Fixed oil of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) seeds have a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines and food [1]. In Egypt the fixed oil of black cumin seeds used for certain cases such as chronic cough and bronchial asthma [2]. Fatty acids of linoleic (59.6%), oleic (23.8%), palmitic (12.4%) and stearic (<1%) were detected in the fixed oil extracted from Egyptian variety of black cumin [3]. Black cumin fatty acids have an antimicrobial role [4]. N. sativa oil has the potential to be used as a natural adjuvant to conservative treatment in the management of diabetic nephropathy. As N. sativa has very low cost and side effects, the cost benefit ratio will be in favor of using it, if its usefulness is proved by further studies. Therefore, add on therapy of N. sativa oil boosted the therapeutic advantage of conservative management in patients of diabetic nephropathy [5]. Heavy metals are prevalent in municipal and industrial effluents; they are modifying the structure and productivity of aquatic ecosystems [6]. Cobalt (Co 2+ ) is considered as a beneficial element for higher plants due to its direct role in their metabolism. Co 2+ promoted many developmental processes including stem and coleoptile elongation opening of hypocotyl, leaf expansion and bud development [7]. Some reports have shown that fixed oils of medicinal plants were significantly increased under the treatments of Co 2+ . Gad [8] reported that Co 2+ has a highly significant effect for increase fixed oil of olive fruits. Gad [9] revealed that application of Co 2+ (12.5 mg L -1 ) resulted in the highest amounts of fixed oil content (1671 kg ha -1 ) of canola plant. The compositions of fatty acids in canola were affected by different levels of Co 2+ [9]. Cytokinin (CYT) is a phytohormone that participates in events in the course of whole plant ontogeny, from fecundated ovule to senescence and death. It is present in processes such as cell division, shoot initiation and growth, senescence delay and photomorphogenic development, control of chloroplast division and growth, modulation of metabolism and morphogenesis in response to environmental stimulus [10-12]. Lipid and fatty acids are influenced by cytokinins [13]. Kull [13] indicted that kinetin application caused an increase in lipid Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences ISSN: 2028-2508


T H I S IS A BOOK of mellow fruitfulness, mature, discerning, and wise. Hanson asks: What is it we believe as Christians? And if it is not to be idle fantasy or idiosyncrasy, what sort of truth is it? His point of departure in addressing the question is a double one: the Bible as a unique and indispensable witness to the Christian doctrine of God, and the reflection upon, interpretation, and living out of that doctrine in a worshiping community. In this process of reflection and interpretation use must always be made of contemporary philosophy and ideas. The Bible speaks to us of the Word of God, God's gracious activity towards us in Christ. But the Word of God is also our encounter with him in his self-communication. Out of this self-disclosure and encounter have arisen historically three necessary and fundamental dogmas which give Christianity its unalterable and permanent shape—the Trinity, incarnation, and atonement. We cannot, however, jump directly from the New Testament to our contemporary situation : "If the New Testament—or, for that matter, the Bible—is approached or expounded in isolation from the tradition of the Church, it collapses, just as the tradition of the Church, if taught and presented without reference to the New Testament or the Bible, becomes empty and self-condemning. In our belief in God as revealed in Jesus Christ we very largely accept the interpretation of the Bible given to us by the Fathers, and we do so because we must" (p. 64) . What is needed, therefore, is to define our relationship to those who mediated the primitive witness to us— that is to see how we make sense of their dogmatic decisions and doctrinal formulae today. The terms which Hanson proposes in this process are "transposition"—reproducing what the early teachers said in our own terms; "dialogue"— seeking to bring their insight to bear on our questions; and "experience"—traveling across the kind of ground they covered.


This text simply recounts the structure of a type of PDM system which face to the medium and small enterprises, puts forward a method of integration about AutoCAD system and PDM system on the basis of this PDM system ,and carrys out homologous functions.


The most commonly used formula for calculating Fourier integrals is Filon's formula, which is based on the approximation of the function by a quadratic in each double interval. In order to obtain a better approximation the cubic spline fit is used in [1]. The obtained formulas do not need the explicit calculation of the spline fit, but in addition to the function values at all intermediate points, the values of the first and second derivatives at the boundary points are required. However, these values are often obtained from symmetry conditions. If the derivatives at the end-points are unknown, they may be calculated from a cubic spline fit, for example by using some exterior points or by using two extra interior conditions for the spline fit. It can also be noted that in certain periodic cases the terms containing the derivatives will cancel, and their values will be superfluous. The use of Algorithm 353 [2] is recommended if the frequency ω/π is a positive integer and the interval is [0,1]. Test computations reported in [1] indicate that the spline formula is more accurate than Filon's formula. Both are of the fourth order. The expansion of the error term in powers of the step length contains only even powers, and therefore the use of Richardson extrapolation is very efficient.


BACKGROUND
Aortic valve stenosis (AVS), coarctation of the aorta (CoA), and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) are obstructive malformations of the left ventricular outflow tract that account for a significant proportion of infant mortality. Two previous small case-control studies suggested methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms may be associated with this group of malformations.

METHODS
We used a family-based association design with inclusion criteria of nonsyndromic diagnosis of AVS, CoA, and HLHS, powered to detect an odds ratio for the heterozygote of <1.5. A total of 207 affected offspring-parent trios were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphisms at the two common polymorphic loci C677T and A1298C.

RESULTS
Error rate estimation based on replicate samples was 0.76%. Mendelian inconsistency at either polymorphism was noted in 10 trios, for a calculated undetected error rate of 1.95%. A total of 197 trios were analyzed using the transmission disequilibrium test. Significant association was not found between both the C677T or A1298C polymorphisms and presence of a heart defect, whether analyzed as a group, or by sex, ethnicity, or specific diagnosis. A log-linear analysis did not find increased relative risk based on the maternal genotype.

CONCLUSIONS
We were unable to replicate previous association studies and concluded that neither the affected nor the maternal MTHFR genotype, by itself, is a major risk factor for congenital left ventricular outflow tract malformations.


A study of salt tolerance carried out with 6 sugarbeet germplasm which soaked with different concentration of NaCl,the salt tolerance of gerinating stage controlled with gene,the broad-sense heritability h2B=51.12%. The optimum concentration of NaCl is 1.0%,certified index is the best with coefficient of salt injury,the best germplasm is 7503/78 for salt tolerance in germinating stage from 6 sugarbeet germplasm.


This paper describes theoretical and scoping experimental efforts to investigate the decontamination potential of a slag remelting process for decontaminating irradiated vanadium alloys. Theoretical calculations, using a commercial thermochemical computer code HSC Chemistry, determined the potential slag compositions and slag-vanadium alloy ratios. The experiment determined the removal characteristics of four surrogate transmutation isotopes (Ca, Y - to simulate Sc, Mn, and Ar) from a V-5Ti-5Cr alloy with calcium fluoride slag. An electroslag remelt furnace was used in the experiment to melt and react the constituents. The process achieved about a 90 percent removal of calcium and over 99 percent removal of yttrium. Analyses indicate that about 40 percent of the manganese may have been removed. Argon analyses indicates that 99.3% of the argon was released from the vanadium alloy in the first melt increasing to 99.7% during the second melt. Powder metallurgy techniques were used to incorporate surrogate transmutation products in the vanadium. A powder mixture was prepared with the following composition: 90 wt % vanadium, 4.7 wt % titanium, 4.7 wt % chromium, 0.35 wt % manganese, 0.35 wt % CaO, and 0.35 wt % Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}. This mixture was packed into 2.54 cm diameter stainless steel tubes. Argon was introduced into the powder mixture by evacuating and backfilling the stainless steel containers to a pressure of 20 kPa (0.2 atm). The tubes were hot isostatically pressed at 207 MPa (2000 atm) and 1473 K to consolidate the metal. An electroslag remelt furnace (crucible dimensions: 5.1 cm diameter by 15.2 cm length) was used to process the vanadium electrodes. Chemical analyses were performed on samples extracted from the slags and ingots. Ingot analyses results are shown below. Values are shown in percent removal of the four targeted elements of the initial compositions.


Question answering (QA) is the task of finding out the correct answer given a question and a knowledge source such as unstructured text or structured knowledge base (KB). In contrast, the task of question generation (QG) is a reverse task to generate a corresponding natural language question given knowledge in structured (KB) or unstructured form (text) and optionally a target answer. The motivation for QG is to generate large scale high-quality QA training data, which will help in improving the performance of QA model and also in increasing the efficiency of human annotators in QA dataset construction.
In this thesis, we study the problem of automatically generating meaningful, relevant and challenging questions from sentences, paragraphs, and knowledge base.


Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare radiographic and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) between circumferential fusions and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for adult isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS). Summary of Background Data: Definitive management of adult IS typically requires decompression and fusion. Multiple fusion techniques have been described, but literature is sparse in identifying the optimal technique. Methods: Patients with IS undergoing single-level or 2-level circumferential fusion or TLIF with a minimum 1-year follow-up were included. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and PROMs were extracted from patients' electronic medical records. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis compared outcomes with significance set at P-value <0.05. Results: A total of 78 circumferential fusions (48 open decompression and fusions and 30 circumferential fusions utilizing posterior percutaneous instrumentation) and 50 TLIF procedures were included. Length of stay was significantly longer when comparing circumferential procedures (3.56±0.96 d) versus TLIFs (2.88±1.14 d) (P=0.002). The circumferential fusion group resulted in greater postoperative improvement in segmental lordosis [anterior/posterior (A/P): 6.45, TLIF: −1.99, P<0.001], posterior disk height (A/P: 12.6 mm, TLIF: 8.9 mm, P<0.001), and ∆disk height (A/P: 7.7 mm, TLIF: 3.6 mm, P<0.001). Both groups significantly improved in all PROMs (P<0.001). While the circumferential fusion group had a significantly higher rate of perioperative surgical complications (12.82% vs. 2.00%, P=0.049), there was no difference in the rate of 30-day readmissions (P=0.520) or revision surgeries between techniques (P=0.057). Conclusions: Circumferential fusions are associated with improvements in radiographic outcomes compared with TLIFs, but this is at the expense of longer hospital length of stay and increased risk for perioperative complications. The surgical technique did not result in superior postoperative PROMs or differences in readmissions or revisions.


The lower limit of body weight for "splitable" liver grafts remains unknown. To examine the outcome of split‐liver transplantation (SLT) from pediatric donors ≤25 kg relative to conventional graft‐type liver transplantation from deceased donors under corresponding conditions, a total of 158 patients who received primary liver transplantation, including 22 SLTs from donors ≤25 kg, 46 SLTs from donors >25 kg, 76 whole‐liver transplantations, and 14 reduced‐liver transplantations in donors ≤25 kg between January 2018 and December 2019, were included in the study. There was no significant difference in the complications, patient survival, and graft survival between each of the latter three groups and the SLT ≤25 kg group. Pediatric End‐Stage Liver Disease (PELD) score was the independent predictor of graft loss (death or retransplantation). Graft weight was the independent predictor of hepatic artery thrombosis. SLT using well‐selected pediatric donors ≤25 kg is an effective strategy to increase organ availability, especially for low‐body‐weight recipients, compared with conventional graft type from deceased donors under the condition of corresponding donor weight without increasing morbidity and mortality.


The Cordier diagram for hydraulic turbines has been accurately improved and extended. The first part of this work completes the Cordier diagram by adding the effect of the number of injector nozzles in Pelton turbines. The Cordier lines (or bands) for Francis and Kaplan turbines have been recalculated based on the use of most available empirical relations without artificial smoothing of the boundaries between the different types of hydraulic turbines. Both turbine type and impeller diameter can be more accurately determined. The part of extending the Cordier diagram is based on the application of design equations for hydraulic turbines and the introduction of the turbine shape factor. This shape factor has a clear physical meaning in contrast to the diameter number in the conventional Cordier diagram. For Pelton turbines, it is representative of the ratio between runner diameter and jet diameter; for Francis and Kaplan turbines, it is representative of the ratio between the height of the wicket gate and the diameter of the impeller. The Cordier diagram for the diameter number can be replaced by the new diagram for the turbine shape factors. Exclusively for Francis turbines, the impeller shape factor also combines the blade profile (angle) at the impeller inlet with design parameters. The method presented in this paper can be well applied to create the extended Cordier diagram for the use of shape factors for pumps and compressors.


813Background: Despite published evidence based interventions for malignant bowel obstruction (MBO), implementation of a standard pathway is challenging. We hypothesized that using industrial engin...


Preface. Acknowledgments. 1 History of Sports Drug Testing. 1.1 Historical Attempts of Artificial Performance Enhancement. 1.2 Background and Rationale of Doping Controls. 1.3 Early Detection Methods: Possibilities and Limitations of Assays Without Mass Spectrometry. 1.4 Introduction of Mass Spectrometry to Doping Control Analysis. References. 2. Mass Spectrometry and the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods of Doping. 2.1 Criteria for the Mass Spectrometric Identification of Prohibited Compounds. 2.2 Modern Mass Spectrometers in Doping Controls: Advantages and Disadvantages of Available Techniques. References. 3. Structure Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Target Analytes Electron Ionization. 3.1 Stimulants. 3.2 Narcotics. 3.3 Anabolic Androgenic Steroids. 3.4 Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs). 3.5 Diuretics. 3.6 2-Agonists. 3.7 -Receptor Blocking Agents. 3.8 Calcium-Channel Modulators (RYCALS). 3.9 Carbohydrate-Based Agents. References. 4. Structure Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Target Analytes: Electrospray Ionization. 4.1 Stimulants. 4.2 Narcotics. 4.3 Anabolic Androgenic Steroids. 4.4 Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs). 4.5 Diuretics. 4.6 2-Agonists. 4.7 Calcium-Channel Modulators (RYCALS). 4.8 Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptor- (PPAR ) And Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Agonists. 4.9 Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-Stabilizers And Sirtuin Activators. 4.10 -Receptor Blocking Agents. 4.11 Glucuronic Acid and Sulfate Conjugates of Target Analytes. References. 5. Structure Characterization of High Molecular Weight Target Analytes: Electrospray Ionization. 5.1 Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG). 5.2 Erythropoietins (EPO). 5.3 Synacthen. 5.4 Insulins. 5.5 Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers (HBOCs). 5.6 Human Growth Hormone (hGH). 5.7 Sermorelin (Geref). 5.8 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1). 5.9 Gonadorelin (LHRH). References. 6. Modern Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Assays. 6.1 GC-MS and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. 6.2 LC-MS/MS. References. 7. Limitations and Perspectives of Mass Spectrometry-Based Procedures in Doping Control Analysis. 7.1 Recombinant Biomolecules. 7.2 Unknown Compounds. 7.3 Profiling of Urine and/or Blood. 7.4 Alternative Specimens. References. Index.


Nowadays, developing electric motorization for land vehicles is essential owing to the crucial need to save energy. This paper presents the development of a tool used in optimal acoustic and electromechanical modeling whose highly accurate calculations and speed of resolution make it stand out from standard analytical and finite element (FE) models. By coupling an analytical model with static FE simulations, our hybrid model calculates a complex global air-gap permeance per area unit, to take into account magnetic wedge permeability, preslot height, and rotor shape. An unparalleled level of precision and speed of resolution is obtained for the computation of air-gap magnetic pressures. Several results of comparisons between acoustic measurements and simulations on a concentrated winding motor for different speeds are presented.


Porous cellulose acetate butyrate foams with a bimodal cell size distribution were produced using supercritical carbon dioxide as a blowing agent. It is demonstrated that the cell size distribution is tunable, due to the semi-crystalline nature of the polymer. The resulting morphology will either be homogeneous or bimodal, depending on the depressurization rate. Mercury intrusion porosimetry shows that the produced cellulose acetate butyrate foams possess an open cellular structure.


To the Editor:

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment [1] and can cause opportunistic infections in humans with either an immunological deficit or structurally abnormal lungs, such as in cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [2]. Unlike Mycobacterium tuberculosis , human-to-human transmission of NTM is generally thought to be uncommon [2–4], although there is evidence that transmission of certain NTM is possible in certain circumstances [5]. Domestic plumbing has also been suggested as a potential source of infection [6].

We describe what we believe to be the best evidence to date of human-to-human transmission of Mycobacterium kansasii in a husband and wife living in East London, UK, an area with a high incidence of tuberculosis (∼112 cases per 100 000 per year) [7]. A recent survey suggested a UK isolation rate for NTM of around three cases per 100 000 per year with no data available for true disease incidence [8].

The first of the couple to be seen in chest clinic was a 69-year-old Caucasian …


Salt has been much in the media these last few months and mostly for the wrong reasons. Poor-quality, underpowered research has been misinterpreted and afforded undue attention by media outlets looking for a story. It is refreshing to see this issue of the journal reporting a new aspect of the salt story that is worthy of the attention – new plans for objectively tracking commitments to improve the composition of the global food supply. This proposal for systematic monitoring of progress with efforts to reduce salt in processed foods will be a key step in delivering upon the enormous potential of salt reduction programmes. For the first time, industry and governments around the world will be held to account by objective, quantitative measures of progress. While the true standardization of data collection across countries will doubtless be difficult to achieve, the pragmatic approach taken should add substantially to the public health armamentarium. For most of human evolution, man existed on a diet very different to that consumed now. Food contained just traces of sodium and only with the discovery that salt could preserve food did salt consumption levels start to rise. Now, some 6000 years on, average salt intake in most populations is much greater than is required to support normal physiology. With processed and fast foods now so widespread, it's very hard to find a population that illustrates what can be achieved with consumption of a diet congruent with physiological needs. A good historical example is the Yanomamo Indians of the Amazon basin. When first studied by Western society in the 1950s, the Yanomamo were still consuming an unacculturated diet – low in fat and supplying just a fraction of a gram of salt each day. A striking consequence of the Yanomamo lifestyle was that blood pressure in old age was the same as in adolescence – an observation substantively attributable to lifetime consumption of sodium at normal physiological levels. Having the right concept of 'normal' is key to understanding the potential offered by salt reduction. Jointly, the anthropological, physiological, and epidemiological evidence suggests that 'normal' salt intake for most of human evolution was a gram or less a day. Correspondingly, for blood pressure, the consensus is now that normal adult systolic blood pressure is not '100mmHg plus age', but about 100mmHg throughout the lifecourse. Maximum recommended daily salt consumption levels of 5–6 g represent a pragmatic compromise between the current consumption levels of most countries and achievable short-term targets, not a target for normalization of consumption. Likewise, being 'non-hypertensive' in old age is much better than being 'hypertensive', but having a blood pressure well below the 140mmHg threshold will confer a substantial further survival advantage. The downside of re-defining normal in this way is that it means that almost the entire global population is eating more salt than required and has a blood pressure above the optimum – with some adverse consequence for vascular risk in most. Defining normal systolic blood pressure as about 100mmHg is also the reason why blood pressure is the greatest cause of premature death and disability in the world – small increments in risks for huge numbers producing an enormous total disease burden. The upside of this equation is the potential for prevention – almost the entire global population stands to gain from a reduced salt intake and a lower blood pressure. And the potential benefits from population-wide programmes targeting these exposures are therefore enormous. While the reductions in risk for most individuals will be fairly small, the accumulation of these small reductions across the entire community translates into very large numbers of events that could be averted. Furthermore, because centrally implemented programmes targeting salt in the food supply require


The problem of exactly generating a general random process (target process) by using another general random process (coin process) is studied. The performance of the interval algorithm, introduced by Han and Hoshi, is analyzed from the perspective of information spectrum approach. When either the coin process or the target process has one point spectrum, the asymptotic optimality of the interval algorithm among any random number generation algorithms is proved, which demonstrates utility of the interval algorithm beyond the ergodic process. Furthermore, the feasibility condition of exact random number generation is also elucidated. Finally, the obtained general results are illustrated by the case of generating a Markov process from another Markov process.


The marriage ceremony for the Batak Toba tribe is a bond between a man and a woman along with relatives of men and women. Through marriage ceremonies they can enter the dalihan na tolu system, carry out a life cycle, become adults and have the right to enter the Batak lineage (tarombo). Because of the importance of the meaning of the marriage ceremony, the Batak Toba people continue to carry out this tradition.
According to the tradition of the ancient people, the marriage ceremony was carried out simply by mutual cooperation. In accordance with its development, the marriage ceremony changed from simple to consumerism. Consumerism occurs in mindset, behavior and also matter. Consumer behavior is influenced by: globalization, lifestyle, popular culture and a lack of understanding of the meaning of the Batak Toba marriage ceremony.
The phenomenon of consumerism that occurs in the Batak Toba wedding ceremony is very complex because it follows a long procession at a high cost. Although the behavior of consumerism has long been a problem, but in reality they remain immersed in a culture of consumerism . The culture of consumerism on the one hand is a problem but on the other hand is an arena to achieve purpose of life.


�m 1 ). Bohnenblust-Hille inequality is also true for real Banach spaces with the constants Cm = 2 m 1 2 . In this note we show that an adequate use of a recent new proof of Bohnenblust-Hille inequality, due to Defant, Popa and Schwarting, combined with the optimal constants of Khinchine's inequality (due to Haagerup) provides quite better estimates for the constants involved in both real and complex Bohnenblust-Hille inequalities. For instance, in the real case, for 2 � m � 14; we show that the constants Cm = 2 m 1 2 can be replaced by


Using a method of singular perturbation, the theory of the rotating spherical electrode has been extended to include the correction terms for convective diffusion at small Schmidt numbers. The resulting rate equation expressed in the form of an asymptotic series permits a good approximation of the transfer rate for . Within this region the accuracy of the theory increases with increasing Schmidt numbers; the maximum error, occurring at , is less than 5%.


The aim of this project is to create a model of a Cooling Tower setup using COMSOL Multiphysics. Experiments are performed on the setup in order to provide data of the behaviour. The model is fitted to the data by estimate the models parameters. The parameter estimation is performed with MATLAB by connecting the programs using LiveLink, COMSOL 5.0 with MATLAB. The heat transport coefficient,h_g, is estimated from Onda´s method but to be able to adjust the coefficient it is multiplied with the term,n_hg.The term,n_hg, is estimated to 30.6 and this results in that heat transport coefficient varies between 14.5-15.7 kW/m2°C.

The model assumes that interface temperature is the wet bulb temperature. In reality is this temperature higher increases the humidity at the interface creating a greater gradient and therefore a bigger driving force. An increased driving force means that the heat transfer coefficient decrease. By adjusting the interface temperature the mass transfer coefficient can have a more correct value.

The simulation shows that the model has a more aggressive heat removal at lower liquid flow rates compared to the data. This could be a result of uneven distribution in the experiments while the model assumes prefect distribution.


Prediction of the output power of wind plants is of great significance for running a power system comprising large amount of wind generators. According to the prediction results, it is possible to determine the quotas of power generation in power generators and distribute resources in a scientific and reasonable way. In the past, the Grey Neural Network was widely applied in predicting wind power while it could hardly meet the engineering requirements due to the structure of ANN. The problem of slow convergence speed and large amount of iterations, especially in case of large scale data, would pose challenges to power prediction and the sensitivity of automatic control. This paper optimizes ANN model by applying conjugate gradient descent and creating Conjugated Gradient Neural Network (CGNN) in weights updating process. Experiments performed on different scale datasets have proved that the performance of CGNN improves substantially as the average iterations decreased by almost 90% without the sacrifice of prediction accuracy.


Robotics solutions properly sized with suitable modularized structure and well adapted to local conditions of dangerous unstructured areas can greatly improve the safety of personnel as well as the work efficiency, productivity and flexibility. In this sense, mobile systems equipped with manipulators for detecting and locating antipersonnel landmines are considered of most importance towards autonomous/semi-autonomous mine location in a proficient, reliable, safer and effective way. This paper reviews the most relevant literature and previous research activity regarding mobile robots and manipulators for humanitarian demining.


Calculations of nuclear quadrupolar spin–lattice relaxation times are presented. The expressions obtained for the first order Raman and anharmonic Raman processes are applicable to a pure nuclear quadrupole resonance investigation of the X nuclei in R2MX6 and RMX3 solids. On the basis of realistic assumptions it is shown that the anharmonic Raman process will provide the dominant relaxation mechanism for these nuclei in these compounds. The relation between the spin–lattice relaxation time and the lattice dynamics is obtained explicitly without recourse to an assumed form of lattice vibrational normal mode spectrum. In favorable cases it is shown that the spin–lattice relaxation times can be related to Brillouin zone averaged rotary mode frequencies which are useful for the analysis of experimental data.


Black spot, air bubble and scaling are usally produced during electroless nickel plating of computer hard disk drivers at the contact site with rack. Causes for the above mentioned defects were discussed. A rack vibration device has been designed to solve the problem.


Regional survey estimates and their significance levels are simultaneously displayed in maps that show all 3,141 U.S. counties and equivalents. An analyst can focus his attention on significant differences (or those with a different, low-valued uncertainty measure) for all but the very smallest counties. Differences between Census 2000 and the 2005 American Community Survey values are shown.


An examination of the available toxicological literature indicates that sulfur dioxide itself would be properly classified as a mild respiratory irritant, the main portion of which is absorbed in the upper respiratory tract. The reported industrial experience of symptoms of mild chronic respiratory irritation from exposures at or above 5 ppm is compatible with what would have been predicted on the basis of available toxicological data. The basic physiological response to inhalation of pure SO2 appears to be a mild degree of bronchoconstriction reflected in a measurable increase in flow resistance. Although the response is highly variable, most individuals tested have responded to 5 ppm and levels of 5 to 10 ppm have upon occasion produced severe bronchospasm in sensitive individuals. This serves to point up the fact that experience with the industrial Threshold Limit Value (5 ppm) is not applicable as a guide for the general population. Although the majority of individuals tested have shown no detectable ...


The compression sampling scheme is realized, in which sparseness processing is realized in this theme employing wavelet transform; standard pseudo-random number matrix of uniformly distributed sequences and two dimensional central Fourier transform are used for generating random measurement matrix, and algorithm of subsection orthogonal matching pursuit is used for sampling data reconstruction. Influence of wavelet basis and threshold strategy on quality of reconstructed image is researched and elaborate description of the experiment result is provided. The experiment data of this paper provides strong support to optimization of wavelet basis and strategy of threshold selection.


The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of radiation for bulk CH3NH3PbBr3 crystals was quantified by using omnidirectional photoluminescence spectroscopy. The angle-resolved photoluminescence revealed that the emission with photon energies higher than the absorption-edge shows a Lambertian distribution and that the light extraction efficiency is determined by the escaping cone. The IQE value strongly depends on the photo-excitation density (P), and a CH3NH3PbBr3 crystal fabricated under the methylammonium-rich conditions gave the maximum IQE of 62.5% under P = 28 W/cm2. A further increase in P gave rise to the decrease in IQE due to the Auger effects.The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of radiation for bulk CH3NH3PbBr3 crystals was quantified by using omnidirectional photoluminescence spectroscopy. The angle-resolved photoluminescence revealed that the emission with photon energies higher than the absorption-edge shows a Lambertian distribution and that the light extraction efficiency is determined by the escaping cone. The IQE value strongly depends on the photo-excitation density (P), and a CH3NH3PbBr3 crystal fabricated under the methylammonium-rich conditions gave the maximum IQE of 62.5% under P = 28 W/cm2. A further increase in P gave rise to the decrease in IQE due to the Auger effects.


A Langevin equation for charged particles in a plasma with ion-acoustic turbulence is developed from first principles in consistency with kinetic theory.


Near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) are newly emergent broadband light sources for miniaturizing optical systems like spectrometers. However, traditional converters with NIR phosphors encapsulated by organic resins suffer from low external quantum efficiency (EQE), strong thermal quenching as well as low thermal conductivity, thus limiting the device efficiency and output power. Through pressureless crystallization from the designed aluminosilicate glasses, here broadband Near‐infrared (NIR) emitting translucent ceramics are developed with high EQE (59.5%) and excellent thermal stability (<10% intensity loss and negligible variation of emission profile at 150 °C) to serve as all‐inorganic visible‐to‐NIR converters. A high‐performance NIR phosphor‐converted light emitting diodes is further demonstrated with a record NIR photoelectric efficiency (output power) of 21.2% (62.6 mW) at 100 mA and a luminescence saturation threshold up to 184 W cm−2. The results can substantially expand the applications of pc‐LEDs, and may open up new opportunity to design efficient broadband emitting materials.


Method for the production of a chemically bound ceramic material by means of reaction between a binding phase of one or more powdered binding agents and a liquid reacting with these binding agents, a quantity of powder containing said binding phase being suspended in said liquid so that all powder grains are brought into close contact with the liquid, whereupon the slurry thus obtained is drained so that the majority of surplus reacting liquid is removed, and is compacted during final draining, before the material is permitted to harden by reaction between said binding phase and the remaining liquid. One or more expansion-compensating additives, adapted to give the material dimensionally stable long-term properties, are mixed into said powder, prior to or in conjunction with its suspension in the liquid. The invention also relates to the product of the method.


Mustard is one of the most important oilseed crop grown under a wide range of agroclimatic conditions in India. The crop is damaged by various biotic and abiotic stresses. The weather conditions during December and January are the most congenial for outbreak of powdery mildew, which has been a limiting factor for successful cultivation of mustard. Dange et al., (2002) reported 17 per cent yield loss due to this disease in mustard in Gujarat. Weather parameters such as temperature and relative humidity play an important role in disease development (Gadre et al., 2002; Desai et al., 2004 and Kohire et al., 2008). However, scanty information is available on the epidemiological aspects of this disease under north Saurashtra agroclimatic conditions where the crop is cultivated during rabi season with limited irrigation. The crop is mainly affected by powdery mildew causing considerable losses in terms of both quality and quantity. Hence, the present investigation was carried out to determine the influence of meteorological parameters on the development of disease.


Summary:  Purpose: There is wide variation in the reported prognosis after a first unprovoked generalized tonic‐clonic convulsion and in the risk factors that are associated with recurrence. Estimates for the risk of recurrence range from 26 to 71%. We investigated the likelihood of a second attack in Hong Kong Chinese patients.


Gaps between academic writers and the concerns of Indian communities continue, but the academics are catching up and catching on. As William Apess, Sarah Winnemucca, and others attest, the struggle to be sovereign can continue amid exploitation and brutal conquest and can take place in an infi nite number of settings. Indigenous aspirations to autonomy and sovereignty— whether expressed by communities or individuals and whether they appear in the public arena or in private life— deserve careful scrutiny. Attending to those aspirations moves us closer to speaking for indigenous people while reducing the chances that when speaking about them we will be telling our own story and not theirs.


A Primer of Immunology F. A. 'VARD tsutteru-orth, London Pp, J:lO + xiv. Price {2 10. This excellent little book will appeal to all mcm bers of the medical profession from 1st year students to senior consultants; indeed, it will prove helpful to all who are conccrncd with the subject of inuuunology, for this "primer" embraces not only problems of purl' immunology but also iuununological aspects of microbiology, hacmatologv and the rest of pathology. (The only part of the book which the reviewer did not like was the introduction in pp. ix-xiv, which also contains a few misprints, e.g. humeral, Prontasil.) The content of the book proper is well laid Ollt and there are numerous sensible diagrams, The first G chapters deal with basic iuununology. This is followed by a chapter on immunological respouses which are divided rather uncouvcntiouallv into 3: "Type I response Delayed I l ypcrscnsit ivity" which refers to the responses to toxoids and attenuated viruses and to isoantibody A and II ami Rhesus reactions; "Type 2 response Immediate Hypersensitivity" and "Type 3 Delayed Hypersensitivity". In the context the 2 different types of delayed hypersensitivity are confusing, especially as the author, in discnssing his Typc-l response, says "this must not be confused with delayed hypersensitivity". The chapter on disease of the immunological apparatus might have been expanded but obviously in a short book a great deal of selection is required. The chapters on Iuuucdiate Hypersensitivity and delayed hypersensit ivit v and allergy are concise and well written. It is of value for the non-hacmutologist to find a comprehensive discussion of iunnuuohacmatology (Chapter II). of inllnunolog)' in blood transfusion (Chapter 12) and of inatcrnofetal incompatibility (Chapter I :1). These chapters are followed by a short review of the "autoiuuuune" conditions which for good reasons the author prefers to call "autoallergic diseases". The penultimate chapters deal with immunology in the diagnosis of disease and of its prevention (How rightly the author notes. as far as diagnosis is concerned, that "Every practitioner. .. would do well to visit his local laboratory, make himself acquainted with the service it offers and its requirements in regard to the collection of specimens"). The last chapter consists of a series of test questions on each chapter. The pure immunologist may find things in this book which he docs not like, but for the student and for all practitioners of medicine this is a gl)od buy and it can be highly rccommended for undergraduate students and graduates, and for colleagues in all branches of medicine including pathology. G. DICK


Football optional courses are important for students to broaden their vision,cultivate their interest and improve their skills of football.To arouse the students interest and improve their skills,they should get themselves familiarized with the features of football and learn to control the ball.There should be more time for them to practice,simulating and recycling practice should be given as much as possible.


Background: The duration of orthodontic treatment is one of the most important aspects considered by patients. Photobiomodulation (PBM) depends upon the exposure of the tissue to particular, therapeutic wavelengths of light in the "therapeutic window" (from 600 to 1200 nm). PBM increases cell metabolism, which leads to higher ATP production. Increasing the amount of ATP in well-vascularized bone cells promotes cell proliferation and differentiation, creating a favorable environment for tooth movement. Objective: The aim of the study is to discuss and compare the use of PBM in accelerating the orthodontic movement and reducing the time of treatment. Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted. Literature searches were performed using Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus (from September 13 to September 20, 2019). The quality assessment was performed using the Jadad scale for reporting randomized controlled trials for randomized clinical trial and randomized control clinical trial studies, and the Newcastle/Ottawa Quality Assessment Form for case/control studies. Results: Thirty-three articles from PubMed, 46 from Scopus, 5 from Web of Science were selected. After removal of duplicates, 82 articles were analyzed. Subsequently, 74 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The remaining eight articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Conclusions and summary: PBM is an efficient, effective, and noninvasive method to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. PBM should be introduced into the daily practice of treating various malocclusions as an additional procedure. Intraoral application gives better results and its introduction to treatment seems more reasonable.


ALCOHOL AND ACQUAINTANCE RAPE: HOW AND WHY ARE THEY LINKED? Antonia Abbey, Pam McAuslan & Tina Zewaski, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. Approximately one-quarter of women have experienced some type of sexual assault (Kanin, 1985; Koss et al., 1987; Muehlenhard & Linton, 1987; Russell, 1982). At least half of these sexual assaults involve alcohol consumption by the perpetrator, the victim, or both. Although the co-occurrence of alcohol and sexual assault has been described by many researchers, little is known about how and why they are linked. Abbey and her colleagues (1991; 1994; 1996) have been developing a model to explain alcohol's role in sexual assaults which occur among acquaintances during social interactions. Gender differences in beliefs and experiences with dating, sexuality, and alcohol are hypothesized to increase the likelihood that a man misperceives a female companion's sexual intentions, and that this misperception leads to sexual assault. This model of alcohol's role in sexual assault is not intended to explain all types of sexual assault (e.g., not relevant to stranger assaults) or all causes of sexual assault (e.g., perpetrator's childhood experiences). ALCOHOL, DRUGS AND VIOLENCE, Deborah A. Dawson, Ph.D., National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. In a representative U.S. sample of 18,352 current drinkers 18 years of age and over, past-year alcohol or other drug-related fighting and suicide attempt/ideation both showed strong positive bivariate associations with volume of alcohol intake, proportion of drinking days resulting in intoxication (the intoxication index) and past-year drug use, especially multiple drug use. After adjusting for potential confounders in a series of multiple logistic regression models, average daily ethanol intake retained a significant positive association with the odds of alcohol and other drug-related fighting, as did the intoxication index -except among drinkers who used marijuana only (i.e., no other drugs). The odds of this outcome also were increased by use of simulants or cocaine only, use of multiple drugs and use of marijuana -the latter primarily among women. The odds of past-year suicide attempt/ideation were positively associated with the intoxication index but were not significantly associated with average daily ethanol intake. The only two classes of drug use associated with this outcome were sedatives/tranquilizers only and multiple drugs. Because drug use was positively associated with alcohol use, models restricted to only alcohol or only drug use measures overestimated some of their associations with the two outcome measures. Simultaneous use of alcohol and drugs was not significantly associated with the odds of either of the outcomes considered in this analysis, but the data were suggestive of a positive effect of simultaneous use on alcohol and drug-related fighting. COURTSHIP, DATING AND DRINKING FROM A MALE PERSPECTIVE: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ISSUES, Jackie Ferris, BBM Bureau of Management, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. THE BIPHASIC EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL METABOLISM ON HUMAN AGGRESSION, Peter R. Giancola, Amos Zeichner & Christopher S. Martin, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213-2593. The purpose of this study was to assess the biphasic effects of alcohol metabolism on human aggression. Subsequent to the ingestion of an acute dose of alcohol, the Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) curve follows a biphasic trajectory characterized by an ascending followed by a descending limb reflecting alcohol absorption and elimination. Sixty male social drinkers were assigned to one of four groups: Alcohol Ascending Limb (AAL), Alcohol Descending Limb (ADL), Control Ascending Limb (CAL), and Control Descending Limb (CDL). Aggression was assessed in the AAL and ADL groups at respective ascending or descending BACs of 0.08%. Each participant in the CAL and the CDL group was respectively yoked with a participant in either the AAL or the ADL group to control for the longer period of time needed to reach a BAC of 0.08% on the descending limb compared to the ascending limb (passage of time effect). Aggression was measured using a modified version of the Taylor aggression paradigm in which electric shocks were received from and administered to a fictitious opponent during a competitive task. Aggression was operationalized as the intensity and duration of the shocks selected. Results demonstrated that the AAL group was more aggressive than the ADL group. There were no differences between the ADL group and the control groups suggesting that alcohol does not appear to increase aggression on the descending limb. Finally, the control groups did not differ in aggression thus ruling out a passage of time effect. These results indicate that aggression may be selective to the ascending limb of the BAC curve, therefore suggesting that a particular BAC may not be as important in predicting aggression as is the limb upon which it is measured. The findings are discussed with respect to their methodological and conceptual implications for past and future research. Moreover, a hypothetical etiological framework of intoxicated aggression is also presented. ALCOHOL-RELATED VIOLENCE AND PROBLEMS IN SPECIAL OCCASION PERMITS VENUES, Louis Gliksman, Margaret Rylett & Ronald Douglas, Addiction Research Foundation, Social Evaluation and Research Department, 100 Collip Circle, Suite 200, London, Ontario N6G 4X8. This study will report on the prevalence of alcohol-related incidents of violence and other problems in municipal facilities which issue special occasion permits that permit the sale and/or use of alcohol for a specific function and for a limited amount of time. Municipalities rent their facilities in order to generate revenue and to provide a venue to the residents of the community for special functions. Associated with these events are often a whole host of problems with which the managers of these facilities and municipal politicians have to deal. These problems include the drinking and driving, vandalism, fights, the use of police personnel to intervene in such incidents, and so on. In addition, the presentation will describe an intervention, Municipal Alcohol Policies (MAP), which seeks to address and redress these problems through the development and implementation of alcohol policies with which renters are intended to comply. A description of the program and the impact that this intervention has had on these problems in facilities of municipalitiewhich hve adopted specific policies will be provided as well. APPLYING THEORIES OF ALCOHOL-RELATED AGGRESSION TO NATURALLY-OCCURRING INCIDENTS, Kathryn Graham, Samantha Wells & Paulette West, Addiction Research Foundation. Many theories have been proposed to explain the relationship between alcohol intoxication and of aggressive behavior. Explanations have been based on characteristics of the drinker, aspects of the drinking situation, specific effects of alcohol, and interactions among these factors. Evaluations of specific hypotheses or theories have found some support for a number of those proposed. Given the wide range of explanations for which support has been found, it seems exceedingly unlikely that a single theory or explanation will account for alcohol-related aggression. Instead, there are probably multiple causes of such behavior. Some causes may interact and some may be systematically related to specific types of aggression. In order to address the question "What causes intoxicated aggressive behavior?" as opposed to the question usually posed, namely "Does x or y cause intoxicated aggressive behavior?", theories need to be translated into behavioral criteria. This paper reviews explanations of alcohol-related aggression. For each theory, where possible, behavioral criteria will be identified that can be used for assessing the extent that any particular instance of naturally-occurring alcohol-related aggression can be attributed to one or more hypothesized explanations. THE IMPACT OF DRINKING-IN-THE-EVENT ON THE lIKELIHOOD OF PHYSICAL ASSAULT PERPETRATION AND VICTIMIZATION, Kathryn D. Scott, John Schafer & Thomas K. Greenfield. The influence of drinking-in-the-event on the odds of physical assault perpetration and victimization was examined utilizing data collected for the 1990 U.S. National Alcohol Survey (N=2,058). This national survey was the first study to collect crime and victimization data as well as in-depth alcohol consumption measures. Extending the investigators' previous research, which showed lifetime drinking history and impulsivity to be associated with physical assault perpetration and vitimization, the present study found that drinking-in-the-event is more strongly associated with physical assaults than most of the other social, personality, or drinking history characteristics. A drinking perpetrator was most likely to report attacking another person who had been drinking, and drinking victims were most likely to be male and report that their attacker also had been drinking. Women who had ever been married were most likely to report, although nonsignificantly (p=.09), that they were drinking when attacked; however, the drinking status of the perpetrator was not associated with somen's victimization. The discussion focuses on the need for further contextual information in order to develop effective prevention strategies. COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE AND THE INHIBITION OF ALCOHOL-INDUCED AGGRESSION, P.N.S. Hoaken, J.M. Assaad & R.O. Pihl, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. This study considers the effects of cognitive performance, alcohol, and inhibition on aggressive responding. 43 males, aged 18-30, selected on the basis of high performance on a neuropsychological "executive" test, competed in a modified version of the Taylor Aggression Task. Half the subjec


The objective of the current study is to investigate the genotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agent mitomycin C in the male albino mice using mutagenicity and molecular assays. Mice were divided into five groups. The first group served as control while the other four groups were treated with mitomycin C. animals of group 2 and group 3 were intraperitoneally injected only in the first day of experiment with mitomycin C 3 mg/Kg body weight for one and two weeks respectively. While, animals of group 4 and group 5 were intraperitoneally injected only in the first day of experiment with mitomycin C 6 mg/Kg body weight for one and two weeks respectively. Treatment with mitomycin C to male mouse induced structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations. Structural aberrations were centromeric attenuation, gap, fragment, deletion, ring and centric fusion. While, numerical aberrations were polyploidy. Chromosomal aberrations were significantly increased by time and dose. In micronucleus assay the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) and ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes/normochromatic erythrocytes (PCEs/NCEs) was significantly increased by dose depend. However, the random amplified polymorphism of DNA (RAPD) showed clear variation between treated and non-treated animals against mitomycin C treatment. The results of the current study stated that mitomycin C treatment has profound deleterious impacts on the chromosomes and DNA content of male albino mice.


The present invention to the polyester and polyether sound absorbing board is a thermoplastic staple fibers of propylene according to the sound-absorbing board manufacture is used as the main raw material, by using the fiber etchant for in order to give a sense of aesthetics to the outer shape of the product etching process finishes that, by more particularly to an etching process using a gravure roll silk screen or in a relatively simple repeating pattern engraved (roll) such as manufactured so that the various kinds of patterns in the sound-absorbing board in the plane can be etched on, having a sound absorbing board in the plane is not to give a three-dimensional texture, heupeumryeok also relates to improved sound-absorbing board with dignity. In the etching process, have different forms patterns in accordance with the pattern silk-screen geometry, and in accordance with the change of the depth of etching according to the etching condition, it becomes possible to produce a sound-absorbing board of the three-dimensional structure, the pattern according to the installation site and this form of implementation and possible, not only can satisfy the various needs of customers, and can be adjusted, such as reverberation time and Absorption Coefficient is possible that the cost of space, sound engineering design affordable to the existing buildings. Sound absorbing board, thermoplastic monofilament, etching, sound-engineering


This article, based on analysis of archival and published sources, reveals the evolution of the national training system of Kabardino-Balkaria in the Soviet modernization and implementation of training programs for the party and Soviet workers in the country.


Abstract:In 2017, two students at St. Francis Xavier University were arrested on charges of sexual violence. In support of student survivors, Theatre Antigonish staged the feminist collective piece This is For You, Anna in 2018, which I was privileged to direct. This article focuses on how the on-campus production and audience responded to acts of gender-based violence. In directing This is For You, Anna, I spoke with Banuta Rubess (one of the playwrights), facilitated workshops for the actors on gender-based violence, updated the script to reflect current cases and the #MeToo movement, shared resources for survivors at the production, and organized a panel to accompany each performance. In examining the St. Francis Xavier University production and creation process, this article asks, what can theatre do for student survivors? How can theatre enact change on campus?


Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory skin disease which is often seen in middle ages and affects the skin, mucous membranes, nails and scalp. Etiology is not clear and there are different clinical types of the disease which are named according to localization, distribution and morphological characteristics of the lesion. Linear lichen planus (LLP) is a rare variant of LP that is characterized by lichenoid, pruritic, violaceous papules, arranging in a linear pattern. Unilateral linear strip-like or segmental lesions follow the lines of Blaschko but does not demonstrate dermatomal distribution. Lichen striatus, linear lichen nitidus, inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus, linear psoriasis, lichen simplex chronicus, incontinensia pigments, linear contact dermatitis can be considered in differential diagnosis. In this case, a case of 24 year-old woman with lesions on left arm is presented and differential diagnosis of this rare clinical form is discussed.


ObjectiveTo compare the therapeutic effects and side effects of citalopram and amitriptyline in the treatment of senile depression.MethodsSeventy-two patients confirmed to CCMD-3 standards were randomized evenly to citalopram group and amitriptyline group.They were given citalopram or amitriptyline for eight weeks.The therapeutic effects and side effects were evaluated by HAMD,HAMA and TESS.ResultsCitalopram showed better therapeutic effects(u_c =1.81,P0.05) and less side effects than amitriptyline(t=5.01-15.91;P0.05,0.01).ConclusionCitalopram is an effective and safe antidepressant in the treatment of the aged depression.


The rise of Artificial Intelligence is the cause of the sluggishness of human race in using their intelligence. But as we have known that humans are using the intelligence to build the machines which work on their own understanding.  In this paper, a deep analysis is done on the sectors where artificial intelligence has overtaken the power that once was held by human bodies. Humans have become the slaves of their own inventions. Keywords :      Sluggishness, sectors, overpowered, machines, slaves, inventions, intelligence.


The finite sample performance of a nearest neighbor classifier is analyzed for a two-class pattern recognition problem. An exact integral expression is derived for the m-sample risk R/sub m/ given that a reference m-sample of labeled points, drawn independently from Euclidean n-space according to a fixed probability distribution, is available to the classifier. For a family of smooth distributions characterized by asymptotic expansions in general form, it is shown that the m-sample risk R/sub m/ has a complete asymptotic series expansion R/sub m/ ~ R/spl infin/ + /spl Sigma//sup /spl infin///sub k=1/ ckm/sup -k/n/ (m - /spl infin/) where R/spl infin/ denotes the nearest neighbor risk in the infinite-sample limit. Improvements in convergence rate are shown under stronger smoothness assumptions, and in particular, R/sub m/ = R/spl infin/ + O(m/sup -2/n/) if the class-conditional probability densities have uniformly bounded third derivatives on their probability one support. This analysis thus provides further analytic validation of Bellman's curse of dimensionality. Numerical simulations corroborating the formal results are included, and extensions of the theory discussed. The analysis also contains a novel application of Laplace's asymptotic method of integration to a multidimensional integral where the integrand attains its maximum on a continuum of points.


A large amount of research and scholarship has focused on the college and university choice factors of potential student-athletes. The aforementioned research, however, is disproportionately conducted using male or large revenue-generating sport participants. Kankey and Quarterman (2007) addressed these biases by developing a questionnaire and conducting research centered on Division I softball players in Ohio regarding the factors that influenced their college or university choice. Additionally, Kankey and Quarterman advocated more research utilizing different athlete populations to further analyze college and university choice factors among student athletes. As a result, the purpose of this research is to apply Kankey and Quarterman's (2007) questionnaire to community college softball players in an attempt to determine: What factors are important to community college softball players when deciding to attend their present school? Statistical analyses indicate the most important choice factor to be head c...


This paper describes the development of competitive renewable energy zones (CREZ) in Texas from a transmission-planning perspective. The need for the CREZ designation process is described, as are the transmission planning studies, both completed and ongoing, that define the cost and benefits of options for developing additional transmission capacity.


Development of small and medium-sized enterprises has played an important role in our economy. However, the difficulty in financing still has not been solved satisfactorily. This paper analyses main causes and puts forward corresponding countermeasures in order to succeed in solving problem in financing.


The author discusses the significance and potential pitfalls in performing a meta‐analysis underscoring the importance of a usual forgotten issue in meta‐analysis called clinical heterogeneity. Clinical heterogeneity can mislead results and misinform clinicians. Practical examples from the literature are given, and the results of meta‐analyses are compared with the results of subsequent large randomised clinical trials addressing similar questions from a historical and contemporary point of view, highlighting clinical heterogeneity. The contemporary aspect culminates with the presentation of a meta‐analysis evaluating myocardial cell regeneration with an emphasis in clinical heterogeneity, helping clinicians to understand the issue and better appraise future meta‐analyses.


In this paper,a text extraction algorithm for background images is proposed based on a two-dimensional wavelet transform.In this algorithm,first,a two-dimensional wavelet transform is made from the image and a sliding window is set up to scan the high-frequency sub-band.Then the features of wavelet textures in the image are evaluated,and k-means cluster algorithm used to classify the image into text area,simple background area and complex background area.Finally morphological operations are performed on the text area to accurately locate it.Experimental results show that the algorithm can precisely extract text information from background images regardless of language,font,size,and arranging modes.


A new species, previously misidentified in museum collections and the literature as E. jagorii, is described. All specimens of the new taxon with specific locality data are from the vicinity of metropolitan Bangkok. It can be distinguished from other Enhydris with 21-23 scale rows at mid-body by the presence of 21 scale rows on the neck, 110-122 ventrals, and a distinctive pattern of small dorsal spots.


The authors have developed a two-dimensional model for the extension and flexure response of electroelastic plates under biasing fields in a curvilinear coordinate system. Applications of the model in analyzing buckling of two circular piezoelectric plates, one single-layered and the other double-layered, are included. The analysis indicates that the piezoelectric coupling has a strengthening effect against buckling.


ABSTRACT Geometric buffers are important for spatial analysis in many applications of geographic information systems (GISs), such as environmental measurement and management, human health, urban planning, etc. Geometric buffer generation algorithms are well studied in the Euclidean space where the buffer distance is measured by Euclidean metrics; however, very few algorithms are available for generating geometric buffers on the terrain surface in a virtual globe where the buffer distance is measured by geodesic metrics. This paper proposes a tile-based method for geodesic buffer generation according to the characteristics of a virtual globe. It extends the vector tile model (VTM) to organize terrain and vector data, and the XYH algorithm is improved to build geodesic distance fields for terrain meshes. Based on the data organization and the improved XYH algorithm, a geodesic buffer is generated via three main steps: selecting and assembling tiles, updating geodesic distance fields and tracing the boundaries of buffer zones. This method is implemented with multi-scale terrain and vector data, and the experimental results show that it is valid and exact and can be applied in practical applications.


The dependence of function renormalization group equation on regulators is investigated. A parameter is introduced to control the suppression of regulators. Functional renormalization group equations will become regulator-independent if this newly introduced parameter is sent to infinity in the end of calculation. One-loop renormalization flow equations of QCD are derived. The novelty is that both the coupling running equation and the mass running equation are mass-dependent. Different flow patterns are explored. A mechanism for non-occurrence of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking is arrived at. The existence of a conformal window is also discussed in the language of renormalization flow.


This paper describes results about the development of a repeatable and configurable robotic finger designed to pluck harp strings. Eventually, this device will be a tool to study string instruments in playing conditions. We use a classical robot with two degrees of freedom enhanced with silicone fingertips. The validation method requires a comparison with real harpist performance. A specific experimental setup using a high-speed camera combined with an accelerometer was carried out. It provides finger and string trajectories during the whole plucking action and the soundboard vibrations during the string oscillations. A set of vibrational features are then extracted from these signals to compare robotic finger to harpist plucking actions. These descriptors have been analyzed on six fingertips of various shapes and hardnesses. Results allow to select the optimal shape and hardness among the silicone fingertips according to vibrational features.


Death by suicide has been a growing problem among teenage and young adult males over the last 2 decades. The tendency for such suicides to occur in clusters (serial suicides related in time and space, and etiologically related through the process of imitation) has concurrently increased. The general characteristics of adolescent suicide are reviewed here, as are the special characteristics of cluster suicide, and the culturally specific patterns of suicide among Indian people. A suicide cluster among teenage and young adult males of a Plains Indian tribe is described, and clinical implications for intervention strategies during a suicide cluster are discussed. General Characteristics of Adolescent Suicide Over the past 30 years, suicide has become an increasingly serious problem among American children and adolescents. Suicide is now the third most common cause of death among people between the ages of 15 and 24, and suicide rates have approximately tripled in the last 30 years. By the year 1980, more that 5,000 teenage suicides were occurring annually, and the suicide rate among individuals in the 15-24 year age group was in excess of 12 per 100,000. This trend toward increases in both base rate and absolute number of suicides has continued into the 1980s. The greatest increase in completed suicides has occurred among young White males; the suicide rate for females has not increased significantly and suicide rates among those older than 30 years of age have declined somewhat in the same period of time (Centers for Disease Control, 1986; Shaffer & Fisher, 1981). Despite the growing magnitude of the problem, "there is a lack of systematic research on completed suicide in childhood and adolescence" (Shafii, Carrigan, Whittinghill, & Derrick, 1985). Shaffer concurs as he states, "published reports on successful suicide in childhood mainly take the form of commentaries on official statistics, with emphasis on age and sex characteristics and suicidal method" (Shaffer, 1974). While the literature is replete with data concerning suicidal ideation and incomplete suicides among adolescents, only a few investigators have followed the perspective of Robins, Murphy, Wilkinson, Gassner, and Kayes (1959) who first pointed out that only a study of nonselected consecutive suicides could evaluate for premorbid characteristics that might be helpful in predicting suicide (Amir, 1973; Jan-Tausch, 1964; Sathyavathi, 1975; Schaffer, 1974; Shafii et al., 1985). The findings derived from the majority of these studies have served to further the understanding of the demographic-diagnostic profile(s) of the victims, and have focused largely on life events, personality characteristics, and family circumstances which were juxtaposed in time to the suicides. AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 1(3), MARCH, 1988, pp. 26-35. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Copyright: Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health Colorado School of Public Health/University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (www.ucdenver.edu/caianh) 27 DONALD W. BECHTOLD Findings of commonality among adolescent suicide victims have included Shaffer's observation of physical and intellectual developmental precocity in early adolescent suicide victims (1974), and in the life-experience familiarity with the phenomenon of suicide itself (Shaffer, 1974; Shafii et al., 1985). Rotheram (1987) listed "male sex, a (one) past attempt with a method other than ingestion, more than one previous attempt (any method), a history of antisocial behavior, having a close friend who committed suicide or a family member who attempted suicide, frequent drug and alcohol use, depression, and incompatibility with the social environment" as statistically based factors which make a clinical prediction regarding suicide. Special Characteristics of Adolescent Suicide: The Phenomenon of Clustering Concurrent with the increase in the base rate of adolescent suicide has been the observation of its increasing tendency to occur in clusters, which have been defined as any series containing more than three deaths, closely associated in space and time (Coleman, 1986). Since 1966, clusters have been reported among adolescents in such geographically and socioculturally varied locales as Berkeley, California; Fairfax County, Virginia; Cheyenne, Wyoming; Groveport, Ohio; Plano, Texas; Clear Lake, Texas; Westchester, Rockland, and Putnam Counties, New York; Leominster, Massachusetts; Lewis and Clark Counties, Montana; Wind River Reservation, Wyoming; Tokyo, Japan; Mankato, Minnesota; Omaha, Nebraska; Jefferson County, Colorado; Spencer, Massachusetts; and Union County, South Dakota. A recent and well-publicized example of a cluster of teenage suicides was precipitated when four teenagers asphyxiated themselves in a Bergenfield, New Jersey garage. In the ensuing 9 days, 10 more teenagers (7 in Illinois, one each in Nebraska, New Jersey, and Washington) committed suicide by similar means. Shortly thereafter, two other teenagers attempted suicide by the same means in the same Bergenfield garage where it all began. Within 2 weeks of the original Bergenfield deaths, 22 teenage suicides by similar means had occurred nationwide (Coleman, 1987). While much remains to be learned about the phenomenon of cluster suicides, two important factors are apparent at the present time. First, the phenomenon is largely limited to adolescents (adult suicide clusters have not been prominent in recent history) and that in spite of the 4:1 preponderance of the male to female suicide ratio, clustering appears more strongly among females than among males (Phillips & Carstensen, 1986). Second is that imitative behavior appears to be a major link between serial suicides in a cluster and that the process of imitation may be spurred either by personal knowledge in a relatively closed community or by media coverage across a large segment of the population. Teenage suicides have been shown to increase and cluster after television news stories American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Copyright: Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health Colorado School of Public Health/University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (www.ucdenver.edu/caianh) CLUSTER SUICIDE IN AMERICAN INDIAN ADOLESCENTS 28 about suicide, television soap opera suicide stories, television movies which dramatize suicide, and front-page newspaper reports of suicide (Gould & Shaffer, 1986; Phillips, 1979, 1982; Phillips & Carstensen, 1986). Significant increases in single-car auto fatalities following media coverage of suicide have been demonstrated as well (Phillips, 1979, 1982). Even though the link between imitative clusters of adolescent suicides following fictional television movie dramatizations of suicide has recently failed to replicate in a different geographic locale (Phillips & Paight, 1987), the relationship between nonfictional media coverage of suicide and imitative adolescent suicides appears largely irrefutable. Culturally Specific Patterns of American Indian Adolescent Suicide Most of the review of the current understandings of adolescent suicide described above has been derived across cultures, or in cultures largely distinct from American Indian communities. In considering the culturally distinct subset of American Indian adolescent suicide completers, several factors must be considered. While overall suicide rates among American Indians remain high, there is great variation based on gender, age, socioeconomic status, and geographic and tribal-specific factors. Foulks and Wintrob (1987) provide a useful overview of these cultural specificities across tribes spanning the entire United States. Peters (1981) reviewed the medical, psychological, and anthropological literature on suicidal behavior of American Indians, Canadian Natives, and Alaska Natives. Shore (1975) cited tribal-specific annual suicide rates ranging from 8 to 120 per 100,000 and argued against the stereotype of "the suicidal Indian." The age-specific pattern of suicide among American Indians is especially important when the population in question is reduced to the adolescent subset. Contrary to age-specific rates for "all races" which peak in the 55-64 age range, suicide rates for American Indians peak in the 15-24 age range at which 7 time the American Indian rate is several times greater than the national rate s.—(Ogden, Spector, & Hill, 1970). Regarding gender specificity, Ogden et al. further described the male predominance of suicide among American Indians to exceed the male predominance of suicide across all subsets of the population as a whole. While there is an extensive and growing literature on American Indian suicide, less has been done specific to the adolescent subset of this population, especially in terms of systematic and controlled research regarding completed suicide. Studies to date have been largely descriptive, demographic, and epidemiologic. Shore, Bopp, Waller, and Dawes (1972) and Dizmang, Watson, May, and Bopp (1974) in describing a common database of completed adolescent suicide over an 8-year period of time on a Pacific Northwest Indian reservation found the suicide group to be differentiated from the control group by several factors related to an American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Copyright: Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health Colorado School of Public Health/University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (www.ucdenver.edu/caianh) 29 DONALD W. BECHTOLD unstable home environment and greater instability of family relationships. Blanchard, Blanchard, and Roll (1976) presented a single case study of completed adolescent suicide in a Southwestern Indian tribe in the style of a psychological autopsy. Miller (1979) described an epidemiologic study of completed suicides on a Southwestern Indian reservation in which the modal suicide victim was found to be a male under t


Returning Home,the masterpiece of Tao Yuanming,brings about a great many harmonizing and imitating works in later times,among which the most particular one is Harmonizing Rhymes of Returning Home by Mrs. XU(1753—1823) in Korea.As such a theme is often adopted by male writers for reflecting their official experiences,ancient women who are away from official careers seldom try this topic.While yearning for seclusion,Mrs.XU keeps faith to human ethics,which makes her picture of returning home pure,fresh,warm and affectionate.This demonstrates her uniqueness in learning from Tao.As a foreign woman,Mrs.XU harmonizes seclusion thought with the thought of well governing and protecting the country.In this way,a fusion of Confucianism and Taoism in daily life emerges.This paper tends to put Mrs.XU in the context of Sino-Korean women and seclusion culture,and illustrates the broadness of the thought space for women to elaborate on values of seclusion.


The information system of coal industry based on TD-SCDMA techniques is studied.Considering the demands and features of information-based development in coal industry,and taking advantage of all technological superiority in the internet of things and TD-SCDMA,the solution for the convergence of informatization and industrialization about accurate location,multimedia scheduling and safety production for coal industry is proposed,which gives a firm protection to the safety in coal mine production and various monitor services.


Abstract : In sera from patients with acute food poisoning (Staphylococcus aureus), changes in the bilirubin, aldolase, lipoprotein, and protein content were found. A functional disturbance of the liver is discussed as cause of the changes described. (Author)


ABSTRACT Emerging market countries are characterized by weaknesses in institutions, infrastructure, and other public resources to support business. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) typically endure limited private resources. Despite such deficiencies, emerging-market SMEs are participating increasingly in international business. The authors examine orientations and strategies that engender superior international performance among SMEs from emerging markets. They develop and test a model using a large dataset of Chinese SMEs to examine the antecedent roles of market culture, international orientation, and international marketing strategy. Findings point to these constructs as significant drivers of international performance. Implications for scholarship and practice are offered.


With the methods of literature investigation,illustrational analysis,sample analysis of data of sports history,literature reviews,degree papers of some related sports mass organizations published in Lists of Chinese Sports Magazines,as well as some important projects of State Sports General Administration,the paper analyzes the amount,sorts of published papers,the numbers and resources of the researchers.It recites the main investigating fields and opinions and provides the thinking of sports leagues′ furthur research of China.


The essays collected here explore the theme of masculinities across a diverse, international range of media forms, including Chinese reality television, Danish advertisements, US and South African cinema, and transnational hashtags. This is followed by a review essay of three contemporary books focusing on masculinity in relation to television. We conclude the section with a book review on masculinity and stardom.


According to Oscar Wilde a second marriage is the triumph of hope over experience. David Cameron and Andrew Lansley have lots of hope but not much experience. The first of April 2011 marks the 37th anniversary of the first NHS reorganization. Can anyone tell me the number of reorganizations there have been since then? One of my specialist fields is the history of the NHS, yet even I no longer know. There have been so many since 1974 that they are now all but uncountable. Will Cameron's reforms work? If history is any guide they certainly will. After all, thanks to the dedication and skill of NHS managers, all the others have been made to work. The real question is not whether Cameron's reforms will achieve something, but whether the result will be something better than what went before. Handing GPs the key to the NHS cash box will certainly prove to be a poisoned chalice for GPs. Choosing to fund service A is always a popular move, but when the cost of that choice is not funding service B then the complaints soon start flooding in. GPs will quickly discover that their GP colleagues are just as hateful as NHS bureaucrats when their own favoured purchasing proposals get ditched in favour of someone else's. The underlying issue is that there are rarely genuinely 'right' or 'best' purchasing decisions. Only reasonable and unreasonable ones. And what constitutes 'reasonable' is subjective and therefore open to argument—as GPs will discover to their dismay. Handling cash however also poses other, more worrying, risks. GPs have a personal and direct interest in what services are provided. They are in favour of better community-based services—no a bad thing in itself, but since better community services usually means less work for GPs there will surely be a, perhaps unconscious, temptation to spend money on services which indirectly reduce GPs workload rather than on services which genuinely improve overall patient care. And worse. Some GPs could use the new system to divert NHS cash into their own pockets. This will not necessary be illegal, or even a bad thing. But if GPs extend their own services for extra pay, or to set up their own private healthcare businesses, it will certainly be seen as a very bad thing indeed. As for contracting-out hospital care to the private sector: it is not a mad idea. At least not in principle. David Cameron is surely right in saying that patients could not care less about who the provider is—only that they are being treated without charge. The concept is surely worth a punt. Not least since most NHS care— provided by GPs, dentists, high-street chemists and optometrists, has been successfully provided by the private sector since the NHS was founded. Health care managers may at least find that a new life in the private sector allows them to actually manage, rather than being bound hand and mouth by NHS red tape. Have Cameron and Co. found the magic formula that has eluded so many others down decades? Those that forget their history are condemned to repeat it. Those who do not like this NHS reform need only wait—another one will surely be coming along soon. Editor Alex Falconer Consultant Editor Philip Housden dEsign ExECutivE Peter Constantine Publishing dirECtor Adrian Johnston assoCiatE PublishEr Peter Black businEss managEr Christopher Riley ProduCt nEws Rachel McElhinney managing dirECtor Mark Allen


The pretest-posttest comparison group design is one of the most extensively used methods to evaluate clinical research, but it is often overanalyzed with more than one analysis when one is sufficient. From an example published in this journal, we discuss parametric approaches that are often used to analyze this design and the strengths and limitations of each approach. We then comment on common nonparametric approaches. Last, we discuss methods to analyze this design when the treatment groups are not randomized (intact).


Abstract Background Health care workers (HCWs) possess a potential risk to acquire and spread various infections. This study was planned to assess the immune status of HCWs in pediatric departments of two tertiary care hospitals in Northern India. Methods In this cross-sectional study, HCW's (Indians), working in pediatric departments of these hospitals, over 6-months period (July18-Dec18) were enrolled after taking written consent and their 5-ml venous blood sample was collected. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institute Ethics committee, before enrolling subjects. Serum were tested for antibodies against diphtheria-toxin (DT), pertussis-toxin (PT), measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, hepatitis-B (HbsAb) and hepatitis-A using commercial IgG (quantitative) ELISA kits. Results A total of 160 HCW's (M:F=77:83), having mean age 30.6±7.8 years, were enrolled. Out of them 106 (66.3%) were resident doctors, 31 (19.4%) nursing-staff, 18 (11.3%) faculty members, 3 (1.9%) research-staff and 2 (1.3%) paramedical-staff. In our study, antibodies (IgG) against DT were between 0.01 to 0.1 IU/ml in 78.1% (120/160); requiring a Tdap booster; while 7 out of 125 had titers < 0.01 IU/ml, which needed 3-doses of primary vaccination. Antibodies (IgG) against PT < 30 IU/ml were seen in 60.6% (97/160), which were considered as seronegative, as per kit recommendations. A total of 3% (5/160), 13.1% (21/160), 10% (16/160), 17.5% (28/160) had titers < 12 IU/ml for IgG antibodies against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella respectively; were considered unprotected. A total of 25% (40/160) had Anti-HBs antibody titers < 20 mIU/ml; which were low, therefore were advised to take one booster dose of Hep-B vaccine. A total of 15.6% (25/160) had IgG antibodies against hepatitis-A < 10 mIU/ml; were unprotected. Conclusion Alarming proportions of pediatric-HCWs had low antibody titres against DT (78.1%) and PT (60.6%), necessitating a dose of Tdap. A total of 10%, 17.5% and 15.6% lacked protective antibodies against rubella, varicella and hepatitis-A. A quarter of screened population had low anti-Hbs titres, requiring boosting of immunity. Our study emphasizes the urgent need for improving immunization status of pediatric HCW's; as they continue to remain susceptible to various vaccine preventable infectious diseases. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.


We study wireless multicasting from two sources to two destinations with the assistance of a single half-duplex relay. The objective is to evaluate the throughput and error performance of different analog and digital relay schemes with linear network coding at the relay. The analog relay node forwards either a scaled version of the received signal to the destinations, or alternatively, first filters the received signals to generate a linear Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) estimate, which is subsequently forwarded. The digital relay scheme first detects the source transmissions, combines the packets with a network code, and forwards the resulting symbols to the destinations. For all schemes the destinations recover the source and relay signals by first applying linear MMSE filters, followed by decoding of the source bits. The performance of the schemes are compared in terms of normalized throughput (bits per channel use accounting for the delay due to the relay) and uncoded error probability, given a normalized power constraint. Both narrowband and wide-band transmission schemes are considered. Our results show that the analog relay schemes outperform the digital network coding scheme with respect to both throughput and error probability because of error propagation through the relay. Numerical results are presented, which illustrate throughput-reliability trade-offs for all schemes considered.


Donghai Bridge,totally about 31 km in length,is a major bridge built over sea. The construction conditions for the Bridge are special and construction is also difficult.In this paper,the principal construction technology for the segmental precasting and erection of the medium and high-rise piers over sea for the 60-m non-mavigable spans of the Bridge is presented.The presentations herewith may serve as reference to the design and construction of similar bridges.


In this work we numerically study the signal evolution in long haul links in presence of nonlinear Kerr effect, chromatic dispersion and ASE of the optical amplifiers, and the performance of long-haul IM-DD and PSK coherent systems is also evaluated. Propagation in condition of low and high chromatic dispersion is analyzed taking into account also the chromatic dispersion fluctuations. In the first propagation regime the signal presents a large spectral broadening due to the nonlinear interaction between ASE and signal. Conditions for transmission of NRZ intensity and phase modulated signals are found, even though the IM-DD systems present better performance. In the second propagation regime the nonlinear Kerr effect can compensate the degradation induced by the chromatic dispersion both for amplitude and phase modulated signals in the anomalous dispersion region. Also in this regime the IM-DD systems present better performance than the PSK ones and soliton propagation, included in this regime, allows us to obtain the best conditions for signal transmission. A performance comparison among optical systems, considering the two propagation regimes, shows that the best performance is obtained by means of soliton IM-DD systems in the case of very long distances (> 6000 km) and by means of conventional IM-DD systems operating at the zero dispersion wavelength in the case of long distances (< 6000 km). The zero dispersion wavelength condition can be practically obtained considering links with a fluctuating GVD presenting an average value equal to zero.


Citrinin is a kind of metabolites of Monascus,which is toxic to kidney.In this paper,we established a effective determination method of citrinin content by HPLC,and it's as follows: The column was Shimadzu Shim-pack VP-ODS C18(250 mm×4.6 mm),the mobile phase composition was V(acetonitrile)∶V(methano1)∶V(water) is 70∶10∶20,pH 2.5.And the column temperature was at 28 ℃,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.Then citrinin content was detected by a fluorescence detector at λex=331 nm and λem=500 nm.Under this chromatographic conditions,the concentration of citrinin from 0.05 to 5 mg/L has a good linear relationship.The minimum determination limit was 5 μg/L,the average recovery rate was 98.17%,and RSD was 1.8%.


We present a careful statistical analysis of pulsating aurora (PA) using all‐sky green line (557.7 nm) images obtained at 3.3 Hz. Six well‐defined individual PA patches are identified and extracted using a contouring technique. Quantitative parameters such as the patch duration (on‐time and off‐time), peak intensity, and integrated intensity are determined for each patch and each pulsation. The resulting characteristics serve as strict observational constraints that any of the many competing theories attempting to explain PA must predict. The purpose of this paper is to determine the characteristics of PA patches in order to provide better observational constraints on the suggested mechanisms. All aspects of the temporal behavior of the individual patches appear to be erratic. Historically, PA has been defined very loosely and we argue that the use of the term "pulsating" is inappropriate since our findings and other published results are not regularly periodic and thus a more appropriate term may be fluctuating aurora. Further, we find that the observational constraints do not fit well with the flow cyclotron maser theory, which in particular is suggested to create PA patches. There is no clear candidate of the suggested mechanisms and drivers to explain the observational constraints set by the PA patches in a satisfactory manner.


Multi-site collapse of the upper airway in sleep-related breathing disorders can be treated with multilevel sur- gery. Multilevel surgery is defined as simultaneous interventions at two or more levels of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of the present study is to analyse long-term complications of multi-level surgery with or without hyoid suspension. A group of 192 patients with multilevel surgery with hyoid suspension and 79 patients with multilevel surgery without hyoid suspension were followed prospectively at 3, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. We used a questionnaire asking for foreign body sensation, disorders of swallowing, speech disorders, taste disorders, undesired weight loss and pain. The an- swers were given in a yes/no mode, severity was not graded. Foreign body sensation was the most common complication after multilevel surgery with and without hyoid suspension. Hyoid suspension did not contribute to a higher complication rate. All undesired side effects were reduced with time ex- cept swallowing disorders.


The paper presents investigation on the magnetic uids that are stable colloidal suspensions of single-domain magnetic particles in a liquid carrier of dielectrics nature. Studies were made on the electric eld vs. current density, e.i. E J characterization commonly observed in insulating liquids under uniform low electric or magnetic elds. High performance oil was used as the dielectric carrier. The experiments were carried out at di erent volume concentrations of magnetite nanoparticles up to 4%.


The invention relates to a soft shell material and a preparation method thereof. The soft shell material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 to 50 parts of TPU, 10 to 20 parts of TPEE, 10 to 15 parts of ABS resin, 5 to 8 parts of SBS resin, and 2 to 5 parts of DOA resin, and is prepared by the following steps: mixing the components mentioned above, insulating the mixture from air, and connecting the mixture with glass under pressure. The provided soft shell material is soft and wear resistant. The shell made of the soft shell material is comfortable and close-fitting, and scratches or notches cannot be easily generated on the surface. Furthermore, the preparation method is simple and can be applied to massive industrial production.


Health system of Turkey which has been transformed since 1990's caused radical changes both in quality of services and demands of patients. Among many others one of the most important impacts of these reforms is that they caused an increase in violence towards physicians. Primary aim of this paper is to show the links that exists between health reforms and violence towards physicians in hospitals. Social meta-analysis based on comparisons of the findings of recent studies is used to achieve the above mentioned purpose of this study. Findings revealed that both makers of reformers and physicians should be aware of the fact that changes in the structure of patient-physician relationship should be made for the sake of the community. *Corresponding author Aytul Kasapoglu, Department of Sociology, Ankara University, Faculty of Letters, Turkey, Tel: 90-312-229 09 01;


: Writing applications contain about a computer game applications. In the writing of this game applications, the author outlines a few things about Visual Basic programming language, game programs and matters related to the computer game itself. In this paper the author makes a Windows-based computer game using Visual Basic Release 6.0.


This study aims at finding out the discourse structures, discourse persuasion strategies and discourse properties of hosts in televised selling programs for home consumers. The discourse structures of a televised selling program are unidirectional and unilinear in that a broadcasting host serves both as a speaker and a listener. A televised selling program for home consumers is structured in the order of pre-recorded broadcasting, beginning remarks, rules and regulations, original airing, and concluding remarks. In a televised selling program for home consumers, discourse persuasion strategies are mainly grouped into commodity-internal persuasion strategies and commodity-external persuasion strategies; the former pertains to the excellence and trustworthiness of commodities, and the latter pertains to the economical feasibility and impulsivity of purchasing. The excellence of commodities includes their functions, structures, effects, and qualities; the trustworthiness of commodities include discount, installment, and lagniappe; the impulsive purchase include temporal urgency, limited opportunity, arousal of self-confidence, emotional instigation, and arousal of alienated sense. Discourse properties of hosts in televised selling programs for home consumers are presented with respect to degree utterance, polarity utterance, pushing utterance, giving utterance, link utterance, participation utterance, symbolic utterance, personification utterance, repeated utterance, and foreign word utterance.


In recent years,the mass burning of vandalism of violent crime arises which is an ugly social phenomenon with great social harm,so it must be properly disposed of from a legal perspective.However,the current prevailing approach in the aftermath can not achieve the desired treatment effect.The perpetrators of the civil liability system should be established,while a clear infringement of such cases and general civil cases should be clear,in order to compensate for the loss of the victims better and eliminate the adverse effects of such incidents.