Marine fisheries will have to play a crucial role in augmenting supplies both In the domestic as wall as export markets. Thrust of the development will be on deepsea and brackishwater resources. Ths exploitation of these resources, particularly deepsea, will require a rapid transition from charter of vessels to joint ventures aid owned fleat with modern and sophisticated technology. Creation of sizeable owned fleet wou'd require massive credit and fiscal aupport. I his thrust for exploitation of deepsea resources can be sustained with concerted attempts to formulate and implement strategies for product development and marketing In both domestic as well as export markets. This will also require the attention to develop the necessary infrastructure to hendle such vessels, onshore processing facilities, batter management of fishing harbours, cold chiin grid in the domestic markets, development of trensit and terminal markets at wholesale and retail levels. Boatbuilding yards will have to take up new challenges. This also throws up challenges for net-marketing industry in this country. All these developments would also require massive efforts for training and development of manpower. This paper deals with all these areas in a systems framework and suggests appropriate policy suppoit measures for strengthening various elements of the system. The country has made remarkable progress in the sea food exports particularly in the recent years when the export has crossed Rs. 400 crores. In this sense the strategy for marine fisheries development in India may be considered successful. But a critical review of the performance indicates some of the weaknesses: 1) Shrimp has dominated the exports in all the years in value terms (Table-i;. About 82% of the total sea food exports in 1986 were shrimps. 2) The exports have been basically confined to Japan and U. S. A. The other markets (western Europe and elsewhere) have accounted for not more than 15% of the total value of the sea food exports. 3) The supplies to domestic market have been mainly as a residual factor from the mechanized boats (except from the motorized traditional crafts in Kerala and Gujarat). There has been a growing demand-supply gap for edible fish in the domestic market resulting in a more rapid rise in fish prices than all other commodities (Table-2). It may also be noted that although inland fish production was only one-third of the TABLE 1. Shrimp exports from India


Functional diversity (FD) experiments are highly effective for investigating how a community interacts with its environment. However, such experiments using morphological and chemical traits have not been conducted for submerged aquatic plants and their insights would be highly valuable for understanding the ecology of these communities. We conducted a 15-week field experiment in the Baltic Sea where we manipulated the species composition of aquatic plant communities to investigate functional diversity. We constructed artificial triculture communities with different species compositions to change the Community Weighted Means (CWMs) and variability of traits. We measured nine plant traits and tested how community productivity (CP) was related to FD, trait CWMs and community trait ranges. CP varied by more than four times across treatments and functional richness was significantly related to CP. Functional evenness and functional divergence were not significantly related to CP. Height, leaf area and δ13C were significantly related to CP. Leaf δ13C trends with CP suggested that the carbon supply is not replete, yet species composition was partly responsible for the relationship. Plant height likely had multifaceted benefits to CP because there was evidence of a competitive height interaction between the tallest and 2nd tallest species, therefore the effects of plant height to CP would have been disproportionally large. The height of the tallest species significantly drove the variability of the community height range, which was significantly related to CP and it had a relatively large influence on the calculation of FD indices. Leaf area, which was strongly correlated to plant height, was also significantly related to CP. The significant relationship between functional richness and CP was most likely driven by the presence of taller plants. FD likely enhanced CP, by selecting for extreme trait values which enhanced production (selection effect), while niche complementarity effects were not observed. This study provides experimental evidence and mechanistic insights into the role of FD and specific traits for CP in submerged aquatic plant communities. To conclude, FD was significantly related to CP of temperate aquatic plant communities likely by selecting for traits which enhanced light capture, with consequences for carbon supply.


THOUGH analyses of the amino-acids present in caseinogen and lactalbumin of cow's milk have been frequently made, analyses of the corresponding proteins of woman's milk are lacking. The reason is probably the difficulty of procuring sufficient woman's milk for the preparation of an adequate quantity of each protein for analysis. Through the kind help of the Directors of the Mothercraft Training Society it has been possible to collect sufficient woman's milk to make from 10 to 20 g. of each of the proteins. These proteins have been analysed for those amino-acids which can now be quantitatively estimated. At the same time the proteins of cow's milk have been prepared and analysed concurrently so as to obtain comparative figures. This research has arisen from the question whether the nutritive value of the proteins of cow's milk, generally diluted with an equal volume of water, is equal to that of undiluted woman's milk. With the receipt of many samples of woman's milk the opportunity was taken of recording the distribution of the nitrogen as caseinogen, as lactalbumin and as non-protein nitrogen, as well as the calcium and total and inorganic phosphorus. The several samples of caseinogen and lactalbumin have also been analysed for their nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus contents. A summary is given of the various amino-acids in the proteins and in woman's and cow's milks.


Chemical vapor deposition polymerization is used to prepare submicron thin films of poly(p-xylylenes) with distinct chemical and optical properties. The polymers are prepared from 13 different [2.2]paracyclophanes with variable degrees of substitution and functionalities including hydroxy, methoxy, amino, triflate, or trifluoroacetyl groups. The chemical composition of the poly(p-xylylenes) is in good accordance with expected chemical structures as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, microanalysis, and reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopy. For all polymers, basic optical properties, such as extraordinary and ordinary indices of refraction, are reported and reveal optical anisotropy of the coatings. Experimental data correlate well with data generated by a uniaxial Cauchy dispersion model. Furthermore, a distinct correlation between refractive indices and the electronic properties of the functional groups is observed. Similarly, optical birefringence depends on the nature of the functiona...


Predator-prey interactions constitute a major ecological process, which affects individuals, populations, and communities and links various organisms within and across ecosystems. Indeed, as all heterotrophs must procure their food from other organisms, and most organisms are at some risk for becoming a food-source for others, one could argue that predation (used in the broadest sense to also include herbivory and parasitism) is the fundamental mechanism of energy exchange among organisms. In addition, some workers view predation as an important evolutionary force that may have contributed notably to the history of life over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales (e.g., Vermeij 1977, 1987, Signor & Brett 1984, Leighton 2003; but see Kowalewski et al. 2005, Madin et al. 2006). Consequently, predation has received increasing attention among paleontologists, as reflected by recent books (Kowalewski & Kelley 2002, Kelley et al. 2003) and journal theme issues (Leighton &Aronowsky 2003) devoted exclusively to the fossil record of predator-prey interactions. This theme issue represents a series of papers that bridge an important gap, which typically separates ecological research on modern biota from paleoecological research in deep time. On the one hand, all case studies included in this issue focus on modern marine shellfish and represent ecological settings and time scales. On the other, the studies target shellfish organisms representing groups that dominate the marine fossil record (molluscs, brachiopods, and arthropods), and center on processes and patterns of direct paleontological relevance. To this end, the compiled studies use the actuopaleontological approach primarily: they use modern settings and present-day organisms to augment our understanding of the fossil record and bring together neontological and paleontological perspectives. In addition, these detailed case studies also stand on their own as useful contributions to the ecological literature. The reports included here summarize seven actuopaleontological research projects conducted by graduate students who attended a 5-wk graduate-level field course conducted at Friday Harbor Laboratories (FHL) of the University ofWashington in July and August 2004. Each paper represents an individual case study developed and conducted over the period of five weeks by a single student. The papers are summarized in Table 1. They represent a diverse array of approaches, ranging from highly controlled experimental studies conducted in a laboratory setting (Fig. 1) to projects relying on field sampling and/or direct field observations (Fig. 2). The projects are also diverse in that they target a variety of predator-prey and parasite-host systems. The latter type of interactions is included here in recognition of numerous ecological and evolutionary parallels that may be shared by parasite-driven and predator-driven interactions. Finally, the studies use a variety of analytical and data collecting strategies highlighting the wealth of research strategies available to actuopaleontologists. Whereas some of the projects are somewhat preliminary in nature, which is not surprising given the stringent limitation of a 5-wk time window for data collection imposed on the students, the reports rely on rigorous quantitative data backed by statistical tests. All in all, we believe that all of these projects will prove to be useful contributions to the shellfish literature and of interest to a diverse audience, including biologists and paleontologists.


Eric Flynn,1 Daniel Lay,1 Sylvester Agbemava,2 Pablo Giuliani,2, 3 Kyle Godbey,2 Witold Nazarewicz,1 and Jhilam Sadhukhan4, 5 Department of Physics and Astronomy and FRIB/NSCL Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA FRIB/NSCL Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA Physics Group, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India (Dated: March 7, 2022)


The invention discloses a method and a device of dispatching a system information module in a UMTS system to solve the problem that the current UMTS system can not guarantee the successful dispatching of the system information module. The method of the invention comprises that the validity of the current disposition data of all the information modules is determined, the information modules include a dispatching module and a system information module, the corresponding system information dispatching schedule is chosen according to the determination result and the needed dispatching module and the related dispatching information between every dispatching module and every information module are decided and the related dispatching information is provided to a user terminal. The invention can correctly determine the needed dispatching module needed when calling the system information and the dispatching information of every system information module to guarantee the effectiveness and the credibility of the dispatching of the system information module.


This thesis examines a form of relating, relating as conocidos, which involves requesting and granting favours and deals with issues of reciprocation across a temporal and spatial dimension. Conceptually, this research distances itself from normative and instrumental approaches to networks of relations. It proposes an understanding of relational processes in which non-unitary subjects engage dynamically in reciprocal activities which hold them accountable. The thesis draws on theories of reciprocation and gift giving, and resorts to Bourdieu's theory of practice as a frame for understanding relating as conocidos. The fieldwork relies on two complementary methods of investigation, participant observation and unstructured interviews, and was undertaken over the course of three visits to the rural towns of Hermigua and San Sebastian in La Gomera, an island of the Canarian Archipelago. Observations were recorded daily in a fieldwork diary, and the interviews were analysed with the help of ATLAS/ti. Empirically, the thesis explores the relevance of temporal and spatial markers in practising relations. It looks at the contextual code of practice, within which people engage in intricate strategies in order to perform relating as conocidos under community surveillance. Finally, the thesis examines the discursive realm in which relating as conocidos is understood, identifying the citizen's discourse, based on ideas of equality and the islander's discourse, based on ideas of fairness and performed through trust. The thesis ends with a discussion of the relevant conceptual and empirical contributions, and provides alternative ways of making sense of the practice of relating as conocidos. The tensions and co-existence of these two discourses introduce relating as conocidos as an accepted practice in caring for others or as an unacceptable form of corruption.


Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane on spatitial cognitive function and the mRNA expressions of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and the subunits of NR1 and NR2B in the hippocampus of elderly rats during the cerebral blood flow changes.Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group (Ⅰ,n=8),2% sevoflurane group (Ⅱ,n=8),3% sevoflurance group (Ⅲ,n=8) and sevoflurane-ischemia-group (Ⅳ,n=6).All rats received 0%,2%,3% sevoflurane and O2 in a flow rate of 2 L·min-1 and N2(6 L·min-1),100 min every day for 5 days,respectively.In group Ⅳ,left common cartid artery was ligated before a week of the mixed gas exposure.The cognitive function was tested 4 times a day for 5 consecutive days using Morris water maze.The animals were killed after the Morris water maze test performance.NR,NR1 and NR2B mRNA expressions in the hippocampus were determined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The mean of latency period in Ⅰ-Ⅳ groups graduatly shorterned from 88s to 36s on day 1-5,and the swimming distance shortened from 851cm to 485cm.The swimming distance was significantly shorter on the 5th day than on the 1st day in groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P0.01).The latency period on the 1st day of group Ⅲ and on 1-5th day of group Ⅳ were significantly longer than in control group.The quadrant of hidden-platform of group Ⅲ and Ⅳ were obviously shorter than that of group Ⅰ.The NR mRNA expression in group Ⅲ and NR2B mRNA expression in group Ⅳ were markedly higher than group Ⅰ.Conclusion Sevoflurane inhibits cognitive function of elderly rats in dose-dependent manner.Cerebral blood flow deficits influences the effect of sevoflurane on cognitive function in old rats.Sevoflurane at high concentration may inhibit the capacity of NMDA receptor.


(Cobalt)n(benzene)m− cluster anions, (n,m) were generated by laser vaporization and studied by both mass spectrometry and anion photoelectron spectroscopy. Our assignment of the photoelectron spectrum of the (1,2) cluster anion suggests that it possesses a sandwich structure with the cobalt atom located between two parallel benzene rings, that the ground state of this anion is a singlet, and that the ground state of its corresponding neutral is a doublet. The photoelectron spectra of cobalt-rich cluster anions of the form (n,1) are interpreted as cobalt metal cluster anions which have been solvent-stabilized by their interaction with, in each case, a single benzene molecule. The photoelectron spectra of the benzene-rich cluster anions, (2,3), (2,2), and (3,3), are tentatively interpreted as suggesting extended sandwich structures for these anion complexes.


Nuclear structure corrections to the weak charge in atomic parity nonconservation (PNC) experiments are analyzed. Measurement of PNC effects along an isotope chain might represent a useful method to circumvent the present atomic theory uncertainty in tests of the Standard model of electroweak interactions. Neutron distributions of Cs, Ba, Yb and Pb isotopes are calculated with the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model, and the uncertainty of the calculated isotope shifts of neutron radii is analyzed.


The preliminary experimental data on production in the reaction Ni(1.93 A GeV) + Ni point to a puzzling high yield, which cannot be reproduced with present transport codes. We survey the experimental situation and present prospects for dedicated measurements of the multiplicities with the K+K? and e+e? channels at HADES and FOPI.


Examines the workload consequences for interlibrary loan departments when patrons′ requests for interlibrary lending are made easier. In particular, looks at new ILL methods with the advent of LAN systems and OCLC introduced at the University of Colorado libraries.


The nucleation of CuSi precipitate colonies in silicon containing substantial amounts of oxygen has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that oxygen in Si can influence precipitation of Cu by generating prismatic dislocation loops at the interface between the Si matrix and oxygen‐rich precipitates. Such loops act as nucleation sites for CuSi precipitates, which form star‐shaped colonies upon continued solid solution decomposition.


In agriculture, many tools are used for tillage, in particular arable land for the cultivation prepare. The tools are usually pulled by tractors on growing areas. Such tools are being affected by the intended use of highly stressed, in addition, these are highly demanded by contamination during operation. The object of the present invention to provide a harrow for agriculture, which is structurally designed to be particularly easy. For this purpose, a ground working device 1 for agriculture with a shaft portion 2, having a bearing device 4, and a hub portion 3 is proposed, wherein the hub portion 3 is mounted on the bearing means 4 on the shaft portion 2, wherein the bearing device 4 comprises an outer ring 5, wherein the harrow 1 comprises a snap ring 25, the outer ring 5, a receiving groove 22 and the hub section 3 has a counter-groove 23, which define a receiving space 24, wherein the snap ring is arranged in the receiving space 24 25, so that the hub portion 3 on the outer ring 5 is arranged non-displaceably in the axial direction ,.


This simple yet hopeful book, the outcome of the work of the readers with an overview of the productive fusion of Greek thought with the truth of the Catholic faith. A wide range of readers will Heart of Culture , including university students, teachers, and parents. The authors take a chronological view of western education, starting by describing paideia their search for the rele-vant This paper is a review of the book: Habiger Institute for Catholic Leadership, The Heart of Culture (Providence, R.I.: Cluny, 2020). The author highlights that the book (1) takes a chronological view of western education, beginning from its roots in ancient Greece, through its development by Christianity, up to its present crisis, and (2) stresses that what western education needs today to correct its errors is not a specific plan of action, but a set of principles, including the cultivation of wisdom and virtue.


HE term Rich Transcription spans multiple areas in audio processing, and its study marks a broadening of the concerns of automatic speech recognition (ASR) to cover the affiliated areas necessary for maximally useful applications. Whereas classical speech recognition focuses purely on converting a sequence of audio words to a sequence of textual words—without regard for capitalization, punctuation, speaker identity, pragmatic intent, and other high-level information—rich transcription attempts to produce a more highly annotated and informative output. The study of rich transcription received a great impetus in 2002 when the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) started the Effective Affordable Reusable Speech-to-Text (EARS) program. This program extended the previous HUB-4 and HUB-5 programs by adding an emphasis on metatdata extraction, in addition to traditional word recognition. The particular metadata tasks that were studied (http://nist.gov/speech/tests/rt/rt2004/fall/docs/rt04f-eval-planv14.doc) are as follows. • Speaker diarization: the problem of segmenting speech into regions where only one person is talking, and then linking together speech (possibly from disjoint regions of time) from the same speaker. • Identification of sentence-like units (SUs): the task of segmenting speech into units expressing separate thoughts or ideas, similar to sentences in written language, but taking into account that spoken language might not exhibit complete grammatical sentences. • Disfluency detection: the dual problems of detecting the speech locations where a fluent word stream is interrupted (interruption point detection), and identifying those words that need to be removed in order to obtain the fluent word sequence of the intended utterance. This involves the labeling of pause fillers (e.g., "uh"), edit words (e.g., "I mean"), and the words that the speaker meant to replace in a self-repair. Clearly, other forms and definitions of metadata are possible, and above tasks are offered only for illustrative purposes. While rich transcription adds a new emphasis on various forms of metadata annotation, it also maintains a strong focus on improving automatic speech recognition from a core word-error-rate point of view. This is reflected in the composition of the special issue, with about half the papers addressing ASR. Here, there is a great deal of current interest in topics such as discriminative training, the use of large amounts of training data, unsupervised and semisupervised training, and


The cost of checkpointing consists of checkpoint overhead and checkpoint latency. The former is the time to stop the process for checkpointing. The latter is the time to complete the checkpointing including background checkpointing which stores memory pages. The large checkpoint latency increases the possibility that the error occurs in background checkpointing, which leads to long rollback distance. The method for small checkpoint latency has not been proposed yet. This paper proposes a checkpointing method which achieves small checkpoint latency. The proposed method divides a checkpoint interval into several subcheckpoint intervals. By using the history of memory page modification in subcheckpoint intervals, the proposed method saves some pages which are not expected to be modified in the rest of checkpoint interval in advance. Computer simulation says that the proposed method can reduce the checkpoint latency by 25% comparing to the existing methods.


【Objective】 To explore the protective effect of lipoteichoic acid(LTA) extracted from bacillus bifidus on the autoimmune hepatitis of mice model injected by Con A.【Methods】 The mice were divided into six groups including control group,Con A model group,bifendate group and groups treated with different concentrations of LTA(100 μg/kg,200 μg/kg,400 μg/kg).The models of autoimmune hepatitis were induced by Con A injected via tail vein.The general conditions,liver and spleen index were evaluated as well as the levels of ALT,AST and TNF-α in serum.The expression of gene NF-κB of liver were also assayed by the means of RT-PCR.【Results】 Compared with the Con A model group,the general conditions and the liver index of groups treated with LTA were better,and the levels of AST,ALT,TNF-α in serum and the mRNA of NF-κB of liver were significantly lower(P 0.05);however,the indexes above of LTA 400 μg/kg group were similar to bifendate group.【Conclusion】 The LTA extracted from bacillus bifidus can effectively protect the mice of autoimmune hepatitis induced by Con A,and it is worthy to be studied further in the precaution and therapy to the patients with this disease.


An automated transformer dissolved gas analysis evaluation system based on the recently released IEEE Standard C57.104-2019 for mineral oil-immersed transformers is implemented and its outputs demonstrated. The system includes diagnostic capabilities using the Duval Triangles 1-4-5 and Rogers Ratio method. In addition, a Health Index derived from the above Standards is proposed as a compact, yet informative metric for tracking transformer health. Finally, some of the challenges in developing such an implementation are highlighted.


This paper presents the design and control of a three degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF) magnetic levitation module for fine-positioning short-stroke actuators to be serially connected to high-acceleration long-stroke stages. The 3-DOF levitator module consists of two stator assemblies with iron-cores having actuating coils and permanent magnets (PMs) along the magnetic path. The levitating target is an U-shaped rotor with its weight passively compensated by the PM-biased flux and the lateral-direction force is balanced out by the symmetric structure. In such a magnetic levitator design, the PM-biased flux is superposed with the current-driven flux, enabling to control the reluctance forces in both the levitational and lateral directions in a decoupled manner to achieve active 3-DOF motion control. The control performance of the proposed 3-DOF magnetic levitator is experimentally validated to have RMS (root-mean-square) position tracking errors of 4.3 µm for the translation motions and 5.97 µdeg for the rotational motion. These control performances show a great potential of the magnetic levitation module to be utilized for fine-positioning short-stroke actuators that can overcome high inertial forces generated by serially-connected long-stroke actuators such as high-throughput linear stages and robotic arms.


Frame rate up conversion (FRUC) can be used to enhance the visual quality by increasing the frame rate without extra data. In this paper, we propose a fast and efficient FRUC algorithm for H.264 coded image sequences. The candidate motion vectors of an interpolated frame are chosen from the collocated and spatially adjacent blocks. Accuracy of each motion vector is verified by the similarity of the corresponding blocks on the trajectory. Multiple frames are employed to substantiate the coherence of the motion trajectory. Unlike conventional FRUC methods, this implementation requires no motion estimation. Compared with other FRUC algorithms in the literature, the proposed method provides better visual quality with reduced computational complexity.


The paper depicts nowadays approach for object oriented hardware modeling, synthesis, implementation and management. Implementation is realized for control and diagnosis class of multichannel, distributed measurement systems based on FPGA chips. The paper presents solution described as software model based on method of address space management called the Component Internal Interface (CII) and its aftermath: its' updated version Virtual Bus CII (vBUScomp). Therefore, progress and evaluation of these methods and differences between them are described. Article presents software model implemented as an independent tool for test, maintantanance, verification and development CII based reconfigurable hardware systems. Furthermore, state of the art and worldwide used models are brought for compare with solution presented by authors in the paper.


In this paper, load flow solution is obtained for radial distribution system using a new algorithm. Network topology is exploited to build two matrices for obtaining load flow solution of radial distribution system. Effective load at each node consists of two parts. Part one is the sum of all active and reactive powers connected to nodes beyond a particular node. And part two is the power loss in all the lines connected beyond the node under consideration. Two new network matrices are proposed to obtain the two parts of the effective load. 'bus injection to Node power matrix' is used to identify first part of the effective load at each node and 'Line loss to node power matrix' is used to calculate the second part of the effective load at each node. In this method, simple algebraic expression of voltage magnitude is used. This method is very efficient and requires very less computer memory. The proposed algorithm is applied to 15bus and 85 bus systems used in the literature and the results are compared. Results are accurate up to the fourth decimal.


A new genus, Micropotamia, is erected for Phaonia minuscula Albuquerque, 1955 [type-species of the genus], Phaonia cilitibia Albuquerque, 1955 and Azelia amazonica Albuquerque & Lopes, 1982. A key to these three species is given. The female of Micropotamia amazonica is described for the first time, from Roraima. Some character-states of phylogenetic importance and affinities with world Azeliini genera are discussed. Megophyra Emden, 1965 and Potamia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 are considered to be most closely related to Micropotamia, gen.n.


This paper presents a simple, cheap and effective sheet exchanger composed of four rolling cylinders because it is a troublesome task to change a bed sheet for a bedridden person. To change a bed sheet, while a cylinder wind the used sheet, the new sheet wound around another cylinder is spread under the body with advance of the device. The system composed of the exchanger, a person lying on the bed and an operator was investigated. It is found that the energy for driving dissipates immediately during operation. According to the result, necessary torque to drive the device is less than 4 Nm. Therefore, it can be driven easily by hands or by a small electric motor.


Abstract Dielectric spectra for the SmA* and SmC* phases of a room temperature ferroelectric liquid crystalline mixture FELIX-008 have been studied in the frequency range from a few Hz to 13 MHz. It has been found that in the vicinity of the SmA*-SmC* transition there is a pronounced soft mode dielectric spectrum, the dielectric parameters of which obey a Curie-Weiss law given by the mean-field theory. In the SmC* phase a distinguished Debye-type dielectric spectrum of the Goldstone mode has been detected, and upon increasing the bias field to 35 V it is suppressed and a new non-Debye-type dielectric spectrum-originating most probably from the so-called domain mode-shows up. Spontaneous polarization and tilt angle measurements show that the transition SmA*-SmC* is of the second order type. The dielectric and electro optic studies make it possible to compute the rotational viscosity, which is of great importance for practical applications. It turns out that the energy barrier for rotational viscosity (19.6...


Ocular ischemic syndrome is characterized by ocular symptoms and signs that are secondary to prolonged and severe ipsilateral stenosis of extracranial internal carotid artery or of the common carotid artery; occasionally, ipsilateral ophthalmic artery obstruction can also be responsible. It is generally considered as an unusual diagnosis, and the 3 most common cause in neovascular glaucoma with poor visual Revista Cubana de Oftalmologia. 2010; 23 (sup 2):856-868 http://scielo.sld.cu 859 prognosis. Ocular findings include gradual onset of decreased vision, inflammation of the anterior segment, iris and iridocorneal angle neovascularization, neovascular glaucoma and peripheral hypoperfusion retinopathy. Here is a patient with l severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis and progressive visual loss due to ocular ischemia. A literature review on the best management of this so controversial condition was made.


It used to be that you examined the patient. But from your credentials to your use of technology, patients are increasingly examining you. Here's how to deal with this new generation of engaged, informed, and demanding patients.


The problems with the determination of personal predispositions for achieving high sport performance have been tackled for many years. One approach is the application of successive phases of training with different selection criteria, to determine the athletes chances of achieving high performance [1]. Statistical and mathematical prediction methods [2] are becoming increasingly significant in this area. To determine factors influencing sport results in 14-15 year old javelin throwers, these factors must include the specific strength of chosen muscles groups. However, strength measurements in the investigated group seem to be less important and less accurate than the specific power of javelin throwers measurements (tests). More importantly, other indexes have demonstrated a varied dynamics of changes in the process of body development, which translates into prospects of athlete's achievements [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. The investigation was intended to determine the dynamics of changes in selected motor abilities of 14-15 year-old javelin throwers, using time series and to determine best predictors of dependent variable Y-distance of javelin throw. Material and methods


Purpose: The short-term, dose-dependent effects of low-dose of atorvastatin and rapid impacts of a single dose of atorvastatin on PCSK9 has less been investigated.

Methods: In this randomized study, 58 patients were enrolled. In protocol I, 31 patients were divided to atorvastatin 10mg/d (n=19) and 20mg/d (n=13) for 8 weeks. Serum PCSK9 and lipid profile were determined at day 0, week 4 and 8. In protocol II, 26 patients were randomized to a single dose of 10mg atorvastatin (n=11) and 80mg (n=15), and serum levels of PCSK9 were measured at 24 hours after treatment.

Results: Atorvastatin 10mg/d decreased LDL-C by 32% at 4 weeks and by 33% at 8 weeks; and, atorvastatin 20mg/d resulted in reduction of LDL-C by 41% at 4 weeks and by 38% at 8 weeks. Atorvastatin 10mg/d slightly increased serum PCSK9 by 5%-7% but without significant difference, while atorvastatin 20mg/d significantly increased serum PCSK9 by 30% at 4 weeks and by 35% at 8 weeks. (p=0.009 and p=0.002, respectively). In addition, upon a single dose of treatment by 24 hours, atorvastatin 10mg significantly increased serum PCSK9 by 13% and atorvastatin 80mg by 27% (p=0.042 and p=0.001, respectively).

Conclusion: The short-time impact of low-dose atorvastatin on PCSK9 featured as a time- and dose-dependent manner and rapid impact on PCSK9 occurred even as early as 24 hours in a dose-dependent manner.


We have been developing a reliable method for prosodic word boundary detection for Japanese continuous speech based on the discrete hidden Markov modeling of fundamental frequency (F0) contours in mora unit. Although a favorable result was obtained for ATR continuous speech corpus as report-ed already, experiments were done only on closed conditions. This paper reports the results on open and speaker-independent cases using database by two speakers. On average, detection rate reached around 76.0% with insertion error rate of 18.4%. Degradation from the closed condition experiment was only a little, showing the validity of the method for open conditions.


Static longitudinal/transverse tensile tests for unidirectional carbon fiber/polymer (T300/924) laminates and laminates with lay-ups [ 0 / ± 45 / 0 / 90 ] s at various void levels were conducted, and degradations in stiffness/strength were observed with the presence of voids. The void levels were controlled by compression pressure during the compression molding process. The characterization of voids was achieved by digital microscopy image analysis; the density distributions of equivalent diameters and aspect ratios were analyzed with respect to compression pressure. For the purpose of quantifying the effect of voids on the static mechanical properties of composites, a stiffness prediction method based on the Mori-Tanaka method and void geometric statistical data have been used with the implementation of a finite element model of the representative volume element for unidirectional composites; the prediction results show good correlation with experimental data. Finally, a modified continuum damage model for laminated composites with the presence of voids was proposed, the model is capable of capturing the effect of voids; and gradual damage analysis for carbon fiber/polymer composite laminates at different void levels was conducted to evaluate the effect of voids on their tensile properties.


Observing electronic voting from an international point of view gives some perspective about its genesis and evolution. An analysis of the voting process through its cultural, ontological, legal and political dimensions explains the difficulty to normalize this process. It appears that international organizations are not capable to properly defend the fundamental rights of the citizens. The approach that was taken when DRE voting computers appeared seems to have reoccured with VVAT voting computers and the european e-poll project.


Preliminary image evaluation (PIE) is a mechanism whereby radiographers provide a preliminary evaluation of whether pathology is present in their radiographs, typically acquired within the emergency department (ED). PIE provides referrers with a timely communication of pathology prior to the availability of a radiology report. The purpose of this study was to determine the most common radiographer PIE false‐negative interpretations.


The rising costs of healthcare services have forced many to undergo annual screening procedures to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases. Diabetes being chronic in nature is always screened in the so called "wellness programs". Data mining models involving clinical parameters obtained from screening procedures have been successfully implemented for disease prediction. This study sheds light on the use of some novel non-clinical parameters to predict diabetes. This move can be successfully implemented to reduce the screening cost of patients for diseases. The proposed model gives the best results with Random Forest classifier for diabetic prediction.


Deployment of Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) is one of the strategies to improve public transportation services. The study examines the factors affecting ATIS information choice behavior by public transportation passengers, based on a questionnaire survey in Dalian, China. By analyzing the aspects of ATIS information, four factors of ATIS information contents are defined. A binary logit model of ATIS information choice behavior is then developed to study the internal relationship among these factors. The results of the study are suggestive for the design of ATIS information contents.


The dissertation was compiled in order to examine the importance of the private insurance industry in Greece and the future of bancassurance as a distribution channel of insurance products.
There is a brief presentation of the condition of the Greek insurance market, the insurance companies, the regulatory framework of market industry, the legislation of bancassurance, as well as with the insurance products that are promoted by banks. In addition, there is an emphasis on life premiums, along with the bancassurance as a distribution channel of this kind of premiums.
There is a comparison of the progression of total premiums between insurance market of Greece and other European countries, with the assistance of descriptive statistics alongside with an attempt to relate the premiums with GDP, a measure of financial development. This relation is not questioned, but examined with a statistical approach, with the use of the simple linear regression.
Finally, bancassurance is examined as an important distribution channel of mainly life premiums in Greece, due to the fact that it is the main distribution channel in European insurance market, in life area.
In both sectors of the private insurance industry and bancassurance, Greece is under development, always in correlation to other European countries.


Dutta, Sourav Ph.D., Purdue University, December 2013. Experimental Studies of LiRb: Spectroscopy and Ultracold Molecule Formation by Photoassociation. Major Professor: Yong P. Chen. Heteronuclear polar molecules have recently attracted enormous attention owing to their ground state having a large electric dipole moment. The long range anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction in such systems is the basis for a variety of applications including quantum computing, precision measurements, ultracold chemistry and quantum simulations. Heteronuclear bi-alkali molecules, only a small subset of polar molecules, have received special attention mainly because the constituent alkali atoms are easy to laser cool and can be relatively easily associated to form molecules at ultracold temperatures. Our choice, the LiRb molecule, is motivated by the relatively high dipole moment (4.1 Debye) of the LiRb molecule in its rovibronic ground state. In this thesis, we study the LiRb molecule using laser spectroscopy and report, for the first time, the production of ultracold LiRb molecules by photoassociation (PA). The LiRb molecule is the least studied among all bi-alkali molecules and the first spectroscopic measurements on hot vapor phase LiRb molecules were reported only in 2011. We describe these measurements and their significance in chapter 2, after a brief introduction to the field of ultracold polar molecules in chapter 1. In chapter 3, we discuss our apparatus for simultaneous cooling and trapping of Li and Rb atoms in a


Results of electrodynamical simulations of the ultrashort pulse scattering on a conductive cylindrical target are presented. The late-time response was used to evaluate the target resonant frequencies within the generalized matrix pencil method. The size of the cylinder was estimated based on data obtained from simulations. Simulations have been carried out for pulses with various durations, an accuracy of the parameters quantification of the target was also estimated.


• Transactional Family Systems Model, Experimental Education Unit, University of Washington WJ10, Seattle, Washington 98195, (206)543-4011, Director: Rebecca Fewell, Coordinator: Rodd Hedlund. • Charlotte Circle Outreach, Department of Curriculum and Instruction., The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, (704)547-2531, Director: Mary Lynne Calhoun, Research Coordinator: Terry L. Rose.


In order to improve the efficiency of coal mine locomotive locomotive dispatching and avert locomotive collision and clogging, a time-dependent petri net model was established according to the characteristics of underground locomotive dispatching. And the concepts of deadlock state and potential deadlock state are introduced. The deadlock state corresponds to the deadlock state equation, which is the reflection of the running state and resource status of a petri net. Then, the deadlock state equation is solved for each model. Meanwhile, PIPE is used to verify the results obtained, and the results prove the availability of the deadlock state equation for petri net deadlock state description. The whole experimental process and algorithm results show that the deadlock state equation can effectively simulate the deadlock state of the model, and prevent the generation of deadlock state of the model according to the potential deadlock state equation, so as to avoid the collision of locomotives and achieve efficient scheduling. Introduction With the development of industry, coal mine automation level needs to be improved. However, due to the narrow roadway, many locomotives and other unique characteristics, locomotive dispatching is always a difficult problem. If the problem is not solved, it will greatly affect the safety and efficiency of the whole coal mine. In 2016, Zhu Qihang et al. introduced the petri net theory into the underground rail transportation scheduling optimization of mines and established the petri net model based on ant colony algorithm[1]. Petri net is a computer system model suitable for describing concurrency and asynchrony, which can well describe the characteristics of asynchrony, parallelism and uncertainty in locomotive dispatching system. It is suitable for modeling and simulation of locomotive dispatching system. In 2007, Guo Zhiqi et al. modeled the dispatching rules of coal mine monitoring system by using petri net and taking KJ15a system as the prototype, and theoretically elaborated the applicability of petri net to the modeling of underground locomotive system [2], and the model could complete the basic deadlock function. In 2018, Zhang Ning combined petri net and A* search algorithm to optimize the tractor scheduling strategy in the flexible manufacturing system, and solved the problem of tractor route planning and collision prevention[3]. The above research proves that petri net is suitable for mine locomotive dispatching. According to the unique operation characteristics of mine, this paper introduces the concept of resource allocation, establishes the petri net model with different scheduling methods, then obtains the deadlock state and potential deadlock state of each scheduling method through the algorithm. International Conference on Modeling, Analysis, Simulation Technologies and Applications (MASTA 2019) Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Intelligent Systems Research, volume 168


We introduce and analyze a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for the gradient-velocity-pressure formulation of the Brinkman problem. We present an a priori error analysis of the method, showing optimal order of convergence of the error. We also introduce an a posteriori error estimator, of the residual type, which helps us to improve the quality of the numerical solution. We establish reliability and local efficiency of our estimator for the $L^{2} $-error of the velocity gradient and the pressure and the $ H^{1} $-error of the velocity, with constants written explicitly in terms of the physical parameters and independent of the size of the mesh. In particular, our results are also valid for the Stokes problem. Finally, we provide numerical experiments showing the quality of our adaptive scheme.


Formation of organosilane monolayer templates using ultraviolet and electron-beam (EB) lithography was investigated. The oligonucleotides were covalently immobilized with high selectivity only to the amino-monolayer modified regions locally formed on the template surfaces at micro and nanometer scale. By using EB lithography, patterned immobilization in nanometer scale, as small as 20 nm, was achieved.


The utility model relates to a device for producing electron-scale high-purity dichlorosilane and silane. The device comprises a trichlorosilane storage tank (1), a first distillation device (2), a first reaction kettle (3), a fractionation device (4), a first condenser (5), a second condenser (6), a second distillation device (7), a first rectification device (8), a second reaction kettle (9) and a liquefier (10); the trichlorosilane storage tank (1) is connected with the first distillation device (2); an outlet of the first distillation device (2) is connected with an inlet of the first reaction kettle (3); an inlet of the fractionation device (4) is connected with an outlet of the first reaction kettle (3); an inlet of the first condenser (5) is connected with an outlet on the tower top of the fractionation device (4); an inlet of the second distillation device (7) is connected with a condensed liquid outlet of the first condenser (5). By adopting the device, two low-boiling-point high-difficulty silicon source products can be simultaneously produced; moreover, the device is simple and easy.


Leaders motivate employees through setting in place structures aimed at taking full advantage of employee's potential, organization resources and providing direction. Conversely, they can severely cause difficulty in inspiring confidence, buying into firm's goals, promoting alignment and fostering collaborative environment. Therefore, this research aims at investigating relationship leadership style and motivation of employees. An intensive review of literature has been conducted highlighting employee motivation, leadership style (Authoritarian, Paternalistic, Transformational, Laissez-faire). The data were collected through questionnaire which was distributed to government employees working in Alkharj (Riyadh region) and 130 valid responses were received. SPSS 22 was used to carry out statistical analysis and the results indicated an overall positive significance of leadership styles and motivation. The overall impact of leadership styles together on motivation was found as 66.5% (R 2 =0.665). The unique effects of each Paternalistic, Transformational and Laissez-faire style on motivation was found positive and significant. Whereas, the relationship between authoritarian leadership style and motivation was found insignificant. It is recommended that leaders in Saudi Arabia work environment must follow paternalistic and transformational leadership styles to enhance motivation level of their employees.


The combined electric field and flow field has been simulated based on the computation of the N-S equation and turbulent model, with the influence of temperature, pressure and the effect of gas flow on the arc and self-adaptive adjustment of the current considered, for reflecting the dynamic variation mechanism of the arc during the whole interrupting course. And the gas flow field of 1-break 500kV SF6 circuit breaker with complex flow path, supersonic nozzle, active, viscous, compressible and variable boundaries has been solved. Moreover, in the interrupting course of the circuit breaker, the interaction of dynamic variation of the arc and gas flow has been simulated. The simulation results present qualitatively the feature of arc-flow interaction,show the presence of a localized form of arc choking of the gas flow,obtain the variation of the pressure of gas flow and velocity, and illustrate the relation between the mass flow and pressure around the arcing region. The theoretical basis for further studying the utilization of arc energy and improving interrupting performance has been provided.


Signals with rapidly changing carrier frequencies are often attributed to the formation and subsequent evolution of phase space holes and clumps in the fast particle distribution [1, 2]. However, their origin has never fully been explained. In the following, we show that hole-clump formation follows from the presence of a nearly unmodulated phase space plateau in the fast particle distribution, which gives rise to a pair of shifted edge modes that destabilize due to dissipation in the background plasma and nonlinearly evolve into holes and clumps. For simplicity, we consider electrostatic oscillations in a one-dimensional, uniform plasma equilibrium comprised of immobile ions, cold electrons and a low density beam of energetic electrons. The cold electrons respond linearly to the electric field E (x, t), so their perturbed velocity δve (x, t) satisfies the linear fluid equation ∂δve ∂ t = e me E−2γdδve , (1a)


Major depressive disorder is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease, and it appears to be a mental disorder that is strongly dependent upon exposure to stressful stimuli. A major concern related to the development of animal models of depression is to capture those variables that explain the much higher incidence of depression in human females compared to males. Several genetically selected animal models have been studied, including the Flinders sensitive strain and the WKY strain. In addition, a strain of rats has been selected that is highly susceptible to the development of learned helplessness. Two especially valuable animal models of depression involve exposure of inbred mice to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) or to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Results from these animal models point to disruptions in dopamine circuits in the brain as critical for the expression of depressive symptoms.


ABSTRACT On 12 February 1943, Field Marshal Phibunsongkhram (Phibun), Thailand's prime minister, handed a formal letter of resignation to the Council of Regency. The news of the prime minister's sudden departure shocked the two regents and other cabinet ministers. Nevertheless, when public radio broadcasters announced the news of the premier's resignation, Phibun retracted the resignation decision and sought to avenge those who drove him from office. Why did he resign and then reverse the decision? How can such confusing and irrational behaviours be explained when they remain a mystery even to historians? This article claims that Phibun engaged in a 'feigned resignation strategy', whereby he pretended to resign to see the reactions of different political factions and to test political loyalty. This article traces his pattern of feigned resignations from 1939 to 1944 to prove how he mastered such a strategy. Archival records indicate that he frequently informed his associates that he wished to resign from office but then eventually reversed his decision. Drawing from the concept of feigned resignation strategy, this article argues that the resignation in February 1943 stemmed from Phibun's motive to identify and root out political opponents.


Restricting the visual field of view (FOV) has known to have an influence on human obstacle crossing behaviour. Nevertheless, the influence of restricting the FOV on changes in obstacle crossing behaviour is currently not fully acquainted. This research will focus on the influence of restricting the vertical FOV on step length, maximum head pitch and maximum toe elevation. Participants walked a 9 meters course in which they had to cross a single obstacle, varying in dimensions across conditions. Vertical FOV was restricted by goggles, with four different vertical FOVs: unrestricted (135°), 90°, 40° and 25°. Full body motion was captured using an inertial motion capture system to measure step length, head pitch and toe elevation around obstacle crossing. The results revealed that restricting the vertical FOV resulted in larger step length and increased the toe elevation during obstacle crossing and increased head pitch movements before and during obstacle crossing.


The centerless grinding process demonstrates superior grinding accuracy with extremely high productivity, but only if the setup conditions are properly set up. Otherwise, various unfavorable phenomena manifest during the grinding processes and become serious obstacles to achieving that high quality and productivity. These phenomena are associated with the fundamental stabilities of the centerless grinding system, so it is essential to keep the system stable by setting up the appropriate grinding conditions. This paper describes the development of a model for finding the setup conditions that simultaneously satisfy the three stability criteria of centerless grinding systems: (1) work rotation stability for safe operations; (2) geometrical rounding stability for better roundness; and (3) dynamic system stability for chatter-free grinding. The objective of the model development is to produce combinations of optimal setup conditions as the outputs of the model, and to rank the priority of the outputs using PI (performance index) functions based on the process aims (productivity or accuracy). The paper demonstrates that the developed model, named Opt-Setup Master, can generate the optimum setup conditions to ensure safe operations, better roundness and chatter-free grinding. It provides practical setup conditions as well as scientific parameters and fundamental grinding parameters. Finally, the paper verifies that the Opt-Setup Master provides the setup conditions that simultaneously satisfy all three stability criteria of the centerless grinding system.


In this article, a telephone outbound system developed on the Microsoft VC++ 6.0 for modern management was introduced. Then, several solutions for the system's main functions, software designs, module partitions and some key technologies were given. Compared with the existing telephone outbound systems, this system is cheaper, more efficient and easier to spread. It has higher practical value, which has been proved by trial application.


Statistical calibration or inverse prediction involves data collected in two stages. In the first stage, several values of an endogenous variable are observed, each corresponding to a known value of an exogenous variable; in the second stage, one or more values of the endogenous variable are observed which correspond to an unknown value of the exogenous variable. When estimating the value of the latter, it has been suggested that the variability about the regression relationship should not be assumed to be equal for the two stages of data collection. In this paper, the authors present a Bayesian method of analysis based on noninformative priors that takes this heteroscedasticity into account.


Objective To investigate the personality characteristics and mental health status in the parents of the patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD).Methods A total of 72 parents of the SAD and the 66 normal controls were enrolled the study.All the subjects were assessed with EPQ and SCL-90 .Results The factors of introversion and exiroversion in EPQ had significant differences between the study group and the normal control group (P0.05) . The factor scores of SCL-90 in the study group were significantly higher than those in the norm controls, except the compulsive and hostility factors (P0.05).Conclusions The personality of the parents of the SAD may tend to introversion,quiet,introspection and the mental health status tend to somatization symptom,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,phobia and paranoid ideation.


The taxonomy of two sympatric surf clams Donax marincovichi Coan, 1983 and Donax obesulus Reeve, 1854, inhabiting the coastal Humboldt Current Upwelling System is revisited. Because both species are exploited by artisanal fisheries, it is essential to verify that they are indeed distinct species that have to be managed separately. In this study, both taxa were sampled across their shared distributional area and specimens were indentified according to their respective morphological characteristics. Although width/height and height/length ratios revealed significant differences within sampling areas, the two morphotypes were frequently incongruent for taxonomically important morphometric parameters. In addition, they showed no significant mitochondrial genetic differentiation within or among populations and exhibited indistinguishable sperm ultrastructure. We conclude that the two morphotypes do not represent distinct species and should be included together under D. obesulus.


A modular protective structure may be formed from an impact absorbing material formed into a repeating pattern of one or more geometrical shapes that may be assembled to a size, shape, and/or configuration desired to protect an athlete from impact. The thickness of the structure may vary in a repetitive fashion along at least a first axis of the structure, and may further vary in a repetitive fashion along a second axis of the structure.


SUMMARY The sociology of everyday life must still define its objectives and approaches. In this article the author suggests criteria whereby the everyday can be identified and also proposes that research should center itself on the spaces and temporalities of the everyday. He also calls for a differential and critical sociology of everyday life.


Epitaxial liftoff is an alternative to lattice‐mismatched heteroepitaxial growth. Multilayer AlxGa1−xAs epitaxial films are separated from their growth substrates by undercutting an AlAs release layer in HF acid (selectivity ≳108 for x≤0.4). The resulting AlxGa1−xAs films tend to bond by natural intermolecular surface forces to any smooth substrate (Van der Waals bonding). We have demonstrated GaAs thin‐film bonding by surface tension forces onto Si, glass, sapphire, LiNbO3, InP, and diamond substrates, as well as self‐bonding onto GaAs substrates. In transmission electron microscopy the substrate and thin‐film atomic lattices can be simultaneously imaged, showing only a thin (20–100 A) amorphous layer in between.


This paper introduced the background of LNG powered ship reliquefaction plant and its working principle, established the calculation model of simulation system, taking the VLCC ship LNG powered ship as the mother ship, provided the thermodynamic calculation flow chart, developed the software for the operation simulation system and the developed the assessment system and the equipment management system. This software can simulate the operation process and carry out the numerical calculation. It is good for the purpose of training students and has great reference value for research.


During the next 5 - 10 years, text and graphic systems will tend to merge because of the demand for a more productive man/machine interface, failing memory costs and the availability of higher perf...


We introduce a concept of Robots As Learning Objects (RALO) and a framework of methodology for robotics-oriented teaching of Computer Science (CS) topics based on the Constructivist and Empirical Modelling paradigms. Our methodology views robotic technologies not as mere tools, but rather as vehicles of new ways of thinking and reasoning about teaching, learning and education at large. We formulate the pedagogy-driven activities, technology-driven processes, knowledge transfer channels with actors involved, tools and facilities used, and the pedagogical outcome in the robot-based constructivist learning process and describe our experience in using RALOs for teaching CS at high school (gymnasium) and university levels.


In this paper, we present a new maximum distance method (MDM) by applying the simplex barycentric coordinate for endmember extraction, named BC-MDM. Under linear mixing model and pure-pixel assumption, the MDM, which is proposed by Geng in 2005, is based on the fact that a pixel is an endmember if it has the maximum distance to the sub-simplex with vertices being endmembers already extracted. Calculating the distance of a pixel to the sub-simplex is quite time-consuming. To overcome this problem, we introduce the idea of barycentric coordinate to MDM, which transforms the problem of distance calculation into spectral unmixing with abundance sum-to-one constraint. As a result, BC-MDM has greatly reduced the computational complexity of original MDM. The experimental results with real hyperspectral image demonstrate that compared to the simplex growing algorithm (SGA), the proposed method can provide the same performance with a computational complexity between one and two orders magnitude lower, and compared to vertex component analysis (VCA), our method can provide consistent result while requires less computing time.


S100 proteins/antibodies have received increasing attention because of their use in the diagnosis of several human diseases and as predictive markers of improving clinical management, outcome, and survival of patients (1)(2).

S100 proteins also have a great potential as drug targets to improve therapies. Unique to the S100 family is the location of 16 S100 genes in a gene cluster on human chromosome 1q21; this led to the introduction of the widely accepted nomenclature shown in Table 1⇓ . Four additional S100 genes, including S100B , are located on different chromosomes [for reviews, see Refs. (1)(3); for S100A15 , see Ref. (4); for S100A16 , see I. Marenholz and C.W. Heizmann, Characterization of S100A16, an ubiquitously expressed EF-hand protein which is upregulated in tumors, submitted for publication].

S100 proteins are 10–12 kDa in size and form homo- and heterodimers. The monomer is composed of two helix-loop-helix (EF-hand) motifs connected by a central hinge region (1)(3). The C-terminal EF-hand contains the canonical Ca2+-binding loop, common to all EF-hand proteins (e.g., troponin C or calmodulin). The N-terminal EF-hand consists of 14 amino acids and is characteristic of S100 proteins. S100 proteins show different degrees of homology, ranging from 25% to 65% identity at the amino acid …


SUBTITLE: DOUBTS REMAIN THE FUTURE STRATEGY OF THE SAIRGROUP FOLLOWING THE ABRUPT DEPARTURE OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE PHILIPPE BRUGGISSER, ARCHITECT OF THE QUALIFLYER ALLIANCE OF EUROPEAN AIRLINES AND THE DIVERSIFIED GROUP STRUCTURE. IN THE LONG TERM THIS MAY MEAN REVIEW OF ALLIANCE STRATEGY, BUT THE MORE PRESSING PROBLEM IS THE FATE OF MERGER PARTNER SABENA.


The DNA microarray technology concurrently monitors the expression levels of thousands of genes during significant biological processes and across the related samples. The better understanding of functional genomics is obtained by extracting the patterns hidden in gene expression data. Many clustering algorithms have been proposed for the analysis of gene expression data, but little guidance is available in helping to choose one among them. In this paper, we perform clustering on the gene expression data using particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), Nelder Mead Simplex method (NM) and NMPSO Method. Here we evaluate the algorithms based on Number of clusters and fitness value. The results show that NM-PSO performs better than NM and


Objectives: The worldwide spread of COVID-19 is an emergent issue to be tackled. Currently, several works in various field have been made in rather short period. The present study aimed to assess bioactive compounds found in medicinal plants as potential COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors using molecular docking study. Methods: The docking analyses were performed by using Autodock, Discovery Studio Visualiser and Igemdock. Results: The binding energy obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with native ligand cupressuflavone is -8.9 kcal/mol. Conclusion: These findings will provide the opportunities to identify the right drug to combat COVID-19.


A complete development of the PCILO method is presented for the INDO approximation. The introduction of exchange terms in the theoretical treatment is discussed and a detailed analysis of the successive contributions to the total energy is given. The method is applied to various conformational problems (geometry optimization, rotation, and inversion barriers). Its ability to deal with biological systems is tested on the acetylcholine neurotransmitter. Inversion barriers are highly improved with respect to the corresponding CNDO algorithm. A better account of σ-π exchange phenomena can be expected with the presented PCILO-INDO development.


An outbreak of gastrointestinal illness associated with travel to Egypt is being investigated in Ireland. An aeroplane arrived in Dublin on 1 June 2005, carrying holidaymakers returning from Luxor in Egypt


Results are presented of a study evaluating controller performance, as well as thrust, power, and propellant mass requirements for drag-free spacecraft operation at orbital altitudes of 160 – 200 km. A MSISE-90 atmospheric model is used in conjunction with a control algorithm developed in previous work. This controller is designed around an onboard inertial sensor which uses a freely floating reference mass to measure deviations in the spacecraft position, resulting from non-gravitational forces, from a desired target orbit. Thruster (control actuator) models are based on a Hall thruster to provide the orbital along-track acceleration and colloid thrusters for the normal and cross-track acceleration. This study extends previous work by incorporating 1) a time delay in the spacecraft position and velocity updates, 2) injection of a measurement uncertainty into the spacecraft state and inertial sensor data, and 3) a parametric thruster model for the Hall and Colloid thrusters. The most demanding propulsion requirements correspond to the lowest altitude considered, 160 km. At this altitude the maximum along-track thrust component is calculated to be 111 mN with a required dynamic (throttling) response of 103 μN/s. The ability of a colloid thruster to control the normal and cross-track drift is found to be dependent on how frequently the spacecraft state data is updated. Reducing the period between updates from 10s to 1s reduces the maximum normal thrust component from 1306 μN to less than 100 μN, suggesting that spacecraft state update frequency could be a major driver in the propulsion technology selection. Sensitivity of maximum required thrust and accumulated sensor error to measurement uncertainty is found to be less of a driver than state update frequency. For the spacecraft point design considered with a propellant mass fraction of 0.18, the mission lifetime for the 160km case was calculated to be 0.7 yrs. This increases to 1.3 yr at an altitude of 200 km.


Present as invention relates to a permanent make-up device is capable of simple and rapid make-up using a permanent make-up apparatus of the present design is a housing, having a the needle (Needle) protruding in the distal end of the housing, a rotor mounted in the housing characterized in that the needle comprises a tube and a connector of the drive motor, connected to the rotor with power conversion member for converting the rotational motion in the up-and-down reciprocating linear motion, said power conversion member and the needle of the. This present design is converted into vertical reciprocating linear motion through the interaction of the seesaw bar installed on the rotating plate and a lower portion having a gradient against the rotational motion of the drive motor to the rotor needle automatically by a person manually because up and down reciprocating linear motion since you do not have to work moxibustion moxibustion, easy-to-use, and the effect is more rapid make-up as possible.


Abstract— We discuss here the minimum requirements for diffusion of a charge carrier between appressed and stroma‐exposed membrane regions of chloroplasts based on recent models of the thylakoid membrane and flash‐induced kinetic data. We have investigated the kinetics of the transfer of a positive charge from photosystem I to the cytochrome b/f complex in spinach chloroplasts by measuring the light‐induced oxidation of cytochrome f. The rate and extent of cytochrome f oxidation were measured spectrophotometrically using either long actinic flashes that induced several turnovers of photosystem I or short actinic flashes that induced a single turnover of photosystem I. In the long actinic flashes, in the electron transfer reaction from water to methyl viologen, we observed the rapid oxidation of all of the cytochrome f present in the membrane. The half‐time of the oxidation was 1.0 ± 0.1 ms. The total amount of the cytochrome was determined by chemical difference spectra to be one molecule of cytochrome f per 650 – 30 chlorophyll molecules. Using short actinic flashes we studied the photosystem I‐driven electron transfer reaction from duroquinol to methyl viologen in the presence of the inhibitor 5‐n‐undecyl‐6‐hydroxy‐4,7‐dioxobenzothiazole. Under these conditions a single turnover flash induced the oxidation of 62 ± 5% of cytochrome f with a half‐time of 240 ± 30 μs. An Arrhenius plot of the temperature dependence of the cytochrome f oxidation rate revealed an activation energy between 16 and 21 kJ/mol, a value consistent with a diffusion‐controlled reaction. These kinetic data are considered in the context of two models of the thylakoid membrane.


Richard Cooper packs a good deal of information about the antecedents and evolution of the less-developed country (LDC) debt crisis into this small book. A major source for the book is an ongoing World Banksponsored study of debt accumulation and adjustment in a tri-continental sample of eighteen large and small LDCs, codirected by Cooper, Max Corden, Ian Little, and Sarath Rajapatirina. That study focuses on divergences in the reactions of the eighteen LDCs to the two oil shocks induced by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and to the international lending spree by commercial banks of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries in the 1970s and on the divergences in the extent to which the various LDCs regained macroeconomic stability and growth after the spree ended. The first three chapters of Cooper's book deal with the divergences, and the remaining two chapters appraise solutions to the debt overhang still oppressing most of the eighteen.


Abstract:  Objective:  BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) has been proposed as an important cause of allograft dysfunction and loss in kidney allograft recipient over the last decade. Intense immunosuppression and tubular injury have been shown to promote the replication of polyomavirus. 15‐deoxyspergualin (DSG), an effective immunosuppressive agent, is used as a rescue drug for acute rejection in clinical renal transplantation in Japan. To determine whether DSG is a risk factor for BKVN and outline the relationship among BKVN, DSG, and other risk factors, we analyzed 88 patients who received living‐related renal transplantation between January 1999 and April 2003.


Introduction: Post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) is an important adjuvant treatment in patients with locally advanced breast cancer, shown to decrease the rate of locoregional recurrence and improve overall survival. Autologous breast reconstruction is the standard-of-care in patients who require PMRT. However, there is no clear superior approach regarding the optimal timing of reconstruction in these patients. Our goal was to compare outcomes between patients who underwent autologous reconstruction either before or after undergoing PMRT. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent all stages of mastectomy, autologous reconstruction, and PMRT at UCSF between 2015 and 2021. Clinical and surgical characteristics and complications were collected and assessed. We then matched these patients by age, BMI and autologous reconstruction type to a cohort of patients who underwent both mastectomy and autologous reconstruction at UCSF who did not require PMRT. Groups were compared by both timing of and receipt of radiation. Results: Nineteen patients underwent mastectomy, autologous reconstruction, and PMRT at UCSF between 2015 and 2021. Thirteen of these patients underwent reconstruction after receiving PMRT, while six of these patients underwent reconstruction followed by PMRT. These nineteen patients were matched by age, BMI and flap type to a cohort of 19 patients who underwent mastectomy and autologous reconstruction at UCSF. The cumulative early complication rate was 16% in the radiated group and 21% in the non-radiated group. This included infection requiring IV antibiotics, hematoma, wound breakdown, mastectomy flap necrosis, and arterial or venous thrombosis [see Table 1 for breakdown by group]. No flap loss occurred in any group. Fat necrosis was observed in 16% of radiated patients and 11% of non-radiated patients. Revision rates were equal between the radiated and non-radiated groups at 58% (including currently planned revisions). There was no strong correlation between complication rate and either total radiation dose or time between radiation and reconstruction (r=-0.5 and r=-0.1). Discussion: Complication rates between all groups were similar. Notably, the only observed infections, both requiring admission and IV antibiotics, occurred in the pre-reconstruction PMRT group. Given the potential for tissue expander infection and increased number of outpatient visits, further investigation is warranted in immediate autologous reconstruction in those patients who require PMRT, not only to decrease the hospital and patient burden, but to improve patient satisfaction. Larger cohort studies are required to draw further conclusions on the effect of PMRT and timing of autologous reconstruction, and to investigate patient-reported outcomes.
 Table 1.Complication rate by groupComplicationRadiated. Pre-recon PMRT. Post-recon PMRTNon-radiatedCumulative early complications16%. 15%. 17%21%Infection11%. 16%. 0%0%Hematoma0%. 0%. 0%5%Wound breakdown11%. 8%. 17%5%Mastectomy flap necrosis5%. 0%. 17%11%Arterial or venous thrombosis0%. 0%. 0%5%Fat necrosis16%. 15%. 17%11%Revision58%. 62%. 50%58%
 Citation Format: Laura Barnes, Deborah Martins, Merisa Piper. Timing of post-mastectomy radiation therapy and autologous reconstruction outcomes: A retrospective review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-21-03.


The effectiveness of Location Based Systems depends on the correct location of users and mobile devices. While the outdoor location can be easily calculated, using technologies such as GPS (Global Positioning System), it is more difficult to obtain when the location scenario is an indoor environment. Several technologies and location techniques can be used in this field. One of these techniques is fingerprinting which consists in two different phases: the first phase is the calibration phase when data is collected and the Fingerprint Map is generated; the second phase is the on-line phase where data collected by the mobile device and the data collected in the calibration phase are used to estimate the location of the mobile node. From the several wireless communications technologies IEEE802.11 is probably the most used in Wireless Local Area Networks, so it was chosen for this work. In this paper a comparison between different type of Location Estimation Algorithms is presented: Nearest Neighbour, k-Nearest Neighbour, Weighted k-Nearest Neighbour and an algorithm based on Fuzzy Logic. For these tests three different mobile terminals where used, two mobile phones and one laptop computer. In these tests Fuzzy Logic had the best precision when the terminal used to do the location is not the same used to do the Fingerprint Map. It also had the lower standard deviation for all the test cases. The values of precision and standard deviation, as expected, are dependent on the type of terminal used to do the location.


Objective: To assess the pattern and aetiological factors for penetrating ocular injuries in a tertiary health facility. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of all the cases records of penetrating eye injuries presenting to our eye unit over a period of 6 years. Results: There were 153 cases including 125 (81.7%) males 28 (18.3%) females with age range between 3 months and 85 years. Penetrating eye injury was common in children 0-16 years (42.5%) followed by adults' ≤ 30 years (41.6%). The commonest cause of penetrating ocular injuries was stick/wood (41.2%). Injuries mostly occurred at home (65.4%). Right eye only was involved in 58.2% and both eyes were affected in 2%. Overall visual outcome at last hospital visit showed 14% attained VA of 6/12 or better and 50% had visual acuities worse than 6/60. Poor visual outcome was associated with poor initial visual acuity (p=0.000). Conclusion: Injuries occurred more frequently on weekdays (81%) than weekends. Following the ocular surgery, 3 patients developed endophthalmitis and 10 developed phthisis bulbi. Penetrating eye injury occurs mostly at home and mostly from stick/wood. Prevention of penetrating eye injuries requires parents, caregiver and children education on the danger of penetrating eye injury and improvement in home safety measure.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the presence of independent board directors on financial performance in India.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used panel regression models on large listed Indian firms to investigate the impact on financial performance owing to the presence of independent directors.

Findings

The findings suggest that independent board directors in Indian contexts do not significantly affect financial performance.

Practical implications

This study has implications for the formulation of regulation related to appointment of independent directors and the extent of their representation on the board for them to be effective.

Social implications

The proportion of independent directors on the board of the firm is influenced by the trade-off between the cost of having independent directors on the board versus the benefits to the firm and society.

Originality/value

The impact of the presence of an independent director on financial performance in highly concentrated ownership remains ambiguous.


Current specifications of BGP Extended Communities (RFC 4360) support
the IPv4 Address Specific Extended Community, but do not support an
IPv6 Address Specific Extended Community. The lack of an IPv6 Address
Specific Extended Community may be a problem when an application uses
the IPv4 Address Specific Extended Community, and one wants to use
this application in a pure IPv6 environment. This document defines a
new BGP attribute, the IPv6 Address Specific Extended Community, that
addresses this problem. The IPv6 Address Specific Extended Community
is similar to the IPv4 Address Specific Extended Community, except
that it carries an IPv6 address rather than an IPv4 address.


Calls for improving educator preparation programmes by professional associations, policymakers, researchers, and educators worldwide are not new (Huber 2001; D'Arbon, Duigan, and Duncan 2002; Cardno 2003; Brundrett and Dering 2006). It is clear from the research that supports these 'Calls' that effectively prepared educators are more important than ever to ensure all children have the knowledge and skills they need to succeed (Rivkin, Hanushek, and Kain 2005; USDoE 2016). Research confirms that the most important in-school factor in a student's success is a strong teacher, followed by effective leadership. Furthermore, successful preparation, development, and support of great teachers and administrators are critical to the learning and success of ALL students (Aaronson, Barrow, and Sander 2007; Jean-Marie and Normore 2010; USDoE 2016). Yet, leadership development programmes (i.e. teachers and administrators) regularly receive criticisms for inadequately preparing educators to be effective at schooling. Within this premise, we present six articles in this special issue that focus on the context of educator preparation programmes. Four of these articles centre on leadership development and preparation within an international context, and the historical context in which each programme resides. Countries represented include Fiji, Australia, USA, Sweden and Canada. The remaining two articles focus on teacher education in United States and the implications that these programmes have for school leadership development. In support of earlier research by Huber (2001), the intended goal of this special issue is to explore leadership development in various current and historical programmes contexts, processes, content, delivery systems, programme structures, governance, work experiences, and attitudes of teachers and school leaders with particular reference to similarities and differences across cultures that experience modernisation and industrialisation. The special issue is organised into six articles. First, Anthony H. Normore and Antonia Issa Lahera provide a historical context of leadership development and preparation programmes in the United States. Despite having a long history of preparing educational leaders, American institutions of higher education have been roundly criticised for how prospective leaders have been selected, weaknesses in the curriculum and pedagogy, and inattention to programme effects. Because of these criticisms, calls for reforming leadership preparation have been voiced by professional associations, policymakers, and educational leadership faculty. The authors examine the evolution and current configuration


A healthy diet is important for everyone if they are to maintain mental and physical wellbeing. Michael Beary shares his advice on healthy eating


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It was the summer of 1990 when I first visited Toronto, Ont, to interview for an international medical graduate position. Although people often say first impressions are biased, Canada was definitely love at first sight for me. Born and raised in Hong Kong, China, I had studied


The magneto-volume effects of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic metals are discussed by using the spin-fluctuation theory for finite-temperature magnetism developed by the present author with the use of the functional-integral method. The authors calculate the temperature-dependent magnetic pressure, from which the spontaneous volume magnetostriction is obtained, by taking account of the volume dependences of the electron-electron interaction and of the band structure. The theory is shown to yield an interpolating description covering the weak- and strong-coupling limits and to reduce to the Hartree-Fock theory at T=0K. Numerical calculations are performed for GCC Fe and FCC NiFe alloys. Attention is paid to the Invar alloy, whose anomaly is well accounted for by the present calculation.


Supplementary Material 6 Auxiliary Lemmas: Proof of Lemma 3 Proof. We can rewrite (6) as an optimization problem over the ℓ 1 /ℓ 2 ball of radius C for some C(λ n) < ∞. 1,2 = C for all optimal primal solution Θ \r. By definition of the ℓ 1 /ℓ 2 subdifferential, we know that for any column u ∈ V \{r}, we have (ˆ Z \r) u 2 ≤ 1. Considering the necessary optimality condition ∇ℓ (ˆ Θ \r) + λ n ˆ Z \r = 0, by complementary slackness condition, we have ⟨ Θ \r , ˆ Z \r ⟩ − C = ⟨ Θ T \r , ˆ Z \r ⟩ − Θ \r 1,2 = 0. Now if for an arbitrary column u ∈ V \{r}, we have (ˆ Z \r) u 2 < 1 and (Θ \r) u ̸ = 0 then this would contradict the condition that ⟨ Θ \r , ˆ Z \r ⟩ = Θ \r 1,2. For this restricted problem, if the Hessian sub-matrix is positive definite, then the problem is strictly convex and it has a unique solution. In this section, we point out the key properties of the gradient, Hessian and derivative of the Hessian for the log-liklihood function. These properties are used to prove the concentration lemmas.


ABSTRACT.This study explores the epistemological culture of the Western philosophy curriculum. Is it the case that female students are immersed in a curriculum that privileges male-centered values, despite claims to equality, equity, and justice? Herein, I focus on academic discourse in relation to identity, gender, and ways of thinking and reasoning that emerge from Western philosophy, a discourse that is said to devalue and exclude certain forms of knowledge, which might be linked to ways of thinking and feeling associated with women. This study examines one possible way to potentially address this destructive trend in education by considering alternative media and forms of pedagogy, which might enhance the educational experience for all students, both male and female. As in van Manen's (1990) phenomenological method for action sensitive pedagogy, I asked female students to generate phenomenological "texts," through interviews and protocol writing, from which "themes" were drawn for analysis and interpretation - thus uniting the qualitative practices of phenomenology and hermeneutics.Keywords: phenomenology; philosophy; gender studies; French feminism; epistemology; curriculumIn this paper I explore, in a phenomenological-hermeneutic manner, the epistemological culture of the curriculum of Western philosophy. If we are to trust the post-modem feminist philosophers, female students are immersed in a curriculum that, proximally and for the most part, despite claims to liberal inclusiveness, equity, and equality, privileges academic discourse endorsing phallocentric and logocentric values. The potential exists that the traditional epistemological model wherein philosophy's pedagogy is grounded indoctrinates female students into an asymmetrical discourse of knowledge/ power, which subjugates, oppresses, and, in many instances, silences the female (feminine) voice, her unique ways of feeling and thinking. Herein, I focus on academic discourse in relation to identity, gender, and ways of thinking and reasoning that emerge from Western philosophy, which, as feminists argue, is a discipline that defines itself through the process of marginalization by engendering an "epistemological culture" that devalues and excludes certain knowledge forms in the classroom, which might be linked with ways of thinking, feeling, and being associated with women, namely, the type of reasoning linked with emotional-cognition.1 This paper examines one possible way in which to address this potentially destructive trend in education by considering alternative educational media and forms of pedagogy, which might enhance the educational experience of all students, both male and female.The paper falls into the following sections:(1) a brief look at methodology and concerns;(2) an explication of post-modern feminist critique as related to my concerns;(3) the presentation of student generated "phenomenological" texts through protocol writing and interview,(4) the interpretation of student generated texts as related to the "theme," or "meaning-structure," of the biological-ontological modality of sexual-difference;(5) speculation on how educators might engender a just and equitable epistemological culture within the classroom through the inclusion of alternative media and interpretive hermeneutic practices.1. The Methodological ApproachMy inquiry begins by posing the following questions: (1) Is the epistemological culture of education perpetuating gender roles and influencing the formation of identity? (2) Is self-identity constructed epistemologically in terms of what is given, privileged, repressed, rejected, and excluded? (3) Do traditional methods of pedagogy in philosophy insidiously engender, reinforce, and perpetuate, logocenteric andphallocentric (male-dominated) ideals and values? (4) What are the potential implications of exploring this topic for improved educational praxis and education reform? …


Sensor processors and their applications are a growing area of focus in computer system research and design. Inherent to this design space is a reduced processing performance requirement. In addition, extremely high energy constraints are necessary such that sensor processors must execute low-performance tasks for long durations on small energy supplies. In this study, we demonstrate that subthreshold-voltage circuit design (400mV and below) lends itself well to the performance and energy demands of sensor processors. Moreover, we show that the landscape for microarchitectural energy optimization dramatically changes in the subthreshold domain. The dominance of leakage power in the subthreshold regime demands architectures that (i) reduce overall area and (ii) increase the utility of transistors while (iii) maintaining acceptable CPI efficiency. Moreover, we learn that memory comprises the single largest contributor to leakage energy, which makes high code density an essential requirement for sensor processor architectures. We confirm these observations by performing SPICE-level analysis of several sensor processor architectures. We further substantiate our concepts regarding subthreshold-voltage design by the fabrication and testing of a prototype chip.
Based on the lessons learned form design space exploration, we propose an extremely energy-efficient sensor processor architecture by focusing on ISA, memory system design, and microarchitectural optimizations that reduce overall design size and improve energy-per-instruction. This design employs an ultra-compact 12-bit wide RISC instruction set architecture, which enables high code density via micro-operations and flexible operand modes. The design also features a unique memory architecture with a prefetch buffer and pre-decoded address bits, which permit both faster access to the memory and smaller instructions due to fewer address bits. It is capable of running at 142 kHz while consuming only 6000fJ/instruction, allowing the design to run continuously for 41 years on the energy stored in a 1g lithium-ion battery.
Furthermore, in order to more accurately evaluate sensor processors, we introduce real-time, stream-oriented benchmark applications based on the common activities of sensor processors. Finally, we propose the use of three new evaluation metrics which capture the significant characteristics of a sensor processor: EPB (Energy Per Bundle), xRT (times Real-Time), and CFP (Composition Footprint).


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Abstract The paper is devoted to developing mathematical models of the elastic oscillations of a cylindrical shell with surface closing cracks. The respective forms of shell vibrations have been chosen to represent various types of damage of the shell. In the case of dispersed and single-surface damage, the transverse shell vibrations are simulated. The cycle of vibrations is assumed to be subdivided into two parts, in one of them the damaged surface fibers are compressed so closing the cracks and negating their influence. For the second part, the cracks are open, so their influence is taken into account. The problem is solved in a piecewise linear with different frequencies and amplitudes at each vibrations cycle interval. The vibration parameters are calculated by means of Relay's energy conservation method and are represented by analytical expressions, the system being assumed to be conservative. The functions determining the vibration process are decomposed by a Fourier analysis using the averaged frequency, the coefficients of the resulting series being obtained as analytical expressions. Vibrodiagnostic functions, which enable the geometrical parameters of the cracks to be determined depending on the geometry of the shell and type of damage, have been plotted.


ion of meaning, when legal authorities construe intricate and obscure meanings (as, in fact, they have already done in relation to the legal concepts of "person" and "special respect"), the reality referred to by these legal and moral concepts would make clear that there is abuse in the use of language. For no matter how much imperium courts may have to construct and reconstruct concepts in the social sphere in general, and in the world of law in particular, they lack the power to transform, and least of all to deny, the referential frame of this construction. In other words, if reference precedes meaning, then human or fundamental rights principles and their characteristic universality—for each and every one—and absoluteness, in all cases, would be invulnerable to the abuses of language. Having reached this stage of the discussion, it is worthwhile to ask, one last time: which semantic practice better fits the conceptual, and therefore the necessary, characteristics of human rights? A practice that construes concepts from a vacuum, or a practice that construes them from a grasp of reality? In this latter case, how does the reality referred to by the concept of human rights narrow the construction of the legal concept of person? Is it not by imposing the only condition that its admittance be universal for every man, and absolute in each and every situation? Introduction to 1 NATURAL LAW at xi (John Finnis & Carolyn Dever eds., Dartmouth Press 1991; published as part of THE INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY OF ESSAYS IN LAW & LEGAL THEORY series). 91. For an approach to the constructivist semantics that underlies the line of cases following Roe, see John M. Breen & Michael A. Scaperlanda, Never Get Out the Boat. Stenberg vs. Carhart and the Future of American Law, 39 CONN. L. REV. 297, 304 (2006).