Religiously injurious speech has not only generated some of the most intense political controversy involving Muslims living in the West, but is one of the rare issues which poses a genuinely profound conflict of value and moral reference between liberal secularism and Islamic ethics. Some scholars have raised the possibility that the question of religiously injurious speech exposes a serious problem within the very practice of Western secular thought. It has been suggested that liberal secular thought and political practice often misrecognize the nature of the injury involved in speech which violates the sacred, that much secular thought about religious injury (and free exercise more generally) is premised on unacknowledged Protestant conceptions of what real religion is, and that secular political theory does not accord religious practice and sentiment its due. In this paper, I argue against the ideas that secular liberalism tends to treat religion only as a matter of freely-chosen belief and that the unchosen, habituated nature of much religious experience raises a problem for the defense of speech which violates the sacred. I argue that secular thought and practice should remain very concerned about the social and political harms of speech directed unambiguously at social groups, but need not eliminate the gap between religious attachments and religious persons.


This article is an extended summary of my doctoral thesis on the relationship between printed and illustrated advertisements and the imaginary of modernity in Peru between 1919 and 1930. This period corresponds to the second government of President Augusto B. Leguia and was characterized by the promotion, through the 'Patria Nueva' project, of the modernization process in the country. This contributed to forging an urban identity in Lima that introduced a modern lifestyle and allowed an articulation between the local-national and the foreign, marking the insertion of Lima society in a peripheral modernity, typical of the societies of the so-called Third World. The goal of this work is to determine the contribution of these cultural productions to the configuration and establishment of an imaginary of modernity in Lima society. To that end, it is imperative to analyze the new values and the aesthetic, social, and cultural representations of the advertising graphics that circulated through the weekly Variedades, Mundial, and La Revista during the Oncenio de Leguia.


Objective
To explore the value of serum cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen (CYFRA21-1), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA50) levels in the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 233 cases of lung cancer admitted to the Department of Oncology from January 2012 to December 2013 in Tai′an Central Hospital, including 181 cases of non small cell lung cancer (129 cases of adenocarcinoma, 52 cases of squamous cell carcinoma), 47 cases of small cell carcinoma, 5 cases of other types and 30 cases of benign lung lesions in the same period as control group. The serum levels of CYFRA21-1, CA125 and CA50 were detected by electrochemiluminescence. The levels of the 3 markers in patients with different pathological types of lung cancer and the diagnostic value of combined detection on the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma and TNM staging were compared, and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the relationship between the patient′s life cycle of the single positive and multiple positive lung adenocarcinoma of the 3 markers in the serum.

Results
The levels of CA125 and CA50 were significantly higher in the adenocarcinoma group [(125.06±42.98)U/mL, (17.43±8.51)U/mL] than those in the squamous cell carcinoma group [(65.06±39.03)U/mL, (11.28±9.01)U/mL], and the small cell carcinoma group [(70.32±49.88)U/mL, (7.43±6.07)U/mL] (adenocarcinoma compared with squamous cell carcinoma, CA125: q=18.21, P=0.01, CA50: q=3.98, P=0.05; adenocarcinoma compared with small cell carcinoma, CA125: q=16.64, P=0.03, CA50: q=5.98, P=0.03). The levels of CYFRA21-1 [(12.28±7.08)μg/L] in adenocarcinoma was higher than that of small cell carcinoma group [(7.07±6.23)μg/L] (q=5.12, P=0.03). In the TNM stage of cancer, the levels of CYFRA21-1 and CA125 in stage Ⅰ [(9.12±8.09)μg/L, (35.23±18.77)U/mL] were significantly lower than that of stage Ⅳ patients [(48.40±13.61)μg/L, (179.36±33.19)U/mL](CYFRA21-1: q=8.28, P=0.02; CA125: q=31.21, P=0.00); the sensitivity of the 3 markers combined detection was 89.97%, while the specificity was 85.09%, and the survival period of the 3 marker single positive patients was longer than that of multiple positive lung adenocarcinoma (χ2=2.91, P<0.01).

Conclusion
Serum CYFRA21-1, CA125 and CA50 play important roles in the diagnosis, staging and prognosis of lung cancer.

Key words:
Cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen; CA-125 antigen; CA-50 antigen; Lung neoplasms; Survival time


The article considers the study of such a form of discourses interaction as the metalanguage reflection of one set of discourse markers in another. The analysis is based on the material of advertising and aesthetic discourses (prose of the 1920s–1930s), which involves the tense meta-linguistic reflection of the writers of that time by a new linguistic and communicative situation, as laconically expressed in advertising slogans. To consider this form of discourses interaction, we use a combination of discourse analysis, communicative and linguo-poetic approaches. The article reveals that the metalanguage reflection of advertising slogans allows authors to simulate the situation of actual communication between the addresser (the sender of advertising slogans) and the addressee (the layman – reader of slogans), based on the advertising communicative strategy of deautomatization. The micro-situation of the dialogue violation is projected onto a general sociopolitical picture of a global misunderstanding between the individual and the radically changed surrounding reality.


Abstract Motivated by applications in minerals processing, a novel model predictive control scheme is presented with non-constant prediction step size. In the proposed scheme, the sampling rate of the prediction and control horizons changes, with nearer steps having a shorter sampling period than ones in the more distant future. This approach allows for fine tuning of the control trajectory over the near horizon, whilst still allowing for long prediction and control horizons to account for slow dynamics. This may find application in many chemical and minerals processing plants where process units have multiple time-scale dynamics. Extensions to decentralized control of process networks are presented. The approach is illustrated using an industrial case study.


Intelligent of high tech.ability are the mainstay of production and operation in enterprise.To seek cultivation mode good for the growth of intelligent of high tech.ability and scientific and objective method of characterization and examination is an important subject of the department of human resources in enterprise.We analyzed status and predicted need of intelligent of high tech.ability in Tianjin Branch,presented suggestions for cultivation and characterization of intelligent of high technical ability,serving as an example for the department of human resources in enterprise.


The main problem with fractal image compression is that it takes a lot of computational time for searching blocks (domain block and range block) and then compares these blocks. There are many optimization techniques which are used to improve efficiency of fractal image compression. Some of these are particle swarm optimization, ant colony optimization and biogeography based optimization. In this paper the technique of biogeography based optimization (BBO) is applied for fractal image compression (FIC).With the help of this evolutionary algorithm effort is made to reduce the search complexity of matching between range block and domain block. The main drawback of FIC is that it involves more computational time due to global search. In order to improve the computational time and also the satisfactory quality of the decoded image, BBO algorithm is proposed. Investigational outcome show that the BBO is a better method than the traditional comprehensive search method in terms of encoding time. Results are calculated from wavelet based fractal image compression than BBO is applied over it to decrease the encode time and get better visual quality of image. In this type of compression first color image is split into three matrixes R, G, B and then compression is applied over individual matrix. These matrixes are then merged together after compression to reconstruct the compressed image. In this paper compression time (encoding time) of fractal image compression is reduced which is applied over color image.


In this study, radial forces that create noise, which is a fundamental problem in Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM), are investigated. Since radial force causes stator vibrations and noise caused by magnetic field, a new switched reluctance motor model with increased stator and rotor poles has been designed in order to reduce the radial force acting on the rotor poles. In addition, a structure with high torque and low leakage flux compared to conventional winding structure has been proposed for Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM). The windings of the designed SRM are placed in layers, insulated from each other. Rotor poles are formed to move on both sides of each phase winding. Thus, the flux that will occur in the phase windings axially completes its circuit from the stator poles and the rotor poles. This designed ARM model has been examined by Finite Element Method (FEM. The proposed motor geometry has been analyzed with ANSYS Maxwell-3D, which performs FEM-based solution), and parametric analysis with ANSYS-RMxprt.


There is the general view in the environmental economics literature that many forms of state aid (subsidies, tax allowances, grants, etc) trigger the unintended effect of promoting economic activities which are not compatible with sustainable development. Moreover some of this state aid, in particular tax allowances, contribute to the maintenance of a complicated tax system accompanied by budgetary losses, a fact which gains importance in periods of severe budget deficits. However, the identification of the linkage between state aid and environmental degradation is difficult because there is often only an indirect connection. Also the quantification of state aid poses problems. This paper is focused on a particular part of environmentally damaging state aid in Germany, i.e. environmentally counterproductive tax allowances. The paper presents an analytical framework for the identification of the tax allowance–environment linkage and for estimating the budgetary effects in the case of a reform. On the basis of a comprehensive study a breakdown of the empirical evidence is given by sectors favoured by the tax allowances and also by type of tax. It is found that environmentally damaging tax allowances at present exceed DM 45 billion in Germany. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


An increasingly large number of organizations are attempting to integrate environmental issues with their corporate strategies. Tougher regulatory forces and increasing public environmental concern have led to the development of environmental strategies by some firms. This paper discusses the process of corporate environmental learning whereby organizations learn to integrate environmental issues with their business strategies. Using the theoretical framework of organizational learning, the paper examines the different ways organizations can learn to respond to environmental issues, the inputs to the learning process and the possible consequences of their actions.


Despite all of the potential that South America has for ethnoarchaeo-logical research, the development of Ethnoarchaeology is still very limited in this region. Only in the last decade ethnoarchaeological projects have grown, specially among South American archeologists. The present article revises the conceptual foundations of this field of study and analyses its present tendencies in South America. A discussion of the field's potential is made, not only as to what it can bring to the study of the relationship between human conduct and material derivations, but also as to the conditions in which we can expect to find certain types of archeological data. At last, the present article explores the uses that can be made out of Ethnoarchaeology in the study of other forms of thought and other patterns of rationality - forms and patterns that are hard to be identified in archeological data but are essential to understanding fundamental aspects of past societies.


Mulchand Rathod, Wayne State University Mulchand S Rathod, PhD, PE, professor of Division of Engineering Technology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan is recognized for a career of dedicated, unselfish service to engineering and technology education, as a leader in education, faculty member, and as a contributor to professional societies. Dr Rathod lead the Division of Engineering Technology as director and chair during 1987-2003. Prior to joining WSU, he worked at State University of New York at Binghamton as coordinator of mechanical engineering technology program holding the ranks of assistant and associate professor (1979-87); Tuskegee University as assistant professor of mechanical engineering (1976-78), and Jackson Engineering Graduate Program as adjunct faculty (1975-76). Over the period 1980-85, he was employed in summers and academic years at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of California Institute of Technology and IBM. He worked in HVAC industry with BB and a MSET degree. A nationally known leader in engineering and technology education, he took the engineering profession to middle schools during 1996-2001 and conducted enrichment programs for 8th grade students and middle school teachers.


The present business plan aims to verify the technical and financial viability for the manufacture and marketing of dog food, in humid conditions, within the city of Quito. This type of food will be used by pet owners, whom are looking to reduce frequent change of dog's food brands due to loss of interest and boredom shown by their dogs, which do not want the same food every day. There is evidence of an underlying interest in raising awareness of people to eliminate the idea of mixing, adding and/or flavoring the pet's food with leftovers that can be substituted for an innovative and unique presentation in the Ecuadorian market, which will have a characteristic consistency. Throughout the analysis of the macro situation in Ecuador and Mexico, opportunities and threats that directly affect the business project were identified, which allowed to justify the decision to import the pectin to Ecuador and to investigate the Food industry for animals, competing companies and current offers of product that exist in the country, where the dog food will be commercialized. Through qualitative and quantitative research, it was confirmed the need for dog owners, who require a food product that complies with the functionality that "SuriCan" can satisfy, for which the preferences of the potential business customers were searched and the marketing mix was stablished, which allows the positioning of this new product and its participation in the chosen distribution channels; also finding the profitability of the business.


It has been suggested by large prospective surveys of oral contraceptive (OC) users that women using OCs have increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Simultaneously laboratory studies have demonstrated numerous biochemical and metabolic changes induced by contraceptive steroids. 1 of the most marked changes occurs in the concentration of many physiologically important plasma proteins. Among the plasma proteins significantly altered in OC users are the lipoproteins the renin substrate and various blood coagulation factors including fibrinogen. Changes in these proteins suggest that OC users as a group will have increased risks of atherosclerosis (from increased lipoproteins) hypertension (from increased angiotensin formation from the renin substrate) and thromboembolic disease (from the changes in coagulation factors). These possible relationships are illustrated in a simplified manner in figure form. If this hypothesis is correct then some estimate of cardiovascular risk for particular OC formulations can be obtained by studying changes in specific plasma proteins. Estrogens stimulate and increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration while progestogens decrease it. Marked differences in effect on HDL can be demonstrated between the various estrogen-progestogen combinations. Similar differences can be shown in their effect upon blood coagulation factors and upon the renin-angiotensin aldosterone axis. In terms of cardiovascular risk the selection of an OC can be made from a consideration of comparative biochemical data.


Energy efficiency and reliable data delivery are the two most important parameters for designing wireless sensor network protocols. Wireless communication is inherently unpredictable and error-prone. Hence, reliability is required to ensure that a packet reaches its desired destination; otherwise the energy expended in forwarding the packet is wasted On the other hand, energy-saving mechanisms are required for battery-constrained sensor networks. In this paper, we have designed an on-demand energy-efficient and reliable medium access control (E2RM: AC) protocol that enables reliable data delivery and energy conservation without affecting packet latency. We have demonstrated the superior performance of E2RMAC over existing energy-efficient and reliability-enforcing approaches in terms of reliability, latency, scalability and energy-efficiency.


The collaborative trials described by Arnold et al., 1984a, b, c provided an extensive range of data on the performance of electrostatically charged rotary atomizers on a variety of crops, at different growth stages, using systemic and non-systemic pesticides. The purpose of this paper is to review the subject to date.


Textile industry and Textile Product (TPT) contributes to GDP, foreign exchange earnings and employment at the same time. Globalization which is marked by the termination of the quota system opens opportunities for open market segments. But the textile industry in Indonesia over the last ten years is known as sunset industry, the effect of this is the tendency to be difficult to gain the trust of the stakeholders concerned. This causes the decrease value of the textile companies registered in the stock exchange market which is represented by the stock price. The cause of the the low level of the company value is the company's financial performance of the last five years which is still poor. It is related to capital structure policy issues that cannot be separated from macroeconomic factors. Referring to the problems above, this study aimed to obtain the results of a study on the influence of the capital structure and the macro-economic factor toward financial performance as well as its implications on the value of Textile Company in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). Also, to get the results of the analysis of the influence among these variables. The population in this study is the Company Textile and textile products registered in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The test results showed: the long-term capital structure and the inflation of macroeconomic factors influence positively to financial performance. Referring to the research findings, it is suggested that textile companies should always consider the capital structure and anticipate the macroeconomic factors. It is necessary to increase the roles and responsibilities of the textile industry associations in Indonesia as well as the government policy to support the textile industry development.


Reduced representations of complex, non-linear dynamical systems often require closure, that is finding a good representation of the contribution of the discarded physics to the retained physics. In this work, we pursue the construction of closure models within the context of the Mori-Zwanzig (M-Z) formalism of irreversible statistical mechanics. In this setting, the effect of the unresolved states on the resolved states can be exactly represented as a time-history dependent integral, commonly referred to as memory, and a noise term. Evaluating the memory kernel requires the solution to the so-called orthogonal dynamics equation. An understanding of the structure and mechanics of the orthogonal dynamics is critical to the development of M-Z-based reduced models. The orthogonal dynamics equation, however, is a high-dimensional partial differential equation in free-space that is intractable in general. We propose an alternative method to compute the memory kernel that builds on the approximation that the orthogonal dynamics locally retains the structure of a Liouville equation. The method is demonstrated on Fourier-Galerkin simulations of the viscous Burgers equation and the Kuramoto-Sivanshinsky (K-S) equation. The proposed procedure provides accurate reconstruction of the memory integral and valuable insight into the structure and scaling of the memory kernel.


A linear bilevel programming problem can be reformulated as a single level mathematical program with complementarity constraints, which in turn is equivalent to a mixed integer (0-1) linear programming problem. A binary differential evolution algorithm with a linear programming solver is developed to solve the mixed integer (0-1) linear programming problem. The computational results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.


Experimental studies of the hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics of a regular packing of the GIPH-10 design were carried out. Data on the efficiency (height equivalent to a theoretical plate, HETP) and hydraulic resistance of the nozzle were obtained, a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign analogues was given. The height of the equivalent theoretical plate was calculated using the SRP II model developed in the program of the University of Texas at Austin, USA, for regular packings. Comparison of calculated and experimental results was presented


Background: Detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in transplant candidates is very important. The tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are standard immunologic tools for LTBI detection. The aim of this study was to compare the TST results and T-SPOT®.TB test (a type of IGRAs) in kidney transplant candidates for the screening of LTBI and follow the patients with positive test for an activation of tuberculosis (TB) after transplantation and using anti-TB prophylaxis. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective study and carried out in 44 renal transplant candidates from March 2010 to February 2011 in the teaching hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. TST and T-SPOT®.TB test were performed and their results evaluated. Patients with a positive skin test and/or T-SPOT®.TB test were started on anti-TB prophylaxis and followed after transplantation for an activation of their LTBI for 1 year. Results: Overall, 8 (18.2%) patients were positive for TST and 6 (13.6%) patients for T-SPOT®.TB test. The agreement between TST and T-SPOT®.TB test was moderate (κ = 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.145-0.839). The overall agreement between TST and T-SPOT®.TB test was 86%. No relation was found between the underlying diseases and TST or T-SPOT®.TB test positivity. Although isoniazid prophylaxis was used for patients with positive TST and/or T-SPOT®.TB test, one patient had reactivation of TB. Conclusion: In kidney transplant candidates both TST and T-SPOT®.TB test were comparable for the diagnosis of LTBI with reasonable agreement between the tests. However, further studies are needed to determine the ability of T-SPOT®.TB test to detect LTBI and to evaluate the need for prophylaxis in these patients.


Participatory action research is claimed to be a process in which knowledge collectively generated is used for the development of strategies for social change.


Introduction 1. A century of hydrogen bond (H-bond) 2. Generalities, definitions and preliminary classification 3. Modelling the H-bond by crystallographic methods 4. Modelling the H-bond by thermodynamic methods 5. The empirical laws governing the H-bond: A summary 6. Outline of a novel transition-state H-bond theory (TSHBT) 7. The strength of the H-bond: Definitions and thermodynamics 8. The role of strong H-bonds in nature: A gallery of functional H-bonds References


Feedback-assisted multipass-cavity spontaneous Raman scattering is demonstrated as an effective method of isotopologue analysis. Deuterium concentration precision near one part-per-million in water was obtained by direct vapor and indirect dihydrogen measurements.


In the aftermath of the New York World Trade Center attack, an emergent group of citizen volunteers organized to provide needed supplies to the workers at Ground Zero. The emergent-group phenomenon has been documented after many disasters. This paper examines the organization of this emergent group through the organizational characteristics of structure, legitimacy, communications, leadership and organizational change. Finally, it argues that through a better understanding of the organizational characteristics, emergency-management personnel will be better prepared to manage and coordinate the activities of disaster-related emergent groups.


Material and Methods: This case and control study was conducted on 45 young patients of either sex from 18 to 25 years old, who were selected by independent random sampling technique. Patients having best corrected visual acuity of 6/6 in both eyes, axial length more than 24 mm, myopia of -1.0 D to -4.0 D, and intraocular pressure of 16 to 20 mm Hg were registered for the study. After informed consent, slit lamp examination of anterior and posterior segment was done. Intra-ocular pressure and axial length were measured. Travoprost .004% eye drops were used in one eye once daily in the evening for four months. The fellow eye was kept as control. Follow up was done every month up to six months. On each visit best corrected visual acuity, axial length, and IOP were examined. Any complaint or complication was also noted and results were compiled.


Submitted for the GEC10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Measurement of the electron energy distribution function and E-H mode transition in inductively coupled plasma with various gases JUNG-KYU LEE, HYO-CHANG LEE, CHIN-WOOK CHUNG, Hanyang University — A study of the E-H mode transition was performed in Ar, O2, N2, and mixture gas inductively coupled plasma (ICP) from the measurement of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF). Change of the EEDF and characteristic of the discharge on the E-H mode transition were discussed. At each E mode, the measured EEDFs had different shapes depending on the gas type and pressure, while the EEDFs evolved into Maxwellian distribution with the E-H transition due to electronelectron collisions. This study was also focused on the transition ICP power from E mode to H mode. As the ICP power increased in Ar discharge, the transition ICP power had minimum value at a particular pressure, while the transition ICP power was gradually increased with gas pressures in molecule gas discharge. The transition ICP power with gas mixing ratios was also studied in Ar/O2/N2 mixture gas discharge. Jung-Kyu Lee Hanyang University Date submitted: 13 Jun 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


Like any other welding technique, Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is also a multi-objective, multi-variable metal processing technology. In general, the acceptability of a weldment depends on various parameters in relation to bead geometry, bead quality, microstructure and mechanical-metallurgical characteristics of the weld, that can fulfill the required goal. The acceptable limits of these parameters are also influenced by the area of application as well as functional requirements of the prepared weld. Therefore, there exists a need to search for an optimal process condition that may achieve the desired purpose. In the present work, it is aimed to search for an optimal solution for the process parameters that would result in maximum depth of penetration, minimum height of reinforcement, minimum bead width, minimum dilution, minimum area of reinforcement and minimum area of penetration, within experimental domain. Data, collected from previous research for four factor-five level central composite design, have been utilized to determine individual desirability of the responses, which have been used further to calculate composite desirability associated with overall features of bead geometry and bead volume of the desired weldment. Desirability function optimization approach, followed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), has been incorporated to evaluate the optimum parameter setting that would meet * Communicating Author the overall desirability of the weldment. Comparison of optimal parametric combination as determined by the previous researchers to that obtained by using desirability function approach and RSM has also been made. Good agreement has been found. This proves the application feasibility of desirability function approach coupled with RSM for solving multi-objective optimization problems in SA welding.


The similarities between the crack-growth vs stress-intensity range relationship, and the conventional stress vs number of cycles to failure relationship are discussed. The results of published fatigue-crack growth studies are analyzed in terms of broad spectrum fatigue life and limiting conditions. It is concluded that fatigue-crack growth rate is not a simple power function of stress-intensity-factor range as some contend. Furthermore, the scope of fatigue-crack growth studies must be greatly expanded to cover the majority of fatigue failures that occur in service.


The present Scientometric analysis of 2592 research articles published in the 'web of science' is an online subscription based scientific citation indexing services. Data collected using the web of science during 1989-2015 and analyzed using Microsoft excel. The present study focus on author pattern and author productivity, citations range, year wise publication, publications of organization, Journal wise publication, and multi authored with degree of collaboration, publications of language, publications of different countries, the Scientometrics analysis of "world Astronomy Science" research during 1989-2015. There are 2592 papers were published in 'web of science' in 27 years,


Using time-differential perturbed angular correlation, researchers investigate the hyperfine interactions of titanium dioxide using the ISOLDE facility at CERN.Using time-differential perturbed angular correlation, researchers investigate the hyperfine interactions of titanium dioxide using the ISOLDE facility at CERN.


In July, 2010 the field research was conducted on the territory of Turukhansk district of Krasnoyarsk Krai by the postgraduate and undergraduate students of Siberian Federal University within the framework of realization of the project "Krasnoyarsk Krai as multicultural space, native land of the indigenous and small-numbered peoples of the North" and "Culture of the indigenous and smallnumbered peoples of the North under conditions of global transformations". The aim of the field research was to collect the material on the traditional culture of the indigenous small numbered peoples, living in settlements Turukhansk and Farkovo, in particular – the Selkups, the Kets and the Evenks. The tasks of the research included studying the peculiarities of modern conditions of housekeeping, material and spiritual culture, customs and ceremonies. The following methods were used: interrogations, observations, interviews, photographic fixation of material things, architecture, and photographs from family archives.


Background : In 2013 based on the WHO (Word Health Organization) records the incidence ofappendicitis it was quite high in the world. The issues that occur mortality of appendicitis is21.000 people, for female population is more high than men. Furthermore, accordings to therecords measuremants of Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia in 2012 is 596.132 peopleand in 2013 increased to 621.435 people. In Indonesia the incidence of appendicitis infest thehighest rank between the other emergency abdomen cases from the result survey of HouseholdHealth Survey or SKRT. The profile of Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota West Java Province in 2015was gived statement about the pattern of appendicitis at the age group ranges 5 ± 44 years old forhospitalized patients was 24,2%.Research Objective : The purpose in this research is to find out the effect of Mozart's classicalmusic therapy towards the changes of pain scale in postoperative appendicitis patients in DahliaRoom Bogor Hospital.Research Methods : The type of this research is an experiment with quasi-experimental designand Non Equivalent Control Group design. The population in this studies are all of the post operative appendicitis patients in Dahlia Room Bogor Hospital, with 26 samples researched thatusing saturated sampling techniques, and the retrievel to complete the material informations wereused interview techniques at the preliminary studied and observation sheet when the research wasbegin. Results of the study :There is shown the differences result of the pain scale before and afterintervention group as 0,005, and the differences in the results of the pain scale before and after the control group as 1,000, and the effect of classic mozart's music therapy towards the changes ofpain scale for post operative appendicitis in Dahlia Room Bogor Hospital as 0,007 (p < 0,05).Conclusion : There is a effect of Mozart's classic music therapy toward the changes of pain scalefor postoperative appendicitis patients in Dahlia Room Bogor Hospital. The results of thisresearchmight become knowledge for post operative patients to reduce pain scale by combiningmedical and non-treatment medical.


Robert Barclay inhabited a wide-ranging spiritual and theological world. He has long been acknowledged as a Jesuit-trained ex-Calvinist well versed in Protestant scholastic theology, yet Barclay was also familiar with Jewish kabbalistic writings through Knorr von Rosenroth's Kabbala denudata. A comparison of Barclay with his friend George Keith, who was also influenced by von Rosenroth, reveals new layers of meaning in Barclay's work, particularly in applications of kabbalistic terms to Christology.


Roentgenograms and electrocardiograms. Massive hepatomegaly was repeatedly demonstrated by roentgenologic examination in all 4 cases (Table 2 ) . Slight splenic enlargement was also seen, but the degree was in no way comparable with the enlarged liver. No definite renal enlargement was found. Slight hypertrophy of the left cardiac ventricle with left preponderance in electrocardiograms possibly occurred in two cases. Carbohydrate tests. The fasting blood sugar at times showed a small decrease, once was greatly decreased, but as a rule was within the normal range (Fig. 2 ) . This applied equally to glucose (glucose oxidase method) and anthrone-reacting sugars. Oral glucose tolerance tests gave largely normal curves (Fig. 3). Adrenalin tolerance tests evoked no or only slight glucose response. Simultaneously tested normal children showed adequate glucose response (Fig. 4). I n S. T. (Case 4) a distinct but slight, early increase in blood glucose occurred after injection of adrenalin a t one occasion. At another occasion in the same cas3 as well as in the other cases there was a tendency to a slight, late increase in blood glucose after adrenalin injection. The Legal acetone reaction was positive


Screening for prostate cancer remains controversial; the use of circulating prostate cells could be an ideal biomarker to detect prostate cancer. However, different methods have produced differing results. We review these methods and the published results, comparing with the use of standard immunocytochemistry and double immunomarcation with anti-PSA and anti-P504S to define a primary malignant circulating prostate cell. It´s use as a sequential test in men with an elevated total serum PSA and before a prostate biopsy. We review the results comparing with total serum PSA, PSA based parameters and nomograms.


There is growing evidence of cardiac complications due to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID 19). Our case is a case of a young patient with COVID-19 and symptomatic sinus pauses.


We present the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) prediction for the polarization of the J/{psi} promptly produced in b{r_arrow}J/{psi}+X, as well as the helicity-summed production rate. We propose that these observables can be of avail in measuring the three most important color-octet NRQCD matrix elements involved in J/{psi} production. Anticipating the measurement of the polarization parameter {alpha}, we determine its expected range given current experimental bounds on the color-octet matrix elements. We find that the leading-order NRQCD prediction for the polarization parameter {alpha} is expected to lie in the range {minus}0.33 to 0.05 whereas the color-singlet model prediction is {minus}0.40{plus_minus}0.04. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


THE seventh meeting of the International Medical Congress, which has just been held in London, has been remarkable from many points of view. The sudden growth of the Congress from an assembly of 600 to one of over 3000 members, the truly cosmopolitan character of the gathering, the great scientific activity displayed, the lavish private and public hospitality and marked Royal patronage conferred, have one and all marked out this meeting as a very great event. It has been the largest and most complete assembly of scientific men that this age, and therefore any age, has ever witnessed, and if the results to science should prove to be at all commensurate, it will be a very prominent event in the history of the progress of science.


After treating the fresh-cut fruit sugarcane with different storage agents, the storage effects and their physiological characteristics were studied.The results were as follows: during storage process,the respiration rate and the PPO activity of fresh-cut fruit sugarcane increased;the content of reducing sugar and alcohol also gradually increased,and the content of soluble sugar,sucrose and V_C decreased gradually.Above process was postponed while treating fresh-cut fruit sugarcane with storage agents,the storage effect could last for 15 days below 12 ℃ treated with chitosan and additional ingredients.


were marijuana users and almost a third of all teenagers polled answered that they or some close friendI used marijuania. It is the rare person today wh0o does not have a frienid or relative wlho has tried pot, and a large number of people certainly know incidenits of its use even in the grammar schools. Solomon Snycler has assembled a concise, intelligenit treatise on some important aspects of marijuana that reveals the stubject to be not only fascinating but also terribly mis-undcerstood. In writing this book, the autlhor lhas compiled an impressive list of references an(d supportiv%e articles. The first two chapters, "MIarijtuana as Medicine" and "A Brief World History," were taken from the December 13, 1970 New York Times Mlagazine article "What We Have Forgotten About Pot" and the third clhapter, "Belhavioral Effects," fromi the 'May 1971 issue of Psychology Today. The fourth chapter, "Dangers," is written by the autlhor and discusses rationally and objectively the real and apparent dangers as well as misconceptions associated witll the use of marijuania. The Indian Hemp Commission Report of 1893 and the La Guardia Report of 1944 are only two of the several major studies cited that have attempted to assess the dangers of marijuana. A most valuable part of this chapter is a disctussion of the relationship between marijuana and lheroin. Stupposedly, smoking pot leads to the use of heroin. Dr. Snydler points out that this is not only a relatively new idea (since the 1930's) but also that proof of this alleged sequel is difficult to find whereas mtuch evidence to the contrary exists. He concludes, "The 'stepping stone to heroin' theory lhas been pretty muich debunkedl. It seems likely that tlle association between the two drugs is due simply to their being sold by the same pedd(llers." The chapter, "Research and Progress," also written by Dr. Snyder, (liscuisses the chemical basis of pot, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the relation-slhip between pot and LSD, and possible fuLture uses of THC. In the final clhap-ter, "Legal Turmoil," the autlhor refers the reader to the more comprelhensive disctlssion of marijuana and the law in J. Kaplan's Marijluania: The NVew Prohibition. MIentioned in this brief clhapter are several inconsistencies and, more importantly , current and future legislation whlich miglht solve the thorny prol)lem of the legality of marijuana. Twenty-one fine plhotograplhs, taken from several sources andI dispersed tlhroughlout the text, range from close-ups of the …


Abstract. We formulate image segmentation as subspace clustering of image feature vectors. We propose a subspace representation model using a nonconvex extension of trace Lasso and a nonconvex approximation of rank function to regularize the subspace representation. The proposed model can adaptively capture the local and the global structures of the subspace representation so that the subspace representation can reveal the real subspace structure of the data and obtains excellent clustering performance. Experimental results show that the proposed model is better than the previous models in clustering and natural image segmentation.


Imaging cells and tissues through opaque and turbid media is challenging and presents a major barrier for monitoring maturation and remodeling of bioengineered tissues. The fiber optics based imaging system described here offers a new approach for fluorescent cell imaging. A micro imaging channel is embedded in a Polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun scaffold designed for cell seeding, which allows us to use an optical fiber to locally deliver excitation laser close to the fluorescent cells. The emission is detected by an Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Device (EMCCD) detector and image reconstruction of multiple excitation points is achieved with a working distance of several centimeters. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of system parameters on image reconstruction outcomes. Initial studies using fluorescent beads indicated that scaffold thickness had a small effect on image quality, whereas scaffold composition (collagen content), fluorophore spectra, and the reconstruction window size had a large effect. The results also suggest that a far-red fluorescent emission is preferential when using collagenous scaffolds with a thickness of up to 500 μm. Using these optimized parameters, we were able to image fluorescently labeled cells on a scaffold with a resolution of 15-20 μm, and have also measured muscle progenitor cell differentiation and scaffold surface coverage with endothelial cells. In the future, this imaging platform can be applied to other bioengineered tissues for non-invasive monitoring both in vitro and in vivo.


In recent times, the extraction of semantic relation has become extremely useful for the tasks of information retrieval, question answering, decision making, and event prediction. There are a number of relationships such as cause-effect, if-then, part-whole, and etc., that express essential information about how different events or entities are anticipated in relation to one another. Cause-effect relationships, in particular, are considered to play an important role in human cognition due to their ability to leverage decision-making. In this paper, we have investigated the potential of neural network-based language representation models such as the BERT model and the Apache Nutch for the task of causal documents retrieval. The BERT model transformed the sequence of words into fixed-size embedding vector and used cosine similarity for relevance measurement. In comparison, the Apache Nutch is just a keyword matching approach and used an AND search module to retrieve news articles that match the user's query. When it came to performance, the BERT model was the worst, while Apache Nutch showed some positive results.


Policies are used extensively in managing the security of large computer infrastructure systems. Many large organizations and several government entities such as the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) define security policies to specify the allowed configurations of the systems under their watch. The goal of such policies is to help reduce the vulnerability of the infrastructure to attacks, misconfiguration and operator error. To that end, these policies specify allowed interconnections between systems, firewall configurations, software settings, and levels of redundancy in the system's components. Ensuring compliance to such policies through frequent monitoring can reduce the time span during which these systems are vulnerable to attacks. However, faults and attacks can make the underlying information used for validating compliance erroneous or incomplete. A compromised system could feed false information about its state to the compliance monitoring system. In this paper we introduce the concept of robustness of compliance. We show that systems which are compliant to security policies can exhibit different level of resilience to false information and we provide an algorithm for quantitatively computing a measure of robustness based on the concept of distance from violation. Intuitively, our algorithm computes an estimation of the amount of false information that needs to be provided to a compliance monitoring system for making an infrastructure appear compliant even when the underlying system is not compliant. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach is viable


ABSTRACT This study is a survey of the floristic composition of the Parker Creek watershed located in the Sierra Ancha Mountains of Arizona. This watershed includes ecological communities ranging from the Sonoran Upland Province to Rocky Mountain Montane Conifer Woodlands. The collections were conducted along designated routes within the lower and mid-upper reaches of the creek, including the inner canyon. A checklist was completed using both our new collections and several herbarium queries with the Southwestern Environmental Information Network (SEINet). This study reports the presence of 625 species, representing 335 genera and 94 families of vascular plants. The flora is predominantly comprised of angiosperms (ASU, Flowering plants), but also includes gymnosperms (conifers), lycophytes (club mosses), sphenophytes (horsetails) and pteridophytes (ASU, Ferns). A comparison to the nearby Sierra Ancha Wilderness, also located in the Sierra Ancha Mountains, revealed only 47% similarity to the Parker Creek watershed species.


In sub‐Saharan Africa, adult outpatients with symptoms of acute infectious illness are not routinely tested for prevalent or acute HIV infection (AHI) when seeking healthcare.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous moxifloxacin in the short-term treatment of lower respiratory tract infection with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods 60 patients with AECOPD were randomly into test group and control group,30 cases of each.Patients were treated with moxifloxacin for 5 days in the test group.Levofloxacin was given for 10 days in the control group,observed the clinical effect of the two groups.Results The effective rate and bacterial eradication rates were higher than the control group,there were statistically significant differences between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Moxifloxacin is effective and safe in the treatment of AECOPD.


The X-ray analysis of the natural product 2',5'-di-acetylavarol [De Giulio, De Rosa, Di Vincenzo & Strazzullo (1990). Tetrahedron, 46, 7971-7976], 2-[(1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,2,4a,5-tetrarnethyl-1 -naphthyl)methyl]-1,4-benzenediyl diacetate, C 25 H 34 O 4 , is reported. Short intramolecular contacts between the bulky substituents of the bicyclic system cause significant distortions of the molecular geometry. The Δ 3,4 cyclohexene ring adopts a conformation intermediate between half chair and half boat, and the cyclohexane ring is in a nearly ideal chair conformation The hydroquinone system is almost perpendicular to the trans-fused sesquiterpene residue. The acetyl groups are oriented on the opposite sides of the aromatic ring with the carbonyl O atoms cis relative to their respective ring C atoms. Crystal packing exhibits normal van der Waals interactions.


Background:  Indoor mould growth and dampness are associated with respiratory health effects and allergies and several studies demonstrated that mainly Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium expansum are responsible for indoor mould exposure. In contrast, commercialized test systems to diagnose allergic reactions to this mould species are not available. In this study, allergenic proteins from spores of the indoor relevant species A. versicolor and P. expansum should get detected and identified.


Injection compression molding (ICM) with high aspect ratio surface features was performed to clarify the effect of molding conditions on replication characteristics and molecular orientation distribution. Short-shot defects and surface replication were better when using ICM than when using conventional injection molding. A long compression stroke and short delay time condition were optimum conditions to used to achieve uniform surface replication. Molecular orientation was also reduced by the long compression stroke. To reduce molecular orientation, the compression motion should be carried out immediately after injection motion in the case of 0.2 mm thickness. For 0.6 mm thickness, the compression motion was conducted after the shear stress relaxation to reduce the molecular orientation. Short-shot tests revealed distinctive replication behavior in ICM. Results show that replication behavior and local molecular orientation are generated by a slightly frozen layer at the filling area before compression.


While the study of waves in disordered media, including effects such as Anderson localization, and the study of nonlinear systems, including effects such as soliton propagation, have each received considerable attention, the combined field, nonlinear wave propagation in disordered media, is relatively new. A fundamental question is: Does nonlinearity weaken Anderson localization? In this paper we report the results of an experiment, which can provide conditions filling a gap in the current theory, showing that states remain Anderson localized in the presence of nonlinearity


In the previous chapters, the sequential steps of a frame reflective Interactive Learning and Action approach to responsible research and innovation in neuroeducation have been described. This process aimed to contribute to the socially robust application of neuroimaging and neurogenomics in the field of education, but also to the further development of a conceptual and methodological framework conducive to responsible research and innovation. The main research question addressed in this thesis is: How can we contribute to a responsible research and innovation process of neuroimaging and neurogenomics innovations for the domain of education? In order to provide this answer, the four sub-questions will be addressed, of which the first three relate to the neuroeducation domain-specific opportunities and concerns, and the last the RRI process. After this, the limitations faced in conducting this study are discussed. Finally, some ideas on ways to proceed with regard to both RRI theory and methods, and to the neuroeducation domain will be presented. 10.1 Conclusions 10.1.1 Guiding visions in the field of neuroeducation The two technologies for which guiding visions were identified and developed will be discussed separately below, as the research into guiding visions demonstrated that the two fields are in different innovation development stages. Chapter 10 172 Neurogenomics The exploratory study to identify guiding visions of neurogenomics in the context of learning and education showed that in the literature, future visions concerning the implications of neurogenomics for the practice of education are generally absent (see chapter 5). Although the field of neurogenomics is developing rapidly, articles are predominantly oriented towards medical practice, focusing on the diagnosis, prevention, treatment and prognosis of learning disorders. Genomics research into more general phenomena such as intelligence is performed, but future visions expressed in articles reporting this research typically involve the understanding of the general biological determinants of these phenomena, without mentioning the translation of this information into applications in education. Subsequently, interviews and a focus group were conducted with experts in the field of neurogenomics and neurogenetics research with potential relevance to the domain of education. As no researchers identify themselves as such, it was difficult to pinpoint who exactly comprise the field of neurogenomics for education in the Netherlands. The scientists that were involved in our study came from different disciplinary backgrounds and had different empirical practices. They did not share guiding visions


The next generation of spectroscopic surveys is expected to provide spectra for hundreds of thousands of white dwarf (WD) candidates in the upcoming years. Currently, spectroscopic classification of white dwarfs is mostly done by visual inspection, requiring substantial amounts of expert attention. We propose a data-driven pipeline for fast, automatic selection and spectroscopic classification of WD candidates, trained using spectroscopically confirmed objects with available Gaia astrometry, photometry, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectra with signal-to-noise ratios ≥9. The pipeline selects WD candidates with improved accuracy and completeness over existing algorithms, classifies their primary spectroscopic type with $\gtrsim 90\%$ accuracy, and spectroscopically detects main sequence companions with similar performance. We apply our pipeline to the Gaia Data Release 3 cross-matched with the SDSS Data Release 17 (DR17), identifying 424 096 high-confidence WD candidates and providing the first catalogue of automated and quantifiable classification for 36 523 WD spectra. Both the catalogue and pipeline are made available online. Such a tool will prove particularly useful for the undergoing SDSS-V survey, allowing for rapid classification of thousands of spectra at every data release.


In England and Wales there is a statutory National Curriculum which includes geography for ages 5–16. In addition to the programmes of study prescribed for geography, the proposed revision of the curriculum (Curriculum 2000) includes common requirements for all subject areasto develop communication skills with an emphasis on oracy, reading and writing. This should be seen in light of the British government's commitment to raising standards of literacy by 2002 (Literacy Task Force, 1997: 7), making the development of literacy an area of critical concern to all teachers. The challenge for geographers is to show how their subject can contribute to children's literacy development. This paper reports on part of a study carried out with Year 5 children (aged 9–10 years) in a suburban school in South Wales.


Authors introduce what fractal is and discuss some problems why the fractals of traffic flow must be researched and how to calculate fraction dimension.The calculation results of the two time series of real traffic flow are given.The theoretical significance and practical importance of the results are discussed.


The paper shows that commercial banks' ability to lower deposit interest rates (market power) can increase deposit mobilization. Interest expenses saved can subsidize and lower fees on checking and branching services and thus help attract deposits. United States data illustrates the financial deepening effect of this market power. Commercial banks' ability to lower deposit interest rates diminishes when their deposits become closer substitutes to nonbank liabilities requiring greater interest rate competition. Lack of bank deposit market power, including through capital account mobility, may lessen financial deepening.


Objective:To investigate the effects of emergency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)treatment on left ventricular functions of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.Methods: All cases enrolled in were 65 patients admitted for the first acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention from September 2007 to October 2009,which included 35 cases in emergency PCI group(group P) and 30 cases in selective PCI group(control group,group C).After PCI,all patients were examined by echocardiography in 7 days and 6 months respectively.Left ventricular ejection fraction and mitral flow spectrum were measured to evaluate left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions.Overall cardiac functions were evaluated by 6-minute walking test in 6 months after PCI.Results: The left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in group P were superior to those of group C,and the cardiac functions of group P were also significantly superior to that of group C proved by the results of 6-minute walking test.Conclusions: Emergency PCI may apparently improve left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,and to raise life qualities as well.


The volume phase transition of poly(NIPAm/MAA) copolymer nanoparticles in buffer solutions at various pH and in aqueous solutions of KCl or ionic surfactants (SDS and DTMAB) was systematically studied using dynamic laser scattering technique. It was found that ionizable MAA groups imparted a responsiveness of the particles to pH and electrolytes. At pH > pKa of the copolymer, electrostatic repulsion of negative charges, mostly from COO− groups, was a governing mechanism for preventing the particles from collapse at T > Ttr. The particles exhibited a sharp volume phase transition upon elimination of the negative charges by decreasing the pH of the medium or by the addition of cationic surfactant. At pH < pKa, the presence of MAA groups enhanced the hydrophobicity of the particles as indicated by a lower Ttr and a sharper volume phase transition. A pH 4 buffer at the same ionic strength exhibited the most significant effect on the particle size and phase transition, followed by the ionic surfactant with an opposite charge (e.g., DTMAB), KCl, and finally the ionic surfactant with the same charge (e.g. SDS). © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2667–2676, 1999


study of all the anthropomorphic expressions used in the Bible-bodily attributes and actions, emotions, residence, and theophanies-and then the modifications in the later texts and versions, whereby some of the cruder expressions were modified, but without doing away altogether with anthropomorphism. Indeed, even to-day we do not dispense with anthropomorphism altogether, but continue to speak of the hand and eye and heart of God. In the final section of the book, which is the most important, the author estimates the religious significance of anthropomorphism, shows that it preserves the personal character of God instead of making Him a pale abstraction, and is essential to the conception of a God who reveals Himself and who is active in His world, and is vital to the belief in a God who calls men


To transfer large power in inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) system, parallel secondary pickups are adopted. Because of the error of installation and measure, the parameters of parallel pickup modules are not completely consistent, resulting in the current unbalance or even over- current in parallel modules, which will damage the elements like resonant capacitance, even destabilize the system. This paper presents a novel current balance strategy to balance the current of parallel pickup modules caused by inconsistent parameters in ICPT system. The circuit model of ICPT is analyzed firstly and equivalent resistance is derived in the parallel multi-pickups system. To transform impedance, the BUCK circuit is introduced in secondary circuit. The simulation results are presented to show the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the control strategy.


The authors have applied the method using delayed neutrons developed for the investigation of highly enriched uranium (HEU) systems to investigate {sup 237}Np. This method uses an external radiation probe of 10-MeV bremsstrahlung photons to induce fission of the {sup 237}Np sample. The photon source, a 10-MeV electron linear accelerator (linac), is operated in a pulsed mode with a pulse width of {approximately}6 {micro}s at a frequency of {approximately}50 Hz. For all the measurements, 45,000 pulses from the linac were used. The linac output was {approximately}150 R/min at 1 m from the bremsstrahlung source. Neutrons are detected by a medium-efficiency, {sup 3}He-based, neutron detector system between pulses of the interrogating probe. The data acquisition system is gated off during the linac beam burst and for an additional 2000 {micro}s. The neutron detection times are recorded and subsequently analyzed with the Feynman reduced-variance method. This analysis provides a measure of the number of single (N1/s) and double (N2/s) neutron events detected from fission events. These fission events are predominantly produced by the delayed neutrons from fission products resulting from interactions with the 10-MeV bremsstrahlung photons during the interrogating probe burst.


Psychiatric disorders are frequently discussed in the HIV/AIDS literature as contributing to both the risk of acquiring HIV and interfering with HIV treatment efforts. Personality disorders make up a subset of these psychiatric problems, and are more prevalent among people living with and at risk of acquiring HIV than among those in the general population. The prevalence rate of personality disorders among people living with HIV ranges from 19% to 36%, and from 15% to 20% among those at risk for acquiring HIV (Jacobsberg, Frances, Perry, 1995; Johnson, Williams, Rabkin, & Goetz, 1995; Perkins, Davidson, Leserman, Liao, & Evans, 1993). In contrast, the prevalence rate of personality disorders in the general population is approximately 10% (Lezenweger, 2008). Although it is clear that most individuals with HIV do not have a personality disorder, the disproportionate prevalence rates among those living with HIV and at risk of acquiring HIV, compared to the general population, certainly warrant concern. Due to the complex nature of personality disorders and varying notions about what constitutes personality in general, researchers and theorists are far from drawing conclusions about the relationship between HIV and personality disorders. Nevertheless, literature in the area does shed light on how certain personality styles may lead to high risk behavior and treatment obstacles, as well as on how providers may better reach these patients. This article aims to highlight the literature that helps explain the relationship between HIV risk and personality disorders, as well as offer a brief discussion regarding how Axis II pathology can interfere with treatment and what steps can be taken to overcome these obstacles.


This work deals with problem of development of rural area of Hradec Kralove region which is part of Program of develepment of rural area Czech Republic 2007-2013. The content of this work is summary of ways that support for development and devise next possibilities that help for development of rural area.


The reactions of new oxine derivatives with additional coordinative sites, 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carbaldehyde, 2-(p-chlorophenylaminomethyl)-, 2-(naphthylaminomethyl)-, 2-(p-tolylaminomethyl)-, and 2-(o-hydroxyphenylaminomethyl)-8-hydroxyquinoline, and N,N′-bis(8-hydroxy-2-quinolylmethyl)ethylenedianiine (abbreviated as HQA, CAMHQ, NAMHQ, TAMHQ, PAMHQ, and BHQED respectively), with Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ were investigated by potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods. The stability constants of the metal chelates were determined in a 50 v/v % aqueous dioxane solution at 25°C. The stability constants of metal chelates of HQA, NAMHQ, CAMHQ, and TAMHQ with a ligand-to-metal ratio of 2:1 are lower than those of oxine. In these ligands, steric hindrance due to the aminomethyl group results in lower stability constants of the metal chelates. PAMHQ reacts as a terdentate ligand with Cu2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+to form 1:1 chelates by coordination with quinoline nitrogen and two phenol...


A kind of synthetic thickener with soft handle applied in leather printing process,enhanced the hand touch and color yield of the printed leather just like dyestuff printed result,which was high efficient and met enviromental standard in leather printing procedure.


Objective: The objective is to know the clinical profile of hospitalized patients with enteric fever and study the association of those clinical profiles with laboratory investigations.
Methods: It was a hospital-based, prospective, cross-sectional, observational study, performed in the Department of Paediatric Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, over a period of 1 year from May 2021 to November 2022 to know the clinical profile of hospitalized patients of enteric fever and study association of that clinical profile with laboratory investigations. Prior permission from the institutional ethical committee was obtained. This study included a total of 100 children diagnosed with enteric fever.
Results: Among study participants, the most common symptoms were fever (95), vomiting (39) and diarrhea (32). Other symptoms were pain abdomen (31), cough (23), anorexia (16), and headache (13). Among the signs, pallor was present in 26, icterus in 17, and hepato-splenomegaly in 16 children. Various hematological abnormalities found were as follows-leucopenia (87), leukocytosis (27), thrombocytopenia (16), pancytopenia (6), eosinopenia (66), and anemia (53). Hyponatremia and hypokalemia were found in 16 and 17 participants, respectively. Transaminitis was present in 32 participants. Mean Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase was 48.6±65.2 and 48.9±71.8 IU/L, respectively. Positive C-reactive protein was found in 84 participants and blood culture was positive in 61 children. Among study participants various complications found were hepatitis, and bronchitis in 10 participants each followed by bronchopneumonia and encephalopathy in 2 participants each.


The reproductive cycle and cycles in fat body and liver masses were examined in Urosaurus ornatus from central Arizona. Adult males underwent spermiogenesis from mid-April until late August. The cycle in testes mass was paralleled by cyclical activity in structure of the seminiferous tubules and epididymides. Mass of fat bodies and livers also fluctuated seasonally, showing a distinct increase with declining reproductivity. Yolk deposition in females occurred from May until late August with ovulation occurring from early June until early September. Breeding females comprised two groups: young females in their first breeding season and older females that were in at least their second breeding season. The younger (smaller) group had a mean clutch size of 6.0 and produced only one clutch, whereas the older (larger) group had a mean clutch size of 7.7 and at least a portion of these females produced more than one clutch. For the most part, older females began breeding earlier in the reproductive season than y...


The size distribution function of stratospheric aerosol layer is discussed based on the data by laser radar at Fukuoka and the small ion concentrations deduced from the results of radiosonde observations at Kagoshima. If we use a size distribution spectrum essentially similar to that originally proposed by Friedlander (1960), both data are explained consistently. It is shown that the obtained mass concentrations are sensitive functions of assumed refractive indices, and the order of magnitude agrees well with the aircraft sampling result. The relaxation time is examined on the above model by using gas kinetic theory in the subrange, where Knudsen number is greater than 3. It is shown that the Aitken particle concentration near the lower end of the spectrum is numerous and the rate of coagulation is adequate for the in situ formation theory of aerosols and the relaxation time of the SO2 gas oxidation required by the analysis of variations of the isotope concentration ratio [32S]/[34S] due to Castleman (1970). The influence of the volcanic injection into the stratosphere on the modification of the size distribution is briefly examined, and resulting variations of parameters are discussed.


Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved treatment and drastically prolonged survival of HIV patients. As HIV patients are reaching an older age, clinicians are forced to manage the coexistence of HIV infection and common chronic medical problems both related and unrelated to HIV. Although the exact relationship is not fully understood, an increased incidence of thromboembolism has been reported in the HIV-infected population. Anticoagulation therapy has become a standard protocol for the treatment of HIV patients developing a number of disorders from myocardial infarctions to deep vein thrombosis. Specific types of cerebrovascular disease are associated with HIV infection. In addition, with improved treatment and prolonged survival, more HIV-infected patients reach an older age and are at risk for cerebrovascular diseases unrelated to HIV infection. HIV-positive patients may suffer transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or hemorrhagic, thrombotic, or embolic strokes. AIDS seems to confer additional risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke independent of other stroke-related risk factors. Some mechanisms responsible for strokes, both nonspecific and specific to HIV, include hypertension, hypotension, cardiac disease, illicit drug use, coagulopathy, vasculitis (infectious, autoimmune), and hemorrhage (including hemorrhage into neoplasms and abscesses), but other mechanisms may be operative that are less well understood. Regardless of HIV status, patients undergoing anticoagulation are at an increased risk for bleeding during invasive dental procedures. The bleeding risk for HIV patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy is further complicated by reported drug interactions between antiretroviral agents and the anticoagulant warfarin and hematologic abnormalities such as thrombocytopenia. As clinicians, it is critical that we recognize an increased risk of thrombosis in HIV-infected patients and understand medications utilized in anticoagulation therapy, laboratory values relevant to pharmacotherapy, and potential drug interactions between antiretroviral agents and anticoagulants. When providing dental treatment to these patients, we must execute management techniques to control bleeding complications and understand the risk versus benefit of altering or


There is a close link between the construction of the small towns and the reforms and development of the county enterprises. The small towns are the basis and medium for the reforms and development of the town enterprises which are the backbone of the towns. However, there still exist some problems to be solved urgently, such as incompletion of the interaction between the construction and the reforms of the small towns. The solution of these problems has a great significance for the promotion of the construction and the reforms.


AbstractThis article attempts to examine the effect of non-performing assets (NPA) on behaviour of banks in India. The objectives of this article is to test if lending choices of Indian Banks demon...


[Objective] To investigate the expressions of aromatase protein, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and nucleus related antigen (Ki67) in endometrial diseases, and to evaluate their clinical significances in early diagnosis and endocrine therapy of endometrial adenocarcinoma. [Methods] Experimental group: 148 cases including 30 of endometrial hyperplasia, 30 of atypical proliferation and 88 of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Control group: 60 cases including 30 of proliferative endometrium and 30 of secretory endometrium. Immunohistochemical technology method was used to detect the expressions of Aromatase, ER, PR and Ki67 in these cases. [Results] The expressions of Aromatase protein, ER, PR and Ki67 in endometrial proliferation, atypical proliferation had no statistical significances compared with the proliferative endometrium (P>0.05). The expression of Aromatase protein in endometrial adenocarcinoma increased obviously, which is higher than benign diseases and control group prominently with statistical significances (P<0.01). However, the positive rate of Aromatase protein did not increase with the increasing of clinical phase and grade of cellular differentiation as well as lymphatic metastasis. The decreased positive expressions of ER, PR and increased positive expression of Ki67 in endometrial adenocarcinoma showed a statistical significance compared with control group. What is more, Aromatase did not correlate with ER, PR and Ki67 in endometrial adenocarcinoma. [Conclusion] Aromatase protein is related to the incidence of endometrial adenocarcinoma, and the expressions of antigens (Aromatase, ER, PR and Ki67) provide academic evidences for early diagnosis and endocrine therapy of endometrial adenocarcinoma.


What can principals of middle level schools do to enhance counselor efforts to help the youngsters in their school? The behavior listed in this article is a good place to start.


Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are an epidemic problem in Saudi Arabia, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. This paper investigates the increasing number of RTAs and their related injuries and mortalities in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This study was performed on the population of Saudi Arabia using secondary data from the general authority for statistics from 1990 to 2018. Correlation among the variables (RTAs, injuries, mortalities, and population) was conducted using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), and forecasts of their trends over the next ten years using linear regression was discussed.Results: Eastern, Makkah and Riyadh regions were the top three regions in the number of RTAs accounting for 69% of the total RTAs in Saudi Arabia. All regions have had a pattern of RTA rise from 1990 till 2014 that dropped in the last 4 years. Riyadh had the highest injury rate per 10,000 RTA, although it had the lowest RTA rate per 100,000 population in the period from 2010-2014. Mortality rate in Riyadh doubled between the years 2014 and 2018 while Makkah accounted for the highest RTA-related mortality rates. The correlation between RTAs and mortalities were the highest in the country (r=0.92). In 2030, the average annual increase in the rate of RTAs, related injuries, and related mortalities will be 3%, 2% and 2.1%, respectively.Conclusions: Decision makers in Saudi traffic and transportation department should continue monitoring accidents prevention strategies and their effect. Reasons behind high injury and mortality rates, despite the decrease in the rate of RTAs, should be investigated.


We have designed and constructed a small animal MR-compatible PET system for fully simultaneous MR/PET acquisitions. The scanner uses long optical fibres to distance the field sensitive PET PMTs from the high magnetic field at the centre of an MR scanner. The system has been designed to operate inside a number of different high field MRI scanners. We present a detailed performance evaluation and high field MR compatibility assessment of the PET system. The PET-only performance results are encouraging. We report a reconstructed transaxial resolution of 1.49mm at the centre of the field of view which falls off gradually to 2.52mm at 26.5mm from the centre. The average axial resolution is 2.7mm. The slice sensitivity to a point source is 0.95%, when corrected for both scatter and randoms. The count rate is linear up to an activity of 6 MBq (∼ 5kcps). The scatter fraction was 42% which could be reduced to 26% using MR compatible gamma shields. We have produced images of various hotspot phantoms that demonstrate good image quality. We assessed the MR compatibility of the PET system in a Philips Achieva human 3T scanner. We found there were no artefacts or distortions imposed on either the PET 2D flood position histograms of the PET PMTs or the PET images when the PET system was operated inside the MRI scanner. We have demonstrated that the MRI scanner did not pick up any significant levels of RF interference from the PET electronics by acquiring data across the entire frequency range of the RF head coil whilst the PET was inside the MRI scanner acquiring data. We have characterised the effects of the PET scanner materials on the main magnetic field of the MR scanner using a field map of a large uniform phantom with the PET scanner in the MRI scanner. We found that there were no significant distortions seen in MR images when the PET was located in the MR FOV. We acquired simultaneous MR and PET images of a mouse brain using a dedicated small animal coil in the 3T human system, which demonstrated good image quality. We now plan to use the system to demonstrate novel pre-clinical applications of simultaneous PET/MR.


Current practice to predict amplification of earthquake motion due to the 1D sedimentary layering at a site is based primarily on the shear-wave velocity (VS)-depth profile. Hence, cost-effective urban field techniques to measure and/or estimate VS of the subsurface are of great interest to the earthquake engineering community. The microtremor array method involves recording ambient vibrations with an array of seismic sensors to extract phase velocity surface wave dispersion data which can be inverted for the VS structure at a site. A variety of sediment sites in SW British Columbia, Canada, collocated with invasive VS measurements (downhole and seismic cone penetration) and/or locations of earthquake recordings, have been chosen to assess performance of this passive-source seismic method in providing VS profiles applicable for site response characterization. This paper presents the process of determining and evaluating acceptable VS models at a site. A best-fit VS profile is determined from inversion of ambient vibration array recordings, for a given model parameterization, using a hybrid optimization scheme. The most appropriate model parameterization is determined using the Bayesian information criterion, which provides the simplest model consistent with the resolving power of the data. Parameterizations considered vary in the number of layers, and include layers with constant, linear and power-law gradients. The best-fit VS profiles are assessed for reliability by direct comparison with collocated invasive VS measurements. Overall, fair to excellent agreement is obtained between invasive VS measurements and the bestfit VS profile for the three sites investigated here. These results provide confidence that sufficient detail of the VS profile is derived via inversion of microtremor dispersion data for site response characterization.


We noted with interest recent publications relating to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)induced hyponatraemia (Voegeli and Baumann, 1996; McAskill and Taylor, 1997; Bouman et al. 1997). Bouman et al. (personal communication) suggest that the frequency of SSRI-induced hyponatraemia may be as high as 25% in a population of psychogeriatric patients with 12.5% being symptomatic. McAskill and Taylor (1997) suggest that on the limited evidence available SSRIs should not be replaced by another SSRI if drug-induced hyponatraemia occurs. This could have important implications for the use of SSRIs in the elderly, a population known to be at greater risk of hyponatraemia (Bouman et al., 1997) but for whom SSRIs are often ®rst-line treatment for depression. We report a case which suggests that SSRIinduced hyponatraemia can be a transient phenomenon (normal range sodium concentration 135± 145 mmol/l). A 69-year old spinster with a resistant depressive disorder developed marked hyponatraemia when exposed to ̄uoxetine con®rmed by rechallenge; she then developed mild hyponatraemia with paroxetine but not with citalopram. There was no associated physical illness to produce hyponatraemia and her only medication throughout was cycloprogynova, which she had taken for 3 years. Within 2 weeks of starting ̄uoxetine 20 mg od she developed a marked hyponatraemia (Na ‡ 125) which improved (Na ‡ 129) and then resolved 4 days after drug withdrawal (Na ‡ 134). Rechallenge with ̄uoxetine produced less marked hyponatraemia (Na ‡ 131) which spontaneously improved within 2 weeks (Na ‡ 136). Increasing the dose to ̄uoxetine 40 mg od produced further hyponatraemia (Na ‡ 133) which remained stable until drug withdrawal 1 month later. Exposure to paroxetine 20 mg od produced mild hyponatraemia (Na ‡ 134) within 2 weeks which resolved spontaneously (Na ‡ 135) after 1 month's treatment. Exposure to citalopram 20 mg od failed to produce hyponatraemia although the sodium concentration did fall within the normal range (Na ‡ 138±Na ‡ 135) and increased following withdrawal (Na ‡ 139). It is possible that hyponatraemia could be a transient phenomenon most evident on ®rst exposure and that adaptation may occur with continued or repeated treatment with various SSRIs. There is a need for further investigation involving serial sodium estimations before concluding that SSRIs need to be withdrawn if hyponatraemia develops. This concern regarding SSRI-induced hyponatraemia could lead to an unnecessary reduction in prescribing. C. BELL D. ANDERSON EMI Unit, Mossley Hill Hospital, Liverpool


Islam orders to obey the ruler and not to indulge in activities that may cause disruption & instability of an Islamic state. This research discusses rules & regulations based on sīrah about rebellion (khurūj), and relevant topics from Islamic Jurisprudence. The basic question of this research is whether revolt against the ruler is permissible and what would be the punishment? This research elaborates four types of rebellion. Rulings of Muslim scholars regarding rebellion are subjected to the different positions of rulers. According to all school of thoughts the khurūj is not permitted if the ruler is lawful and serving his community with justice. In contrary, there is difference of opinions about the tyrannous and iniquitous ruler. This article concluded that majority of Muslim Scholars do not permit khurūj in any case, some others laid down very strict conditions in this regard.


Increased menstrual bleeding among IUD users may exacerbate health problems among women in developing countries who suffer dietary deficiencies and parasite infections. 48 new acceptors of IUDs screened for contraindications to IUD use were followed for 1 year with laboratory tests before insertion and at intervals of 6 months. All 48 had initial hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dl and were therefore considered anemic according to World Health Organization criteria for fertile-aged women. The women were typical of IUD acceptors at the clinic and were not selected because they were anemic; in fact women with levels below 9.0g/100 ml were excluded. Lippes loops or cu T 380A IUDs were inserted at random. Stool examinations at the outset of the study and after 6 months showed that 19 of 23 Lippes loop users and 17 of 25 Cu T 380A users had intestinal parasite infections. 17 Lippes loop users and 22 Cu T 380A users were aged 20-34. 52% in each group had had 4 or fewer pregnancies. 17.4% of Lippes loop and 8% of Cu T 380A users had had more than 6 years of schooling. Hemoglobin and serum iron levels showed statistically significant declines among Lippes loop users at 9 and 12 months from 9.72 g/dl initially to 8.73 and 8.57 for hemoglobin and from 75 ug/ml to 63.39 and 60.36 for serum iron. The transferrin saturation index declined from 22.13 initially to 17.21 at 12 months. Results for the Cu T 380A were similar. The hemoglobin level showed a statistically significant decline from 10.22 g/dl initially to 9.53 and 9.27 after 9 and 12 months while serum iron showed a statistically significant decline from 84.16 to 66.95 at 6 months 59.48 at 9 months and 58.39 at 12 months. The transferrin saturation index declined from 23.75 initially to 21.89 at 3 months and 16.33 at 12 months. Although there were no significant differences in the alterations produced by the different devices only 16% of the Cu T 380A users showed declines in the hemoglobin level to under 9 g/dl vs. 47.8% of Lippes loop users. The results demonstrate the need to consider possible alterations in the hemoglobin and serum iron levels before inserting IUDs in high parity women of low socioeconomic status in developing countries.


The manuscript by Gonzalez et al. describes three visualization approaches – correlation circle plots, clustered image maps and relevance networks – to elicit pair-wise associations of variables resulting from integrative analysis, such as Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) or sparse Partial Least Squares regression (sPLS). Cleary, the described visualization technique addresses the need to derive meaningful biological hypothesis from high-throughput omics data arising from different system levels. This claim is further emphasized by the authors by illustrating the application of the graphical outputs on two biological datasets, as well as a validation on synthetic data.


In IR dual-band linear array scan imaging system,the dual-band images are pre-processed independently,and then the region of interest can be recognized. After dual-band image registration,the dual-band images are fused using the complementarity and redundancy from the different band IR detector images. The results show that the recognition probability and the antijamming capability in dual-band linear array scan imaging system can be effectively enhanced through all the methods above.


This study shows that the smaller phytoplankton are better able to acclimate to rapid fluctuations in temperature in the open ocean. In contrast, phytoplankton of all sizes have possibly the same ability along the coast.


This thesis examines the methods through which the administration of George W. Bush utilized the events surrounding the attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11) to legitimize a type of imperial American foreign policy. The central argument of this research is that 9/11 was used by the Bush administration to present a perceived shift in the danger and threat that America faced, thus legitimating a more aggressive foreign policy, which this thesis categorizes as 'informal imperialism'. It argues that an American grand strategy of global dominance is not new, but rather constitutes a continuation of policies whose ideological roots date back to the 1990s.
This thesis explores this argument through the lens of critical geopolitics (CGP), which provides a critical and interdisciplinary framework for unpacking geographical assumptions in geopolitics and questions how they function within ideology. CGP serves as a framework for understanding the use of language in constructing and normalizing imperial policies in the United States after 9/11. Methodologically, this thesis used critical discourse analysis (CDA), which provides tools for analyzing discourse, and examining how language is the key to understanding how power functions.
This thesis deploys a critical analysis and definition of American imperialism and the contributions of CGP to the debate of a 'post 9/11 world'. A CDA of the writings of key people in the Bush administration traces their foreign policy and its ideological roots. Further, a CDA of post 9/11 discourses focuses on the changing geography of danger, fear, threat and the act of Othering as it relates to a post 9/11 world. Finally, a CDA of the discourses surrounding the Global War on Terror is conducted, arguing that the frames set up in relation to a new and dangerous world paved the way for policies that justified a war with Iraq.


The low concentrations of formaldehyde found in the vicinity of durable press fabrics are due to the high affinity of formaldehyde for cellulosic substrates. Transport of formaldehyde that is generated by hydrolysis of the finish to the atmosphere is controlled by a sorption equilibrium that increasingly favors the cellulosic substrate with decrease in temperature, and the high distribution coefficient at ambient temperatures minimizes the exposure risk. Sorption isotherms follow the Langmuir equation, suggesting site sorption. The high heat of sorption indicates chemical rather than physical sorption and suggests that hemiacetal formation is involved. At temperatures above 65°C, hemiacetals react further to form methylene crosslinks, which are hydrolytically very stable and from which formaldehyde is not recovered by simple extraction with water at 60°C.


This chapter presents a novel speed control design of electric vehicle (EV) to improve the comportment and stability under different road constraints condition. The control circuit using intelligent fuzzy PI controller is proposed. Parameters which guide the functioning of PI controller are dynamically adjusted with the assistance of fuzzy intelligent control. Actually, electric vehicle (EV) including, full cell and hybrid vehicle have been developed very rapidly as a solution to energy and environmental problem. Driven EVs are powered by electric motors through transmission and differential gears, while directly driven vehicles are propelled by in-wheel or, simply, wheel motors [1, 2]. The basic vehicle configurations of this research has two directly driven wheel motors installed and operated inside the driving wheels on a pure EV. These wheel motors can be controlled independently and have so quick and accurate response to the command that the vehicle chassis control or motion control becomes more stable and robust, compared to indirectly driven EVs. Like most research on the torque distribution control of wheel motor, wheel motors [3, 15] proposed a dynamic optimal tractive force distribution control for an EV driven by four wheel motors, thereby improving vehicle handling and stability [4, 5].


The academic commemoration of Philip Melanchthon, humanist, reformer and 'teacher of Germany' ('praeceptor Germaniae'), occurred for the first time on a large scale in 1760, the two-hundredth anniversary of his death. This article offers a first exploration of the bicentennial. It explores how Melanchthon's commemorators in central Europe positioned him as a hero of the early German Enlightenment (Aufklärung), singling out and reinterpreting his labours for the 'improvement of humanity'. Shorn of context, divested of theological and ecclesiastical commitments, Melanchthon became the model scholar and the pride of Lutheran Germany, who transcended confessional particularities to instruct all of Europe.


Date Presented 04/21/2023
 A qualitative examination is presented of experiences of LD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) challenges and symptom manifestation among college students negotiating young adult daily tasks and social, work, and academic roles and contexts that may inform OT practice and anticipatory guidance.
 Primary Author and Speaker: Consuelo Kreider
 Additional Authors and Speakers: Anya Klumpp
 Contributing Authors: Sharon Medina


Abstract : Robotic manipulators are widely used in industry where the environment may be too hostile for workers. However, their application has been limited to an industrial setting where the robot is mounted on a stationary base. It is of great interest to expand the application of the robot manipulator to where it is mounted on an autonomous delivery vehicle. This application would enable the delivery vehicle not only to locate objects in a hostile environment, but also to perform tasks that would entirely remove the human being from the hostile environment. This thesis explores the feasibility of implementing a manipulator on an autonomous vehicle. A Zebra-ZERO Force Control Robot is mounted on a moving platform for feasibility simulations of an autonomous delivery vehicle. The Zebra-ZERO system consists primarily of a robotic arm with six degrees of freedom, a six-axis force sensor mounted at the end of the manipulator, and supporting computer hardware and software. In this thesis, the capability of the Zebra-ZERO system is expanded by integrating it with an external sonar ranging system. The sonar ranging system provides range feedback that is critical for positioning the manipulator while it is mounted on a moving platform. Test results demonstrate that the manipulator mounted on a moving platform is able to compensate for random platform motions and successfully perform various manipulation tasks.


The aim of this study was to compare the fecundity and fertility of B. glabrata and B. straminea by cross- and self-fertilization. To attain this objective, laboratory-raised strains of B. glabrata and B. straminea were used. The former originated from natural breeding grounds in the municipality Paulista, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The latter originated from irrigation ditches in the municipality of Petrolândia, in the same state. Snail populations of B. glabrata and B. straminea were maintained for 240 days in laboratory. Their fecundity was evaluated by noting the number of egg-masses, eggs and eggs per mass. Their fertility was evaluated by the number of viable eggs and the hatching rate. B. straminea was markedly more fecund than B. glabrata through cross- and self-fertilization, namely: greater egg-mass; higher egg production and more eggs per mass. Regarding fertility, there seemed to be no preferential period for occlusion to occur or a trend in the rhythm of producing viable eggs.


Feedback control of ionization oscillations in Hall accelerators is investigated with a proportional-integral-derivative controller acting on the discharge voltage. The stability of the current is found to systematically improve with proportional control, whereas integral and derivative control have in most cases a detrimental or insignificant impact. At low discharge voltages, proportional control eliminates at the same time ionization breathing oscillations as well as a coexisting low frequency mode. A progressive deterioration of the stability is observed at higher voltage, presumably attributable to the limited output voltage range of the controller. The time-averaged characteristics of the discharge such as average current, thrust and efficiency, remain unchanged within measurement uncertainties.


Recent research in cationic photopolymerization demonstrates that combining epoxides and oxetanes results in improved kinetic outcomes; however, the nature of this copolymerization has not been fully examined. Here, a spectroscopic method is presented to determine the reactivity ratios for these cationic photopolymerizations. Reactivity ratios are unique for a comonomer pairing and indicate preference for propagation. The calculated reactivity ratios have confirmed copolymerization in these systems and provided classification for the resulting network structure. Introduction The synergy between epoxide and oxetane monomers results in improved outcomes for comonomer systems undergoing cationic ring-opening photopolymerization.1-3 The epoxide reduces the oxetane inhibition time, and the oxetane facilitates increased epoxide polymerization rate and conversion. However, it is not entirely clear if the epoxide and oxetane monomers copolymerize or, if they do copolymerize, what type of polymer structure they form. Understanding the nature of their interaction is critical for design of polymer properties and network structure and is instrumental in controlling phase separation. Copolymers are categorized according to the arrangement of the two monomer units along the polymer chain (Table 1).4 When comonomers favor homopolymerization, block copolymers result. When comonomers favor copolymerization, alternating copolymers form. When comonomers do not have a preference for homopolymerization or copolymerization, random copolymers are produced. Table 1. Polymer chain arrangement for various types of copolymers. Monomer Arrangement Type of Copolymer AAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBBBB Block ABABABABABABABABABABABABA Alternating ABBAABABAABBAAABABBBAABAA Random The kinetics play a crucial role in determining the polymer microstructure for a comonomer system. Mayo and Lewis developed a theoretical basis for the distribution of monomers in a copolymerization.5 Although the method was developed for copolymerization by a free-radical mechanism, it can also be used to describe the addition of cationic monomers (Mi) to an activated chain end (Mi+). Equations 1 and 3 describe homopropagation of monomers M1 and M2, respectively, while Equations 2 and 4 describe the corresponding cross-propagation reactions.6 M1+ + M1 !"" #$ M1M1+ (1) M1+ + M2 !"% #$ M1M2+ (2) M2+ + M2 !%% #$ M2M2+ (3) M2+ + M1 !%" #$ M2M1+ (4) The relative rates at which the two monomers react and enter a copolymer are the monomer reactivity ratios (ri). Equation 5 describes the reactivity ratio of M1, and Equation 6 describes the reactivity ratio of M2.6 r' = k'' k'* (5)