, infrastructure, climate change and Africa. On information sharing event on the lessons of experience from current energy projects and programs in developing countries and it provided an opportunity for World Bank Group staff, developing country practitioners and partners to network and share their operational experience and enhance their cutting-edge knowledge and skills.


This paper analyzes the principle and architecture of ArcIMS4.0 in detail and discusses how to develop the client-side of ArcIMS by using Java connector. The information dissemination system of disease and pest in orchard is developed with Java support.


Network capabilities are presented that have been made possible by the technological advances in the areas of photonics, microelectronics, microcomputers, and software. These capabilities will enable the service providers to meet the sophisticated user needs in a timely, cost-effective, and quality manner. Further, the authors discuss the major changes in current network architectures that will be needed to support the new capabilities in the most cost-effective manner. They conclude by demonstrating the relevance of these concepts to developing countries.<<ETX>>


The Constitution ofCanada: An Introduction to its Development and Law. By W. P.M. KENNEDY. Toronto: Oxford University Press. 1922. Pp. xx, 519. ($5.00.) TsIs substantial volume is one of the most important contributions yet attempted single-handed in the field of Canadian constitutional history. It is the result of years of industrious research, reflecting credit not only upon Canadian history but upon Canadian scholarship; for though Professor Kennedy by his early training belongs to the Free State, his mature work may fairly be claimed by the land of his adoption. The task upon the completion of which Professor Kennedy is now to be congratulated, is one of considerable intricacy. Much of Canadian history has been the by-product of larger issues. The chief constitutional problems have thus been overlaid with whole strata of conventional, not to say parochial, prepossessions, until the student, like the geologist, tends to lose the vein of first principles concealed beneath the surface.