The present invention relates to content-based charging techniques, for conventional fixed-length format data service charging models employed based on the defect rate method does not apply to the content, based on providing content charging sending accounting file receiving methods and accounting server. Wherein the contents of a file transmission method accounting based charging, comprising the steps of: receiving the original charging information based on the content of charging; encapsulate the original charging information based on content-based charging BER encoding, is generated based on content billing billing file and send. The present invention also provides a file-based accounting method for receiving content charging and billing server. The present invention provides a content-based billing document charging result of variable length format, has excellent expandability and flexibility. Accounting documents can be adapted to the present invention provides a content-based charging complex environment. At the same time, variable length encoding BER, small footprint, with strict coding rules.


A keyboard has first and second nested planar members with depressions formed thereon. The upper member is transparent. The lower member may be color coded and carry replaceable key indicia in the depressions. The laminated overlay nested planar members are disposed adjacent to a conventional elastomeric diaphragm switch assembly having an upper layer of shaped protrusions abutting the lower most inner surfaces of the second or lower member depressions. Frame structure of variable form assists in retaining the laminated overlay members in fixed relationship to the elastomeric diaphragm switch assembly.


L-xylulose is a non-phosphorylated intermediate of the glucuronic acid pathway of glucose metabolism. Burns, Strominger, Hollmann, and Touster have reviewed the reactions of this newly recognized cycle which was first proposed as the result of studies of the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid and L-xylulose from glucose. Interest in L-xylulose metabolism in man has largely centered about the fact that patients with hereditary essential pentosuria excrete large and relatively constant amounts of L-xylulose in the urine. Hiatt has provided evidence that the missing or inhibited enzyme in patients with hereditary pentosuria is NADP-xylitol dehydrogenase which catalyzes the reduction of L-xylulose to xylitol, and he and his co-workers have demonstrated that the fasting serum concentration of L-xylulose is elevated in these patients. Recent studies in this laboratory have suggested that the relative contribution of the glucuronic acid pathway to total CO2 production from glucose is greater in adipose tissue from starved or alloxan diabetic rats than in tissue from normal fed animals. The relative contribution of the glucuronic acid pathway to total CO2 production from glucose appears to be increased by growth hormone in vitro or in vivo in adipose tissue from normal fed animals and to be decreased when insulin is added to tissue from starved rats. These observations led us to speculate that the utilization of glucose by way of the glucuronic acid pathway may be unimpaired or increased in the diabetic state. Interest in the possibility that unimpaired or increased glucose utilization by way of the glucuronic acid pathway may occur in human diabetics derives in part from the relationship between the early steps of the glucuxonic acid pathway and those postulated for the synthesis of various polysaccharides from glucose.* Increased glucose utilization by pathways which normally account for only a small fraction of total glucose utilization might help to clarify the paradox that in diabetes


The article deals with passive suspension system of a seat employing two types of dynamic absorbers. The methodology how to design such a system is explained in the paper. The first type of dynamic absorber is composed by two masses connected to the seat by springs and dampers in parallel configuration. The second one is composed by two sprung masses connected to the seat in the series. The parameters of the seat suspension system and the dynamic absorber parameters were all determined by an optimization process based on genetic algorithms. The objective function for the optimization was to minimize the seats displacements. The vibration reduction of the seat is compared for both investigated cases.


Researches have been conducted on t(symmetric) error correcting and all undirectional error detecting (t-EC/AUED) codes. Among the t-EC/AUED codes proposed so far, most are constructed by appending additional bits to the codewords of a t error correcting (t-EC) base code. The merit of this kind of construction lies in that one can determine the additional bits only from the Hamming weights of the codewords of a base code, which provides simple encoding and decoding of the code. The paper adds another construction method for t-EC/AUED codes based on t-EC codes. Though the proposed code is regarded as an extension of the codes given by Blaum and van Tilborg (1989) and Andrew (1988), it achieves a higher information rate and requires smaller encoding tables compared to the conventional ones.<<ETX>>


In modern political discourse a lot of American politicians with the help of their speechwriters and political image makers use various linguistic technologies to reach their political goals through the process of persuasion or bargaining. Producing various texts of speeches, they include into them not only deep knowledge of the natural and social worlds (values, beliefs, assumptions) but also their knowledge of language whose power of influence is evident and very strong. Such technologies as the simplicity of speech (direct appeal to ordinary people), effective image-making strategies by visual and verbal language means, the creation of effective visual products of persuasion (political advertisements and cartoons) allow them to introduce socially important and culturally oriented concepts for the purpose of keeping their power and reinforcing their influence on public opinion..


We report a simulation study using the RIB modification of the Gibbs' ensemble, for a model membrane system in which the surfaces have embedded dipoles, and are separated by a fluid of discrete TIPS2 water molecules. The separation between the layers is allowed to vary, as is the number of water molecules in the membrane which is in equilibrium with a vapour phase, the whole system being kept at constant (N, V, T). The simulations were performed at 298 K and two systems were studied: in the first, the surface dipoles were modelled as OH groups attached to hydrocarbon chains; in the second, the charge on the O and H atoms was arbitrarily doubled to 0-734e


During the course of 2011, two spools of newsreels dating back to 1911 were found in the Historical Museum of the Bersaglieri (Museo Storico dei Bersaglieri). The event leads us to wonder about when these spools were given to the museum and why such a donation was made. Using the findings themselves as sources, together with film magazines, articles of the time and military archive documents that have come down to us, this essay recreates the historical context in which the donation actually took place and the cultural background against which such a decision was made. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the idea of keeping the two films in the museum met needs that were very strongly felt at the time, but which were, however, quite far from the reasoning behind the emergence of the first film libraries and archives.


Lipomas are benign mesenchymal neoplasms composed of mature adipocytes, usually surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule. 15 to 20% of the cases involve the head and neck region. It is rare in the oral cavity. Lipoma of the oral cavity may occur in any region. The most affected anatomical sites in the oral cavity include buccal mucosa, lips, and tongue. The floor of the mouth, palate, retromolar pad and salivary glands are less frequently involved. Here, we report a case of a 59 year old female who presented with a large intraoral lipoma of the floor of the mouth which is one of the rarest site of occurrence.


This retrospective multi‐institutional database analysis aimed to evaluate the blood‐pressure‐lowering efficacy and clinical outcomes of a generic versus brand‐name nifedipine for hypertension management. A total of 12 693 patients who were prescribed a generic or brand‐name nifedipine between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2018, were identified from the Chang Gung Research Database of Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals, Taiwan. Among them, 2112 (21.4%) were prescribed generic nifedipine. After propensity score matching, both the generic and brand‐name groups consisted of 2102 patients. At a mean follow‐up of 3 years, the changes in office systolic (p for interaction = .791) and diastolic blood pressure (p for interaction = .689) did not differ significantly between the patients who received the generic and the brand‐name nifedipine. There was no significant difference between the two study groups regarding the composite of all‐cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.85–1.13; p = .774). In conclusion, the generic nifedipine was comparable to its brand‐name counterpart regarding office blood pressure reduction and the composite cardiovascular outcome for the treatment of patients with hypertension.


This paper addresses educational practice related to problem-solving within STEM education. A conceptual framework is shaped by conceptualising problem-solving first as an educational aim, then as ...


One of us has recently reported in this journal that the haematological picture of 'Mediterranean stomatocytosis/ macrothrombocytopenia' can be caused by the rare metabolic condition, phytosterolaemia (Rees et al, 2005). In this recessively inherited trait, the absorption of plant-derived sterols, including beta-sitosterol and related molecules, is massively increased compared with normal. The responsible genes, ABCG5 and ABCG8, are not expressed in the red cell or platelet. The abnormal lipids partition into the haematological membranes and disturb function. Mediterranean stomatocytosis/macrothrombocytopenia was first described in individuals of Mediterranean origin in Adelaide, Australia (Ducrou & Kimber, 1969; Pembrey et al, 1971; von Behrens, 1975). In 1971, Pembrey et al. found the condition in 38 of 393 patients with thrombocytopenia presenting to the Royal Adelaide Hospital (Pembrey et al, 1971). No reports arose from any other Australian centre, except Perth (Pembrey et al, 1971), nor from any Mediterranean country, such as Italy or Greece. There were no further reports after 1975. A recent review from Melbourne failed to identify any contemporary cases (Evans & Metz, 1999). One of us (John Lloyd) is a haematologist in Adelaide, and was alert to this diagnosis in Mediterranean subjects in the 1980s and 1990s. John Lloyd has on file only two cases of macrothrombocytopenia (platelet counts of 80 and 76 · 10/l, respectively) in Mediterranean subjects in that period, from 1983 and 1989. In both cases, macrothrombocytes were numerous, but neither had stomatocytosis. Even if these were mild cases of Mediterranean stomatocytosis/macrothrombocytopenia, there has clearly been a major diminution in prevalence. The British phytosterolaemia cases that were described all showed a congenital abnormality that was effectively constant. One case was followed over a 20-year period (case D in Rees et al, 2005). It is not conceivable that all the 30+ cases originally described by Ducrou and Kimber (1969) could have disappeared, if they had had this same genetic disease. It is known that this haematology can be acquired, albeit in the extreme situation of intravenous feeding with soya-based lipid emulsions, rich in phytosterols (see references in Rees et al, 2005). It seems possible that the Adelaide cases were also acquired. Olive oil is a major source of phytosterols in the Mediterranean diet. It is possible that the local olive oil in Adelaide in the 1960s contained some kind of impurity that either inhibited the protein product of the ABCG5/ABCG8 genes or contained some kind of active molecule related to phytosterols that had a toxic action in 'normal' individuals without overt phytosterolaemia. One possibility, suggested by Karl Pegel, is sitosteryl betad-glucoside (SG), a naturally occurring glucose adduct of a phytosterol. Its incorporation into lipid vesicles is known to promote endocytosis in cultured cells (Kawano et al, 2002). This effect can be interpreted as the promotion of inward membrane bending, a parallel to stomatocytosis in the erythrocyte. SG is typically removed from olive oil during refining: this may not have occurred decades ago. Mixtures of beta-sitosterol and SG have been used therapeutically to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (Berges et al, 1995). In this context, there have been reports of adverse haematological reactions (Jordan et al, 2004). Case 1 in this Canadian communication had pre-existing thrombocytopenia and developed a life-threatening haemolytic episode: he almost certainly had phytosterolaemia. In another case, abdominal pain and spotting were reported, while another showed bruising, vaginal bleeding and thrombocytopenia. These last two presentations are consistent with the Adelaide reports. While many other explanations are possible for the previous Australian experience, a 'toxic' effect should be considered if such a cluster should occur in the future.


In this article, the concepts of Psychology and Ethics are defined from an essentially humanist optics. Lastly, these concepts are applied to the assistance to the client in our hotel facilities in order to optimise the relationship tourism worker-client.


Using of resistant varieties is one of the effective, ecofriendly components of IPM for fruit flies due to the difficulties associated with biological and chemical control methods. Twenty five muskmelon genotypes were screened under field conditions at College of Horticulture, Anatharajupeta during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 and were grouped into different categories based on % fruit infestation. Among the screened genotypes, five genotypes, IC 315330P2, IC 321378, NMMH-24, Suvarna, IC 321327 were grouped under 'Resistant' category; eleven genotypes, Sharbath-e-nara, Patasha, IC 321333P2, IC 321323, Papayee-3, IC 321376, IC 321328, IC 321368, IC 321376, Papayee-sel, Sirangi were grouped under ' Moderately Resistant' category; Eight genotypes, Trisha-2, Alpur orange, NCSL, Allanagaram, IC 321343, KSP 1060, Amul-9, Sharbath were grouped under 'Suceptible' category and the only genotype grouped under 'Highly Susceptible' category was Papasa. Further it can be concluded, that the resistant genotypes identified through this study can be made use of as sources of resistance in breeding programme for development of fruit fly resistant varieties of muskmelon.


: Taking the introduction of the sixth song "Lonely Heart" in Tchaikovsky's romantic Song "Six Songs" as an example, this paper expounds the connotation and significance of the song from the aspects of song creation background, lyrics selection, music form and harmony analysis, singing analysis, piano accompaniment analysis, and probes into the artistic characteristics of Tchaikovsky's romantic song.


Based on the information published at 2008 Ductile Iron Annual Conference of AFS,an introduction was made to the present situation of ADI research and application,ductile iron production of United States,progress of vermicular iron production technology abroad,as well as the investigation and analysis results of ductile iron production.And the development tendency of cast irons was forecast.


Introduction PAIN is the most prominent feature of acute pancreatitis and its severity is sometimes considered a rough index of the degree of pancreatic damage (Blumenthal and Pro bstein, 1959). It has also been said to be rarely, if ever, absent (Richman, 1956). The following is a report on a patient who had several fairly typical episodes of acute pancreatitis, followed by a final fatal attack, with complete absence of pain. Case Report A soldier aged 39 was admitted to hospital in May 1959. An exacerbation of bronchitis had been followed by severe colicky epigastric pain, which spread through to the back, accompanied by repeated vomiting. The serum amylase was suggestive of acute pancreatitis at 291 Somogyi units; he was treated accordingly and his condition improved. Five days later there was a recurrence of pain, constant in nature this time, and the amylase rose to 1,600 units. An intravenous cholecystogram after recovery showed good concentration and normal function of tlie gall-bladder. Four times in the next year the patient suffered similar but less severe episodes, all apparently following acute respiratory infections with a productive cough; but only once did the patient report sick. In July 1960 he was sent to hospital again, after a further attack of bronchitis had been followed by four days of very severe vomiting; the patient was emphatic that he had had no pain at all on this occasion. However, he was obviously dehydrated and profoundly shocked with a barely palpable pulse and a blood pressure of 80/65. The abdomen was distended, with some epigastric tenderness but no rigidity; bowel sounds were present. Investigations revealed a serum chloride of only 52 m. equiv. litre and a serum amylase strikingly elevated at 6,000 Somogyi units per 100 ml. Treatment included intravenous fluids, tetracycline, atropine and gastric aspiration. The patient had passed a little urine shortly before coming to hospital, but twelve hours after admission only 20 mI. were obtained by catheterization. The restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance resulted in a free flow of urine and a marked improvement in his general condition. After four days, when the amount of gastric aspirate was getting much less, he became confused and disorientated with the development of a coarse tremor. The abdomen became more distended and, at this stage, laparotomy was undertaken; the diagnosis was confirmed and cholecystostomy performed to drain the biliary system. However, the patient became increasingly gest. P rocted by coright.


Objective To investigate the role of ~1H-MRS changes in the posterior cingulated gyrus and the hippocampus in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods ~1H-MRS was performed in 15 MCI patients.15 AD patients and 15 age-matched normal healthy controls, with Siemens Trio TIM 3.OT MRI scanner using single voxel PRESS at the posterior cingulated gyrus and multiple voxel PRESS at bilateral hippocampus.The metabolic concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) , choline (Cho).creatine (Cr).myoinositol (mI) and their ratios to Cr or mI were analyzed among normal, MCI and AD groups.Results In the hippocampus the mI/Cr was significantly enhanced and the NAA/mI was significantly decresed in AD compared with those in normal (P0.05) and MCI (P0.05).With the disease getting worsen, in posterior cingulated gyrus the mI/Cr was increasing (P0.05), and the NAA/mI decreasing (P0.05).We found the changes of NAA/mI at posterior cingulated gyrus between AD and control and MCI and control were bigger than those in hippocampus (P=0.001, P=0.019).Conclusions The NAA/ml and mI/Cr alterations in the posterior cingulated gyrus may be useful in differentiating normal elders and AD patients; NAA/mI changes in the hippocampus may be useful in differentiating the demented (AD) and non-demented (normal and MCI) conditions.MRS in the posterior cingulated gyrus and the hippocampus may be helpful in the diagnosis of AD and MCI.


This paper discusses the state of knowledge about the trade-related environmental consequences of a country's development strategy along three channels: (i) direct trade-environment linkages (overexploitation of natural resources and trade-related transport costs); (ii) 'virtual trade' in emissions resulting from production activities; (iii) the product mix attributes of a 'green-growth' strategy (environmentally preferable products and goods for environmental management). Main conclusions are the following. Trade exacerbates over-exploitation of natural resources in weak institutional environments, but there is little evidence that differences in environmental policies across countries has led to significant 'pollution havens'. Trade policies to 'level the playing field' would be ineffective and result in destructive conflicts in the WTO. Lack of progress at the Doha round suggests the need to modify the current system of global policy making.


The present research of mechanical products conceptual design is reviewed. All the processes model and frame of computer aided conceptual design are advanced, and some key technologies, which will be solved urgently, for mechanical products computer aided conceptual design research are pointed out.


ABSTRACT Mobilising and sustaining investment flows are two interrelated challenges of development financing. Given the untapped potential of remittances and knowledge flows of sub-Saharan Africa diasporas, an investment-linked diaspora revenue bonds model is proposed to target three issues: generating diaspora investments, which will not be used to service sovereign debts; linking such investments to projects, programmes, and sectors with high economic returns; and developing hybridised institutional frameworks of local and diaspora actors to manage this investment. This model, a hybrid of sovereign and corporate bonds, draws lessons from the Sukuk market and other diaspora bonds to offer an alternative solution to the multi-dimensional nature of development financing challenges confronting SSA countries.


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of piatelet activity in patients with chronic cor Dulmonale.Methods PAC-1 and CD62p was measured with flow cytometry in whole blood samples from 40 patients and 30 normal controls.The pulmonary arterial pressure was detected through Doppler echocardiography.The arterial partial pressure of oxygen and the carbon dioxide were also analyzed.Results PAC-1 and CD62p increased significantiy (P<0.01).Conclusion Platelet activity is positively related to pulmonary artrial systolic pressure,CO2 partial pressure,and negatively related to O2 partial pressure.

Key words:
Chronic cot pulmonale; PAC-1; CD62p; Flow cytometry


, Abstract We study an eMcient iterative algorithm fbr computing the stationary distributions ih MX/G/IZN queues with arbitrary state-dependent arrivals, that is, ., MX(k)/C/1/N queues. MX(k)/G/1/N queues include the well studied specidl cases, such as PBAS (partially batch acceptance strategy) At(,X/G/1/N queues and tt WBAS (whole batch acceptance strategy) MX/C/1/N queues. We only require the LaplaceStielojestransformoftheservicetimedistribrftfon.' ' ' ' Furthermore, we can obtain the algorithm for c6mputing the stationary queue '' length distributionS in GI/MY/1/N queues with state-dependent'services, or GI/MY(k)/1/N queues by using a relationship between the stationary queue length distributions in GJIM.Y(k)/1/N and MX(k)/G/1/N +l queues. ,J,


Several promising chemopreventive agents have for lung cancer emerged in preclinical models and in retrospective trials. These agents have been shown to modulate pathways altered in carcinogenesis and reduce markers of carcinogenesis in animal and cell culture models. Cancer‐prone transgenic mice with oncogenic Kras expressed in the airway epithelium (CcspCre/+; KrasLSL‐G12D/+) were raised on diets compounded with myo‐inositol. These animals form lung premalignant lesions in a stereotypical fashion over the ten weeks following weaning. Mice raised on myo‐inositol containing diets showed potent reduction in the number, size, and stage of lesions as compared to those raised on control diets. myo‐inositol has previously been reported to inhibit phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) signaling. However, in mice raised on myo‐inositol, total PI3K signaling was largely unaffected. Proteomic and cytokine analyses revealed large reduction in IL‐6 related pathways, including STAT3 phosphorylation. This effect was not due to direct inhibition of IL‐6 production and autocrine signaling within the tumor cell, but rather through alteration in macrophage recruitment and in phenotype switching, with an increase in antitumoral M1 macrophages.


A sealed tunable laser was constructed using semiconductor solutions with a composition gradient along the surface and electron guns producing wedge-shaped beams. The pulse output of a GaAsP laser reached 100 W in the spectral range 0.65–0.81 μ. The rate of tuning of the emission wavelength could be up to 1 nm/nsec.


Fish grown in the East Calcutta Wetland (ECW) areas in West Bengal, India amass waste elements within their body through nutritional uptake and accumulation. The present investigation had been carried out to study the extent of accumulation of different waste elements in tissues of Indian major carps (IMCs) commonly cultured in composite industrial wastewater-fed fishponds in ECW, India. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric studies were used to estimate metals like chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) in water and sediment of fishponds, and in fish tissues (gill, liver and muscle) of three economically important IMCs, rohu (Labeo rohita), katla (Catla catla) and mrigel (Cirrhinus mrigala), collected from contaminated and control sites. It is evident from the study that mainly liver is the site of maximum accumulation of the elements, while gill, in most cases, is the site of least metal accumulation in the three IMC species studied. Principal component analysis reveals that Fe and Cr were in the first component and thereby must be having a major influence in trace metals uptake and bioaccumulation. Tissue-specific and species-specific patterns of metal concentration and partitioning were apparent from our present study.


Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease and further classed as a chronic inflammatory skin condition serving as global burden. Moderate to severe psoriasis can be treated with conventional therapies. Less efficacy, poor patient compliance and toxicity issues were the major problems associated with conventional therapies. The introduction of biologic therapy has great impression on psoriatic treatment duration and enhanced quality of life in psoriasis patients. The new biologic therapies are tailor made medications with goal of more specific and effective treatment; less toxicity. The biologic therapy is aimed to target antigen presentation and co-stimulation, T-cell activation and leukocyte adhesion; and pro-inflammatory cascade. They act as effective and safer substitute to traditional therapy. Secukinumab, certolizumab, itolizumab, golimumab, ustekinumab, adalimumab, infliximab etanercept, alefacept etc. are the approved biologic with global market. This review briefs about psoriasis pathogenesis, traditional treatments and biologic therapies potential.


Mobility is one of the most significant factors that determines older adults' perceived level of health and well being. Cognitively impaired older adults are deprived of using powered wheelchairs because of the operational safety risks. These users can benefit from intelligent assistance during cognitively or visually challenging tasks such as back-in parking. An intelligent powered wheelchair that assists a cognitively impaired elderly user to perform a back-in parking task is proposed. A single subject participatory action design method is used with a cognitively impaired older adult to identify design guidelines for the proposed system. Based on analysis of transcripts from semi-structured interviews with the participant, a semi-autonomous back-in parking system is designed to drive the powered wheelchair into a pre-specified back-in parking space when the user commands it to. A prototype of a non-intrusive steering guidance feature for a joystick handle is also designed to render shear force in a way that can be associated with steering behavior of a car. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated in a pilot study. Experiments with the autonomous trigger and autonomous assisted modes are conducted during a back-in parking task with real-life obstacles such as tables and chairs in a long-term care facility. A single-subject research design is used to acquire and analyze quantitative data as a pilot study. Results demonstrate an increase in the user's perception of ease of use, effectiveness and feeling of safety with the proposed system. While the user experienced at least one minor contact in 37.5% of the trials when driving unaided, the proposed system eliminated all minor contacts. No statistically significant difference in completion time and route length is observed with the proposed system. In the future, improved back-in parking systems can use this work as a benchmark for single subject participatory


child with Down's syndrome. The case allows the authors to raise many of the issues that are then explored in more detail in subsequent chapters. The conclusion picks up the story of the same family and reviews many of the complex issues raised in the book. Each chapter of the book explores an issue related to prenatal testing, beginning with the first chapter, which reviews basic genetics. The second chapter describes the more common tests, such as alpha-fetoprotein, amniocentesis, and ultrasound. These tests are carefully explained with regard to their purpose, limitations, and risks. This chapter also includes an explanation of less commonly used tests such as chorionic villus sampling and DNA analysis, which gives readers some sense of where the field is headed. In the third chapter, the authors review the prevalence, genetics, and natural history of selected genetic disorders such as Down's syndrome, sickle-cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, and spina bifida. It is not completely clear why these conditions were selected, but, through the discussion of these disorders, the authors provide information that could be helpful in making important reproductive decisions. The fourth and fifth chapters, which deal with ethical and legal issues, should be useful to lay readers and to health professionals as well. The authors confront issues such as abortion, use of genetic technologies for questionable practices such as gender screening, equity in access to advanced technologies, and problems with errors in testing. Legal issues, discussed in the last chapter, are also reviewed in a clear and direct fashion. In summary, the book is a well-conceived, well-written survey of the rapidly changing landscape of prenatal testing for a general audience. The goal of the authors is to inform parents and potential parents about genetic disorders in order to assist them in their reproductive decisions. The volume could be useful as a teaching resource for health professionals faced with explaining these issues to parents. The discussion of ethical and legal issues may be especially valuable for health professionals, whose training may have focused more on the technical aspects of prenatal testing. The rapid changes in the field of prenatal testing will, no doubt, place an ever-increasing demand on health care professionals to be versed in these ethical and legal areas.


Objective: To investigate gender differences in cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction in mice. Methods: C57BL mice in two group: males and females were divided into sham operation group and myocardial infarction(MI) group randomly. Following acute myocardial infarction(AMI) induced by open-chest surgery, the cardiac rupture events were monitored. Pathological staining were used to measure the content of collagen and quantitate the inflammatory cells at 3 and 7 days after surgery. The echocardiography and hemodynamics were performed at 7 days after surgery. Results:(1) A significantly higher incidence of cardiac rupture was observed in males than in females (34.3% versus 11.8%,P0.05). (2) Males had a significantly higher number of inflammatory cells infiltrating at the infarct border at 3 days after surgery (P0.05). The collagen content were less in males than in females at 3 and 7 days after AMI. (3) The MAP and LVSP in sham operation group were higher in male mice compare to female mice (both P0.05). And the severe infarct expansion, worse left ventricular (LV) remodeling and hemodynamics were showed in males compared to females at 7 days after surgery. Conclusion: The cardiac rupture rate during the first week after MI was significantly higher in male mice than in female mice. The mechanisms responsible for this gender-related difference in cardiac rupture were related to more infiltrating inflammatory cells, less collagen content, and aggravated early LV remodeling.


c A g w t o In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as in all eukaryotic oranisms, d-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of orphyrin biosynthesis, a very finely regulated pathay. ALA enters yeast cells through the g-aminobuyric acid (GABA) permease Uga4. The incorporation f a metabolite into the cells may be a limiting step for ts intracellular metabolization. To determine the reationship between ALA transport and ALA metaboization, ALA incorporation was measured in yeast utant strains deficient in the d-aminolevulinic acidynthase, uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase, and errochelatase, three enzymes involved in porphyrin iosynthesis. Results presented here showed that neiher intracellular ALA nor uroporphyrin or protoporhyrin regulates ALA incorporation, indicating that LA uptake and its subsequent metabolization are not elated to each other. Thus a key metabolite as it is, LA does not have a transport system regulated acording to its role. © 2000 Academic Press


The article is devoted to the coverage of the impact of cortical and vegetative regulation mechanisms on homeostasis of carbohydrate metabolism indicators in blood of dry sows. Clinically healthy 3-years-old dry sows of large white breed were used for the studies. Experimental groups of animals were formed depending on certain typological features of nervous activity. The tone of the autonomic nervous system in sows was examined using a trigeminal vagal test. Types of higher nervous activity in pigs were determined using the method of conditioned food reflexes. Serum glucose and lactate dehydrogenase activity were determined. Correlation and analysis of variance were performed to determine the effect of cortical and vegetative mechanisms on carbohydrate metabolism indicators. The results of studies have shown that the tone of the autonomic nervous system is important in glucose homeostasis regulation in dry sows under physiological conditions. This is confirmed by the results of analysis of variance, which showed that sympathicotonia has a probable effect (η 2 x =0.38; p<0.05) on serum glucose. It was found that sows with high excitability of the sympathetic nervous system were characterized by a tendency to a higher content (by 10.36%; p<0.1) of serum glucose than sows with high excitability of the parasympathetic nervous system. Correlation analysis showed that there is a relationship (r=0.50; p<0.05) between the intensity of excitation and inhibition processes in the cerebral cortex and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the sows' blood serum. Under these conditions, sows of strong balanced mobile type of higher nervous activity showed a tendency to higher lactate dehydrogenase activity (by 20.93%; p<0.1) than sows of weak type.


As a worldwide problem, large-scaled petrochemical fire often leads to rescue turbulence in fire ground, especially turbulence in fire communication. The fire fighting and emergency rescue command is limited as result of this problem. To solve this problem, this paper finds out the problems of communication by analyzing a variety of environmental factors in fire scenarios, and thus puts forward corresponding countermeasures. By introducing the establishment of emergency communications security system as well as the disaster site information sharing platform, some solutions are proposed, in order to ensure the accessibility of fire communications in large-scaled petrochemical fire and make a solid foundation for petrochemical fire rescue.


One of the most important cardiopulmonary adjustments occurring at the time of birth is the reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance and the concomitant increase in pulmonary blood flow. The experiments of Dawes, Mott, Widdicombe & Wyatt (1953) and the anatomical observations of Reynolds (1956) have suggested that this decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance is the result of the initiation of ventilation and is determined primarily by the mechanical factors accompanying expansion of the lungs. However, the onset of ventilation also produces major changes in the oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension, and pH in the environment of the pulmonary blood vessels which could affect the tone of these vessels. The present experiments were designed to investigate further the factors controlling the resistance to blood flow in the lungs of the foetal and new-born lamb.


Kare Johan Mjor. Desire, Death, and Imitation: Narrative Patterns in the Late Tolstoy. Slavica Bergensia, vol. 4. Bergen: Dept. of Russian Studies, University of Bergen, 2002. 150 pp. Bibliography. Index. Paper.This book is devoted to the study of the interaction between the content and the structure of three of Tolstoy's late stories, namely The Death of Ivan Il'ich, The Kreutzer Sonata and Master and Man. It lays specific emphasis on common issues and narrative patterns that reflect major philosophical and aesthetic ideas that characterized Tolstoy's thought during the second half of his life. The author states that "the motifs of death and desire are connected both narratologically and thematically..." (p. 19) in Tolstoy's works. The discussion of both the development and particular features of this connection in light of the ideas of Sigmund Freud and Peter Brooks, as well as of the author's own original observations becomes the study's bold purpose.The book consists of a Table of Contents (pp. 5-6), a Foreword (p. 7) containing the author's Acknowledgements, five chapters further subdivided into small thematic units, a Bibliography (pp. 144-148), and an Index of Names (pp. 149-150). Chapter One, "Tolstoy's Realism" (pp. 9-26), acts as an introduction to the book and consists of three parts: 'The poetics of realism'(pp. 10-16), 'The invariants ofdeatfi and desire' (pp. 16-21) and' Some methodological considerations' (pp. 22-26). The author places the subject of the suggested study into a broad context of nineteenth-century realism and outlines the main object of the book defined as the "thematical content and... organizing role" (p. 16) of motifs of death and desire in Tolstoy's three late stories, with particular emphasis on the motif of death as the one that is "framing the stories" (p. 16). In explaining the broad notion of desire, the author refers to Freud, who understood Eros as the "need for self-preservation and self-development" (p. 17) and to Peter Brooks' idea oVnarrative desire -a desire for shaping meaningful plot through the action of telling" (p. 19).The following three chapters discuss Tolstoy's stories individually. Each chapter has a brief introduction and is subdivided into small parts that discuss in depth specific aspects of the corresponding story's plot and, in particular, those of its narrative technique. Chapter Two, "The Death of Ivan Il'ich" (pp. 27-66), has eight parts. The first one, 'The frame' (pp. 28-35), discusses the place and particularities of the first chapter of the story which, in its turn, "frames the story of Ivan Il'ich" (p. 35). 'Tolstoy's absolute language' (pp. 35-38) discuses Chapter 2 as well as the purpose and "the technique of framing" (p. 35). 'Ivan Il'ich from a distance' (pp. 38-43) discusses the way in which Tolstoy presents his main protagonist in Chapters 2 and 3. 'Illness and impending death' (pp. 43-47), 'The prosecution' (pp. 47-52), and "The world as lie and deception' (pp. 52-58) probe further into the story's plot and discuss the protagonist's struggle with his terminal illness and the ways in which Tolstoy relates the content and the form of his literary work. In "The identification with Christ' (pp. 58-63), the author links The Death of Ivan Il'ich to Tolstoy's particular view of Christianity and introduces the third major theme-Imitation, which manifests itself in this story through the phenomenon of "imitatio ChristC Op. 61). In the last part, 'Death according to the other' (pp. 63-66), the author emphasizes the existence of "different possible ways of telling a life and death" and "the implication of the very act of telling" (p. 66).Chapter Three, "The Kreutzer Sonata" (pp. 67-105), emphasizes in particular "the semantically rich potential of this text" (p. 68), and is divided into nine parts. As in the previous chapter, the author skillfully intertwines retelling of the story's plot with important observations. Thus, in the first part, 'The epic protosituation' (pp. …


We give a simple argument to show that if {\alpha} is an affine isometric action of a product G x H of topological groups on a reflexive Banach space X with linear part {\pi}, then either {\pi}(H) fixes a unit vector or {\alpha}|G almost fixes a point on X. It follows that any affine isometric action of an abelian group on a reflexive Banach space X, whose linear part fixes no unit vectors, almost fixes points on X.


Conventional aircraft designs have long beenhighly successful for commercial passengers transport markets.In recent years, there are researches carried out to explore afew revolutionary concepts such as the blended wing body.With expected stricter environmental regulations to be imposedby the aviation regulatory bodies for future flight operations,questions arise on the relevancy of conventional aircraft designsto remain competitive in years to come and on whether thesearch for new revolutionary aircraft designs has becomenecessary. This study aims to assess the situation by analyzingthe projected emission performance of conventional aircraftdesigns through changes of their parameters. Overall, theresults indicate that conventional aircraft designs face a toughchance to remain competitive when the proposed regulationtakes place and a more aerodynamically efficient design isnecessary.


The article is analyzed the consequences of increasing the shadow sector of of the economic system. The reasons of tax evasion are investigated in the article. Proposals for an effective tax system, which would, in particular, contributed to weakening the informal sector of economic system are developed.


Background: The main strategy adopted by the Nigerian National Onchocerciasis Control Programme (NOCP) for the control of onchocerciasis is the administration of the drug Ivermectin to individuals residing in areas where the disease is endemic.
Methods: One month after the distribution of Ivermectin in Isikwe-Achi in Oji River Local Government Area of Nigeria, a sample of 150 households were selected to assess the socio-cultural factors which may enhance or militate against the acceptance of Ivermectin.
Results: Out of the total of 996 respondents, an acceptance rate of 78.4% was recorded. Of those who received the drug, 76% believed it was effective while 24% thought it had no effect on their ailment. The most common side effect of the drug was oedema which was seen in 33% of the acceptors. None of them thought that any of the experienced side effect was serious enough to prevent them from receiving Ivermectin in future. In terms of personnel, 69% of the respondents would prefer that doctors administer the drug. Only 4% wanted to receive the drug from village health workers. The most common reason given by 215 respondents who did not receive Ivermectin when it was distributed was absence during the distribution exercise (44%).
Conclusion: The implications of these findings, especially in relation to the integration of Ivermectin distribution into the primary health care system is discussed. Key Words: Ivermectin; Onchocerciasis; Perception; Acceptance. Jnl of Medical Investigation and Practice Vol.1 2000: 26-28


Denitrified nitrogen in Lake Kizaki was estimated by analysis of dissolved nitrogen and argon. Denitrification in the anoxic layer and that in the oxic layer were confirmed. Vertical distributions of denitrifiers in L. Kizaki were estimated by MPN count method with Giltay's medium. In the period of circulation of lake water, denitrifiers were found throughout the water column, but they appeared discontinuously in the period of stagnation. One of the peaks was found in the oxic layer and the other in the anoxic layer. Forty-four strains of denitrifying bacteria were isolated from the lake in different seasons and at different depths. Taxonomical study was carried out with the isolated denitrifiers at generic levels. All the isolates were Gram-negative rods and motile with peritrichous or polar flagella. Most (34/44) of them were classified among Pseudomonas, some (4/44) among Alcaligenes-Achromobacter. The fluorescent group of Pseudomonas was distributed in rather oxic layers of the lake, while other groups of denitrifiers were found both in the oxic and the anoxic layers.


Aim: In our study, we aimed to investigate whether the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) can evaluate mortality in cancer patients treated in the palliative care unit (PCU).
Material and Method: Cancer patients who received palliative care treatments in the PCU were screened retrospectively, and 309 patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups; hospitalizations ending with discharge as Group 1 (n=154) and hospitalizations ending with exitus as Group 2 (n=155). SII values of the two groups were compared. SII was calculated with the formula of neutrophil count x platelet count / lymphocyte count. To determine the best cut-off value for the mortality distinction ability of the SII, a Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis was used.
Results: The mean age and distribution of genders of the two groups were similar (p=0.706, p=0.964). There was a statistically significant difference between the SII values of the two groups (p


Background :   Retinopathy of prematurity is the important complication in premature baby that caused blindness of the children . Objective :   To study risk factor and incidence of ROP in premature and LBW baby that conducted at newborn intensive care unit of Buriram hospital during January 1 st , 2005 to December 31 th , 2005. Research design :   Retrospective Descriptive Study Patient :   Premature baby (gestational age < 37 weeks) and low birth weight baby (birth weight < 2,500 grams ) that examined by ophthalmologist. Method :   Data from medical records between January 1 st , 2005 to December 31 th , 2005 were collected and analyzed by independent t-test for quantity data and odd ratio for quality data. Result : The premature babies were eye examined 141 patients for ROP screening. In these patient had mean of gestational ages 31 weeks and birth weight 1,949 grams. Mean of oxygen therapy were 9.16 days, 92 patients (65.2%) were oxygen box therapy only, 22 patients (15.6%) had ROP. 17 patients (77.3%) were stage 1,1 patient (4.5%) was stage 2, 3 patient (13.6%) were stage 3 and 1 patient (4.5%) was stage 4. These patients had spontaneous regression 15 patients (68.2%), 2 patients (9.1%) got improved, 2 patients (9.1%) got static and 3 patients (13.6%) got worst. The quantity data were analyzed by independent t-test. Gestational ages and birth weight in ROP patients had lower means than non ROP patients. But the means of length of stay of ROP patients had longer than non ROP patients. The quantity data were analyzed by relative risk and odd ratio found that blood transfusion, CPR of the baby, RDS and aggressived oxygen therapy (oxygen box and ventilator) were the important risk for developed ROP in the premature and LBW baby. Conclusion : The means of gestational ages and birth weight had lower in ROP patients than non ROP patients with significant statistical analysis. The important risk factors which developed ROP were blood transfusion, CPR of the baby, RDS and aggressived oxygen therapy, optimal oxygen therapy and avoidance these risk factors of the premature baby can be reduced the incidence of ROP. Key words :   retinopathy, prematurity, oxygen therapy, birth weight.


Differentiating cases of aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty (THA) from loosening due to low-grade infection can often be difficult. It is possible that some cases of 'aseptic' loosening may be related to unidentified bacterial infection. Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), this study attempted to identify the frequency with which bacterial DNA could be observed at revision arthroplasty for what was considered 'aseptic' loosening. All revision cases had to fulfil strict criteria to be considered aseptically loose In all cases operative specimens from the synovial fluid, synovium, femoral and acetabular membranes where possible were sent for analysis by histology, bacteriology and by PCR to identify the presence of the 16S bacterial ribosomal fraction, an indicator of bacterial DNA. Ten bacteria per millilitre of tissue/fluid were the threshold for detection. As a control for environmental contamination, specimens from primary THA were also sent for analysis in the same manner as revisions. The identification of bacterial DNA in at least one sample from a patient was considered a positive case result. 45 revision THA were identified over a 3-year period (1998–2001). From those 45 revision cases, 163 specimens were sent for analysis by PCR. These specimens were compared to the control group of 34 primary THA from which 91 specimens were sent for analysis by PCR. When analysed by specimens positive by PCR, bacterial DNA was identified in 55 of 163 specimens sent from the 45 revision THA. This compared with 21 of 91 specimens positive by PCR sent from the 34 primary THA (p=0. 07). When analysed by cases positive by PCR, bacterial DNA was identified in 29 of 45 revision THA and in 8 of 34 primary THA (p PCR is a sensitive test for detecting infection in revision THA. Results from the primary THA cases would suggest there is at least a 23% false positive rate even with negative bacterial culture. The increased frequency with which bacterial DNA has been identified in 'aseptically' loose revision THAs, however, is unlikely to be due solely to environmental contamination. These results may have relevance for our interpretation and understanding of aseptic loosening as well for the diagnosis of prosthetic infection.


This paper analyses traffic accidents involving cyclists that occurred within the territory of the city of Belgrade over the period of five years from 2009. to 2013. year, as well as survey of attitudes and behaviour of cyclists and use of protective equipment. Based on observed statistical data, subjective and objective risk, we defined a proposal of measures to improve the safety of this vulnerable category of traffic participants.


In this study, the authors proposed to analyse eDNA from water samples to identify water source in an alpine catchment. For this, they collected water at 11 sampling dates (March – August 2017) in 10 stream sites, located in springs, tributaries and along the main channel, as defined by the authors. At each sampling date and site, they also measured temperature, conductivity, and the stable isotopes of water. Their main objective was to identify the spatial variability of water sources within the catchment, characterise the hydrological connectivity of the stream network, and assess their temporal variability based on the three types of variables: environmental conditions (temp., conduc.), isotopes, and eDNA. In particular, the authors aim to compare the capacity of each type of variables to characterize the water sources, and in particular assess whether eDNA could be used as an hydrological tracers in alpine catchments.


Abstract. We present the derivation of turbulent energy dissipation rate e from a total of 522 days of observations with the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar SYstem (MAARSY) mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere (MST) radar running tropospheric experiments during the period of 2010–2013 as well as with balloon-borne radiosondes based on a campaign in the summer 2013. Spectral widths are converted to e after the removal of the broadening effects due to the finite beam width of the radar. With the simultaneous in situ measurements of e with balloon-borne radiosondes at the MAARSY radar site, we compare the e values derived from both techniques and reach an encouraging agreement between them. Using all the radar data available, we present a preliminary climatology of atmospheric turbulence in the UTLS (upper troposphere and lower stratosphere) region above the MAARSY site showing a variability of more than 5 orders of magnitude inherent in turbulent energy dissipation rates. The derived e values reveal a log-normal distribution with a negative skewness, and the e profiles show an increase with height which is also the case for each individual month. Atmospheric turbulence based on our radar measurements reveals a seasonal variation but no clear diurnal variation in the UTLS region. Comparison of e with the gradient Richardson number Ri shows that only 1.7 % of all the data with turbulence occur under the condition of Ri   1. Further, there is a roughly negative correlation between e and Ri that is independent of the scale dependence of Ri. Turbulence under active dynamical conditions (velocity of horizontal wind U > 10 m s−1) is significantly stronger than under quiet conditions (U


This paper looked at the design of a power saving conveyor system which involves sizing, selection and cost-benefit analysis of its installation. This paper concentrates on factors that produce high belt power consumption and costs which are huge starting torque and extended operating hours hence there is a design of drive control system consisting of gray inventors and variable speed drives to reduce starting torque and load detecting switching system to reduce the number of operating hours. The average power savings considering all the factors of reducing the system operating hours to the average of 12 hours a day. After doing cost-benefit analysis it was ascertained that installation, operation and maintenance costs of the designed system are less than that occur on the initial system hence the design is worthy to install since it results in cost savings and increases in system life. The are some recommendations for the designed system which are the clean ventilated environment to promote adequate cooling, belt protection against overload to dodge stops and also delicate inventors, variable speed drives and sensors protection against overvoltage and overcurrent so that the drive control system will not crash. IndexTermsDesign, soft starter, automation, control, conveyor, variable speed drive. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


This paper deals with a case of metastatic spinal epidural abscess due to an infection with Staphylococcus aureus in which the diagnosis was made and drainage provided before the appearance of signs or symptoms suggesting a compression of the spinal cord. We believe this case to be one of the first reported in which treatment has been instituted at such an early date, especially in the absence of meningitis. The outcome emphasizes the value of such a procedure. Eleanor M., a well developed and nourished Italian school-girl, aged 16 years, admitted to the Second Medical Service at the Boston City Hospital, March 17, 1933, complained of pain in the lower part of the back which had been present for the preceding forty-six hours. It was stated that until the onset of her present illness she had been in perfect health with the exception of having had four subcutaneous abscesses during


A recent trend in exploration is the tendency toward objectives in remote areas, such as the deeper water environment and in deeper depths given the current conditions of vibrant oil and gas demand. The terms "Deeper" and "Ultra-deep" wells are generally defined as those wells drilled deeper than about 4, 500m and 6, 000m in depth respectively. There are some new exploration opportunities to be reviewed in the US Gulf of Mexico and the Rocky Mountains region as examples of these changing trends. In the US Gulf of Mexico a deep gas exploration in shallow water areas attracts a great deal of players including the "majors". In the intra-mountain basins of the Rocky Mountain region, there are aggressive exploration and development activities underway in the basin-centered gas and other objectives regarded as unconventional resources. A technological break-through is a key issue to enable deeper drilling in all cases. We hope the new waves of technology from North America, mainly the USA, will extend all over the world in the near future. As it is vitally important for us to preserve the earth's resources, it is necessary for us to observe and review the new trends and opportunities for exploration in mature oil and gas producing areas and for development of unconventional gas resources.


Having speaking skills is not as easy as many students imagine. Students who are skilled in expressing their ideas in writing, are not necessarily skilled at presenting them verbally. Efforts to improve speaking and discussion skills for students, one way with the debate method. Based on the results of student analysis at the pre-action stage, the number of students who have not achieved completeness criteria is at least 3 students or 9% of all students. Students who have achieved the action criteria are 29 students or 91%. In the first cycle, there were 11 students who had reached KKM, 34% of the total students. The number of students who have not reached KKM is 21 students, which is 66% of all students. Cycle II activities, the number of students who reached the KKM in this second cycle were 30 students, or as many as 94%. Increases by 60% compared to during cycle II. The number of students who have not finished is 2 students or as much as 6%. An increased in the value of students in pre-action activities until the second cycle activities.


A characterization theory of noise in power systems is presented. Noise sources, noise measurements and noise filters are presented. The power difference between two intensities causes interference of noise. The intensity of power for any source of noise from a particle body is a function of development of various stresses. Noise defined as 'a sensation of unwanted intensity of a wave', is perception of a pollutant and a type of environmental stressor. The unwanted intensity of a wave is a propagation of noise due to transmission of waves (viz. physical agents) such as heat, fluid, fire, electricity, sound and light. The standard sources of noise, their definitions, their measurement equations, their units and their origins under limiting reference conditions are presented. The classification of noise filters as per source of noise signals from noise power systems is exemplified. The noise power systems are organized as per source signals of solar power, electric power, light power, sound power, heat power, fluid power and fire power. The noise filters are differentiated as per source signal of unwanted frequencies from solar power, electric power, light power, sound power, heat power, fluid power and fire power. Finally, Noise characterization theory is discussed on various aspects.


From a series of listening exercises as part of the Race
 Equality Review (2021) at the University of Reading, it become clear
 that decolonising the curriculum is important to both students and
 staff.

 The aim of the decolonising the curriculum project was to create
 an effective resource to support colleagues to decolonise their
 curricula across a varied range of disciplines across the
 University.

 The key consideration points throughout the project were a) to
 make sure we established a clear vision of what decolonising the
 curriculum means for Reading students and staff, b) the resource
 provides guidance on how to consider decolonising the curriculum
 within your own practice, c) informs how other colleagues have
 engaged in decolonising the curriculum, and d) what additional
 learning can take place to advance your understanding of
 decolonising the curriculum.

 Challenges included balancing a call to action with a considered
 approach to encouraging personal reflection.

 The resources have received excellent feedback from students and
 colleagues, and received external recognition from colleagues
 working across the sector.


Abstract The impact of unknowingly including a hybrid or an allopolyploid in which rDNA homogenization (via gene loss, concerted evolution, or some other mechanism) has not occurred to completion in a phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) or external transcribed spacer (ETS) sequences is unclear. To investigate the impact of polymorphic sites on phylogeny reconstruction, we used ITS and ETS sequence data for diploids and allotetraploids in Tragopogon, as well as ITS data for diploid and allopolyploid species of Paeonia and Glycine, and for diploids and their hybrids in Rubus. Only very general predictions can be made regarding the placement of these polymorphic sequences. The polymorphic sequences of hybrids and allopolyploids appear (1) with a diploid parent (but not necessarily the one with which it shares more apomorphies), (2) at or near the base of the clade containing one or both parents, or (3) in a basal position relative to all other ingroup taxa in the data set. The inclusion of a polymorphic sequence may be accompanied by an increase in the number of shortest trees, less resolution in the strict consensus, and a decrease in bootstrap support for some nodes; CI and RI values are little, if at all, affected. In no case did the addition of a sequence from a hybrid or allopolyploid alter the overall topology in a major way. Our results generally parallel those of phylogenetic studies that include F1 hybrids and their parents and use morphology.


AbstractThis study hypothesized that participation in a training program in the evaluation of classroom instruction prior to student teaching would improve students' ability to evaluate their own classroom performance during student teaching.Junior education students, 58 classified as trained or Experimental and 53 untrained or Control, were compared during student teaching on their ability to evaluate the lessons they taught. The five areas to be considered were introduction, organization, procedures and techniques, items relating to children, and items relating to the teacher.Results indicated that in four of the five categories the differences between the groups were in a direction favorable to the trained students and that in two of those categories the difference was significant at the five percent level. It was concluded that the Experimental Training Program was effective in some areas.


Rational configuration and optimal design of sprinkler irrigation machine will contribute to both the performance improvement of the system and reduction in the operation cost. In this work, a mathematic optimization model of the sprinkler irrigation machine was established and the solution based on a genetic algorithm (GA) was developed. The minimal annual cost, which consisted of the specific depreciation expense and specific energy consumption fee, was defined as the objective function. The pump and pipeline operating conditions, minimal working pressure of sprinkler and sprinkler working pressure deviation range were chosen as the constraint conditions. Number of sprinklers, pipe diameter and sprinkler pressure head at the end of the pipeline were taken as the decision variables in the genetic algorithm. The back step method was employed in the hydraulic calculation of the pipeline. When the design parameters were input, the model could optimize the number of sprinklers, pipe diameter and figure out the discharge and pressure head of each sprinkler, specific cost and specific energy consumption of the machine. Therefore, both the pump and the pipeline would operate in the optimized condition. The examples showed that the procedure based on GA was robust with excellent efficiency, high accuracy, reliability, and practicability.


This report is an expository state-of-the-art review of several fundamental themes in two related but largely unconnected bodies of literature. The focus is on recent attempts to design comprehensive dynamic demo-economic policy models that are formally stated as optimal control problems. Two groups of models are distinguished: planning-oriented models, which originated in systems engineering and economics and which are designed to aid practical problem solving; and theoretically-oriented models, which have been developed in economic growth theory and which are intended to provide theoretical insights into the dynamics of economic systems. The formalisms of both are shown to have natural applications in demography.


Iridium oxide compounds form a fascinating class of materials, as their electronic properties are characterized by the simultaneous presence of strong electron-electron repulsion and strong spin-orbit coupling. Recent photoemission experiments on the carrier-doped bilayer iridate (Sr${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$La${}_{x}$)${}_{3}$Ir${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$ have shown the presence of small double Fermi pockets. Here, the authors provide a theoretical description of the dynamics of doped electrons in bilayer magnets in the presence of spin-orbit coupling, focusing on the vicinity of the magnetic bilayer quantum critical point. For experimentally relevant parameters, the combination of octahedral rotation and spin-orbit coupling induces a band folding that results in a Fermi surface of small double electron pockets, in striking agreement with experiment.


The second Camaraderie Action is Optimizing Rewards, Recognition, and Appreciation. It connects with and fuels intrinsic motivation and also influences community and collegiality. Embracing compensation and acknowledgment systems based on intrinsic motivators is part of the foundation for cultivating esprit de corps.


The mathematical models are set up which are applied to the solution of the temperature field problem of thin workpieces in high speed milling with the theory of the moving heat source.The numerical methods are presented of the partial differential equation describing the heat conduction in the plate.A conclusion is that there is a quadratic effect of High Speed Milling.The upward temperature gradient and the falling gradient accelerate with the feed rate increasing.It is important to establish theoretical basis of the High Speed Milling temperature distribution and thermal distortion manipulation.


Immigration law is constantly evolving. It is one of the most dynamic and multi-faceted areas of law. Specifically, in the space of asylum and refugee law, practitioners, immigration judges and our appellate courts face a daunting task of reconciling the law with the plethora of human misery that flock to our shores. The laws are plagued with ambiguity and complexity, and the task of interpretation is a daunting one. As a result, legal interpretation by our immigration courts can leave immigrants to languish in "a field of pain and death."This article will examine the politics of location inherent in U.S. immigration policy. I will explore the disparate treatment of Caribbean nationals in our immigration courts and the systemic discrimination that constrains the discretion of our immigration judges. My analysis will draw upon historical narratives that are steeped in the European-derived epistemology that constructed the Caribbean identity. The Caribbean basin has been more thoroughly colonized than any other area in the world. Over centuries of European colonialism, the Caribbean peoples were subject to the dehumanizing and emasculating effects of having transplanted values and laws imposed upon them, often through the most horrific means. In this historical context, this paper will demonstrate that the language employed during that era to maintain the twin demons of slavery and colonialism in the region, still informs the social construction of identity that permeates the rhetoric of "otherness" in United States immigration jurisprudence.


. An operator theoretic method is used to characterize restrictions of boundary functions of H and H°° functions and to obtain a generalization of a theorem of Loewner.


This chapter examines the conceptual evolution of national identity and specificity creation and promotion (nation branding), combining it with theoretical background and developments in the concept of competitiveness and attractiveness and suggesting a new interpretive framework for understanding nation branding policy and strategy. The chapter is divided into specific elliptical steps, with the first one concerning the critical overview of nation branding recent literature, developed towards understanding the main research directions related to competitiveness. Competitiveness and attractiveness are then presented as a dynamic and undivided diptych, which cannot be exhausted in fragmented nation-centric approaches but arises through dynamic processes at the co-evolving levels of spaces, industries, and firms. In conclusion, a systemic contour for understanding space is composed and suggested as a multi-layered continuum, called the "cone of entrepreneurial and innovational dynamics," which can be the substantial basis for articulating an integrated nation branding policy.


Working With Children in Hospitals is a very valuable and meaningful book to me, and it could be for all interested and concerned pediatrichospital personnel. The enlarged print is an asset for the reader. The updated bibliography is also an improvement, particularly the section "Books for Children About Hospitals." I should like to see more in this section. The increased use of pictures, which serves to emphasize children's thoughts and feelings, I found very valuable, as well as the chapter "Children Tell Stories and Draw." It stresses the need for every avenue of expression to be available for the children to use. Stories and drawings serve as constructive outlets for thoughts for the children as well as providing an educational opportunity. They give the hospital personnel still another tool to assist in understanding the child and what illness and hospitalization means to him. Miss Plank's book will continue to be


ABSTRACT This article investigates the impact of airports on the surrounding landside industrial development by employing secondary data of nine major Australian airports captured from Google Maps using MapQuery. Previous studies suggest a strong connection between airports and economic development at the regional scale. However, few studies explore this link around the surrounding vicinity of the airport. This article provides new evidence on the link between airports and the local economy in the Australian context. The empirical results demonstrate that the size of landside industries is highly correlated with both airports' passenger numbers and international air freight volume at the correlation coefficient of 0.912 and 0.871. Service sectors account for over 50 percent in the landside industries of most airports indicating a tendency of diversified and service-oriented landside development, which implies that airports are drivers of economic restructuring. The evidence confirms that airports have a positive impact on landside industrial development around airports, which align with the findings within this strand of airport literature.


In order to protect audio files, we propose in this paper a new integration scheme for blind audio file watermarking. The goal is to find a compromise between capacity and imperceptibility in order to hide as much data as possible while minimizing file degradation. This integration scheme is implemented in the three insertion domains: spatial, frequency and multi-resolution domains. For the spatial-domain integration, the mark is inserted directly into the data samples. For the frequency-domain integration, a Discrete Cosine Transform is applied to the audio frames; after the thresholding and quantification step, the watermark is inserted into the Discrete Cosine Transform coefficients to obtain the watermarked file. For the multi-resolution-domain insertion, a single-level Discrete Wavelet Transform is applied using the scaling low-pass filter and wavelet high-pass filter. The watermark integration is then performed using the obtained AC coefficients. The proposed concealment process combines three values to integrate two bits and only one may be modified, which reduces the probability of change unlike other approaches. This implies less modification and therefore less distortion of the host file; this explains the good Signal-to-Noise Ratio obtained of more than 59[Formula: see text]dB for the spatial-domain integration and therefore a reasonable imperceptibility. An evaluation of the watermark's robustness demonstrates that the proposed schemes generate reasonably robust watermarked samples against various attacks with a high-quality watermark with normalized cross-correlation greater than 0.9 for the three insertion domains.


This guide is designed to provide an overview of how libraries can use makerspaces to teach and showcase digital technologies. Other topics this guide covers include digital literacy, makerspace challenges, competencies for librarians, and how to advocate


It's a story almost too unbelievable to be true, and one that fits so perfectly with 'the myth of Robert Capa' that it could easily be mistaken for a mystery novel: thousands of negatives from the Spanish Civil War found intact in Mexico City handed over to the International Center of Photography (ICP) in New York almost seventy years after they went missing in Vichy, France. But this account is not one of fiction. It is the outcome of decades of research by the ICP's founder (and brother of ...


A historical sketch of duralumin is presented, especially in regards to its manufacture by various countries. The properties of duralumin are discussed and strength characteristics listed. Increasing the hardness of duralumin by tempering is discussed as well as the uses of the metal.


A device for obtaining focused shock waves comprises a pulsed laser (1), a cell (2) with a medium transparent to the laser radiation and a means (3) for focusing the laser radiation and spherical shock waves provided with a surface for focusing the shock waves. The means (3) for focusing the laser radiation and the spherical shock waves consists of a concave-convex lens made of a material transparent to the laser radiation and having surfaces (4, 5) with different curvature values, the surface (4) for focusing the shock waves being made concave. In one of the variants the concave surface (4) faces the laser (1), whereas the convex surface (5) is provided with a coating reflecting the laser radiation. In another embodiment it is the convex surface (5) that faces the laser (1).


EDINBURGH T'HIS remarkable developmental failure is met with in various sensory-motor affections and may be manifested in functional failure in connection with sight, hearing, kinaesthetic performance and probably in other functional activities. We are here concerned with developmental aphasia connected with vision, also referred to as congenital word-blindness. This disability is met with in children but does not become obvious until the child has been confronted with the problem of learning to read. The condition does not depend on the degree of general intelligence but is met with in 'all grades of natural ability, including occasionally individuals of the highest intelligence, which renders it all the more important that the nature of the disability should be clearly recognised. It does not depend on failure of vision due to errors in refraction or difficulty in focusing, or other causes found in the eye, though such should always receive treatment when present. This condition is a failure in visual comprehension, caused by delayed development of unilateral hemispherical dominance and failure in word-memory and relates to the psychology of vision: letters and words are seen but not recognised. Fortunately aural perception is available and eagerly used by children suffering from this visual embarrassment and proves to be of great value to them. There is a natural tendency to recovery in all children so affected which increases progressively with the child's development and education. The condition may be mild and transitory or severe and difficult to overcome. The cases form a graded series, including all degrees of severity. In the milder cases recovery often takes place in the ordinary course of school education: in the more severe cases persistent skilled instruction, undertaken early, is essential. In the Edinburgh Primary Schools about 10 per cent. of the children were found to be affected by developmental aphasia, of whom half recovered in the ordinary course of school education, while the remainder required special treatment. Teachers of children may fail-to recognise the fundamental cause of the symptoms and this was appreciated by Hinshelwood in 1896 when he wrote: " It is a matter of the highest importance 522


This paper presents a LabVIEW-based test bed and test system design with the practical application of the test results In order to meet the test requirements for high precision, efficiency and reliability of Hall car wheel-speed sensors in the production process. The results show that the system has good stability and reliability.


On 20 September 1977 the eminent Soviet mathematician Ashraf Iskenderovich Guseinov, Doctor of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Professor, Meritorious Scientific Worker of the Azerbaijan SSR, Academic Secretary of the Division of Physical, Technological, and Mathematical Sciences of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, celebrated his 70th birthday. After graduating from the Azerbaijan State University, Guseinov became a research student under A. N. Tikhonov at the Institute of Mathematics of the University of Moscow, where he later submitted his Ph.D. thesis "On a problem of potential theory". Since 1931, Guseinov has taught in various Colleges of Higher Education in Azerbaijan. For many years he was Head of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics and later of the Faculty of Applied Mathematics in the State University of Azerbaijan; he was also Head of the Department of the Theory of Functions and of Algebra, which was later changed to the Department of the Theory of Functions and Functional Analysis. From 1965—70 he was Director of the Institute of Cybernetics of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences. Since 1970 he has been Academic Secretary of the Section of Physics, Technology, and Mathematics in the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences. In 1948 Guseinov submitted his Doctoral thesis "Existence and uniqueness theorems for non-linear singular integral equations and some of their applications" to the Academic Council of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of the Moscow State University. Guseinov is an acknowledged specialist in the field of integral equations and their applications to problems of mathematical physics. His first papers were on potential theory. He suggested a method of proving the existence of a solution to the problem of finding a harmonic function in composite domains of very general form by means of a reduction to a system of integral equations. He brought a wide range of knowledge to his work on the theory of


A mobile communication terminal with an eyeball sensing function and a screen processing method thereof are provided to extract movement data of an eyeball from a facial image taken through a camera, and to perform an operation of scrolling data displayed on a screen according to the extracted data, thus a user can view various data by only movement of the user's gaze. A memory(300) stores at least more than one of data to be displayed on a screen. A display(100) provides the screen which displays random data. A camera unit(200) takes a picture of a person's face. A controller(400) extracts movement data of an eyeball from the taken facial image, and carries out an operation of scrolling the data displayed on the screen according to the extracted movement data.


This paper presents a method for determining the electron density and electron collision frequency in a cylindrical plasma column by placing an rf coil coaxially around the plasma and measuring the coil impedance. Simplified expressions relating the impedance to plasma parameters are found to be valid under certain suitable conditions. The plasma of a hot‐cathode low‐pressure dc discharge in argon has been studied by an rf coil probe. The dependence of electron collision frequency on electron velocity has been taken into account. The values of the electron density and average collision frequency, as obtained from the rf probe under different discharge conditions, are in fairly good agreement with those given by a cylindrical Langmuir probe.


With the development of educational informationization in Colleges and universities, cloud computing technology has become the main means of educational informationization in Colleges and universities. The application of educational information technology in college physical education promotes the integration with physical education. It realizes the transformation of physical education teaching mode and physical learning mode in Colleges and universities, gives full play to the greatest advantage of information technology, and provides students with a good education environment and a scientific and effective learning tool. This paper studies the application of physical education in the cloud computing environment. This paper investigates the current situation of College Physical Education in the cloud computing environment, analyzes and summarizes the problems in the process of college physical education teaching, and gives the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. It can provide theoretical basis and reference for the future application of cloud computing in college physical education. From the point of view of physical education, this paper studies the relationship between education informatization and physical education, explores new physical education teaching mode, improves the use of school physical education informatization, creates a good teaching atmosphere, and promotes the improvement of teaching quality.


Analytic expressions for allowable number of lost track updates are derived based on tracker characteristics that determine the track deletion logic for maneuvering and nonmaneuvering targets. The tracker characteristics chosen are: filter gain, track update time, measurement correlation gate size, target maneuver and measurement error variance.


Culverts are important components of highway infrastructure. They are structurally designed to support earth and live traffic loads. Corrugated steel pipes (CSPs) are widely used as culverts in Nor...


Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is mostly driven by oncogenic transcription factors, which have been classically viewed as intractable targets using small molecule inhibitor approaches. Here, we demonstrate that AML driven by repressive transcription factors including AML1-ETO and PML-RARα are extremely sensitive to Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi), in part due to their suppressed expression of key homologous recombination genes and thus compromised DNA damage response (DDR). In contrast, leukemia driven by MLL fusions with dominant transactivation ability is proficient in DDR and insensitive to PARP inhibition. Intriguing, depletion of an MLL downstream target, Hoxa9 that activates expression of various HR genes, impairs DDR and sensitizes MLL leukemia to PARPi. Conversely, Hoxa9 over-expression confers PARPi resistance to AML1-ETO and PML-RARα transformed cells. Together, these studies describe a potential utility of PARPi-induced synthetic lethality for leukemia treatment and reveal a novel molecular mechanism governing PARPi sensitivity in AML.


When I received the book The Mapmakers' World, which is published in association with the John Nurminen Foundation, I was transported back to July 2013, when I had the pleasure to attend the 25th I...


The EU countries, Russia and Ukraine have become participants in the global division of labor in an environment of increasing environmental requirements. In the EU, legislation provides for compliance with the conditions for a harmonious relationship between the number of animals and the size of the land plot. In Ukraine and Russia, every year the number of enterprises is decreasing, and the concentration of animals is concentrated on huge farms, whose activities do not fit into any environmental standards. In terms of the density of the conditional livestock per 1 hectare of agricultural land, in 2017 Ukraine moved to the 183rd place among the countries of the world, and Russia to the 190th place. The countries of the world are divided into those that supply raw materials – cereals and oilseeds and their processing products, and others – engaged in subsequent refinement, re-export or processing, the production of compound feed, livestock products and the export of finished products – meat, dairy products, highly productive animals, etc. In 2019, compared to 1992, grain exports in Ukraine and Russia increased by 39.5 million tons, and 39.8 million tons, respectively. As a result of the implementation of the strategy associated with the reduction of the sown areas of labor-intensive crops and the increase in the export of fodder resources, the employment of the rural population compared to 1991 decreased by more than 10 times. Russia and Ukraine are not capable at the present stage of exporting pork of meat high-performance genotypes.


We present a study that arises in a mentorship process of novice university teachers, developed at the School of Education of the University of Granada, in the primary education teachers degree. In this context, the potential of slides as a support to teachers' oral discourse emerges as one of the relevant questions when reflecting about teaching practice in a mathematics education course. Due to the existing diversity of critiques to this resource, we attend to students' opinion to go further about the use of slides as support to the development of oral explanations. Our aim is to identify possibilities and limitations of the use of this resource and to understand the implications of its use in the classroom


By selecting the panel data of 31 provinces in Chinese mainland from 2001 to 2011,firstly,it uses the principal component analysis to reduce the dimension of original data;based on this,it adopts the coupling and coordinating model to comparative analysis;last but not least,according to the ranking of comprehensive evaluation index about tourism and eco-environment system,this article puts forward some suggestions for the future development of tourism.The results are as following:the average coupling degree of provincial tourism and eco-environment system is on the stage of(0.5,0.8) from 2001 to 2011,it generally belongs to running-in stage;and the average coordinating degree is on the stage of(0.3,0.5),it generally belongs to the middle coupling and coordinating phase.Generally speaking,the coupling and coordinating degree about Chinese tourism developing and eco-environment system has increased,however,the comprehensive evaluation index of tourism and eco-environment system still shows some negative correlation,the coordinated development of tourism and eco-environment system need to be further strengthened.The east and middle China should readjust tourism industrial structure,improve the eco-environment for the tourism development;the western area must increase the investment on capital,technology,talent,policy and other elements of tourism,and change the ecological advantage into tourism development advantages in the future.


Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) that is famous as a heuristic robust stochastic optimization technique works in field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This technique of optimization is inspired by certain behaviors of animals such as bird flocking. The base of PSO method is on swarm intelligence that has a huge effect on solving problem in social communication. Hence, the PSO is a useful and valuable technique with goal of maximizing or minimizing of certain value that has been used in wide area and different fields such as large field of engineering, physics, mathematics, chemistry and etc. in this paper, following a brief introduction to the PSO algorithm, the method of that is presented and it's important factors and parameters are summarized. The main aim of this paper is to overview, discuss of the available literature of the PSO algorithm yearly.


14 During oogenesis, oocytes accumulate a large set of proteins derived from the maternal genome. These 15 proteins, known as maternal proteins, are not only required for oocyte maturation and fertilization, but 16 also implicated in subsequent embryonic development. However, most maternal proteins are degraded 17 and their amino acid components are utilized for newly synthesized proteins from the embryonic 18 genome. This process is known as the oocyte-to-embryo transition; because it occurs over a short 19 period, mechanisms involving massive degradation of maternal proteins have been proposed. 20 Intracellular protein degradation mechanisms can be broadly classified into two types. The first is the 21 ubiquitin–proteasome system, a highly selective pathway in which ubiquitylated proteins are degraded 22 by proteasomes. The second mechanism is autophagy, which involves lysosome-mediated degradation 23 of cytoplasmic components. In this review, we describe recent advances in the understanding of 24 autophagy, focusing on its role in early embryonic development. 25


This paper analyses levels and growth of output and productivit in transport and communications in Brazil and the United States over the years 1950 to 1990. The analysis is similar to that of Mulder (1994b), which adopts a similar approach to compare the situation of Mexico and the United States for the same period.


Figure 1. Bovine viral diarrhoea remains a very common disease in the UK. With the squeeze on farm gate prices, farmers are looking to justify every pound spent and medicine spend is under the spotlight. The old adage of prevention being better than cure obviously holds true, but it is important to regularly review the vaccine protocols. Changes in biosecurity, or a drive to eradicate certain diseases, can mean vaccine use could be reduced; alternatively, a drive to increase herd size and buying in of cattle could result in a need to increase vaccination. Bovine viral diarrhoea Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) remains a very common disease in the UK, despite vaccines being available for more than 15 years. About 60% of cattle in the EU test positive for exposure to the BVD virus (Lindberg et al, 2006) and, although BVD type-one is the most common form, outbreaks of BVD type-two were confirmed in 2013 and 2014 in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands.


In this paper, natural response of an H-shaped patch under open boundary condition is presented using the theory of characteristics mode. A metallic H-shaped patch is analyzed using the characteristics mode analysis as well as full wave EM simulation. A parametric study is performed using the characteristics mode analysis and first two modes are observed. Based on the parametric study, H-shaped antenna is designed for 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz with same area (or equal outer dimensions). A full wave EM simulation is also presented for the proposed antenna.


The ability of insulating materials to trap charges is a phenomenon of interest in many technological fields such as information storage, electron beam lithography and formation of electrets for instance. However, charge-trapping characteristics are not well understood in spite of a large amount of studies carried out mainly by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [1,2] and more recently by atomic force microscopy (AFM) [3,4]. Whatever the field of application, several issues such as the formation, the accumulation and the stability of charges after injection into the material demand further investigations.


Recently, the phrase "civil society" has attracted the attention of political thinkers from remarkably divergent perspectives. Some use the concept to defend free market societies, which distribute many citizen services according to consumer demand and purchase. Others use the concept to promote democracy through the politicization of so-called politically neutral aspects of life, such as family, work and leisure. Without limiting the phrase too substantially to any particular project, Democratic Civility explores the histories and uses of the idea of "civil society." Tying the concept of "civil society" securely to its sociological, cultural and material worlds, the authors collected in Democratic Civility attempt to use the idea of "civil society" to enrich our understandings of the social conditions that feed the possibility of democracy. The authors pursue careful examinations of the various genealogies of "civil society" as well as the diverse cultural experiences it entails. The pluralistic and comparative focus of the project provides much of its considerable strength. The authors brought together by the Civil Society and Civic Values program at the Institute for the Study of Economic Culture approach "civil society" from diverse disciplinary backgrounds, particularly from sociology, anthropology and politics. They take questions regarding the role of theory in life very seriously and pursue these questions, often comparatively articulated, through a wide range of institutions including family, religion, and state. Brigitte Berger' s "The Social Roots of Prosperity and Liberty" claims that "civil society" with its economic and social benefits was created by a particular familiar organization. Rasat Kasaba and Robert Hefner examine religious institutions, particularly elements within contemporary Islam that contribute to contemporary notions of civil society. Kasaba examines the political consequences of the increasing power of the pro-Islamic Refah Party on Turkish life, and concludes that


The proliferation of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is exponential. However, the power grid is not able to provide simultaneous charging of several EVs due to limited power production capabilities and old distribution infrastructure. Scheduled charging is one of the most advocated solutions. However, it is not viable for emergency vehicles. This paper proposes to provide priority charging service for government authorised emergency EVs. For enablement of this proposal, a complete solution that includes architecture, as well as the protocols suite is suggested. To realise such a service, the paper suggests a major functional entity called a Priority Charging Server, i.e. a database server where authorised emergency EVs' IDs are registered, and their record is maintained. The paper also proposes modifications in the IEC15118 and IEC 61850 protocol suites. These protocols provide communication between vehicle and grid. The solution also inculcates roaming as well as non-roaming scenarios, i.e. a priority charging request may be originated by an authorised emergency EV from a Home Utility Network, as well as Visiting Utility Network. The paper is concluded with a MATLAB-based proof-of-concept simulation.


The liquid immersion member, the optical path of the exposure light emitted from the exit surface of the optical member to be filled with a liquid to form a liquid immersion space on moveable objects below the optical member. Immersion member includes a first member disposed at least partly around the optical member is movable in at least a portion of the outer side of the first member, the recovery to recover at least part of the liquid immersion space comprising a second member having a mouth, a.


Some exploration well testing operations are executed by performing multiple runs in hole using slick line and Coiled Tubing (CT). A new technology has been developed that combines many of these operations, including contingency stimulation activities into one run.
 The Electrical Drill-Stem test (e-DST) Tool is an intelligent, surface-controlled tool designed to be run on coiled tubing that allows exploration well testing operations, including stimulation to be performed in one run. Existing operations involve rigging up slick line and coiled tubing in varying sequences depending on well conditions, such that the requirement for nitrogen lifting and acid stimulation through coiled tubing as well as gauge setting and retrieving by slick line can be established. In addition to saving substantial time, the new system is designed to optimize test quality through the display of real time bottom hole production logging data at surface, allowing the early ending of poor tests or the extension of interesting ones. Selective stimulation of zones through repositioning of the e-DST tool on coiled tubing eliminates costly trips into the well and the requirement for pre-planning of flow test durations is removed. The innovative tool includes: Cable head Connector, Upper Flow Port, Packer Element, Slips Anchor, Shut-In valve and real time instrumentation and control with monitoring from surface.
 The paper will introduce the major system components and review challenges associated with design, manufacture and testing. A summary of the first trial test results, conclusions and lessons learned will also be presented.