CONTEXT Empiric antibiotics are often required in hospitalized patients with serious infections who may be septic and at risk for drug resistant organisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the observed incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a sample of adult patients receiving either piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin or meropenemvancomycin for at least 72 hours. METHODS Single-center, retrospective matched cohort at a 200-bed Regional Community Medical Center. Adult patients were included in the sample if they were without preexisting renal dysfunction and admitted over an 18-month time period to receive either the combination of piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin or meropenem-vancomycin. Sample patients were evaluated for AKI. This condition was defined by the authors as an increase in serum creatinine of 0.5mg/ml or an increase of 50% above baseline during the duration of antibiotic treatment. RESULTS A total of 266 patients receiving either combination of antibiotics were evaluated for AKI. The incidence of AKI was significantly higher in the piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin group (n = 74/292, 25%) compared with the meropenem-vancomycin group (n=8/74, 9.5%, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the combination of piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin is associated with an increased incidence of AKI. Higher vancomycin trough concentrations were associated with increased risk for development of AKI.


We present a method for dynamically constructing Bayesian networks from knowledge bases consisting of rst-order probability logic sentences. We present a subset of probability logic suucient for representing the class of Bayesian networks with discrete-valued nodes. We impose constraints on the form of the sentences that guarantee that the knowledge base contains all the probabilistic information necessary to construct a network. We deene the concept of d-separation for knowledge bases and prove that a knowledge base with independence conditions deened by d-separation is a complete speciication of a probability distribution. We present a network construction algorithm that, given an inference problem in the form of a query Q and a set of evidence E, constructs the smallest network to compute P(QjE). We prove the algorithm to be correct.


Aquaporin4 (AQP4) is the main water channel in the central nervous system and is localized in the astrocytic endfoot processes. AQP4 is involved in important physiological functions, such as water balance and also in neural signal transduction. When the blood-brain barrier become disrupted, as in the case of pathological conditions, such as in brain tumor, water moves from the vasculature into the extracellular space in an AQP4-independent manner, down a hydrostatic gradient to form a vasogenic edema. Moreover, in cancer AQPs have a role promoting tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. The AQP4 contribution to the brain metastasis has not been previously investigated. The aim of our study was to analyze AQP4 distribution in 60 human brain metastases of tumor from lung (n = 20), breast (n = 20), colon (n = 5), kidney (n = 8), melanoma (n = 2), thyroid (n = 1), ovary (n = 3) and prostate (n = 1), using immunohistochemistry and, in some cases western blotting. AQP4 expression on metastasis was related to clinical data of the patients. Our results revealed that: 1) normal brain near metastasis showed an increase of AQP4 expression, accompanied with gliosis; 2) at the metastasis-brain interface, AQP4 staining was increased in all kind of tumor analyzed; 3) AQP4 staining strictly surrounded each metastatic cell, also in some areas in tumor core near vessels, especially in lung and breast; 4) some metastasis from NSCLC showed membrane AQP4 immunostaining. These observations together suggest a beneficial role of AQP4 in the brain edema caused by the metastatic event, indicating that AQP4 expression may restore a normal perivascular rearrangement, also at the periphery of the tumors. Moreover, great AQP4 expression seems to correlate to higher differentiation and a better prognosis. Our findings support to consider AQP4 as a promising therapeutic target.


The contribution deals with the mechanisms of governmental control of guardianships over minors in Roman Egypt as it was exercised through the responsible administrative officials at the various levels of the administration. The relevant measures of this administrative control extended over the appointment of guardians for which applications had to be filed with the administrative authorities. These applications, which aimed at an official registration as guardian, may also reflect in some respect an indigenous legal tradition, though it is doubtful if such applications were obligatory. Another important measure of control of guardians was the obligation of the latter to render account of his management of affairs. The article also examines the role of the officials responsible for the appointment and control of guardians, i.e. the prefect of Egypt, the nome strategos and, at the municipal level, the exegetes and others.


Existing study involves effort to forecast absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity and
polypharmacological profile of 4-((1-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-oxo-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-
methyl)benzoic acid (NPOPPBA), a 3CLpro non-peptidic inhibitors with the aid of by means of in
silico methods. In the beginning, PASS online computational software's utilized to investigate
pharmacological action of NPOPPBA. Followed by, Swiss ADME online tool utilized to estimate of
physical parameters, chemical properties, log P, solubility, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion,
drug like property and medicinal chemistry. Lastly, XUNDRUG eMolTox online tool utilized to forecast
toxicity. End result of PASS online prediction tool confirmed that NPOPPBA may be used as Fusarinine-C
ornithinesterase inhibitor, which may be beneficial in most cancers treatment; Swiss ADME end outcome
confirmed molecule may orally absorbable but not able to pass lipophilic membrane of brain and
hence will not able to show undesirable effect centrally. Observations of bioavailability study shows
NPOPPBA may be taken into consideration as a drug like because it shows all parameters falls inside
red location of graph. The log P become observed about 3.7 signifying NPOPPBA may absorb on oral
administration, solubility in water was found to be poor demonstrating need of attempts to enhance it
in formulation development. This molecule can also additionally inhibits CYP2C19 which performs
an essential function in metabolism of drugs live omeprazole, which are utilized to cure of gastrointestinal
disorder and need to take precaution in the course of use of proton pump inhibitors. It is also CYP2C9
inhibitor therefore due care need to be taken for drugs undergoing phase I metabolism. XUNDRUG
online resource outcomes confirmed hepatic and nephron toxicity possibility of NPOPPBA. Here from
this existing analysis, it may be confirmed that the beneficial absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion,
drug like property and easy in synthesis of current molecule recommended that NPOPPBA may be an
amazing medicinal agent in upcoming COVID-19 treatment.


Colloidal dispersions of polypyrrole were obtained by chemical synthesis in aqueous medium, using various transition metal compounds, as initiators and dopants, and various water-soluble polymers as steric stabilizers. The dielectric constant and the complex conductivity of the particles were determined by measurements in microwave domain. The polypyrrole latexes have conductivities ranging from 0.3 to 3 S/cm depending upon the oxidizing agent and the stabilizer. The optimum system seems to be ferric chloride/methylcellulose.


A case of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) in a 14-year-old girl associated with indoor hydroponics prompted us to conduct a pilot study on the occurrence of fungi in hydroponics as compared to potting soil. A total of 40 samples were investigated from different public and private places. Primarily, the fungal spectra of both matrices consisted of the genera Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Wallemia, Acremonium und Fusarium (at least 25% of samples positive, each). Cladosporium species were found to be the most prevalent fungi in hydroponics (14/20 samples positive, 24.2% of fungal CFUs) whereas potting soils were dominated by Penicillium species (19/20 samples positive, 33.4% of fungal CFUs). Aspergillus species came in second in both matrices (13/20 and 11/20 samples positive, 21.3% and 16.5% of fungal CFUs, respectively). We conclude that hydroponics should be considered as a potential source of fungal contaminants when checking for indoor allergic health complaints. Future research should focus on fungal ecology and emission capacity in this specific matrix.


Tourism is currently the leading export sector in Rwanda and is growing. The country is famous for the rare mountain gorillas of the Parc National des Volcans. This paper uses information from value chain analysis studies, complementary research and stakeholder testimonies to reveal the benefits that accrue to people living around the Park. It quantifies pro-poor income and non-financial benefits from gorilla tourism, and describes the opportunities for the poor to become economically involved in the value chains relating to accommodation, food and beverages, excursions and shopping, and the barriers to their involvement. To increase local benefits from gorilla tourism and other tourism activities around the Park, the authors recommend stimulating the activities of the private sector, increasing the number of joint venture agreements, enhancing opportunities for local employment and career progression, and improving business linkages with entrepreneurs and entertainers.


Fermilab's 400 GeV accelerator began its life in 1972 at the new laboratory near Chicago, Illinois. By 1973, a small R&D effort began to study superconducting accelerator magnets. This was based on a very substantial effort that had been underway in many laboratories including Brookhaven, Argonne and Rutherford Lab. By 1978, the Laboratory had achieved enough success to propose to build, as an R&D project, a superconducting ring in the same tunnel as the 400 GeV machine.


Rett syndrome (RTT) is a developmental disorder with an early onset and X‐linked dominant inheritance pattern. It is first recognized in infancy and is seen almost always in girls, but it may be seen in boys on rare occasions. Typical RTT is caused by de novo mutations of the gene MECP2 (OMIM*300005), and atypical forms of RTT can be caused by mutations of the CDKL5 (OMIM*300203) and FOXG1 (OMIM*164874) genes.


[Objective]To understand the knowledge of food poisoning prevention among doctors and villagers in Weizhou Town of Wenchuan County,to investigate health awareness and behavior of villagers,so as to provide the basis for develping countermeasures of food poisoning after May 12 Wenchuan Earthquake.[Methods]Different questionnaire survey was conducted on doctors and villagers in Weizhou country respectively.[Results]Among the doctors,the total correct rate of understanding about the knowledge of food poisoning prevention was 35.7%.The correct rate about most of questions was less 50%.Among the villagers,the total correct rate of understanding about the knowledge of food poisoning prevention was less than 80%,53.0% knew hands washing before meals and after using the bathroom,44.7% regularly drank unboiled water,49.2% did not eat possible deterioration of food caused by improper storage,89% cut raw and cooked foods without strictly separation.[Conclusion]The results indicated that the prevalence status of food poisoning prevention in Weizhou town is not well.The training effect of food poisoning prevention is not satisfactory.The villagers are lack of the knowledge of food poisoning prevention.Therefor it is necessary to strengthen the knowledge training of food poisoning prevention among medical staff of urban and rural grass-roots.The targetted publicity should be enchanced among local residents in details as well as risk awareness.And it is very urgent to strengthen adequate behavior intervention.


Preloading method is a common way to dispose large-scale soft soil foundation, and its methods of calculating the settlement amount mainly include exponential curve method, hyperbolic method, and Asaoka method. This paper chose exponential curve method and hyperbolic method to conduct ultimate settlement calculation on some reclamation project of Yingkou Port against measured data of settlement in the project, and compared the result to that calculated by splitting summation method. The accuracy was also verified by measured data of settlement amount in later phase to reach the conclusion that hyperbolic method is more suitable for calculating the ultimate settlement amount considering the soft soil foundation of marine facies in Liaoning.


We study the questions of how supersymmetry is spontaneously broken in anti-de Sitter space–time. We verify that the would-be R-symmetry in AdS4 plays a central role for the existence of meta-stable supersymmetry breaking. To illustrate, some well-known models such as Poloyni models and O'Raifeartaigh models are investigated in detail. Our calculations are reliable in flat space–time limit and confirm us that meta-stable vacua are generic even though quantum corrections are taken into account.


Brazil is often cited as a developing country that has exemplified the trade-off between economic growth and equity. The basis for the claim was the rising inequality in the income distribution between the 1960 and 1970 censuses, combined with an increase in per capita income over the decade. Numerous scholars have analyzed the period, yet there is little or no agreement in the literature regarding either the causes or the extent of this apparent increase in inequality. Using a recently released sample of the 1970 demographic census, the empirical basis for the claim of deteriorating income distribution over the decade is examined here. Applying poverty lines defined for both 1960 and 1970 data sets, the correlates of income variance and poverty are analyzed. The results show that under most reasonable assumptions regarding data deficiencies and appropriate deflators, the fraction of the population in absolute poverty declined only slightly over the decade. Although the poorest households were found among the small farmers and sharecroppers in the rural areas in both 1960 and 1970, a large increase in the incidence of poverty in urban areas occurred over the decade.


The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of guests and visitors to the museums of the Autonomous Region of Madeira (RAM), in the period between 2012 ‑ 2018. By definition, a museum is a non‑profit entity, serving the development of a society. Museums carry out many services such as spreading knowledge, preserving memory, conserving objects for museum research, and by so doing adding value to both tangible and intangible cultural and artistic heritage. Theresearch was based on existing statistics from the National Statistics Institute and the Regional Statistics Office in Madeira. It was found that the global number of visitors increased over the period considered, probably because of tourism though it was not pos‑ sible to demonstrate a direct relationship between tourist flows and the influx of visitors to museums, on the basis of the data available. It was found that the museological reality of RAM,is highly exposed to tourism as occurs in the rest of the national context and so may be subverting the institutional characteristics of a museum


Abstract : Polarization curves in acid, neutral and alkaline solutions were drawn by potentiostatic method, for O and H2O2 reduction processes and for H2O2 oxidation process, on Pt, Ir and Pd electrodes. These curves could be classified as follows: those whose slopes are 0.030 to 0.12, and those with slopes higher than 0.12. The former can be explained through already proposed mechanisms (addition of one electron or one atom of H to an adsorbed O molecule; or addition of one electron to an HO2 adsorbed radical). The slopes higher than 0. 12 involve a slow O or HO2 radical adsorption which becomes kinetically determining first of all for Ir in both acid and neutral solutions. For Pd in H2SO4 solution and for Pt in HCl solution the O adsorption process is very slow, essentially due to the complexing action of the solution with resulting formation of surface complexes which engage the metal atoms, thus preventing or reducing the formation of adsorbed oxide.


A new compact rail-to-rail buffer amplifier for active matrix liquid crystal display source driver applications is proposed. Two complementary buffer amplifiers driving a pair of column lines are used to realize a rail-to-rail driver. The compact buffer amplifier has a large driving capability with the function of charge and discharge provided by the current positive-feedback (CPF). The CPF can increase the charge capability in conventional class-A pMOS input buffer amplifiers and increases the discharge capability in conventional class-A nMOS input buffer amplifiers. The compact rail-to-rail buffer amplifier is implemented using 0.35µm CMOS 2-poly 4-metal process technology. The quiescent current consumed is 2.8µA and 3µA for a pMOS input buffer amplifier and an nMOS input buffer amplifier, respectively.


Key Points NK CD56bright cytokine-producing populations are selectively lost in myeloma with expansion of a dysfunctional CD56bright cytotoxic subset. NK CD56dim cells in myeloma have features of exhaustion with impaired proliferation and activation, and increased inhibitory receptors.


On April 19 of this year, Fred Hosch of the University of New Orleans asked the SIGCSE mailing list for advice on teaching his upcoming Language Course, which he had not taught for some time. As is usually the case with this sort of request, a lively discussion ensued of which this is a summary. I was a participant in the discussion, so my view is not disinterested, but I will try to report fairly.


Abstract A simple and specific method for the analysis of codeine phosphate, chlorpheniramine maleate, phenylephrine hydrochloride and acetaminophen in pharmaceutical dosage forms was developed. The procedure consists of direct application of diluted liquid dosage forms and the solutions of solid dosage forms on silica gel plates. The mobile phase for development consisted of n-butanol-methanol-toluene-water and acetic acid. The separated components were measured quantitatively by densitometry. Linearity, reproducibility and percentage recovery of active ingredients from dosage forms were calculated.


To ensure safe use of a certain type of equipment,it must be grounded reliably,and the grounding resistors must meet the requirements.In this paper,based on the grounding resistance calculation method,how to use triangulation measurement to measure earth resistance is introduced,the measures about how to effectively reduce the grounding resistance are described.


The potential of using a circular metal pipe with two open ends as a propagation channel for through-wall radar is investigated. A modal formulation is used for simulating the backscattering from a target through a circular pipe. A target is observed through the pipe using simulation and subsequently validated with measured data. The insertion loss due to the pipe is extracted from simulation and compared to previously published data for the insertion loss of walls.


Independent risk factors for AKI reported in studies are advancing age, body mass index (BMI) > 32, preexisting renal dysfunction, DM, decreased serum albumin, decreased cardiac performance, cardio-pulmonary bypass procedure, malignancy and high-risk surgery, hospital stay >48 hours, emergency surgery, peripheral vascular disease, liver disease and COPD.The most common causes for AKI in perioperative period are sepsis, cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock and drug induced AKI [1].


At the present time there is much interest both in factual history and in the history of the ideas which motivated these facts. This might be the justification, for instance, of so many monographs which are now appearing in many countries about the religious motives which gave impulse to great reforms. The Spanish enterprise of the Indies has already been the subject of such studies, both from the point of view of Spanish thinkers and writers or from the standpoint—much less frequent—of the "Indianos" or Americans themselves.


Objective To investigate the difference between the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)at"Renzhong-Baihui" (DU26-DU20,RB)and"Renzhong-Baihui+Ganshu-Shenshu"(DU26-DU20+BL18-BL23,RB+GS)after focal cerebral infarction in rats. Method The healthy adult male SD rats(n=91)were randomly divided into sham-operated group,model group, treatment group A(RB)and treatment group B(RB+GS)and subjected to establish the model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)on the right side by nylon monofilament suture.EA was performed at 90 min after establishing of successful model,30min/d.The neural function recovery was evaluated by Longa's score,RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to detect the expressions of LINGO1 mRNA and protein in ischemic cortex on the 1st、3rd、7th and 14th d respectively after ischemia. Result The sham-operated group had no neurological dysfunction.Motor function recovered significantly in treatment group A and treatment group B,compared with model group(P0.05).The expressions of LINGO1 mRNA and protein in model group enhanced obviously on the 1st d,then gradually decreased on the 3rd—14th d,butwere still higher than that in sham-operated group on the 14th d(P0.01).The expressions of LINGO1 mRNA and protein in treatment group A and treatment group B were all lower than that in model group on the 7d—14d (P0.05);in addition,the expression of LINGO1 protein in treatment group B was lower than that in treatment group A,there was significant statistical difference between two treatment group(sP0.05). Conclusion The expressions of LINGO1 mRNA and protein in ischemic cortex increased significantly.EA might induce its'down-expression after acute cerebral infarction,promote axonal regeneration and accelerate the neural functional recovery.The therapeutic effect of RB+GS group was better than that of RB group.


This paper describes the Space Control Centres use case of the CUBIST FP7 project. It introduces the concept of telemetry and describes the format and the contents of the housekeeping telemetry of SOLAR, one of the payloads flying on board of the International Space Station (ISS). Further on, it discusses several approaches to conceptual analysis of space telemetry. It also gives an overview of conversion options into a form suitable for FCA and concludes with an outlook of the expected outcomes of the conceptual analysis of telemetry.


Few members of our Society enjoyed such a firmly established and well deserved popularity as Jacob David Tamarkin during the twenty years that he stood in our midst. J. D., as his friends called him, was a personality and a colorful one; those who knew him well held him in fond affection and everybody respected his integrity and selfless service. The interest which he took in his fellowmen was most helpful and he stimulated mathematical activity wherever he went. His erudition and wise counsel were at the service of young and old ; many of us are grateful to him for a start or a helping hand at a critical moment. He lived intensely and enjoyed it; he kept open house to his friends, and all mathematicians and musicians were his friends. He was the life of every mathematical gathering where his contagious laughter and roaring voice carried far and wide. I t is a sad task to write his life; it is also a difficult one because so much of his colorful past is either hidden behind the famous curtain or cannot be told. J. D. was born in Chernigov (northern Ukraine; Russia) on June 28 (old style = July 11), 1888. His father was a physician, his mother belonged to the landed gentry, and he was their only child. His parents later moved to St. Petersburg where J. D. graduated from the Second Gymnasium in 1906. Among his classmates was Alexander Alexandrovich Friedmann, the future physicist. They were bosom friends ; they worked together in school and were destined to remain closely associated until the final separation in 1925. Their early interest went to number theory and resulted in a joint paper on quadratic congruences and the numbers of Bernoulli ( [ l ] in the appended bibliography) which was dated October 5, 1905 and appeared in the Mathematische Annalen the following year. This was J. D.'s first paper and Friedmann became the first of his many collaborators of which at least twenty have been identified. The authorities of the school thought that the achievement deserved special recognition and awarded them gold medals.


Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction: Gaps and Contradictions: Righting the Black Body in the White Text 1: The Poetics of Late Capitalism and the Black Cultural Imaginary: Revising Modernity's Archive through Postmodern Praxis 2: A Complicated Anger: The Performative Black Body as Postmodern Bricolage 3: When the Circle Has Been Broken and No Words Can Heal the Pain: Possession-Performance as Ritual Mourning 4: The Haunted Echo and the Riddle of the Word: the Black Musical Tradition as the Renegotiation of Identity 5: The Scopic and the Scene: Performance, Performativity, and the Destabilization of the Racial Gaze 6: The Silenced Tongue, a Rebellious Art: the Body as Tableau Notes Bibliography Index


Heterologous anti‐rabbit IgG antisera have been examined by radioimmunoassay for the occurrence of anti‐VH antibody. Most of the sera contained antibody specific for VH allotype determinants (Aa1). The antisera contained as much or more anti‐al antibody as estimated in conventional alloantisera. It has further been shown that the anti‐L chain antibody in all these sera was specific for L chain allotype determinants. Antibody against H chain‐dependent L chain conformational determinants or cross‐reacting determinants in CHlγ and CHlα could not be demonstrated.


Network-on-Chip design takes optimizing the specific communication requests for target topology as one of its synthesis stages. Instead of finding the optimal result, this paper first addresses the problem of evaluating the various solutions of different algorithms. To obtain such an evaluation, we introduce a statistical approach for approximating the solution space by the observation that all the solution values are Gaussian distributed. An efficient method for calculating the Gaussian parameters with a complexity of O(n4) at most is also presented, which is good at solving large scale problems. The superior fidelity of the approximation is validated by real application benchmarks as well as more synthetic ones, with the average error ratio within 7% and even smaller for larger scale problems. Our approach is efficient and creditable which will boost its utility in the promising Network-on-Chip designs.


The aim of this study is to elucidate characteristics of inhibitor produced by Streptomyces sp. SMF-19 isolated from soil was found to produce proteinaceous extracellular inhibitor. The inhibitor was purified through ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, anion exchange chromatography and fast performace liquid chromatography. The molecular weight of the inhibitor was estimated to be about 48,000 by SDS-PAGE. The mode of inhibition against penicillin G as a substrate was uncompetitive. The inhibitor was stable in wide pH range but unstable at high temperature above .


− We review the low temperature calibration facilities at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science. For the calibration of capsule-type standard resistance thermometers, open and sealed cells of cryogenic fixed points and their realization system were manufactured and used. A sealed cell of the triple point of Argon for longstem standard platinum resistance thermometers was also manufactured. For calibration by comparison, a controllable comparison cryostat and a nitrogen boiling point temperature block were made. We also review our traceability scheme and supporting international key comparisons for the dissemination of low temperature standards.


We describe here Bertolonia lucernula, a new endemic species from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It is only known from one locality, the "Área de Proteção Ambiental Mestre Álvaro", in the municipality of Serra. The new species can be recognized by the branches and petioles covered with sessile and short-stalked glands and scattered unbranched trichomes, flat leaf blade surfaces covered only with sessile and short-stalked glands, small flowers with a widely campanulate hypanthium covered with the same trichomes as the petioles, calyx with membranaceous, truncate sepals, and short, triangular external teeth, asymmetric and obovate petals, with the apex covered with sessile and short-stalked glands on the adaxial surface. According to IUCN criteria, Bertolonia lucernula should be classified as Critically Endangered (CR).


The purpose of this article is to determine the strength of trunk flexor and extensor muscles at several isokinetic test speeds (60deg/sec, 120deg/sec, 150deg/sec) in normal subjects by using the Cybex TEF unit (Back Systems Trunk Extension/Flexion Rehabilitation Unit).Ninety-five subjects (56 males and 39 females) with ages ranging from 14 to 71 years (mean: 35.5 years) were tested.There were many differences in peak torque and total work between males and females. Peak torque, total work and torque acceleration energy (TAE) in male subjects exceeded respective strengths for female subjects at all isokinetic speeds tested. Peak torque, total work and TAE gradually decreased in older subjects. Peak torque and total work decreased as isokinetic speed increased. Conversely TAE increased as isokinetic speed increased.


Abstract Rauvolfia serpentina which is also known as Indian snakeroot or sarpagandha is a member of the family Apocynaceae was popular from ancient times as an antidote to the stings of insects and bites of poisonous reptiles. Qualitative analysis of root extracts of R. serpentina indicates the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, and phenols. The quantitative determination of phytochemical constituents of Rauvolfia serpentina indicates the presence of 2% fat, 12.4% alkaloid and 7.35% saponins in plant sample. n-Hexane extract of root of Rauvolfia serpentina was analyzed through GC-MS. The compounds were identified by comparison of GC-MS spectrum with library searches which led to identification of 18 compounds. The major constituents were found to be 2-methylheptane (3.48%), cis-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane (13.66%), 2-(propoxymethyl)oxirane (3.45%) Hexylene Glycol (14.28%), 3-methylheptan-2-one (15.56%), 2,5dimethylhexan-3,4-diol (5.70%), 3,4-dimethylhexan-2-ol (7.47%), 1,1,2,3-tetramethylcyclopropane (24.33%), Diethyl Phthalate (2.11%) and other chemical constituents with less than 2% peak area.


The flax was modified by perchloric acid to prepare a dye sorption agent, a orthogonal experiment design was used to investigate the effect of five independent variables, such as perchloric acid mass fraction, particle size, liquid to solid ratio, temperature modification, modification time. The results showed that the absorption effect of modified flax with dye waste was significant. The removal rate of dye was 69.85%, which increased by 22.3% than that of before modification. The optimal conditions for maximum effect were 300mesh sieve, 85℃, 9 min, 15% perchloric acid, 0.042 g/mL liquid to solid ratio.


The utility model relates to a pipeline leakage monitoring device, which relates to the technical field of measuring sound waves, measuring fluid pressure and pipeline systems. The pipeline leakage monitoring device is composed of two parts of base stations and a central station device (4), wherein a base station is arranged on each station of a pipeline, the center station manages the base stations of the whole pipeline, a set of dynamic pressure sensors (1a) and a set of static pressure sensors (2a) are respectively installed in an initial base station and a terminal base station of the monitored pipeline, output of the sensors is connected with a data collecting transmission device (3a) through a control cable, the sensors are installed on a technical zone of an oil transportation station, a data collecting and transmitting module is installed in a station control chamber, a connection mode between the base stations and the central station device (4) is decided by a communication mode between oil transportation stations, the base stations transmit effective data to a central station computer through a suitable communication mode, data is analyzed and judged by the computer of the central station device (10), and the pipeline leakage monitoring device sends sound and light alarms and is positioned if leakage is generated.


Building on a previous work by Bradfield and Aquino (1999), this study examines factors influencing forgiveness and revenge cognition and behaviors among Malaysian executives. A questionnaire survey method was undertaken. Respondents were selected by using convenience sampling method from four Malaysian organizations. The findings from this study suggested that 1) that the contemplation of revenge or forgiveness is positively related to their behavioural equivalents: (2) that power asymmetries between the offender and the victim in a corporation has an influence on the forgiveness or revenge behaviour; (3) that revenge cognitions and behaviour in a corporation are influenced by the offence severity: and (4) that religion (especially), gender, and ethnic have asignificant influence to forgiveness cognitions and behaviours.


Parallel transmission is a general concept in networking that involves the simultaneous sending of multiple data streams to increase the amount of data that can be transferred in a given time period. In this technique, the data is divided into several small parts and each part is sent along multiple paths in parallel to reduce latency and improve the total data throughput of the network. The Media Access Control (MAC) protocol is used to mediate communication between nodes in an Ethernet network. It allocates bandwidth between the nodes and guarantees that multiple nodes can communicate simultaneously without any collision. The MAC protocol also plays a critical role in the utilization of parallel transmission in a network as it is used to achieve efficient and reliable delivery of bits along multiple paths. By using parallel transmission, MAC protocol ensures reliable, low latency, and high throughput communication. Furthermore, it helps to reduce the chances of data loss by increasing the number of available paths for transmission. In order to improve network performance, modern networks are now using parallel transmission in combination with other technologies such as Quality of Service (QoS) and Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR). These technologies are designed to provide more efficient use of communication channels and increase the data rate of networks in general. Additionally, parallel transmission is being used in various wireless communication networks to improve the efficiency of data transmission. All in all, parallel transmission is becoming increasingly popular in networking due to its ability to significantly improve transmission speed and reduce latency. The MAC protocol is an important part of this technology as it facilitates reliable transmission of packets along multiple paths through careful allocation of bandwidth. As a result, the utilization of parallel transmission and MAC protocol in networking has become a popular way to significantly improve the data rate and quality of service of a network.


In the academic debates on the relationship between the State and religious communities in Estonia there are two standpoints. The first one emphasizes the role of religious communities, particularly the Christian ones, in the formation of Estonian statehood as well as the history of the country. The activity of the churches in the sphere of charity and social welfare is perceived positively. At the same time, academics draw attention to the fact that Estonians are not very religious, thus, all forms of privileging religious communities are considered debatable. The second approach also emphasizes the historical significance of religious communities, but simultaneously approves of their increased activity, especially in the context of rebuilding Estonian identity after the era of Soviet domination. The goal of this article is to analyse the main assumptions of religious policy in Estonia after 1991, as well as the main factors that determined the current solutions. The conducted research is supposed to answer the question: why does the government of a country with one of the longest traditions of separation of state and religion in the region make many symbolic acts towards churches and religious associations? Furthermore, it will enable the verification of the hypothesis which assumes that the religious policy of contemporary Estonia is influenced by the conviction about the role of churches and religious associations in the history of the country, as well as by the recognition of religion as a factor in building the identity of the post-Soviet state. The text is divided into three parts. In the first part there will be analysed the issues of changes in the denominational structure of Estonia. The second part will present the results of the research on the historical conditions of Estonia's denominational policy. The last part will analyse the legal solutions in Estonia concerning the state-religious community relations.


This study was conducted to investigate and compare the thermal properties of two varieties: Tympanotonus fuscatus and Pachymelania aurita of Periwinkle in Nigeria. The thermal properties, namely; specific heat capacity,Cp, thermal conductivity, k, thermal diffusity,, thermal absorptivity, and thermal effusivity, of Periwinkle samples were determined. The mean thermal conductivity of T. fuscatus was found to be 0.085±0.00015 W/m.K at temperatures of 308 – 373 K, while that of P. aurita was 0.0952±0.00056 W/m.K at the same temperature range.The average specific heat capacity value of T. fuscatus was found to be 2403.663±3.4379 J/kg.K at temperature of 308 – 373 K lower than that of P. aurita having a mean value of 2832.314±1.7385 J/kg.K at the same temperature. The mean thermal diffisivity of T. fuscatus was found to be 2.6553×10-8 m2/s while that of P. aurita was found to be 5.6790×10-8 m2/s. The average values for thermal absorptivity and effusivity of T. fuscatus and P. aurita were obtained as 81.085m-1; 525.084 W.s1/2/m2K and 55.441 m-1; 396.952 W.s1/2/m2K, respectively. The results shown that average thermal absorptivity and effusivity values were higher in T. fuscatus than P. aurita. A Tukey pairwise comparison analysis carried out on the mean values of these thermal properties of T. fuscatus and P. aurita revealed that there is statistically significant difference at <5% between the thermal properties of the two varieties of periwinkle samples. These data would help us in predicting and controlling the heat flux during the design of periwinkle processing equipment.


The mix of native language with other languages (code-mixing) in social media has posed a severe challenge for language identification (LID) systems. It has encouraged research on code-mixed LID solutions. Four things have been identified in this study, such as techniques, challenges, and dataset availability with corresponding quality criteria and developed a comprehensive framework for code-mixed LID. Also, we identified gaps and future work opportunities in tackling code-mixed LID challenges. Based on our analysis of reviewed studies, we outlined key points for future research in code-mixed LID. We demonstrated a taxonomy of applied techniques for code-mixed LID and highlighted the different technique variants. In code-mixed LID tasks, we discovered four significant challenges: ambiguity, lexical borrowing, non-standard words, and intra-word code-mixing. This systematic literature review recognised 32 code-mixed datasets available for LID. We proposed five features to describe the quality criteria datasets, such as the number of instances or sentences, percentage of code-mixed types in the data, number of tokens, number of unique tokens, and average sentence length. Finally, we synthesised the methodologies and proposed a conceptual framework for subsequent studies through our literature analysis.


Some information-seeking yes/no (yn)-questions convey an epistemic bias of the speaker. Examples are questions with the particle really (e.g., Did he really bring a present?), negative questions with preposed negation (e.g., Doesn't John drink?), and in some contexts even regular questions (e.g., Is it raining?). The goal of this paper is to compare two main approaches to biased yn-questions - the VERUM approach and the Decision Theory approach - and to argue that, while certain formal notions from Decision Theory are important, the operator VERUM is needed to derive the full range of data. Furthermore, the paper explores the behavior of VERUM and really as expressive items.


Abstract Exports of horticultural products, in particular fresh citrus fruits, are becoming increasingly important in terms of export earnings for Australia. However, Australian fresh citrus exports account for about 12 per cent of the total production of citrus. About 57 per cent of total exports is sold on Asian markets. The purpose of this study is to examine the problems and prospects for fresh citrus exports on world markets and, in particular, in the Asian region. The findings of the study reveal that higher freight and labour costs have made Australian citrus less competitive on world markets. Thus, producers have an incentive to sell over 80 percent of the total production of citrus on domestic markets. However, there is scope for greater market opportunities in the Asia-Pacific region for Australian fresh citrus fruits. Australia should increase the yield per tree, improve the quality of citrus fruits and identify the need for market promotion and research in order to increase the volume of citru...


We extend the widely-studied Heterogeneous Autoregressive Realized Volatility (HAR-RV) model to examine the out-of-sample forecasting value of climate-risk factors for the realized volatility of movements of the prices of crude oil, heating oil, and natural gas. The climate-risk factors have been constructed in recent literature using techniques of computational linguistics, and consist of daily proxies of physical (natural disasters and global warming) and transition (U.S. climate policy and international summits) risks involving the climate. We find that climate-risk factors contribute to out-of-sample forecasting performance mainly at a monthly and, in some cases, also at a weekly forecast horizon. We demonstrate that our main finding is robust to various modifications of our forecasting experiment, and to using three different popular shrinkage estimators to estimate the extended HAR-RV model. We also study longer forecast horizons of up to three months, and we account for the possibility that policymakers and forecasters may have an asymmetric loss function.


A recent infestation of the "Crown-of-Thorns" starfish, Acanthaster planci (L.), killed a high proportion of the fringing reefs of Guam. This study is a distributional analysis of the state of the extant coral community to determine whether or not recovery is taking place. The study region is located at Tanguisson Point, Guam, where prior to the starfish predation a well developed fringing reef occurred. This region was heavily infested by an Acanthaster planci population from June, 1968 to September, 1968. The infestation resulted in the death of more than 95 percent of the reef building (hermatypic) corals. Distributional analysis of the reef corals was undertaken in 1970 with the establishment of three permanent transects in the study area. The distributional analysis includes: 1) species diversity and the relative abundance of each species; 2) percentage of substratum surface occupied by living corals for each reef zone; 3) distribution of corallum size by reef zone; and 4) distribution of coral growth forms by reef zones. In 1971, one year later, a second distributional analysis of reef corals was conducted on the same transects. A comparison of data from the two periods indicates that some reef recovery is taking place, and changes have occurred in all the above parameters studied. Species diversity has increased in all reef zones. A total of 33 genera and 96 species were recorded in 1970. One year later 38 genera and 111 species were found. Percentage of substratum covered by living corals has increased in all reef zones except the reef margin. Increases in percentage of living coral cover range from 1.6 percent on the seaward slope zone to 3 percent on the submarine terrace and reef front zones. The total number of coral colonies recorded on the transects has increased from 1302 in 1970 to 2116 in 1972. This increase in the number of newly established coral colonies has resulted in a net decrease in average corallum size. There has been an increase in the number of colonies with incrusting growth forms and a decrease in colonies with massive growth forms.


The purpose of this paper is to examine recent developments in personality research and then, on this basis, to enhance the significance of research on personality and leisure. A theoretical relationship between personality and leisure is first examined from the traditional trait approach and then from the point of view of implicit personality, especially in relation to attributional derivations. After discussing these two main approaches and their implications, several basic issues are raised about the relationship between personality and leisure behavior. Cautions are expressed toward taking the trait approach, and an attributional analysis of personality and leisure is supported. A subjective definition of leisure is to underlie the examination of this relationship.


Professional English test is the baton of college English teaching. In recent years, the reform of examinations has increased, and the improvement and difficulty of translation problems have meant that college English teaching should pay sufficient attention to translation teaching. This paper starts with the translation of new questions in the test, and puts forward some suggestions for the reform of college English classroom teaching. Aiming at the solutions to the common problems in the translation of students' passages, this paper analyzes and explores some problems and reasons exposed by the candidates in the process of words, sentences and chapters, and then proposes some measures to improve the teaching of college English translation. It is practical for the reform of the whole university English classroom teaching, and will greatly improve the students' paragraph translation ability, which can better improve the classroom teaching effect. In the end, students will be able to adapt to this new four-level test and achieve the desired results in the fourth level test.


The purpose of the study to find out and analyze the impact of the provision of Additional Income on the performance of Civil Servants in the Office of The District Head of Ngebel Ponorogo.Qualitative descriptive research type. Research objects are based on people's data sources, documents and events.Selection of informants with purposive sampling techniques. Interview, observation and documentation data collection techniques. Data instruments in the form of a list of questions, observations and recordings. Data analysis techniques using interactive data analysis of miles &huberman models. The impact was analyzed with Finsterbusch theory and Motz Single before-after program according to and performance theory according to John Miner with indicators of quality, quantity, use of time in work and cooperation.The results showed that the implementation of AEI was going well but there were still technical constraints.Quality there is an improvement in the quality of the work and a decrease in the error rate although not too great.The positive impact on the quantity of budget realization efficiency and realization of organizational performance achievement exceeds the target above 100%.The use of time in work there is a decrease in violations of working hours at the rate of absence, the rate of delay and quick return.The effective working time of employees in 2020 averaged 85%. While in the aspect of cooperation is not seen the impact because it has been running well before the AEI.


In this paper, we proposed the user's relevance feedback technology to reflect the degree of user's preferences of what he liked. Reference feedback contains the positive and negative feedback rank. User's relevance feedback rank can derivate as the User's preference. The personal preference and general preference could be considered in this paper. The dynamic re-ranking result will refer to represent the media.


Background and Objectives: There has been a gradual shift away from radical surgery towards conservation treatment, for breast cancer. The pectoralis minor muscle is increasingly preserved in women undergoingaxillary clearance as part of either breast conservation or mastectomy. We compare Retention versus Removal of pectoralis minor Patients and methods: A retrospective study of 278 patients who underwent axillary clearance, 86 with (Removed Group) and 192 who had the muscle preserved (Retained Group,) operated in South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assuit University in the period from January 2005 to January 2010. Study was aiming at evaluation of operative blood loss, operative time, Immediate post operative complication, functional impairment, Atrophy and fibrosis of pectoralis major muscle, pain, neuralgia, paraesthesia, decreased range of motion of the arm or shoulder, wound infection, Seroma formation, lymphedema of the arm, 5-years relapse free survival (RFS), cancer specific survival (CSS), Recurrence rates. Results: Similar Tumour size and typein the two groups.operative time of axillary dissection (37 in Removed Group vs. 33 minutes in in Retained Group (P=.07). The mean operative blood loss was 220mL Removed Groupvs 140mL in Retained Group.breast-conserving surgery (63% Retained Group v 57% Removed Group. CSS, RFS, was 89.7% and 80.8%, respectively in Removed Group. Retained Group it was 84.5% and 78.7%., wound infection (3.48%) in Removed Group and (6.77%) in Retained Group. Incidences of seroma (5.8%) in Removed Group, and (5.2%) in Retained Group (p<0.02) the Retained Group, ROM of the shoulder (45.34%) in Removed Group and (44.27%) in Retained Group, paresthesia (33.72%) in Removed Group and (30.73%) in Retained Group, and lymphedema (4.65%) in Removed Group and (3.13%) in Retained Group, partial atrophy and fibrosis of the pectoralis major muscle in (8.14%)% of Removed Groupvs (4.27%) in Retained Group. locoregional recurrence (1.16%) in Removed Group and (1.04%) in Retained Group (P = 0.19). The mean total number of nodes 16in Removed Group and 15 in Retained Group. Conclusion For the majority of patients with operable breast cancer, retention of the pectoralis minormuscle is not associated with under staging or under treatment of the axilla. [Ali Zedan, Haisam Atta, Adel gabr and Tareq Salah. Retention versus Removal of pectoralis minor in Axillary surgery for breast cancer. Cancer Biology 2015;5(3):178-184]. (ISSN: 2150-1041). http://www.cancerbio.net. 15. doi:10.7537/marscbj050315.15.


This paper holds that morality resource is a special kind of valuable social asset and that in the context of WTO priority should be given to strengthening political morality construction and epitomizing the social climate so as to augment new advantages in Hainan. The strengthening of political morality construction should, first of all, involve cadres' cultivating the notion of "always being the public servant for the people" in their mind. Secondly, efforts should be made to perfect political morality planning and to speed up relevant legislature. Thirdly, proper supervision mechanism should be set up, and finally exploration should be made into the objective principles of political morality construction and education in political morality should be consolidated.


This is a pre-test, post-test, experimental control group design study. It aims at finding out the effects of inquiry method of teaching versus traditional method in scientific attitude development of the students. Science students were the population of the study. 120 science students were selected through purposive sampling and were equally assigned to experimental group and control group on the basis of scores using the observation rating scale. Sample selection was based on matching, homogeneity and randomization. Each group comprised of 60 students. Both groups were given pre


Oilfield-produced brine is a major source of salt contamination in soil and groundwater. Salt transport in the upper soil layers is controlled by the atmospheric interactions via infiltration of meteoritic water. In lower layers, it is controlled by fluctuations in the groundwater table, which are also linked to atmospheric interactions via groundwater recharge. Therefore, climate is an important factor in the movement of contaminants in the unsaturated zone. A one-dimensional variably saturated flow and transport model with soil atmospheric boundary conditions was used to estimate the effect of climate type and soil texture on soil water and salt dynamics in variably saturated soils. Numerical simulations were run with Hydrus-1D, using daily climate data. Simulations were run for nine-year climate datasets for different ecoclimatic locations in Alberta, Canada. Results indicated that coarse-grained materials are good evaporation barriers, resulting in water gain conditions at the ground surface, irrespective of the climate type. However, the quantity of water gain and associated advective fluxes are a function of climate. Results also indicated that flow and transport in fine-textured soils is more dependent on the climate type. For fine-grained soils in arid climatic conditions, net water loss at the ground surface and upward migration of salt can be expected. For wetter climates, the upward migration of salt is less probable.


This
kinetic study focuses on determining the thermal gravimetric profile of a
particular grade of Indian sub-bituminous coal. A thermogravimetric analyzer
(TGA-1000) was employed to investigate the thermal behavior and extract the
kinetic parameters of Jamadoba coal and its corresponding density separated macerals. The weight loss was measured in
air atmosphere. The coal samples used in this study were obtained from
Jamadoba mines, Jharkhand. Samples of 35 mg
and 200 μm mean size were subjected to synthetic air atmospheres (21% O2).
Heating rates of 2, 5 and 7°C/min were applied until the temperature reached 1400°C, which
was kept constant until burnout. Low heating rate was preferred so that devolatilization
occurs prior to ignition and combustion. Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis
method was applied to measure the weight changes and rates of weight
loss used for calculating the kinetic parameters. The activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential
factor were obtained from model-free methods
by applying non-isothermal thermogravimetry analysis.


The invention relates to headphones having left and right support elements (9, 19) for a sound transducer (11, 14, 20). In order to ensure improved out-of-head localization of sound events without significant treble and midrange losses while protecting the hearing, the invention provides for the sound transducer (11, 14, 20) to adopt a position which is tilted about a horizontal axis in the direction of view of a headphone user and a vertical axis which intersects the horizontal axis.


The 3D‐structure of extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans is central to function, but is currently poorly understood. Resolving this will provide insight into their heterogeneous biological roles and help to realize their significant therapeutic potential. Glycosaminoglycan chemical isoforms are too numerous to study experimentally and simulation provides a tractable alternative. However, best practice for accurate calculation of glycosaminoglycan 3D‐structure within biologically relevant nanosecond timescales is uncertain. Here, we evaluate the ability of three potentials to reproduce experimentally observed glycosaminoglycan monosaccharide puckering, disaccharide 3D‐conformation, and characteristic solvent interactions. Temporal dynamics of unsulfated chondroitin, chondroitin‐4‐sulfate, and hyaluronan β(1→3) disaccharides were simulated within TIP3P explicit solvent unrestrained for 20 ns using the GLYCAM06 force‐field and two semi‐empirical quantum mechanics methods, PM3‐CARB1 and SCC‐DFTB‐D (both within a hybrid QM/MM formalism). Comparison of calculated and experimental properties (vicinal couplings, nuclear Overhauser enhancements, and glycosidic linkage geometries) showed that the carbohydrate‐specific parameterization of PM3‐CARB1 imparted quantifiable benefits on monosaccharide puckering and that the SCC‐DFTB‐D method (including an empirical correction for dispersion) best modeled the effects of hexosamine 4‐sulfation. However, paradoxically, the most approximate approach (GLYCAM06/TIP3P) was the best at predicting monosaccharide puckering, 3D‐conformation, and solvent interactions. Our data contribute to the debate and emerging consensus on the relative performance of these levels of theory for biological molecules. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010


Abstract Two new species of urothoid amphipods from Pulau Sibu and Pulau Tinggi, Johor are described and illustrated. The specimens of Urothoe sibuensis new species were collected by vertical haul plankton net and is distinctively different from other existing Urothoe species by these combination of special characters; similar gnathopods 1–2 with short and stout propodus expanded into poorly defined palms; large eyes and epimeron 3 smooth. Urothoe tinggiensis new species as collected using an airlift suction sampler at seagrass area is characterized by its different gnathopodal configuration with setose dactylus of 5th pereopod; eyes minute; carpus is wider than merus in the 5th pereopod; subquadrate coxa 4; merus and carpus of pereopods 6–7 are linear.


Scoring constructed-response (CR) items often involves dealing with rater effects and multiple item scores. This paper presents the performance of IRT models when double ratings are used as item scores over single ratings when rater effects are present. Study 1 examined the influence of the number of ratings on the accuracy of proficiency estimation in the generalized partial credit model (GPCM), under varying levels of rater effects. Study 2 compared the accuracy of proficiency estimation of two IRT models (GPCM versus hierarchical rater model, HRM) for double ratings. The main findings were as follows: (1) rater effects substantially reduced the accuracy of IRT proficiency estimation; (2) double ratings relieved the negative impact of rater effects on proficiency estimation and improved the accuracy relative to single ratings; (3) IRT estimators showed different patterns in the conditional accuracy; (3) as more items and larger number of score categories were used, the accuracy of proficiency estimation improved; and (4) the HRM consistently showed better performance than the GPCM.


Strategy is a plan for fulfillment of the objective while strategic management is a guarantee for fulfillment of the objective. This article briefs about the conceptions on corporate strategy and strategic management. It points out that corporate strategic management can be divided into seven stages, such as strategic analysis, strategic formation, strategic preparation, strategic implementation, strategic evaluation, strategic control and strategic stockpiles, with the main task of each stage elaborated. It also comes up with seven principles for strategy and strategic management-scientific property, systematic property, coordinative property, sustainability, realistic property, measurability and win-win property. Post-evaluation of strategic management is an important measure for an enterprise to perfect its strategy. The article puts forward the system of main indexes for post-evaluation of strategic management. The scientific and practical methods, such as Delphi method, gray evaluation and ambiguous level method, are adopted to bring the index system of strategic management under post-evaluation. Application cases indicate that those methods are effective and applicable.


With the development of society,talents has become the strategic goals of the organization.At present,higher vocational education is an important part of the national education system.Education can not be separated with the hard work of the teachers,but there are some management problems on teachers' management,and teachers' performance evaluation system which needs to be solved urgently is not reasonable.Therefore,according to the present situation of a vocational-technical college,the paper takes the performance evaluation theories and methods as the basis,aod analyzes improvement of performance evaluation system and application problem.The paper summed up the current social development of universal significance under the environment of higher vocational education performance evaluation system and its application,in order to contribute to the rapid development of higher vocational education.


This paper analyzes the new scenario of embedded technologies from the point of view of the control of a three-phase electric motor. Given the emergence of electric mobility, either hybrid (HEV) or full electric (BEV), it will become the most profitable but equally demanding market, given that the vehicle system is a complex system full of increasingly stringent regulations. In fact, one of the main themes in the automotive field is that of safety, of the single component and of the overall vehicle system, called functional safety IEC-61508, and ISO-26262. So the base of a control design engineer's pyramid becomes security, that is design embedded software for high-integrity systems that meet industry standards with tools that provide documentation, test cases, and procedures that let qualify each subsystem. Therefore, the fundamental requirement is reliability, but above all to be able to guarantee it at any workplace that is eligible in the specifications. To ensure that there is a need for an accurate stage of designing software, but above all an equally hard working debugging job, during all stages of process development. It seems more than desirable, therefore, given the needs, that the control of a car should come from a model, composed of several subsystem models, specifically validated. All this will be implemented through dedicated tools, thus avoiding unpleasant inconveniences and slowdowns in process product and vehicle. By entering into the motor control specific, one of the most critical tasks the currents-control, given their dynamics a real time task must be assured. In addition to this task, the inverter will have to control other slower variables, detect any faults, communicate with the vehicle control unit, etc. In short, a hard work for the embedded engineer who will have to force hack to an ASIC, as the general purpose microcontrollers would be in trouble, especially for interrupt handling for task execution. Designing and validating an ASIC is a costly and long process that can be avoided with the advent of the FPGA control board, real-time reprogrammable, high performance (hundreds


Quality and healthy seedling production is very important for successful vegetable cultivation. Recent days hybrid vegetable seedlings are raised in protrays under protected cultivation to ensure quality seedling production. Vegetable nursery raising is an upcoming successful entrepreneurship area. Growing media filled protrays are dibbled and seeded manually. This process is very tedious, labour intensive, time consuming and drudgery. Keeping this in view, an automatic protray conveying, dibbling and seeding system was designed and developed. The design and construction of automatic protray conveying and dibbling system is presented is this paper. The machine was designed suitable for 98 protray cell (Protray dimension : 530 x 275 mm and protray cavity matrix: 14 x 7 (lengthwise x widthwise) which is widely used for vegetable nursery raising. This system consisted of protray conveyor and indexing system, dibbling unit, penumatic systems, electronic controls and programmable logic controller (PLC). The main conveyor shaft was driven by a stepper motor and the stepper motor was driven by a micro-stepping drive with 3200 pulse/rev configuration. Each protray was detected by a sensor and indexed by determined distance pre-programed of PLC. The function of dibbling unit was to make 10 mm dia. x 10 mm deep depressions at the center of the each cell of the growing media filled protray. The dibbling unit was a set of conically shaped tubular pegs arranged in a common bar. The stroke of the operation was 30 mm and indenting was 10 mm deep. Proximity sensor of PNP type was used for the dead end limits of all motions and conveyor index. The sensors used were dibbling station home sensor, dibbling station lower sensor, main conveyor indexing sensor and tray detection sensor. The entire cycle was controlled by a logic programme and this synchronized the conveyor motion (position/inching) with the dibbling system. This machine was able to index the growing media protrays at the predetermined distance of 38.3 mm and to make uniform depth cavities. The dibbling capacity was found to be 300 protrays/h.


In dense wireless local area networks (WLANs), users may experience unsatisfactory services owing to severe contention and interference caused by channel sharing among neighboring access points (APs). We propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based resource allocation (RA) scheme that can practically tackle the performance degradation problem by allocating appropriate channel and transmit (tx) power to each AP. To compensate for insufficient computing power of APs to train deep neural networks (DNN), the proposed scheme takes a hybrid approach of centralized training and distributed execution. Since the channel environment of neighboring APs can be very similar, when all APs determine their own channels at once, it is feasible for multiple neighboring APs to select the same channel and this can incur the performance degradation of the entire network. To avoid this phenomenon, the proposed scheme makes a DRL-based sequential decision, i.e., one AP at a time in a round-robin order determines its channel and tx power. Furthermore, the proposed scheme uses local observations that can be gathered from legacy 802.11 APs and stations (STAs), which may be a useful property because the local observations can be obtained even when there coexist uncontrolled APs in the environment and no additional functions need to be implemented in the STAs. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme using the average delay and the power consumption as metrics under unsaturated traffic condition. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves better delay performance while consuming much lower power than comparison schemes in dense WLAN scenarios.


The present study demonstrates a simple approach to the formation of polypyrrole/montmorillonite/silver (PPy/Mt/Ag) composites via in situ oxidative polymerization of pyrrole (Py) in the presence of AgNO3 acting as a direct oxidant. The polymerization was performed in the presence of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, which acts as a stabilizing and doping agent. The morphological, structural, and thermal properties of PPy/Mt/Ag composites are discussed in detail and a possible formation mechanism is proposed. The electrical conductivities of the composites pressed at different pressing pressures were investigated using four-probe analyzer. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy results indicated the partially exfoliated structure of the composites and Fourier transforms infrared results suggested the strong interactions between SiOSi groups in Mt and NH groups in PPy chains. The addition of Mt in the PPy polymer enhanced thermal property of the polymer. The conductivity of 1.08 S cm−1 was observed in the sample with 20 wt % Mt loading and applied pressure of 5 MPa. The composites obtained in the present study catalyze the reduction of methylene blue by sodium borohydride, achieving 92% conversion of MB to colorless within a few minutes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 135, 45986.


Qingfengzha(淸風閘) is a medium-length Pinghua novel(評話體小說) published in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. It was written by Pulin (浦琳), an artist who performed Shuoshu(說書) in Yangzhou(揚州). This novel has an inherent property that it was developed upon the colloquial languages(Pinghua) reflecting small details of people's daily life. It has been advanced as a genre of Pinghua novel. Qingfengzha reflected the culture of the Shiqing(世情) by realistically describing the Shiqing in detail mainly over the story of the murder of Qingfengzha and the revenge of the son-in-law for the murder. This novel reflected the culture of the Shiqing by describing the social and economic activities of urban lower classes and their daily life and custom. This research analyzed the social activities of the Wulai(無賴) and economic activities of the citizens regarding the social and economic activities in the novel. In terms of daily life and custom in the novel, the research analyzed the living customs including New Year's custom, funeral and marriage.


The human brain seems to be a hybrid computer, partly a highly efficient, highly evolved, massively parallel 'intuitive' and 'perceptual' processor, and, partly a slow and inaccurate serial symbol manipulator. Neural network models seem compatible with the massively parallel hardware, and are probably the best current model for the parallel part of the hybrid. Traditional symbol-based artificial intelligence has usually based its models on the presumed properties of the symbol manipulator. Potentially, the strengths and weaknesses of the two parts of the hybrid complement each other nicely, and ultimately, a computer could make good use of both strategies simultaneously. However, the coupling between them in humans is still uneasy, perhaps because this novel combination is biologically recent. A brief discussion of human 'computation' suggests the virtues and problems inherent in a hybrid.


Aim To study cell growth inhibition of sodium vanadate on the esophageal cancer cell line EC109,and to explore the effects of sodium vanadate on its mechanism and expression of cyclin D1.Methods Cell growth inhibition in vitro was evaluated with MTT assay in esophageal cancer cell line EC109. Western blot analysis was applied to determine modification of cyclinD1 proteins.Results The inhibition effects of sodium vanadate on EC109 cells were significantly dose-dependent and time-dependent,and the expression of cyclinD1 was evidently decreased by sodium vanadate of certain concentration.Conclusions Sodium vanadate inhibits the proliferation of human esophageal cell line EC109 significantly in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The antitumor mechanism of sodium vanadate may be related to down-regulation of cyclinD1 expression.


Dry etching process are some of the most familiar MEMS technology. In this paper, we study the rate enhancements observed through operation of the power of plasma source and the oxygen flow rate in a single step at low temperature for high dose implanted photoresist removal.


Ariga, A., & Watanabe, K. (2009). What is special about the index finger?: The index finger advantage in manipulating reflexive attentional shift. Japanese Psychological Research, 51, 258-265. Catmur, C., & Heyes, C. (2011). Time course analyses confirm independence of imitative and spatial compatibility. JEP: HPP, 37, 409-421. Meltzoff, A. N., & Prinz, W. (2002). The imitative mind: Development, evolution, and brain bases. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Vainio, L., & Mustonen, T. (2011). Mapping the identity of a viewed hand in the motor system: Evidence from stimulus-response compatibility. JEP: HPP, 37, 207-221.


Introduction Part 1: Background and Causation 2. Diagnosis of Stroke 3. Stroke Risk Factors 4. Strokes and Localization of Mental Function 5. The Neuropsychopharmacology of Stroke Part 2: Psychiatric Syndromes 6. Speaking and Understanding 7. Seeing and Believing 8. Hurting and Touching and Feeling 9. Sex 10. Apathy and Failure to Rehabilitate 11. Anger and Violence 12. Disinhibition 13. Paranoia and Delusions 14. Depression 15. Anxiety 16. Dementia Part 3: Outcome and Effects 17. The Process of Recovery 18. The Family 19. The Stroke Treatment Team 20. The Spectrum of Care 21. Legal Issues 22. Money 23. Ethics 24. Basic Anatomy of Stroke 25. Resources for Caregivers 26. Wilson, Roosevelt, Churchill, Hitler, and Stalin


Immobilization of cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis in sodium alginate (1.5 %) gave the best quality of bead and 15-16 beads were formed per mL of aqueous solution of alginate. The immobilized cells were used in a batch process for treatment of diluted sewage. After 8 days, 95 % of BOD5, 77 % of COD, 90 % of ammonia, and 94 % of TSS were removed.


[Abstract] The Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) is the third mission in NASA's Solar TErrestrial Probes program. The mission's goal is to capture 3-D images of the Sun to study the nature of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). STEREO was launched on a single Boeing Delta II rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, on October 25, 2006. This paper describes the solar arrays and high gain antenna (HGA) deployment mechanisms of the STEREO observatory. The first section focuses on the solar array mechanism design, pre-load interface design, integration to the spacecraft, and actuator problems encountered in ground testing. The second section focuses on the HGA deployment mechanism design and a description of the actuator of separation point. Lastly, lessons learned on the STEREO mechanisms are discussed.


Abstract A hybrid high-frequency formulation for determining the scattering characteristics of dielectric bodies has been developed using the principles of geometrical optics and Huygens equivalent sources. An application of the method to the problem of determining the near backscattered field due to once internally-reflected rays from dielectric spheroids is presented here, with particular consideration given to the dominating rear-axial and glory rays. The field distribution as predicted by geometrical optics is found to occupy a finite circular aperture and exhibit a "caustic ring" along the outer perimeter of the aperture where the field becomes singular. In order to specify a finite value for the field at the caustic and provide a continuous transition from lit to shadow regions, the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction principle is utilized.


A methodology is presented by means of which the projected NASA Space Station's structural elements, primarily involving externally attached masses reresenting payloads, can be prearranged to meet all constraints imposed on Station design by mission type, safety, and physical criteria. Five different configurations are considered. The methodology has been automated in the form of a computer-aided engineering tool for the optimization of masses with respect to the products of inertia. By minimizing the induced gravity-gradient torques, the momentum buildup over an orbital period is also minimized.


1. A mechanism for timepiece display intended for actuation of the main wheel (1) measuring the time for the control mechanism moves displaying indications related to time or to the functioning timepiece comprising! the cam (3 ') having a periphery of predetermined shape and adapted to drive the main wheel! a lever rotatably mounted relative to the element frame time measuring mechanism between first and second extreme positions associated with predetermined values of these readings, with the lever mounted receptive pin (4) intended to interact with the cam periphery for determining display positions at the Currently, with the lever and rack set (4 ') meshed with the pinion (1') intended for driving the display element,! resilient means (6, 6 '), the force applied to the lever to set it to the position indication! characterized in that the periphery of the cam is made such that rotation of the cam to the rotation angle of an alternating movement of the imaging element according to the angular position of the cam relative to the frame. ! 2. A mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the cam (3 ') is attached to the wheel (3) driven by the setpoint wheel (2), kinematically coupled with the primary wheel (1). ! 3. A mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the resilient means (6, 6 ') comprises a pre-loaded helical spring (6'), a first end of which is fixed and the other end is attached to the wheel (6) and kinematically compound


In order to ensure end user devices are healthy enough to gain access to the network, providers are making use of advanced network access control solutions, which propose an evaluation of configuration information (posture) about the device itself before providing access to the network. However, current solutions are focused on intra-domain scenarios, where end users and network belong to the same organization. This work proposes an architecture to provide this trusted network access control in other emerging scenarios: network roaming federations, like eduroam, where the accessed network provider is not where the end user belongs to. The paper describes how authentication and authorization mechanisms for these scenarios can be integrated to provide trusted network access control.


A spectroscopic and kinetic study of the photoinduced electron transfer (ET) reaction between 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) and 1-methylnaphthalene (MNA) in acetonitrile using the transient grating technique is reported. Apart from the bands assigned to 1DCA* and DCA•-, the transient spectrum exhibits a band located at 580 nm and ascribed to MNA2•+. This species is generated upon reaction of a second donor molecule with a 1:1 complex to form a 1:2 complex (DCA•-·MNA2•+). Using chloranil as electron acceptor, the rate constant of this reaction has been measured to be 6.8 × 109 M-1 s-1. From the donor concentration dependence of the kinetics of DCA•- diffraction intensity and of the free ion yield, the rates of back ET to the ground state within the 1:1 and the 1:2 complexes have been determined to be equal to 1.8 × 108 and 16.9 × 108 s-1, respectively, while their rate constants of separation into free ions are 1.6 × 108 and 1.1 × 108 s-1, respectively. These values have been obtained assuming a reaction scheme in which both forward and backward ET essentially take place at contact distance. In the case of the 1:1 complex, however, charge recombination within a loose ion pair cannot be ruled out.


'Environmental Compliance'—the organisational ensuring of companies' compliance with environmental law—relates to one of the most significant topics of the 21st century: environmental protection. This work, which is situated at the point at which corporate law and environmental law overlap, initially examines urgent legal issues at a general level from the perspective of both the USA and Germany: How comprehensive must companies' compliance measures be? How far do compliance obligations extend within a corporate group? Do compliance obligations also extend to third parties in some cases ('third party compliance')?
This work focuses on the corporate organisational obligations established by legislators in the field of environmental law and the additional steps that legislators may consider in this respect. The result is a comprehensive overview of how companies should organise their compliance with this law so that it corresponds to the legal system in which they operate.


OBJECTIVE
to evaluate urinary desoxypiridinoline (Dpd) levels in postmenopause patients, with osteoporosis or osteopenia after treatment with sodium alendronate.

METHODS
a quasiexperimental study was carried out in 118 patients, aged from 41 to 69 years. According to the densitometry results and treatment received, we formed five groups: group I, patients with osteoporosis, treated with 10 mg/day of alendronate; group IIA, patients with osteopenia treated with alendronate 5 mg/day; group IIB, patients with osteopenia treated with hormonal therapy replacement (HTR); group IIIA, patients with normal densitometry treated with change of life style habits; and group IIIB, patients with normal densitometry treated with HTR. Dpd urinary levels were measured in all patients at the beginning and 60 days after. The statistical analysis was t Student paired.

RESULTS
the group I diminished 7.8 nmol Dpd/mmol Cr with a p = 0.001. In the other groups the reduction of the urinary Dpd level was not significant.

CONCLUSIONS
in osteoporosis the urinary Dpd excretion diminishes after 60 days of treatment with 10 mg/day of sodium alendronate.


Security sector reform means transforming the security sector/system, which includes all the actors, with their roles, responsibilities and actions, working together to manage and operate the system in a manner that is more consistent with democratic norms and sound principles of good governance and thus contributes to a well-functioning security framework. Security Sector Reform (SSR) working definitions must be comprehensive and must include: intelligence agencies, military intelligence, police forces, the army in its domestic role and praetorian guards (republican, royal or presidential) .


Modular supervisory control of discrete-event systems (DES), where the global DES is composed of local components that run concurrently, is considered. For supervisory control of large-scale modular DES the possibility of performing control-related computations locally (in components) is of utmost importance to computational complexity. Recently we have treated the case, where the specification language is decomposable into local specification languages and is included in the (global) plant language. In this paper the case of general specification languages that are neither necessarily decomposable nor contained in the global plant language is studied. Sufficient conditions are found under which any manipulation with the global plant is avoided for the computation of supremal controllable sublanguages of (global) indecomposable specification languages.


Drinking among college students is a serious problem that can have severe consequences, and research on the factors which influence student drinking are prevalent in the literature. Two such factors, parental knowledge and close friend/peer norms about alcohol use, were examined in the current study. It was hypothesized that drinking behavior among college students would be influenced by parental knowledge, close friend alcohol use, and peer norms about alcohol use. In addition, parental and peer influences on alcohol use among college students were expected to differ depending on the levels of autonomy the students possessed. Data were collected from freshmen college students at the University of Pittsburgh during the Fall semester of 2009. Results showed that higher levels of parental knowledge were significantly related to lower levels of alcohol use, and higher levels of both close friend alcohol use and peer norms were associated with higher levels of alcohol use. The moderating effect of autonomy was found for peer norms about alcohol use, but not for parental knowledge or friend alcohol use. The pattern of the results was, however, not in the hypothesized direction, with a stronger association between peer norms and alcohol use among those with higher autonomy than those with lower autonomy. Potential explanations for the findings, along with the limitations of the current study and the future directions, are discussed.


Although strict carnivores like felids do not consume plant fibre, considerable intestinal fermentation has been measured. This indicates that certain animal-derived compounds can serve as substrates for fermentation and microbial proliferation in the feline hindgut. It is often claimed that enzymatically indigested animal material exerts the production of toxic compounds in the hindgut, but to date, only little peer-reviewed documentation is available, whereas in contrast, recent findings point to specific microorganisms in the feline hindgut that use proteolysis products as a substrate.


THE major racial and ethnic groups have a characteristic distribution of birthweight (Comas, 1960). The uniqueness of these distributions is undoubtedly due to both genetic and environmetal factors. However, several studies of siblings (Kara, et al., 1951), cousins (Robson, 1955) and consanguineous matings (Morton, 1955) have found little evidence of a major genetic component. Thus, by exclusion, maternal factors have been implicated. The present study reports as large a range of mean birthweight between various North American Indian tribes as has previously been reported between major racial groups. The diversity in birth weight corresponds closely to the adult stature of the various tribes and both are apparently correlated with the food procurement and utilization habits of the various tribal groups.


In the title compound, (C4H16N3)[BiCl6], the BiIII atom is six-coordinate in a distorted octahedral geometry. The salt adopts a three-dimensional network arising from the hydrogen bonds between the cations and anions.


Since the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988, detection of military explosives has received much attention. Only in the last few years has detection of improvised explosives become a priority. Many detection methods require that the particulate or vapor be available. Elsewhere we have reported the vapor pressures of peroxide explosives triacetone triperoxide (TATP), diacetone diperoxide (DADP), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Herein we examine the vapor signatures of the nitrate salts of urea and guanidine (UN and GN, respectively), and compare them to ammonium nitrate (AN) and TATP using an isothermal thermo-gravimetric method. The vapor signatures of the nitrate salts are assumed to be the vapor pressures of the neutral parent base and nitric acid. Studies were performed at elevated temperatures (80–120 °C for UN, 205–225 °C for GN, 100–160 °C for AN, and 40–59 °C for TATP), enthalpies of sublimation calculated and vapor pressures extrapolated to room temperature. Reported vapor pressure values (in Pa) are as follows: GN    ≪UN


The third seminar, coordinated by SciELO and Fapesp, on the evaluation of the performance of Brazilian journals took place in September in Sao Paulo.

With the editors of most of the Brazilian journals linked to SciELO and Fapesp attending, the contribution of these two institutions was demonstrated in the event, as was the promising results observed since the first meeting held three years ago. It was reported that there has been an increase in the number of journals published in English. In the SciELO database, for example, the proportion increased from 33% to 66% over three years and the progress of Brazil in the indexation of journals in the JCR/ISI/Thomson Reuters has been very expressive.

The increase in Brazilian scientific production with indexation of journals in the World of Science (WOS) of Thomson Reuters since 2005 is shown in Figures 1 & 2(1).

Figure 1

2005-2010: Countries that added over 40 titles to Web of Science

Figure 2

2005-2010: Clinical medicine - countries with greatest increase in coverage

For the first time in the area of health sciences, Brazilian journals have an Impact Factor (IF) higher than two and there is an increasing number of journals with IFs higher than one or that are close to this value.

In the event, the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Sue Silver gave a speech on the theme "Scientific journals: raising profiles, prospects and Impact Factors".

With her experience with the implantation of the journal The Lancet Oncology, Sue Silver listed the different measures that enabled her as editor of Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment to index the journal in the WOS in 2003 and to attain an IF of 3.32 by 2005; the current IF is 9.113. This IF is very high for medical journals. The magic formula to achieve this, as described by the Editor-in-Chief, is simply based on a professional organization of the journal, work and dedication at all levels of the editorial process and attaining a high-level of consultancy in the editorial, internal and marketing boards with the goal of deploying a judicious evaluation of the high-level scientific contributions that will be published. Sue Silver cited strategies on how to attract good authors and thus good papers for publication in the Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. With this, the articles started to be cited and as a result there was an exponential increase in the IF as previously mentioned. This apparently trivial measure (that is difficult for some scientific institutions to understand) put Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment in second place of all journals in the area of environmental sciences worldwide. The Ecology Society of American that publishes the pleasant modern looking 'Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment' also publishes several other journals available both in print and on electronic media including with the use of new tools to access issues such as iPad.

Subsequently, in the SciELO/Fapesp meeting, several editors commented on their experiences and it became perfectly clear that indexation by JCR/ISI/Thomson Reuters and obtaining an IF is the Holy Grail of publishing, of scientific production and of the evaluation of researchers, especially in Brazil(2). However, several publications have shown that the IF is not a good instrument to evaluate researchers and even the editor of Science has shown strong doubts in relation to this bibliometric index(2-5).

With all the hype mixed with the excessive patriotism of a large country and of an emerging country expressed in the event, the Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia has learned and followed the strategies of specialty journals that are less favored by funding agencies and by CAPES(7). Even with the difficulties of a scientific journal that relies on its own finances, it is necessary to learn from the lessons of this and previous events: to overcome barriers, organize the journal's structure, to prepare a fearless and dedicated editorial staff, to expand the editorial board with international members, to start to publish in English and after two years in Lilacs, ExtraMed Scopus and SciELO become indexed in PubMed thereby giving definitive and international visibility to articles(8-11). We consider this moment in the history of the journal to be an extremely special, but emblematic, one as achieving indexation in PubMed should just be considered another step in the evolution of the journal, a step that gives a greater degree of responsibility to the hematology and transfusion medicine community as a whole. We have an obligation to maintain the scientific journal and modernize it in order to adapt it for the culture shock that has already arrived with developments in electronic media and new manners to access and divulge journals.

We are only at the start.


At domestic and abroad, there were many discoveries and solutions for the yaw noise source of wind turbines, but there were few practical analysis and prevention measures. For the problem, based on the modern theory of solid friction, how to change the viscous tangential force and the plowing force by the factors such as the unparallel frictional surfaces, the lack of lubricating oil or grease, the value of yaw damping, and the damage of gear teeth in the engineering application. And then, the underlying causes of yaw noise are analyzed. The noise prevention measures are proposed, such as the selection of the adjusting bolts, the design of the oil guiding groove, the elimination of the dangerous gap during the installation process, and the maintenance matters. So the noise is eliminated in the bud. According to the operation effect, wind turbines of implementing preventive measures have not experienced yaw noise failure.


To understand the molecular structure and pathogenesis mechanism of Korean garlic viruses, we have isolated cDNA clones for garlic viruses. The partial nucleotide sequences of 24 cDNA clones were determined and those of five clones containing poly(A) tail were compared with sequences of other plant viruses. One of these clones, V9, has a primary structure similar to the carlavirus group, suggesting that the clone V9 derived from a part of garlic latent virus (GLV). Northern blot analysis with the clone V9 as a probe demonstrated that GLV genome is 8.5 knt long and has a poly(A) tail. The clone V9 encodes coat protein (CP) of 33 kDa and nucleic acid binding protein of 10 kDa in different reading frame. The hexanucleotide motif, 5'-ACCUAA, which is conserved in the 3' noncoding region arid was proposed to be a cis-acting element involved in the production of negative strand genomic RNA was noticed. Complementary sequence to the hexanucleotide motif, 5'-TTAGGT, is also found in the positive strand of V9 RNA. The putative CP gene was cloned into the pRSET-A expression vector and expressed in E. coli BL21. The expressed recombinant V9CP protein was purified by NTA affinity chromatography. The anti-V9CP antibody recognizes 34 kDa polypeptide which could be CP of GLV in infected garlic leaf extract. Immunoblot and Northern blot analysis of various cultivars shows wide occurrence of GLV in Korean garlic plants.


Dr Mitchell ([2006][1]) suggests that it may be pertinent to re-examine another commonly quoted recommendation - that an antidepressant trial must be at least 6 to 8 weeks before switching drugs. The evidence on which switch guidelines are based is weak but these guidelines are applied frequently in


Abstract Fifty randomly selected consumer house-holds evaluated the flavor of homogenized, standardized whole milk pasteurized for 17 sec at 72.2, 75.6, 78.9, 82.2, or 85.6 C. As a group, the consumers preferred the flavor of milk pasteurized at 78.9 C over that processed at the lower or higher temperatures. The tendency to note differences in flavor of milk processed at various temperatures appeared to increase with increasing age of the respondent. Those over 19 years of age exhibited the strongest preference for milk pasteurized at 78.9 C versus the other temperatures used. Children under 13 years of age were least discriminating in evaluating cooked flavor of milk. The intensity of the cooked flavor in milk stored at 1.7-4.4 C decreased within a few days after processing.


Indoor positioning using visible light has attracted great attentions in the world. The reported indoor positioning schemes based on visible light are limited by installing multiple LED lamps in the environments. In order to overcome this limitation, we propose a novel indoor positioning system using only one LED lamp, in which a smartphone is used to be receiver to estimate the three-dimension (3-D) position by using the received-signal-strength (RSS) and angle-of-arrival (AOA) positioning algorithm. The proposed system is demonstrated by experiment and the results show that ~10.2-cm average positioning error is achieved in a 2 m × 2 m × 2.5 m indoor environment.


The German distance learning university uses the web-based collaborative learning platform CURE to support different collaborative learning scenarios, e.g. collaborative exercises or virtual seminars. During these scenarios students form learning groups upon teacher's request and collaborate on a common task. But as soon as the given tasks are accomplished, in most times the collaboration stagnates and finally stops. In this paper, we report on extensions to CURE that were designed to foster shared knowledge construction and allow learning in a entertaining way. These extensions were developed in a participatory process with the students. To enable the students to design and develop these extensions, we used patterns for computer-mediated interaction. In our opinion, these entertaining extensions will lead to a higher degree of interaction between the students which leads to a shared knowledge and finally a learning community. Povzetek: Opisan je dodatek pri platformi CURE za sodelovalno učenje.