By using the software SAS9.2 and the relevant data of consumption level of rural residents in China from 1952 to 2008,the ARIMA model is established.The model is used to analyze and forecast the time series of the consumption level of Chinese rural residents.The results show that in the near future period of time,the consumption level of Chinese rural residents will be further increased.In 2012,the level will break through per capital 5 000 yuan,almost 100 times more than that in the primary time period.But consumption level does not equal to living standard.To let farmers lead a good life,the government should follow the objective laws,take the overall situation into consideration;coordinate the relations among farmers' consumption level,national subsidies and farmers' production enthusiasm.Therefore,It suggested that the historical and objective factors should be attached more importance to,raising farmers' income and allaying farmers' fear as well as exploring the consumption potential of rural market were effective measures in developing the consumptive potential of rural market and promoting the economic sustainable development.


We present a general algebraic formalism for homology and cohomology theories for Grassmannians. The formalism is expressed in terms of the action of factorization algebras on exterior powers.


Review(s) of: Worrying about China: The Language of Chinese Critical Inquiry, by Gloria Davies, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007. xii + 312 pp. US$39.95 (hardcover).


Considering that since 2009 draft normative acts have been submitted to the Romanian Parliament, for regulating the insolvency of the natural person, the adoption of the law into 2015 and the entry into force in 2018 represents an indisputable progress but also an entry into normality in the context that all EU member states already had legislation in this area. Three years after the entry into force of the insolvency of the natural law, we can say that the results anticipated by the legislator are far from the reality. The year 2020 characterised by the devastating effects of COVID 19, affected both individuals and legal entities. If the impossibility of overcoming difficult situations by legal entities leads to their deregistration, as far as natural persons are concerned, their disappearance due to the difficulties cannot be taken into account, they must continue their existence with overcoming the situation. Accessing the insolvency procedure of the natural persons is the solution that can be accessed by those in financial difficulty. Keywords: insolvency; natural person; COVID 19.


Data collected by Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat on practices of seismic retrofit of existing concrete buildings in the north-eastern states are introduced in this paper. Here, use of buildings, year of completion, number of storeys, etc of 157 practices are shown. Seismic performance of 80% practices were computed based on 'Criterion on the Evaluation of Seismic Safety of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings'by the Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association. Seismic performances before and after retrofit by the criterion are discussed.


The invention, and the turning shaft portions 10 turning about the axis A1 criteria; A closed curve motion part (20) for movement (with respect to the drawing) according to the turning axis of the turning section 10; Said shaft being formed by the turning motion of the turning unit 10 comprises a motion converting section 30 for converting the motion of the moving part a closed curve (20); The shaft turning section 10 is one end of the axis (A1) in combination with the straight pivot a predetermined length extending from the reference point rod 11, and a rotatable its one end with respect to the other end of the pivot rod 11 to the reference point, the axis (A10) coupling the upper connecting rod 12 and is configured to include a lower connecting rod 13; The closed curve motion part 20 and its one end is coupled to the other end axis (A2) and the other end is the A2 axis right connection rod 21 extending in a straight line from the lower connecting rod 13, the one side first right and left connecting rod 22, the one end of the shaft to the other end of the first right and left connecting rods 22 (A3) which end is shaft coupled to the A2-axis extends in a straight line from which the A2 axis other end bond and is constituted by the other end comprises a left connecting rod 23 are shaft (A4) coupled to the other end of the right side connecting rod 21 at the same time extending in a straight line from the axis A3; Load left the motion conversion section 30 is a bond that at one end the said shaft axis to the other end of the upper connecting rod (12) (A5) of the turning section 10 and its other end extending in a straight line from the A5 axis 31, and its one end the shaft to the other end of the left rod 31 (A6) combined and the other side end portion, the second right and left connecting rod 32 which extends horizontally in a straight line from the A6-axis, and the other end a second shaft on the other end of the left and right connection rod (32) (A7) coupled and the one end is connected to the right side at the same time extending in a straight line from the A7 axis which axis (A5) coupled to one end of the left rod 31 It provides kinetic structure being configured to include a rod (33).


The field of Gothic Studies concentrates almost exclusively on literature, cinema and popular culture. While Gothic themes in the visual arts of the Romantic period are well documented, and there is sporadic discussion about the re-emergence of the Gothic in contemporary visual arts, there is little to be found that addresses the Gothic in northern or tropical Australia. A broad review of largely European visual arts in tropical Australia reveals that Gothic themes and motifs tend to centre on aspects of the landscape. During Australia's early colonial period, the northern landscape is portrayed as a place of uncanny astonishment. An Australian Tropical Gothic re-appears for early modernists as a desolate landscape that embodies a mythology of peril, tragedy and despair. Finally, for a new wave of contemporary artists, including some significant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artists, Gothic motifs emerge to animate tropical landscapes and draw attention to issues of environmental degradation and the dispossession of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.


Forest management is an important alternative strategy for conserving the biodiversity, and for allowing both forest dwellers and larger stakeholders to benefit from the forest. In many Southeast Asian countries, most of the forests belong to the state, and forest management is extremely centralized, even though, national policies do not favour forest management. In this paper, an endeavor has been made to analyze the inter-linkage between the management and fortification of forest resources and protection of endogenous right of people in India with special reference to Nambor reserve forest of Assam.


ABSTRACT As the systems that people depend on are increasingly strained by the coronavirus disease–2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, public health impacts are manifesting in different ways beyond morbidity and mortality for elderly populations. Loneliness is already a chief public health concern that is being made worse by COVID-19. Agencies should recognize the prevalence of loneliness among elderly populations and the impacts that their interventions have on loneliness. This letter describes several ways that loneliness can be addressed to build resilience for elderly populations as part of the public health response to COVID-19.


Background Potassium channels have been shown to determine wound healing in different tissues, but their role in intestinal epithelial restitution–the rapid closure of superficial wounds by intestinal epithelial cells (IEC)–remains unclear. Methods In this study, the regulation of IEC migration by potassium channel modulation was explored with and without additional epidermal growth factor (EGF) under baseline and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-pretreated conditions in scratch assays and Boyden chamber assays using the intestinal epithelial cell lines IEC-18 and HT-29. To identify possibly involved subcellular pathways, Western Blot (WB)-analysis of ERK and Akt phosphorylation was conducted and PI3K and ERK inhibitors were used in scratch assays. Furthermore, mRNA-levels of the potassium channel KCNN4 were determined in IEC from patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Results Inhibition of Ca2+-dependent potassium channels significantly increased intestinal epithelial restitution, which could not be further promoted by additional EGF. In contrast, inhibition of KCNN4 after pretreatment with IFN-γ led to decreased or unaffected migration. This effect was abolished by EGF. Changes in Akt, but not in ERK phosphorylation strongly correlated with these findings and PI3K but not ERK inhibition abrogated the effect of KCNN4 inhibition. Levels of KCNN4 mRNA were higher in samples from IBD patients compared with controls. Conclusions Taken together, we demonstrate that inhibition of KCNN4 differentially regulates IEC migration in IFN-γ-pretreated vs. non pretreated conditions. Moreover, our data propose that the PI3K signaling cascade is responsible for this differential regulation. Therefore, we present a cellular model that contributes new aspects to epithelial barrier dysfunction in chronic intestinal inflammation, resulting in propagation of inflammation and symptoms like ulcers or diarrhea.


Pile serves as an essential component for transferring loads from superstructures to the soil ground. Proper consideration of soil‐structure interaction (SSI) responses is crucial in evaluating the pile capacity and deflections under external loads. In the current design practices, semi‐empirical or linear‐elastic analyses are utilized, which are often overly conservative and unable to properly consider the nonlinear SSI responses. Thus, this paper presents a new Euler‐Bernoulli pile element for robustly and efficiently simulating the piles considering the SSI responses. The nonlinear springs distributed continuously along with the pile are directly integrated into the element formulations. A quasi‐analytical solution based on the Gauss‐Legendre method is utilized in the summation processes of the total potential energy to significantly simplify the mathematical expressions and ease difficulties in programming. The element tangent stiffness matrix and secant relations are respectively formulated for predicting the displacement and eliminating the accumulative errors in a Newton‐Raphson incremental‐iterative numerical procedure. Because a pile might exhibit large deflections in soft soils, the kinematic motion description using the Updated Lagrangian (UL) approach is developed where the equilibrium conditions are determined by referring to the last configurations. Finally, several examples are provided to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.


The distances between the anatomic landmarks on the casts of edentulous residual ridges were measured. These casts were obtained from 81 patients: 38 males and 43 females who had complete dentures at author's clinic. The corresponding distances were also measured on the stock metal trays used widely in Japan. The measurements from the trays were compared with the ones from the casts. A statistical analysis of the measurements was carried out. The results revealed that the stock metal trays did not always fit the anatomic oral structures of Japanese patients. An attempt was made to determine the sizes and shapes of stock metal trays which fit Japanese patients more accurately and comfortably, based on the statistical analysis.


Radiotherapy is one of the common methods for cancer treatment. Developing a radiotherapy plan requires professional medical physicists or physicians to manually contour the organ boundaries in CT series, which is time-and labor-consuming. If artificial intelligence (AI) could assist with the task, it could alleviate the workload of medical staff, especially when medical resources are tight. We propose an AI-based automatic organ segmentation system trained by clinical datasets. However, this task is prone to be non-robust models in CT image series where the background occupies the majority of the scene. To remedy such data imbalance situation, we propose adopting three strategies during the model training steps: region classification, knowledge discovery in database, and sampler. The major segmentation task is based on U-Net and ResNet34 model where all convolution layers and batch normalization are replaced with group normalization and weight standardization to ensure effectiveness in small-batch data training. In this study, 33 organs throughout the body were segmented. The ablation experiments were conducted to prove all the training models have better performance than the original method. In the future, if a hospital needs to train model with their own private datasets, the three above strategies can be adopted to prevent unsuccessful training.


Nuclear programme of India was initiated in the late 1940s under the guidance of Homi J. Bhabha. Nehru was against nuclear weapons so he pleaded with the superpowers for comprehensive nuclear disarmament. However, the nuclear arsenal kept rising. When Communist China conducted the nuclear tests in October 1964, the five nuclear powers (US, USSR, UK, France, and China) also the five Permanent Members of the UN Security Council had tried to impose the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 on the rest of the world.


Reply from the Authors: We thank Drs. Derk and Silke Krieger for their discussion regarding the significance of T1-weighted MRI and MRS abnormalities observed in the globus pallidus of patients with chronic liver failure. We agree with …


In this study, the authors used structural equation modeling to investigate relationships between ability constructs from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Third Edition (WISC-III; Wechsler, 1991) in explaining reading and mathematics achievement constructs on the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT; Wechsler, 1992). Participants comprised the nationally stratified Linking sample (N = 1,116) of the WISC-III and WIAT. Relating the latent ability variables to the latent achievement variables showed that psychologists must go beyond g in order to meaningfully understand children's trait performance on the WISC-III. Results for reading indicated psychologists must pay attention to the constructs of g and Verbal Comprehension, and for mathematics, that they are obliged to consider g and Freedom From Distractibility. Results are discussed in terms of their theoretical, applied, and treatment-related implications.


Science is communicated through statements about things, sets of things, and processes. The scientific method includes testing statements or hypotheses. An examination of the procedures used in science and the assumptions on which the procedures are based is necessary in order to verify the veracity of the statement made. Commenting on errors is necessary to prevent future workers in the field from adopting a technique or interpretation that lacks support (Blackwelder, 1967). Inferring evolutionary relationships of organisms are categorized into three school of thought: evolutionary taxonomy (e.g., Simpson, 1953,1961; Mayr, 1963,1969), numerical taxonomy (e.g., Sneath and Sokal, 1973) and phylogenetic systematics (e.g., Hennig, 1966; Farris, 1979, 1982, 1983; Wiley, 1981). Only one of these, phylogenetic systematics, provides a means for examining results by reassessing data under adherence to the principles of homology and parsimony (Hennig, 1966). Phylogenetic systematics requires that characters comprising the data sets be understood by the investigator. Ideally, differences in the ontogeny of characters among taxa are known (de Queiroz, 1985) but generally this is not possible and may be unknowable (Kluge, 1985). Characters for which ontogenetic information is not available can be placed within the data sets. This enables the investigator to observe the distribution of the character states in question within the topology of the resultant cladogram and can lead to additional hypotheses concerning the evolution of the characters. Two methods are used to produce cladograms. The hand-generated method is a useful technique for small, clear-cut data sets in which homoplasies are few or absent. As the size of the data set or the possible number of homoplasies increases or both, calculating all possible hypotheses (i.e., trees) and determining which hypothesis best explains the data becomes increasingly difficult (Felsenstein, 1978; Nelson and Platnick, 1981). The second method utilizes high speed computers (Felsenstein, 1982). This requires some procedural step-by-step direction, an algorithm. Although a particular series of steps within the algorithm may reflect a particular philosophy (e.g., in PAUP using the optimizing options ACCTRAN vs. DELTRAN), the computer follows the rules of procedure contained in the algorithm and is not subject to a priori modification at any step during the analysis. Only the investigator can make mistakes in coding or by not including all the data due to some a priori assumptions (Hecht and Edwards, 1977). The workings of phylogenetic systematics determines the results, not the computer (Wiley, 1981; Churchill et al., 1984, 1985). I re-analyzed three recently published data sets that illustrate problems that can result from misapplied algorithms and character transformations. The examples are taken from the herpetological literature, but similar examples exist in other groups (see discussions in Smith and Hood, 1984; Cracraft, 1987). The first example deals with problems encountered when data sets exceed the ability of the hand-generated method of analysis. Figure 1A is a cladogram taken from a recently published paper on the African/Malagasy frogs in the Old World family Hyperoliidae (Drewes, 1984). In the "Materials and Methods" section Drewes stated that he followed the principles of Hennig (1966). The Hennigian principles


5 Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of mental and physical exercises on muscle electrical activity in force production task. This research is fundamental in nature and in terms of methodology it is quasi- experimental. For executing this research, different exercise methods (physical, "clear - vague" mental practice and integrative) in 10 kg force values, at acquisition, retention and transfer stages, against a hand grip task, were studied. Results showed that physical practice and clear mental practice, integrative practice at 10 kg force significantly caused electromyography changes at acquisition stage. None of physical practice, clear mental practice, vague mental practice and integrative practice groups caused significant changes in electromyography at retention stage, at 4 kg and 8 kg forces. Thus, physical practice, clear mental practice and integrative practice had significant effects on electromyography changes in transfer stage at 10 kg.


Fluvial point‐bar evolution commonly involves multiple stages of bar development driven by changes in the style of meander transformations. Complicated planform morphologies are widely recognized in remote‐sensing imagery, but the relationships between meander‐bend evolutionary behaviour and stratigraphic architecture, facies distribution, and sand volumes remain poorly understood. This study applies a geometric forward stratigraphic model (Point‐Bar Sedimentary Architecture Numerical Deduction – 'PB‐SAND') to simulate the internal sedimentary architecture of 24 meander‐belt segments that evolved via a broad range of meander‐bend transformation styles. Modelling inputs are constrained by channel trajectories inferred from high‐resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) datasets, lithological information from a sedimentological database (Fluvial Architecture Knowledge Transfer System – 'FAKTS') and geological knowledge of trends in point‐bar lithology (for example, decrease in sand proportion with sinuosity, downstream of bend apices, and beyond the transition from point‐bar to counter‐point‐bar deposits) and in channel bathymetry (depth variations across pools and riffles). Modelling results are used to explore how the relative distribution of sand and mud is controlled by the styles of point‐bar transformation, quantified by the relative degree of meander translation versus expansion, and by the amount of bend rotation. The 24 models are classified into three groups based on cluster analysis of their mean migration angle, mean apex rotation, mean sinuosity, standard deviation of channel circular variance and preservation ratio; these quantities are known to be controlled by meander transformation types. Quantitative comparisons across these groups and relationships between metrics of planform change and quantifications of point‐bar deposits demonstrate how meander planform evolution controls point‐bar thickness and sand volume. Locally, the thickness of sand in bar deposits is controlled by the interplay of facies trends and spatial variations in bar thickness that reflect bathymetric changes, both related to local hydrodynamics. The proposed workflow establishes linkages between planform morphologies and three‐dimensional facies distributions; it can be employed to characterize the distribution of subsurface porous volumes where the planform history of meander bends can be reconstructed.


The injection of wind farm production into a grid, needs optimal strategies for energy transfer management. Usually, the power produced by the wind farms does not fulfil all the grid code requirements. The main problem is generally based on the way to reduce the impacts of power production fluctuations on the grid voltage and its frequency. To solve this problem, some authors suggest the use of an interface such as energy storage devices in order to compensate the wind power fluctuations. In fact, the storage devices installed between the wind farm and the grid can improve the power quality in terms of stability but in other hand the size and the cost of the system can be increased. In this paper, two solutions have been proposed in case the power quality produced by the wind farm is out of the grid code requirements. The improvement of the energy quality of an offshore wind farm without storage and connected to the grid is discussed. The proposed solution is to operate the wind turbines with a reserve of power. To distribute this reserve equitably among wind turbines, a proportional distribution algorithms has been developed. The results obtained show clearly the effectiveness of the strategy.


Motivation -This paper introduces the resolution of a medical complex, uncertain and time-constrainted situation: the early warning outbreak in military deployments. Research approach. We have studied a simulated alarm occurring in the Department of Epidemiology in the Institute of Tropical Medicine of the French Forces, managed by physicians belonging to this department. A task analysis method has been developed to identify and describe components of medical activities, performed by medical teams. This method, called EORCA, is based upon the systematic observation of "event", describing performance of actions by agents. Findings/Design. The results indicate that the situation management is based upon collaborative activities. Managing an epidemiological early warning is a collective and complex activity. It requires numerous information transmissions between members of the team to identify diseases and to prepare adequate actions in a context of uncertainty events and short interval of time.


The three basic pillars of fertility treatment are the Timing Method, artificial insemination, and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an insemination option in cases where in vitro fertilization fails to result in fertilization. Treatments appropriate to the infertility factors involved are selected and if the selected treatment method fails to result in pregnancy, treatment is stepped-up. In 2005, some 19,112 infants were born in Japan through IVF or ICSI infertility treatments—1.8% of total births. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) has already become an indispensable treatment for infertility. However, ART does have limitations, and in approximately 50% of cases pregnancy is not ultimately achieved despite repeated IVF or ICSI treatments. The side-effects of ART include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple pregnancy. Countermeasures against these side-effects are implemented, and they are controlled. An issue requiring consideration in the performance of ART is genetic safety, such as the risk of infants being born with chromosomal and morphologic abnormalities and the risk of spermatogenesis-related genetic abnormalities. Care also needs to be taken with respect to epigenetic abnormalities resulting from in vitro manipulation of gametes and embryos.


A 2-cycle 138-kv 10,000-mva (megavolt-ampere) air-blast circuit breaker has been developed and field tested. Insofar as is known, this is the first 2-cycle breaker for transmission line voltages. The breaker interrupted both transmission line and bus faults while mounted on the trailer on which it was shipped. The maximum breaker duty was 10,230 mva. It is believed this is the highest fault duty ever imposed on a 138-kv breaker in a field test. The longest interrupting time was 1.85 cycles. The breaker rating is based on the proposed, symmetrical rating structure.


In this paper,wavelet transform of vibration signal of CNC machine tool is performed based on Python programming language.wavelet transform function in PyWavelets library,the signal is decomposed into sub-signals of different frequencies.The experimental results show that the vibration signal of CNC machine tool has multiple frequency components,and the noise reduction effect is obvious after wavelet transform of the By implementing wavelet analysis method,EMD[1],and EEMD through Python programming,the three feature extraction methods are compared,and it is concluded that wavelet transform can be more convenient for signal processing and analysis,and the analysis method and parameters Therefore,the wavelet analysis method of vibration signal of CNC machine tool based Therefore,the wavelet analysis method of vibration signal of CNC machine tool based on Python has high practicality and scalability,which can provide important support for the optimization design and machining accuracy improvement of machine tools.


This article is directed to the study of value and meaning attitudes as a factor of forming students' tolerant ethnic consciousness in the multicultural milieu of a higher education institution. The leading approach to research into this problem is the theoretical and methodological approach. The results of the theoretical analysis of tolerance as a social and psychological category are presented in the article. Personal values have been considered which are viewed as internal carriers of social regulation having rooted in the personality structure and they are genetic derivatives from the values of social groups and communities of various sizes. The conclusions have been drawn that tolerance is a complicated and multifaceted phenomenon comprising an attitude to the unification of different points of view for the purpose of attaining concord and which testifies to personal maturity that manifests itself in an orientation to the personal self-realization and preference for constructive strategies of coming out of stressful situations. Fostering tolerance should be viewed as an urgent, important task of forming a full-fledged person, needed and useful for society. Tolerance as a personality quality which is set against stereotypes and authoritarianism is considered to be required for successful adaptation to new intercultural, interreligious, interethnic conditions. Besides, it has been proved that personal values serving as internal carriers of social regulation rooted in the personality structure are genetic derivatives from the values of social groups and communities of a different scale. Selection, adoption and assimilation by an individual of social values are mediated by his social identity and values of small contact groups significant for him which can serve both as a catalyst and a barrier to the adoption of big social groups' values and also universal human values. The materials of the article are of practical value to psychologists-practitioners as well as staff members of educational institutions.


We analyze differences in female part-time work rates across countries using European Social Survey data for 2012 to study composition and selectivity effects by means of Oaxaca-decompositions. A novel treatment of the selection term distinguishes the effect of country differences in employment rates from the effect of pure selectivity. We find that demand-side factors are more important than supply-side factors in explaining differences in part-time work rates, that overall composition effects are small and that employment positively selects women into part-time work.


A controller observes a production system periodically, over time. If the system is in the GOOD state during one period, there is a constant probability that it will deteriorate and be in the BAD state during the next period and remains there. The true state of the system is unobservable and can only be inferred from observations quality of output. Two actions are available: CONTINUE or REPLACE for a fixed cost. The objective is to maximize the expected discounted value of the total future income. For both the finite-and infinite-horizon problems, the optimal policy is of a CONTROL LIMIT CLT type: continue if the good state probability exceeds the CLT, and replace otherwise. The computation of the CLT involves a functional equation. An analytical solution for this equation is as yet unknown.

For uniformly distributed observations we obtain the infinite-horizon CLT analytically. We also show that the finite horizon CLTs, as a function of the time remaining, are not necessarily monotone, which is counterintuitive.


B a rb a ra J. H ay d e n Map of Crete showing survey area and the location of Priniatikos Pyrgos and other ancient sites in and near the Istron coastal zone, including the settlement of Vrokastro. P riniatikos pyrgos, a coastal settlement in eastern Crete, sits upon a limestone promontory in the center of a broad beach. Its location—at the nexus of cross-island routes and near rich coastal valleys with abundant water—makes its protected anchorage an ideal spot for a trading emporium. Discoveries here in the early 20th century indicated that the site had stratified archaeological deposits ranging from at least the Bronze Age (3rd and 2nd millennium BC) through to the Roman period (1st century BC–5th century AD). This suggests that it may have been the primary harbor along the west-central coast of the Gulf of Mirabello for thousands of years. PRINIATIKOS


The inter-ethnical marriage in Wulin area has experienced four historical periods.The curving development trace of inter-ethnical marriage has revealed the curving development of the relationships among the minority groups in this area.The enlarged scope of the inter-ethnical marriage and the developing law with an increased objects have illustrated an objective evolutionary law that has transformed from a vicious circle to a benign one.


Equine practitioners Imogen Burrows and Claire Hodgson went to the Gambia as part of an XLEquine initiative to provide CPD for local vets through the country's Department of Livestock Services


BACKGROUND
A case of a 2.7kg term baby with a large epignathus, a rare congenital teratoma arising from the palate is presented. Birth was by spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD). The baby survived following a timely multidisciplinary approach to her management. This is the first reported case in Ghana.


This article focuses around Yucatec Maya cosmology, sacred landscape, ecology and religious continuity. The Yucatec Maya situated themselves at the heart of the universe as many other people in historical cultures do. The ways in which they have tried to make place of space, by cultivating the landscape were, and are, nearly universal in strategy. Seen in a comparative perspective strong similarities with this pattern is found in many of the historical world religions throughout the world, i.e. Mesopotamia, Ancient Greece, and in Old Norse religion. We see the quadripartite pattern of cosmos mirrored in settlement, in caves, in pyramids, as well as in texts, as for instance in the Myth of creation, or in The Ritual of the four World quarters found in the Book of Chilam Balam from Chumayel. The aim of this article is to explore patterns of cosmology, ritual, and ecology in Yucatec Maya religion found in various (con-)texts, based on a close reading of the Books of Chilam Balam and other Early Colonial documents. Aided by a contextual approach and with theoretical perspectives from Post-Colonialism the strive is to let the Yucatec Maya voice speak through these texts.


By looking around, it is possible to realize that what happens in the classrooms is the consequence of the society in which it is embedded. Interpersonal relationships, frequently damaged by different circumstances, are weakened as time goes by ending in complete indifference towards other people or aggression that is impossible to prevent. It seems that Religion as a subject cannot tear down these walls of individualism, and consequently, it is not succeeding in its attempt to create peace and bring people together. It is time to question our actions as social agents and educators to achieve a real change for all of us. In order to do this, the first proposal is to recognize ourselves as we are; only then can we recognize the others. In that way, we may act as real bridge builders to motivate the dialogue that leads to peace.


with food again. It is not a failure of the documentary that it does not analyze the politics and inequalities of food distribution and access. The documentary's seemingly simple premise—how to create a truck farm—creates a story that is accessible to a wide audience and possible to view through many lenses. Hints at the larger environmental justice or social context of the urban food system are illustrated through small moments such as the explanation that the Brooklyn soil cannot be used because it is too polluted. The chef at Blue Hill Restaurant asks whether the truck farm approach is not too simplistic for the complex problem of global food security. The light-hearted tone of the documentary shifts when, after the sale to the Blue Hill Restaurant, there is a theft from the truck bed garden. With the chef's question echoing in his head, Cheney loses hope. Cheney's sadness about the theft of the plant during the second growing season is not so much about the loss of the income as it is a reminder of the marginalization and vulnerability of those who dare to farm in a different or new way. The truck farm presents an interesting model for community agriculture—the farm is mobile and its landscape is the city that it traverses to obtain new plants, more soil, and water and to distribute its produce to customers. Yet, as Cheney sells $3 worth of fresh herbs to the chef, one might ask whether the truck farm would ever be a financially profitable endeavor. The costs of water, soil, gas, truck maintenance, and, during the second growing season, a truck bed greenhouse make this model of agriculture input-intensive and expensive. Of course we cannot feed our urban areas through truck farms alone, but the film inspires us to reimagine urban space and its possibilities. A phone call from Denver brings the documentary to an empowering close. The truck farm has started a movement inspiring creative solutions as people rethink the possibilities around them for community-motivated agriculture. Across the country, people of diverse ages and backgrounds are finding inspiration in his truck farm's story and starting to re-imagine agriculture. Each spring and summer, the project tours around the United States to visit farmers markets, summer camps, and schools to share the story of the truck farm. The project's website (www .truck-farm.com) provides tour details. REFEREnCES Nestle, Marion. 2007. Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition, and Health, Revised and Expanded Ed. Berkeley: University of California Press. Nestle, Marion 2006. What to Eat. New York: North Point Press. Woolf, Aaron (director). 2007. King Corn. Oley, PA: Bullfrog Films.


To evaluate seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in Scotland, a Scotland-wide linkage of patient-level primary care, hospital and virological swab data from 3,323 swabs (pooling data over nine influenza seasons: 2000-2009) was performed. VE was estimated for reducing real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed influenza using a test-negative study design. Vaccination was associated with a 57% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 31 to 73) reduction in the risk of RT-PCR confirmed influenza. VE was 60% (95% CI 22 to 79) for patients under 65 and clinically at-risk of serious complications from influenza and 19% (95% CI -104 to 68) for any individual 65 years and older. Vaccination was associated with substantial, sustained reductions in laboratory-confirmed influenza in the general population and younger patients in clinical at-risk groups.


Analyses the extent of journal self-citation and author self-citation in the research articles and short communications published in Journal of Natural Rubber Research during 1988 to 1997. Results show that 53% of articles contained journal self-citations; the rate of journal self-citations per article ranges between 1 to 12; a high percentage of authors (61.4%) contributing articles to the journal cited themselves; a tendency is noticed for authors affiliated to the institution publishing the journal to cite the journal; the highest self-citing author is A. D. Roberts.


An improved method based on improved particle swarm optimization dynamic search algorithm network reconfiguration is presented in this paper.The initial particle swarm is divided into two different subgroups according to the size of fitness,with a division of labour between the different subgroups of dynamic search.Cross thinking and ideological tabu are led into this algorithm to reduce the possibility of local optimum.Compared with genetic and tabu search algorithm,the results show that the proposed method possesses a higher search efficiency and is easier to find the global optimum solutions.


Baby massage is one of the oldest forms of therapy. Indonesian people have known massage since the days of our ancestors and passed on from generation to generation. Sleep is one form of baby's adaptation to the environment. Shortly after birth, babies usually sleep for 16-20 hours a day. Entering the age of 2 months the baby starts sleeping more nights than noon. Until the age of 3 months, newborn babies will spend about 15-17 hours of sleep, with the division of time 8 hours for naps and 9 hours for night sleep. Based on a preliminary study in the Posyandu of Latong Village Roses by interviewing 10 parents of infants 0-6 months, 8 parents who never massaged their babies said their babies often wake up at night and the amount of sleep is less than 11 hours per day.Determine the Level of Influence of Baby Massage on Sleep Quality in Infants 0-6 Months in Pasar Latong Village, Lubuk Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency in 2019This type of research that will be used in this study is to use the pre experimental design method, with the type of pre test and post test one group design.Based on the results of the study above, researchers can draw some conclusions as follows: 1. The quality of sleep in infants aged 0-6 months carried out massage in Pasar Latong Village, Lubuk Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency in 2019 is mostly good. 2. Sleep quality in infants aged 0-6 months who have not been massaged in Pasar Latong Village, Lubuk Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency in 2019 is mostly bad. 3. There is the influence of baby massage with sleep quality babies aged 0-6 months where babies who get baby massage have a good sleep quality 15 times higher than babies who do not get baby massage.


Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) has been recently proposed for next generation 5G mobile networks. A disadvantage of GFDM, similarly to the other multicarrier signals, is its high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR), Large PAPR signals can easily saturate the transmit power amplifier and cause degradation in BER performance and out-of-band emissions. In this work we investigate the performance of GFDM in presence nonlinearity effects in the transmission channel, with the aim to explore the effectiveness of some PAPR reduction techniques to mitigate OOB radiation and error performance degradation. To reduce PAPR we consider clipping techniques with iterative receiver, companding and selective mapping techniques, and for performance comparison we also evaluate IFDMA. The simulation results show that Clipping techniques delivers the best result, whereas IFDMA is able to maintain an acceptable performance level with low complexity in the receiver.


Abstract: Lactate and pH were measured in frontal and temporal cortex, cingulate gyrus, and caudate nucleus in brains from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases, control infants, and control adults. Both the lactate levels and the pH values were significantly correlated (p < 0.001) between the four brain areas, whereas lactate and pH values were significantly correlated within each brain area (p < 0.001) with a value of pH 7.2 for zero lactate. The lactate concentration in heart blood was significantly correlated with brain lactate (p < 0.001). Adult sudden death cases (heart attacks) had low lactate and high pH values, whereas agonal state cases had high lactate and low pH values. Control infants who had died because of accidents also had low lactate and high pH values, but infants who might have been exposed to hypoxia before death had high lactate and low pH values. SIDS cases fell into two groups: the first, consisting of all victims over 30 weeks of age and about one‐half to two‐thirds of those aged less than 30 weeks, had low lactate and high pH values; the second group, consisting of about one‐third to one‐half of those less than 30 weeks old, had high lactate and low pH values. The changes in lactate levels and pH values indicate that the majority of SIDS cases had died suddenly, but that a sizeable minority had been exposed to hypoxia prior to death


This paper presents an empirical study of the effects of handset variability on text-independent speaker recognition performance using the Switchboard corpus. Handset variability occurs when training speech is collected using one type of handset, but a different handset is used for collecting test speech. For the Switchboard corpus, the calling telephone number associated with a file is used to imply the handset used. Analysis of experiments designed to focus on handset variability on the SPIDRE database and the May95 NIST speaker recognition evaluation database, show that a performance gap between matched and mismatched handset tests persists even after applying several standard channel compensation techniques. Error rates for the mismatched tests are over 4 times those for the matched tests. Lastly, a new energy dependent cepstral mean subtraction technique is proposed to compensate for nonlinear distortions, but is not found to improve performance on the databases used.


Objective
To investigate the effect of PI3K-Akt agonist 740 Y-P on the expression of Akt and Caspase3 protein in rat pancreatic β-tumor cells (INS-1) and its significance.

Methods
INS-1 cells were stimulated with PI3K-Akt agonist 740 Y-P, and the expression levels of p-Akt and Caspase3 protein were detected by Western blotting.

Results
The results showed that 740 Y-P significantly increased the protein expression of p-Akt, but decreased the expression of Caspase3 (both P<0.05).

Conclusion
PI3K-Akt agonist 740 Y-P could induce the proliferation of INS-1 cells, which maybe one of the mechanism about pancreatic beta cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes.

Key words:
Type 2 diabetes; 740 Y-P; Cell apoptosis


ABSTRACT Field and laboratory studies on the toxicities to mangroves and associated biota of undispersed and chemically dispersed oils are being conducted in Malaysia. Results to date show the following: Most of the oils, both undispersed and dispersed, affect mainly the young Avicennia with heights less than 180 cm in the field. Toxicity to older saplings is less acute. There appear to be few differences in the impact of oils on Avicennia saplings due to tide. When the toxicities of dispersed and undispersed Arab light crude were compared, the following observations were made: most tests show either no significant differences between undispersed and dispersed oils or that undispersed crude is more toxic than dispersed crude, while a small percent show that dispersed crude is more toxic than undispersed crude. When the toxicities of oil types, namely bunker C, Malaysian crude, and Arab light crude, to the saplings were compared, it was found that bunker C was the least toxic, followed first by the Arab li...


Sealed lead-acid batteries are widely used in the telecommunications network forstand-bypower systems. Their capacity must be checked periodically because deteriorates with age. But this takes considerable manpower. This paper discusses evaluation of the deterioration of 200-Ah sealed lead-acid batteries by the pulse-discharging method. The results indicate that battery deterioration is reflected in its impedance characteristics. Equipment for estimating the battery deterioration has been developed. This equipment can test batteries without disconnecting them from the load and can greatly reduce the manpower requirement.


Concerning that user was limited to the scene of browser when interacted with a 3D item,and could not operate the 3D item on the server in the Web application of X3D.By using the AJAX technology,a scene interactive architecture combining AJAX and X3D was presented,and the implementation method of scene interaction based on AJAX and X3D was given via an application instance.This scene interactive architecture can solve the communication problem between the 3D scene and the server.


Two week-old and five week-old male and female Arbor Acres chickens of similar body weights were used respectively in two bioassays to determine dietary amino acid true digestibility and crude protein net availability at different growth stages by the method of collecting complete excreta.The results showed that the dietary amino acid average true digestibility and the crude protein net availability of starter during 2 to 3 weeks were 84.77% and 57.49%,repectively and that of grower during 5 to 6 weeks were 87.90% and 73.78%,respectively.


Duncan Foley's paper is a thoughtful, provocative, and rewarding read. It is a thinkpiece offering an insightful look on what are key dividing lines within contemporary macroeconomics. It offers substantive critique—of Keynes as well as of various strands of Keynesianism—and it rightly debunks claims on the superiority of the Hicks-Modigliani version of Keynesian economics. However, its attempt at an "information-economics" reconstruction of Keynes's theory is unlikely to win the hearts and minds of economists—no matter whether they are of a saltor freshwater, a bastardor Post Keynesian stripe. Nor is it clear how Foley's backward-induction of what Keynes really meant is going to help diagnose and cure "the real economic issues confronting the U.S. and world economies."


Abstract The problem of this research is how to using the media reality in the weight measurement of learning can improve student learning outcomes second grade at elementary school 09 Penabahan District of Sanggau Ledo?". This research to describe the learning outcome of students in the learning weight measurement using the media reality in Class II SDN 09 Penabahan District of Sanggau. The method use descriptive methods with classroom action research. The subject is the second grade students of State Elementary School 09 Panabahan, instrument used IPKG one and two. Analysis of the data for the first and second sub-problems using the formula average and sub Problem 3 using the formula percentage. The data source is a second grade students and teachers (researcher). Research procedure includes planning, action, observation and reflection. The results in the first cycle the average value in the classical 67 or classical learning completeness 55% and the second cycle the average value in the classical 78.05 and classical learning completeness 100%. Concluded that by using the media reality in the weight measurement of learning can improve student learning outcomes second grade elementary school 09 Penabuhan District of Sanggau Ledo. Keywords : using media reality, the value or learning


Nonwhites, as compared with whites, have increased risk for thromboembolic complications in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) (Lewis et al, Chest 2006). To better characterize the risk in nonwhite patients, we retrospectively evaluated dosing patterns and clinical outcomes in African American, Asian, and Hispanic patients administered argatroban therapy for clinically diagnosed HIT. Patients were from previously reported, multicenter, prospective studies of argatroban therapy (2 mcg/kg/min, adjusted to achieve aPTTs 1.5–3 times baseline) in HIT (defined as an otherwise unexplained platelet count


Zahedan city lies in one of the most arid areas in southeastern Iran. As the capital of Sistan and Baluchestan province it has grown and urbanized rapidly with a population of over 600,000. All water consumption needs are met by groundwater. In recent years, groundwater has been abstracted from the aquifer at a faster rate than the recharge because of extremely low rainfall, rapid development of the city and high population growth rate, resulting in gradual depletion of storage. The result is a continuous decline in the groundwater levels and deterioration in quality. Consequently, Zahedan is the only city in Iran with two separate pipeline systems for drinking and household requirements due to the increasing salinity of the groundwater aquifer. About 50% of fresh water is imported by tanker from Ladiz village about 100 km southeast of the city and then pumped into the pipeline system that provides drinking water at 13 public stations. Shortage of drinking water has caused interest in developing non-conventional options, including desalination of brackish groundwater and a water import project. From the beginning of 2003, three small reverse osmosis desalination units have gone into operation for desalination of brackish groundwater to provide a part of the drinking water requirements.


In research drawn from the Investment and Governance Characteristics of Infrastructure Debt Instruments research chair at EDHEC-Risk Institute, supported by Natixis, Frederic Blanc-Brude and Omneia Ismail discuss the risks in and portfolio diversification of infrastructure debt.


Objectives: Antimicrobials are the most widely used drug groups and antibiotic resistance due to irrational antimicrobial usage is a major problem in the world. The aim of this study is to evaluate attitudes of family physicians antimicrobial prescribing. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in November 2006 in Bolu and Duzce provinces where the first family physician practices were initiated in Turkey. The records of family physicians were reviewed retrospectively. Patients\' data, social security institution of the patients, the diagnosis and prescribed antibiotics, duration, dosage and routes of antibiotic administration were recorded. Results: A total of 4,497 patients were included in the study consisting of 1,752 (39%) men, and 2,745 (61%) women. The mean age of the patients was 36.6 p 22.7 years. Antimicrobials were prescribed to 1,167 patients (25.9%). Among 1,167 antibiotics, 1,064 (91.2%) were administered orally, 77 (6.6%) were paranteral and 26 (2.2%) were taken through other routes. In 39 (3.3%) patients, there was no indication for antimicrobial use. In 103 patients (9.1%) from the accurate antibiotic indication group, the choice of the agent was not consistent with the guidelines. In 273 patients (23.4%) on antimicrobial therapy, duration of the antibiotic was inappropriate. The most common indication of the antibiotic prescription was tonsillopharyngitis and the most prescribed antibiotics for this diagnosis were beta lactam/beta lactamase inhibitors. Conclusions: In conclusion, there is still considerable overuse of antibiotics by primary care patients, especially the ones suffering respiratory tract infections. Educational interventions on antimicrobial use could be useful.


We discuss theoretical implications of the large k U Sp(2k) matrix model in zero dimension. The model appears as the matrix model of type IIB superstrings on a large T 6 /Z 2 orientifold via the matrix twist operation. In the small volume limit, the model behaves four dimensional and its T dual is six-dimensional worldvolume theory of type I superstrings in ten spacetime dimensions. Several theoretical considerations including the analysis on planar diagrams, the commutativity of the projectors with supersymmetries and the cancellation of gauge anomalies are given, providing us with the rationales for the choice of the Lie algebra and the field content. A few classical solutions are constructed which correspond to Dirichlet p-branes and some fluctuations are evaluated. The particular scaling limit with matrix T duality transformation is discussed which derives the F theory compactification on an elliptic fibered K3.


Improved WASH facilities are crucial for reducing infectious diseases such as diarrhoea, malaria, dengue, and worms, etc. However, a large proportion of households in developing countries lack basic WASH facilities. Therefore, the current paper uses the household data from 733,223 households in fourty two developing countries to explore the prevalence rate of basic WASH facilities. The result shows that access to basic drinking water is much better than access to other WASH facilities, such as basic sanitation and hygiene facilities. However, the prevalence of basic drinking water, basic sanitation, and basic hygiene vary across different regions and countries-low in Africa and South Asia. The multi-level regression model shows that households with better economic status and education and urban households are more likely to use basic WASH facilities. Further, women empowerment and already having one WASH practice are also positively associated with the adoption of other WASH facilities. The policy should aim at improving awareness about the benefit of WASH facilities through education, and it should also subsidize WASH facilities for poor households and those living in rural areas.


Two CBF family transcriptional regulators were isolated from Brassica napus by in silico cloning method using the conserved domain amino acid sequence of atCBF1 as probe.Based on the sequences of BnaCBF-1 and BnaCBF-2 from Bna.2193 and Bna.2260,BnaCBF-1-Hy15 and BnaCBF-2-Hy15 genes were isolated from B.napus cv.'Huyou15' by RT-PCR and PCR using cDNA and DNA as template.DNA sequencing and analysis indicated that there was no difference between BnaCBF-1-Hy15 and BnaCBF-1,bnt four amino acid residues difference between BnaCBF-2-Hyl5 and BnaCBF-1.No intron localized on the two genes,respectively.Then,cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence,composition,hydrophobicty and hydrophilicity,physical and chemical characterization,phylogenetic tree,conserved domain sequence,function domain,and molecular modeling were predicted and analyzed.BnaCBF-1-Hy15 and BnaCBF-2-Hy 15 were part of the DREB-A1 subfamily,and were hydrophilic protein.The two proteins and atCBF1 had similar three-dimension structure.


Accumulated over time, the use of indigenous technical knowledge by the Maasai in protecting livestock against poor nutrition, improper breeding, pests or parasites, diseases as well as injuries emanating from accidental incidences caused by predation, lightning, raids and vehicles is on the decline. Knowledge on biodiversity used to conserve forests that ensure regular supply of water, availability of pastures and herbal plants for livestock treatment is unrecorded. The co-existence of the Maasai with wildlife albeit the danger they pose on livestock lives and the environmentally friendly techniques used to sustain the environment for future generations are diminishing. Oral channels used to transmit the Maasai indigenous technical knowledge by way of stories, riddles and proverbs from one generation to the other are also rare. Information on conservation agriculture practice, manure as well as stinging nettle uses by the Maasai is scarce as the extension service providers are largely absent. The purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge pathways being used to transmit and preserve ITK in livestock protection in Loita Ward of Narok County. The study employed a survey research design and was carried out in Loita Ward of Narok County, Kenya. The target population was the 30,130 pastoral Maasai households in Narok South Sub-county while the accessible population was 2,437 households in Loita Ward who applied indigenous livestock protection techniques. A sample of 120 respondents was selected through proportionate random sampling method. Qualitative data generated from Interview Schedule, Focus Group Discussions and Key Informants were studied an d analyzed usin g Thematic Content Analysis in order to establish inherent facts and information about the extent of use of ITK in livestock protection. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for quantitative data analysis. The study revealed that most custodians of ITK knowledge are the community members themselves, cultural elders, herbalists, moran institution, seers and healers who have a lot of information for every subject ranging from weather, herbal medicine and treatment, vegetation, spiritual besides others. The knowledge practices are orally passed from person to person through personal communication channels like stories, songs, proverbs, myths, cultural values and cultural ceremonies. Whoever has this knowledge holds it on behalf the community. This study recommends that the National Government and the County Government of Narok should safeguard the documented ITK of the pastoralists as it is a vital resource and knowledge from total loss and its exploitation by other people at the expense of the owners, the Maasai. The many stories, songs, folklore, proverbs and questions and answers sessions among the M aasai pastoralists were effective oral channels communicated from one person to the other. These pathways are fast, efficient and effective ways of sharing information and have served the Maasai well. The enhancement of the traditional communication methods with information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as computers, internet and libraries will improve accessibility of the integrated ITK. Mainstreaming of this oral channels communication in the new Kenyan Competencies Base Curriculum (CBC) could help improve children oral communication thereby improving their art of listening and comprehending information as they share this through the use of phones, internet and electronics.


In this chapter an attempt is made to focus on the ideological and practical implications of the new people-oriented forms of healthcare management variously described as strategic human resource management, high-performance management, human capital management, or high commitment management. The chapter details the managerial and academic claims concerning the management of human resources and goes on to emphasize the impact that the literature of Human Resource Management (HRM) has had on healthcare employees and healthcare organizations. The restrictions of the applied research approaches are also highlighted and the author argues that the managerial and post-structural literature is limited in that its conceptualization of HRM and changing performances is incomplete. Also considered is a range of literature that has been used to study individual and organizational change with a labour process perspective and explains why an approach based upon the study of the disparity between the "HRM rhetoric" and the day-to-day practice, as well as how people experience and respond to that disparity within a wider frame of social, political, and economic relations, is to be preferred. As a basis for further contextualization, the powerful and privileged positions of healthcare professionals and the distinctive character of their employment relationship are considered. The chapter concludes that a more critical analysis is necessary to challenge the way in which the concept of HRM is examined by healthcare management academics and practitioners. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-885-2.ch002


Abstract. The paper briefly presents the main features of a hydro-mechanical coupled finite element of interface. The mechanical problems takes into account the the detection of contact, the development of a contact pressure, the shearing and the relative sliding between two solids. A three-node discretisation of hydraulic problem allows the representation of fluid flows across and in the plane of the interface. The method involves a drop of pressure between each side of the interface and the inner medium. The hydro-mechanical couplings come from 1) the definition of the total pressure acting on each side of the interface according to the Terzaghi's principle; 2) the dependence of the permeability on the gap variation; 3) the variation of the fluid mass stored within the gap.


Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the Boston brace in treating adolescent idiopath-ic scoliosis (AIS). Methods One hundred and eight cases of AIS were treated with Boston braces from May 1997 to Dec 2002. Thirty-four were male and 74 were female, with the mean age being 11.8 years. 44, 28, 24 and 12 patients were Risser sign 0 toⅢdegree, respectively. The follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 24 months. Clinical and radiological data, including Cobb's angle, apical vertebral translation, apical vertebral rotation, trunk shift and pulmonary function, were recorded to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Results All the patients were followed up and three had operative intervention because of increasing curvature. The treatment with the Boston brace could significantly prevent curve progression. The Cobb's angle also decreased from 38. 2°to 24. 4°on average (corrective rate: 36. 1% ). Apical vertebral translation, apical vertebral rotation and trunk shift were significantly improved (P0. 01). Indices of pulmonary function, including vital capacity (VC) , and forced expiratory volume in one second as a fraction of forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) did not decrease significantly. The corrective rate among the Risser signⅠgroup was significantly higher than among the signⅡandⅢgroups (P0. 05). There were no obvious complications. Conclusions The Boston brace can be used for AIS. Its accurate application could avoid the need for surgical correction. Risser sign can be used as an index to predict the corrective effects of AIS treatment with the Boston brace.


A digital computer program for the simulation of charged particle beams in complex electrostatic lens systems is described. A large matrix is employed to simulate the potentials in rectangular or axisymmetric configurations, and relativistic trajectory computations are employed to simulate beams or charged particles of any energy. The beam may be injected with any energy or spatial distribution, including point sources. The program is intended to be an engineering tool which will produce results with an accuracy of one or two percent with modest effort in setting up the problem. Simulations of a CDC 6600 typically require 2 min or less, and complete solutions including plots of trajectories and equipotentials are frequently obtained in less than 30 sec. Results for some specific cases are shown to be within 2% of experimental or exact analytical results.


The aroma-active components of purple potato wine were extracted by solid-phase microextraction(SPME) and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and computer retrieval.Moreover,the changes of alcohol degree,anthocyanins,chromatic aberration,pH,soluble solid content were tracked during the whole fermentation of purple potato wine.Fifty-seven aroma-active components were identified from purple potato wine,accounting for 97.13% of the total peak area.The major aroma-active compounds were isobutanol,isoamylol,octylic acid ethyl ester,and phenyl ethanol.Alcohol degree and volatile acid content exhibited a gradually increasing trend,while anthocyanins,soluble solid content and chromatic aberration tended to gradually decrease.Little change in pH was observed during the entire fermentation process.


Significance Enzymes responsible for the clipping of histone tails and removal of arginine-methylated histone tails still remain elusive. The underlying mechanism of high histone turnover rate in nonproliferated cells is still a mystery. How RNA polymerase II overcomes nucleosome barriers during transcription is unknown. This article described the discovery of a JmjC domain containing subfamily members JMJD5 and JMJD7, which could be responsible for these unsolved puzzles in epigenetics and transcription fields. Two of the unsolved, important questions about epigenetics are: do histone arginine demethylases exist, and is the removal of histone tails by proteolysis a major epigenetic modification process? Here, we report that two orphan Jumonji C domain (JmjC)-containing proteins, JMJD5 and JMJD7, have divalent cation-dependent protease activities that preferentially cleave the tails of histones 2, 3, or 4 containing methylated arginines. After the initial specific cleavage, JMJD5 and JMJD7, acting as aminopeptidases, progressively digest the C-terminal products. JMJD5-deficient fibroblasts exhibit dramatically increased levels of methylated arginines and histones. Furthermore, depletion of JMJD7 in breast cancer cells greatly decreases cell proliferation. The protease activities of JMJD5 and JMJD7 represent a mechanism for removal of histone tails bearing methylated arginine residues and define a potential mechanism of transcription regulation.


This paper discusses the nature of the relationships between science and technology. It offers an explanation of why the development of understanding of science-technology relationships is important. It discusses the meanings attached to the terms 'science' and 'technology', and outlines four views of the nature of their relationship: the 'idealist' view (technology as applied science), the 'demarcationist' view (separate fields), the 'materialist' view (technology as a necessary precursor to science) and the 'interactionist' view (scientists and technologists working together). Five Canadian senior high school physics textbooks are then analysed to examine the ways in which they represent the nature of the relationships between technology and science. The books display numerous positive features: a recognition of the human face of science and technology; frequent reference to careers in which a knowledge of physics might be useful; and many illustrations of interesting technological artefacts. However, w...


The article proposes a version concerning the development of J.-B. Leblon's plan of St. Petersburg in 1717 as a symbol city expressing sacred ideas and symbols of "speculative Freemasonry" of the beginning of the XVIII century. The version is based on the assumption of membership in the Masoniclodges of both Leblond and Emperor Peter I himself. A brief history of the early "operational" Freemasonry, which developed in Europe since the X century and was a guild association of builders, which by the 16th century gave several directions of activity, is shown including "speculative Freemasonry" as a moral theory about the construction of an ideal human society. The version of the membership of Peter I in the Masoniclodge of the Scottish rite of St. Andrew the First-Called is supported by an analysis of the architectural preferences of Peter I, corresponding to the traditions of this lodge. A version of Leblon's activity in St. Petersburg is proposed in terms of his likely membership in that lodge. The town-planning embodiment in terms of St. Petersburg of Masonic symbolism and thelikely Masonic status of Peter the Great is shown.


I build a model where creditworthy countries may use fiscal austerity to communicate their ability to repay sovereign debt and show that the signaling channel is active only for high levels of asymmetric information. The model generates a negative association between the amount of public information, provided by the rating agencies, and fiscal tightness. Informed by the model predictions, I build a model where creditworthy countries may use fiscal austerity to communicate their ability to repay sovereign debt and show that the signaling channel is active only for high levels of asymmetric information. The model generates a negative association between the amount of public information, provided by the rating agencies, and fiscal tightness. Informed by the model predictions, I perform an empirical investigation based on a panel of 58 OECD and emerging market economies since 1980 and find evidence of this signaling channel.


Integration of solar photovoltaic plants into the distribution systems using various power processing units produces the harmonics that may cause malfunctioning of sensitive equipment connected to the point of common coupling. To overcome this drawback, a novel adaptive current regulator is employed for the grid interfacing voltage source inverter. In addition, a high-gain dc–dc converter with a Kalman-based maximum power point tracking algorithm is designed to achieve the high voltage level at the common dc bus. To determine three-phase reference currents, the proposed adaptive current regulator is designed by using a recurrent neural network trained with the Hebbian least mean square weight updating algorithm. They are used to generate the three-phase compensating currents for suppressing the harmonics present in the system. The proposed method has several merits, such as better harmonic mitigation ability, adaptive behavior, improved stability, and lesser settling time, as compared with the conventional PI controller. The system performance with the proposed current control regulator is analyzed via MATLAB/Simulink. Comparative analysis via simulation platform assures the improved performance in terms of power quality, settling time, and stability of the proposed controller. Also, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is validated under several transient conditions by developing a laboratory scale prototype model with the dSPACE control desk.


Detecting incidentally captured text in the wild remains an open problem due to challenging factors including unconstrained scenarios and large scale variation. In this paper, we establish a large-scale scene text detection dataset (LS-Text), containing 36, 000 images and 270, 783 text instances with various scales and complex scenarios, to promote the research of text detection. We propose a Scale-residual Learning Network (SLN) to deal with the scale variation problem in a progressive optimization manner. Specifically, we integrate both learnable feature concatenation and feature up-sampling operator. It can effectively eliminate the residuals between the outputs of SLN and ground-truth text instances by processing both the Feature Fusion Residuals (FFR) and the Scale Transformation Residuals (STR), simultaneously. By stacking multi-scale feature maps in a deep-to-shallow manner, SLN continuously optimizes feature representation by accumulating strong semantic information and rich texture details in a scale-residual learning way. Extensive experimental results on five challenging datasets demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of the proposed SLN model, and the challenging aspects related to real-world scenarios of the proposed LS-Text dataset. Both the source code of SLN and the LS-Text dataset are available at https://github.com/SLN-Text-Detection.


The author investigated the thermal dehydration of purified Japanese bentonites from three different origins. One of them is of a typical yellow species and the other two are of a white one. The chemical compositions are the following:The thermal dehydration curves of each of these three samples belong to quite the same type, and a clear distinction may be made from that of other clay-like minerals, such as kaolinite, acid clays, silica or alumina gels. The curve can be cut into three distinct parts, that is, S-shaped (50-30°C), straight (100-600°C) and hook-like shaped (600-1100°C) part (Fig.)Having discussed many known facts related to bentonites, the author can not help coming the following conclusions:(a) In the dehydration curve, the S-shaped section corresponds to the loss of gel waters, the straight part to the dehydration of loosely fixed water of hydrated colloidal silica, and the hooklike shaped part to the so-called constitutional water of crystalline alsilicate.(b) The empirical formulae of the ultimate particle of bentonite can be denoted as follows:2Al2O3⋅(10-x)SiO2⋅H2O⋅xSiO2⋅Aq.(c) The micelles in water may presumably have a construction like this that the very thin molecularordered crystalline layers of al-silicate plate hold colloidal silica between them with ample water in common. And the highly water-imbibing property can be attributed to the hydration and diffusion powers of swarmed ions which distribute between the plates.Temp. in °C S5: yellow type: T1, Or: white type


We propose an IRAC and MIPS imaging survey of the NGC 2563 group of galaxies. As one of the nearest X-ray groups, this system is an ideal target to study the role of galaxy-intragroup medium interactions in galaxy evolution. We have been awarded a large program with Chandra to trace the hot baryons in this group and have used the VLA to measure the HI properties of the group members down to very low gas masses. The proposed Spitzer observations will be used to map out the dusty ISM, study the old stellar populations and quantify the star formation properties of the group members. Combined with our extensive optical, HI and X-ray data, the Spitzer data will provide a complete census of the major baryonic components in this group. A key element of our program is that we are studying the group population out to the virial radius of the system. Our program has been designed to provide the first comprehensive study of the galaxies in an X-ray group and in many ways is the group equivalent to the extensive studies of richer systems like the Virgo and Coma clusters.


This brief presents a design strategy for spin-transfer torque (STT)-RAM to reduce the error-tolerance redundancy overhead and increase effective storage capacity without sacrificing its reliability. The key is to cohesively exploit the run-time data characteristics (e.g., access unit length and access frequency) and the fundamental read disturbance versus sensing error tradeoff in STT-RAM. It presents three specific data-dependent error-tolerance design techniques, and demonstrates their effectiveness in the context of using STT-RAM to replace DRAM in solid-state drives. Based on detailed modeling/simulations down to 22-nm node, we showed that these design solutions can increase the effective STT-RAM storage capacity by 26%, compared with conventional design practice.


A statistical study was performed to evaluate the cyclic instability of steel moment connections with reduced beam sections. Based on test results of 55 full-scale specimens, regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between response quantities (plastic rotation capacity and strength degradation rate) and slenderness parameters for buckling. Regressions analyses performed on a linear and a nonlinear model showed that the response quantities are highly dependent on the slenderness ratio of web local buckling, not lateral-torsional buckling. Relationships between the response quantities and the slenderness ratios for both web and flange local buckling modes were developed. For a target plastic rotation capacity, the limiting width-thickness ratio of web local buckling for seismic design is presented. An investigation of the concrete slab effect showed that it would increase both the strength and plastic rotation capacity of the reduced beam section beams under positive bending. Under negative bending, however, the slab only enhanced the plastic rotation capacity slightly, implying that the slab cannot be counted on to brace the beam bottom flange.


This paper approaches financial risk and credit. It defines concepts of defaulter and insolvent, and also proposes methods to calculate their rates. The objective is to establish relations between macroeconomic data and rates of default and insolvency. The period used is from 1995 to 2005, in quarterly series. Default is considered here as arrearage up to three months, and insolvency, a delay over three months or the absence of payment. The sum of default rate and insolvency rate was called indebtedness. The statistical tool used was bivariate correlation. The correlation results were opposed between default and insolvency. Considering their definitions in this study, default and insolvency are antagonists.


Traditional house (Sao) in Gurusina Flores is a building designed based on local wisdom by considering the concept of cultural sustainability, the balance of ecosystem (human and nature), and the concept of green building. One of the aspects that becomes the basic concept of environmentally friendly architecture and affects sustainability of a building is the concept of building a traditional house. This study aims to find the concept of sustainability applied by the Gurusina community as they build their traditional houses through cultural aspects that are believed to be inherited through the concept of inner space hierarchy, the space form, and the construction system. The research method is conducted through field observation, measurement, and interview. The results of this study reveal that traditional community of Gurusina has implemented the concept of sustainability in the form of cultural sustainability which has been applied in the phases of building Sao from planning, development and design, as well as construction. Nevertheless, sustainability aspects of the balance in ecosystem, the health and comfort and the waste reduction should also be taken into account in order to achieve the concept of total sustainability.

Keywords: Sustainability, Vernacular, Traditional house, Gurusina Sao


Base on the structural characteristic,the optimal study during construction documents design phase of Zhuo Fu International Trade Financial Center was conducted.Safety,reasonability and economy are also considered.While keeping safety and achieving performance objectives,the structural design is more reasonable,as well as the cost of project is saved and the progress of construction is shortened.


The flow in a converging-diverging channel at Reτ = 180 is studied by Direct Numerical and Large Eddy Simulations. Continuous and pulsed jets are applied normally to the wall through a spanwise slot to delay the separation. The influence of the position is first analysed and it is shown that the control efficiency is closely linked to the location of the actuation within the channel. A parametric study on both the intensity and pulsating frequency for the "optimal" position shows that the separation can be drastically reduced and even vanishes with a proper choice of parameters. It is additionally reported that pulsed jets yield better results than continuous jets at an equivalent mass-flux. Moreover, low frequencies are shown to be more efficient than high frequencies. Aphysical analysis finally demonstrates that the efficiency of the low frequency pulsed jets is mainly due to the creation of spanwise structures, that does not occur in other cases.


The invention discloses a preparation method for a white mineral-titanium dioxide composite powder pigment. The white mineral-titanium dioxide composite powder pigment is prepared by firstly preparing slurries respectively from a white mineral powder and pigment-grade titanium dioxide with water, employing an organic modifier to perform surface modification, regulating the pH value, then uniformly mixing the prepared slurries, and performing strong stirring, press filtering and drying. The preparation method comprises the following advantages that 1) energy consumption is relatively low in the preparation process; 2) the surface of the prepared composite particle has hydrophobicity, and the particle is good in compatibility with organic matrix; 3) the preparation technology is simple, especially solid-liquid separation is easy to realize, and large-scale production is easy to realize; and 4) the production process is clean, no three wastes (waste gas, waste water and industrial residue) are discharged, and environment is not polluted.


In ordinary proxy signature,the original message to be signed was complete plain text to the proxy signer.But in reality,there may be some private information contained in the message to be signed,at this circumstance,it was not reasonable for the proxy singer to see the plain text.In order to solve this problem,used the blind-signature mechanism in proxy signature,presented a new proxy blind signature scheme.It is showed by analyzing that the proposed scheme can satisfy the fulfill properties of a proxy blind signature.Furthermore,it is not need a secure channel to transmit the proxy message.At the same time,the scheme can be used in electronic cash.


Standards for decision making in the newborn intensive care unit are discussed, and the implications for increasing involvement of parents in this process is described. Nursing implications are specifically addressed.


We examine the problem of a steady, inviscid, reduced-gravity rotating flow in a wedge around a sharp corner. Solutions to nonlinear equations are obtained via a power-series expansion in a Rossby number, diffraction theory and Green's function method. The wedge of an angle $\frac{3}{2}\pi $ is used, as an example, to show details of the solution. The results exhibit the relative importance of the pressure gradient, centrifugal and Coriolis forces. For re-entrant corners, a centrifugal upwelling of the interface occurs very close to the apex and, hence, is not important if coastal radii of curvature are comparable to, or larger than, the Rossby radius; the flow is also supercritical within an arc, whose size depends upon the Rossby number and the angle of the wedge. Using two or more corner solutions, plausible flow streamlines can be generated in more complicated domains, as long as no two corners are closer than the Rossby radius of deformation. This procedure is illustrated with two examples: (i) circulation in a channel mouth; and (ii) flow around a square bump in a coastline.


【Abstract】Chirp signal used as watermarking can be hidden in the spatial domain of the host image, and the watermarking is detected blindly through the fractional Fourier transform in the transform domain. To enhance the robust performance of the algorithm, this paper analyzes the reasonable order of fractional operator for direct discrete Fourier transform method, and hides a Chirp signal into low frequency wavelet-domain. Experiments show that the improved blind watermarking detection algorithm is robuster than the algorithm which embedded watermarking into the special domain of the host image, and can detect the Chirp watermarking rapidly. 【Key words】wavelet transform; fractional Fourier transform; digital image watermarking; Chirp signal


The article is dedicated to cytoembryology investigation of two cereals species: Hierochloe glabra (two populations from Kamchatka) and H. repens (one population from Lower Volga region). The plants of these populations are characterized by high frequency of ovules with few (2-4) megagametophytes (5,7; 8,6 и 25%, respectively). This point to the apoarhespory development of unreduced embryo sacs from somatic nucellus cells. The some unfertilized embryo sacs contain proembryo and nuclear endosperm, which indicate a potential of parthenogenesis and autonomous endospermogenesis, at least in the early development stage.


Application of heat pump technology is a effective way to achieve energy saving and emission reduction.In order to propose the heat pump system suitable for marine air conditioning,this paper takes a bulk carrier as the research object,calculates the annual dynamic cool and heat loads of ship,proposes five kinds of cold and heat source optional schemes and selects the equipments.On this basis,five optional schemes are evaluated by using the method of AHP from the following aspects:economic, energy consumption, environment, weight and size.The result shows that comprehensive properties of adopting double stage coupling water source heat pump in ship are better than other schemes.


Experimental teaching is an important part of pathology teaching,more and more pathology education scholars concern the subject of how to perform effective experimental teaching.The article attempts to make reform and exploration of how to mobilize the students' enthusiasm on pathological experiment and improve the students' comprehensive ability and innovation in study.


Past research in recommender systems has mainly focused on improving accuracy, i.e., making each single recommendation get as close to the user's information need as possible. However, while this approach works well when focusing on single recommendations as atomic entities, its usefulness to the consumer appears limited when considering entire recommendation lists along with their overall utility, which often appear to provide rather an unbalanced diet to the user: Recommendation lists seldom reflect the consumer's entire spectrum of interest but rather hook on to small portions that appear particularly favorable with regard to accuracy optimization. We analyze the diversification issue in detail and present a framework that is geared towards making lists as interesting and colorful as possible, trading a minimum of accuracy in exchange for the gain in diversity. Empirical evaluations aiming for actual user satisfaction underpin the cogency of our approach.


Over several decades doubt has been cast on the "β vibration" interpretation of the first excited 02 rotational bands in deformed nuclei. Experimental evidence is presented to show that low-lying 02 bands in deformed nuclei are 2p–2h seniority zero pairing isomers lowered into the pairing gap by configuration-dependent pairing. Doubts then arise about the interpretation of the lowest K = 2 rotational bands observed in all deformed nuclei as "γ vibrations". Experimental evidence for these K = 2 rotational bands existing as a consequence of the lack of axial symmetry is addressed. We are forced to conclude that "phonon excitation" models of even–even deformed nuclei are deeply flawed.


We consider recovering analytically the (generally complex) parameters $\mu$, $M_1$ and $M_2$ of the gaugino and Higgsino Lagrangian, from appropriate physical input in the chargino and neutralino sectors. For given $\tan\beta$, we obtain very simple analytic solutions for $M_2$, $| \mu|$, $Arg[\mu]$ in the chargino sector and a twofold $| M_1 |$, $Arg[M_1]$ analytic solution in the neutralino sector, assuming two chargino, two neutralino masses, and one of the chargino mixing angles as physical input. The twofold ambiguity in the neutralino parameters reconstruction may be essentially resolved by measuring the $e^+e^- \to \chi^0_1 \chi^0_2$ production cross-section at future linear collider energies, which we study explicitly with the phase dependences. Some salient features and specific properties of this complex case gaugino "spectrum inversion" are illustrated and compared with the similar inversion in the real case. In particular, our algorithms exhibit in a direct and transparent way the non-trivial theoretical correlation among the chargino and neutralino parameters, and the resulting allowed domains when only a subset of the required physical input masses and production cross-sections is known.


The mateship conference was held to address the issue of Australian Values, which was diverse and remarkably coherent. The ethos of mateship in war, workplace and politics were considered and gender was a recurring focus of the debates.


Today Optronic Countermeasure (OCM) concerns imply an IR Focal-Plane Array (FPA) facing an in-band laser irradiation. In order to evaluate the efficiency of new countermeasure concepts or the robustness of FPAs, it is necessary to quantify the whole interaction effects. Even though some studies in the open literature show the vulnerability of imaging systems to laser dazzling, the diversity of analysis criteria employed does not allow the results of these studies to be correlated. Therefore, we focus our effort on the definition of common sensor figures of merit adapted to laser OCM studies. In this paper, two investigation levels are presented: the first one for analyzing the local nonlinear photocell response and the second one for quantifying the whole dazzling impact on image. The first study gives interesting results on InSb photocell behaviors when irradiated by a picosecond MWIR laser. With an increasing irradiance, four different successive responses appear: from linear, logarithmic, decreasing ones to permanent linear offset response. In the second study, our quantifying tools are described and their successful implementation through the picosecond laser-dazzling characterization of an InSb FPA is assessed.


This paper introduces a novel visual servo controller designed to keep multiple moving objects in the camera field-of-view using a pan/tilt/zoom camera. In contrast to most visual servo controllers, there is no goal pose or goal image. In this paper, a set of task functions are developed to regulate the mean and variance of a set of image features. Regulating these task functions will deter feature points from leaving the camera field-of-view. An additional task function is used to maintain a high level of motion perceptibility, which ensures that desired feature point velocities can be achieved. To provide proper control of a pan/tilt/zoom camera, an image Jacobian is developed utilizing actuation of the focal length. Simulations of several object tracking tasks have verified the performance of the proposed method.


In this article, we discuss a leaning algorithm for extended SpikeProp network, which is a kind of spiking neural networks and encodes information by spike timing. Our research group proposed a learning algorithm for extended SpikeProp without redundant output spikes. The performance of the algorithm depends on the network structure. Here, we propose some algorithms that adjust the number of hidden units during its training. Concretely, they remove redundant units one by one. By some experiments, we select the most effective method. It is a method that removes unactive hidden unit when the error is decreased enough. The rate of success trainings is 95% regardless the number of hidden units. And The number of training cycles is less than half of the previous method.


To overcome the limitations of classical propeller theory, a computer program, NASPROP-E, was developed which solves for the flow field surrounding a multibladed propeller and axisymmetric nacelle combination using a finite difference method. The governing equations are the three dimensional unsteady Euler equations written in a cylindrical coordinate system. They are marched in time until a steady state solution is obtained. The Euler equations require no special treatment to model the blade work vorticity. The equations are solved using an implicit approximate factorization method. Numerical results are presented which have greatly increased the understanding of high speed propeller flow fields. Numerical results for swirl angle downstream of the propeller and propeller power coefficient are higher than experimental results. The radial variation of coefficient are higher than experimental results. The radial variation of swirl angle, however, is in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The predicted variation of power coefficient with blade angle agrees very well with data.


Two structurally simple rhodanine-based derivatives were synthesized and their UV-vis absorption spectra responses(in CH_2Cl_2-DMSO) on anions were examined.It was found that only fluoride can lead to remarkable spectrum changes.Job's plot indicates a 1:1 stoichiometric relation between receptors and fluoride,which was also confirmed by ~1H NMR titration.The interaction mode between fluoride and receptors may be attributed to either hydrogen bonding or deprotonation.


Metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) accounts for 25–30% of patients with renal cell cancer at presentation. In addition to this, a significant proportion of patients with localized disease at presentation will develop metastatic disease. With the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the treatment of mRCC has been radically altered. Several newer generation vascular endothelial growth factor receptor TKIs have been tested in the clinical setting over recent years, resulting in the availability of more drugs. We review the latest results from clinical trials and the implications these have on the management of patients with mRCC.


We consider a two-phase model described by a pressureless gas system with unilateral constraint. We prove weak stability and the existence of weak solutions by passing to the limit in the sticky-blocks dynamics. We obtain the maximum principle on the velocity, the Oleinik entropy condition and local entropy inequalities. Initial data are taken in a very weak sense since the solution can jump initially in time.


Objective:To explore the feasibility and safety of inject tirofiban before percutaneuos coronary intervention in diabetes patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.Methods:Eighty-six diabetes patients wih acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation(STEMI) were randomly divided into tirofiban treatment group(n=41) and conventional treatment group(n=45).The events of cardiovascular diseases(CVD) within one month and six months were studied and compared.Results:There were 9 cases of puncture syndrome in tirofiban treatment group and 9 cases conventional treatment group,and there was no significant difference between two groups.There were 6 events of CVD in tirofiban treatment group and 15 events in conventional treatment group within 1 month(P=0.044),but there were 9 events of CVD in tirofiban treatment group and 19 events in conventional treatment group within 6 months(P=0.045).The recover time of troponinⅠ was(5.5±2.1) day in tirofiban treatment group and(7.9±2.9) day in conventional treatment group(P=0.046).Conclusion:Inject tirofiban before percutaneuos coronary intervention for STEMI with diabates is safety and feasibility,which can reduce events of CVD within one month and six months.


A total of 48 sows(Landrace × Yorkshire) with the similar reproductive conditions were used to investigate the effects of β-carotene on reproductive performance,immune function and antioxidant capability in late-pregnancy sows.These sows were allocated to four treatments(12 sows per treatment) randomly at the 80th day of pregnancy,representing supplementation with 0(control),40,100 and 160 mg·kg-1 β-carotene microcapsules to the same basal diet till to parturition.At the 95th and 110th day of pregnancy,five sows were selected randomly from each treatment to obtain blood samples for serum immunoglobulin mensuration.The colostrums were collected after parturition for IgG mensuration.Dietary supplementation with 40,100 and 160 mg·kg-1 β-carotene increased the birth mass of piglets,the concentration of colostrums IgG and total antioxidant capability of serum in the sows on the 110th day of pregnancy(P0.05).Compared with the control group,supplementation with 160 mg·kg-1 β-carotene increased the litter mass and the concentrations of serum IgG,IgM and IgA(P0.05),but decreased the activities of serum GSH-PX and SOD in the sows on the 95th and 110th day of pregnancy(P0.05).These findings indicated that dietary β-carotene supplementation for late-pregnancy sows may improve birth mass of piglets,the immune function and the antioxidant capacity of sows,and the dose of 160 mg·kg-1 is in order.


The purpose of the research described here is to study the implementation of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) algorithms as an adequate means for propellant slosh simulations in 1g and 0g environments. The dualSPHysics solver has been adapted for propellant slosh simulations. Simulated sloshing liquid frequency and damping ratio data for 1g cases has been compared to existing experiments for both spherical and prismatic container geometries. The 0g case has been studied to determine what further modifications would be required to obtain realistic simulations results. The findings in this research will be used to create a sloshing simulation to determine torques applied to a cubesat during operations.


We have observed huge optical forces caused by multiple repetitions of adiabatic rapid passage sweeps with counterpropagating light beams that coherently exchange of momentum between atoms and the light field. It exceeds 10X radiative force.