Title: A Scanning Electron Microscopic evaluation of the canal cleanliness using Endoactivator and UltraX with two different irrigant solutions. Objective :To compare the effectiveness of canal cleanliness using Endoactivator (Dentsply Sirona ) and UltraX (Orikam 18)with 3% sodium hypochlorite and a Herbal Irrigant Vitex Negundo Linn ; A Scanning Electron Microscopic study. Materials&Methods: Twenty five extracted human single-rooted teeth were selected for this study. Access opening was done and root canals were prepared The irrigation was performed using 3% sodium hypochlorite and a Herbal Irrigant Vitex Negundo Linn. Samples were divided into five equal groups, according to the Irrigation Activation techniques and Irrigants used : www.ijcrt.org © 2021 IJCRT | Volume 9, Issue 11 November 2021 | ISSN: 2320-2882 IJCRT2111292 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org c604 Group 1(n=5) Samples were irrigated using Endoactivator(Dentsply Sirona) with 3% sodium hpochlorite . Group 2(n=5) Samples were irrigated using Endoactivator (Dentsply Sirona)with Vitex Negundo Linn. Group 3(n=5)Samples were irrigated using UltraX(Orikam 18th) with 3% sodium hypochlorite. Group 4(n=5)Samples were irrigated using UltraX (Orikam 18)with Vitex Negundo Linn . Group 5(n=5) Control Group Without any Irrigation agitation. Roots were cross-sectioned longitudinally, and the canal walls were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. The presence of smear layer at coronal, middle, and apical levels was evaluated. Results :The Endoactivator when agitated with sodium hypochlorite showed better efficacy in the debridement of the root canals at the middle and apical thirds .In the Coronal third,UltraX along with sodium hypochlorite showed superior cleaning efficacy . Conclusion: Endoactivator along with sodium hypochlorite scored the best in debris removal compared to the other irrigation activation system used.


Response:

We appreciate the comment by Drs Cloft and Kallmes on our recent article regarding the matched-pair evaluation of a new bioactive coil.1 It provides us with the opportunity to briefly clarify the statistical analysis and the rationale behind it. This will illustrate why the statistical analysis of the data presented in this article is accurate and not erroneous. We have indeed used a 1-sided Fisher exact test for comparison of the 6-month follow-up occlusion rates. For statistical inference, ie, the confidence that our reported results do in fact detect a true-positive increase of follow-up occlusion rates with Cerecyte compared with bare platinium coils, this is important, especially because for comparison of the initial treatment results a 2-sided test was performed.

However, we do not agree that this corresponds to a "basic statistical error" and that the use of a 1-sided test for comparison of the follow-up occlusion rates would be "inappropriate", as claimed by Drs Cloft and Kallmes. Without wanting to delve too deep into the philosophy of significance testing (see reference 2 for a more in-depth discussion), it appears well established that it is largely uninterpretable to ascertain the "true value" of false-positive probability rates, ie, probability values and significance levels, without a specific null-hypothesis and specific assumptions about the deviation in the data from it. It is largely misleading to claim that 2-sided testing is simply "more conservative" compared with 1-sided statistical inference: both utilize the same null-hypothesis and test the value of a given test statistic under different assumptions about the alternative hypothesis. …


The increase of the smart devices is quickly expanding and is progressively turning out to be more modern device in the recent smart world. This expanding prominence is making the attackers have a flawless focus on it. The smart devices prepared with the advanced complicated software and hardware systems are paying way for the profit of the malware attackers. The malware authors targets the mobile devices and destruct the information in the devices like privacy theft, information theft, denial of service, distributed denial of service and so on. There should be an effective mechanism implemented to overcome these threats and protect the devices from these severe implications malwares. To provide the cost-effective output solution for the smart devices malware detection, the optimization techniques to be improved for the end users control during runtime.


Abstract : This report amplifies and extends the theory of safe-arming shown in Ballistic Research Laboratory Technical Report ARBRL-TR-02444 -- The Worst-Case Mathematical theory of Safe-Arming -- by Denis A. Silvia, by introducing a method for computing the effect of sensitivities on a s/a system's safety. This method permits the quantitative analysis of how the sensitivity of an s/a system's input variables can be manipulated to maximize s/a performance. Using the new method a microcomputer program has been developed which permits easy analysis to see the effect of different sensitivity strategies, which as weak links - how many are best, how weak they should be, where they should be placed, etc. Some surprising results are reported which will provide s/a designers with valuable insights into where design resources are best invested. Keywords: Safing and arming(Ordnance), Fuzes(Ordnance), Explosives, Detonators, and Warheads.


Peer correction between students is a useful teaching method for students who cannot accept the affixation of professors or who do not submit assignments at all due to their strong arguments. This is because it is possible for students who have not submitted their assignments to receive assignments from other students, read and correct them according to the writing evaluation criteria table. Therefore peer correction in the class provides students who have significantly poor writing skills with the opportunity to participate in the class and can be helped with their writing through the experience of reading and evaluating other students' assignments. Student peer correction of self-introduction statements conducted by the author during the second semester of 2019 and the second semester of 2020 consisted of learner-centered writing class, so that the learner's class participation and concentration were also improved. Therefore, Student peer correction in university writing education has had a very positive effect.


Background Calcium channel blockers (CCB) are the widely prescribed drugs for the management of hypertension. Gingival enlargement (GE) due to calcium channel blockers (CCB) accounts for a prevalence rate of 14.7%-83%. Literature reveals that the most frequently encountered CCB causing GE is nifedipine being 83%, and the least common is amlodipine being 3.3%. Amlodipine prescription is increasing in the recent years, attributed to its high patient compliance and cost effectiveness. The study was conducted with an aim to determine the association between GE and the use of different Calcium channel blockers and with an objective to assess the status of gingiva in patients on CCB, as well as to assess the relationship between dosage and duration of intake of CCB on the status of GE. Material and Methods The present study included 30 hypertensive subjects on calcium channel blockers and 30 healthy controls who were not on any of the drugs causing gingival enlargement. Written consent was obtained and history recorded for all the study subjects, Oral hygiene was assessed by Green and Vermillion index, gingival condition by Loe and Sillness index and the gingival enlargement was recorded using the Ingles index. Results 20(66%) subjects out of 30 had gingival enlargement among whom 12(40%) subjects had Grade II GE and 5(16%) had Grade III GE. This when compared to controls was statistically significant with p value of < 0.001. Conclusion Slightest of the local factors trigger the gingival response to the drugs causing gingival enlargement. GE provides new niches for growth of microrganisms, resulting in tooth loss. Clinicians should and must pay attention to patients oral hygiene prior to prescription of CCB and stress on need of regular dental visits.


We define doubly graded Sn modules Rmu for which we conjecture that the multiplicities of irreducible representations in various bi-degrees are given by the Macdonald coefficients Klambdamu. Assuming one fundamental conjecture, the modules Rmu can be given several equivalent definitions, which we discuss. We prove the conjectures in various special cases.


Symphyocladia latiuscula (Harvey) Yamada is a red alga with a myriad of bromophenols accompanied by a diverse array of biological activities. The main purpose of the present study was to characterize the anti-Alzheimer's disease activity of bromophenols from S. latiuscula via inhibition of cholinesterases (AChE and BChE), β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). The results of enzyme inhibition assays demonstrated 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (1), 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (2), and bis-(2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether (3) as potent inhibitors of aforementioned enzymes. Among the tested bromophenols, 3 showed multifold higher inhibition of all of the tested enzymes. Enzyme kinetics revealed different modes of inhibition, and in silico molecular docking simulation demonstrated the importance of the 7–OH group and bromine number for H-bond and halogen-bond interactions, respectively. Similarly, 1–3 at 20 μM concentration showed more than 50% inhibition of self-induced Aβ25–35 aggregation. These results suggest that bromophenols from S. latiuscula, especially highly brominated (3), may represent a novel class of anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs.


Employee attrition is a significant challenge for organizations that works in public spaces, with high costs associated with recruiting and training new employees. In this study, we present a learning opportunities by predictive analysis of employee attrition and Quality of life at IBM using machine learning algorithms. The study was conducted using a dataset consisting of 1471 rows and 35 columns, it shows the employee information including – demographic, job-related, and performance-related information. Different machine learning algorithms, including the random forest classifier and logistic regression, were utilized in our study to identify the primary factors influencing employee attrition. The Random Forest Classifier is a type of machine learning algorithm that utilizes numerous decision trees to generate a more precise and safe model. Logistic Regression is a statistical technique that examines the correlation between a binary dependent variable, such as employee attrition, and one or more independent variables, including age, gender, and salary. The random forest classifier model outperformed the logistic regression model, with an accuracy of 87% compared to 85%. The precision, recall, and F1 score for the random forest classifier model were also higher than those for the logistic regression model. The analysis also identified the top factors contributing to employee attrition, such as low job satisfaction, lack of growth opportunities, and low performance ratings. Our study observes cycle analysis which provides valuable insights into the underlying algorithms to predict and prevent employee turnover.


Two extensions of the LQG optimal control problem are presented which enable prediction and feedforward action to be introduced in a state equation framework. Predictive control is first considered using a discrete-time state-space system model. Future reference values are assumed to be known p-steps ahead and the controller has a two-degrees of freedom structure. The mechanism for introducing feedforward control and hence providing a third degree of freedom is also considered. Both prediction and feedforward action are simple to design and implement Using the proposed state-space approach.


Experiment examination plays an important role in evaluation of clinical microbiology experiment teaching.Standardized experiment examination system of clinical microbiology is a fair,objective and scientific assessment of students' learning effect and an important mean to evaluate teaching quality.The standardized experimental evaluation system includes organization,standardized examination contents,standardized procedures and operations,standardized invigilation and record,standardized scoring criteria,correction and prevention measures.

Key words:
Clinical microbiology; Experiment examination; Standardized experiment examination system


Fiber reinforced structural composites will play a key role in the development of the next generation of transportation vehicles (passenger cars, vans, light trucks, and heavy trucks) because of their high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratio compared with metals. An integrated assessment of the durability, reliability, and affordability of these materials is critical to facilitate the inclusion of these materials into new designs. The result of this assessment should provide information to find the balance between the three performance measures. This paper describes a method to develop this assessment in the fabrication of sheet molding compound (SMC) parts, and discusses the concept of Preform Insert Assembly (PIA) for improved affordability in the manufacturing of composite parts. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:233–240, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to identify the longitudinal influence of parental attachment and emotion regulation on changes in Internet delinquency. This study used the Korean Youth Panel Survey (KYPS) data, in which 2,844 school-age children were annually assessed from Grade 4 in 2004 to Grade 8 in 2008 in South Korea. Latent growth models were used to examine developmental trajectories of Internet delinquency, parental attachment, and emotion regulation longitudinally. This study showed that adolescents experience an increase in Internet delinquency over the fourth year and a decline in the fifth year. The initial level of parental monitoring had significant effects on the initial level of emotion regulation. In addition, the initial level of parental attachment was associated with a slower rate of acceleration of Internet delinquency across time. The study findings indicate that parental attachment influences Internet delinquency among Korean adolescents. The practice implications of the findings are discussed in terms of Internet delinquency reduction efforts.


Federal Reserve Governor Lael Brainard has said distributed ledger technology presents both risks and opportunities to the financial sector [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


Organic matter in Tertiary strata of the Niger delta is mainly a mixture of types II and III, has a high pristane/phytane ratio (> 1.0), and is composed of the macerals vitrinite and minor liptinite. The main palynofacies are structured woody material, cuticles, pollen, spores, and opaque and minor amorphous organic matter. The distribution and abundance of the organic matter reflects the age and sedimentology of the strata. There is a progressive decline in mean total organic carbon (TOC) content from upper Eocene (2.2% TOC) to Pliocene strata (0.90% TOC) and an associated general decrease in hydrogen index (HI) and pristane/phytane ratio. The decrease in TOC and HI in younger strata mainly reflects increased dilution of a nearly constant supply of terrestrial organic matter associated with the generally higher sedimentation rates of younger strata. The low pristane/phytane ratio of younger strata may reflect less oxidizing depositional conditions. No rich source rocks occur in the Niger delta and, as conventionally measured, the strata have little or no oil generating potential. The poor quality of the source rocks has been compensated for by their greater volume and excellent migration routes. The Niger delta type of source rock - although an end membermore » in terms of general source rock composition - appears to be relatively typical of Tertiary deltas.« less


Abstract This paper addresses itself to an assessment of a number of student support systems developed and utilized in a three-year training effort with more than 104 Native American social work students at the School of Social Work, University of Utah. While a number of social support systems utilized in the program are mentioned, special consideration is given to those in recruitment, communication, modeling, counseling, follow-up, student involvement, and discriminating education. The article could have relevance for the social work training of any disadvantaged student.


Coralligenous bioconstructions are one of the Mediterranean's most distinctive and biodiverse marine habitats. This research aimed to provide a preliminary characterization of macrobenthic coralligenous assemblages at four sites located in the Marine National Park of Karaburun-Sazan in Albania. We analyzed images obtained from videos recorded along underwater transects at two different depths. Over a total of 61 taxa (3 Rhodophyta, 2 Ochrophyta, 6 Chlorophyta, 30 Porifera, 5 Cnidaria, 3 Mollusca, 2 Annelida, 1 Arthropoda, 4 Bryozoa, 4 Echinodermata, and 1 Chordata), 53 were identified at the species level using taxonomic and semi-quantitative video image analysis, thus allowing an update to the Albanian coralligenous species list with 34 new species. This study revealed differences in species richness and composition among the investigated sites and between depths, with a high number of taxa exclusive to one site and a few taxa common to all sites. Seven taxa are protected by law, among which are the echinoderm Centrostephanus longispinus, included in the Bern (Annex II) and Barcelona (Annex II) Conventions and Habitat Directive (92/43 EEC) (Annex IV), and the sponges Spongia (Spongia) officinalis and S. (S.) lamella, included in Annex III of the Bern Convention. Only the alga Caulerpa cylindracea can be considered an alien species. Although preliminary, the present research indicated the occurrence of rich and diversified macrobenthic assemblages in the study area. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that video analysis can provide a biodiversity baseline within MPAs, where traditional methods involving invasive sampling cannot be applied, particularly in areas such as the Albanian coasts, where anthropogenic impacts have been historically significant. Finally, this work provides a first estimate of the structural biodiversity in a recently established marine protected area, thus representing the basis for subsequent monitoring.


This study examines the relationships between mindfulness, alcohol use, social desirability, daily spiritual experiences, and religion in African-American college students at an Historically Black College or University. Significant positive correlations were found between mindfulness and religion as well as between spirituality and meditative practices. Results suggest that participants who reported being religious were more likely to have higher emotional intelligence and better verbal expressive abilities compared to participants who reported being nonreligious. Participants who endorsed practicing some form of meditation also were found to have a higher degree of reported spirituality compared to those who reported not practicing meditation. Findings suggest that those participants who reported being mindfully nonjudgmental also reported being more likely to be negatively reactive to their own thoughts. Findings do not suggest that mindfulness, social desirability, and religion predict alcohol use in African-American college students.


This paper presents the communication control system based on the Modbus protocol and RS485 serial communication for an individual electric dust-removing system.Thus the DCS of the electric power plant can monitor the dust-removing system to realize the unattended operation.This paper introduces the Modbus protocol and the implementation of the communication control system based on the system software of the 80C196 SCM.


Two interpolative BTC (block truncation coding) image coding schemes with optimal stack filters (in the minimum MAE sense) as the interpolator are suggested. Compared to the standard BTC, the new schemes yield >25% and >37.5% reductions in bit rate, respectively, with little performance degradation. Compared to a previous interpolative BTC coding method, the quality of coded images has been greatly improved with the new schemes (at the same or even a lower rate).


Objective:To study the coagulation disorders after spinal cord injury(SCI)prospectively.Method:The plasma levels of thrombin antithrombinIII complex(TAT),prothrombin fragment1+2(F1+2)and D-dimer were measured on the day of admission(2-6hours after the trauma)and days1,3and5after the trauma in20cases with SCI.The plasma levels of TAT,F1+2and D-dimer were also assessed in the same way in20healthy people as the control group.Result:The levels of TAT,F1+2and D-dimer were3.1±0.9ng/ml?0.9±0.2nmol/l and42.6±9.3ng/ml respectively in the control group.In the20cases with SCI,the plasma levels of TAT,F1+2and D-dimer were markedly increased to45.3±14.2ng/ml?4.1±0.7nmol/l and136.2±14.3ng/ml(P0.05)respectively in several hours after the trauma,and then gradually decreased(the plasma level of D-dimer was maximal on the day1after the trauma)to day3or4,but the levels were still higher significantly on days1and2.Conclusion:After SCI,the coagulation process can be activated and hypercoagulability immediately occurs several hours after the trauma and persists for2-3days.


The objective of this study is to analyze the difference in the willingness to pay (WTP) for an improvement in air quality between users and nonusers of firewood at the locality of Florida in Talca (Chile). This analysis applied a contingent valuation approach, with a doubled-bound dichotomous choice format. By creating a certifying institution of dry firewood and assuming a linear and a logistic distribution function, this method calculates the WTP of an improvement in local air quality. The obtained value suggests the feasibility of financing the certifying institution's operation costs via an environmental municipal fee. Additionally, the findings imply that Florida's inhabitants using firewood are willing to pay a smaller amount than those who are not.


mouthpieces of Varro's opinions; pp. 139 if. (praise of Italian agriculture): T. gives no indication that this is a ' stock' passage of rhetoric, and that exaggeration of yields is to be expected; can we really believe in 1800 gallons of wine per iugerunii p. 170: the long note on insecurity of neighbourhood somehow misses the most important point; see Ramsay McMullen, Roman Social Relations, 1974; p. 171 (hired labour): Varro is not talking about casual labour, but skilled artisans; p. 172 (ne ... reddat): the point surely is that the slaves will be off work on working days; p. 178 (rationscales): Cato's farm-hands got a bigger allowance of grain than legionary soldiers! The motive was of course, self-interest, with no humanitarian considerations; p. 180: pratum always refers to grazing land; T.'s vocabulary has it right; p. 199 (siprata... inrigare): an excellent commentary concludes with a mysterious reference (among methods of raising water for irrigation) to a ' pail suspended from a long pole '; is this meant to refer to the shaduf (see e.g. my Roman Farming (1970), 156 ft and pi. 17)? p. 224: ' grappa' is not an ' afterwine' (Cato's lorum), but a brandy made from the later pressing, including the skins; p. 255: ' the Romans . . . practised selective breeding'; incorrect (see my Roman Farming, 312, a work which does not appear in bibliography or notes). Finally, on the illustrations. Plates are a high cost item; why not choose monuments (e.g. the African farm mosaics series) which illustrate many operations in one plate? A few more text-figures would have been helpful, e.g. on farm lay-out (pp. 165 ft). All in all, however, this is an admirable contribution to the enlargement of the range of Latin studies; it should certainly generate further interest both in Varro's undeservedly neglected work, and in Roman farming as a whole.


Task management involves task creation and execution. These are facilitated using a task schema as exemplified in the Hercules Task Manager. Experience with Hercules has shown the task schema to be very useful for task creation, but less than ideal for task resolution, i.e., the selection of tool and data resources to be used in execution. Tool/data interactions often lead to resource selection constraints that cannot be captured using dependency relationships in the schema. We have addressed this by adding conditions to the task schema which use task-level meta-data to constrain resource selection. With examples we show that conditions are useful for handling a wide variety of real constraints.


Why does the government get defeated so often in immigration cases? Matt Williams explains that the language used in relevant legislation has been increasingly unclear, leaving it up to judges to debate the meaning and intention of policy.


Contemporary Russian-language "new drama" (both Russian and Belarusian) is most often identified with plays performed using verbatim-theatre techniques, and with works of a documentary character that feature hyper-realistic, naturalistic or Neo-Brutalist elements. However, this is not the only distinctive tendency in the poetics of contemporary Eastern Slavic drama. There exists a completely different, metaphorical and philosophical current of evolution of "new drama". The present article is devoted to the concept of spirituality in new Russian (Ivan Vyrypayev, Vasiliy Sigarev) and Belarusian (Diana Balyko, Pavel Priazhko, Andrey Kureychik) drama, as it explores the sacral and spiritual elements in the latter and attempts to unveil the deeper meaning of several selected works. The author wishes to evaluate how spiritual issues are depicted, and to what modifications the presentation of these issues is subject to. Due to the obvious anthropological character of the works analyzed, where the human being and its spiritual queries become a semantic carrier, the literary character constitutes a primary analytical category in itself. The article is an attempt to analyze and interpret religious and spiritual elements in works that may sometimes not be perceived as a manifestation of faith. The article draws attention to the use of motifs known from the Christian cultural sphere and to the referencing and modernization of old Ruthenian  anthropological types (such as strannik, yurodivy). The author showcases how contemporary Russian and Belarusian playwrights depict the human being as a spiritual seeker, as they address both the sacred and the secularized understanding of spirituality.


In an opinion letter??to Nature (September 2010), Dobson et al. (2010) oppose the planned road through northern Tanzania that crosses Serengeti National Park (SNP). They contend that the road will jeopardize the Serengeti ecosystem by interrupting the wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) migratory corridor. This opinion is supported by other scientists using mathematical models (Holdo et al. 2011). However, all arguments presented against the project have been questioned (Homewood et al. 2010). As has often been the case in the conservation of African natural resources, some scientists present views that do not account for other key components of conservation: economic growth, reduction of poverty, improvement of quality of life, and social well-being. As scientists working in Serengeti, we believe that the published reports about the Serengeti road mislead the world about its potential effects on the ecosystem.


In the crisis situations that society has been going through lately (pandemics, war), propaganda is very active, which aims to spread some information aimed to convince the receiver, to gain his trust. However, very often, propaganda uses fake news, half-truths, various specific interpretations of events, which can mislead and create distorted images of reality. For this purpose, various lexical-semantic and grammatical means of expression are used. The article analyzes a series of cases of this kind.


In this paper, we propose an alternate electrical-only strategy to perform both test and calibration of MEMS convective accelerometers' sensitivity. The idea is calibrate device sensitivity through the adjustment of the power dissipated in the heater element. For this, the system is equipped with an on-chip programmable digital pulse modulated generator and an iterative search procedure based on simple impedance measurements is implemented. The method is evaluated through Monte-Carlo simulations considering typical process variations and results are presented to demonstrate the potentialities of the technique.


This paper briefly describes the processes used to select and validate their associated technologies. Future New Millennium Program flight opportunities are also discussed.


In the last ten years, the common law rule in Foss v Harbottle concerning when a disgruntled shareholder could bring a 'derivative' action on behalf of the company has been put on a statutory basis in many jurisdictions, including Hong Kong. This article examines the most recent interpretations of the statutory remedy, the continuation of an inherent jurisdiction under which a shareholder may still sue, and the decision on the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal in Waddington v Playmates which has defined the situations in which a 'multiple derivative action' may be brought. The spate of academic writing and case-law on the topic indicates its continuing importance. Indeed, as shareholder activism takes hold more generally, one may predict that the importance of the statutory derivative action will continue to increase.


Annual clovers are very popular fodder crop species in the Mediterranean basin, however poor and slow seed germination, due to unfavourable temperatures, can cause somewhat erratic seedling emergence. Our objectives were to (i) evaluate the influence of two irrigation treatments during seed maturation on subsequent germination ability of seed and (ii) to determine the temperature requirements for seed germination in four annual clovers: berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), crimson (Trifolium incarnatum L.), Persian (Trifolium resupinatum: L.) and squarrosum (Trifolium squarrosum L.). Seeds of each species were germinated in the dark in a germinator at constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 or 35°C. Germination counts were recorded daily for 14 d and percent germination at 7th and 14th days, median germination time (MGT), rate of germination (GR) and the base temperature for germination (T g G) were determined. In all species the percent germination was not affected by the irrigation treatment during seed production, Percent germination and MGT showed a curvilinear relationship with temperature, a temperature of 20°C was optimum for berseem, crimson, and squarrosum elovers and 25°C for Persian clover. The four annual clovers had different sensitivity to temperature. Persian clover appeared to be the most macrothermic species with the T b G at 1.5°C, the optinum temperature for good germination at 23°C and a slight increment in MGT at 30-35°C. Berseem and squarrosum clover showed a very slow germination under cool temperatures. Results indicated that to reduce the risk of pour stand establishment in cold soils, particular attention should be used to program the time of autumn sowing for these species.


West Africa is the origin and epicenter of pearl millet genetic diversity. Niger is a standalone country that produces 3.5 million tons of pearl millet from an area of 6.7 million hectares, with productivity varying from 0.5 to 0.7 t/ha. Low grain yield is a result of low soil fertility, drought, downy mildew, head miner, and the non-utilization of improved and quality seeds. Around 30 pearl millet varieties were released in Niger, but the adoption rate of improved varieties is still lagging. There has been no systematic mapping implemented for new varieties' adoption preferences and the availability of quality seeds. Considering this and assessing the need for biofortified cultivars, the present participatory study was conducted in the Dosso region of Niger, wherein high rates of malnutrition persist. This study aimed (i) to identify breeding priorities for key traits of pearl millet preferred by farmers, with gender-based segregation, for varieties and hybrids, and (ii) to survey the preference for biofortified varieties with added nutritional value. Structured questionnaires and focus groups were used to collect data from 150 randomly selected respondents in 12 villages from three representative departments of Dogondoutchi, Dosso, and Gaya. The results reveal that pearl millet is a primary staple crop grown (98% of respondents) and consumed on a daily basis as food and also used as feed for their animals. The majority of farmers preferred a long panicle (50.7%) and a good seed set (45.3%). For grain traits, a white color (50%) and larger size (100%) were predominantly preferred, which fetches them higher prices in the market, where they compete with sorghum grains. All respondents unanimously rated growing biofortified pearl millet varieties as high (100%), owing to higher Fe and Zn, in addition to yield. Furthermore, 99.3% of farmers perform grain decortication before consumption, thus potentially depleting staple grain nutrition, which is expedient for pearl millet biofortification in the region. This study has the potential for establishing pearl millet breeding priorities that are likely to be employed for other West African pearl millet breeding programs.


Increased popularity of foamed bitumen as a stabilising agent in recent years has resulted in a necessity for research into the material properties of foamed bitumen stabilised pavements, and the effects of varied design parameters on these properties. The objective of this project is to assess the effects of aggregate gradation in foamed bitumen mixes on material properties characteristics and mechanical performance. The focus was given into the fines particle percentage: that is, particles with a nominal diameter of 75µm or less, as it is recognised that this range of particle sizes has a significant effect on binding capabilities of foamed bitumen. The results were obtained by comparing a number of samples of ranging from 0% to 25% fines at 5% increments, and with 0%, 2% and 4% foamed bitumen contents. Comparisons were drawn by testing typical material properties of unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and indirect tensile resilient modulus. Test results indicated that deficient productions were yielded and nubby bitumen was easily to be observed with a lower amount of fines content. However, the higher fines content was detrimental to the mechanical strength which was mainly relied on the interlock between coarse particles.


It is a significant and difficult problem how default should be modeled for estimating the value of credit derivatives. This article is made up of two parts --theoretical one and empirical one. We first concentrate upon a kind of credit derivatives called credit default swap and discuss its valuation. The other objective is to present the method of estimating parameters on Vasicek type model such as stochastic differential equations models of term structure and illustrate some simulation examples. (This article based on our contributing paper.)


F-theory requires a new Virasoro algebra, including $\kappa$-symmetry, with a worldvolume coordinate for each generator. (Similar is implied for the superstring.) Doubles of the spacetime coordinates are eliminated by selfduality, which now applies to all currents.


Mutual information registration based on pixel intensity has been widely used in recent years. However, its application to sub-images with small samples is questionable, because many local maximums may happen or the global maximum may be away from the actual maximum value which causes unnecessary registration error. A new approach, mutual information registration based on feature-label(MIF), is proposed to solve such problem. This method first uses image's intensity and gradient features to train the self-organized mapping(SOM) neural network, and then builds up the feature classifier for each modal image. Using such a classifier, images are project into a feature space with decreased dimensions. Finally mutual information is evaluated in the feature space to match images. Our results demonstrate that this method increases the success rate of the sub-image registration, and is optimal for the whole images(either with or without noise) elastic registration.


In this study, local chicken breeds with different types of feathers were collected in five Nigerian regions (South – SS; Southwest – SW; North – NC; Northwest – NW; Southeast – SE), as well as the Shika-Brown type. Samples from 11 Brazilian chicken lines were included, provided by Embrapa Swine and Poultry and Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, which were collected in two regions (South and Midwest). The TT is a meat-type paternal broiler line that has been selected for over 20 years. LLc and PPc are a paternal and maternal broiler lines, respectively, maintained without selection. CC and CCc are white eggtype lines, maintained with and without selection, respectively. The GG is a brown egg-type line. Cobb is a commercial broiler line and Indio is a backyard chicken collected in Southern Brazil. The GIG, GC and GIU are backyard chickens collected in different properties in Midwestern Brazil. A total of 16 chicken microsatellite markers was used to evaluate each sample. A region of 450 bp from D-Loop mitochondrial DNA was chosen to evaluate each sample. For large scale SNP genotyping, 112 samples from the two countries were selected, being 50 from all regions of Nigeria and 62 from CC, GG, Indio and TT Brazilians populations. The results suggest that ex situ conservation strategies for both countries (e.g. gonads vitrification) should be implemented in each country in order to preserve the genetic groups until, aiming at future germplasm exchange events.


Gray clustering mainly studies the clustering decision with insufficient information. The interval of three parameters can effectively reduce the uncertainty of judgment. The attribute value of evaluation index is described by the interval of three parameters, and the typical gray clustering decision is expanded into three stages: data aggregation, gray cluster analysis and comprehensive decision. First, the three-parameter interval number is integrated into a numerical value through the aggregation factor; then the numerical value is clustered by the whitening weight function; finally, the ranking result of the evaluation object is determined by comparing the decision vector. The application example shows the rationality and effectiveness of the clustering decision making method proposed in this paper, which provides a new idea for decision theory and application research.


This paper aims to review current knowledge concerning the development of prenatal attachment, the impact of demographic and pregnancy variables, and the implications for care and well-being of the foetus. The studies suggest that level of prenatal attachment, as assessed by questionnaires, typically increases throughout the course of pregnancy. It is likely that higher levels of social support are associated with increased levels of prenatal attachment but more research is needed into the association with this and other psychological variables. There is little evidence concerning the impact on prenatal attachment of procedures carried out as routine antenatal care or about the effects of high risk or surrogate pregnancies. An important area of emerging research involves investigating the implications of low levels of prenatal attachment and risk to the foetus. More research is needed into the relationship between prenatal attachment and how women care for themselves and their developing baby in terms of healthrelated behaviours. The current conceptual framework of the majority of prenatal attachment studies which focus on measuring levels rather than style can be considered over-simplistic. Greater integration with theoretical perspectives such as the development of maternal representations of care-giving would be beneficial.


An electric excitation hydraulic control valve includes a valve is opened and the high pressure oil inlet of the oil tank on the valve body, a first oil inlet in communication with the hydraulic cylinder, the second oil inlet and outlet, and the oil return a first oil outlet port communicating with the tank, a second oil outlet port, the excitation of the electro-hydraulic control valve further includes a spool and sleeve, said valve sleeve nested inner wall of the valve body, said valve body through valve sleeve, said valve body is connected to the first servomotor and a second servomotor; upper valve body provided with at least four spaced shoulders, each said shoulder defines at least two circumferential grooves evenly, shoulder longitudinal grooves adjacent to each other offset; a valve sleeve defines a peripheral shoulder cooperating with respective valve sleeve lap window, the window sleeve valve is at least four turns to uniform, adjacent the valve sleeve the valve sleeve is provided between the auxiliary window window, an additional window is provided in the valve housing adjacent to the first end portion of the valve sleeve of the window. The present invention can greatly improve the electro-hydraulic excitation frequency.


We describe a procedure to compute the rational nonstable K-groups of AT-algebras. As an application, we show that an AT-algebra is K-stable if and only if it has slow dimension growth.


In the 5 years from 1991 to 1995 the exploration business in Australia has undergone significant changes. Most notable are the shift of exploration focus from Carnarvon Basin to the Timor Gap and the increased importance of gas prospectivity in the exploration portfolio. Diminishing acreage supply and increased maturity of existing acreage has meant that more and more subtle plays are being tested every year. The re-opening in 1991 of the Timor Gap (Zone of Cooperation) area for exploration saw a flurry of oil companies from around the world bidding fiercely for the 15 blocks on offer. The Elang oil and the Undan/Bayu gas condensate discovery have been the notable success stories. The Laminaria oil discovery in adjacent Australian waters was a direct result of the political settlement between Indonesia and Australia and the encouragement of the Elang discovery. The omnipresent gas strategy driven by domestic gas and Asian energy demand and advances in technology has pushed the oil companies to look for major gas resources in water depths of up to 1000m. While in the late 80's gas prospect could not been given away, today they demand a very high premium. The renewed interest for gas has resulted inmore » significant discoveries in the NWS and the opening of a new offshore gas province in the Otway Basin. Although not deliberate, part of the Timor Gap may also become a major gas province. Limited frontier offshore exploration took place during the period. Results of the drilling in the Duntroon and Browse Basins have provided hope for the more adventurous explorers. The discoveries made in the last 5 years have again shown that for those who are prepared to take on the challenge, Australia has the potential for considerable reward.« less


University of Sheffield, UK; 9–10 July 2009 The seminar, organised by Jane Woodin, Gibson Ferguson, Valerie Hobbs and Lesley Walker (School of Modern Languages & Linguistics and School of English, University of Sheffield), aimed to bring together those working in intercultural communication (IC) pedagogy largely – though not exclusively – in the higher education sector. It drew inspiration from the growing number of courses with an intercultural element, from stand-alone modules and training courses to Master's degrees.


SINCE COMPREHENSION OF THE PRACTICABILITY OF PERMANENTLY DENSIFYING SOILS IS FACILITATED BY UNDERSTANDING THE PERFORMANCE OF MATERIALS WHEN IN FILMS OF MOLECULAR THICKNESS, THE DISCUSSION DEALS ESPECIALLY WITH THE THEORY OF MATTER IN THE FILM PHASE, THE WETTING OF SOLIDS BY LIQUIDS ADSORPTION AS AFFECTED BY ELECTROLYTIC PROPERTIES, AND THE DENSIFICATION OF SOIL AT OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT. /AUTHOR/


Machine tools are extensively used worldwide, excessive energy consumed in machining by feed-drive systems is an important issue faced by most electro-mechanical industries. This paper presents a novel sliding-mode controller with a Nonlinear sliding surface (NLSS) for enhancing the performance of Ball Screw driven mechanism actuated by servodrives. Unlike the conventional sliding mode control design, the proposed NLSS varies according to the output (controlled variable) so that the damping ratio of the system can be changed from its initial low value to its final high value. Hence, it allows a closed-loop system to achieve small settling time, preferably without overshoot, resulting in small energy consumption. In spite of this, one of the main hindrance in the implementation of SMC is the chattering. It is undesirable, since it involves extremely high control activity, and furthermore may excite highfrequency dynamics neglected in the course of modeling. Therefore it is important to avoid control chattering by providing continuous or smooth control signal. Simulation results shows that the proposed approach reduces the control input variance and consumed energy compared to linear sliding surface and also considered chattering avoidance in control input.


Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, but there are geographical variations in the pattern of illness. Observational studies suggest that one factor in these variations could be differences in dietary patterns. For instance, there are higher levels of heart disease in Northern and Western areas of Europe, where diets high in saturated fat are prevalent, contrasting with Southern and Eastern Europe, where the typical Mediterranean diet consists of greater consumption of fruit, vegetables, and legumes, with the use of olive oil as the major source of fat in the diet and low to moderate intake of red wine and dairy products and, additionally, a high ratio of fish to meat consumption, with meals freshly prepared from local, seasonal produce. Randomized controlled trials of interventions promoting Mediterranean dietary patterns corroborate the findings of these observational studies in the secondary prevention of CVD, but less evidence exists of its effectiveness inprimaryprevention.This review investigates the role of Mediterranean dietarypatterns in theprimaryprevention of CVD. It is relevant to nurses involved in formal or informal primary prevention because it is important that any advice given is credible and evidence based if it is to effect appropriate behavior change.


Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of relaxation training in improving sexual function in women with vaginismus in Tehran. Method: The present study was quasiexperimental and had a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with experimental and control groups and examined 18 women with vaginismus, who visited Mehravar counseling center, and the accompanying group in Tehran in the summer of 2016. Among the participants, we selected 18 women, who had vaginismus based on the sexual function questionnaire by Rosen et al. (2000) and clinical interviews, using convenience sampling, and randomly divided them into experimental (n=8) and control (n=8) groups. Women in the experimental group participated in an individual and group relaxation training course during six 2-hour sessions per week, and women in the control group received no intervention. We collected data and analyzed them using the repeatedmeasures analysis of variance. Results: The results indicated that relaxation training was effective in improving female sexual function (F= 79.58, P=0.001) and the effect was stable in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: relaxation training decreased anxiety and fear of 1 . شناد دشرا یسانشراک هتخومآ یمومع یسانشناور ، ،تاقیقحت و مولع دحاو هاگشناد ،یملاسا دازآ ناریا ،دورهاش 2 . * :لوئسم هدنسیون ناریا نارهت ،یملاسا دازآ هاگشناد ،نارهت تاقیقحت و مولع دحاو ،هداوناخ هرواشم يارتکد 3 . ت و مولع دحاو ،هداوناخ هرواشم يارتکد ناریا نارهت ،یملاسا دازآ هاگشناد ،نارهت تاقیقح مانلصف شجنس ا شهاژپ رد ا هرااشم یسانشناار هرود 1 هرامش / 1 / زییاپ 1398 ، 87 75 یشهاژپ لاقم Journal of Assessment and Research in Counseling and Psychology Vol, 1/No, 1/ Fall 2019, 75-87


Time after time during the Vietnam War, the United States sent Vietnamese spies and commandos behind enemy lines only to have them killed, captured or compromised into reporting back false information. This is a sobering account of the disastrous secret programme, run first by the CIA and then by the Department of Defense. It aims to reveal a previously hidden side to a frustrating war and reclaims the lost lives of those who were sacrificed for so little gain.


This paper discusses peer economics and P2P IT technologies. Conclude that P2P technology is best solution for a peer economy. Also states that P2P might not be the unique solution for managing distributed working environments at global scale. However, P2P technologies are to be an essential component of any future distributed working environment.


There are many kinds of rotor profiles for roots vacuum pump.Introduces an eccentric-arc profile of rotor,which is new to China but has been put forward abroad.The reason why it has not been developed in China is,perhaps,the hardship in calculation.The new profile has been designed and studied theoretically with the intention of optimization,thus showing many of its advantages which will be the reference to manufacturers.


al-Dawasir, and are classed as slightly eccentric misfits in never having married. Nonetheless, both are tolerated and even viewed with a kind of perverse pride because of their poetic gifts. Nabit is a minor poet, included as much for the fact that in his youth he engaged with al-Dindan in a vicious, noholds-barred form of poetic duelling as for the intrinsic quality of his verse. But, in the sanitised atmosphere of modern Saudi life, this duelling has been relegated to the realm of "dirty talk", and Kurpershoek could not persuade the poets to recite any of it. There are no more than a couple of poems by Nabit, but Al-Dindan is represented by fifteen poems and fragments which did not appear in Volume I. They are in the same lyrical and often non-conformist mode of the earlier collection. Bkhetan is perhaps the most interesting of the four poets in this volume, since he illustrates well how ancient poetic forms and topoi can be moulded to suit changed circumstances. Sometime soldier in the Kuwaiti army, and from a semi-settled background, he is descended from a respected line of Bedouin poets, and represents that strand of Bedouin society which upholds traditional values though with a "modern face". One of the most amusing and revealing aspects of his poetry is "the car motif". Here the traditional address to the rider on a camel is transmogrified into an address to a driver behind the wheel of a Toyota LandCruiser VX-R (ya racbin min 'indina fog fiksar), and instead of lines describing the animal's physical qualities and prowess, we get a focus on the year of the car's production, its equipment, its high average speed, etc. (p. 110 ff). The language in which this poetry is written will be obscure, if not impenetrable to many Arabists not familiar with the spoken Arabic of Arabia. It is therefore a good thing that Kurpershoek's translations are elegant, conveying both the literal sense and atmosphere remarkably well, and without the occasional descent into bathos which marred some of the translations in Volume I. Somehow, however, one feels that the poems would have been easier to read if an Arabic script version had been provided along with the transliterations. Certainly Arab readers will feel this. The glossary is a major plus, not only as an aid to reading the poems, but as a contribution to an important and (these days) neglected aspect of Arabian dialectology.


After illustrating the joys of teaching religious studies abroad with an anecdote from my trip to China, I warn of some of its inherent pedagogical and ethical challenges. I argue that teaching some of the "new directions" in religious studies scholarship might address these challenges. These include a turning away from the abstract (texts, beliefs, theologies) and towards the concrete (bodies, places, rituals); moving away from teaching religions as unchanging, ancient verities and instead emphasizing the impact that colonialism, modernization, and secularism have had; moving from searching for authenticity to questioning it; and emphasizing methodological self-consciousness. Keeping these new directions in mind will help ensure the study abroad experience is educationally successful. This essay serves as an introduction to a series of six additional essays comprising a special section of the journal (see Teaching Theology and Religion 18:1, January 2015).


In this paper, the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of a 0.8 μm WC–10%Co ultrafine cemented carbide was studied. The results show that the microstructural differences in ultrafine WC–Co cemented carbides without and with heat treatment are mainly reflected in the Co phase. For conventional cemented carbides, the hardness and wear resistance can be increased only at the expense of the toughness and strength. An ultrafine-grained WC–Co cemented carbide with good hardness and toughness can be obtained by strengthening the Co phase through an appropriate heat treatment process, and the service life of the ultrafine-grained WC–Co cemented carbide can be improved under actual cutting conditions.


A method for the decomposition of monazite sand using pyrophosphoric acid was reported, and its utility for the rapid analytical determination of the Th concentration of the sand was shown. Step-by-step procedures are given for the decomposition and analysis. (J.S.R.)


It is nowadays increasingly coming to be accepted that one of the most critical, and one of the most difficult, transformations required in an industrializing society is the adjustment of labour to the regularity and discipline of factory work.2 Current interest in this process has led to a certain amount of re-examination of the experience of Britain during the corresponding period of her development.3 Much more requires to be known, and only detailed research can add to our knowledge. The present article is less ambitious: it seeks to further the discussion by examining briefly the evidence available so far, and drawing some tentative conclusions. The subject will be treated analytically rather than historically, that is to say, the first generation of factory workers will be examined, irrespective of its appearance at different times in different industries.


To identity iodine, assessits concentration and analyse the variation of this concentration following the ripeness stages, its titrating from Capsicum annuum L. dried fruit extract by sodium thiosulfate and starch solution test were achieved. Small and big Capsicum annuum cultivars were planted according to completely randomised design onto eight rows with eight seedlings whose four was useful. One-factor Anova incorporating the means comparison according to Student-Newman-Keuls' test at 5% level was applied. Likewise, Pearson's linear correlation at 1‰00 probability was used. Results shown that small and big Capsicum annuum L. cultivars contained iodine. People should consum Capsicum annuum L. fruits to avoid goiter. Other animal and plant foods also contain iodine. Iodine concentration discriminated the fruit ripeness stages in small Capsicum annuum L. cultivar. At the pre-ripeness stage (PMG), iodine concentration was higher than the ripe one (MG). Consequently, the consumption of its fruits is recommended at pre-ripeness stage to optimise the ingesting of iodine. In the same way, iodine concentration of small Capsicum annuum L. cultivar at pre-ripeness stage was significantly higher than the big one. At such phenological stage it will be advised people to eat small Capsicum annuum L. fruit than the big one when fruit changes. Duration of "sowing-flowering", "sowing-fruit set" and "sowing-fructification" in small Capsicum annuum L. cultivar was shorter than in the big one. Such shorter duration of small Capsicum annuum L. will allow the early obtention of its fruits than those from the big one and thus, their early selling.


Objective To observe the effect of the psychological, personality and behavioral characteristics on smoking control in patients with initially diagnosed hypertension.Methods Eighty-four smoking patients, who were initially diagnosed with hypertension, all received the treatments for smoking control and ceasation, and were evaluated with Type A Behavior Questionnaire (TABQ), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90) respectively at 3 months after treatment.Results Thirty-eight cases had good efficacy of smoking control, and 46 cases had bad efficacy. The scores of TABQ, psychoticism (P) and neuroticism (N) in EPQ in the good efficacy group were significantly lower than those in bad efficacy group, but the score of Lie (L) in EPQ was significantly higher than that in the bad efficacy group (P0.05, P0.01); all items of SCL-90 (except paranoid ideation, negative item) were significantly lower in the good efficacy group than those in the bad efficacy group (P0.05,P0.01).Conclusion The personality characteristics, behavioral types and psychological manifestations are all the important factors that affect the efficacies of smoking control and ceasation.


We demonstrate record power and efficiency for 1.5micron fiber lasers using a cascaded Raman laser based on a new architecture with output power of 301W at 1480nm and optical to optical conversion efficiency of 42%.


Environmental monitoring systems often operate in remote locations and thus must be designed for energy-efficiency and reliability. As the main tasks of such systems are sensing, logging and delivering environmental measurements, the frequency with which are these operations executed significantly affects the overall energy consumption of the monitoring devices. This work presents the results of statistical analysis of environmental measurements (air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture and photosynthetically active radiation), and evaluates how the frequency of their collection affects the accuracy of collected samples. In particular, two independent approaches are discussed. The first approach is based on the concept of stationarity for evaluating time series models, while the second seeks to determine the probability density function through the combination of descriptive statistics with ANOVA parametric analysis. The results of these analyses show that different environmental variables should be sampled with different frequencies. Implementation of this principle will decrease energy requirements of the environmental monitoring devices, and allow their energy-efficient design and long-term uninterrupted operation under demanding field conditions.


In all mammalian females, follicular growth and maturation are essentially dependent on the pituitary gonadotropins, FSH and LH. These glycoprotein hormones have many similarities, but their action, based on high affinity binding to specific membrane receptors, are quite different. The purpose of this study was to perform a sensitive localization of FSH and LH in secretory granules of gonadotrophs using highly specific antisera. This morphological study included light microscopy (PAP) and electron microscopy (immunogold single and double labeling) procedures. Histologically, approximatively 11.5% of cells were positive for LH, whereas only 5.4% of cells were positive for FSH. With the electron microscope, single labeling allowed identification of morphologically distinct LH-containing cells and FSH-containing cells. Double immunostaining confirmed that no cells contained both hormones. The finding that FSH and LH are produced in separate pituitary cells is in agreement with recent studies that have suggested a specific role and regulatory process for gonadotropins in the bovine species.


Collaborative software supports teams involved in a common task in generating and sharing information over geographic distances. Such software is used in the cooperation between organisations, companies or individuals. The overall quality of the resulting information product depends on the quality of the individual contributions as well as on an underlying consolidation process. We therefore present different 'composition functions' indicating how the qualities of the contributions by single actors (qi) influence the quality of the aggregated information (Q). Based upon a qualitative empirical study of inter-organisational crisis management in Germany we match use cases with those composition functions and derive implications for the design of collaborative software.


Spherical microphone arrays have been recently studied for spatial sound recording, speech communication, and sound field analysis for room acoustics and noise control. Complementary studies presented progress in beamforming methods. This chapter reviews beamforming methods recently developed for spherical arrays, from the widely used delay-and-sum and Dolph-Chebyshev, to the more advanced optimal methods, typically performed in the spherical harmonics domain.


A colorimetric method based on the blue color developed by chlorocobaltic acid in a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution has been worked out for the determination of cobalt in domestic asbolan ores.The chief impurities besides silica in such ores are large amounts of oxides of manganese,aluminium and iron together with appreciable amounts of oxides of copper,zinc and nickel.It has been found that these impurities have negligible effect on the accuracy of cobalt determination provided that suitable amount of stannous chloride is present. Consequently,it is unnecessary to remove these impurities,and the time required for each determination is only 2 hours for ore samples and 10 minutes for cobalt- containing solutions. The present method has been compared with the electrolytic method and the nitroso-R-salt colorimetric method on three samples:(i)an asbolan ore from Chianghsi,China,(ii) a leaching solution of the same ore and (iii) a slag obtained by smelting the same ore.The results agree very well. A detailed procedure for the determination of cobalt in domestic asbolan ores has been suggested.


The platelet collagen receptor, glycoprotein (GP)VI, of the immunoreceptor family forms a complex with the von Willebrand factor (VWF) receptor, GPIb‐IX‐V, critical for initiating thrombus formation. GPVI is co‐associated with Fc receptor γ‐chain (FcRγ), which contains a cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif domain, involved in activation of Syk, and a signalling cascade leading to (i) activation of αIIbβ3, which binds VWF and fibrinogen and mediates platelet aggregation, and (ii) metalloproteinase‐mediated shedding of the GPVI ectodomain (blocked by Syk inhibitors), a key mechanism for regulating GPVI surface expression. In this study, we report a familial case of abnormal platelet aggregation with dysfunctional signalling through GPVI that uniquely demonstrates divergent αIIbβ3‐activating and GPVI‐shedding pathways. The patient is a 60‐year‐old female with a history of immune disorders, excessive bleeding from childhood and a life‐threatening haemorrhage post‐trauma. Platelet aggregation to ADP, thrombin receptor‐agonist peptide or ristocetin/VWF was normal (indicating normal expression and function of αIIbβ3), but platelet aggregation to GPVI agonists, collagen, collagen‐related peptide, or convulxin, was defective. Both GPVI/FcRγ expression and ligand‐induced GPVI ectodomain shedding were normal, confirming expression of functional GPVI/FcRγ, but suggesting a signalling defect downstream of Syk. A genetic defect in GPVI/Fcγ signalling compromising platelet function is hypothesised in this family.


This paper examines how pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension reform from a defined-benefit scheme to a defined-contribution scheme affects economic growth in an overlapping-generations model with endogenous growth. We show that in economies in which the old-age dependency ratio is high and the size of pension benefits under a defined-benefit scheme is large, such a pension reform mitigates the negative growth effect of population aging caused by a decline in the population growth rate or an increase in life expectancy.


The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is licensed for use in more than 25 countries. It has been available in Finland and Sweden since the early 1990s and it has been used by more than 2 million European women. Long-term use of the device does not increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. However as with other intrauterine devices the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease may be increased during the first 20 days following insertion. Like other hormonal contraceptives the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. When the device is removed endometrial changes reverse in two to six months; users may conceive immediately after removal depending on baseline fertility level. Rates of ectopic pregnancy in women using the device (0.02 per 100 woman-years) are lower than those observed in women using copper devices (0.25 per 100 woman-years) and women not using any form of contraception (0.12 to 0.5 per 100 woman-years). (excerpt)


This paper focuses upon large plant closures by multi-locational firms in urban areas. It argues that it is useful to disaggregate such closures into two categories: cessation closures and selective closures. This classification is applied to closures in Sheffield from 1979 to 1989 and a further distinction is drawn between inter-urban selective closures and intra-urban selective closures. The local environmental factors which had most effect on inter-urban selective closures are identified. It is argued that local policies may be able to influence plants at risk of selective closure (through manipulation of the environmental factors) but that local policies are unlikely to influence plants at risk of cessation closure.


In previous literature, an inclusive practice approach to counteract possible areas of concern regarding cloud-based security for virtual learning environments has been proposed. In this paper, the theoretical framework 'transformability theory' underpinning such a proposal is applied in the context of higher education. Practicalities and limitations applying to such an idealised approach in a real context are explored in the form of a case study. The case study includes both the multiple and mixed roles that learning analytics and usability play in cloudbased security. Whilst such roles provided by technology still rely on the need for a social and technical system approach based on a pedagogical focus aligned with educational beliefs, attitudes and practices, observations from the case study show that risks and threats can be managed on a perception and actual occurrence basis. Such encouraging findings from this pilot study support the need for a larger more substantial investigation into the theoretical approach. The proposal for this case study is very timely, due to the concerns surrounding both the cloud forensic problem and the potential impact of the provisions of the forthcoming EU General Data Protection Regulation. The case study will outline a workable approach to achieve high levels of both security and privacy, such that compliance with the new regulation can be achieved. Keywords–Inclusive education; security; privacy; cloud based systems; virtual learning environments; transformability theory.


There present invention provides a method for driving the liquid crystal pixels on the pixel array, the pixel driving method, each pixel includes a first subpixel and a second subpixel, wherein the first sub-pixel including a first display area and the second display area, the second sub-pixel comprises a first display area and the second display area, the pixel driving method comprising: providing a first voltage to the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel of the first display area; providing a second voltage to the first subpixel second display area and a second display area provides a third voltage to the second sub-pixel; when a first voltage is supplied to the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel is greater than a predetermined voltage, the second voltage adjustment, the second voltage is less than the third voltage.


In December 1800 the Evangelical Magazine published a 'Spiritual barometer; or, a scale of the progress of sin and of grace'. Towards the positive pole it was calibrated with the attributes and practices thought to characterise those destined for 'glory' and 'dismission from the body'; at the other extreme, graded in degrees of depravity, were the activities of those assumed to be heading heedlessly to 'death' and 'perdition'. Among the most heinous of sins, even more damning than attendance at the theatre, was 'love of novels'. Novel-reading was condemned as a hallmark of worldliness. Evangelicals believed that church and world were diametrically opposed and that the safest route to sanctity lay in separation from the world, its contaminating company and perverting practices: 'If we are not to think, to feel, to act, and to perish with the world, let a deep and wide interval yet exist between the habits of pleasure of the two parties.' Ignorance of evil was deemed bliss: to read novels was to become familiar with just such beliefs and behaviour as were avoided in everyday life. Moreover, it was argued that novelists rarely upheld Christian values: they depicted wickedness sympathetically and effectively denied that sin, an affront to God, had dire consequences. They therefore misled their readers in matters of ultimate importance. Evangelicals maintained that the worthiness of characters should be evaluated according to criteria which God might be assumed to adopt. Failure to reflect a biblical outlook on life was a culpable misrepresentation of reality.


The Health Promotion Model by Pender(l987) was used as the conceptual framework for analyzing the health promotion behaviors. The purposes of this study were to describe health promoting life style behaviors in 245 women between the ages of 35 and 59 living in Seoul and other cities and to find their predictive factors. Data were collected from 1st to 23th. June. 1998. The tool used for this study was structured questionnaire with consisted of 8 items on general characteristics. 5 items on health related characteristics. 43 items on health promoting life style. 28 items on menopausal symptoms. 5 items on family support. and 28 items on self-efficacy. The collected data were analyzed using the SAS. yielding descriptive statistics. ANOVA. Pearson's Correlation. stepwise multiple regression. The findings of this study are as follows. 1) The mean score of health promotion behavior(3.25) is not high. The mean scores of this self actualization (3.73). interpersonal support (3.68). and nutrition (3.57). regulation of stress (3.22) in domains are higher than health responsibility (2.90). exercise (2.63). 2) The results of the comparison between the health promotion behaviors and general variables showed a statistically significant difference in education (P=.0061), domestic economy status(P=.0001). perception of health status(P=.0001) but. age. state of menstruation. perception of weight is not significant difference. 3) The correlation between health promoting life style and self-efficacy(P=.0001). family support(P=.0001) is significant. But. there is no correlation between health promoting life style and age. number of family. perception of weight. 4) In the cognitive-perceptual factors. self-efficacy (P=.0001) is very significant predictor (accounted for ) and in the modifying factors. family support(P=.0001) is very significant (accounted for ). It is same to other research results.


This work is related to the preparation of polymer-clay nanocomposites (PCNs) by the exfoliation-adsorption technique, from atactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in solution, using Bentonite (B) as a layered-silicate natural clay. To optimize the intercalation of B with PMMA, it has been organically modified (OB) with a quaternary ammonium salt that helps the interchange of cations, and thus converting its hydrophilic surface to an organophilic one. An investigation of the morphology and molecular motions or dynamics of the net polymer film as well as the PCN final films was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Infra-Red Spectroscopy (IR), Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Currents (TSDC), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) techniques. One of our interests was to discuss the solvent influence on the polymeric matrix. Herein, comparative studies of the effects of different solvents on the thermal and dielectric properties of the net PMMA films are reported. Four solvents were used to prepare the films, toluene, dichlorometane, tetrahydrofuran and acetone.


Over the last decade, the mobile applications market reached an enormous size. Due to their friendly user interface and high potential to ease our daily routines, apps can quickly captivate a large heterogeneous consumer base. However, they also brought new privacy concerns for consumers. Many apps access the device's sensors to collect the user's personal data, which they send to cloud. Android currently has some measures to protect its users' privacy by informing what resources each app has access to. However, this strategy is not enough for users to understand or control what happens to their sensitive data, as only stating what data is accessed by an app, tells little about how the application processes it internally. To improve users' understanding and control over how apps handle their private data, we propose a trusted middleware between users and Android applications. Crystalline allows developers to program with a privacy-oriented framework while empowering users with the ability to control how their sensitive data flows within each app. We adapted some ideas introduced in a recently proposed solution for privacy in smart home environments into an Android compatible framework that does not require any modifications to the OS while still securing the user's personal privacy policies for each application. An experimental evaluation shows that Crystalline gives users control over their data without compromising the smooth running of applications.


Starting with the CAM of Mastercam X software,this paper introduces the application of the thread cycle instruction in FANUC 0i-TB CNC turning system,and then this paper analyses and researches on the thread cycle instructions of CAM in Mastercam X software,that match FANUC 0i-TB system.It also introduces how to get the relevant parameters setting method of various thread cycle instructions from Mastercam X software.


Suzuki's scaling theory for transient phenomena is applied to the calculation of the kinetics of phase separation in the early-to-intermediate stage based on a nonlinear theory proposed by Langer, Bar-on, and Miller (LBM). Calculated results are compared with experimental data on light scattering from a polymer blend system. Deviations from predictions of Cahn's linearized theory in the early time range of phase separation can be explained well by the proposed method of calculation. Nonlinear effects are found to play an essential role in characterizing the light scattering behavior of phase separation in the intermediate stage. Time evolutions of the single-point distribution function of composition are calculated


Background:

Observational studies and randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that RBC transfusions can alleviate or prevent many complications of sickle cell disease (SCD). Obligatory iron loading is most problematic for those receiving chronic simple transfusions and is managed with chelation therapy to prevent hepatic, cardiac, and endocrinologic complications. Erythrocytapheresis procedures are increasingly used in SCD as they achieve dilution of hemoglobin S without significantly raising the total hematocrit. Some guidelines for the management of iron overload use serum ferritin levels, but non-invasive measurements of liver iron concentration (LIC) using validated and widely available MRI techniques have been described. There is a paucity of data elucidating the impact of long-term erythrocytapheresis (LTE) on LIC. We evaluated LIC with MRI and serial serum ferritin measurements among a population of SCD patients maintained on LTE at a single institution.

Methods :

Subjects with SCD maintained on the LTE program included those with elevated TCD, history of stroke, recurrent acute chest syndrome, or frequent pain crises unresponsive to hydroxyurea therapy. Serial serum ferritin measurements were followed and chelation with deferasirox was initiated for consistent ferritin level >1000 ng/mL. MRI of liver and cardiac iron was measured on all LTE subjects with non-contrast MRI techniques. A total of n=31 subjects maintained on LTE were enrolled and stratified into two groups: high LIC, ≥5mg/g of dry tissue (n=4, 12.9%) and low LIC, <5mg/g (n=27, 87.1%). Chi-squared and t-test were used to test for differences between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to test what impacted the odds of having a high LIC, while generalized linear mixed-effects modeling was used to test what impacted LIC.

Results:

None of the subjects had high cardiac iron concentration. Subjects with high LIC were significantly older (17.8 vs. 13.1, p=0.032) and were more likely to be female (100% vs. 44.4%, p=0.038). The duration of LTE was not associated with high and low levels of LIC (8.25 vs. 6.15, p=0.240, [Figure 1][1]), levels of LIC (r=0.247, p=0.188, [Figure 2][2]), or serum ferritin (r=0.077, p=0.680). The total number of simple of transfusions was not associated with serum ferritin (r=-0.177, p=0.558) or LIC (r=-0.022, p=0.910). Serum ferritin was not significantly associated with LIC (r=0.296, p=0.112, [Figure 3][3]). One of the 4 patients with high LIC required chelation with deferasirox for ferritin >1000 ng/mL. Three of the 31 subjects required iron chelation with deferasirox.

Conclusions:

There was no significant correlation between duration of LTE and LIC. The impact of cumulative simple transfusions on LIC was obviated by maintenance LTE. These findings are consistent with reports that LTE is associated with reduced transfusional iron overload. The lack of significant association between serum ferritin and LIC suggest that validated MRI measurements of LIC may have greater sensitivity for identifying patients with iron overload and guidelines for iron chelation should consider LIC rather than serum ferritin alone.

![Figure 1.][4]

Figure 1.
Duration of LTE (years) was not associated with high and low levels of LIC.

![Figure 2.][4]

Figure 2.
Duration of LTE was not associated with levels of LIC.

![Figure 3.][4]

Figure 3.
Serum ferritin was not significantly associated with LIC.

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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 [4]: pending:yes


The launch of the new International Communication Association journal Communication, Culture & Critique heralds the creation of a much needed international forum for critical media scholars—political economists, cultural critics, and ethnographers—from a wide variety of theoretical orientations and perspectives—postcolonial, Marxist, and feminist—to debate the ''social, cultural, and political dimensions of our media-saturated world'' (from journal description online). The journal's accommodation of multiple genres of writing (research papers, commentaries, critiques, and work in progress) and its explicit commitment to the goals listed below are especially heartening to scholars in postcolonial studies:


The article presents in a comprehensive manner the necessary steps to conduct an investigation within the psychoanalytic field, addressing the formulation of the problem, the definition of the method, as well as outlines a road map to guide the work development.


Early Paleocene marine sediments are recorded from a single dredge sample taken from the continental slope (3533–3306 m) off the central coast of New South Wales. They probably belong to the Early Paleocene NP4 calcareous nannoplankton zone (P1c or P1d/P2 in standard formainiferal zonal terms) and thus are the first Palaeogene marine rocks known from the region and the first record of marine biota of this age from the Australian margin other than Western Australia. The age is based on analysis of calcareous nannofossils. The sediment accumulated in very shallow, warm, fully marine conditions, apparently off a coast of periodically low runoff, and the fauna lacks any planktonic foraminiferal species. While it is domainated by several typically Paleocene benthic forms well known from southern and southwestern Australia, several otherwise typical Australian forms appear to be absent. Fabiania (the new species F. macgowrani) is recorded for the first time from Australia, apparently the earliest known occurren...


A theoretical study is made of the lateral force on a spherical rigid particle sedimenting with a constant velocity in an incompressible viscous fluid bounded by a vertical cylindrical wall. Results are obtained up to the first-order effects of boundaries using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The sphere experiences a lateral force towards the axis everywhere and its magnitude is proportional to the distance from the axis to the position of the sphere when the distance is not so large and has a maximum value near the wall.


Adaptive hierarchical modulation is an effective technique to improve the spectral efficiency for multi-service transmission in high-speed railway (HSR) communication systems. Many efforts have been devoted to studying this technique with the perfect channel state information (CSI) assumption. However, the fast time-varying fading channels and feedback delay lead that the perfect CSI cannot be obtained in HSR scenario. Therefore, the performance of the existing non-robust hierarchical modulation schemes degrades severely. This paper proposes a robust adaptive hierarchical modulation scheme, which can bear multiple services in one symbol with different QoS requirements. The closed form bit error rate (BER) expressions of the robust hierarchical modulation scheme are derived, then the adaptive transmission strategy of the HSR communication system is designed. Finally, the performance of the robust hierarchical modulation scheme is evaluated by extensive simulations. Comparing with the uniform modulation scheme, the overall spectral efficiency increases by 15% when the train is at 500 km/h.


The objective of the research was to analyze the virtual learning objects and the PLECA method as a didactic strategy in the teaching of Entrepreneurship and Management at the high school level in different districts and areas of the Ministry of Education of Ecuador. Methodologically, it was descriptive with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. It should be emphasized that the diagnosis made through this research showed that there is a great need for teachers to transform their way of teaching to interpret their subject in different ways and adapt them to new teaching-learning technologies, a challenge that can be overcome by providing them with Adequate means and training, for this purpose it is proposed to put into practice the PLECA Management Model proposed in this article.


The American artist Spencer Tunick is internationally known for organizing and photographing massive nude gatherings in public spaces, including parks, streets, and squares. His work has generated great controversies regarding the juxtaposition of public space, nudity, and art. Tunick refers to these events as "temporary site-specific installations" (Rosenfeld, 1999). When Tunick started his artistic project in 1992, the installations were performed quickly to avoid confrontations with authority, and involved either individuals or small groups. Since 2001, however, several museums and art institutions around the world, including the Musee d'Art Contemporain de Montreal and the Baltic Center for Contemporary Art in Newcastle, have commissioned Tunick's installations. Most of these installations have taken place either inside the museum's facilities or in front of their facades.  These have engaged thousands of nude volunteers, who refer to their experience of modeling as nude bodies in public space as, "meaningful, remarkable, memorable, transformative" (Young, 2005, p. 4). The use of Spencer Tunick's collective nude installations has transformed the museum space. Considering the public's profound experience in participating in Tunick's work, several examples will examine how these transformations mostly occur in the intangible realm of the nude participant's memory of a cathartic experience within the museum space. These examples will also investigate possible transformations initiated by the museum space in Tunick's artistic production.  The memory of the fleeting construction is also material-ized in the final art object: the photograph, which stands as the installation's official document. Finally, the study analyses how the museum has become the institutional space where the experience provided by Spencer Tunick's controversial work is legally authorized, in a symbiotic relationship between the artist and the museum.


An adapted methodology for assessing Land Degradation Neutrality is proposed. It is shown that the factor of overgrowth of agricultural lands and settlements should be assessed as a sign of degradation. The ways of adjusting the calculation of indicators of land quality are considered. According to the updated data, the area of degraded lands of the Tver region for the period 2001-2017 increased by 4% and is 5.1%.


Exuberance is about more than appearance. Yael Reisner argues that it engenders an emotional response. It provides a whole 'depth-scape' of expression by offering extensive qualities that go beyond the merely practical or the required. Exuberance proffers a full emotional range from the horrific to the sublime, which requires complexity but also the presence of creative personalities who lend personal interpretation to the design process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


New tests and measurements performed (Othello Facility, EFDA Task) on TF mock up cooling inlet and different central spirals (characteristics: hydraulic outer diameter and perforation ratio) are presented, as well as the new model of singular and linear friction factor. The ITER Coils CICC hydraulic length pressure drop is determined in operating conditions (m=8 g/s, P=0.6 MPa and T=5 K): the important result is an increase in linear pressure drop for the TF (290 Pa/m) and CS (430 Pa/m), in comparison with prototype model coils TFMC (100 Pa/m) and CSMC (180 Pa/m). The main reason is the reduction of the central spiral diameter and associated increase of friction factor and bundle to total mass flow ratio α (from 1/3 up to 2/3 typically). The ratio of singular cooling inlet to CICC linear pressure drop is estimated: TF mock up ratio (3 m) is lower than previous CS mock up tested (12 m), due to design changes. The cryogenic power necessary to compensate the CICC pressure drop is calculated for the 4 primary...


Fair Debt Collection Practices Improvement Act of 2001 - Amends the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act to permit continuation of collection activities and communications during the 30-day period following notice of debt, unless the consumer requests cessation of such activities.Broadens prescriptions governing debtor's civil liability to include a series of class actions arising out of the same violations by the same debt collector.Disallows recovery of legal fees that accrue after the date of a consumer's refusal of a debt collector's settlement offer which is greater than or equal to the final judgment award (including participants in a class action or series of class actions).Requires the court to consider the amount of actual damages awarded when it determines the amount of liability.Declares that a debt collector shall not be liable if the preponderance of the evidence shows that the violation resulted from good faith compliance with either Federal or State rules of civil procedure, or with a non-judicial foreclosure proceeding.


A prospective, controlled, observer‐masked study was conducted to investigate the suitability of contact lenses for patients with diabetes mellitus. Forty diabetic patients and 40 non‐diabetic control subjects were fitted with soft hydrogel contact lenses to be worn on a daily wear basis for 12 months. The ocular response was assessed using slit lamp biomicroscopy, ultrasonic pachometry, corneal aesthesiometry and visual acuity measures. Compared to non‐diabetic subjects, diabetic patients displayed significantly reduced corneal transparency, variable vision and reduced comfort with the contact lenses(p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to ocular hyperaemia, corneal staining, corneal thickness, corneal sensitivity or high contrast visual acuity. Contrary to previous reports, the response of the diabetic eye to contact lenses—as observed clinically—does not differ appreciably from that of the non‐diabetic eye. These results suggest that current generation daily wear soft contact lenses can be a viable mode of vision correction for diabetic patients.


Existing work indicates that retention through election induces larger effects on judicial votes in criminal cases than retention through appointment. Yet existing work has addressed neither case selection effects across retention institutions, nor heterogeneous treatment effects by defendant and judge race. Leveraging the unique retention institutions governing New York State's intermediate appellate judges, we report the first within-justice estimates of the effects of both reelection and reappointment incentives on judicial votes in criminal appeals. Our findings indicate that impending judicial reappointment induces a 49 52% within-justice decrease in pro-defendant votes in appeals involving black defendants heard by all-white panels, but has no effects on votes in other cases. We find no additional effects of impending reelection on appellate justice votes in criminal appeals. Our findings suggest the need for greater attention devoted both to potential selection effects, and to heterogeneous effects by defendant and judge race, in studies of judicial retention institutions. ∗Department of Politics, New York University, email: firstname.lastname@example.com. †Department of Politics, New York University, email: firstname.lastname@example.com.


In non‐ischaemic myocardium glucose uptake is assumed to be proportional to blood flow. We investigated the effect of regional vascular heterogeneity on glucose metabolism at various flow rates in the isolated blood‐perfused dog hearts. Aortic bolus injections contained an intravascular reference tracer (albumin) and two of three glucoses: L‐glucose (an extracellular tracer), D‐glucose and 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose. Flow ranged from 0·5 to 2·4 ml min–1 g–1. Vascular heterogeneity was calculated from the albumin outflow dilution curve. A three‐region, convection‐diffusion model was fitted to outflow dilution curves to estimate glucose metabolic rate (consumption). The results of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose experiments showed that the lumped constant was dependent on flow, glucose metabolic rate was proportional to flow and dependent on the heterogeneity of the myocardial vasculature. The results support the views that without accounting the regional flow heterogeneity, glucose metabolic rate will be underestimated.


The present invention relates to a gypsum whisker. It is a needle alpha-type hemi-hydrated gypsum crystal, its diameter is 2-4 micrometers and its length-to-diameter ratio is 50-100. Its production method uses natural or chemical dihydrated gypsum as raw material, and its process includes the following steps: grinding, preparing slurry material, hydrothermal reaction, liquid separation, surface treatment and drying. In the course of preparing material 0.1-0.5% of gypsum whiskers as crystal seed and 0.1-0.5% of aliphatic salt of alkali metal as crystal-rotating agent are added.


In this article, a wideband watt-level digital power amplifier (DPA) with high efficiency and large dynamic range is presented in CMOS technology for wireless applications. To achieve high output power with enhanced operation bandwidth (BW), the wideband matching network based on a reconfigurable power-combining transformer is used. Meanwhile, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$ </tex-math></inline-formula> circuit is used to suppress the harmonics, which further improves the output power of the fundamental signal. In addition, the LO leakage is suppressed by the 12-bit power digital-to-analog converter (power DAC), which leads to high dynamic range of the proposed DPA. To verify the mechanism, a 1.2–3.6-GHz watt-level 12-bit polar DPA is implemented and fabricated using a conventional 40-nm CMOS technology. With 1.1-/2.5-V supply, the fabricated DPA exhibits peak output power (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\text {out}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 32.67 dBm, peak drain efficiency (DE) of 45.1%, and peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 35.5% at 2 GHz. It supports 50-MSyms/s 256-QAM with average output power (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\text {avg}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 22.76 dBm, error vector magnitude (EVM) of −31.46 dB, and adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of −30.67 dBc, 10-MSyms/s 1024-QAM with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\text {avg}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 25.54 dBm, EVM of −38.2 dB, and ACLR of −38.71 dBc, and 5-MSym/s 4096-QAM with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\text {avg}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 22.97 dBm, EVM of −43.0 dB, and ACLR of −46.32 dBc, respectively.


Abstract Mixtures of fluorinated and hydrogenated compounds display peculiar properties arising from their mutual phobicity and the same applies to semifluorinated species in which a reciprocal phobicity pattern exists within the same molecule. The interest in assemblies comprising these species stems from the ease in which self-sorting can take place, allowing the preparation of compartmentalised molecular aggregates with unique hydrophobic patterns or surface features. Most importantly, this is the result of molecular properties rather than specifically designed fabrication techniques. This brief overview describes some examples that are instrumental to present the features of fluorinated/hydrogenated supramolecular assemblies in which self-sorting of the dislike units takes place at different length scales. This review is focussed on flat assemblies such as self-assembled monolayers on gold surfaces, Langmuir Blodgett films and on three dimensional assemblies such as micelles, vesicles and nanoparticles.


The causes of canopy stratification were investigated in five mixed stands of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.), hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carr.), and white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) in eastern Maine. All species were present in all crown classes; however, there was a clear pattern of pine dominance and eventual emergence. Red spruce was prevalent in the middle stratum, and hemlock most common in the lower strata. Canopy stratification was caused by interspecific differences in shade tolerance and height growth, and by multicohort structures. The multicohort structures developed as a result of episodic partial disturbances such as spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana Clemens) outbreaks and partial harvesting that both initiated regeneration and released previously suppressed trees of older, surviving cohorts. Spatial and temporal variability in disturbances created extremely variable patterns of competition among cohorts, resulting in a more complex developmental pattern than would be found in a single-c...


Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is a food seasoning that is widely used. Consumption of MSG in excessive doses can cause an excess of free radicals in the body that trigger oxidative stress and finally affect the reproductive system hormones. These free radicals can be suppressed by administration of antioxidants. Rhizomes of Curcuma xanthorrhiza extracts containantioxidants and they are widely grown. Theyare used as traditional medicine in Indonesia. This experiment was conducted to investigatewhether rhizomes of Curcuma xanthorrhiza extracts areable to inhibit decreasing endometrial thickness in female mice after receiving orally MSG-treatment.This research adoptedtrue experimental posttest only control group design . It includes 25 mice that were divided into 5 groups: control K1 (CMC) and K2 (MSG), treatment group (MSG and rhizomes of Curcuma xanthorrhiza extracts with dose of 0,4 mg/gBW, 0,8 mg/gBW, 1,2 mg/gBW).In addition, the mice's endometrium were removed to be subsequently stained using Hematoxillin-Eosin. Thickening of uterus was observed and measured with 40x magnitude using Microphoto Microscope Olympus. Data was analized using One Way ANOVA. The research finally comes with a result showing that there were not any significant differences discovered from the endometrium thickening from the five tested groups (p>0,05). Therefore, it is implied that rhizomes of Curcuma xanthorrhiza extracts has no effect on endometrial thickness of uterus by oral MSG-treatment. Keywords : MSG, curcuma, endometrium


Abstract We report on the possibility of using nematic Liquid crystals which change sign of dielectric anisotropy to control the light beam cross-section, light polarization and filtration.