This study aims to examine the factors that influence farmers to sell their farmland, and what impacts are caused by the land sale. This study was conducted in Pemulutan Subdistrict, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. Data obtained from on-site survey were processed through binary logistic regression using SPSS. The impact was presented descriptively based on the interview's results with respondents. The following results were obtained: Factors that significantly influence farmers' decision to sell their land are duration of formal education, distance between land from their residence, presence or absence of pressure, and farming income. The revenue from land sale is mostly used to meet economic needs. The resulting impacts are both positive and negative economic impacts. The social impacts are the livelihood shift from farming sector to non-farming sector and the loss of farmland that will be passed down to children and grandchildren as local people. The ecosystem impact is the emergence of nuisance pests due to homogeneous plant species.


The article seeks to analyze the different hormonal and alternative treatments that aim to mitigate vasomotor events and their relationship with the improvement in the quality of life of climacteric women. The 1 Universidade de Vassouras (UV), Vassouras – RJ. *Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Faculdade Multivix, Vitória – ES. 3Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza – CE. 4 Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha – ES. 5 Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto – SP. 6 Centro Universitário Claretiano (CEUCLAR), Rio Claro – SP. 7 Centro Universitário Atenas (UniAtenas), Paracatu – MG. 8 Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba – MG. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Científico / Electronic Journal Scientific Collection | ISSN 2595-7899 REAC/EJSC | Vol. 16 | e5614 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.25248/reac.e5614.2020 Página 2 de 8 climacteric is defined as the transition period between the woman's reproductive and non-reproductive phase, marked by the decrease in estrogen secretion. The hormonal imbalances that occur during this period are responsible for the manifestations that impair the woman's quality of life, such as vasomotor symptoms, among them hot flushes and sweating, these being the most common phenomena in the diagnosis of climacteric. During this transition period, about 25% of women will need therapy for symptom relief. Treatment during this phase should be individualized for each specific case, always evaluating the characteristics presented by each patient, and can vary between Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), non-hormonal and non-pharmacological treatment. The HRT used to control climacteric phenomena has variation in results according to the drug use scheme and prolonged use is not advised, due to the appearance of adverse reactions, such as venous thrombosis.


The paper explores, in detail, the process of a single assessment as it unfolds session by session. It draws attention to the inevitability of the clinician's harbouring preconceptions of all kinds - especially when working with adolescents. It focuses on the difficulty of withstanding those preconceptions and allowing the patient's true anxieties, conscious and unconscious, to emerge. The process is a complex one requiring close attention to transference and countertransference manifestations, to the central significance of observation, to Bion's notion of the opacity of memory and desire. The case, that of a hypochondriacal 17-year-old young woman, highlights some main concerns and defences of the age group, for example, somatization, separation, fears of madness, issues of identity and, most fundamental of all, sexuality.


This article uses a research project into the online conversations of sex offenders and the children they abuse to further the arguments for the acceptability of experimental work as a research tool for linguists. The research reported here contributes to the growing body of work within linguistics that has found experimental methods to be useful in answering questions about representation and constraints on linguistic expression (Hemforth 2013). The wider project examines online identity assumption in online paedophile activity and the policing of such activity, and involves dealing with the linguistic analysis of highly sensitive sexual grooming transcripts. Within the linguistics portion of the project, we examine theories of idiolect and identity through analysis of the 'talk' of perpetrators of online sexual abuse, and of the undercover officers that must assume alternative identities in order to investigate such crimes. The essential linguistic question in this article is methodological and concerns the applicability of experimental work to exploration of online identity and identity disguise. Although we touch on empirical questions, such as the sufficiency of linguistic description that will enable convincing identity disguise, we do not explore the experimental results in detail. In spite of the preference within a range of discourse analytical paradigms for 'naturally occurring' data, we argue that not only does the term prove conceptually problematic, but in certain contexts, and particularly in the applied forensic context described, a rejection of experimentally elicited data would limit the possible types and extent of analyses. Thus, it would restrict the contribution that academic linguistics can make in addressing a serious social problem.


An experiment was conducted during rainy season at high altitude of Kumaun region to optimize dietary needs of protein (limiting amino acid profile) employing 216 day-old broiler chickens (CARIBRO Dhanraja) divided into 12 groups of 18 each, reared on deep litter. Three experimental regimens with three levels of limiting amino acids (LAA; 115, 100 and 85% of NRC) were formulated at fixed energy level of 3000 kcal ME/kg. The protein levels were 21.9 and 20.2% (LAA115), 19.2 and 17.6% (LAA100) and 16.2 and 14.9 (LAA85) during starting and finishing phases, respectively. Each diet was fed to 4 replicated groups. During different phases of growth, the gain in BW, feed intake and FCR improved (P<0.01) in diets having LAA at 115 and 100% NRC levels than control diet. The birds fed LAA100 or LAA115 had similar BW gain, feed intake and FCR. Lower (P<0.01) BW gain and poorer feed conversion was observed in LAA85. The alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, corticosteron and thyroxine did not differ except plasma calcium and triiodothyronine, which were higher (P<0.01) at high LAA115. The edible meat yield and eviscerated yields were significantly (P<0.01) lower in LAA110 group than LAA115 group. Therefore, the results indicated that a diet with limiting amino acid profile as suggested by NRC (1994) with 19.2 and 17.6% for starting and finishing period and 3000 kcal ME/kg for overall phase was suitable for broilers on high altitude of about 8000 ft.


A laser design with pulsed vapor generation capability for studying metal vapor lasing in this kind of apparatus geometry is outlined. The CVL action was obtained at (lambda) equals 510.6 and 578.2 nm with specific output power and energy of 32 kW/cm3 and 0.64 mJ/cm3, respectively. It is shown that pulsed vapor production makes it possible to minimize the discharge circuit inductance because the temperature of the insulator and electrodes is virtually unchanged. The proposed apparatus is to be used for investigating laser action in transversely excited refractory metal vapors.


A true 3D split-and-merge segmentation technique is compared with a direct MRI measurement method for the estimation of ventricular CSF volume. The segmentation algorithm incorporates simulated annealing and boundary elimination and its performance is also compared with slice-based applications of 2D methods. The direct method is corrected for errors due to image non-uniformity. Using a set of volunteer studies the average differences between the two methods was found to be 36%. From this comparison a new source of measurement error in the direct method, caused by the inclusion of non-ventricular CSF signal, is identified and corrected by reference to the 3D segmentation. Adjusting the direct method in this way we have reduced the difference to 6%, suggesting that algorithmic approaches provide accurate ventricular volume estimation.


The European Union stands for the successful public ordering of "Europe." Its goal is to shape and organize this political and economic area through law, a project involving societies of different mentalities, western democracies, old and young countries in transition, and former Great Powers. That might be ambitious enough, but pressure from outside the Union is also increasing. Alternative concepts campaign strongly to win supporters. The Union's integration agenda is plagued by obvious economic, financial, and social problems. A dissenting spirit has emerged around strongly held convictions concerning what has caused the problems and who should be held responsible. It is a dissenting spirit that, following the Brexit-referendum 23 June 2016, will have significant consequences. Now we have the first withdrawal of a Member State from the European Union.


Abstract For an arbitrary invariant ρ(G) of a graph G the ρ-edge stability number esρ(G) is the minimum number of edges of G whose removal results in a graph H ⊆ G with ρ(H) ≠ ρ(G) or with E(H) = ∅. In the first part of this paper we give some general lower and upper bounds for the ρ-edge stability number. In the second part we study the χ′-edge stability number of graphs, where χ′ = ~′(G) is the chromatic index of G. We prove some general results for the so-called chromatic edge stability index esχ′ (G) and determine es~′ G) exactly for specific classes of graphs.


Sport psychology has been identified as an emerging domain of interest in counseling psychology; however, little is known about professional counseling psychologists' involvement in this area Therefore, a national survey ofSO50male and 500female Division 17 members was conducted. Based on 585 usable questionnaires, results indicated that counseling psychologists (a) were minimally involved in sport psychology research and teaching activities (e.g., having published articles or taught courses), and (b) had received virtually no formal training (e.g., coursework) or supervision in the field Many, however, had worked professionally with athletes in either individual (69%) or group (25%) therapy, or had consulted with an athlete or sport team (37%). Implications of the findings for counseling psychology training and practice are discussed.


Recent technology trends have emphasized low power, single supply operation. The LT1016, although capable of such operation, does not include ground in its input range. As such, it must be biased into its operating common mode range for practical single supply use. A new device, the LT1394, maintains the speed and application civility of its predecessor while including ground in its input operating range. Additionally, the new comparator is faster and pulls significantly lower operating current than the LT1016.


There is a wide range of applications of nanocrystalline manganese nickel ferrites in electrical devices, however, such nanocrystalline compositions are not applied beforehand for enhancing the dielectric withstand voltages of the transformer oils. In this paper, nanofluid for power transformers examined toward enhancing the oil dielectric characteristics. The nanofluid is prepared using the synthesized nanoparticles of manganese nickel ferrite concerning substitution of 20% and through the oxalate precursor route annealed at 1000C. The nanostructure of Mn0.2Ni0.8Fe2O4 is evaluated and verified by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). Nanofluid dielectric characteristics are examined by applying the standard impulse voltage waveform using pin-hemisphere test cell. Different concentrations of nanocrystalline manganese nickel ferrite in the transformer oils such as 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 g/l are experimentally tested to ascertain the enhancement of using the proposed nanocrystalline particles. The dielectric withstand voltage is enhanced by around 40% with using the proposed nanocrystalline Mn0.2Ni0.8Fe2O4 powder.


This Chapter aims to distill a consistent approach to arbitrators' independence and impartiality from past decisions on disqualification requests. In a first part, the interpretation of the manifest lack requirement provided for in Article 57 icsid Convention is scrutinized. The definition of this threshold (i.e. the burden of proof imposed on the challenging party) is crucial, because it determines the effectiveness of the right to an independent and impartial decision-maker. The second part of the Chapter inquires how specific categories of alleged conflict are dealt with. It seeks to derive consistency and predictability from the outcome or reasoning of disqualification decisions in particular constellations. All disqualification decisions which have been published or discussed in scientific literature prior to December 1, 2016 are covered, provided that they make reference to the applicable threshold for arbitrator disqualification, or offer insight into the assessment of certain categories of challenge grounds.136


Performances of planar configuration solid oxide fuel cells were inves tigated. The single cells with 50X 50mm self supporting electrolyte were operated using hydrogen gas and air. 10 cell samples were tested. The contact resistance dominated the cell resistance rather than the material resistance and it was mainly ascribed to the contact between cathode and cathode side separator. Gas utilization test indicated that the electrode polarization was mainly due to cathode. Cells were operated under conditions of high hydrogen utilization. Nominal efficiency of 40%LHV and output power density of 0.19W/cm2 were obtained and any obvious degradation was not observed for lOOOhours.


The issue of tax compliance represents one of the topics where laboratory experiments may provide important insights into human economic decision making. The empirical evidence on the topic is limited as the decision on tax evasion is purely private information of the taxpayer. The experiment presented in the paper focuses on two main topics. At first, we analyze potential influence of two factors - probability of being caught while cheating on taxes and penalty rate imposed on subject who evade. We conclude that behavior of the Czech subjects corresponds to foreign results. At the same time, there is a stronger effect when probability of being caught increases. The effect of increasing penalty rate is rather moderate. Second research question focuses on the terminology used during the experiment. We find that the rate of tax compliance is higher within experimental sessions where subjects face neutral language in the instructions compared to the group with loaded instruction (tax language). This behavior contradicts the results to date and indicates possible country effect which could be linked to specifics of posttransformational society.


Introduction: People with COPD are known to spend more time sitting and lying down than their healthy peers. Few studies have characterised sedentary behaviour in people with COPD. Aim: To characterise sedentary behaviour in an Australian cohort of people with COPD using subjective and objective methods. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of people with COPD recruited from the waiting lists of pulmonary rehabilitation programs at three metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia. Participants wore a thigh-worn activPAL3 micro tri-axial accelerometer/inclinometer (PAL Technologies, Scotland) for seven days, 24 hours per day. Sedentary behaviour (waking activities in sitting or lying with an energy expenditure of ≤1.5 METs) was expressed during self-reported waking hours as (i) daily sedentary time and (ii) daily prolonged sedentary time (i.e., accumulated in bouts of >30 minutes). Participants were defined as being "sedentary" if they spent >8.5 hours/day in sedentary behaviour. Self-reported daily sedentary time was measured using the Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire (SBQ). Results: Thirty-seven participants completed the seven days' of activPAL monitoring (mean (SD) age 73 (11) years, mean FEV1 59 (20) % predicted, 19 males). Participants had a mean sedentary time of 10.74 (1.87) hours/day (72% of total waking wear time), of which 6.45 (2.53) hours/day were accumulated in prolonged bouts. Thirty-three participants (89%) were regarded as being "sedentary". Self-reported sedentary time was significantly lower than objectively measured sedentary time (mean difference 146 minutes, 95% CI 92 to 200). Conclusion: In this cohort of Australian people with COPD, the majority of participants were "sedentary".


This paper presents the results of the largest very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) absolute astrometry campaign to date of 13,645 radio source observations with the Very Long Baseline Array. Of these, 7220 have been detected, including 6755 target sources that have never been observed with VLBI before. This makes the present VLBI catalog the largest ever published. The positions of the target sources have been determined with the median uncertainty of 1.7 mas, and 15,542 images of 7171 sources have been generated. Unlike previous absolute radio astrometry campaigns, observations were made at 4.3 and 7.6 GHz simultaneously using a single wide-band receiver. Because of the fine spectral and time resolutions, the field of view was 4′–8′—much greater than the 10″–20″ in previous surveys. This made possible the use of input catalogs with low position accuracy and the detection of a compact component in extended sources. Unlike previous absolute astrometry campaigns, both steep- and flat-spectrum sources were observed. The observations were scheduled in the so-called filler mode to fill the gaps between other high-priority programs. This was achieved by the development of the totally automatic scheduling procedure.


Proceeding from the analysis of some short stories from Nizami Aruzi Samarkandi`s treatise "Four Discourses", the author of the article elicits the elements of Tajiks` material culture of the X-th – the XIII-th centures. They are grouped on the following branches of material culture according to their appurtenance: architectural monuments and dwellings, clothes, labour tools, home utensils, ammunition, jewellery and etc.The author presumes that in spite of Samarkandi`s data on the issue in question being quite scanty and fragmental, as elucidation of material culture is no central objective of his treatise, certain information related to this field is unique and doesn`t occur in any other originals. Just due to this fact the treatise can be considered as the most important source for studying various aspects of Tajiks` material culture.


Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals generated by the muscles of the lower jaw contain corresponding voice information when talking. However, it's very hard to collect sEMG signals from the jaw because of not only the weakness of the signals but also the sharp skin curvature of this area. This paper reports a super-flexible and high-sensitive epidermal sEMG electrode patch to measure sEMG signals of the jaw from which the voice information can be extracted for speech recognition. This epidermal sEMG patch can be effectively attached to the jaw and the interconnection wire in the form of double wave can stretch more than 100%. From the characteristic of envelopes of the signals, it shows good consistency when the tester speak the same word and obvious difference can be detected when the tester speak different words. Four-layer wavelet decomposition is used to reduce noise in sMEG records and the eigenvectors are extracted from wavelet coefficients to characterize each trial. The experimental result shows that the average accuracy of the three pronunciations is about 71.7%. The accuracy of "hello" reaches up to 91%. In the future his epidermal sEMG electrode patch has great potential for the application of silent speech recognition.


The diurnal variation of photosynthesis of Emmenopterys henryi young tree under natural conditions was studied.The results were as follows: In summer fine days,the curves of diurnal variation of net photosynthetic speed had two peaks,which showed an obvious decline of photosynthetic efficiency at noon.It was principally caused by non-stomatal limitation.The most excellent equation of the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic speed was attained by the method of stepwise multiple-regression as follows:A=-137.5217-0.0076Q+0.2148Ca+0.2294RH-3.7208Ta+5.0365Tl.The response tests of light and CO2 indicated that the light inhibition under strong light was the key cause for the decline of photosynthetic efficiency at noon.


Current society creates risks that affect the population unequally, and in the Brazilian municipality of Bayeux, located in Paraiba State, between 2001 and 2011. The disease incidence data were statistically analyzed and mapped through techniques of GIS and field trips using GPS. The results showed that the affected cases were found distributed in almost all parts of this urban area, and its most significant presence in the neighborhoods of Rio do Meio (32 cases - 15.2%), Centro (29 cases - 13.7%), Imaculada (28 cases - 13.3%) e Mario Andreazza (28 cases - 13.3%). The study of the spatial distribution of leprosy using GIS techniques proved to be effective and valuable to mapping of cases in the Bayeux and for for understanding the epidemiological and the ordination of actions in order to block the spread of the disease.


None of Sarah Barnhardt's many biographers has treated her American vaudeville tours as anything more than a footnote to a career remarkable in so many other ways. Examined more closely, Bernhardt's encounter with vaudeville suggests a not always tranquil marriage between high art and popular culture, and it serves as an index to the evolution of a distinctively American form.


A simple device for signalling the arrival of a deep cast on bottom has been developed and is now in routine use. The device is used either in line with corers or is suspended below as a pilot. When contact of either the ball-breaker or other apparatus is made with the bottom, a small glass sphere in the former is imploded and the resultant signal at the surface is amplified and reproduced over a loud speaker system. The device has been used successfully at depths to 2,700 fathoms. General. With the present-day trend toward deep water oceanography, many difficulties have arisen which were not encountered in shallow water operations. Among these difficulties is the problem of determining the exact time when a piece of oceanographic equipment reaches bottom. This is not serious in shallow water, since sensitive dynamometers have been constructed which indicate to the observer aboard ship the moment that the tension on the cable is relieved. However, in deep water the weight of the equipment is often only a small fraction of the total weight of cable and of variable loads imposed by the ship's roll; therefore, no conclusive effect upon tension can be observed when the apparatus encounters bottom. Obviously, the answer to this problem may be found by employing some device which is independent of both the ratio of equipment to cable weight and the depth of the water. To meet this need, an instrument was developed which imploded a small glass sphere when the apparatus hit bottom. The resulting implosion, picked up at the surface by a simple hydrophone, is amplified and reproduced audibly over a loudspeaker system. Development. The original method used to trip the mechanism and to break the glass sphere is shown schematically in Fig. 1. The apparatus is very simple; it merely employs a piston fitted with a sharp point which is allowed to fall when the equipment contacts the bot1 Contribution from The Scripps Institution of Oceanography, New Series, No. 565. This work represents results of research carried out for the Office of Naval Research and the Bureau of Ships under contracts with the University of California.


Field aligned electron (Ne) and ion densities and their variations as a function of geomagnetic storm activity are important parameters in the physics of the thermosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. Whistler mode (WM) radio sounding [Sonwalkar et al., JGR, 2011] from the IMAGE satellite during 24 Aug – 18 Sep 2005, covering 3 major, 3 moderate, and one minor storm, has permitted measurements of electron and ion densities (90–4000 km) as a function of geomagnetic storm activity. During this period, WM echoes were observed on dayside (MLT∼14, 1.7<L<3.5) and nightside (MLT∼3, 1.8<L<4.5). Here we present results from the analysis of WM echoes observed on dayside between 1.8<L<2.2. The analysis of echoes at other L-shell and nighttime is ongoing. From the analysis of WM echoes observed during quiet times nominal density models were built for Ne and relative ion concentrations (αH+, αHe+, αO+).


The Communication Department at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) turned to the Speech Communication Association (SCA) for guidance in responding to a mandate for ongoing outcome assessment issued by the Alaska State Regents for Higher Education. Faculty involved in the baccalaureate CORE Communication service courses at UAF turned to the Competent Speaker: Speech Evaluation Form (CSSE) for qualitative and quantitative data for evaluation of student presentations. A diverse student body includes a significant percentage of Native students and a high population of non-traditional and returning students. Even for some Communication professionals, the eight Public Speaking Competencies seem abstract and distant from their lived experience of student-speaking in the classroom. The competencies are clear, but abstract in regard to providing observable standards for use in the classroom. A significant consideration in turning the SCA Competencies into specific, observable behavior specifications is the matter of training. The faculty restructured the Competencies for local use and trained themselves, three rural adjuncts, and nine graduate teaching assistants responsible for teaching the basic course in how to use the restructured SCA materials. On a trial basis, students were trained in observation and rating of peer presentations. At this point of development, UAF faculty have gathered data on every presentation of every student in the basic course for 1996-97 academic year. Results indicated that student speaking competency increased incrementally over the semester. Ongoing development includes embedding "The Competent Group Communicator" in their public speaking/small group hybrid service course. (RS) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ********************************************************************************


For the thyristor with reduced voltage blocking-up capacity in the HVDC transmission project, optical microscope observation, adhesion analysis, morphology analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis and volume resistivity measurement were carried out. Compared with normal thyristor, the reason for the reduction of voltage blocking-up capacity was found out. The silicon rubber filler particles of the thyristor were precipitated, and more holes were formed, which indicated that the silicon rubber was aging and degraded. The volume resistivity of silicone rubber is reduced, which can not protect the thyristor chip. According to the research results, the follow-up operation and maintenance suggestions are put forward.


From the mental change in aesthetic activities, the writer analyses the promotion to mental health of university students and furthermore puts forward the thought of aesthetic education. It has positive significance for the mental health of the students.


This paper mainly studies the Coriolis flowmeter signal enhancement and frequency estimation method of deep learning and the calculation method of Coriolis flowmeter signal time difference based on discrete Fourier transform and sliding Goertezl algorithm. According to the characteristics of Coriolis flowmeter signal, a Coriolis flowmeter time-varying signal model based on random walk model is proposed. The proposal of the model and the research on its related signal processing methods. The signal enhancement and frequency estimation methods of the direct HR adapti ve spectral line enhancer are used, and the implementation of the algorithm under the time-invariant and time-varying signal models are respectively given.


Non-fractionated triglyceride compositions characterized by a high ratio of trans mono-unsaturated acid to saturated fatty acids, a high ratio of trans acid to cis acid, and containing from 40-55% saturated fatty acids. These triglycerides exhibit unique structural properties and have utility in the formulation of many fat-based food products such as shortening compositions.


Hypothesis / aims of study The Adjustable Continence Therapy (ACT) is a promising new therapy for the treatment of recurrent Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) after initial interventions have failed. Our objective was to assess whether there are pre-operative variables that could predict treatment success and the occurrence of complications following the implantation of the ACT system for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).


In the general framework of potential theory, we present a water wave model, which accounts for the energy dissipation due to bottom friction. The complete development of the final equations is reported for the significant cases of pure diffraction, diffraction-refraction and pure refraction, together with a comparison with related models. We report also some suggestions for the infinite element implementation.


Patients will often avoid seeking dental care until they are acutely unwell and may present to other medical providers of care, including GPs and Accident and Emergency departments. The number of patients seeing GPs for dental problems is increasing, with GPs seeing on average of between 30 and 48 patients with dental problems per year. Common dental presentations to primary care include pain, swelling, bleeding, dental injury, ulceration, and oral lesions. There are a number of clinical, ethical and legal considerations when triaging, managing and signposting such patients to appropriate care.


A transient focal neurologic deficit after epileptic event is a well‐known phenomenon. We report for the first time in English literature, three cases of transient urinary retention after seizures. The possible pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed.


Community Memorial Hospital of Ventura, California, is constructing a six-story replacement hospital building on a site with significant liquefaction potential induced by ground motions in the event of a design earthquake with peak ground acceleration of 0.6g. The historic high groundwater level at the site was relatively shallow and geotechnical information indicated that the fine-grain soils below the groundwater level at a depth of 5.2 m to as deep as 24 m could liquefy and result in settlement up to 27 cm. Various deep foundation alternatives were considered and several ground improvement methods. In consideration of the effectiveness of controlling the development of excess pore pressures and limiting the ground settlements, deep-soil mixing was selected as the preferred method of ground improvement. The use of deep-soil mixing of the potentially liquefiable soils allowed the hospital building to be supported on conventional shallow spread footings with acceptable total and differential settlements after the maximum considered earthquake. An Alternate Method of Compliance was required by state building officials to provide justification for use of deep-soil mixing, construction procedures, and measures for quality control and quality assurance. The Alternate Method of Compliance was approved by the regulatory agency, and deep-soil mixing of the site has been completed and the hospital structure is currently being constructed.


Norman Rockwell's paintings epitomise liberal, middle-class American society from the time of the First World War. He was born in New York in February 1894 and died in Stockbridge, Maine in November 1978. He studied at the Chase School of Fine and Applied Art, the National Academy of Art, and the Art Students League in New York. Subsequently he studied in Paris for a time. Though an admirer of Picasso and many other modernists, he remained a realist American genre painter in a style similar to Winslow Homer (1836-1910) and Thomas Eakins (1844-1916).


To assess sources and magnitude of possible groundwater contamination, chemical markers have proved to be useful. A chemical that is used in everyday life, the artificial sweetener acesulfame, may be ideally suited for detection of traces of domestic wastewater in natural waters. The compound was found ubiquitously in wastewater, surface waters, and groundwater from Switzerland. Acesulfame was not eliminated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and was quite persistent in lakes, where concentrations increased with population in the catchment area and decreased with water throughflow. Highest concentrations in groundwater were observed in areas with significant infiltration of river water, where the infiltrating water received considerable discharges from WWTPs. Given the currently achieved detection limit of approx. 0.01 μg/L, the presence of >0.05% wastewater can be traced in groundwater.


. Abstract: This work examines the feminization of migration, adopting a recent qualitative study perspective which analyses migrant women's active role and agency. The purpose of this study is to highlight the interconnection between the structural process of reorganisation of the global labour market and those individual and collective factors which exert influence on choices, strategies, and practices of migrant women, also given the consequences of migration in terms of gender dynamics. The specific context of Chile will be examined, starting from the reconstruction of the modalities with which women actualize their migrant plan, the domestic and intergenerational consequences of their reproductive and productive role, as well as the the incidence that gender, country of origin, and phenotypical and racial characteristics have on the dynamics of production and the reproduction of inequalities.


The concept of knowledge potential of agents which serves as a characteristic of a certain amount of knowledge of any individual accumulated over a certain period of life is presented in the paper. The original model approach to information processes of knowledge potential dissemination based on physical analogies, namely the phenomenon of diffusion, is proposed. The redistribution process of two-component knowledge potential is described and the results of numerical experiments are given. The diffusion-like models of knowledge potential distribution in the social and communicative educational environment of the city are built. In particular, the attention is focused on the description (modeling) of knowledge potential redistribution processes within a given social and communicative community (clique), with well-established external and internal relationship between the members (agents) of educational and training processes. Solutions to the modeling problem of interaction (interference) between the knowledge potential components of different agents within a given clique are proposed, a multi-vector of knowledge potential is considered and the results of numerical experiments are given.


Non-line-of-sight (NLoS) wireless systems that can operate over short ranges at high data rates are becoming an essential feature of modern communications networks. The 60GHz based IEEE 802.11ad standard offers advantages of compact, high gain, antenna designs coupled with inherently high bandwidth capabilities. Such design lend themselves to incorporation into highly directional arrays capable of beam steering and beam forming that are capable of negating the harsh multi-path rich environments in which they operate. Even so, these highly complex designs can become challenged when confronted with simultaneous multi user demands. Here we describe a slotted antenna array design that operates over the IEEE 802.11.ad frequency range of 57GHz to 64GHz with a gain over this bandwidth varying from 10.98dBi to 16.8dBi. This device exhibits a quasi-discoidal radiation pattern that is therefore ideal for NLoS multi user applications.


Coping with complex chronic illness is hard work. Current ideas about self care, self empowerment, and self actualisation can increase the work expected from sick people, especially when combined with new technologies and treatment modalities for use at home. The burden of treatment theory conceptualises the effect of such demands on patients and their support networks. Everyone who looks after chronically ill people should read an excellent account of it in BMC Health Services Research (2014;14:281, doi:10.1186/1472-6963-14-281), which has Carl May and Victor Montori among the authors. Women who are being treated for high blood pressure are at higher risk of developing psoriasis, according to an analysis of 77 728USwomen from the Nurses' Health Study, who provided biennially updated data on hypertension and antihypertensive drugs (JAMA Dermatology 2014, doi:10.1001/jamadermatol. 2013.9957). People with psoriasis have long been known to be at higher risk of developing hypertension, but this is the first study to show that the association works both ways. The only antihypertensives that seem to carry a higher overall risk are the β adrenergic blockers. Perhaps the strongest reason why the complete databases of all clinical trials should be available for reanalysis is the very poor and inconsistent reporting of adverse effects in the literature. A new study inBMJOpen (2014;4:e005535, doi:10.1136/bmjopen2014-005535) looked at serious adverse effect data in journal articles and in Clinicalstudyresults.org, which is sponsored by Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America and clinicaltrials.gov, and administered by the USNational Institutes of Health. It found astonishing levels of discrepancy and under-reporting in and between these standard sources of drug trial information. Now that statins have been recommended for much wider use in primary prevention, what groups of people are least likely to keep taking them? If the people of Finland are typical, those least likely to remain adherent are people who drink heavily and those with three to four lifestyle risks, such as smoking, low activity, and obesity (CMAJ 2014, doi:10.1503/cmaj. 131807). The non-adherence rate in people without cardiovascular disease was 41%, whereas in those with established disease it was 49%, showing that those at greatest risk are often the least likely to take their statins. An observational study of lithium use in Denmark (British Journal of Psychiatry 2014, doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.142802) shows that if you are confident that a patient has a manic or bipolar disorder at first contact, the response will probably be better if you prescribe the drug right away. However, nobody has yet done a prospective randomised trial of early versus delayed lithium treatment. Compared with their mothers, the young women of Queensland are drinking more alcohol, according to a long term follow-up study of 1053 women recruited when pregnant between 1981 and 1983 (JAMA Psychiatry 2014, doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry. 2014.513). The daughters' alcohol intake was assessed when they reached the same age (18-25 years) that their mothers had been when they were enrolled. The number of young women who consume more than 30 units of alcohol a month has risen dramatically, which causes the authors concern. Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a dangerous phenomenon, as shown in a case series described by Swedish anaesthetists (British Journal of Anaesthesia 2014, doi:10.1093/ bja/aeu226). They looked specifically at patients undergoing cemented hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture and found that the degree of hypotension, arterial desaturation, or loss of consciousness around cementation was strongly associated with mortality. The syndrome is most common in patients with impaired cardiac and pulmonary function, and severe BCIS was associated with a 16-fold increase in mortality. This football World Cup year, television viewers risked switching their sets on to find the programme they were hoping to view replaced by a discussion of hamstring injuries. "They'll be doing a scan on his leg tomorrow and then we might know whether he'll be fit for that vital match next week." Oh no we won't: a study in the British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014, doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093737) shows that magnetic resonance imaging of hamstring injuries has little predictive value for recurrence compared with clinical examination after return to play. Go walking, eat a Mediterranean diet, and enrich your mind continually. If you live like Plato, Marcus Aurelius, or Dante, you will probably avoid Alzheimer's disease. The effect of lifetime intellectual enrichment on the risk of Alzheimer's disease was studied in the propitious location of Olmsted County, Minnesota (JAMA Neurology 2014, doi:10.1001/ jamaneurol.2014.963). The investigators found that the longer you spent cramming your mind, the later you tended to get dementia. "Lifetime intellectual enrichment might delay the onset of cognitive impairment and be used as a successful preventive intervention to reduce the impending dementia epidemic." Minerva is not quite sure what they have in mind, but reading this column must be part of it.


The invention provides a backlight module. The backlight module includes a frame, a first reflector plate and a second reflector plate. The frame has an opening. The first reflector plate is disposed on the frame and covers the opening completely. The second reflector plate is disposed under the reflector plate. Thus, the weight of the backlight module can be reduced and the light emitting luminance of the back module can be improved.


The arc temperature profile in an interrupter, which determines the extinguishing characteristic of an SF6 circuit breaker (CB), is of interest to designers and developers. In this investigation, optical fibres and spectrograph were employed to measure the arc temperature profiles in a 252 kV SF6 CB during short current interrupting. The temperature profiles of the upstream, throat, and downstream of the nozzle have been measured. The optical fibres can transfer the arc light from the measuring points in the nozzle to the spectrograph. Moreover, the spectral line intensities of copper (Cu) 510.5, Cu 515.3, and Cu 521.8 nm were obtained by the spectrograph. The condition in CB can be treated as a local thermal equilibrium system, and the temperature profiles can be calculated by two-line method and Abel inverse method. The arc temperature profiles of the interrupter under 15–50 kA root mean square current have been analysed through the method established in this investigation.


Liver transplantation for advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been associated with high tumor recurrence rates, and poor long-term survival.1,2 Cancer chemotherapy for HCC using standard drugs administered intravenously has also been associated with poor survival and negligible response rates.3 However, several recent reports have indicated reproducible response rates involving greater than 50% of patients when various anticancer agents have been administered via the hepatic artery for the treatment of HCC.4,5 We therefore investigated the feasibility of combining both treatment modalities, to determine whether chemotherapy-induced tumor cell destruction prior to surgical manipulation might decrease post-orthotopic liver transplantation (post-OLTx) tumor recurrences and thus enhance survival.


An examination of French commercial correspondence with a view to establishing the linguistic features that characterize this register or style of French. The computer production of word-frequency counts and of a concordance of lexically significant words has been completed. The word-frequency counts (based on orthographic words) have been converted into a frequency list of lemmata (e.g. infinitive for verbs; masculine singular form for adjectives). Date begun: 1966-7.


Objective: In this study; we evaluated the effects of possible risk factors according to the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing in preterm infants and physiologic anemia of prematurity on brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) measurement variables. Methods: For this aim, twenty-nine term newborn infants underwent the BAER recording session between 48 hours to 7 days of age. In 29 preterm infants, BAER was performed at a mean postconceptional (gestational age + age after birth) age of 39.4 ± 0.8 weeks (38-42 weeks). Type of delivery, birth weight 0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that the effect of anemia of prematurity on BAER parameters should be studied in a larger group of infants.


Though considerable professional discussion has focused on the integration of K–16 curricula, the level of oral proficiency with which students enter college and how that the entry level relates to college programs remains untested. The entry landscape is varied, complexified by the diverse curricula that students experience, in particular within Advanced Placement (AP) programs. The present study probes the oral proficiency levels of 2071 Spanish learners and 712 French learners. The data indicate a significant difference between the oral proficiency levels of students entering college with and without an AP score, but suggest that the difference is only one sublevel higher on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages' oral proficiency scale, from intermediate mid to intermediate high on average. The paper discusses the implications of these levels, questioning whether they meet the values of the profession, whether students with these levels are prepared for study in literature programs, and whether an investment in AP programs is prudent.


Advances in rendering hardware and software over the last decade have led to a steady increase in the popularity of computer-generated animations. This is especially apparent in the entertainment industry as synthetic animations are being used in films, CD-ROMs and video games. The scientific community also makes heavy use of synthetic animations in visualizing data sets. A problem with synthetic animations is that, like video sequences, they contain a large amount of data. In order to store long sequences or send them across a network, the data must be compressed. One approach to performing motion-compensated compression on synthetic animations is to treat them as video sequences and use standard image-based compression algorithms such as MPEG. Alternatively, we can take advantage of information used in rendering the animation to guide the motion estimation algorithm and hence perform better compression. Such information includes the 3D world space movements of the objects in the scene and the projection transformations from world space into screen space. We examine how to use this motion information to perform fast, accurate block-based motion-estimation and design a closed loop compression system like MPEG.


Rehabilitation stands between acute care and long-term care. As such, it is difficult to define and harder still to measure. Put simply, it is a process, an attitude of mind, a philosophy; something that patients need but acute hospitals would rather do without. This paper discusses the problems of measuring and forecasting rehabilitative activity before explaining how behavioural models of flow demonstrate the interaction between acute, rehabilitative and long-stay care. Managers, directors of social service departments, and clinicians need scientifically valid methods that enable them to measure performance and to optimize decision-making. Inherent flaws in the current methods used to measure hospital activity must be overcome if rehabilitation is to occupy its rightful place in health care management.


In this paper, a neural network PCA method that integrates neural networks (NN) and principal component analysis (PCA) is used to detect faults in a wastewater treatment plant. The neural networks are used to calculate a non-linear and dynamic model of the process in normal operating conditions. PCA is used to generate monitoring charts based on the residuals calculated as the difference between the process measurements and the output of the networks. It can evaluate the current performance of the process and detects the faults. This technique has been applied to the simulation of a benchmark of a biological wastewater treatment process, a highly non-linear process. The simulation results clearly show the advantages of using this NNPCA monitoring in comparison with classical PCA monitoring.


ABSTRACT This commentary explores the role, psychological significance, and potential value of a restraining order that is used to extricate students from highly enmeshed and destructive relationships. The commentary places strong emphasis upon the need to evaluate an unmanageable student's behavior in the context of the college's code of student conduct (to determine whether codes have been violated) and legal statutes (to determine whether laws have been violated). It is also suggested that the most direct and efficacious means for helping students who wish to extricate themselves from a highly abusive relationship with another student is to establish whether the perpetrators' behavior is either illegal or in violation of the behavior codes and, if so, to assist the victim in enlisting the help of the college administration or a law enforcement agency to impose a disciplinary sanction or restraining order upon them.


In the past two decades, COMSOL Multiphysics Software Package have emerged as a powerful tool for simulation, particularly in Nanotechnology and most importantly in biomedical application and various application involving fluid and solid interactions. Compared with conventional component or system design, distinctive advantages of using COMSOL software for design include easy assessing to the significant parameters in various levels of design, higher throughput, process monitoring with lower cost and less time consuming [1,. This review aims to summarize the recent advancements in various approaches in major types of micro fluidic systems simulations, design application of various COMSOL models especially in biomedical applications. The state-of-the-art of past and current approaches of fluid manipulation as well as solid structure design fabrication was also elaborated. Future trends of using COMSOL in nanotechnology, especially in biomedical engineering perspective.


Current understanding of the effects of various A-site cations on the photophysical properties of halide perovskites (APbI3) is limited by the compositional tunability. Here we report the synthesis...


7522 Background: Vandetanib (V) is an inhibitor of vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factor receptors. This trial sought to determine whether maintenance V, given after standard chemotherapy (CT) and radiation (RT), prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in responding patients with SCLC. Secondary endpoints: overall survival (OS) and toxicity. Methods: Phase II randomized, study of V 300 mg PO daily or placebo (P). Eligibility: complete (CR) or partial response (PR) to platinum-based CT, ECOG PS 0–2 and completion of RT (thoracic or prophylactic cranial). Statistics: 80% power to detect a 2.5 months improvement in median PFS (estimate for P of 4 months) using a 1-sided 10% level test (100 eligible patients; 77 events). Results: Between May 2003 and March 2006, 107 patients were accrued from 17 centres. Median follow up: 13.5 months. 46 had limited disease (LD); 61 extensive disease (ED). There were fewer PS 0 patients (11 vs. 20), and fewer had CR to initial CT (4 vs. 8) in the V arm. V patient...


Abstract There are few methods of ceramic analysis in accumulations research that can help distinguish discrete depositional areas and evaluate previous interpretations of activity organization at archaeological sites. This paper introduces a quantitative method of ceramic analysis that evaluates whether the fragmentation and functional variation of ceramic objects distinguish depositional areas resulting from different accumulation activities at early farming sites. Applied to the analysis of ceramics from the 9th–10th century A.D. site of Ndondondwane in South Africa, this study tests previous functional interpretations of the site and provides more detailed and dynamic ones for the activities contributing to the development of spatially and temporally discrete archaeological deposits during the main occupation of the settlement. This approach to the study of ceramic discard at Ndondondwane illustrates both a method as well as important caveats based on site formation and accumulations research that must be considered in attempts to interpret variation in the spatial organization of activities in past farming settlements in tropical Africa.


Silver-Teflon (Ag/FEP) is planned to be used as the thermal control material covering the radiator surfaces on the shuttle orbiter payload bay doors. These radiators require the use of materials that have a very low solar absorptance and a high emittance for heat rejection. However, operationally, materials used on these critical radiator surfaces, such as silver-Teflon, will be exposed to a variety of conditions which include both the natural as well as the induced environments from the Shuttle Orbiter. A complete test facility was assembled, and detailed test procedures and a test matrix were developed. Measurements of low solar absorptance were taken before and after contamination, at intervals during irradiation, and after sample cleaning to fulfill all the requirements.


This review considers some of the many reasons why researchers and policy makers are increasingly concerned about breastfeeding (BF). It discusses the contraceptive effect and health benefits of BF, and review major BF trends and patterns in selected countries and areas of Asia. It also discusses the complementarity between BF and contraceptive use, and highlights the findings of the studies contained in this special issue of the "Journal." In populations without access to modern contraception, birth intervals (BIs) are determined by the length of BF. The contraceptive effect of BF has been well documented. BF plays an important role in child nutrition and health in 3rd world countries. There are lower incidence of infant morbidity in Asia. Maternal antibodies in breast milk protect the infant from gastrointestinal illness and respiratory infections. Breastfeeding is very economical. The risk of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from the infected mother to the child in the breast milk is a new contraindication to BF. However, BF is not as effective as a contraceptive after 6 months. Modern methods of postpartum contraception must be used. Introduction of contraceptive pills in some setting may be done too early. Family planning programs can help women use BF as a contraceptive method. BF should be seen as a "lactational amenorrhea method" in the "cafeteria" of FP methods. Users of the lactational amenorrhea method need to be represented in service statistics. FP surveys should find out if BR is used for fertility regulation. The other articles in the journal are summarized.


After an investigation on the changes of Yunnan industrial structure since 1949, the author gives an analysis to the present situation and the development of Yunnan industrial structure, and then points out a possible development of Yunnan industrial structure in the future 25 years.


The use of forced vibration tests for the dynamic acceptance of machine tools enables the chatter performance to be assessed for a wide range of cutting conditions, from a single test set-up, this corresponding to a particular configuration of the machine. However, to cover the expected working range of the machine, other test configurations must be considered, for example relative positions of the table and spindle, etc. The factors to be considered in the selection of these test conditions are discussed in relation to test results for various types of machine tools.


As textile industrial and glass paper-making materials, dissolving pulps are scarce in China and a great deal of dissolving pulps are imported in the recent years. Currently different fiber materials are tried to produce dissolving pulp in China. In this research work the hydrolysis parameters of the fast-growing poplar based dissolving pulp producing were investigated .And the chemical composition of pulp after hydrolysis were also analyzed, the experimental results showed that the optimal hydrolysis conditions were acid dosage in the range from 0.015% to 0.035%, wood-to-liquor ratio 1:6.5, and the temperature 130 °C. The pentosan content of the pulp after hydrolysis in this hydrolysis conditions was in range of 0.62%-23.16%, which decreased by 23.01%. And the cellulose content slightly changed.


In the title compound, C2H5N2 +·BF4 −, the cations and anions are connected via intermolecular N—H⋯F and C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.


An active gas surge protection gap (SPG) and its energy coupling trigger circuit were designed in this study. In the lightning voltage impulse test, the active SPG had better protection characteristics than the passive SPG. To investigate the influence of the trigger circuit on the protection characteristics, the transient voltage and current characteristics of each electrical component in the active coupling trigger circuit were discussed. The equivalent model of the active trigger circuit was established, and the correlation between the active SPG protection characteristics and the active trigger circuit parameters was derived. According to the relationship, the theoretical breakdown characteristics of the active SPGs can be obtained by MATLAB. The deviation between simulated results and experimental data was no more than 11%. Based on the simulation, the design principles of the active energy coupling triggering circuit were proposed, laying the foundation for the theoretical research and engineering application of active SPGs.


The present invention relates to a useful hepta-methine cyanine-based compound and a method of manufacturing a near infrared absorbing blue dye, and more particularly aldehyde-bis (1-formyl-3-methylene bicyclo dihydro-hexyne) and the center, on either side of the indole derivatives or benzo thiazole by condensation of a derivative according to hepta methine cyanine compound and its preparation method represented by the following formula (1) the symmetrical structure of available blue light as a medium for the pigment and a high-density optical recording for a near infrared absorption as a material of a new structure is substituted by a specific substituent will be. In Formula Near infrared absorption, hepta-methine cyanine compound


A pre-stressed lattice frame is an effective structure of reinforced slope. The purpose of this paper is concerned chiefly with the study of the internal force distribution and calculation methods of the pre-stressed anchor lattice frames, and analyzed calculation methods advantages and disadvantages. It is concluded that the design and calculation of the lattice frames should consider the common deformation of the beam and the soil. It can make result especially approaching the force condition of the lattice frames.


.............................................................................. 26 Introduction........................................................................... 26 Materials and Methods.............................................................. 27 Results................................................................................. 28 Discussion............................................................................ 40 V. MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN OPOSSUM (Didelphis virginiana).............................................. 44 Abstract............................................................................... 44 Introduction........................................................................... 44 Materials and Methods.............................................................. 45 Results................................................................................. 46 Discussion............................................................................. 58 VI. ANATOMY OF STRUCTURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT OF THE GRAY SHORT-TAILED OPOSSUM (Monodelphis domestica)...................... 62 Abstract............................................................................... 62 Introduction........................................................................... 62 Materials and Methods............................................................... 63


Adrenocortical carcinomas are rare tumors with varied presentation. In this case report we present a 64-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled hypertension who subsequently developed Cushingoid features, hirsutism, hypokalemia, hypercortisolemia, increased serum testosterone levels, and diabetes mellitus. At time of diagnosis, she was found to have a metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. Survival with adrenocortical carcinoma is poor and considerable uncertainty remains as to the optimal approach for treatment when this tumor type is either still confined to the adrenal gland or when it becomes metastatic.


In this paper,based on the general overview in the development of AIDS,the pathogenesis,and prevention countermeasures,the anti-AIDS herbs and their active ingredients found in recent years through a variety of screening means are briefly summarized.Particularly,for the relative weak,difficult,but promising research fields,such as tannins,polysaccharides,and protein,their structural characteristics and possible mechanism of the action are more in-depth analyzed.Scientific analysis of awareness for AIDS and treatment principles by traditional Chinese medicines have been carried out.The theory of multi-target and the new cocktail principles and strategies for the treatment of AIDS are discussed in detail.Finally,the ways of defeating AIDS are prospectively proposed.


Irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) continues to be a significant materials issue for the light water reactor industry and may also pose a problem for fusion power devices that employ water cooling. Although a number of potential mechanisms have been proposed to participate in this phenomenon, at this time it is not clear that any of these candidate mechanisms are sufficient to rationalize the observed failures. A new mechanism is proposed in this paper that involves the radiation-induced release into solution of elements not usually thought to participate in IASCC. It is shown in this paper that MnS precipitates, which contain most of the sulphur in stainless steels, are probably unstable under irradiation. First, the Mn transmutes very strongly to Fe in highly thermalized neutron spectra. Second, the combination of cascade-induced disordering and the inverse-Kirkendall effect operating at the incoherent interfaces of MnS precipitates will probably act as a pump to export Mn from the precipitate surface into the alloy matrix. Both of these processes will most likely allow some of the sulphur to re-enter the alloy matrix. Sulphur is known to exert a deleterious influence on grain boundary cracking. MnS precipitates are also thought to be a reservoirmore » of other deleterious impurities such as fluorine which could be also released due to radiation-induced instability of the precipitates. This possibility has been confirmed by Auger electron spectroscopy of Types 304, 316, and 348 stainless steel specimens sectioned from several BWR components irradiated up to 3.5x10{sup 21} n/cm{sup 2} (E > 1 MeV).« less


When drilling or exploiting fractured formations, gas fluid displacement and invasion often occur, and gas invasion is very subtle and difficult to find. The gas in the fracture enters the wellbore and arrives near the wellhead with the drilling fluid. Improper treatment may lead to serious accidents such as lost circulation and blowout. In this study, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software for modeling and grid generation, based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method, the gas invasion behavior under different conditions was simulated to explore the flow process and characteristics of gas invasion, and the effects of different drilling fluid properties and fracture morphology on gas invasion were analyzed. The experimental results show that the drilling fluid enters the fracture to compress the gas, making the pressure in the fracture greater than that in the wellbore, thus leading to the occurrence of gas invasion. The viscosity and density of the drilling fluid have different effects on the gas invasion process. The higher the viscosity, the smaller the possibility of gas invasion. However, when the viscosity of the drilling fluid gradually increases from 10–50 MPa·s, the change of gas invasion rate is small, all within 1.0–1.2 m/s. The higher the density, the more conducive to the occurrence of gas invasion. The inlet pressure has no obvious effect on the occurrence of gas invasion, and the occurrence time of the gas invasion fluctuates in 0.35 s at 0.5–2.5 MPa. With the increase in the fracture width and length, the possibility of gas invasion decreases, but there is an extreme value for the fracture height. The time of gas invasion does not change beyond this extreme value. When the fracture height is 100–700 mm, the time of gas invasion increases with the increase in the height; when the height is 700–900 mm, the gas invasion time does not change. These results provide a practical and effective method for enhancing oil recovery, preventing and treating gas invasion in gas–liquid flooding.


This paper makes analysis on and comparison of workman's wages payable in the new and old accounting principles from the connotation, confirmation and computation of workman's wages.


According to one aspect of the invention includes an arrangement for preventing fluid flow between the turbine components, an intermediate layer and a first wire mesh layer, connected to a first side of the intermediate layer first surface and a first surface includes opposite second surface of the woven wire layer. The arrangement also includes means connected to the second surface of the woven wire layer, first outer layer, the first outer layer contains a non-metallic high-temperature material.


PURPOSE
Health care organizations and hospitals in particular are highly resistant to change. The reasons for this are rooted in professional role behaviors, hierarchical structures and the influence of hidden curricula that inform organizational culture. Action research (AR) has been identified as a promising bottom-up approach that has the potential to address the significant barriers to change. However, to date no systematic review of the field in health care exists. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH
A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Studies were reviewed with regard to the four stages of AR; problem identification, planning, implementation and evaluation.

FINDINGS
Only 19 studies were identified that fit the inclusion criteria. Results revealed significant heterogeneity with regard to theoretical background, methodology employed and evaluation methods used.

RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS
Only studies published and written in the English language were included.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
The field of AR interventions would benefit from a theoretical framework that has the ability to guide the methodology and evaluation processes.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE
This is the first systematic review of AR in hospitals.


A palliative care charity has developed a new approach to end of life care based on the Human Rights Act (HRA).


High performance surface-enhanced Raman scattering from dummy molecular imprinting onto silver microspheres Shaona Chen,a Xin Li,*ba Yuanyuan Zhao,c Limin Chang*c and Jingyao Qid a Department of Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China. b State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China. Email: email@example.com c Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping,136000, PR China. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com d School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.


An exact solution of nuclear spherical mean-field plus a special orbit-dependent separable pairing model is studied, of which the separable pairing interaction parameters are obtained by a linear fitting in terms of the single-particle energies considered. The advantage of the model is that, similar to the standard pairing case, it can be solved easily by using the extended Heine-Stieltjes polynomial approach. With the analysis of the model in the ds - and pf -shell subspace , it is shown that this special separable pairing model indeed provides similar pair structures of the model with the original separable pairing interaction, and is obviously better than the standard pairing model in many aspects.


This article is prepared so that we would be relieved from the sight Later Han & Liu-chao(六朝)after the period of the Three Slates are discontinuous and understand the two periods to be continuous and consider how the autonomous and independent aspect of Shi-da-fu(士大夫) was built and developed in the inside. Later Han was the time when the discussion about disaster was more popular than any other period. So I analyzed Wu-xing-zhi of Hou-han-shu(『後漢書』, 「五行志」) to confirm the political consciousness of Shi-da-fu(士大夫) in Later Han. According to the result of analyzing Wu-xing-zhi of Hou-han-shu(『後漢書』, 「五行志」, I could see that Shi-da-fu(士大夫) at that time were against the political participation of the Empress Dowager and maternal relatives but regarded Fu-zheng(輔政)'s power as reasonable. That is because Shi-da-fu(士大夫) at that time were recognizing Fu-zheng(輔政) as an institutional system. But successive Fu-zheng(輔政) also became the object of criticism by Shi-da-fu(士大夫) because they managed elections improperly. Shi-da-fu(士大夫) in Later Han regarded a selection of talented people as the most important duty of a power holder. But Fu-zheng(輔政) neglected their duty of distinguished ability; moreover, they restricted the autonomous voting rights of regional officials by soliciting and limited the normal way of Shi-da-fu(士大夫) for going into government service. That caused Shi-da-fu(士大夫) to criticize Fe-zheng(輔政), As for Shi-da-fu(士大夫) in Later Han, the election was the only path to realize their existence as well as the way to maintain and reproduce their own independent world. So a group of Shi-da-fu(士大夫) in the end of Later Han understood the situation in which the essence of an election was damaged and elections were monopolized by specified people as the state of Bai-su-shang-feng(敗俗傷風). Then they insisted the need of Yi-feng-yi-su(移風易俗). According to the opinion of those Shi-da-fu(士大夫), all the problems of society were caused by improperness of elections, So the only solution they thought was to make elections function properly, that is, to make name and reality rightly accorded, like selecting the appropriate person for a position. Shi-da-fu(士大夫) in the course of making the independent world with the political consciousness and responsibility were confronted with another situation of election monopoly by eunuch in the end of Later Han in addition to Fu-zheng(輔政)'s. Contrary to Fu-zheng(輔政), eunuch, who didn't have any window to select the talented people mainly, chose their own children or guests, Shi-da-fu(士大夫) whose right was infringed couldn't help reacting severely. But the objection to eunuch means anti-power of the emperor at the point that the power exercise of eunuch is extension of the emperor power, Their severe reaction expressed their will that no matter how strong the emperor's power was, it couldn't destroy the society of Shi-da-fu(士大夫) arbitrarily. After all, Yi-feng-yi-su(移風易俗) Shi-da-fu(士大夫) mentioned means the removal of social morals destroying the autonomous order of themselves. In relation to the autonomy of Shi-da-fu(士大夫), another remarkable opinion in this period was the reinstatement of San-gong(三公), Shi-da-fu(士大夫) regarded the situation In which someone infringes the right of themselves like the appearance of the powerful courtier, the phenomenon an election was monopolized by maternal relative and eunuch as the result of the power loss of San-gong(三公). So they thought the power of San-gong(三公) had to be recovered to solve the successive problems. In conclusion, that indicates their intension that they would have the arbitrary exercise of the emperor power impossible organizationally. Then the political ideal of Shi-da-fu(士大夫) in Later Han would be that they made the structure whoever including the emperor couldn't exercise the power arbitrarily and administrated the whole country in the inside.


AbstractA microwave imaging (MI) device working at 3 GHz has been used to record temperature images of early breast tumours. 25 patients were investigated prior to surgery. For every patient, the excised tissue was examined histologically. 22 of these patients were found to have only benign lesions using both MI and histology. Histology and MI found a malignant tumour for 3 patients. In all the 25 selected patients we were unable to determine the nature of the tumours by clinical examination, X-ray mammography and cytology. The results of the microwave imaging obtained in this study are therefore encouraging in the detection of cancer


Basing upon the review of legal norms of the criminal process, criminal and tax legislation, and the judicial practice, the article studies the issues of preliminary investigation of the criminal tax cases involving compulsory medical measures in the course of the proceedings. Special attention is paid to the controversial issues regarding the termination of a criminal case for absence of elements of crime. The authors come to the conclusion that the fundamental legal acts, covering the issue of the status of certain categories of citizens, including those suffering from mental diseases, are aimed to protect the rights of the latter.


Based on the design concept of 'strong horizontal joint and weak vertical joint', an energy‐dissipating fabricated shear wall structure system with a steel damper is proposed. The wall limbs were connected using the damper to realize the rapid assembly and improve the seismic performance of the fabricated shear wall structure. Four fabricated shear wall specimens and one cast‐in‐place comparison specimen were prepared, and a low‐cycle repeated load test was carried out under an axial compression ratio of 0.1. Results show that the fabricated shear wall structure features slightly reduced bearing capacity but obviously improved ductility, and the energy dissipation of the damper improves the seismic performance of the structure. The damper can dissipate energy rapidly, reduce the damage degree of the wall limbs and work stably, suggesting its good performance as a connector.


X-ray transmission measurements of liquid sodium-caesium alloys demonstrate that the zero-wavevector limit of the structure factor, a(O), exhibits a distinct peak when plotted as a function of concentration. The concentration dependence of a(O) is in satisfactory agreement with theoretical results by Bhatia and March (1975).


This paper aims at investigating some phonological aspects of syllable structure in Rumthawi Arabic, a Levantine variety spoken in the northern region of Jordan. It basically sheds light on the OT constraint interaction that determines the surfacing onsets and codas of syllables in this dialect. The scope of this paper is more specifically confined to examining the optimal candidates that surface when the definite article morpheme is prefixed. It thus proves that OT constraints in RA interact in an interestingly distinctive way that triggers divergence and sometimes convergence with other dialects due to the parametrical ranking of these constraints in this dialect unlike some other dialects. It is hoped that this humble endeavor will give insight to many interested researchers to deeply investigate various phonological aspects of this dialect. Keywords : optimality, syllable structure, onset, coda, epenthesis, constraints, faithfulness, markedness


Abstract The author places newspaper decision‐making models within a timing framework, using the infamous New York Times‐Jayson Blair‐plagiarism case to illustrate how the U.S. newspaper industry can feasibly and sincerely engineer the change in newspaper culture suggested by an earlier industry‐commissioned study. Using arguments from timing theory, the author illustrates how the framework generates timing‐related questions about management style that would not normally get asked. Ultimately, the argument challenges newspaper managers to re‐consider the essence of the managerial concept of control and, eventually, their own managerial style and culture. Cultural transformation, the author argues, does, indeed, start at the top but with management acknowledging that it has much to learn and that popular culture‐enhancing management tools must be used only when managers consider the timing‐induced paradoxes inherent in decision‐making, where the "when"; becomes just as important as the "what.";


THill following Is a list of research projects being undertaken In various Institutions In the field of medicine and the allied sciences. The list Is Incomplete, but comprises such Information as we have been able to gather fairly readily. It Is hoped to publish a list of this kind each year for general Information, and we shall welcome the cooperation of grantmaking bodies In making future lists as comprehensive as possible. We are grateful to those who have supplied the Information In the present list, and to Dr. T. E. Lowe, who suggested the Idea In the first place.


The effect of pressure on the cyclodextrin (CyD)-catalysed regiospecific P–O cleavage of nucleotide 2′:3′-cyclic monophosphates (cNMP) was investigated. In all cases hydrolytic reactions in the absence and the presence of CyD were accelerated by increasing pressure, indicating negative activation volume. The apparent regiospecificity seen in the cAMP–β-CyD and cCMP–α-CyD combinations, however, became less prominent at higher pressure. The apparent activation volumes of P–O(3′) cleavage of cAMP in the presence of β-CyD (6 cm3 mol–1) was almost half that in the other cases. The CyD concentration dependence of the ratio of the apparent rate constants of P–O(2′) and P–O(3′) cleavages was studied and the activation volumes for kc2 and kc3 for cAMP–β-CyD were calculated as –9.7 and –14.5 cm3 mol–1, respectively. The apparent decrease in the regiospecificity seen in the reaction cAMP +β-CyD is, therefore, responsible for the positive volume change of the complex formed from cAMP and β-CyD (∼5cm3mol–1).The difference in the activation volumes of the P–O(2′) and P–O(3′) cleavages of cCMP by α-CyD was also found to be ca. 4.4 cm3 mol–1; in this case the high pressure made the reaction less regiospecific.


INTRODUCTION On 16 September 2011 the President of the United States, Barack Obama, signed into law the America Invents Act, the most significant piece of federal intellectual property legislation to be passed in that country since 1952. The America Invents Act (AIA) is based on six years of preparatory work by the US Congress, the Administration and various stakeholders culminating with the reform of one of the oldest and most successful patent systems in the world. The legislation was introduced by Senator Patrick Leahy on 25 January 2011 and has received overwhelming support ever since. The strategic reforms contained in the AIA will shape the future of American intellectual property law in the decades to come. This legislation means that the US has finally given way to international pressure to abandon its traditional 'first to invent' system which is deeply rooted in its Constitution, in favour of the 'first to file' arrangements of every other country which subscribes to the Paris Convention, including the UK, for whom this is an important change. The changes will apply to patent applications filed in the US on or after 16 March 2013. A positive impact of the new approach finally being adopted by the US, is the elimination of discrimination against foreign patent applicants who file US patents where concurrent research is being carried out abroad. This is because complex interference proceedings will no longer be necessary. COMMENTARY ON THE US MOVE TO A 'FIRST TO FILE' PATENT LAW SYSTEM As innovation needs to be protected beyond the boundaries of the UK, it is important for UK patent applicants to have an awareness of the patent law frameworks of key foreign trade markets such as the USA. Indeed, the USA is Britain's largest single export market, taking 33.3 billion[pounds sterling] of UK goods in 2010 (14.3% of the UK's exports) and is also the leading overseas destination for British investment. The UK is the sixth biggest exporter to the USA, after Canada, Mexico, China, Japan and Germany. (1) Central to understanding the US patent law framework is the knowledge that patent protection is deeply rooted in the US Constitution adopted in 1787, which is the supreme law in the US. In relation to patents, article 1, section 8 of the US Constitution states, "The Congress shall have power ... To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries." Substituting 'inventor' with 'filer' was not what was originally contemplated when the US Constitution was drafted in 1787 and why the shift is of great significance for the US. As the UK's patent rights are not rooted in a constitution, it never had such a constraint. Until now with the advent of the AIA, the US patent system was based on this unique 'first to invent' doctrine, namely that the inventor who first conceives an invention and then diligently reduces it to practice by filing a patent application (or actual reduction to practice) is held to be the first inventor and is thus entitled to patent protection for a term of twenty years. However, almost every other country in the world has a patent system based on the 'first to file' doctrine whereby the patent is granted to the inventor who is the first to file a patent application, regardless of the actual date of the invention the subject of the application. The existence of two parallel systems created uncertainty for inventors and investors around the world. Accordingly, in recent decades, the goal of global patent harmonization negotiations focussed on achieving two uniform substantive legal requirements: (1) 'first to file' and (2) a 12 month grace period. This commentary and analysis will focus on the former. Briefly however, in relation to the latter, under the existing US system an inventor who discloses his or her invention to a third party without entering into a confidentiality agreement, or publishes details of the invention, risks losing the right to patent as the disclosure amounts to prior art. …


The effect of glucocorticoid on growth and the histologic features of adenocarcinoma induced in nude mouse by the inoculation of neoplastic epithelial cells of salivary duct origin (HSG) were studied. Subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (low-dose group: 0.05 pg/g, high-dose group: 0.25 bg/g) four times a week for 8 weeks significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited tumor growth, and in one mouse the tumor had almost completely disappeared by the middle of the sixth week of treatment. In addition, dexamethasone induced an apparent luminal structure in the tissue section of the tumor and enhanced the immunoperoxidase reaction to epithelial membrane antigen. The results indicate that dexamethasone inhibited the proliferation of HSG cells in the nude mouse transplantation system probably by inducing the cellular differentiation of the HSG cells toward the more differentiated ductal epithelia via glucocorticoid receptors. Cancer 62:716-722, 1988. ALIGNANT TUMORS Of the salivary gland are M common in head and neck cancers although their frequency is lower than that of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa.' For the treatment of the malignant tumors of salivary gland, surgical removal provides the main hope of cure. However, we often have encountered many advanced and/or recurrent cases in which surgery has been inadequate because these tumors are very invasive. It is generally accepted that such advanced tumors are resistant to other treatments, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, the development of new effective treatments will be required. Our study may indicate a new therapeutic implication for salivary gland tumors. We previously reported that dexamethasone acted to inhibit growth of a human salivary adenocarcinoma cell line (HSG) in vitro via


The utility model discloses a convenient guard device comprising a hollow guard casing, a fence net and a winding and unwinding mechanism. The winding and unwinding mechanism is fixed in the hollow guard casing and used for winding and unwinding the fence net. The guard casing comprises an upper cover, a side wall and a lower cover from top to bottom, which are sequentially connected. The side wall is provided with a rectangular net outlet for the fence net to go in and out. The winding and unwinding mechanism comprises a rotary shaft longitudinally penetrating the upper cover and the lower cover, the axis of the rotary shaft is superposed with the axis of the guard casing, and bearings are arranged at the joint of the rotary shaft and the upper cover and the joint of the rotary shaft and the lower cover so as to realize autorotation of the rotary shaft, so that the fence net can rotate around the rotary shaft to wind and unwind. By the winding and unwinding mechanism, regular winding of the fence net can be guaranteed, self-winding or winding with other operation tools of the fence net is avoided, subsequent operation is facilitated, and operation efficiency is improved. When idled, the fence net is disposed in the guard casing and is well protected and prevented from damages, and using cost is reduced. The convenient guard device is simple in structure and convenient to use and has higher popularization and application value.


Single edge notch tension(SENT) specimens with 100~300mm diameter corrosion pit prefabricated at the root of the notch were used to investigate the behavior of corrosion fatigue small-crack of 2024-T62 high strength aluminum alloys.Corrosion fatigue tests were carried out in 3.5% NaCl solution.The initiation and growth of small crack were inspected with QUESTAR-CCD long focus microscope.Experimental results show that the most cracks initiated from corrosion pit at the root surface of the semicircular edge notch and most of the cracks were semi-elliptical surface cracks.The small-crack effect was not obvious under R=0.06 ratio loading.The life of the crack initiation corresponding to the crack length of 6~60μm was 15%~25% of total fatigue life.


Objective:To explore prognostic significance of heart rate turblence in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Methods:In a prospective study,blinded HRT analysis was performed in 398 patients with chronic congestive heart failure who were enrolled in the people hospital of jiangmen city between January 1999 and June 2004,with(14.0±11.6)months follow up,66 patients had died,we take them as the dead group,and the other patients were taken as the survival group.The possible correlative index,such as age,smoking,obesity,hypertension,diabetes,myocardial infarction,serum lipid levels,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVED),routine drugs(Aspirin,ACEI,Digoxin,beta-blocker etc) for treatment of congestive heart failure and HRT styles were analysised.Results: On Cox univariate regression analysis,HRT styles,left ventricular ejection fraction(≤45%),LVED(≥55mm),and older age(≥65years)showed a significant association with total mortality,among them HRT styles was the most significant.Conclusions: Heart rate turbulence is a significant predictor of total mortality in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.


1 Abstract A key ingredient in network management and design is a characterization of the traac patterns and volumes that are either experienced by or expected on the network. Without this ingredient, network management regimes tend to be either non-existent or very heuristic in nature, and furthermore, systematic and eeective network design and performance analysis are virtually impossible. This paper seeks to provide such a traac characterization for typical campus area networks. Our results are based on real-time measurements on various parts of the University of Florida data communication network (UFNET) which includes the UFNET backbone network and several subnetworks. For each network, traac was characterized hierarchically as Intra-LAN, Inter-LAN, and LAN to WAN. The measured traac was further characterized hierarchically at the application, transport, and medium access layers. A comparative study was made for the subnets under consideration based on traac volumes and packet size, protocol, and application distributions. The observed traac characteristics led to the development of the ow model proposed in this paper. The proposed ow model is based on the user applications observed on the network and the complex dynamics of the data ow from the application layer down to the physical 1 Madhu K. Acharya and Bharati Bhalla are presently working for 1 layer. Applications are deened using transport conversations, a quintuple of source and destination internet addresses, transport port numbers, and the transport protocol. This modeling technique diiers from the traditional approach of workload modeling, in that, it examines the traac originating at the application layer and the changing traac pattern at each layer below it as the messages reach the physical medium. This study is an attempt to understand and describe the complex dynamics of traac appearing on the physical layer. The model parameters presented here were calculated based on 24 hour packet header data collected on the Engineering Consulting Services Subnet (ECSNET). The parameters were used as inputs to a simulation experiment to evaluate the performance of a Metropolitan Area Network providing Switched Multimegabit Data Services (SMDS). The ow model will be instrumental in the study of network switching and control mechanisms such as adaptive routing, ow and congestion control, etc. It will also enable a realistic assessment of protocol usage and changes in network behavior as the load increases.


By enhancing the fit between new product features and customer preferences, the customer knowledge development process fosters new product success. Despite this significant benefit, there is considerable variance in the extent to which firms engage in this process in their new product development projects. This is because not all firms can meet the resource, strategic flexibility, and motivational requirements of the process. In this research, the authors develop a nomological network wherein they identify (1) the organizational actions that enable effective implementation of the customer knowledge development process, (2) the characteristics of new product development projects that moderate the effects of these actions, and (3) the outcomes that are generated by the process. The results from a survey of 165 marketing managers who had recently participated in new product development projects provide substantial support for the nomological network. The authors explore the theoretical and managerial implications that arise from their results and provide future research directions.


The effects of the glucose, ammonium, metal ion, buffer agents, surfactants and culture temperature on GLA synthesized by Mortierella isabellina were studied, and the mechanism of the change of GLA yield was analyzed by calculating the values of ΣC18/ΣC16, IUFA, (L+G)/O and G/L as the index of fatty acids composition analysis. The results showed that ammonium obviously affected fatty acid △6- desaturation, unsaturated degree and carbon chain elongation with the production of GLA ; Ca2+ enhanced fatty acid △12- desaturation and unsaturated degree; additional 0.3% sodium acetate further enhanced fatty acid △6 -and △12- desaturation;there was significant improvement in fatty acid △6- desaturation and carbon chain elongation at relative low culture temperature.


As human demand for energy continues to grow, energy security has become an important research topic for national economic and social development. As the country with the highest energy demand and import in the world, China needs to ensure its energy import security in a personal way. Against this research background, this paper investigates the causal relationship between bilateral political relations and China's energy import security. This research selected HS 6-digit percentile trade data from 47 energy-exporting countries engaged in energy trade with China from 2000 to 2020. A trade gravity model was constructed to examine the impact of bilateral political relations on China's energy import security. Multiple empirical analyses were conducted using the PPMLHDFE method to investigate various aspects of the relationship. The research shows that: (1) Bilateral political relations can significantly affect China's energy trade imports. (2) The regional security situation of exporting countries and the signing of free trade agreements with China play a moderating role between bilateral political relations and energy imports. (3) In the heterogeneity analysis, the influence of bilateral political relations on China's energy trade has obvious stage characteristics, and the influence of bilateral political relations on China's energy trade is stronger in countries and regions along the Belt and Road Initiative, and there is a certain path-dependent type of China's energy imports.


The main purpose of the current study was to explore the effects of utilizing task complexity when associated with recasts on improving grammar acquisition among EFL Egyptian learners, as well as its effect on relation between aptitude and EFL learners' grammar acquisition after recasts. To achieve the purpose of the study, 120 elementary FL learners were divided in two experimental groups: one of them finished complex decision-making assignments, while the other group accomplished simple information transmission assignments. Recasts were provided as a reaction to the participants' errors when they used the present third person singular verb forms. To collect the data, the researcher used these tools; elicited imitation tests, oral production, and written production to measure EFL grammar acquisition, in addition to LLAMA D, LLAMA E, and LLAMA F to evaluate learners' aptitude. The results showed that it was more useful to employ tasks with less difficult cognitive demands. In complex task conditions, the grammar acquisition was predicted through the outcomes of the participants in LLAMA D, which measured both oral and written production. Added to this, grammar acquisition was also predicted by the learners' performance on LLAMA E, which was measured over elicited imitation.


Since the first FDA approval of a PEGylated product in 1990, so called random PEGylation reactions are still used to increase the efficacy of biopharmaceuticals and represent the major technology of all approved PEG‐modified drugs. However, the great influence of process parameters on PEGylation degree and the PEG‐binding site results in a lack of reaction specificity which can have severe impact on the product profile. Consequently, reproducible and well characterized processes are essential to meet increasing regulative requirements resulting from the quality‐by‐design (QbD) initiative, especially for this kind of modification type. In this study we present a general approach which combines the simple chemistry of random PEGylation reactions with high throughput experimentation (HTE) to achieve a well‐defined process. Robotic based batch experiments have been established in a 96‐well plate format and were analyzed to investigate the influence of different PEGylation conditions for lysozyme as model protein. With common SEC analytics highly reproducible reaction kinetics were measured and a significant influence of PEG‐excess, buffer pH, and reaction time could be investigated. Additional mono‐PEG‐lysozyme analytics showed the impact of varying buffer pH on the isoform distribution, which allowed us to identify optimal process parameters to get a maximum concentration of each isoform. Employing Micrococcus lysodeikticus based activity assays, PEG‐lysozyme33 was identified to be the isoform with the highest residual activity, followed by PEG‐lysozyme1. Based on these results, a control space for a PEGylation reaction was defined with respect to an optimal overall volumetric activity of mono‐PEG‐lysozyme isoform mixtures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 104–114. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Context: Distributed language and interactivity are central members of a set of concepts that are rapidly developing into rigorous, exciting additions to 4E cognitive science. Because they share …