In this work, an organic semiconductor of copper (II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) and Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (III) (Alq3) were entirely dissolved in chloroform with various mixing ratios (1:0,0.75:0.25,0.5:0.5,0.25:0.75,0:1) (w/w) to make thin films. They were deposited on a pre-cleaned glass using a spin-coating process and heat-treated at 473 K in vacuum. X-ray diffraction and a scanning electron microscope were used to investigate the films. XRD analysis reveals that CuPc/Alq3 composites have a polymorphic structure, with the exception of Alq3's amorphous structure, the crystallinity increases after annealing, but decreases when the concentration of Alq3 is increased. The quantity of (CuPc) rod-like structure and (Alq3) grain-like islands structure depends on the percentage of the combination. The compositional parameters of as-deposited and annealed thin films were explained using EDX data, which revealed that the sample was close to the nominal composition.


In Qu Yuan's works,he uses geminations to heighten the mood,to depict the character of things,to describe and imitate the sound,to narrate the true and deep feeling,to form the musical rhyme and fantastic rhetoric and so on.In such high artistic realm Su Shi's works are not comparable with Qu Yuan's.So Qu Yuan is the father of Chinese literature,while Su Shi is a great literary master.


It is believed that antiviral prophylaxis decreases the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and disease. There are few data regarding weekly assays for CMV DNA after transplantation and the subsequent management of CMV. Here we report a cohort of living related liver transplantation (LRLT) patients who were treated for invasive CMV disease or for CMV infections if they were receiving steroids for rejection. Patients who underwent liver transplantation at our center between September 2006 and August 2010 and were recipient‐positive/donor‐positive (R+/D+) were prospectively included. Patients were tested for CMV DNA 3 weeks after transplantation. CMV DNA–positive patients underwent weekly DNA monitoring until there were 2 consecutive negative reports. Those who developed CMV disease or had rising DNA titers while they were on treatment for rejection were treated. A Cox regression analysis was performed for factors predicting survival. Two hundred sixty‐six of the 306 R+/D+ patients were CMV DNA–negative 3 weeks after transplantation, and 40 had detectable DNA. One of the DNA‐negative patients developed CMV disease after treatment for rejection with methylprednisolone. Thirty patients had <500 copies/mL, and 10 had ≥500 copies/mL. Two of the 30 patients with DNA levels < 500 copies/mL developed CMV disease. Six of the 10 patients with DNA levels ≥500 copies/mL developed disease. CMV disease occurred in 9 of the 306 patients (2.9%). One patient received treatment for a rise in DNA titers while he was receiving steroids. There was a significant correlation between steroid administration for acute cellular rejection (ACR) and CMV reactivation (P = 0.003) and disease (P = 0.002). A multivariate analysis showed that CMV reactivation/disease did not predict survival. There was no difference in survival between CMV DNA–positive patients and CMV DNA–negative patients (P = 0.68). In conclusion, CMV reactivation is common after LRLT (13%), but the disease is rare (2.9%) without prophylaxis in CMV immunoglobulin G–positive recipients. The administration of steroids for ACR strongly correlates with CMV reactivation and disease. CMV reactivation and disease did not affect survival in our patient cohort. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.


Genus Coelioxys Latreille, 1809 in Egypt is reviewed. Nine species and one subspecies were previously recorded from Egypt, C. afra, C. conoidea, C. echinatus, C. elegantula, C.erythrurus, C.haemorrhoa, C.haemorrhoa rhodacantha, C. obtusus, C. rufispina and C. decipiense . The species are described, illustrated and a key to the species occurring in Egypt is provided and a faunistic list is given.


The craftsman's spirit is a realistic need for the survival and development of higher vocational colleges, as well as the employment and personal development of students. The cultural construction departments of higher vocational colleges should attach importance to the promotion of the craftsman's spirit. By strengthening the design of various concepts such as the styles of teaching and study as well as the campus spirit, students could be encouraged to have the ingenuity possessed by craftsmen and adhere to their beliefs. Relying on the two important training platforms of schools and enterprises, the higher vocational education system should adopt the "12246" talent training mode to cultivate the craftsman's spirit. The spirit of craftsman is the need of industrial transformation and upgrading, and also the focal point of cultivating skilled talents.


We studied the interferon system in ten children with newly-diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and found increased serum levels of interferon in seven of the ten patients. An anti-viral state of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found in 9 of of 10 IDDM patients. These findings are similar to those found in non-diabetics with acute viral infections and suggest that viral infection may be associated with the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.


SUMMARY A one-dimensional conditional procedure defines a partition of the sample space into curves which can be represented by means of a unit vector field. A formula is given for the conditional distribution in terms of local properties of the vector field. Conditions are developed for reducing the first-order effects of nuisance parameters and reproducing to higher order the likelihood change for the parameter of interest. The emphasis is on extending exponential family methods after locally approximating the statistical model by an exponential family.


In this paper,analysis was made on the roof structure and lithological properties of the fully mechanized caving face in No. 6 coal seam in Suancigou Coal Mine and two concepts of the caving-mining ratio and the roof toughness were put forward in order to explore the causes of the very strong strata behaviors in this face. Analysis was also carried out on the relation of the caving-mining ratio and the roof toughness with the strata behaviors through the theoretical analysis and calculation as well as the field measurement. The results showed that under the condition of small caving-mining ratio and strong roof toughness,the strata behaviors in the fully mechanized caving face presented the basic features of strong or very strong pressure,the roof was very difficult to control,this was the main factor causing the strong strata behaviors in this fully mechanized caving face of this mine.


The Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC) system evaluation was based on an ICC Field Operational Test (FOT) performed in Michigan. The FOT involved 108 volunteers recruited to drive ten ICC-equipped Chrysler Concordes. Testing was initiated in July 1996 and completed in September 1997. The ICC system tested automatically maintains a set time-headway between an ICC-equipped vehicle and a preceding vehicle through throttle modulation and down-shifting (but not braking). The overall goals were to evaluate: (1) Safety Effects of the ICC System; (2) ICC System and Vehicle Performance; (3) User Acceptance of the ICC System; and (4) System Deployment Issues. The FOT provided three primary sources of data used in the evaluation: (1) digital data on ICC system and vehicle performance (e.g., velocity, time-headway, range) collected in deci-second intervals by an on-board data acquisition system; (2) video data from a forward-looking camera mounted on the vehicle; and (3) participant questionnaires and focus groups. The data were collected by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) and forwarded on CD-ROM disks. A special database was established to support the evaluation. In addition, a number of data processing and analysis tools were also developed. This evaluation report describes the approaches used to address each evaluation goal, discusses detailed results and findings, and makes recommendations in each area. Volume I provides the study results and Volume II provides the supporting appendices. With respect to the primary evaluation goal (safety), it was concluded that use of the ICC system was associated with safer driving compared to manual control and, to a lesser extent, conventional cruise control, and is projected to result in net safety benefits if widely deployed. The evaluation also uncovered some areas of safety concern associated with ICC driving. There are several ameliorating factors, however, that suggest the concerns do not represent an overall safety problem for the ICC system.


Through the introduction of process automation, the supervision of multiple functions becomes more and more the role of a single human operator, the 'process manager', assisted by a process information system. Consequently, the level of direct involvement of the human operator with the actual process is decreasing. From a human factors point of view, there is ample evidence that lack of attention to human aspects in early phases of the development process can result in ill-usable systems and contributes to what is called 'human error'. Therefore, user characteristics should be integrated into the design of the human interface of the process information system, for the purpose of minimising error and optimising system performance.


Galactinol and raffinose act together to protect dormant buds against limited availability of winter water; the apple galactinol synthases MdGolS1 and MdGolS2 are responsible for their seasonal accumulation during dormancy.


The early days: although considered a species to be avoided in peptide chemistry, the intermediacy of 5(4H)-oxazolones is demonstrated to be essential for the formation of peptides through cyanamide and carbodiimide activation in aqueous solution.


BackgroundThe Paediatric Improvement Plan (PIP) is a 12 workstream plan covering the main paediatric areas in the hospital as well as key themes such as medicines management. It was constructed to ensure the department provides the level of care expected by the Trust and the Care Quality Commission (CQC). 27 of the actions within the plan address the CQC domain 'safe', 25 'well led', and four 'effective'.ObjectivesThe main aims were:Documentation of operational policies and practices.Ensuring nursing training competencies were met, documented and used to facilitate safe rostering.Standardising paperwork and practices.Improving communication around governance.Ensuring children and young people cared for outside the paediatric department were provided with equitable care.MethodsThe PIP started with 50 points to be actioned, and review identified a further six. These were split into three time divisions based on importance and feasibility of implementing the recommendations. The majority fell into the 0–6 month timeframe (other timeframes are 6 months-2 years and 2–5 years). Points were marked as 'Red' if no action had been taken, 'Amber' if action was in progress, 'Green' if actions were complete, and 'Blue' if the impact had been evidenced.ResultsOver a four month period, 34 (92%) 'Red' actions have been addressed and 10 completed ('Green' or 'Blue'). There are now no 'Red' actions in the 0–6 month timeframe.Key achievements:A rapid access clinic has been established to see patients who require urgent but not emergency review. It also addresses training needs of paediatric registrars.Evidencing and documentation of nursing competencies such as life support training has improved and is factored into rostering.Training on nurse-led discharge, medicine management, 'TTA' pre-packs and controlled drugs has resumed.Seven operational and clinical policies were written, and another five are in progress. Many involved clinicians who had not previously written such documents.While awaiting the Trust wide introduction of governance boards, a monthly paediatric governance newsletter was designed. Neonatal governance meetings were reintroduced and a monthly medicine management meeting started.A neonatal quality improvement group now meets monthly.ConclusionsA written plan with clearly documented actions, responsible owner and timeframes proved invaluable, as did having a co-ordinator with dedicated time. Involving and motivating the whole multi-disciplinary team was perhaps most crucial to the success of the PIP.My background as a paediatric registrar allowed me to see through a clinical lens and understand competing demands. During the four month period, 11 junior doctors became involved in improvement projects, and a number joined the neonatal quality improvement group.The COVID-19 pandemic created unique challenges. Demands on the workforce were immense and there was little spare capacity to take on additional improvement work. Many face-to-face courses and training sessions were cancelled or moved online. This remains a challenge to addressing outstanding training requirements, particularly life support training for nursing staff.


Defect formation on advanced photomasks used for DUV lithography has introduced new challenges at low k/sub 1/ processes industry wide. Especially at 193 nm scanner exposure, the mask pattern surface, pellicle film and the enclosed space between the pellicle and pattern surface can create a highly reactive environment. This environment can become susceptible to defect growth during repetitive exposure of a mask on DUV lithography systems due to the flow of high energy through the mask. Due to increased number of fields on the wafer, a reticle used at a 300 mm wafer fab receives roughly double the number of exposures without any cool down period, as compared to the reticles in a 200 mm wafer fab. Therefore, 193 nm lithography processes at a 300 mm wafer fab put lithographers and defect engineers into an area of untested mask behavior. During the scope of this investigation, an attenuated phase shift mask (attPSM) was periodically exposed on a 193 nm scanner and the relationship between the number of exposures (i.e., energy passed through the mask during exposures) versus defect growth was developed. Finally, chemical analysis of these defects was performed in order to understand the mechanism of this "growth".


The proliferation of small Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) in the past decade has been driven, in part, by the diverse applications that various industries have found for these platforms. Originally, these applications were predominately military in nature but now include law enforcement/security, environmental monitoring/remote sensing, agricultural surveying, movie making and others. Many of these require sensors/payloads such as cameras, laser pointers/ illuminators/rangefinders and other systems that must be pointed and/or stabilized and therefore require a precision miniature gimbal or other means to control their line-of-sight (LOS). Until now, these markets have been served by traditional/larger gimbals; however, the latest class of small UAVs demands much smaller gimbals while maintaining high-performance. The limited size and weight of these gimbaled devices result in design challenges unique to the small-gimbal design field. In the past five years, Ascendant Engineering Solutions has engaged in designing, analyzing and building several small-gimbal systems to meet these challenges and has undertaken a number of trade studies to investigate techniques to achieve optimal performance within the inherent limitations mentioned above. These have included investigating various gimbal configurations, feedback sensors such as gyros, IMUs and encoders, drive train configurations, control system techniques, packaging and interconnect, as well as technology such as fast-steering mirrors and image-stabilization algorithms. This paper summarizes the results of these trade studies, attempts to identify inherent trends and limitations in the various design approaches and techniques, and discusses some practical issues such as test and verification.


The incursion of public policies into the cultural sphere during the period 1946-1955 meant the realization of a project of great complexity where art and artistic education were promoted from different ways. One of these was formal arts education through the creation of schools and conservatories aimed at training professional artists. The other was the promotion by the State of numerous artistic experiences of a vocational or amateur nature, whose main objective was to democratize cultural content while hierarchizing popular culture. We intend to reconstruct and analyze one of these experiences, that of the vocational theatres, considering their practices, scope, objectives, and, at the same time, its connection with the previous similar artistic experiences in the country, many of them were already developed at the beginning of the twentieth century.


The current study examines whether parent ratings of children's numeracy skills are skill- and domain-specific to inform how to best utilize parent ratings in research. Children in the sample (N=129) ranged from 3.07 to 5.95 years old and 52.3% were male. Most (81%) of the children were White. Parents were asked to rate their children's counting, simple arithmetic, and numeral identification skills. Children were directly assessed on these skills, as well as their broad numeracy abilities, and other cognitive skills (e.g., expressive vocabulary, executive function). Parent ratings of their children's numeracy skills varied in terms of how skill-specific they were. However, aggregated parent ratings predicted directly assessed broad numeracy abilities, more so than other cognitive skills, providing evidence for discriminant validity. Findings inform how parent ratings may be used in research, especially in cases where children cannot be directly assessed, such as when large-scale parent surveys are used.


In 1998, the BMJ published a meta-analysis that compared the effects of fluids containing albumin and crystalloids on death rates in critically ill patients.1 The analysis included 24 studies involving 1419 patients. The report concluded that there was no evidence that albumin reduced mortality and a strong implication that it might increase the risk of death. The authors recommended that use of albumin in critically ill patients be reviewed urgently and that albumin should not be used outside the context of rigorously conducted randomised controlled trials. Despite the fact that the reviewers themselves advised that their results must be interpreted with caution, an accompanying editorial called for a total halt to the use of albumin in critically ill patients.2 In the following weeks, numerous editorials and letters published in the BMJ debated the various merits of using albumin, without reaching consensus.3–6

As we approach the …


This research aims at clarifuing the differences and similarities on the usage and the functions, also describing the characteristics between prefix un- and disi
used iu an English-Indonesian dictionary by John M. Echols and Hasan Shadifu. The type of research is qualitative qualitative, The object of the study is affixes in prefix un- and dis- in an English-Indonesion dictionary. The data are words containing affixes found an English-Indonesian dictionary. The data collection method employed by rnriter is reading, selecting, collecting, and classiSing the affixes, especially prefix un- and dis- in an English-Indonesian dictionary by John M. Echols and Hasan Shadily.
The results of this research are as follows: the imilarities the usage between prefix un- and dis- are (1) both ofprefixes un- and dis- can form noun, verb, and
adjective, (2) they can be changed from noun iato verb category, (3) they are dervational affrxes. The diffiences the usage between prefix un- and dis are (l) prefix un- is often followed by adjective category, although prefix dis- is often followed by noun category, (2) prefix un- can be formed from noun into adective category and verb into noun, although prefix dis' can be formed from adjective into verb category, (3) prefix un- can change from adverb into adverb category. The similarity in aword used prefixes un- and dis-, although the difference is they have tlre differences meaning. The characteristics prefix un- is followed by the all of alphabet, except consonant [x]. Although prefix dis- is Prefix dis- can not be followed by consonant [d], [i], [k], [m], [n], [t], [v], [w], [xl, [yl, and [z]. The
functions is form noun, verb, and adjective.


Abstract The rotational spectrum of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) has been studied using a pulsed molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The spectrum is complicated by the internal rotation motions of the three methyl tops in the molecule as well as an interconversion motion of the two methoxy groups. Here, we present the microwave spectrum, the ab initio calculations, and the assignment of the rigid-rotor A-symmetry state of the molecule. The rotational constants for this state are A =2828.753(2) MHz, B =1972.360(3) MHz, and C =1614.267(2) MHz. In the following paper, a group theoretical analysis is developed for DMMP. The observed conformation of the molecule has no point-group symmetry and all three electric-dipole selection rules are active, with c -type transitions being the most intense. Ab initio calculations were carried out at both the Hartree–Fock 6-31G* and MP2/6-311G* levels of theory. These calculations indicate that two low-energy conformations are possible separated by energies of less than 170 cm −1 . Furthermore, the calculated lowest energy conformer is in agreement with the one observed experimentally. The relative energies of the two low-energy conformers rise from 34 cm −1 at the HF level to 170 cm −1 at the MP2 level.


Photosynthetic rate (Pn) of plants is determined by environment, such as temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), and light. Light environment includes light intensity (LI) and light quality (LQ). It is important to build a predictive model of protected crops' Pn where LI, LQ and other environmental factors are comprehensively considered. In this paper, cucumber was taken as experimental material, and a nested experiment was designed to measure the Pn under different temperature, CO2 concentration ([CO2]), LI and LQ. On the bases of these measured data, a predictive model of Pn was built by using support vector regression (SVR) algorithm. The performance of training set with coefficient of determination (DC) of 0.9990, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.0478 µmol·m-2·s-1 demonstrated that the model is highly accurate after training. The validation results of predictive model showed that the fitting slope was 1.0015, and the intercept was 0.0223 between measured and predicted Pn values, which indicated that the model was accurate to calculate the Pn of plants under different environment.


A polarization-reconfigurable single-fed patch antenna loaded with a smaller parasitic stacked bandwidth-enhancing patch are reported in this letter. The antenna system is optimized to operate at 29 GHz with three polarization modes that can be reconfigured electronically. The structure consists of two Rogers 3003 substrates of thicknesses of 0.25 and 0.50 mm for the driven antenna and the parasitic one, respectively. The main antenna's ground layer has four square loops etched out to excite the current paths on the driven patch needed for circular polarizations. These four slot loops are placed in the driven patch's four corners and are controlled with four P-I-N didoes. By shorting two diagonally placed slot loops, a circular polarization (CP) mode is created while shorting all of them will result in linearly polarized (LP) radiation. The measured gain and relative impedance bandwidth (BW) of the left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) are 3.1 dB and 5.4%, respectively. Similar results are obtained for the RHCP due to symmetry in structure and biasing conditions. The LP case reached a gain of 4.0 dB and a relative impedance BW of 5.45%. The overall size of the antenna system is 10.2×14.1×0.784 mm3 with a radiation efficiency above 90%. Measurement results are compared and validated with simulations.


[Objective] To study the main causes of premature death among doctors in a hospital of Lianyungang and its hazardous degree.[Methods] Potential Years of Life Lost(PYLL)index was applied to analyze the major causes of death and the hazardous degree among the hospital staff during 1992—2006.[Results] The major causes of death that harm the health of the medical staff were malignant tumors and heart diseases,the victims were between the age of 55 and 65;13 out of the 15 death were medical staff members(86.7%),which indicated that these type II diseases were the major causes of death among the medical staff;while,the abnormal death such as suicide led to the increase of the Average Potential Years of Life Lost(APYLL)by 47.5%.[Conclusion]Malignant tumors and heart disease are the major causes of premature death among the senile medical staff.


The reduction of a matrix to a normal form enables one to study the matrix in its simplest and most convenient shape and to relate the theory of matrices to scientific applications more readily. This paper presents an algorithm for computing symbolically the Smith normal form of a matrix. Besides some introductory basic comments and the above algorithm, a method for computing the greatest common divisor of n polynomials in pairwise fashion is also set forth. (RWR)


This study was undertaken to establish a method for diagnosing pericardial effusions quickly, simply, and accurately without danger to the patient. Ultrasound examination that was used in this study employed the B mode (cross-sectional representation) in which the vertical deflections of the A scan are turned on end and make a line of dots on the cathode ray tube. These, at the appropriate time, outline the anatomy including moving structures which are seen as wavy lines in the final picture and on the fluorescent oscilloscopic screen. Forty-three patients, 23 suspected of having pericardial effusion, were studied. The diagnosis usually was made on posterior examination and confirmed on anterior examination. Cardio-echograms are shown to provide an accurate, quick, simple method of diagnosing pericardial effusion that is accurate for use in estimating the size of the large effusions.


Alternative accepted methods of aggregating prices and quantities of beer, spirits and wine could yield different conclusions for intertemporal comparisons. In this study Fisher's index is used to measure changes in per capita consumption and price of alcoholic beverages in Canada, 1957-83. The results are typically very close to those obtained from measures based on pure alcohol content.


The concept of RFID based power consumption finds application in software companies. The computers present in the software agency are accessed at the same time. There are cases where some user may forget to shut down the computer which may result in wastage of more energy and money. This RFID technology can be employed to design an automatic energy-saving system to be usedin computer labs. The computers can be made to shut down or suspend automatically when not in use We can therefore save unnecessary energy waste and decrease carbon dioxide emissions and slow global warming. Keywords: RFID-based energy consumption, radio frequency identification technology


The effects of verapamil on myocardial contractility were examined in perfused rabbit ventricular preparations. Verapamil (0.2 μM) decreased the time derivative of developed force (dF/dt) of the preparations paced at 90 beats/min to 39 ± 3% (SE) of the control value. Partial reversal to 76 ± 5% of the control value was achieved by subsequent perfusion with drug-free Krebs solution. Verapamil hastened the decline and delayed the return of contractility in response to a cycle of calcium washout and reperfusion. It converted the response to increased heart rate from positive (Bowditch effect) to negative inotropism. Moreover, the sensitivity to the drug was frequency related; the drug concentration required to induce a 50% decrease in dF/dt was an inverse function of heart rate, suggesting that the drug altered contractility by interfering with a phenomenon associated with systole. Verapamil did not decrease the magnitude of the positive inotropic response to 0.5 μM ouabain, although a significant delay in the development of the response was observed. After 8 minutes of ouabain perfusion dF/dt had increased 35 ± 2% in the absence of verapamil but only 13 ± 1% in the presence of 1.0, μM verapamil. The maximum response to ouabain was a 39 ± 4% increase at 9 minutes in the absence of verapamil and a 34 ± 2% increase at 23 minutes in the presence of verapamil. These results suggest that the responses to increased frequency and to cardiac glycosides are not explained by a common mechanism such as sodium-calcium exchange occurring during diastole or any other diastole-related mechanism for calcium influx. However, the possibility that both events are mediated by some common mechanism occurring during systole has not been eliminated.


ABSTRACT In this article, an analytical approach, namely, multi-level residue harmonic balance is introduced and developed for the nonlinear free vibration analysis of axially loaded beams with an internal hinge. The main advantage of this method is that only one set of nonlinear algebraic equations is required to be solved for obtaining the zero level solution while the high accuracy of the higher level solutions can be obtained by solving a set of linear equations. The new approximate analytical solution method is developed for solving the governing differential equations. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by a numerical method. In the comparison, the results obtained from the proposed method well agree with those from other methods. The effects of vibration amplitude, axial force, and hinge location on the fundamental frequencies of various beam cases are investigated. The optimum and worst hinge locations are also studied.


Synopsis: In order to develop continuouslydassy-cast steels for cold rolled sheet, the deoxidation of liquid steel has been studied. Deoxidizers of the series of Al-Si-Mn can be basically used satisfactorily for the purpose. Especially the cold rolled steel sheet of the composition of C=0.03-0.07%, Si=0.03-0.07%, Mn=0-40-0.50%,and acid sol-A1•...0.008% is good enough for the view point of mechanical properties; its surface defects are sufficiently few. Moreover, non-metallic inclusions decrease by the addition of complex deoxidizers as a part of deoxidizers. The composition of deoxidation product is studied from the view point of chemical equilibrium.


The film strain of Saccharomyces grows through non-film and film stages. The differences in cell surface hydrophobicity were examined at both stages. The degree of hydrophobic was quantitatively determined by comparing distribution ratios of cells between buffered aqueous and organic solvent phases. The cell surface in the film stage was more hydrophobic than that in the non-film stage, whereas the inherent non-film strain of Saccharomyces always showed low hydrophobicity. These results indicate that the change from non-film to film stage was due to a change in cells from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The effects of growth conditions on hydrophobicity were further examined with the film strain Saccharomyces bayanus. Ethanol as sole carbon source more efficiently increased hydrophobicity than glucose. The increase in hydrophobicity seemed to depend upon respiration accompanying assimilation of ethanol. It was also found that the addition of a limited amount of biotin, as well as higher pH in medium lowered h...


We demonstrate a dual frequency comb based on gain-switched multiple quantum well discrete-mode laser sources and mutual optical injection locking. The DFC generated spanned approximately 100 GHz around 2.002 μm with 2 GHz frequency spacing.


In monitoring high-speed micro-milling, acoustic emission is used to explore the relationship between the machining parameters and the acoustic emission signal under different processing parameters. The acquired acoustic emission signal is denoised by singular value decomposition based on Hankel matrix, and the characteristic values of the denoising signal is calculated by ensemble empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert-Huang transform. Results show that the characteristic values of the acoustic emission signal can represent the change in machining parameters, such as the spindle speed, and the acoustic emission signal is suitable for monitoring the micro-milling process.


The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of Pd(CN)4 ion have been theoretically examined by means of standard quantum chemical techniques. All normal modes have been assigned to one of six types of motion (C N and Pd-C stretching, Pd-C N in plane and out of plane bending, CPd-C in plane and out of plane bending) utilizing the D4h symmetry of Pd(CN)4 ion. Calculations have been performed at HF, BLYP and B3LYP levels of theory using the Lanl2dz effective core basis set. Infrared intensities and Raman activities of vibrational frequencies have also been calculated. Theoretical results have been successfully compared against available experimental data.


The text typology theory is advocated by German scholar Katharina Reiss and British scholar Peter Newmark.It puts great emphasis on the adoption of the translation strategies according to concrete textual functions.Tourism belongs to culture industry,and the most important functions of tourism texts are informative function and vocative function.Informative function is the premise,and vocative function is final goal.The translation of tourism texts should lay the reader in the central position to ensure the success of communication.


Pelvic radiographs of 25 children aged 6 months to 2 years had the acetabular index measured 3 times by each of five pediatric orthopaedists. Interobserver measurements were found to vary +/-3.0 degrees, whereas the intraobserver variation was +/-3.6 degrees. This error reflects only measurement error and does not consider error introduced with different positioning of the pelvis.


Cloud computing provides several attractive benefits for users like on-demand computing, pay as per use. It brings great convenience to consumers; where shared resources, data and information are provided to computers on-demand and consumer has to pay as per use. Ideally for these services, consumers should be in a position to verify the charges billed to them. Cloud computing and storage solutions provide users and enterprises with various capabilities to store and process their data. But on other hand consumers are facing serious difficulties that how to search the most suitable services from cloud. It is desirable to store data on data storage servers such as mail servers and file servers in encrypted form to reduce security and privacy risks. Encryption is the process of encoding messages or information in such a way that only authorized parties can read it. Multiple encryption techniques are invented to encrypt the data. The searchable encryption increasing the attention of many researchers and hence different search methods over encrypted cloud data have been proposed. Semantic search addresses all limitations of existing search methods. This scheme not only supports keyword-based semantic search over encrypted data, but also provides verifiable searchability with data privacy preserving. This method achieves flexibility too. But these existing searchable encryption methods based on keyword search do no longer fully satisfy the new challenge and users' increasing needs. As it assumes that only limited number of data owner and data users, this can make huge load on single cloud server with more waiting time. To achieve scalability we introduced multi-cloud concept, if number of requests coming to current single cloud crosses the set threshold value it start transferring incoming requests to another cloud server to handle. This can saves lot of time, and increases the reliability and scalability of proposed system.


Recently, scholars have argued of the necessity of going beyond "judicial dialogues" and "conflict-and-power" approaches to the analysis of the role of national Constitutional Courts in the Union. On the one hand, there are risks connected to a "too welcoming an approach by national constitutional courts to EU law"; on the other hand, it is possible to criticize both the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and some national Constitutional Courts for other, less cooperative, decisions. I share this cautious approach for many reasons, and primarily because the preliminary ruling mechanism does not exhaust all the possible means of communication between constitutional courts and the CJEU. For instance, what Komárek calls "parallel references" can serve, in some circumstances, as a technique of alternative (or hidden) dialogue, that has favored a sort of "remote dialogue" over the years. My sole point of disagreement with this scholarly position is over the role of conflicts in this scenario. Whilst Komárek seems to confine conflicts to phenomena of mere resistance or to "'cold' strategic considerations," in this work I am going to adopt a much broader idea of conflict, which goes beyond mere "conflicts and power games."


This paper presents a systematic solution to the ICMP tunneling problem. ICMP is not multiplexed via port numbers and the data part of the ICMP packet provides considerable bandwidth for covert channels. These factors make it an integral part of various malicious software such as remote access and denial of service attack tools. These tools use ICMP to establish covert communication channels. In this paper a stateless model is proposed to prevent ICMP tunneling. A Linux kernel module was implemented to demonstrate the proposed stateless solution. The module enforces a fixed payload policy for ICMP packets and virtually eliminates ICMP tunneling which arises due to the data carrying capability of ICMP. The performance impact on end hosts and routers due to our stateless monitoring model show that it can eliminate ICMP tunneling with modest performance penalties.


Disclosed an optical disk drive, and a spindle unit having a motor and the optical pickup is accessed to the disk for rotating the disk, a tray that is installed able to be slid on the main body, provided on the main body by applying an elastic force in a horizontal direction on one side of the tray, and a pressing member for preventing vibration when the tray comes in and out. In this implementation of the optical disk drive in the tray can be smoothly slide without shaking from side to side by the same configuration is possible.


Deep seismic sounding data of earth's crust explorations are complicated by intensive additive noise consist of man–caused multiplex wave compositions. Therefore intense interfering effect embarrass to detect and trace the target waves. Authors made a suggestion of application of adaptive finite impulse response filter in order to enhance wave field resolution. This article describes the results of spectral analysis of seismic data are derived from deep seismic sounding on the geological–geophysical survey 8–DV.


The purpose of the given work is calculation of characteristics, diagrammes of dispersion, diagrammes of an orientation, etc., a linear antenna lattice from oblique wave guides in an azimuthal plane for case Е-polarised wave.


In recent years a growing number of researches have been conducted to address the behavioral genetics about music activity.These studies include animals' musical activity,human musical cognition and the difference between gender and ability,the inheritance of musical ability and environmental impacts,as well as the mechanism of molecular biology about music emotion.Music modulates gene expression and facilitates cells' growth,dissociation,apoptosis,albumen compound,meanwhile modulates hormone exudation,facilitates nerve growth;lacking some gene(such as VPR1a,5-HTT) will disadvantage for humans' musical ability;the molecule driving between some gene's sites conveys the information about inheritance of musical ability,but this ability is also affected by the co-function of gene and environment;favorable music emotion could improve immunital function,modulates natural killer cell(NK) to the normal level.All these point out that the behavioral genetics is a new perspective of musical psychology.


ABSTRACT
 One of the factors affecting the life expectancy of hanging scrolls is the storage environment. Our study focused on clarifying the degradation behaviour of painting paper, concentrating on the specific storage conditions that provide an airtight environment in a storage box and the stacked structure of the rolled paper rather than considering the materials of the wooden storage box or the gases generated from it. The degradation behaviour and rates for the sealed tube and moist heat ageing methods, excluding the additional effects of light and air pollutants, were compared. When the painting paper was immersed in a CuSO4・5H2O solution instead of a copper green pigment, the oxidation of the painting paper, attributed to Cu2+, proceeded faster with the sealed tube method than with the moist heat method. The co-occurring organic acids generated, namely glycolic and formic acids, which were secondary components, were detected in a higher amount in the first lining paper than the painting paper. This implies that the acids migrated from the painting paper into the lining paper. However, oxalic acid, which was the main component, did not significantly migrate and remained in the reaction system in the sealed tube without volatilising. This increased the hydrogen ion concentration in the painting paper and accelerated acid hydrolysis. Consequently, discolouration and a decrease in the degree of polymerisation and physical strength proceeded faster with the sealed tube method than with the moist heat method. Thus, although this result does not necessarily invalidate the storage system of a rolled hanging scroll in a box, the storage of a deteriorated hanging scroll in a closed system is expected to degrade the painting paper faster than it would in an open system.


Behind contemporary Christian-Muslim interaction and dialogue lie centuries of historical baggage that have resulted in misconception, misunderstanding, and mistrust. Two of the primary historical phenomena that color Christian-Muslim interaction and dialogue are the Crusades and colonial imperialism. This article concerns itself with these two historical events. After a brief description of Christian-Muslim interaction at the time of Muhammad, it discusses the volatile topic of the Crusades. It gives particular focus to three influential Christian leaders who, during the time of the Crusades, disagreed with the militaristic approach of the Crusaders. Then the article addresses Christian-Muslim interaction during the era of colonial imperialism.


This paper presents an approach for autonomous and reliable localization of fugitive methane emissions and quantification of source emission rates over large regions of interest. Previous methods have used single mobile unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) leak localization, but as a result cannot disambiguate multiple sources when plumes overlap. The novel method presented in this paper implements a mobile heterogeneous sensor network comprised of aerial- and ground-based platforms equipped with on-board concentration sensors. The UGVs use a recursive Bayesian method to probabilistically determine all source rates in a region of interest (RoI). Using a flux estimation method for path integrated concentration measurements surrounding a point source, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are shown to reliably estimate source emission rates. By communicating information about concentration measurements to the UAVs, the UGVs are shown able to collaboratively plan efficient measurement paths resulting in accurate disambiguation and estimation of all source emission rates in the RoI.


Pd-Ni nanoparticles have been fabricated by gas aggregation process. The formation of Pd-Ni nano-alloys was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. By depositing Pd-Ni nanoparticles on the interdigital electrodes, quantum conductance-based hydrogen sensors were fabricated. The Ni content in the nanoparticle showed an obvious effect on the hydrogen response behavior corresponding to the conductance change of the nanoparticle film. Three typical response regions with different conductance-hydrogen pressure correlations were observed. It was found that the α-β phase transition region of palladium hydride moves to significant higher hydrogen pressure with the addition of nickel element, which greatly enhance the hydrogen sensing performance of the nanoparticle film.


Facial expression recognition(FER) is an important research area in human-computer interaction. In this paper, a new dimensionality reduction method together with a new classifier are proposed for FER. The goals of most dimensionality reduction contains minimizing the within-class distances. However, the within-class distances for some expressions could be very large, so that to minimize these distances could largely influence the optimization function. To overcome this defect, a new dimensionality reduction method is proposed by adding a penalty item, which is the sum of within distances that are far from each other. Through maximizing this item, the distances among faces with the same expression that are far from each other cannot be minimized to too small. Besides, this method can partly characterize the density information from training samples. To make full use of density information, a new classification method is developed that is based on the enhanced cognitive gravity model. The conducted experiments validate the proposed approach in term of the performance of facial expression recognition. The approach presents the excellent performance over previously available techniques.


In this paper we discuss the recent developments of logic and explain what can be done to promote a bright future for logic. After comments on the contest The Future of Logic that took place during the 5th UNILOG in Istanbul in 2015, we give a general idea of how logic can be practiced and understood, emphasizing in particular the distinction between logic as reasoning and logic as the science of reasoning. And we discuss some projects we have launched: the book series Logic PhDs, series of events such as UNILOG, SQUARE and LIQ, the Logic Prizes Contest and the World Logic Day.


This study examined interpersonal competence configurations in a sample of 315 fifth-grade students (170 girls and 145 boys) from 8 elementary schools in the Appalachian region. Teachers completed the Interpersonal Competence Scale–Teacher (ICS-T) for each student. The ICS-T consists of 18 7-point Likert scales to assess academic achievement, aggression, internalizing behavior, popularity, social skills, and athletic ability/attractiveness. Teachers also completed scales pertaining to social adaptation. Students completed peer behavioral assessments, sociometric surveys, and social network surveys. Nearly 40% of students were in high-competence configurations characterized by high teacher ratings on academic, behavioral, and social adjustment. These configurations were associated with high end-of-year grades and standardized achievement test scores and with positive peer relationships. In contrast, 16% of girls and 27% of boys were in high-risk configurations characterized by high teacher ratings of academic, behavioral, and social difficulties. These configurations were associated with low end-of-year grades and standardized test scores and with social and behavioral difficulties that are predictive of later adjustment problems. We also identified moderate-risk configurations that tended to fall between high-competence and high-risk configurations in terms of their relation to academic achievement and peer relations. Implications for interventions are discussed.


Supply chain management (SCM) is implemented by integrating corporate functions using business processes within and across companies. Several process-oriented frameworks for SCM have been proposed but only two of these provide sufficient detail to enable implementation. We evaluate the Supply-Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) framework and The Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF) framework using four criteria and identify their relative strengths and weaknesses.


Based on the evidence from probate inventories, by-employments have been presumed ubiquitous in pre-industrial England. However, the wealth bias in this source leads to a significant exaggeration of both incidence and size of by-employments. New estimates, corrected for wealth bias, are presented in this paper, for six English counties/regions. It is found that typically only twenty to thirty per cent of the manufacturers' households engaged substantially in agricultural activities. Byemployments in manufacturing (excluding spinning) were even (and substantially) rarer. Regional differences in byemployment incidence appear to be best explained by the relative maturity of the local manufacturing environment. It is shown that by-employments were, for the most part, of the household rather than the individual kind, that is, several members of one household engaging in different gainful activities, rather than one person having several occupations. This means that by-employments do not significantly compromise the recently published male occupational structures derived from principal-occupation-only data sources such as parish registers. It is found that by-employed households generated a significant share of their income in the by-employments, but a comparison of by-employed and non-by-employed households yields little evidence for the industrious revolution thesis. And neither does the development of household byemployment incidence over time; analyses show it is likely to have declined from the mid seventeenth century onward. Introduction By-employments, that is, gainful activities in addition to a person's principal occupation, are generally presumed to have been a ubiquitous element in the socio-economic framework of earlymodern England and, indeed, the Western world. Joan Thirsk contended that about half those employed in agriculture in seventeenth-century Britain were also engaged in manufacturing.2 Fernand Braudel argued that European peasants depended on manufacturing income for sheer economic survival and that by-employments must therefore have been ubiquitous.3 Lamenting the 'evil day when rural industries left the countryside and returned to the towns,' Alan Everitt used probate evidence to calculate that sixty per cent of agricultural labourers in the 1560-1640 period were byemployed in manufacturing.4 Jack Langton has claimed that manufacturing by-employment was so widespread amongst the agricultural population that it renders the very term 'agricultural sector' 1 Keibek and Shaw-Taylor, 'Early Modern Rural by-Employments: A Re-Examination of the Probate Inventory Evidence', Agricultural History Review, 61:2 (2013). 2 Thirsk, 'Seventeenth-Century Agriculture and Social Change', in her The Rural Economy of England : Collected Essays (London, 1984), p. 211. 3 Braudel, Civilisation and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century. Vol. 2, the Wheels of Commerce (London, 1982), p. 255. 4 Everitt, 'Farm Labourers', in Finberg (ed.), The Agrarian History of England and Wales. Vol. Iv, 1500-1640 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967), pp. 428-29. 2 essentially meaningless in its application to the early-modern world.5 Historians have also argued for the widespread existence of by-employment 'in the opposite direction', that is, of manufacturers with significant subsidiary income from the land. For example, Mark Overton et al calculated that nearly sixty per cent of early-modern Kentish weavers' inventories showed clear signs of farming, leading them to conclude that 'by-employment was the norm'.6 Many others have come to similar conclusions on the basis of probate inventory evidence.7 Alan Armstrong contended that even town-dwelling artisans continued to fill part of the peak demand for agricultural labour in the harvest season well into the nineteenth century.8 Armstrong's excursion into the nineteenth century notwithstanding, by-employments have usually been considered a typically pre-industrial phenomenon. It is therefore perhaps not surprising that they have been awarded an important – though often rather implicit – role in several historical theories aiming to explain the transition to an industrial society. Household by-employments feature implicitly in De Vries's concept of an industrious revolution, in which the apparent paradox of households' increasing ability to acquire 'the new consumer goods' despite stagnant hourly wages is explained by positing a growth in hours worked, by the male 'household head' but primarily by the increasing involvement of other, often female household members in market-oriented manufacturing. Households moved away from production for own use to production for the market, thus simultaneously producing the new consumer goods and generating the cash-income to purchase them. As De Vries stresses, female market-directed activities typically differed from the principal occupation of the male 'household head' – in other words: these households were by-employed.9 Thus, as Thirsk had put it earlier, 'industrial by-employments heralded the development of a consumer society ... [which] included humble peasants, labourers, and servants'.10 5 Langton, 'Prometheus Prostrated?', in Slack and Ward (eds), The Peopling of Britain : The Shaping of a Human Landscape (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 244-46. 6 Overton et al, Production and Consumption in English Households, 1600-1750 (London: Routledge, 2004), pp. 76-77. 7 For example, Donald Woodward for building craftsmen in several counties, see: Woodward, 'Wage Rates and Living Standards in Pre-Industrial England', Past & Present:91 (1981), pp. 39-42; David Hey for SouthYorkshire nailers, although his calculations are based on only fourteen inventories, see: Hey, 'A Dual Economy in South Yorkshire', The Agricultural History Review, 17:2 (1969), p. 113; Pauline Frost for South Staffordshire metalsmiths, see: Frost, 'Yeomen and Metalsmiths: Livestock in the Dual Economy in South Staffordshire 1560–1720', The Agricultural History Review, 29:1 (1981), p. 40; Holderness for Lincolnshire artisans, see: Holderness, 'Rural Tradesmen 1660-1850: A Regional Study in Lindsey', Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, 7 (1972), pp. 77-83; Mary Rowlands for West-Midland metalworkers, see: Rowlands, Masters and Men in the West Midland Metalware Trades before the Industrial Revolution (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1975), pp. 42-43; for urban artisans and others in the town of Lincoln see Johnston, Probate Inventories of Lincoln Citizens 1661-1714 (Woodbridge: Lincoln Record Society :Boydell Press, 1991), p. lix; for early-modern Gloucestershire see Moore, The Goods and Chattels of Our Forefathers : Frampton Cotterell and District Probate Inventories, 1539-1804 (London: Phillimore, 1976), pp. 26-27. Alan Rogers, however, is an exception, concluding for the West-Midlands' framework knitting industry that 'dual occupations are rarely recorded', see Rogers, 'Rural Industries and Social Structure: The Framework Knitting Industry of South Nottinghamshire 1670-1840', Textile History, 12:1 (1981), p. 17. 8 Armstrong, 'Labour I : Rural Population Growth, Systems of Employment, and Incomes' in Mingay (ed.), The Agrarian History of England and Wales. Vol. Vi, 1750-1850 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 679-80. 9 De Vries, The Industrious Revolution : Consumer Behavior and the Household Economy, 1650 to the Present (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp. 101-103. 10 Thirsk, Economic Policy and Projects : The Development of a Consumer Society in Early Modern England (Oxford: Clarendon, 1988), p. 8. 3 In proto-industrial theory, the role of by-employments is equally central, and equally subtle.11 On the one hand, proto-industrial manufacturing depended on access to land, because this meant that rural households could provide in their own food, which reduced their costs and, thereby, allowed them to successfully compete with urban manufacturing in extra-local, even international trade.12 Households in proto-industrial regions were thus almost by definition small farmers by-employed in manufacturing – at least initially.13 On the other hand, for households in areas of above-average fertility, it made more economic sense to specialize in agriculture, producing for local consumption but also for export to urbanand proto-industrial regions. For these areas, proto-industrialisation elsewhere meant the demise of their own manufacturing by-employments. The surpluses produced in such specialized agricultural regions could, in turn, adversely affect the competitiveness of agricultural production in proto-industrial regions. Combined with growing opportunities for work in export-oriented manufacturing, this stimulated households in proto-industrial areas to shift their activities further towards manufacturing, turning them from peasants by-employed in manufacturing into artisans by-employed in farming. Indeed, Kriedte et al have stated that only at this stage can we truly call them proto-industrial.14 It might even lead to a portion of such households specialising in industry altogether. This complex of changes 'prepared the ground for even greater changes later, namely the factory system and modern industrialisation'.15 Indeed, local stimuli for by-employments have been perceived as explaining the historical geography of these 'even greater changes'. Thirsk pleaded for narrowing down the question 'why did the Industrial Revolution start in England' to 'why did it start in the pasture farming areas in England'. Her answer was clear: because that type of agriculture 'left men with time for other employments which they could combine with farming'. These men were not only the first to become involved in early-modern cottage industry but, aiming to protect their local dual economy, also the first to experiment with mechanisation and steam-powered mine pumps.16 Franklin Mendels contended that proto-industrialisation and, therefore, the Indus


The effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on aflatoxicosis in coloured broiler chickens was investigated at two levels (1000 and 2000 ppm) in diet containing 1.0 ppm total aflatoxin (AF: 76.45% AFB1, 10.52% AFB2, 9.89% AFG1 and 3.14% AFG2). A total of 144 day-old broiler chicks were divided into six treatment groups (T1 control, T2 1.0 ppm AF, T3 1000 ppm BHT, T4 2000 ppm BHT, T5 1.0 ppm AF+1000 ppm BHT, and T6 1.0 ppm AF+2000 ppm BHT). Each diet was fed to four replicated groups of 8 birds each from day 1 to 42 days of age. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in BW gain was recorded in T2, T5 and T6 as compared to control, and the depression in BW gain was evident from 2nd week of age. There was significant (P<0.05) improvement of BW gain on supplementation of BHT in diet with AF. Feed consumption in T2 was significantly (P<0.05) less compared to T1, whereas it improved partially in T5 and T6. Aflatoxin treatment also deteriorated the feed efficiency, however, significant (P<0.05) improvement in feed efficiency was observed in T5 and T6. The serum protein concentration in T2 was the lowest as compared to other treatment groups. Cholesterol content in T1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of T2 and comparable to other dietary treatments. Uric acid content did not differ significantly (P<0.05) among various treatment groups. The BHT treatment significantly (P<0.05) improved the serum and cholesterol concentration over AF treatment. The aspartateand alanine- aminotransferase activities in T1 were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of T2 and remained almost comparable to T3, T4, T5 and T6. The results showed that BHT inclusion in the diet at 1000 and 2000 ppm provided moderate protection against the adverse effects of aflatoxicosis in terms of investigated parameters.


Objective: To study the mechanism and preventive measure of thromboembolic complication of RF ablation so as to provided available methods for clinical application. Methods: 158 hospitalized patients(male 81,female 77) from September, 2001 to July, 2002 were enrolled in our study. These patients under going RF ablation for supraventricular tachycardia(n=158) who were randomly divided into five groups. No patients in graup I (n=31) was undergoing antiplatelet therapy before RFCA, but these patients immediately took aspirin after RFCA. Two groups were received pretreatment with either aspirin 0.3 g daily (n=32 group Ⅱ) or clopidogrel 75mg daily (n=30 groupⅢ) for 3 days before the procedure, while all group IV (n=32) patients received similar doses of both aspirin and clopidogrel. The group V were received pretreatment with aspirin 0.3 g daily or 3 days before the procedure and low molecular weight heparin for 7 days after RFCA. The first sample (baseline) was drawn from the antecubital vein at the initial stage of admis-sion. The second sample(pre-EPS) was drawn after femoral and internal jugular venous sheath insertions. Blood was drawn before (pre-RF), at the end of (post-RF), and 24 hours after the procedure. Specimens were usilized for the analysis of plasma GMP-140?D-dimer and vWF. Results: All the time, the concentrations of GMP-140 in group I were kept on a higher level after sheath insertions. At the pre-EPS and post-RF points, the concentrations in group I were 30.41±5.67 and 60.40±12.79 ng/ml per patient(P0.05), respec-tively. But the concentrations were kept on a lower level in groupII、III, especially IV compared with group I except baseline point (P0.05). The concentrations of D-dimer in group I were always kept on a higher level after sheath insertions. At the pre-EPS and post-RF points, the concentrations in group I were 0.58±0.22mg/L?1.50±0.56mg/L(P0.05) separately. But the concentrations were kept on a lower level in group II、III、especially IV compared with group I except baseline point (P0.05). The concentration of vWF was signifi-cantly increased at the pre-EPS point in all groups(P0.05)and at the past-RF point except group II、IV(P0.05). VWF rose lightly at the end of the RF procedure in group II、IV(P0.05). VWF kept on a higher level at the end of the RF procedure in all the groups. No rela-tion was observed between the changes of plasma GMP-140、D-dimer、vWF and either cumulative energy, the time of energy applica-tions , the number of energy applications ,the duration of the procedure or cTnI. Conclusions: Our data suggest that tissue injury by abla-tion results in damage of the endothelium and induces a prethrombotic state. Pretreatment with antiplatelet therapy may decrease the thrombogenic potential of RF ablation. Combined therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel has a favorable effect, as reflected by the lower degree of GMP-140 and D-dimer elevation. Aspirin might reduce the plasma vWF level.


Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) in infants. Eosinophils have been suggested to play a role in the disease pathogenesis of LRTD. Inflammation can induce functional and morphological alterations of peripheral blood granulocytes. In patients with RSV LRTD, we aimed to investigate the eosinophil activation status by analysing surface markers. In vitro stimulation of eosinophils with cytokines leads to up‐regulation of CD11b and priming markers recognized by the recently developed priming markers A17 and A27, whereas interleukin (IL)‐5Rα is being down‐regulated. In 51 patients and 10 controls we examined the expression of these surface markers on eosinophils in moderate to severe RSV‐induced LRTD patients at the time of admission and 6 weeks later during the convalescence phase. RSV‐patients were characterized by a higher eosinophil CD11b expression compared to controls. Although basal A17 and A27 expression was not increased, we observed a significantly higher expression of these priming epitopes on N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP)‐stimulated cells of RSV patients compared with cells of controls, indicative of prior in vivo priming. Furthermore, IL‐5Rα expression was down‐regulated on peripheral blood eosinophils of these patients. Follow‐up blood samples showed normalization of all markers but CD11b, which was persistently increased. Utilizing cellular markers, we observed that peripheral blood eosinophils from infants with RSV LRTD are in a more activated state compared to eosinophils of controls, which normalizes only partially during convalescence.


This paper describes the development of a fully-integrated, medium-performance, fixed-base driving simulator for testing and evaluating crash avoidance warning systems. Three major aspects of the ongoing effort are described: our motivation for constructing the simulator, the system architecture, and the crash avoidance warning systems. The paper concludes with an assessment of our progress to date. The physical simulator is a modified automobile cab instrumented to provide driver activity information and in-vehicle warnings that accurately reflect the performance of proposed sensors during defined scenarios. The simulation computing architecture uses a distributed multi-CPU environment to support six out-the-window displays, a head-up and a head-down display, six channels of audio output, and software to control the simulation and produce warnings. Planned evaluation with a population of subjects in a variety of scenarios will determine the best warning systems for use in prototype vehicles. We describe the hardware and software in place to provide visual, multi-channel audio, and haptic warnings corresponding to the simulated environment and scenario. We also describe a typical scenario and the process leading to manifestation of warnings of an impending collision.


There is a worldwide, concern today about the influence of pollutants on the environment including water, and about the durability of the engineering materials and the deterioration of the infrastructure. Corrosion control in natural and industrial environments contributes to the protection and preservation of the environment quality. The Kishon is one of Israel's largest and complex rivers, which empties into the Kishon Port on the Mediterranean Sea coast. During 1997 – 2000, pollution of the river by industrial effluents and by chemical and biological decomposition of organic compounds has caused corrosion damage in fishing boats, cruiser ships, and port installations such as the steel floating dock and the port steel retaining walls. River water analyses indicated that water reached pHs in the range 2 to 4, the sulphide concentration was 1 to 4 mg/l, the Fe ions content 1 to 3 mg/l and total N was about 30 mg/l. Nutrients from sewage and agricultural runoff increased steel corrosion.


Nanoparticles size analyzer is an important analytical instrument to characterize the size and distribution of nanomaterials.This paper reviewed the latest progress of its applications in the study of catalytic nanomaterials and catalyst carriers,magnetic nanomaterials,optoelectronic nanomaterials,and other inorganic function nanomaterials.The limitations in the application and developing direction were also indicated.


Objectives To estimate the incidence of human parvovirus B19 among pregnant women before and during an epidemic, to elucidate possible sociodemographic and medical risk factors during pregnancy and to estimate the association between parvovirus B19 infection and negative pregnancy outcome.


This paper presents an image histogram-based image manipulation detection method in android. The method consists of using a mathematical morphological-based algorithm to extract pictorial feature information from an original digital image. This will be useful in situations where it is important to find evidence of specific events such as investigation of crimes or simply image comparison. The morphological pattern spectrum was implemented in android platform using Java and OpenCV. Analysis of manipulated images indicated that the proposed detection method was able to clearly identify the differences from the original images. The results show that the proposed technique has sufficient ability to distinguish the very slight manipulation of upto one pixel size.


A U.S./Russian Federation Joint Tabletop Exercise took place in Snezhinsk, Russia, from 19 to 24 October 1998 whose objectives were to examine the functioning of an Inspection Team (IT) in a given scenario, to evaluate the strategies and techniques employed by the IT, to identify ambiguous interpretations of treaty provisions that needed clarification, and to confirm the overall utility of tabletop exercises to assist in developing an effective Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) verification regime. To achieve these objectives, the United States and Russian Federation (RF) agreed that two exercises would be conducted. The first would be developed by the RF, who would act as controller and as the inspected State Party (ISP), while the United States would play the role of the IT. The roles would be reversed in the second exercise; the United States would develop the scenario and play the ISP, while the RF would play the IT. A joint control team, comprised of members of both the U.S. and RF control teams, agreed on a number of ground rules for the two exercises and established a joint Evaluation Team to evaluate both of the exercises against the stated objectives. To meet time limitations, the scope of this joint exercise needed to be limited. The joint control team decided that each of the two exercises would not go beyond the first 25 days of an on-site inspection (OSI) and that the focus would be on examining the decision-making of the IT as it utilized the various technologies to clarify whether a nuclear test explosion had taken place. Hence, issues such as logistics, restricted access, and activities prior to Point of Entry (POE) would be played only to the extent needed to provide for a realistic context for the exercises' focus on inspection procedures, sensor deployments, and data interpretation. Each of the exercises began at the POE and proceeded with several iterations of negotiations between the IT and ISP, instrument deployments, and data evaluation by the IT. By the end of each of the exercises, each IT had located the site of the underground nuclear explosion (UNE). While this validated the methods employed by each of the ITS, the Evaluation Team noted that each IT employed different search strategies and that each strategy had both advantages and disadvantages. The exercises also highlighted ambiguities in interpretation of certain treaty provisions related to overflights and seismic monitoring. Likewise, a substantial number of lessons were learned relating to radionuclide monitoring and the impact of logistical constraints on successful OSI execution. These lessons are discussed more fully in the body of this report. Notwithstanding the overall positive assessment by the U.S. and RF participants, as well as by the Evaluation Team, that the exercise had met its objectives, there were a variety of areas identified that could be improved in subsequent OSI exercises. Some of these included reexamination of the methods used to convey visual observation data in an exercise; the amount of time compression employed; and the need for better verification of agreements pertaining to the structure, format, and other rules of the exercise. This report summarizes the lessons learned pertaining to both the technical and operational aspects of an OSI as well as to those pertaining to the planning and execution of an OSI exercise. It concludes with comments from the Evaluation Team and proposed next steps for future U.S./RF interactions on CTBT OSIs.


We introduce Reality-based User Interface System (RUIS), a platform that even novice programmers can easily use for prototyping novel user interfaces. We implemented a puzzle application with a 3D user interface employing modified Nintendo Wii Remotes as 6-DOF controllers to showcase some of the features that are possible with our platform: two-handed gestural interaction, natural interaction metaphors, and haptic feedback. We conducted a basic user study with 16 participants to evaluate the puzzle application and its 3D user interface. The results show how test subjects using the puzzle application tended to rate the 3D user interface to be more fun, intuitive, and realistic than a traditional mouse interface.


2. Action of Bisulphide of Carbon upon Amylamine. In a note on the alleged transformation of thialdine into leucine, addressed to the Royal Society about eighteen months ago, I alluded to a crystalline substance observed by Wagner when submitting amylamine to the action of bisulphide of carbon. This substance was not analysed, but considering its mode of formation, Wagner suggested that it might possibly be thialdine. A superficial comparison of the properties of thialdine with those of the substance produced by the action of bisulphide of carbon upon amylamine, enabled me at once to recognize the difference of the two bodies; and satisfied with the result, I did not at the time examine more minutely into the nature of the latter substance.


To contribute to the International Linear Collider (ILC) RD Right: China Ningxia fine grain nioium) with the IHEP low loss shape fabricated at IHEP. CAVITIES FABRICATION AND SURFACE TREATMENTS As details about cavities fabrication and surface treatments could be found in Ref. [5], just a brief review is given here. The IHEPLL shape has Hpk/Eacc of 35.47 Oe/(MV/m) for the single-cell cavity with beam-pipes. Standard technology was employed to fabricate the cavities. Although the deviation values of the roundness at the equator and iris region of the LG half-cells were larger, electron beam welding just from outside successfully joined them together. Two LG cavities were treated with CBP, anealing and CP. As the experimental condition was ___________________________________________ *Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(10525525) # email@example.com, TIPC & IHEP, CAS Y Proceedings of EPAC08, Genoa, Italy MOPP168 07 Accelerator Technology Main Systems T07 Superconducting RF 943 limited, just a LG cavity, IHEPLG#2, was baked for the possible vertical test at IHEP. RF TEST AND CAVITY PERFORMANCE The two LG cavities, IHEPLG#1 and #2 with a fine grain cavity were sent to KEK for the vertical tests. IHEPLG#2 At IHEP IHEPLG#2 had been treated with all the surface treatments and assembled with couplers. For the shipping the inside of the cavity was kept in vacuum. At KEK the cavity was evacuated again and tested firstly. Because the input coupler was loose and the input antenna would have perhaps touched the inner surface during shipping, the first RF test was limited by the strong field emission. The cavity was rinsed by high pressure water only for 15 min. and assembled with KEK couplers. (As our couplers disagreed with the flange support of the cryostat and all the tests in this paper adopted the KEK couplers). In the second test the accelerating gradient reached 36.5 MV/m before quench happened at the high gradient as shown in Figure 2. Then the field could reliably stay at 34.72 MV/m with a high quality factor of 1.49 × 10. This test confirmed our fabrication technology on the high gradient SRF cavity. 0 10 20 30 40 50 1E8 1E9 1E10 1E11 [MV/m] X-ray from 19.9 MV/m CBP(150)+CP(90)+Anealing+CP(10)+HPR+Baking@IHEP HPR(15 min.)+VT@KEK IHEP#2 (2nd meas.)


Our understanding of protein synthesis has been conceptualised around the structure and function of the bacterial ribosome1–4. This complex macromolecular machine is the target of important antimicrobial drugs5, an integral line of defence against infectious diseases. Here, we describe how open access to state-of-the-art cryogenic electron microscopy facilities combined with bespoke user support offered by the newly established EMBL Imaging Centre enabled structural determination of the translating ribosome from Escherichia coli at 1.55 Å resolution. The obtained structures allow for direct determination of the rRNA sequence to identify ribosome polymorphism sites in the E. coli strain used in this study and enables interpretation of the ribosomal active and peripheral sites at unprecedented resolution. This includes scarcely populated chimeric hybrid states of the ribosome engaged in several tRNA translocation steps resolved at ~2 Å resolution. The current map not only improves our understanding of protein synthesis but also allows for more precise structure-based drug design of antibiotics to tackle rising bacterial resistance.


The invention relates to an indoor positioning method based on a BP neural network and improved a centroid algorithm, belonging to the field of wireless communication and intelligent control. The indoor positioning method comprises the steps of: carrying out data acquisition under an indoor environment, recording and storing reference node coordinates, blind node coordinates, a distance d between a reference node and a blind node and corresponding receiving signal strength indicators (RSSI) during experimenting; training an established BP neutral network by using the RSSI and the distance d; training and checking the established BP neutral network by using an actual RSSI and the corresponding distance d to obtain a function; calling the function to obtain the distance d of the reference node and the blind node; obtaining more than three reference nodes with the distance d from the blind node; taking the three reference nodes with highest RSSI, obtaining three circles with the distance d as a radius; and solving two points of lines of centers of three circles in pairs with two points crossed with two circumferences to obtain six points, and solving centroids of the six points, i.e. the blind node coordinates. The method is more accurate in positioning, thus algorithms are simplified.


On June 27, 2016, the "new three board" officially implemented the internal hierarchical management, and the market was divided into the base layer and the innovation layer. The new three board is taking a separate exam and encouraging the market. However, the post-stratification market liquidity and valuation difficulties have not been improved, and many innovative layers of high-quality enterprises have the willingness to transfer board. Enterprise transfer board refers to transfer of the share manufacturing enterprise between the capital markets at different levels. The development of capital market depends on the flow of enterprises at all levels, which is conducive to optimizing the allocation of resources and satisfying the financing needs of enterprises at different stages of development.


Rather than see close reading as just a means to protect the hypostasized text from its social mediation, this chapter proposes that we see it as one of the many ways in which, over the course of the twentieth century, art has moved from an affair of objects towards one of events, whose modus operandi is performance. In fostering this change, unintentionally or deliberately, close reading is actually moving in the same direction as the contemporary historicists, blurring the borders between art and its contextual medium. Returning close reading to its beginnings as the companion to a theory of modernist poetry may not help it sound less elite. But it will, as the chapter argues, make clearer how modernist poetry was partly aware from the start of the material conditions and social mediations of its reception.


In the given paper the possibility of new Stirling refrigerating machine development on the basis of existing design has been considered. For refrigerating machine process analysis the isothermal model of Stirling cycle and method of separate loss analysis were used. Ambient and cooling temperatures were assumed constant in equation for cooling capacity calculation. The dimensionless complexes, namely, ideal cooling capacity and complexes taking into account cooler regenerator losses due to non-ideal heat exchange, hydraulic resistance and axial matrix heat flow have been obtained after mathematical transformation of the governing equations. According to the theory of similarity the pairwise equalities of heat exchanger volume simplexes (targeted volume divided by volume of refrigerator expansion space) and dimensionless complexes is needed for similarity of new and basis Stirling refrigerating machine. The equality of dimensionless complexes is achieved with equal regenerator length for both new refrigerator and basis cooler. For confirmation of this conclusion the basis refrigerator KGM-9000/80-1 with known experimental data and new designed refrigerator with cooling capacity 200 W have been used. For parameters calculation of refrigerators the one-dimensional mathematical model based on structure-module approach was used. The identical effectiveness for both coolers has been obtained. Variation of maximum pressure and working frequency of cycle does not allow creating new similarity Stirling refrigerating machine due to complicated influence of these parameters on dimensionless loss complexes. The procedure of effectiveness and refrigerating capacity increasing while changing the working frequency and maximum pressure for new refrigerator also ha s been shown.


Assesment of economic indicators for cow and calf production in Chihuahua state, Mexico. The objective of this work was to evaluate the microeconomic situation through the use of efficiency indicators, technical, economic and financial for production representative units (PRU) in cow-calf systems. Four scales of production (20, 40, 200 and 500 sows) comprising individuals in reproductive age were analyzed in four regions of the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. By using a panel methodology, costs and revenues were obtained during 2009 with the participation of 5-10 panel producers. We used the MEXSIM economic simulation model of the University of Texas A&M, which had been previously adapted to Mexico by the National Network of Public Policy Research. It was found that the economic viability, as measured by the probability of negative ending cash reserves and capital loss, is good for CHBC20, CHBC200 and CHBC500 and moderate for CHBC40. The lowest net income per sow was at CHBC40 ($ 27,76) while the highest was for CHBC20 ($ 403,42), and the best and worst benefit-cost ratios were 2.16 and 1.78 for CHBC500 and CHBC200, respectively. All PRUs obtained sufficient net income to cover family expenses, except for CHBC20, which only covered 70% of all expenses. The URP more scale were more profitable than small and all worked on their balance point. In fact profit margins were greater the greater the production scale, which suggests evidence of economies of scale.


We report an increase of more than 0.2 mag in the optical brightness of the leading image (A) of the gravitational lens Q0957+561, detected during the 2000 September to 2001 June monitoring campaign (2001 observing season). The brightening is similar to or even greater than the largest change ever detected during the 20 yr of monitoring of this system. We discuss two different provisional explanations of this event: intrinsic source variability or microlensing (either short-timescale microlensing or cessation of the historical microlensing). An exhaustive photometric monitoring of Q0957+561 is needed until the summer of 2002 and during 2003 to discriminate between these possibilities.


Recently, a physically based model of water-table fluctuation due to precipitation is developed based on aquifer water balance model. In the model, it was assumed that the water infiltration into ground surface is advection dominant and immediately reaches to water-table. The assumption may be suited for the sites where the water-table is shallow and/or the permeability of the unsaturated zone is high. However, there are more cases where the model is not directly applicable due to thick and low permeable unsaturated zone. For the low permeability unsaturated zone, the pattern of water flux passing through unsaturated zone is diffusive as well as advective. In this study, to improve the previously developed water-table fluctuation model, we combined the delayed drainage model, which has long been used in well hydraulics, to the water-table fluctuation model. To test the validity of the development, we apply the developed model to 5 different domestic sites. The model parameters are calibrated based on the groundwater hydrograph and the precipitation time series, and the correlation analyses among the parameters are pursued. The overall analyses on the delineated model parameters indicate that the delayed drainage parameters or delay index used in the developed model are able to reveal drainage information in the unsaturated zones.


At present, college students are faced with the "three low" phenomenon, namely low entrepreneurial rate, low success rate and low technical content in starting up a business. The key to improve the entrepreneurship level of college students is to optimize and improve the entrepreneurial support system. This paper, which takes the college students' entrepreneurial support system as the research object, summarizes and analyzes the previous research literature, identifies and studies the multiple elements in the college students' entrepreneurial support system, and explores the impact of each role in college students' entrepreneurial support system, so as to have an overview on the current college students entrepreneurial support system.


The L0TP+ initiative is aimed at the upgrade of the FPGA-based Level-0 Trigger Processor (L0TP) of the NA62 experiment at CERN for the post-LS2 data taking, which is expected to happen at 100% of design beam intensity, corresponding to about 3.3 × 1012 protons per pulse on the beryllium target used to produce the kaons beam. Although tests performed at the end of 2018 showed a substantial robustness of the L0TP system also at full beam intensity, there are several reasons to motivate such an upgrade: i) avoid FPGA platform obsolescence, ii) make room for improvements in the firmware design leveraging a more capable FPGA device, iii) add new functionalities, iv) support the 4 beam intensity increase foreseen in future experiment upgrades. We singled out the Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ VCU118 development board as the ideal platform for the project. L0TP+ seamless integration into the current NA62 TDAQ system and exact matching of L0TP functionalities represent the main requirements and focus of the project; nevertheless, the final design will include additional features, such as a PCIe RDMA engine to enable processing on CPU and GPU accelerators, and the partial reconfiguration of trigger firmware starting from a high level language description (C/C++). The latter capability is enabled by modern High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools, but to what extent this methodology can be applied to perform complex tasks in the L0 trigger, with its stringent latency requirements and the limits imposed by single FPGA resources, is currently being investigated. As a test case for this scenario we considered the online reconstruction of the RICH detector rings on an HLS generated module, using a dedicated primitives data stream with PM hits IDs. Besides, the chosen platform supports the Virtex Ultrascale+ FPGA wide I/O capabilities, allowing for straightforward integration of primitive streams from additional sub-detectors in order to improve the performance of the trigger.


In this paper, we will present a new variant of genetic algorithm to solve optimization problems where the number of feasible solutions is very important. This approach consists on a hybrid algorithm between genetic algorithms introduced by J. Holland (1975) and dynamic programming method of R. Bellman (1957). Then we will apply this hybrid algorithm to solve a single machine scheduling problem that consists to minimizing the sum of earliness and tardiness costs with common due date. Our goal is designing a new approach to find a good near solutions for combinatory problems as scheduling problems or traveling salesman problem which have an exponential number of solutions and known as NP-hard problems.


1. The bypass valve (7) of the fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine having at least a housing (8), the spool (9) and a holder (11) of its spring, characterized in that at least its one part is manufactured from a material other than stali.2. The bypass valve (7) according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the material other than steel, has a water resistance and chemical stoykostyu.3. The bypass valve (7) according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the surface of a material different from steel, has a superhydrophobic svoystvami.4. The bypass valve (7) according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the material other than steel, is resistant to the formation of deposits caused biotoplivom.5 grow old. The bypass valve (7) according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the material other than steel is plastmassu.6. The bypass valve (7) according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the spring is fixed on the spool (10) of the overflow klapana.7. Bypass valve according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the part is manufactured by injection davleniem.8. Bypass valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the following combinations of materials of its individual components: a) a housing (steel) valve (not steel), a spring holder (steel) and b) a housing (not steel) valve (not steel), a spring holder (steel), a) a housing (not steel) valve (not steel), a spring retainer (not steel), d) a housing (not steel) valve (steel), a spring retainer (not steel) d) a housing (steel) valve (not steel), a spring retainer (not steel), e) the housing (steel) valve (steel), a spring retainer (not steel).


Branding and brand equity have been the focus of marketing research for many years. Brands play a key role in engaging the consumer and the manufacturer in a long term consumer-brand relationship. Two broad philosophical approaches to defining brand equity exist in marketing literature: financial perspective and consumer perspective. Brand Equity dimensions are brand awareness, perceived quality, brand association, brand image, and brand loyalty, which are most researched and cited in the literature. This paper empirically tests the hierarchical nature of brand equity dimensions in contributing to brand equity for fast moving consumer goods. The study first briefly reviews the literature on brand equity, constructs research model and generate research hypotheses that explains the hierarchical relationship among the brand equity dimensions. It then empirically tests the model and presents the results. On considering the hierarchical relationship, perceived quality and brand associations are found to be the major contributors towards brand equity followed by brand awareness and brand image. Brand loyalty is found to be comparatively less significant in determining brand equity. In the present study, Sensodyne, a toothpaste brand was used to understand and find the effect of brand equity on its dimensions. Population of this study is the FMCG users within the Cochin city. The population size is indefinite. Sample size for this study is 150 consumers. Convenient sampling method is used in the study as the sampling method. The methods used in data analysis are including descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis. It also employees independent sample t-test and ANOVA to find significance of age and gender in determining opinion about brand equity dimensions. Descriptive analysis is used to summarize the characteristic of respondents. Finally, multiple regression analysis is applied to determine whether brand equity dimensions affect on brand equity and interrelationship between brand equity dimensions.


Fingerprint recognition is one of the most popular methods used for identification with greater degree of success. The fingerprint has unique characteristics called minutiae, which are points where a curve track finishes, intersect or branches off. Identification systems using fingerprints biometric patterns are called AFIS (Automatic Fingerprint Identification System). In this work a novel method for Fingerprint recognition is considered using a combination of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Gabor Filters to enhancement the image.


The control of a linear system with random coefficients is studied here. The cost function is of a quadratic form and the random coefficients are assumed to be partially observable by the controller. By means of the stochastic Bellman equation, the optimal control of stochastic dynamic models with partially observable coefficients is derived. The optimal control is shown to be a linear function of the observable states and a nonlinear function of random parameters. The theory is applied to an optimal control design of an aircraft landing in wind gust.


As a relative newcomer to the world of academic ecumenism, I am honored to respond to such distinguished presenters. Jesus prayed for the unity of the church not as an end in itself but "so that the world may believe" (Jn. 17:21). Our ecumenical work must never lose sight of this. I appreciated Michael Kinnamon's statement that, if he were listing his fourteen points in order of importance, he would put the missionary nature of the church near the top. (1) We work for the visible unity of the church because the continued lack of full communion among the churches (expressed most visibly in not having a common eucharistic table) is an obstacle to our missionary calling and, as Bruce Marshall has argued, puts the very credibility of the gospel at stake. (2) The two presentations reflect two different starting points for the task of ecumenical ecclesiology. Peter Bouteneff seems to suggest that the goal of unity would be better served by staying with the comparative ecclesiology method that was the basis for the foundational Toronto Statement of 1950. He prefers this model because it employs language that is "ecclesiologically neutral" and does not require "mental gymnastics" or "internal adjustments" of some churches in order to accept the language of ecumenical texts. Kinnamon supports the more recent model of convergence and consensus that is reflected in ecumenical texts such as the 1991 Canberra Statement, the 2006 Porto Alegre Statement, and The Nature and Mission of the Church. His list of fourteen elements of an ecumenical consensus on ecclesiology certainly serves as a helpful and concise summary of the important work that has been done regarding the nature and mission of the church since the inception of the World Council of Churches. Moreover, on the basis of this consensus, he proposes that we are "on the threshold of a major theological shift--to an ecclesiology developed by the churches together"--and challenges the member churches to consider how their own church's ecclesiological understanding measures up to the emerging consensus. I would like to respond by raising two points, one that addresses a major disagreement in the ways our various communions conceptualize the church, and another that suggests some common ground from which to move forward. With Kinnamon, I affirm the emerging consensus that is centered on the concept of koinonia or communion. Communion ties the being of the church to God's own being as communion and enables the church to conceive of unity in a dynamic, relational way that appreciates diversity. In my Lutheran tradition, there is an increasing use of this emerging paradigm in our ecclesial self-understanding. (3) The 1997 Statement "Toward a Lutheran Understanding of Communion" reflects much of the ecumenical consensus regarding the term and explores the trinitarian basis for and forms of communion that should characterize ecclesial life, such as participation, diversity, and sharing. The Tenth Assembly of the Lutheran World Federation in 2003 voted to expand its name to include the concept of communion: "the Lutheran World Federation--A Communion of Churches." (4) The Lutheran confessions define the church as "the assembly of all believers among whom the gospel is purely preached and the holy sacraments are administered according to the gospel." (5) Lutherans affirm that "[i]n hearing the gospel of God's grace in Christ and in experiencing it as the truth of our own lives in the Spirit we are called as justified sinners into communion with the Triune God and with one another as Christ's sisters and brothers." (6) The sacrament of baptism is the start of our incorporation into communion with God and with one another because in baptism we are joined to the death and resurrection of Christ, receive Christ's saving benefits, and become members of Christ's body. In the eucharist we share in Christ's death and resurrection and anticipate Christ's coming again to share in the perfect communion of the reign of God; (7) the eucharist is a promise and foretaste of God's communion with all people in the reign of God. …