The bremsstrahlung of relativistic electrons in a plasma in a strong magnetic field is considered, with effects of dynamic screening and of a new mechanism of transition bremsstrahlung (A. V. Akopyan and V. N. Tsytovich, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 71, 166 (1976) (Sov. Phys. JETP 44, 87 (1977)) taken into account. It is shown that in a strong magnetic field the effects of dynamic screening strongly diminish the intensity of ordinary bremsstrahlung at high frequencies ..omega..<..omega../sub m/ax; here ..omega../sub m/ax= 2delta/sup 2/..omega.., where ..omega..=..omega../sub p/ec/v/sub T/e, ..omega../sub p/e is the electronic plasma frequency, delta/=epsilon/m/sub e/c72, epsilon is the energy of the relativistic electron, and v/sub Te/ is the mean thermal velocity of the plasma electrons (v/sub T/every-much-less-thanc). The angular distribution of the bremsstrahlung spectral intensity and the total intensity are studied in detail, both for the usual bremsstrahlung mechanism and for transition bremsstrahlung.


Chitin is a cost-efficient and nontoxic biopolymer with potential for use in heavy metal chelation from industrial wastewater. In this study we report the binding strength of chitin and the common water contaminants mercury, copper, iron, nickel, chromium, lead, zinc, cadmium, silver, and cobalt. We have found that the strongest binding takes place with mercury and weakest with cobalt with binding constants of 1.16·105 M−1 and 3.96·103 M−1, respectively. We observed that the formal charge state of the heavy metal inversely affects the binding strength. The divalent metal cation−chitin interactions are all enthalpically driven binding reactions. These results serve to benchmark industrial wastewater treatment by chitin chelation.


The article deals with the lingua-geographic study of the lexical dialectology of the Kazakhs inhabiting the Kungrad area of Karakalpakstan. The problem of study of various dialects of the Kazakh language in the lingua-geographic aspect is still the most current one. This circumstance allows the researchers to admit a big significance of study of the lexical dialectology of the Kazakhs inhabiting the Kungrad area by the lingua-geographic method.
Dialectical phenomena are linguistic phenomena caused by the development of folklore. There is a historical secret to the emergence of such language difference in the language of the Kazakhs living in each region. For example, if we get a dialectic difference in the language of the Kazakhs living in the karakalpak land, many of them also come to the fore in the karakalpak language, and then in the uzbek and turkmen languages. It is not difficult to explain it. Kazakhs living here are associated with the ancient karakalpak, uzbek and turkmen. As a result of many years of language dialogue, the kazakh language of this region was translated into many languages. These words are completly absorbed in the language they speak. It is known that our literary language develops on the basis of the national language.


In the aftermath of September 1 1 , the United States is once again making allies of countries that violate human rights as it did during the Cold War this time in the name of fighting terror. But in so doing, Washington ignores the crucial tie between human rights and U.S. security interests. As human rights advocates point out, countries that consistently violate human rights are frequently less stable and more of a threat to peace than countries where rights are protected. When citizens cannot express their opinions, when they experience arbitrary treatment at the hands of an unjust legal system, when they lack basic opportunities for political participation, opposition is more likely to erupt in violent fashion. Repression may appear on the surface to be an effective method of maintaining stability, but it is just as likely to promote instability. Since September 1 1 , the five culturally Islamic former Soviet republics of Central Asia Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan have emerged as important partners in the struggle against terrorism, despite records of serious human rights abuses. Yet in setting aside concerns about human rights generally, the United States is jeopardizing the support of a key group that could aid its anti terrorism efforts in these countries:


This work supported by the United States of Energy, continues to add data on the health affects of cigarette smoking and radon exposure on uranium miners. Since the last Technical Progress Report in July or 1991, 537 sputum cytology samples have been collected on the 300 uranium workers in the surveillance study. To date there are 436 lung cancer cases in the Uranium Miner Tumor Registry with diagnostic slides from surgery and/or autopsy; an additional 40 cases have been diagnosed with sputum cytology only. In March of 1991 the Geno Saccomanno Uranium Workers Archive was established at St. Mary`s Hospital and Medical Center as a depository for biological specimens and epidemiological data from the 17,700 uranium miners who have been a part or the study.


The transport properties of a single crystal of La{sub 1.2}Ca{sub 1.8}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} with the layered Sr{sub 3}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}-type perovskite structure have been studied under hydrostatic pressures of up to {approximately}9 kbar. It is found that La{sub 1.2}Ca{sub 1.8}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} undergoes a first-order phase transition from a paramagnetic insulating to a low-temperature ferromagnetic metallic state which is accompanied by a large decrease in the electrical resistivity. At ambient pressure the magnetic phase transition takes place at T{sub c}=242 K and as the external pressure is applied the critical temperature increases linearly at a rate of 1.1 K/kbar. The present results reflect the competition between double and superexchange resulting from two-dimensional Mn-O-Mn networks and can be interpreted in terms of the exchange striction model. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Considered in this paper is a Cauchy problem governed by an elliptic partial differential equation. In the Cauchy problem, one wants to recover the unknown Neumann and Dirichlet data on a part of the boundary from the measured Neumann and Dirichlet data, usually contaminated with noise, on the remaining part of the boundary. The Cauchy problem is an inverse problem with severe ill-posedness. In this paper, a coupled complex boundary method (CCBM), originally proposed in [Cheng XL, Gong RF, Han W, et al. A novel coupled complex boundary method for solving inverse source problems. Inverse Prob. 2014;30:055002], is applied to solve the Cauchy problem stably. With the CCBM, all the data, including the known and unknown ones on the boundary are used in a complex Robin boundary on the whole boundary. As a result, the Cauchy problem is transferred into a complex Robin boundary problem of finding the unknown data such that the imaginary part of the solution equals zero in the domain. Then the Tikhonov regularization is applied to the resulting new formulation. Some theoretical analysis is performed on the CCBM-based Tikhonov regularization framework. Moreover, through the adjoint technique, a simple solver is proposed to compute the regularized solution. The finite-element method is used for the discretization. Numerical results are given to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.


Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-J.W., Y.-W.H., C.-L.G., W.-N.J., G.-Y.J.); School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China (H.W., L.J.); Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (G.-Y.J.); and Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan (G.Y.J.)


Objective To explore the curative efficacy of nasal jejunal tube enteral nutrition(EN) for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods We divided patients randomly into two groups:a treatment group that was given jejunal nutrition and a control group that was given intravenous parenteral nutrition,and the two groups were compared after treatment in body weight,albumin, hemoglobin,time that serum amylase returned to normal,days of hospital stay and hospitalization costs and the statistical analysis was made.Results After treatment,the body weight,albumin and hemoglobin were significantly higher than those of the control group.The serum amylase recoverytime and hospitalization costs were significantlyless,average days ofhospital staywere fewer,and the incidence of complications and the infection rate were lower compared with the control group.The statistical analysis showed significant difference(sP0.05).Conclusion Early jejunal nutrition support is safe and feasible and more effective compared with parenteral nutrition,worthy to be popularized.


The underground coal-gasification program of the U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center in the Pittsburgh coal seam near Pricetown, West Virginia, involved environmental monitoring before, during, and after ignition of the coal seam. The retention of pollutants in surrounding strata during migration was studied in order to predict transport of pollutants away from the burn area. The distribution coefficients for various pollutants were estimated. The shales surrounding the site coal were essentially impermeable, with no fracture zones so that the major route for pollutant migration at this site was the intact coal surrounding the burn area. Phenol, cyanide, and total organic carbon in simulated burn cavity water were taken up by a mixture of seam coals, but approx. 10% of the total organic carbon was nonadsorbable; ammonia traveled a longer distance, and sulfate was actually desorbed from the coal.


A variable gravel compaction pile method is provided to improve shear strength and supporting force and prevent side displacement by forming a composite ground. A variable gravel compaction pile comprises: a step of penetrating a casing pipe(2) into underground by operating a vibratory hammer(1); a step of supplying gravel within the casing pipe through a hopper(3); a step of drawing the casing pipe as fixed length and ejecting the gravel to the casing pipe bottom; a step of hardening the gravel post by compacting the gravel ejected by penetrating the casing pipe as the fixed length again; and a step of forming the gravel compaction pile of the diameter which is identical to the fixed depth.


PURPOSE: To actualize the bootstrap circuit which drives a power MOS transistor(TR) with high-potential side constitution wherein the power MOS TR is able to operate with a low-level supply voltage when operating at a high switching frequency. CONSTITUTION: The bootstrap circuit for the power MOS TR of the high- potential side driving constitution includes a 1st capacitor C1 which can be charged to a 1st voltage level of the supply voltage of the power TR T1. A 2nd capacitor C2 is provided in combination with the 1st capacitor C1 so that a 1st voltage and a 2nd voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the power TR T1 can be used. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


This research aims to observe the settlement of puerulus lobster larvae in the waters of  Awang Bay in relation to the spatial and temporal fluctuations in aquatic environmental conditions. This research was conducted from August to October 2020 in the waters of Awang Bay, Lombok Island. The main data collected in this study is puerulus settlement,while the supporting data are physical, chemical and biological parameters of the waters. Observations of the aquatic environment are carried out in-situ, namely direct measurements in the field and analysis of satellite images. The collected data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the distribution of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a in the waters of Awang Bay and its surroundings based on satellite imagery during August to October ranged from 25-32 °C and 0.1370 - 2.3532 mg/m3 respectively. Warm temperatures and chlorophyll-a are concentrated in coastal areas and are decreasing towards the offshore direction. The nine environmental parameters studied contained two parameters that significantly influenced individually on puerulus lobster settlement, namely the abundance of plankton and temperature. Meanwhile, brightness, current velocity, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, phosphate and nitrate had no significant effect. The significant relationship between plankton abundance and temperature and puerulus lobster settlement was due to plankton being the main food for larvae, and the sea water temperature was still relatively stable so that lobster seeds still survived and could support puerulus lobster settlement.


An 11-month-old Holstein heifer was presented to the Western College of Veterinary Medicine for evalua tion of precocious lactation associated with a palpably enlarged right ovary. Ultrasound examination of the ovaries revealed a 6 inch (15 cm) diameter right ovary with a multilobulated appearance, and a small left ovary measuring 0.6 inches (1.6 cm) long by 0.3 inches (0.8 cm) wide. The mammary secretion was consistent with milk: fat - 3.07%, protein - 4. 78%, and lactose - 1.07% with a somatic cell count of 4.8 xl0 6/ mL. Prior to re moval of the right ovary by right flank laparotomy, se rum hormone levels were measured: testosterone (0.01 ng/mL), estradiol-17~ (9.1 pg/mL), progesterone (0.2 ng/ mL), prolactin (5.8 ng/mL), luteinizing hormone (0.14 ng/mL) and follicle stimulating hormone (0.32 ng/mL). Gross examination revealed that the right ovary weighed 7 .34 oz (208 g) and was composed of numerous cysts (0.2 - 1.6 inches [0.5 - 4 cm] in diameter) containing fluid or blood. Microscopically


We prove an analog of the loop theorem for an arbitrary noncompact 3-manifold. In particular, we show that the existence of a " nontrivial" proper map of a plane into a 3-manifold implies the existence of a nearby nontrivial embedding of a plane into the 3-manifold. Introduction. In [2] we showed that if M is an eventually end-irreducible 3-manifold and /: R2 -» M is a proper essential map, then there is a proper essential embedding g: R2 -» M. In this paper we remove the restriction to manifolds which are eventually end-irreducible. This permits us to choose the image of g to lie in a preassigned neighborhood of the image off. This could not be done with the weaker theorem, for even when M is eventually end-irreducible, a regular neighborhood of /(R2) need not be. We also extend the theorem in another direction; roughly, we show that if a normal subgroup of the fundamental group of the complement of a compact set in M is given and large loops around the origin in R2 are mapped by / to homotopy classes not in the subgroup, then g can be chosen to have the same property. The proof of the main theorem, (2.2), parallels that of [2]. At one point, [2] makes major use of the eventually end-irreducible hypothesis. In this paper we prove Lemma (2.1) to substitute where eventually end-irreducible was used before. We believe the technique used in Lemma (2.1) is new. We expect it to be generally applicable to 3-manifolds which are not eventually end-irreducible. 1. Notational conventions and a preliminary lemma. We work in the category of simplicial complexes and piecewise linear maps. A map/: X -» Y is proper if f'l(C) is compact for every compact C c Y. If X c y we use Fr( X) to mean the frontier of A' in y and Cl( X) to mean the closure of X in Y. If M is a manifold, we use aM for the boundary of M. We follow Waldhausen's convention [6] on regular neighborhoods; specifically, if X c Y, choose a triangulation of Y in which all previously mentioned subspaces are subcomplexes, and let U(X) be the simplicial neighborhood of X in the second barycentric subdivision. If M is a 3-manifold, an exhausting sequence for M will be a sequence { M"} of compact 3-manifolds in M with Mn c Mn + X — Fr(M" + 1), Mn O a M a 2-manifold, Received by the editors November 24, 1982 and, in revised form, June 6, 1984. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 57M35. Key worás ana phrases. Proper map, proper embedding, loop theorem, plane. ©1985 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/85 $1.00 + $.25 per page


This paper provides the emulated channel transfer functions for the plane wave synthesis (PWS) and the prefaded signals synthesis (PFS) in 3D multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC) setups. Furthermore, the emulated spatial correlation functions (SCFs) for the two methods are deduced according to the respective channel transfer functions. The expressions derived in this paper are applicable for any spherical power spectrum. The target channel model utilized in this paper is 3D geometry-based stochastic channel models. The accuracies of the 3D emulated channel models with PWS and PFS in terms of the root mean square (rms) of the SCF error under different 3D channel settings are investigated. Some new conclusions about the two methods are obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that PWS proceeds PFS for most channel settings in 3D MPAC setups. Especially when the mean zenith angle of arrival of the cluster is not from the horizontal plane, PWS provides more accurate results. In addition, the relationship between the emulation accuracy and the zenith angle spread of arrival of the cluster is different from that between the emulation accuracy and the azimuth angle spread of arrival of the cluster.


The sediments of the Ordovician‐Silurian succession of west Wales are interpreted as turbiditic sands with associated pelagic and hemi‐pelagic mudstones. The strata contain a trace fossil assemblage consisting of fifteen ichnogenera, namely: Chondrites, Circulichnis, Cochlichnus, Cosmorhaphe, Desmograpton, Gordia, Helminthoida, Helminthopsis, Neonereites, Nereites, Paleodictyon, Palaeophycus, Planolites, Protopaleodictyon and Spirophycus. The ichnofaunal assemblage is typical of the Nereites ichnofacies. Twenty three ichno‐species are described, two of which (Helminthoida granulata, Palaeophycus serratus) are new. Turbiditic sands contain the most abundant and diverse ichnoassemblages, a reflection of favorable environmental conditions for habitation by benthic organisms. Both the turbiditic mudstones and anoxic hemipelagites contain just two ichno‐species, namely Chondrites ichnosp. and Planolites montanus both of which are common, albeit less so in the latter facies. The effects of preservation potentia...


Some type class instances can be automatically derived from the structure of types. As a result, the Haskell language includes the "deriving" mechanism to automatic generates such instances for a small number of built-in type classes. In this paper, we present RepLib, a GHC library that enables a similar mechanism for arbitrary type classes. Users of RepLib can define the relationship between the structure of a datatype and the associated instance declaration by a normal Haskell functions that pattern-matches a representation type. Furthermore, operations defined in this manner are extensible-instances for specific types not defined by type structure may also be incorporated. Finally, this library also supports the definition of operations defined by parameterized types.


Background: The treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has been a challenge for many hematologists and clinicians. Since the development of thrombopoietin (TPO) in 1994 there has been a new surge of research attempting to boost the platelet production potential in patients affected by this disorder. This new attempt is headed by TPO agonist medications, one of them being romiplostim. Methods: An exhaustive search for studies analyzing the efficacy and safety of romiplostim in the treatment of chronic ITP was conducted. Studies must have had patients with a mean platelet count of 30 x 109/L and were otherwise medically uncompromised. Results: Four studies were selected; two randomized control studies and two cohort studies were selected. Study A had two phases in their study. Phase I revealed that the target goal was not reached in all but one of the patients who received lower dose group (doses less than 1μg/kg). In Phase II 16 patients evaluated in the 1 and 3 μg/kg cohorts, 10 had reached the target range while 2, who were from the 3 μg/kg cohort, had even exceeded this range. Study Bdemonstrated that the overall platelet response was 79% (33/42) in splenectomized patients and 88% (36/41) in non-splenectomized patients receiving romiplostim. Study C determined that the most effective way to achieve the target platelet response was to convert the dosage based on patient weight. The researchers in Study D determined that the best starting dose of romiplostim in a phase III trial for Japanese adults with chronic ITP was 3 μg/kg. Conclusion: The new addition of romiplostim in the treatment of chronic ITP in these studies were effective in raising platelet counts while having only mild to moderate side effects in the majority of the patients. Serious adverse events were not attributed to the use of romiplostim. Degree Type Capstone Project Rights Terms of use for work posted in CommonKnowledge. This capstone project is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/pa/191 Copyright and terms of use If you have downloaded this document directly from the web or from CommonKnowledge, see the "Rights" section on the previous page for the terms of use. If you have received this document through an interlibrary loan/document delivery service, the following terms of use apply: Copyright in this work is held by the author(s). You may download or print any portion of this document for personal use only, or for any use that is allowed by fair use (Title 17, §107 U.S.C.). Except for personal or fair use, you or your borrowing library may not reproduce, remix, republish, post, transmit, or distribute this document, or any portion thereof, without the permission of the copyright owner. [Note: If this document is licensed under a Creative Commons license (see "Rights" on the previous page) which allows broader usage rights, your use is governed by the terms of that license.] Inquiries regarding further use of these materials should be addressed to: CommonKnowledge Rights, Pacific University Library, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, (503) 352-7209. Email inquiries may be directed to:. email@example.com This capstone project is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/pa/191 NOTICE TO READERS This work is not a peer-reviewed publication. The Master's Candidate author of this work has made every effort to provide accurate information and to rely on authoritative sources in the completion of this work. However, neither the author nor the faculty advisor(s) warrants the completeness, accuracy or usefulness of the information provided in this work. This work should not be considered authoritative or comprehensive in and of itself and the author and advisor(s) disclaim all responsibility for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Knowledge and practice change constantly, and readers are advised to confirm the information found in this work with other more current and/or comprehensive sources. The student author attests that this work is completely his/her original authorship and that no material in this work has been plagiarized, fabricated or incorrectly attributed.


The access to healthy environment is recognized as a fundamental right by the Argentine Constitution. However, the application of this right was part of a public debate in the "Riachuelo-La Matanza" trial. On 2004, a group of 17 social workers and neighbours of an emergency settlement near the Riachuelo river sued the government and industries for environmental damages. This trial was a turning point of environment legislation and a model for other demands. The history of the Riachuelo river's pollution was part of a long process of economic and social degradation, and practically no State control in industrial activities. After two years of hearings and studies of water qualities and health conditions, the Supreme Court considered the public responsibility into the access to a healthy environment and set the Federal State as guarantor of the river. The ruling in 2008 ordered a plan to sanitize the water and the riverbanks. In order to have a complete picture of the case, this paper examined the history of the Riachuelo's pollution, the strategies and the networks between the neighbours and debates on liability during the hearings. The Court ruling in 2008 is considered the most important precedent of environmental claims in Argentina.


This paper attempts to conceptualise some of the thoughts that are emerging in the area of corporate networking. While some research has been done in this area in the advanced western countries, nothing so far has happened in India. The purpose of this paper is to put our thoughts together to raise research issues. Networking has been discussed in several social sciences areas, but not much in the management discipline. Some recent research findings indicate that corporations derive strategic advantage not only by competition but also by cooperation. Such cooperative networking can be either for survival purposes or for deriving strategic advantage. There can be different types of networking such as formal-informal networking, primary-secondary networking and industry-institutional networking. The nature of strategic networking indicates that it has to be dynamic undergoing changes over a period of time. Such changes are influenced by a number of factors including the stage of the organization and its products on the respective life-cycles.


The present study sought to examine the use of grammar learning strategies of Korean college students in two aspects. First, it explored the relationship between learner background factors and their use of grammar learning strategies. Second, it investigated to what extent the learners' use of grammar learning strategies would predict their grammatical knowledge and whether it would have different effects on their grammatical knowledge measured by two grammar tests with a differing level of vocabulary and readability. To this end, 107 Korean college students were asked to complete a grammar learning strategy questionnaire and take the two grammar tests. The results show that the learners reported using more explicit discovery strategies and more implicit strategies over explicit consolidation strategies, and that higher grade students reported more uses of grammar strategies than did lower grade students. Furthermore, the use of explicit discovery strategies was found to positively predict the scores of grammar tests with a lower level of vocabulary and readability. On the other hand, the results suggest that the use of implicit strategies would predict grammatical knowledge measured by the grammar test loaded with difficult vocabulary and higher readability. Theoretical, methodological and pedagogical implications are discussed.


A new species of the amphipod family Phoxocephalidae Sars, 1895, Pseudharpinia tupinamba sp. nov., is described from southeastern Brazilian continental shelf. The new species is closely related to the type-species of the genus, P. dentata Schellenberg, 1931 described from Magellan Province, and was misidentified as the latter species by some authors in the past. Pseudharpinia tupinamba sp. nov. differs from P. dentata by the number of articles in the accessory flagellum of antenna 1, ratio of length and width of the propodus of pereopod 6, size of the posteroventral lobe of the basis of pereopod 7, presence of slender setae in posterior margin of epimeral plate 3, presence of a corona of cuticular spines in dorsodistal margin of peduncle of uropod 2, ratio of length of the inner ramus and the first article of outer ramus of uropod 3, ratio of length and width of the telson, and presence of slender setae on the lateral margins of telson. The new described species is the unique of this genus known from the Brazilian continental shelf.


The organic compounds (L1–L7) have been synthesized by microwave and investigated by different physicochemical techniques. The resulting of the ligands were characterized by FTIR, UV/visible electronic spectra. The Schiff base may be acts as bidentate, tridentate or teradentate ligand, coordinated through deprotonated oxygen or/and azomethine nitrogen atom. The ligands were assayed for antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative), using paper disc method and placing the ligands on surface at nutrient agar. The results show that the L2 and L3 have higher activities rather than other in both lower and higher concentrations against both kind of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. Introduction Azomethine group (–C=N–) containing compounds typically known as Schiff bases have been synthesized by the condensation of primary amines with active carbonyls. Schiff bases form a significant class of compounds in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry with several biological applications that include antibacterial [1–2], antifungal, and antitumor activity [3,4], also have uses as liquid crystals, and in analytical [2,3], medicinal [4], and polymer chemistry [5]. They have been studied extensively as a class of ligands [6]. The literature reveals that the Schiff base ligands are excellent coordinating ligands through the azomethine nitrogen atom [7]. The study of mixed ligands formation were relevant in the field of analytical chemistry, where the use of mixed ligand allows the development of methods with increased selectivity, sensitivity and has also great important in the field of biological and environment chemistry [8]. The pharmacological activities have been found to be highly dependent on the nature of the donor sequence of the ligands, different ligand shows different biological properties, though they may vary only slightly in their molecular structure [9]. Conventionally Schiff bases have been prepared by refluxing mixtures of the amine and the carbonyl compound in an organic solvent, for example, ethanol or methanol [6], In general, ketones react more slowly than aldehydes and higher temperatures and longer reaction times are often required as a result [10]. In addition, the equilibrium must often be shifted, usually by removal of the water, either azeotropically by distillation or with suitable drying agents [11]. In recent years, environmentally benign synthetic methods have received considerable attention and some solvent–free protocols have been developed [12]. Grinding together solid anilines and solid benzaldehydes yielded various kinds of benzylidene anilines [13]. The synthesis of imines by condensation of 2, 4, 6– trihydro–xyacetophenone with amine derivatives under solvent free conditions [14]. Based on these facts, we decided to synthesize some Schiff bases derivative from primary amine derivatives and carbonyl derivatives in microwave irradiation and elucidate their biological activity on some pathogenic bacteria. Chemicals and Instrumentals 1. Chemicals: All chemicals and solvents used were analytical grade from Merck Company and BDH Company. O–phenylenediamine,p–phenylenediamine, 4–amino 3–hydroxy naphthylsulfunic acid, 4–aminoantipyrine, butanoxim edione, benzyl hydroxide, 2,4,6– trihydroxyacetophenone, binzil, 2–hydroxy– 1,2–diphenylethyl 2–one, ethanol absolute. Rashed Taleb Rasheed 11 2. Instrumentals: Ceramic mortar–China, Micro–wave Oven Russell hobbs 850 watt–China, Melting point– Gallenkamp M.F.B–600 F melting point apparatus, FTIR spectra using FTIR–8400S Shimadzu in the range of 4000–400 cm, UV/VIS–1650 PC Shimadzu spectrophotometer, at wavelength (200–1100) nm. Methods Preparation of Schiff base ligands. The ligands were mixed from starting materials in ceramic mortar for 6 minutes according to following weights: 1. L1 was prepared by mixed 0.25 g of 2,4,6–trihydroxy–acetophe–none and 0.08 g of o–phenylenediamine, then placed in a microwave for 2 minutes. 2. L2 was prepared by mixed 0.25 g of 2, 4, 6–trihydroxy–acetophenone and 0.08 g of p–phenylenediamine, then placed in a microwave for 2 minutes. 3. L3 was prepared by mixed 0.25 g of 2– hydroxy–1,2–diphenyl ethyl 2–one and 0.06 g of hydrazine dihydrochlide, then placed in amicrowave for 25 minutes. 4. L4 was prepared by mixed 0.25 g of binzil and 0.13 g of hydrazine dihydrochlide, and then placed in a microwave for 2 minutes. 5. L5 was prepared by mixed 0.13 g of o– phenylenediamine and 0.25 g of butanoximedione, then placed in a micro–wave for 2 minutes. 6. L6 was prepared by mixed 0.13 g of p– phenylenediamine and 0.25 g of butanoximedione, then placed in a microwave for 2 minutes. 7. L7 was prepared by mixed 0.56 g of 4– amino3–hydro–xynaphthyl–sulfunic acid and 0.25 g of butanoximedione, then placed in a microwave for 25 minutes. All products were wash with 1:1 (ethanol: ether) and crystalllized from ethanol and dried at 70 °C. Results and Discussion In this paper, we describe the synthesis of Schiff base was formed in good yield; the organic compound is stable at room temperature and is nonhygroscopic. The ligands (L1–L7) were synthesized by the reaction between the carbonyl derivates and primary amine derivates under microwave irradiation. The results of this study are summarized in Table (1). The Schiff base compounds were identified by FTIR spectra in the range (4000–400) cm. All organic compounds have broad peak around (3280– 3300) cm, this due to O–H bond stretching [15], While the bands around (1602– 1681) cm, relate to C=N stretching (Schiff base bond) [16], the absorption bands at (1514–1600 cm) corresponding to (C=C) of benzene ring [17,18]. UV/visible–spectra of Schiff base organic compounds exhibited three absorption bands between (207–258) nm suggesting to the (π–π*) transition of (C=C) benzene ring, absorption bands between (280– 315) nm suggesting to the (π–π*) transitions of azomethine groups (C=N), and absorption bands at (426–461) nm suggesting the presence of (n–π*) [19]. Table (2) shown the FTIR and UV–visible values of the prepared organic compounds. Journal of Al-Nahrain University Vol.18 (3), September, 2015, pp.10-15 Science


The question of the possible existence of exotic electromagnetic currents, and their detection in low energy photoproduction and radiative capture experiments, has been the subject of considerable controversy over the last four years. This has been a consequence of both the fundamental importance of the questions asked, and of the discrepancies between different published experiments. In order to resolve these questions, a series of experiments has recently been carried out at various laboratories, both on the photoproduction and radiative capture reactions. It was the object of this meeting to gather together people involved in these various experiments for an informed discussion of the problems involved, and to form an overall picture of the present situation. We hope the present proceedings accurately reflect such a picture.


It has been found that soil organic carbon (SOC) is very easily oxidized in the oven during analysis through
C/N analyzer. There is no literatures on the relative effects of CaCO3 in the determination of total C in soils. To avoid,
effects, if any, we have developed separate methods for calcareous and non-calcareous soils. It is hoped that, with a
prior knowledge of soil-site, a suitable method can be chosen for both these types of soils to determine C and N in soils


From the humanistic and sociological point of view, the project had several favorable factors, since in the country there is no such inclusion at the health level, if it were to be implemented it will be possible to mark the starting point for the inclusion of the relatives and patients in the same environment. Society and, above all, people with limited economic resources will benefit from the work, without worrying about the lack of money, managing to lead a transitory life full of comfort and in the company of their loved ones. The fundamental support of the design was established based on the main user, the children; creating an interaction of them with the space and at the same time satisfying their needs.
The architectural spaces participate in the perceptive activity of the children in the company of their relatives, they are the first contact with their wishes. The design of the proposal responds to a balance between the application of shapes and colors, the use of forms, but at the same time the architectural object has an appropriate visual image. Also, do not forget that the form will also be linked to the function in a certain way, which will make the project even more enriching………


The theory of Chebyshev approximation with respect to a positive continuous (ordinary) weight function is well understood and the Remez algorithm can be used in most cases of practical interest. The problem of Chebyshev approximation with respect to a non-negative, non-continuous weight function is now under investigation by the author, who would like to hear from any reader having a problem of this type. In return for such information the author will supply the theory and methods developed to date.


In this paper we find an optimal bandwidth allocation policy for integrated video, voice, and data traffic in broadband satellite networks. The policy is based on two movable boundaries among the slots assigned to video, voice, and data users in order to increase bandwidth efficiency. The system operates in a frame format and the channel capacity (bandwidth) is allocated at each frame, depending on the activity characteristics of video and voice traffic as well as the number of data packets in the buffer of gateways. The performance measures evaluated are the packet dropping probability and the throughput of the video and voice traffic, and the delay, packet loss rate, and throughput of data traffic. A Markov decision process (MDP) is employed to solve the optimal capacity allocation problem by minimizing a proposed cost function. A value-iteration algorithm is applied to this MDP. The cost function is defined as the weighted sum of the distortion rate of video traffic, the packet dropping probability of voice traffic, and the unaccessed rate of data traffic in buffer of gateways at each frame time.


Objective To collect the information on weight control behavior among the adolescents of different gender and age in Guangdong province,and to study the relationship between the weight control behavior and self-evaluation of weight in the adolescents.Methods Totally 22 863 students were selected from 21 counties in Guangdong province using multi-stage stratified sampling method and were investigated with a questionnaire.Results Among the students,30.1% considered they were overweight or obesity,but only 6.96% of the students were truly overweight or obesity.There were 63.7% of students having taken activity of losing weight.The prevalence of physical exercise,vegetarian,dieting,fasting,vomiting,and taking diet pills were 54.05%,8.31%,23.45%,1.92%,1.08%,and 1.84%.The prevalence of unhealthy weight control behavior among the girls was higher than among the boys,and higher in vocational school students than in other students.The ratio of the students considering they were overweight was higher in the girls.The prevalence of unhealthy weight control behavior among the students with selfd-rated overweight or obesity was higher than that of other students.Conclusion Adolescents have no clear sense of nutritional conditions about themselves and their self-evaluation of weight significantly affect their weight control behavior.We should enforce the education on health and nutrition knowledge among the students.


We study the l 1 -stability of a Hamiltonian-preserving scheme, developed in [Jin and Wen, Comm. Math. Sci., 3 (2005), 285-315], for the Liouville equation with a discontinuous potential in one space dimension. We prove that, for suitable initial data, the scheme is stable in the l 1 -norm under a hyperbolic CFL condition which is in consistent with the l 1 -convergence results established in [Wen and Jin, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 46 (2008), 2688-2714] for the same scheme. The stability constant is shown to be independent of the computational time. We also provide a counter example to show that for other initial data, in particular, the measure-valued initial data, the numerical solution may become l 1 -unstable.


Wireless sensor networks are the networks consisting of large number of small and tiny sensor nodes. The nodes are supplied with limited power, memory and other resources and perform in-network processing. In this paper, various issues are discussed that actually put the limitations in the well working and the life time of the network. In Wireless sensor network, nodes should consume less power, memory and so data aggregation should be performed. Security is another aspect which should be present in the network. Quality of service, routing, medium access schemes all are considered in designing the protocols.


The objectives of this Classroom Action Research (CAR) were to improve students interest in attending the instructional process of Christian Education through the application of Role Play and learning achievement through Role Play model.
 The reasearch was conducted to all Grade IX students comprising of seven boys and eight girls. CAR was carried out in two cycles, namely (1) Planning, (2) Action, (3) Observation, and (4) Reflection with qualitative approach. The instruments used were : (1) observation sheet, (2) questionnaire, and (3) learning performance evaluation. The data were analysed using the technique of : (1) data reduction, (2) descriptive presentation, and (3) verification or drawing conclusion based on the Minimal Mastery Criteria with the score of 75 in line with the scoring system applied in the Educational Unit Level Curriculum of Bethany Junior High School Medan.
 The initial condition of the students achievement before the conduction of the treatment was 40%, and the results of the analyses show that Role Play model can improve students interest which is in line with the significant improvement in learning achievement i.e. from 53% in Cycle I to 80% in Cycle II.
 The CAR findings is expected to give a valuable input to Christian Education teachers in choosing and developing the instructional model based on the students characterictics and the learning materials should be efficient, effective, interesting, and hamunism by consedering the function, objective, and scope of Christian Education which is very strategic in supporting the transformation at the students environment with noble character, faith, and devotion to God The Almighty.


Every halal industry in the world especially such small-medium enterprise (SMEs) should face a regulation, customers, suppliers, and condition of the halal industry itself before competing with other companies in its country. The small-medium enterprise, which becomes the first and is already aware of halal industry, is the food and beverage companies. The objective of this study is to investigate what the most inhibiting factor for the SMEs in applying halal certification. It combines stakeholder theory and/with resource based theory. This research is an exploratory study using non-probability sampling. The sampling of this study is 396 food and beverage small-medium enterprises in one of the big cities in West Java. The result of this study is known that the most inhibiting factor of the seven factors is employee with factor loading 0.805, and then followed by government. For the future research is suggested that it can investigate the factors in this study in another area and another small-medium enterprises of halal industry such a pharmacy. However, this study has implication in which the stakeholders theory and resource based views can be adopted by the previous research factors and resulted a new factor from the small-medium enterprise's point of view. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


A current hypothesis linking SID to a central nervous system dysfunction due to absence of the EAN prompted the present study.Histological examinations of the brainstem were carried out on 13 term and 3 preterm infants who had suddenly died at home between the third and 29.week of life.The control group consisted of two term infants,age 5 and 9 months who had died due to self-strangulation, two term newborns,age 3 and 18 days,dying from respiratory distress and peritonitis,respectively and in addition of 8 fetuses at 17 to 33 weeks gestational age.Each brainstem was sectioned serially from the caudal pons to the end of the medulla at 6 -8 um intervals. Every fourth section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and in each case 140-160 sections were analyzed. Neurons were counted separately in two areas in which the central chemoreceptors may exist,one located rostrally of the hypoglossus root(field 1),the other medially to the rostral part of the hypoglossus root (field 2).Results were as follows:1)all SID-infants demonstrated the EAN. 2) number of neurons per area decreased with infants growth: by 20 weeks we found 1.390×103/mm2, by birth 73×103/mm2, in SID-infants and in controls 50-30× 103/mm2. 3) cell distribution was irregular, especially in field 2.(Supported by SWISS NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION grant 3.997.82 )


The article presents the methodological approaches that are the basis for updating the geography curriculum of Lithuanian secondary schools/upper secondary (grades 11-12) and gymnasiums (grades III-IV). The aim is to answer the question: how to substantiate and systematically link the trends of geography science and development of didactics, based on the international and Lithuanian educational documents defining today's geographical education? Lithuanian educational and international (charters, declarations) documents are analyzed, which define the modern trends of curriculum renewal and geographical education. The historical development and perspective of geography and its didactics (school geography) are compared. The scatter of areas of educational achievements and competences in individual levels of the comprehensive school is shown.

Keywords: geography, didactics of geography, concepts of geographical knowledge, spaces, educational competencies and achievements.

https://www.lgd.lt/sites/default/files/7_Šarūnas Gerulaitis, Zigmas Kairaitis.pdf


The depth location of tumors is obtained from line scans recorded at various source- detector offsets taking into account the shape of the average photon trajectory. Knowledge of depth facilitates reliable estimation of tumor optical properties.


Soy protein isolate (SPI)-essential oil monomers edible composite films were prepared by casting and solvent evaporation method. Films antibacterial activity and preservation effect on chilled pork were investigated. The results indicated that composite films showed significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas and yeast. And the antimicrobial activity of films containing cinnamaldehyde was the highest. The films containing 6% essential oil monomers had better preservation effect on the meat samples compared with those without package or packed with single SPI edible films.


BRR is the result of our Rietveld structure refinements started from the Brindley and Robinson (1946) model. ZR is the result of our refinements started from the Zvyagin (1960) model, and ZRT is that result transformed to the main BRR cell setting. NRT is the result of our refinement started from the Newham (1961) model of dickite and then transformed to the BRR kaolinite cell.In addition, in the caption of Figure 3, BR should read BRR. The authors regret the inconvenience to the readers.


Porirua Harbour is located on the south-western coast of the North Island of New Zealand, north of Wellington. The harbour contains two arms, Onepoto Arm to the south and Pauatahanui Inlet to the northeast. Pauatahanui Inlet contains an environmentally sensitive wetland area. The current high sedimentation rates within Porirua Harbour are concerning to local authorities and the local community. A new motorway, known as the Transmission Gully Motorway, has been proposed by the New Zealand Transit Agency, to alleviate traffic congestion and provide a more robust access to Wellington in the event of a major emergency. Some rivers and streams within the catchments of certain sections of the proposed motorway discharge into Porirua Harbour. A study was commissioned to assess the impact of construction works on the sedimentation rates and patterns within the harbour. Terrestrial sediment loads were provided for specified rainfall events for both existing and construction situations. To predict the fate of sediment discharged into Porirua Harbour for these specified rainfall events with different predominant wind conditions, DHI developed a sediment transport model. The model was validated with data from an extensive data collection campaign, with a reasonable agreement between observations and predictions obtained. Predictions from the model were utilised by ecologists to predict the effects of the additional sediment loads on the ecology within the harbour. Porirua City Council commissioned a study utilising the existing sediment transport model to investigate whether dredging sand from the flood tide delta within Pauatahanui Inlet will encourage the flushing of silt/clay from terrestrial sources out of the harbour. This paper shows a good example of successful collaboration across Agencies/Territorial Authorities and provides a successful example where a numerical model is used for multiple parties and studies.


Nuclear power plants in Korea were designed and evaluated based on the NRC's Regulatory Guide 1.60, a design response spectrum for nuclear power plants. However, it can be seen that the seismic motion characteristics are different when analyzing the Gyeongju earthquake and the Pohang earthquake that has recently occurred in Korea. Compared to the design response spectrum, seismic motion characteristics in Korea have a larger spectral acceleration in the high-frequency region. Therefore, in the case of equipment with a high natural frequency installed in a nuclear power plant, seismic performance may be reduced by reflecting the characteristics of domestic seismic motions. The failure modes of the equipment are typically structural failure and functional failure, with an anchorage failure being a representative type of structural failure. In this study, comparative analyses were performed to decide whether to consider the inelastic behavior of the anchorage or not. As a result, it was confirmed that the seismic performance of the anchorages could be increased by considering the inelastic behavior of an anchorage.


story is that Medea delayed her father, who was pursuing them, by chopping her brother up and throwing his body overboard. The return trip was also filled with many amazing adventures for the Argonauts. After defeating King Pelias in lolcus, Jason and Medea married and fled to CORINTH. The later history of Jason and Medea is the subject of EURIPIDES' famous tragedy, Medea. (See also Heroes, Greek; Myths, Greek; Myths, Roman.)


In the search for new antimalarials, we used the quinone scaffold of marine secondary metabolites as a chemical starting point to synthesize new thiazinoquinone compounds. Most of synthetic derivatives have shown a significant pharmacological activity and some structural requirements, critical for both the antiplasmodial effect and cytotoxicity, have been evidenced. The redox properties of the prepared compounds have been investigated by computational studies and electrochemical assays, which indicated that a higher antiplasmodial activity of some thiazinoquinones is related to their greater ability to form the semiquinone species and strongly interact with free Fe(III)-protoporphyrin IX.


Efficient massive/ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection algorithms with satisfactory performance and low complexity are critical to meet the high throughput and ultra-low latency requirements in 5G and beyond communications, given the extremely large number of antennas. In this paper, we propose a low complexity graph neural network (GNN) enhanced approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm, AMP-GNN, for massive/ultra-massive MIMO detection. The structure of the neural network is customized by unfolding the AMP algorithm and introducing the GNN module for multiuser interference cancellation. Numerical results will show that the proposed AMP-GNN significantly improves the performance of the AMP detector and achieves comparable performance as the state-of-the-art deep learning-based MIMO detectors but with reduced computational complexity. Furthermore, it presents strong robustness to the change of the number of users.


Compared with single-layer satellite network, multi-layer satellite network integrates the advantages of different orbit satellites, including flexible networking, diversified functions and strong damage resistance. In this paper, a multi-orbit satellite formation networking method is designed to solve the problem of limited earth observation time of a single satellite and the construction of two-layer satellite networking is completed. Firstly, a networking method is designed to allow multiple satellites to form satellite formations in multiple orbits to realize earth observation in a coordinated manner. Then STK software is used to simulate that the proposed multi-orbit satellite formation networking method can adaptively adapt to the topological dynamic changes, so as to improve the observation time and coverage performance.


This paper investigates the growth of an informal settlement in Lagos, Nigeria over a period of ten years. Major issues considered include basic socio-economic attributes as well as the quality of housing facilities and basic infrastructure. The research adopted systematic random sampling of 390 household heads in Ajegunle in 1998, 2002 and 2008 respectively. The responses over the three periods were collated in order to develop a trend pattern and these were further analysed alongside the specific targets outlined in the MDGs 1 and 7. The study revealed that poverty level of the respondents had grown worse over the study period. Average monthly incomes were significantly lower than the national minimum wage for each of the study periods. The contentious issue of security of tenure was quite evident and reflected in unwillingness by respondents to improve their environmental conditions. Housing tenure ship was mainly tenancy with 93% living in rented apartments in 1998. This figure fell to 60% in 2002 and rose considerably to 83% in 2008 thereby corroborating literature study of the prevalence of absentee landlords in squatter settlements. The paper concludes by suggesting a pragmatic and efficient campaign aimed at tackling poverty and environmental degradation towards meeting the specific targets of the Millennium Development Goals in the study area. Keywords: Poverty, Millennium Development Goals, Environmental Conditions, Urban Regeneration


When Anabaena cylindrica Lemm. was resuspended in fresh medium nearly 7% of the cellular fixed nitrogen was excreted in the first 2 h. According to 15N-labelling patterns, only 2% of the combined nitrogen that appeared in the extracellular fraction during the first half-hour had been fixed during that period. In longer term experiments it was found that fixed nitrogen which had spent in excess of 9 days in the cells was excreted. This indicates a slow rate of turnover of nitrogen compounds in the cells and a considerable delay between the processes of nitrogen fixation and subsequent excretion. The possibility that some freshly fixed substances are excreted and then rapidly reabsorbed is not precluded but cannot be readily demonstrated by the 15N technique used here. When the alga was grown in the filtrate of a culture maintained for 12 days under an atmosphere of 15N-labelled N2, only 4–5% of the labelled extracellular nitrogen was taken up. However, the fungus Penicillium frequentans, isolated from a co...


On complete metric spaces that support doubling measures, we show that the validity of a Rademacher theorem for Lipschitz functions can be characterised by Keith's "Lip-lip" condition. Roughly speaking, this means that at almost every point, the infinitesmal behavior of every Lipschitz function is essentially independent of the scales used in the blow-up at that point. Moreover, the doubling property can be further weakened to a local hypothesis on the measure; we also present results in this direction.
Our techniques of proof are new and may be of independent interest. They include an explicit use of coordinate charts for measurable differentiable structures, as well as a blow-up procedure on Euclidean spaces that preserves Weaver derivations.


The study on XR's; a superset of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR), headsets was found to be sporadic and decentralized especially with regards to studies on the hardware of the virtual environment system. However, as the interest on artificial reality such as XR is increasingly on the rise, there is lack of study and consensus on the hardware aspect of XR. This is especially true in terms of the usability of XR's hardware. The paper aims to identify the major properties of the hardware design factors of XR's HMD that affects the usability in the virtual environment. Conducting a systematic review, this paper applied an adjusted Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) review protocol. 7 scientific and engineering related journal databases were selected to collect research papers. The collection of research papers used keyword combinations of "reality", "head mounted display", and "usability". The papers were collected from the period year of 2000 till 2018. From the databases a total of 2,136 articles were collected first, and 35 articles are reviewed after the final screening. The screening criteria for the full-text review are hardware design factors on usability issues. It was discovered that critical features from the results have pointed the following hardware design factors such as "head fit", "field of view (FOV)", "weight", "occlusive design", "resolution", and "wires" cause usability issues. This highlights future research focus through commonly occurring properties such as degrees of FOV, ideal weight, and matters such connectivity freedom. Such research focus also leads to opportunity in verifying, identifying, and applying of future HMD hardware design parameters, thus improving the current standards that are available out there in the market.


This chapter situates the enquiry by considering the transitions which healthcare practice is undergoing because of turns in healthcare thinking towards philosophy, person-centredness, and social theory. Such changes accentuate a problem inherent in other trends in modern healthcare which have tended to reduce the scope for exploring the human condition and morally worthy ways of living life within it. The historic response of Christian ethicists to such transitions and trends is reviewed as a kind of cautionary tale which, by distinguishing different theological approaches, discloses the contested nature of an enquiry such as this. Options for the proper mode of the enquiry are thereby considered, with an argument made for a version of 'faithful secularity' being predominant, drawing on Nigel Biggar and Luke Bretherton, while incorporating other insights. The structure of the book is then outlined, the political context is introduced, some distinctions are highlighted, and a guide to reading is offered.


Abstract The glass powders in the system of (100−x)Ca(PO3)2 xxSiO2 were injected intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 mice. The mortality gave a maximum at the composition of x = 30. This result is discussed in terms of generation of superoxide or active oxygen species induced when the materials are contact with polymorphonuclear cells.


Excerpt During the past decade evidence has accumulated from many quarters lending support to the physico-chemical concept of edema formation advanced originally by Starling1in 1895. The basis of t...


The massive use of social media urges teachers, curriculum designers, and students to bring it into class discussion. This study aims at describing students' experience when they were assigned to join an international group membership on Facebook. By using descriptive design, this study pictures out the challenges that the students encountered, such as cultural gap, time and spatial gap, age gap, and topic familiarity as students were free to choose the group. Thus, this study gives a space for students' voice about integrating Facebook into learning. This study proves that students develop their skills in maintaining communication resembled to the natural communication setting, but still find out that cultural misunderstanding, difficult topics being discussed, and linguistics problems which triggered them become silent readers. It implies that when teachers bring Facebook into classroom, they need to see it as a medium which is not developed for learning purpose.


Oxidation states are well-established in chemical science teaching and research. We data-mine more than 168,000 crystallographic reports to find an optimal allocation of oxidation states to each element. In doing so we uncover discrepancies between text-book chemistry and reported charge states observed in materials. We go on to show how the oxidation states we recommend can significantly facilitate materials discovery and heuristic design of novel inorganic compounds.


A new construct called cognitive absorption is proposed as a critical concept in the study of individual attitudes and behaviors toward information technologies. Cognitive absorption includes three...


The research on milk protein-derived peptides and antioxidative way of whey protein-derived peptides were summarized.whey protein-derived peptides could be used as antioxidants,which could scavenge free radical,chelate metal ion,reduce hydrogen peroxide,and change food physical property.The relationship between variety of amino acid,the structure of peptide and antioxidative activity was discussed.Amino acids with the capacity of hydrogen donating were easy to oxidize,which was one of the antioxidative mechanism of peptides.Spatial structure also had the effect on the antioxidative capacity of peptides.Because of the different determination methods and indice,conflictive results could be obtained.Whey protein-derived peptides possessed superiority,compared with other peptides,and have widespread market prospect.


In aqueous perchloric acid, butane-1,2-diol (1) and butane-2,3-diol (2) give carbonyls and butane-1,3-diol (3) gives alkenols. The rate of loss of optical activity has been determined for these diols and butan-2-ol (4) over a range of temperatures and acidities. In 1 M acid at 100oC, the rates for (1), (2), (3) and (4) are in the ratio of 1 : 2.3 : 3.7 : 45 respectively. The activation parameters are similar for all the alcohols. Hammett acidity plots give slopes of c. 0.8 for the diols and of 1 for butan-2-ol. These variations in these kinetic parameters are discussed in terms of whether hydroxyl group substitution in butan-2-ol affects the mechanism of its reaction in these circumstances.


Asymptotic behaviour of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a stiff problem is described in the case of the fourth-order ordinary differential operator. Considering the stiffness coefficient that depends on a small parameter epsilon and vanishes as epsilon tends to zero on a subinterval, we prove the existence of low and high frequency resonance vibrations. The low frequency vibrations admit the power series expansions on epsilon but this method is not applicable to the description of high frequency vibrations. However, the nonclassical asymptotics on epsilon of the high frequency vibrations were constructed using the WKB method.


This paper proposes a real options model for evaluating the biomass power generation investment in China. The uncertainties in the market price of electricity, CO 2 price and straw price are considered. Meanwhile the dynamic relationship between installed capacity and fuel cost, as well as the long-term reduction of subsidy are described. Two scenarios, i.e. , with the carbon emission trading scheme existent and non-existent, respectively, is built to empirically analyze the investment of a 25-MW straw-based power generation project. The results show that investors should undertake the investment in 2030 under two scenarios. Investment values are 14,869,254.8 and 37,608,727 Chinese Yuan (RMB), respectively. The implementation of the carbon emission trading scheme theoretically helps improve investment value and advance the most likely optimal investment time. However, the current CO 2 price is not sufficient to advance the most likely optimal investment time. The impacts of several factors, including subsidy policy, CO 2 price, straw price, installed capacity, correlation structure and the validity period of investment, on the optimal investment strategy are also examined. It is suggested that governments take some measures, including increasing subsidy, setting the growth pattern of subsidy and establishing and perfecting a nationwide carbon trading market, to improve the investment environment and attract more investments.


Significance The Mpemba effect, wherein an initially hotter system relaxes faster when quenched to lower temperatures than an initially cooler system, has attracted much attention. Paradoxically, its very existence is a hot topic. Using massive numerical simulations, we show unambiguously that the Mpemba effect is present in the archetypical model system for complex behavior, spin glasses. We find that the Mpemba effect in spin glasses is due to the aging dynamics of the internal energy, as controlled by the nonequilibrium spin-glass coherence length. Interestingly, the effect is not present when the system remains all of the time in the paramagnetic phase. Therefore, the Mpemba effect suggests itself as an effective probe for a glass transition, potentially useful for other glass-forming systems. The Mpemba effect occurs when a hot system cools faster than an initially colder one, when both are refrigerated in the same thermal reservoir. Using the custom-built supercomputer Janus II, we study the Mpemba effect in spin glasses and show that it is a nonequilibrium process, governed by the coherence length ξ of the system. The effect occurs when the bath temperature lies in the glassy phase, but it is not necessary for the thermal protocol to cross the critical temperature. In fact, the Mpemba effect follows from a strong relationship between the internal energy and ξ that turns out to be a sure-tell sign of being in the glassy phase. Thus, the Mpemba effect presents itself as an intriguing avenue for the experimental study of the coherence length in supercooled liquids and other glass formers.


To test the hypothesis that oxidative stress is involved in breast cancer, we compared the levels of 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxo‐dG), an oxidized DNA base common in cells undergoing oxidative stress, in normal breast tissues from women with or without breast cancer. We found that breast cancer patients (N = 76) had a significantly higher level of 8‐oxo‐dG than control subjects (N = 49). The mean ( ± SD) values of 8‐oxo‐dG/105 dG, as measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection, were 10.7 ± 15.5 and 6.3 ± 6.8 for cases and controls, respectively (P = 0.035). This difference also was found by immunohistochemistry with double‐fluorescence labeling and laser‐scanning cytometry. The average ratios (×106) of the signal intensity of antibody staining to that of DNA content were 3.9 ± 7.2 and 1.1 ± 1.4 for cases (N = 57) and controls (N = 34), respectively (P =  0.008). There was no correlation between the ages of the study subjects and the levels of 8‐oxo‐dG. Cases also had a significantly higher level of 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine DNA glycosylase/apurinic lyase (hOGG1) protein expression in normal breast tissues than controls (P = 0.008). There was no significant correlation between hOGG1 expression and 8‐oxo‐dG. Polymorphism of the hOGG1 gene was very rare in this study population. The previously reported exon 1 polymorphism and two novel mutations of the hOGG1 gene were found in three of 168 cases and two of 55 controls. In conclusion, normal breast tissues from cancer patients had a significantly higher level of oxidative DNA damage. The elevated level of 8‐oxo‐dG in cancer patients was not related to age or to deficiency of the hOGG1 repair gene. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This paper introduces a new method of removing thermal overloads and voltage limits in an electric power system by means of the Evolution of Corrective and Preventive control Actions (ECPA). The goal is to find the minimum number of control actions that solve the identified limit violations at minimum cost. A recombination operator based on form theory allows the codification of control actions in a natural and simple way. ECPA has been tested on the IEEE 30-bus and the IEEE 118-bus systems. The limit violations are solved at minimum cost and with fewer control actions on average than alternative methods.


As part of an effort to model the behavior of urea by computer simulation, we studied the problems associated with modeling urea hydrolysis. Incubation experiments with a variety of soils were used to analyze the kinetics of urea hydrolysis. We studied the effects of urea disposition, mode of application, soil temperature, and moisture, as well as soil preincubation, on the hydrolysis rate. The experiments showed that hydrolysis of urea uniformly distributed throughout the soil is adequately described by zero-order equations and for some soils might even be considered instantaneous if model time steps of 24 hours are used. However, application of prilled urea creates a heterogeneous system in which urea hydrolysis was best described by first-order kinetics following a substantial lag phase. The first-order phase is followed by a rapid increase in hydrolysis rate, possibly due to a shift to zero-order kinetics. Modeling of urea hydrolysis is further complicated by the effects of the soil environment. The hydrolysis rate decreased linearly with decreasing temperature, and moisture rapidly reduced the hydrolysis rate above the permanent wilting point (PWP). Moreover, hydrolysis rates were possibly affected by waterlogging or excessive temperatures. Thus, full characterization of the behavior of urea hydrolysis in each soil used for modeling purposes seems a prerequisite to computer simulation of urea-N in soil.


This paper presents a conceptual design of main components sizing for Universiti Malaysia Terengganu plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (UMT PHEV) powertrain. In the design of hybrid vehicles, it is important to identify a proper component sizes. Component sizing significantly affects vehicle performance, fuel economy and emissions. The proposed UMT PHEV has only one electric machine (EM) which functions as either a motor or generator at a time and using batteries and ultracapacitors as an energy storage system (ESS). In this work, firstly, energy and power requirements based on parameters, specifications and performance requirements of vehicle are calculated. Then, the parameters for internal combustion engine, EM and ESS are selected based on the developed Kuala Terengganu drive cycle. The results obtained from this analysis are within reasonable range and satisfactory.


GH690 alloy made in China was employed as the testing material in the present research.The mechanical behaviors of GH690 alloy were investigated with both fracture toughness testing and tensile testing from RT to 623 K,combined with the analysis of optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results indicate that the lower stacking fault energy of GH690 alloy at room temperature easily leads forming of deforming twins,thus resulting in higher plastic deformation ability of the alloy with the twinning coordination.At the same time,crack turning caused by twinning makes the alloy absorb more energy and keep high fracture toughness.With the increasing of testing temperature,the stacking fault energy increases,which makes it hard to form deforming twins,and the degree of stress concentration increases and crack propagates straightly,therefore the fracture toughness decreases.


: Erythroid di ff erentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) has been identified as an anti-inflammatory factor in several disease models, including collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), but its exact mechanisms are still not fully understood. Here, the involvement of regulatory T (Treg) cells in Erdr1-improved CIA was investigated. In the CIA model, Erdr1 was confirmed to reduce collagen-specific IgM in plasma and plasma cells in draining lymph nodes. Importantly, the downregulated Treg cell ratio in draining lymph nodes from CIA mice was recovered by Erdr1 treatment. In addition, administration of Erdr1 improved the CIA score and joint tissue damage, while it revealed no e ff ect in Treg cell-depleted CIA mice, indicating that Treg cells mediate the therapeutic e ff ects of Erdr1 in the CIA model. Results from in vitro experiments also demonstrated that Erdr1 significantly induced Treg cell di ff erentiation and the expression of Treg activation markers, including CD25, CD69, and CTLA4 in CD4 + Foxp3 + cells. Furthermore, Erdr1-activated Treg cells dramatically suppressed the proliferation of responder T cells, suggesting that they are functionally active. Taken together, these results show that Erdr1 induces activation of Treg cells and ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis via Treg cells.


PURPOSE
Increasing demands for mental health treatment represent a key opportunity for nurse practitioners (NPs) to provide more psychiatric medication treatment (psychopharmacology). Given this need, NPs could benefit from opportunities to enhance knowledge and skills in psychopharmacology.

DESIGN AND METHODS
A novel videoconference course was developed and tested, with 6 weekly sessions taught by a facilitator and a speaker, evaluated by multiple outcomes.

FINDINGS
Course feasibility and evidence of improved NP confidence and performance in psychopharmacology were both demonstrated.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Continuing education providers should consider adopting this model for effective and accessible NP psychopharmacology education, potentially expanding NP mental healthcare delivery.


Surgical procedures evoke an endocrine response which results in substrate mobilization, a change in metabolism towards catabolism with a negative nitrogen balance and retention of salt and water. The magnitude of this response is proportional to the severity of the operative trauma. Intraabdominal procedures are associated with a much greater response than body surface surgery (Clarke, 1970; Clarke, Johnston and Sheridan, 1970) and cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass induces profound hormonal and biochemical changes (Stanley et al., 1979). There is a vast and often conflicting literature on the hormonal and metabolic response to surgery. The purpose of this short article is not to present a complete review of the subject but rather to provide the necessary background information to enable the results described in more detailed studies to be readily interpreted.


A worm is a standalone program, which is self-replicating malware that distributes itself to other computers and networks. An Internet worm can spread across the network and infect millions of computers in very little time. Damages caused by such attacks are considered very high. Worms affect the network packet and its performance. In this paper, different methods are analyzed to detect Internet worms. Algorithms like Bayesian Network, Back Propagation Neural Network etc., were used to develop some detection techniques. These techniques led to a better understanding of the spreading of worms and are also successful in identifying the internet worms. They were found to be effective in preventing network attacks with high accuracy. The proposed techniques are low cost and provide counter measures to control the spread of internet worms.


This research examined the optimization of the sustainable manufacturing process for polyester-based polymers/Fe3O4 nanocomposite foaming. The foamed structure was achieved by using a solid-state foaming process, where the prepared foams were tested in order to ascertain the optimum foaming parameters with the highest foaming ratios and the lowest foaming densities. The foaming parameters used in this research were the polymer type, nanoparticle percentage, packing pressure, holding time, foaming temperature, and foaming time. Two levels were selected for each factor, and a Taguchi plan was designed to determine the number of experiments required to reach a conclusion. Further characterization techniques, namely, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used with the original samples to gain a better understanding of their structure and chemical composition. The data analysis showed that regardless of the parameters used, a high foaming ratio resulted in a low density. The introduction of nanoparticles (NPs) to the polymer structure resulted in higher foaming ratios. This increment in foaming ratio was noticeable on Corro-Coat PE Series 7® (CC) polymer more than Jotun Super Durable 2903® (JSD). The optimum parameters to prepare the highest foaming ratios were as follows: CC polymer with 2% NPs, compressed under a pressure of 10 K lbs. for a 3 min holding time and foamed at 290 °C for 15 min in the oven.


At the end of summer 1939, 5 million French soldiers are mobilized, 1,800,000 are taken prisoner. Among them, between 10,000 and 15,000 Jews are sent into the service of the Reich economy inside Germany. Protected by the Geneva Convention, they escape the fate of their fellow-Jews. Alongside the deportees, those sent as forced labour, and the colonial troops, the case of the Jewish prisoners of war shows that the French captives are not to be classified as a uniform set of victims.


The method of wireless communications includes transmitting a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) to the user equipment (UE). The UE, as can mitigate interference caused by interfering CSI-RS, CSI-RS configuration information is transmitted. CSI-RS configuration may be CSI-RS configuration of neighboring cells.


The π-overlap between the phenyl ring and the side chain, in acetanilides and acetophenones, is not directly related to the coplanarity of these moieties. The C(phenyl) — N(amide) bond lengths observed in the crystal structures of acetanilide and its various derivatives are significantly shorter than the value [1.470(5) Ä] proposed for the C(sp)—N(jp) single bond length [1]. This shortening is due to the conjugation between the phenyl ring and the amide group. Apparently the extent of π-overlap between the ring and the amide group should depend on the amount of rotation of these groups about the connecting C—Ν bond. Thus with increasing coplanarity of the amide group with the phenyl ring the π-character of this bond is expected to increase. Christoph and Fleischer correlated the extent of π-overlap between the phenyl ring and amide group with the torsion angle about the C(phenyl)—N(amide) bond [2], Table 1 presents the C(phenyl)—N(amide) bond lengths and the dihedral angles between the planes of the phenyl rings and the amide groups in the crystal structures of various derivatives of acetanilide. From Table 1 it appears that the extent of conjugation between the phenyl ring and the amide group is mainly governed by the electronic environment and the π-character of the connecting C—Ν bond cannot be directly correlated with the interplanar angle. In the two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit of 3-acetamido-4,5-dimethyl-co,ft>-dichloroacetophenone the dihedral angles be104 D. Chattopadhyay and S. K. Mazumdarr


In Canada, 2006 began with a great deal of anxiety about the environment. In most parts of the country the temperatures were about 10 to 15 degrees warmer than they should be in January. The media, and it seemed a good deal of casual conversation, focused on questions concerning the apparently dire state of the planet and how we may address our problematic relationship with the world. Long before the current predicament, Canadian ecologist, David Suzuki had warned of environmental crisis and the need for those in the industrialized world to develop a more empathic and sensitive relationship to the planet. Suzuki's particular approach to ecology proposes that we carefully consider our relationship to our surroundings; in particular he asks: how do we know about our world? I begin this writing on site-specific performance in Canada with the perspective of our country's most prominent ecologist because the work of the practitioners I want to discuss is born of a similar concern about the relationship we have to the world, and the development of certain dramaturgical practices that better address the 'world that surrounds us' and are open to responding to this relationship 'in ways beyond knowing' – that is, beyond established conventions and representational strategies of understanding.


The invention discloses a resin composition, which comprises the following components with solids by weight: (a) 10-90 parts of cyanate ester modified polyphenylene oxide resin; (b) 10-90 parts of allyl modified bismaleimide resin; (c) 0-30 parts of epoxy resin; (d) 0-30 parts of cyanate ester resin; (e) 10-50 parts of phosphonium flame retardant; (f) 0-5 parts of curing accelerator; and (g) 0-90 parts of inorganic filler, wherein the number-average molecular weight of the cyanate ester modified polyphenylene oxide resin is 3000-7000g/mol; and the cyanate ester modified polyphenylene oxide resin is prepared by reacting 100 parts of polyphenyl ether resin and 40-250 parts of cyanate ester resin at the temperature of 90-160 DEG C for 30-120 min. The invention provides the resin composition with favorable heat resistance, and low dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent value, and solves the problem that in the prior art, the bismaleimide resin and the polyphenyl ether resin are difficultly combined and blended.


Electron microscopy of fractured and polished surfaces of commercial silicate glasses by the preshadowed carbon replica technique reveals the presence of inhomogeneities in the glass ranging in size from 30 to 150 a.u. in diameter. Experiments were carried out to prove that the observed features resulted neither from the experimental technique used nor from the reaction of the glasses with atmospheric moisture. It is probable that these inhomogeneities are related to the bulk structure of the glass.


StarLogo TNG is a robust graphical programming environment for secondary students. Despite the educational advantages of graphical programming, TNG has sustained criticism from some who object to the exclusion of a textual language. Recognizing the benefits of text processing and the power of controlling software with a keyboard, I sought to incorporate text-processing techniques into TNG's graphical language. The key component of this work is an innovation dubbed "Typeblocking," by which users construct block code through the use of a keyboard.


Over the period of ship structure design,the structure strength was calculated generally in accordance with external load only,while the safety of structure in accordance with allowable stress was checked without considering the effects of the residual stress of ship components generated in the processes such as forming,welding and assembly.The strength of a VLCC oil tanker in different load cases was calculated with residual stress,and the influence rules of residual stress on the main components stress distribution were studied.Calculation results show that the effects of residual stress should be considered in the process of ship strength checking.


Rapid determination aflatoxin Bl,B2,G1,G2 in edible oil by immunochromatography is developed.The limit of determination is 2.5μg/kg,the relative standard deviations is below 18.5%.Recoveries of aflatoxin B1,B2,G1 and G2 spiked to samples are between 83%~101%.


The utility model relates to a multi-head soil three-axis rheological testing machine, belonging to the field of testing instruments. Three axial loading systems are arranged in parallel and are fixedly connected with the lower surface of a bedplate of a frame; three enclosed pressure chambers are fixedly connected with the upper surface of the bedplate of the frame respectively; three enclosed pressure loading systems are fixedly connected with a base plate of the frame; three electronic balances used for measuring pore water flow rate are respectively and fixedly connected with a bearing plate below the bedplate of the frame; a pressure transmitter used for measuring the enclosed pressure and a pressure transmitter used for measuring the pore water pressure are fixedly connected with the base; and a grating sensor used for measuring the axial deformation of the sample is fixed on the bracket of the base of the enclosed pressure chamber. The multi-head soil three-axis rheological testing machine has the following advantages: the structure is novel; three enclosed pressure chambers, three axial loading systems and three enclosed pressure loading systems are arranged on one frame so as to test three samples at one time, the testing efficiency is improved greatly; and the use is convenient and flexible and the long-time operation is reliable.


The present study discusses uncatalyzed and acid catalyzed organosolv pulping of popular wood carried out at a temperature of 140°. A mixture of methanol-water was used as a liquor (52:48% v/v). For catalysed delignifications, 0.01 M H 2 SO 4 , 0.02 M HNO 3 and 0.015 M (COOH) 2 solutions in the same solvent were used. The effect of the corresponding esters did not differ much from that of the acids.A partial delignification of chips with white-rot fungus Coriolum versicolor prior to uncatalyzed pulping improved the pulp properties. A 23% loss of cellulose due to chips biodegradation excluded this pretreatment from further experiments. Similarly, the application of peracetic acid solutions did not improve the pulp properties adequately. A comparison of the pulps properties obtained from catalysed pulpings pointed out the highest delignification efficiency of 0.02 M solution of HNO 3 , given by the highest hydroxonium ions concentration in a liquor. The application of 0.01 M sulphuric and 0,015 M oxalic acids solutions yielded pulps with similar parameters, the oxalic acid solution causing only moderate drop in the DP pulps. The presumed additional effect of the added agents, possessing oxidizing or reducing properties, on the delignification and recondensation of lignin, as well, was neither confirmed nor refuted. Uncatalyzed organosolv pulping conducted in a period of 0-5 hours did not provide pulps with satisfactory parameters.


In this paper we present an algorithm for solving infinite-horizon discounted Markov games based upon the fact that the value function is a least element of a superharmonic set. The algorithm produces a pair of policies whose value function is within a specified error of the solution to the fixed point equation. Part of the algorithm involves solving a set of fractional programs which are replaced by equivalent linear programs.


The German Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie (AGO) and the two German cooperative study groups (AGO-OVAR and NOGGO) performed a review of the currently available literature on intraperitoneal first-line treatment in advanced ovarian cancer to consider if this new option should be incorporated into the German guidelines for treatment of ovarian cancer.


Increasing the number of street trees can be a promising method to reduce impacts of climate change currently impacting urban public health. However, the quantitative relationships between tree canopy cover and thermal comfort remains unclear, particularly in areas with high temperature and high humidity. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the effects of different degrees of tree canopy cover on human thermal comfort in shallow street canyons in a high temperature, high humidity area of China. Microclimatic measurements and qualitative surveys were conducted on sunny summer days in a shallow street canyon in Wuhan. The results suggest that microclimate benefits are greater for areas with a high-percentage tree canopy cover compared to medium- and low-percentage tree canopy cover—especially at noon. In streets with a high-percentage tree canopy cover, afternoon air temperatures and mean radiant temperatures can be reduced by up to 3.3 °C and 13.9 °C, respectively, compared to a similar street with no tree shade. The thermal sensation prediction formula is proposed and the relationship between human thermal sensation and microclimate factors is established. Blocking solar radiation and increasing wind speed are more feasible than controlling air temperature and humidity as ways to improve human thermal comfort.


The study has been carried out in the Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand keeping the focus on Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR). The total area of CTR covered in the scene is 889 sq. km. The main aim of the paper is to develop a model by establishing a relationship between backscatter coefficients generated from dual polarization L-band ALOS PALSAR data acquired in July 2008 and the field inventory data collected by Forest Survey of India team in 2010. A total of 120 sample plots data were collected in the area out of which 60 plots were used for the training of the model and the remaining 60 plots were left for the validation of the most significant model. The Simple regression analysis was computed between HH & HV backscatter as independent variable and per plot biomass as dependent variable. The Linear, Logarithmic and Polynomial best fit regression models were analyzed. It was found that the coefficient of determination is more with HV backscatter (R 2 =0.75) using logarithmic model as compared among HV in linear and polynomial on one hand and HH in linear, logarithmic and polynomial on the other hand. To improve the accuracy and to know the combined effects of both the polarizations, multiple linear regression analysis (MLR) was applied. There was a significant improvement in correlation coefficients (R 2 =0.86).The in-situ field inventory data shows that the biomass in the CTR ranges from 9.6 t/ha to 322.6 t/ha. The simple regression modelled biomass ranges from 26.2 t/ha to 401.43 t/ha, whereas the MLR modelled biomass ranges from 10.96 t/ha to 312.64 t/ha. The majority of the area was found to be in the range of 100 t/ha to 150 t/ha biomass. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) between observed and predicted biomass was found to be 0.734 with simple regression, whereas it was found to be 0.83 with MLR. Key words: biomass, modeling and remote sensing


Previous research is expanded, having as an objective a different measurement, focusing on what immediate changes occur after the application of the laryngeal massage technique in patients with muscle- tension dysphonia type I and II. The calculation of values of integrated indices of ANAGRAF software was used: Integrated disturbance index (IPI), Articulatory speech precision index (IPA) and the efficient use of energy index. The IPI, linked with both glottal and vocal tract alterations in the glottal source showed significant changes in values pre -post application of the technique. The jitter and harmonic/noise values were the largest contributors in the IPI decrease.


Ternary strategy by introducing a third component into the binary host system has been proven to be a simple and promising method to boost the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and...


Recent investigation of ultrathin metal films with atomically well-defined thickness and high crystallinity has shown the existence of 2D superconductivity down to a single atomic layer as shown in Pb/Si(111) monolayers [1]. Pb/Si(111) has different surface structures depending on conditions of preparation such as the Pb coverage and the annealing temperature. Since this system consists of heavy atoms, there also exists a strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling (Rashba SOC) modifying the electronic properties. Pb/Si(111) grows by Stranski-Krastanov mode. Firstly, a wetting layer made up of a single atomic layer with a striped incommensurate reconstruction (SIC) is formed, then, Pb islands with specific thicknesses (3, 5, 7, ... monolayers) start to grow up on top of it. This bilayer growth arises from the presence of stabilising quantum size effects [4]. In order to maintain a relatively strong Rashba SOC we focused on the first stable thicknesses, i.e. 3 and 5 monolayers. On the top of the islands we observed different Moiré patterns, each with a specific corrugation and periodicity (Fig.1). Moiré patterns are dominated by substrate-mediated structural effects, e.g. lattice mismatch and misorientation between Si substrate and Pb overlayer, and/or atomic relaxation at the Pb/Si interface [5]. The coexistence of islands with different thicknesses and Moiré patterns highlights the role played by the different thicknesses and structures in self-assembly of MnPc molecules. Depending on the thickness and/or the Moiré on which molecules adsorb different molecular assemblies can be observed.


OBJECTIVE To develop recombina nt HPV18 vaccine by prokaryotic expression strategy. METHODS The L1 gene of HPV18 was amplifie d by PCR from pBR322-HPV18 and cloned into pUC19.The sequence of cloned HPV18 L 1 was confirmed by restriction analysis and DNA sequencing.A HPV18L1 prokaryoti c expression plasmid,pQE32-HPV18L1,was then constructed by subclone.pQE32HPV 18L1 transformed E.coli M15(with pREP4) was induced by IPTG. The expression of L1 protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. RESULTS The amplified DNA fragment was in size of 1.7kb as expected.Restriction analysis showed that the amplified gene was inserted in pUC19 correctly.Sequence showed there was no mutation in both ends of the cloned L1.Restriction analysis showed that the recombinant pQE32-H PV18L1 was right.A Mr 63×10~3 protein could be seen in M15 in duced by IPTG with SDS-PAGE and was positive while reacting with HPV18 L1 antib ody by Western blot. CONCLUSIONS HPV18L1 is successfully clon ed and expressed in this study.


Increasingly, private and public organizations are organizing innovation projects that aim to promote people's wellbeing. In order to better focus such projects on this goal, we developed a (prototype) tool, based on the Capability Approach (CA). It is intended to help people in innovation projects to avoid two pitfalls: too much focus on technology (forgetting about people); and prescribing specific behaviours (limiting people's freedom). The tool aims to help project-partners and stakeholders to express their visions, concerns, interests and goals, and to negotiate these in articulating shared goals for the project at hand, in terms of enabling people to expand relevant human capabilities.


The reconstruction of a farm road paved with concrete blocks on a peat subsoil using a basecourse of hot coated sand-gravel and a concrete overlay designed according to the schubenz method is discussed. Because of economic aspects four alternatives to the chosen overlay were examined. The mean distances between joints is evaluated. Conclusions are drawn. The experiences from this experimental road were incorporated in the design of two adjacent road sections. (TRRL)


Establishing a norm for project organisational structure is a very crucial and challenging task. In order to establish the new norm the individual or project manager has to look into the current norm existing in the organization such as JKR. Then the second factor is to look into the needs of the people involved in the particular project itself. This particular process will definitely takes time because it falls under the authority of human resource department. So, the aim of this study is to look into the project existing norm of organizational structure, problems related to it and finally to suggest and propose an improvement to the current existing norm. There are three distinguished phases in the study: phase 1 involves determination of the topic, aim, objectives, scope and literature review; phase 2 comprises of Research design, research questions and questionnaire preparation supplemented by focus group interview together with individual expert interview question and followed by data collection from the respondent involved; phase 3 consist of analyzing the data and subsequently propose the solution for the improvement of the norm. As found out by observation at the site and face to face interview that all those projects are managed by one professional staff full time at the site. Finally the outcomes of this study are establishment of the norm that could apply to other JKR project as a whole in the same category


With a shortage of affordable housing, social housing has become a priority on national agendas. However, designing social housing has a poor record, as reflected in the current demolition of post-war housing 'utopias'. This paper seeks to explore how the design of new social housing could increase the resilience of urban areas and its social and spatial integration in the contextual urban fabric. It examines the twenty-first century social housing area of Cité Manifeste, designed by renowned architects as an extension of Cité Ouvrière, a nineteenth-century mass industrial housing scheme in the city of Mulhouse, France. The spatial and social performance of these two cités are investigated, focusing on the urban interface between the streets and houses, and its patterns of evolution. Both schemes are well embedded in the wider street network, and Cité Manifeste has integrated better into the old quarter spatially than socially, yet not all parts of the design perform similarly. The comparison of the two cités and their components provides insight into the impact of architectural and urban design on the viability of housing developments.