The article provides a systematic study of the principles that ensure effective appellate review of the case, as one of the means of protection of civil rights, freedoms and interests in civil proceedings, generalization of historical and theoretical developments and conceptual provisions of civil procedural law, as well as analysis of principles of appeal. court decisions in civil proceedings of Ukraine. After all, the violation of the principles of civil procedural law leads to the adoption of an illegal and unfounded court decision, which is further subject to cancellation. That is why the implementation of justice on the basis of the rule of law is a guarantee of law and order in the state. In this regard, the basic principles implemented in the appellate proceedings are described, the most important of which is the principle of the rule of law. The European integration processes taking place in our country have changed the approach to understanding the concept of the rule of law. Thus, the rule of law covers such principles as: legality, legal certainty, finality of the trial (res judicata). In addition to the principle of the rule of law, attention is paid to such intersec-toral principles as the principle of territoriality, specialization and the principle of instance. Along with the above principles, other principles implemented in the appellate proceedings are also studied, namely the principles of adversarial and dispositive, the guarantee of which is to ensure the optimal balance of rights and responsibilities of litigants and the court in adversarial proceedings not only in the court of the first instance, but also at the stage of appeal proceedings. The principle of publicity and openness of the court process is also considered, according to which the consideration of cases in the courts of appeal is conducted orally and openly and is carried out in the state language. Due attention is also paid to the study of the principle of proportionality, which is new in the civil procedural legislation of Ukraine.


We present a study on the interpretation of conversion electron Mossbauer spectra reflecting an infinite number of sites, in casu Mossbauer spectroscopy on Fe1-xSi layers on Si, synthesized by pulsed laser annealing. These spectra display a broad double-peaked resonance, reflecting the numerous different environments of the Fe-57 probe due to a distribution of vacancies on the Fe sublattice. The spectra can be fitted in many different ways; hence finding a reliable physical interpretation is not straightforward. Therefore ab initio calculations have been performed in order to obtain a priori information about the hyperfine interaction parameter distributions. For this material, the electric-field gradient on the Fe-57 atoms turns out to depend on details in the configuration of neighbors as far as the sixth neighbor shell. The isomer shift appears to be determined by the number of Fe atoms in the first and second Fe neighbor shells only. This leads to the construction of an ab initio based model predicting the mean isomer shift and its distribution for a given Fe1-xSi layer with a known Fe concentration profile. By applying this model new information from the experimental data can be extracted: we show that after applying one or two laser pulses, the Fe atoms are not completely randomized at an atomic scale. The relation of this model to other approaches of analyzing Mossbauer spectra with a distribution of sites is discussed, as well as the difference between the present results on [CsCl]Fe1-xSi and earlier interpretations in the literature. This work reveals how a combination of Mossbauer experiments and ab initio calculations leads to a more reliable interpretation of Mossbauer spectra reflecting an infinite number of sites.


As in many other electrochemical energy‐converting systems, the flexible direct ethanol fuel cells rely heavily on high‐performance catalysts with low noble metal contents and high tolerance to poisoning. In this work, a generic dealloying procedure to synthesize nanoporous multicomponent anodic and cathodic catalysts for the high‐performance ethanol fuel cells is reported. On the anode side, the nanoporous AlPdNiCuMo high‐entropy alloy exhibits an electrochemically active surface area of 88.53 m2 g−1Pd and a mass activity of 2.67 A mg−1Pd for the ethanol oxidation reaction. On the cathode side, the dealloyed spinel (AlMnCo)3O4 nanosheets with no noble metals demonstrate a comparable catalytic performance as the standard Pt/C for the oxygen reduction reaction, and tolerance to high concentrations of ethanol. Equipped with such anodic and cathodic catalysts, the flexible solid‐state ethanol fuel cell is able to deliver an ultra‐high energy density of 13.63 mWh cm−2 with only 3 mL ethanol, which is outstanding compared with other similar solid‐state energy devices. Moreover, the solid‐state ethanol fuel cell is highly flexible, durable and exhibits an inject‐and‐run function.


AbstractIn this study, the ensemble of three-dimensional variational data assimilation (En3DVar) method for convective-scale weather is adopted and evaluated using an idealized supercell storm simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Synthetic radar radial velocity, reflectivity, satellite-derived cloud water path (CWP), and total precipitable water (TPW) data are produced from the simulated supercell storm and then these data are assimilated into another WRF Model run that starts with no convection. Two types of experiments are performed. The first assimilates radar and satellite CWP data using a perfect storm environment. The second assimilates additional TPW data using a storm environment with dry bias. The first set of experiments indicates that incorporating CWP and radar data into the assimilation leads to a much faster initiation of supercell storms than found using radar data alone. Assimilating CWP data primarily improves the analyses of nonprecipitating hydrometeor variable...


The basic idea of the synthetic modal test is to divide the whole structure into several substructures.The modal parameters of the substructures are obtained by means of the modal test for the substructures,and then the parameters are synthesized and the whole structure modal parameters are gained.In automobile NVH analysis,the cost and time-consuming of the modal test for whole white body are usually very high.Using the synthetic modal test method,the cost and time-consuming of the modal test can be reduced,and the precision of the test can still satisfy the engineering requirement.


Although immuno‐inflammatory response contributes to pathogenesis of AF, molecular and cellular mechanism in this process remains poorly understood. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that Programmed death‐1 (PD‐1)/PD‐1 ligand (PD‐L) pathway may be a potential pathway participating in AF pathogenesis. In this study, we detected the PD‐1 and PD‐L1, 2 expression on peripheral blood function cells by flow cytometry in 91 atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and 35 healthy volunteers. The expression of PD‐1 on CD4+ T cells and PD‐L1 on myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) in AF patients is significantly down‐regulated compared with healthy volunteers. In addition, the extent of PD‐1/PD‐L1 down‐regulation is closely related with AF burden. More importantly, Allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR) shows that the mDCs PD‐L1 down‐regulation is associated with increased T cell (CD4+ and CD8+) proliferation, increased type 1 effector cytokines (IL‐2 and IFN‐γ) secretion, and decreased type 2 effector cytokine (IL‐10) secretion. Then, PD‐L1 up‐regulation by the stimulation of IFN‐α can significantly convert this representation. Collectively, our report suggest that T(CD4+)/mDCs‐associated PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway plays a key role in AF immune regulation. PD‐1/PD‐L1 down‐regulation in AF patients promotes T cells function and may contribute to AF pathogenesis.


Autism is one of the most widely recognized and reliably diagnosed developmental disorders. There is general professional consensus that autism is biologically based, with a strong genetic component and likely involvement of various neural structures. Distinct deficits in social reciprocity and relatedness are often apparent early in development, typically by 12 to 15 months, with reliable and valid diagnosis usually possible by 24 months. Early and intensive behaviorally based treatment, in particular the use of applied behavior analysis, is effective in systematically teaching skills and reducing problematic behaviors. Despite evidence of efficacy, however, the limited availability of quality behavioral services for children with autism is a significant barrier to effective treatment.


A Medico Legal Summit was convened by the National Minister of Health, Dr Aaron Motsoaledi, on 9 and 10 March this year. In his keynote address (published in full on page 4), Dr Motsoaledi stated that the summit was long overdue. He expressed concerns, and rightfully so, that medico-legal litigation had reached a crisis of epic proportions in the country. It became clear as the summit unfolded over the two days that the triggers to litigation in the healthcare context are primarily two-fold: medical malpractice and/or professional negligence and patient safety reasons. While the private sector grapples largely with the former, the state sector healthcare facilities deal with a combination of both causes. This editorial discusses some of the causes and impact of increasing medical litigation, and considers possible interventions in this regard.


When we need to answer questions about the real world, we build models. Models are necessarily simplifications, which introduce departures from the real world. Over time we have developed a number modeling paradigms that have been found to work well for certain classes of questions. Each modeling paradigm's simplifying assumptions are appropriate for its class of questions but would not necessarily be appropriate for another class of questions. The simplifying assumptions of one modeling paradigm may be inconsistent with or even contradict the simplifying assumptions of another modeling paradigm. These contradictions are not present in the real world, only in our models. They are introduced by the simplifications. The gaps among the ontologies underlying different paradigms are not bridgeable by a unified ontology that enables addressing questions that cross complex physical, human, economic and social phenomena. We argue instead that the best strategy for addressing complex paradigm-spanning questions is a four-level formulation of optimize if you can; if not, adapt if you can; if not, hedge if you can; if not, accept the consequences.


This paper analysed the shortage of Grey Model in dam's forecast in practice. Based on presenting how to form Grey Models, it is indicated that many models should be formed with Grey System Theory and that the models precision should be valued in the term with both effects of simulation and forecast, which are compared and the best is choosed. At last, some examples from dam's displacement, groundwater and flood level are given to stand by the points in six models.


Bonds as invesment instrument are classified in fixed income securities have risks
from changes in yields. In this case, investors require bonds for risk management
to minimize the risks resulting from change in yields amd obtain the desired
return. Duration and convexity are used in a suitable combination of risk
management. Approach duration and convexity Heath Jarrow Morton for coupon
bonds are one way to sensitivity measure of bond price introduced by Manfred
Fruhwirth (2001) with two popular examples of HJM models with deterministic
volatility structure. They are constant volatility model (Ho/Lee, 1986) and
exponential volatility model (Hull/White, 1990). In this graduation paper will be
discussed how to calculate the duration and convexity Heath Jarrow Morton with
constant volatility model to estimate bond price changes more accurate from
change in yields by comparing the estimated price of the bond using traditional
approach and exponential approach in yield contionuous time. Furthermore,
constructing the weight/proportion of optimal bonds to form bond portfolio with
moment method.


In this paper I discuss the characteristics of an expert evaluator. My thesis is that the expert evaluator—the 'black belt' in the field—is characterised by taking a broad view that sees patterns where others see points; by delving deep for root causes where others see surface explanations; and by emphasising worth and value. This paper is a thought piece and a reflection—its aim is to stimulate debate and discussion rather than to offer definitive conclusions. The intent of this paper is to explore what it is that makes a 'black belt' evaluator; that is, someone who is a recognised expert in the area with demonstrated mastery. The thesis of the paper is that expertise/mastery in evaluation involves more that just the superior acquisition of the same set of skills, attributes or competencies that define 'an evaluator'; rather expertise/mastery involves an additional set of qualities. These additional qualities are taking the macro perspective and a focus on value for the client. The structure of this paper is as follows. After discussing why I think it matters to consider 'black belt' evaluators, and what 'black belt' means, I describe the work in Australia and New Zealand on evaluator competencies, Next, I consider from a theoretical perspective the nature of competence and expertise before considering how competence models fit within an expert–novice framework. I then draw on the literature on expert–novice differences to hypothesise areas in which expert and novice evaluators might differ.


This article focuses on the consumption/interpretation of the Bible, which is viewed as a complex, qualitative databank, requiring rigorous methodological tools to attempt the hermeneutical interpretive task. A positivist philosophical approach to Bible study is taken, posing questions like 'What did the original writer intend the audience to understand?' as a precursor to the question 'How do we impart thatmessage today?'. Biblical scholarship is extremely sophisticated, and this article delves into many layers of techniques and rigorous analysis, including word studies, studies of phrases and paragraph structures, and sociological hypotheses about politicalagendas. It draws on critical textual, historical, and narrative schools of thought in biblical research. These different methods are presented both as an end in themselves (as tools of literary analysis) and also as means to study the content of the sacredas transcendent experiences of extraordinary consumption in consumer research.


Topology and sequence are important mathematical tools for exploratory data mining and common techniques for statistical data analysis, used in many fields, including machine learning, pattern recognition, image analysis, information retrieval and bioinformatics. In this research work, we introduce new types of intuitionistic fuzzy soft sequences and their fundamental properties in intuitionistic fuzzy soft topological spaces are studied. The concepts of subsequence, increasing sequence, decreasing sequence and convergence sequence of intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets are proposed. The concepts of clusters of intuitionistic fuzzy soft sequences are also introduced. Some new results regarding the above concepts are explored.


Thin films of iron were fabricated on MgO (100) substrates using pulsed laser deposition technique. The crystalline property and surface roughness of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, respectively. It was found that the morphology of the Fe film deposited at room temperature was characteristic of continuous metal film. Increasing the deposition temperature caused the smooth Fe film to break up, and nanoscale Fe islands were formed. We performed the z-scan measurements to study the third-order optical nonlinearity of the continuous approximately 9-nm-thick iron film. The results show that the ultrathin iron film exhibits large nonlinear refractive coefficient, n2 = 7.09 10 5 cm/kW, and nonlinear absorption coefficient, b = 5.52 10 3 (cm/ W), at the wavelength of 532 nm. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 68.55 a; 78.66. w; 81.15. z


We believe in the potential of augmenting reality for increasing human perception to overcome shortcomings of interface technology, such as material, surface structure or form factor. Current interfaces, for example, displays and touch-based surfaces, do not provide same degree of information as human sensory, like vision and touch. As sensory illusion can result in perception of information that was not sensed, we discuss in this position paper the potential of sensory illusion for augmenting interface perception. We first explain how sensation can be augmented using illusion and secondly, we propose to apply such approach to both, current devices and everyday things. As such, this paper argues for the vision of calm computing and hidden technology through outsourcing computation to the human illusion.


SUMMARY: The purpose of this study was to examine the plain anteroposterior radiographs of the hands in Turkish subjects inorder to determine the prevalence of sesamoid bones and their distribution. A total of 923 hand radiographs from 459 men and 464women with a mean age of 43.76±14.8 years (range, 18-85 years) were examined. Two sesamoid bones (ulnar and radial) were alwayspresent at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb (100%). One sesamoid bone in the thumb interphalangeal (IP) joint wasobserved in 21.3% of the cases. The prevalence of sesamoid bone of the index and little MCP joint were 36.6% and 53.2% respecti vely.Sesamoid bones palmar to the MCP joints of the middle finger and ring finger were rare; the incidence for these locations being 1.3% (12hands) and 0.9% (8 hands), respectively. There were no significant differences between left and right hand digits. The distribution ofsesamoid bones in different locations between male and female subjects were statistically similar in 1st IP joint (p=0.530), 4th MCP(p=0.631), 5th MCP (p=0.067) joints. However, the sesamoid bones in 2nd MCP and 3rd MCP joints were statistically more frequent infemale subjects (p=0.024 and p=0.018 respectively). The present study represents the first report on the prevalence and distribution ofsesamoid bones in the hand in Turkish subjects. The prevalence of sesamoid bones in Turkish population is considerably differen t fromthe Africans and Europeans, but rather resembles Mediterranean and Arab populations.˚


The Librarian would be grateful for the presentation of any of the following works of which the Library is in need. Information as to the existence of copies for sale would also be welcomed:— China Branch R.A.S., Transactions, pts. v-vii, 1855-9. Grimth, Rdmdyan of Vdlmiki, tr., vol. iv, 1870. Journal of the Indian Archipelago, vol. i, vol. ix, Nos. 1, 2, 3. Le Strange, Mesopotamia and Persia in the Fourteenth Century A.D., from the Nuzhat-al-Kulub of Hamd-Allah Mustawfi, Asiatic Society Monographs, 1903. Le Museon, Nouvelle serie, vols. iv, v, vi, and from vol. x to the end of the series, about 1915. Numismatic Chronicle, vol. ii, Nos. 5, 6 ; vol. iii, Nos. 9, 11, 12; New Ser., Nos. 9, 10, 1863; Proceedings from the beginning. Orientalische Bibliographic, Band 1-4, 1888-91. Perrot and Chipiez, History of Ancient Egyptian Art, vol. i, 1883. Phoenix, The, vol. 3, Nos. 27, 28, Sept.-Oct., 1872 ; No. 30, Dec, 1872 ; Nos. 34, 35, 36, April, May, June, 1873. Sudan Notes and Records, vol. i, No. 2 ; vol. ii, No. 1 ; vol. vi, Nos. 3, 4. Toyo-Gahuho, vol. xiii, No. 1. Vienna Oriental Journal, vol. xxix, pts. iii, iv. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, vol. viii.


Objective: To assess the bacteriological profile of septicemic neonates with their antibiogram. Setting – referral centre Patients: A total of 2002 neonates were screened for bacterial sepsis. Out of these, 612 were diagnosed clinically as having septicemia. Detail clinical profile of all babies was recorded. Culture and sensitivity of blood samples of these 612 were performed as per the standard techniques. Result: Low birth weight was found to be the commonest risk factor associated with neonatal sepsis. 197 were culture positive. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid combination was found to be best for Gram positive cocci and Enterobacteriaceae isolates in our study whereas Pseudomonas isolates were the most sensitive to Amikacin. Conclusion: Blood culture is of utmost importance in the diagnosis and effective management of neonatal sepsis. A detail clinical profile always helps in correlating the laboratory findings. Antibiotic policy should be followed for proper management of these cases.


Phytophthora ramorum, causal agent of ramorum blight of woody shrub species, has caused serious damage to cultivars and species of camellia in commercial nurseries. Reports of relative susceptibility of camellia to P. ramorum have indicated a range from high to low susceptibility, both in nurseries and under experimental conditions. We inoculated a series of cultivars of camellia to determine their relative susceptibility to infection, and then compared lesion size to the capacity of the pathogen to produce sporangia on the lesions. We found, as did others, a wide range of susceptibility among cultivars, but lack of correlation between susceptibility (lesion size) and potential to produce sporangia that might spread the pathogen within the nursery. These results indicate that on some cultivars the pathogen might produce small or inconspicuous lesions, yet still produce copious numbers of sporangia that could spread the disease, both within the nursery and from nursery to nursery. Introduction Ramorum blight, caused by the pathogen Phytophthora ramorum (21), has been reported on a wide range of trees, shrubs, and ornamental plants in nurseries and landscapes (20). As a result the disease and the pathogen are regulated by quarantine to prevent geographic dissemination (10). Numerous plant species have been shown to be susceptible (2,20), including camellia (1,13,16,19). Currently, nurseries are inspected to detect infected plants and thereby prevent dissemination of the disease geographically (9). However, the pathogen has been disseminated geographically from nursery to nursery on camellia and other host plants. In the United States, national nursery surveys were performed in 48 states in 2005, and seven states were found to have nurseries with plants that tested positive for P. ramorum (10). In 2004 infected camellia plants were found in nurseries in 22 states, shipped from supply nurseries on the west coast. How that dissemination occurred, in spite of inspections, remains unknown. One explanation, however, is that the pathogen spread within the disseminating nurseries and caused insignificant lesions on camellia leaves that were not detected. Shishkoff (16) described the symptoms and susceptibility of species and cultivars of camellias, and indicated that sometimes lesions were small, and on some cultivars the symptoms were difficult to see on the upper leaf surfaces. Furthermore, infected leaves on camellia often abscised and were no longer on the plants during inspections. If sporangia were produced on leaves that had fallen onto the medium surface, they could have washed down onto the roots, causing root infections that eventually progressed into the shoots, such as was shown for rhododendron (5). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that some camellia cultivars were more susceptible than others, and that variation also occurred in the potential for the pathogen to produce sporangia on lesions on different genotypes of camellia. 22 August 2007 Plant Health Progress Inoculum Production, Inoculation, Disease Evaluation, and Sporulation Potential The P. ramorum used in this study, 03-74-N10-A (N10A), was isolated from rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.) in an Oregon nursery, and is a North American genotype of the A-2 mating type. Cultures were maintained and stored under refrigeration on agar slants until used, and then were transferred frequently on dilute V8 juice agar plates (30 ml/liter of clarified V8 juice instead of the normal 150 to 200 ml/liter) (6). Sporangia to be used as inoculum were produced on dilute V8 juice agar plates (150-mm diameter), starting from a sporangial suspension spread on the plates that were then incubated in a dark incubator at 20°C for 8 days. Sporangia were removed from the plates by flooding with 5 ml of sterile distilled water and scraping the surface of the agar with the edge of a spatula. The aqueous suspension of cauducous sporangia was then poured into a beaker and gently swirled using a magnetic stirrer. Sporangia were used to inoculate leaves from cultivars of Camellia japonica and C. susanqua, and six camellia hybrids (Fig. 1). Three leaves were randomly taken from each of 3 plants per cultivar grown in one-gallon containers. Just prior to inoculation, each leaf was wounded once on the abaxial side, away from the midvein, using a needle probe. A 10-μl drop of sporangial suspension containing approximately 2600 sporangia per ml was pipetted into the wound. The concentration of sporangia (or released zoospores) was determined by plating on PARP medium (4,14) and counting colonies. A single culture plate of N10A was used to inoculate 6 cultivars at a time. Inoculated leaves were placed in plastic box chambers with moist vermiculite in the bottom to maintain high humidity and free water on the leaf surface. Inoculated leaves in boxes were allowed to sit for 5 h in a 20°C incubator, after which they were manually sprayed with distilled water, enough to wet leaves to provide some free-standing droplets. The sealed containers were then placed in a 20°C incubator with a 14-h light regime (average 33 μmol/sec/m) to incubate for 7 days. Leaves were misted daily to maintain free water on the surface for 6 days. Boxes were rotated 180 degrees daily to balance light distribution among replications during the entire incubation time. Quantification of sporulation and lesion size was done on day 8. 22 August 2007 Plant Health Progress


In this paper, an experiment was designed to get the electroencephalography (EEG) when people caught the vision of moving to different direction (right, left, front, back). Through Fourier Transform., the feature of the EEG was obtained. Then, the algorithm of principal component analysis (PCA) was used to simplify the feature. Finally, in order to classify the direction perception EEG, it was distinguished by the feature with support vector machine (SVM). Result proved that the classification of direction perception EEG was feasible.


According to the basic fruit fly optimization algorithm and other database query optimization algorithms have the low query efficiency,it is difficult to find the global optimal solutions defects,this paper proposed a database query optimization algorithm based on two stage optimization strategy.Firstly,the defects of fruit fly optimization algorithm are analyzed,and the adaptive step size and modified taste concentration decision value strategy are introduced,and then the improved fruit fly optimization algorithm is used to solve database query optimization problem,finally genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal database query solution,and the performance is tested by he simulation experiment.The simulation results show that compared with t fruit fly optimization algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm,the proposed algorithm not only speed up the database query efficiency for solving optimization problems,and get better scheme of the database query.


Investigations of memory impairment in schizophrenia have frequently revealed a strategic processing deficit at encoding. The authors studied an early encoding process, refreshing (in this case, thinking of a stimulus that has just-previously been presented), and its impact on recognition memory in schizo-phrenia. Following simultaneous presentation of three words or a single word in the top, middle, or bottom position of the screen, 25 patients with schizophrenia and 25 control participants saw and read a new word (read condition), or a word presented on the previous screen (repeat condition), or saw a dot indicating that they should think of and say the last word to have appeared in that position (refresh condition). Later, on a surprise test, participants were asked to recognize words seen previously and give a Remember, Know, or Guess response according to whether they recognized each on the basis of conscious recollection, familiarity, or guessing. The cognitive operation of refreshing was impaired in schizophrenia: patients were slower on 1-word trials and less accurate on 3-word trials to refresh a word, and their Remember responses did not benefit from refreshing. Episodic memory, that is, the ability to remember past events, is dramatically impaired in schizophrenia This impairment has critical consequences for the everyday life of patients and thus plays a major role in their difficulties with social integration (Green, 1996; Green, Kern, Braff, & Mintz, 2000). For instance, it reduces patients' ability to use past experiences to adjust ongoing behavior. Remediating this memory impairment is essential but cannot be achieved without understanding its functional mechanisms and identifying impaired elementary processes that might be specifically targeted later by remediation techniques. Tulving (1985) characterized episodic memory as a memory system that allows people to reexperience past events by mentally reliving them. This experience of recollecting details of a particular event is different from the feeling of knowing that an event has taken place but without recollecting the details of the event. Tulving (1985) proposed the Remember-Know procedure to investigate this difference in subjective experience. During a recognition memory task, participants are asked to make a Remember response if recognition is accompanied by the conscious recollection of some specific feature of the item's presentation (where it was, what they thought, etc.) and a Know response if recognition is associated only with a feeling of familiarity. Huron, Danion, and their colleagues used this procedure in patients with schizophrenia (reviewed in Danion & …


This article deals with the analysis of the temperature factors of die casting and the conditions of the service life of moulds. It also describes a mechanism of the origin of internal structures and development of crystallisation grains of aluminium castings depending on the degree of undercooling. The monitored factors are very important in terms of production efficiency and the quality of the casting, which is positively reflected in the most important economic indicators of the production. In die casting, the melted metal is pressed under high temperature into a mould cavity of significantly lower temperature. The mould is then exposed to thermal strain of individual surface layers of the mould material. The speed of cooling of the castings in the metal mould increases, causing an increase of thermal gradients in the casting. Intensive heat exchange between the casting and the metal mould has a negative effect on fluidity, which increases the danger of incomplete replenishment and the occurrence of cold joints.


The number of young people who want to work in the agricultural sector is decreasing compared to the non-agricultural sector. A farmer who has a young age usually has high enthusiasm for trying new things in determining suitable commodities. The education level of those working in the agricultural sector is low, with the majority having or not completing primary school. The level of education is very important to absorb new information and technology. Income is one of the factors for someone to determine a job because it is to meet the needs of daily life. Income in the agricultural sector depends on crop yields and fluctuations in market prices. The social environment plays an important role in the mindset of the younger generation in determining a worker. This study aims to determine the relationship between age, education, income, and social environment with the work motivation of young people in the agricultural sector. The approach used is descriptive quantitative with a purposive sampling method. The analytical method used is correlation analysis using Spearman rank. The younger generation studied were aged 20-44 years. The research location is in Jumo Village, Kedungjati District, Grobogan Regency, Central Java. Respondents consist of 50 young people who work in the agricultural sector using open land. The results showed that there is a significant and positive link between variables of age, education, income, and social environment with the younger generation's motivation to work in agriculture.


Multi-core processors (MCPs) present many challenges to developers of certifiable [1], safety-critical software applications. Many of these challenges fall on the system developer/integrator. However, some rely on capabilities the underlying Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) that is used to support these applications. Most importantly, the RTOS must allow application developers to bound and control interference patterns on shared resources (e.g., contention for shared cache). Additionally, it must help minimize the difference between an application's average and worst-case execution times (ACET and WCET, respectively). Without such RTOS capabilities, developers of certifiable, safety-critical applications will find it difficult to achieve the goals of ensuring that the systems they deliver will safely perform their intended functions and maximizing the available CPU bandwidth afforded by MCPs. In this paper, we discuss cache partitioning technology that allows developers to achieve these two goals along with benchmark results that demonstrate its efficacy.


Determination of emission of contaminant gases as ammonia and methane from natural ventilated livestock buildings with large opening is a challenge due to the large variety in gas concentration and air velocity in the openings. The close relation between calculated animal heat production and the carbon dioxide production from the animals have in several cases been utilized for estimation of the emission of ammonia and other gasses. Using this method the problem of the complicated air velocity and concentration distribution in the openings is avoided, but still there is considerable doubt about (1) the precision of the estimations (2) the requirement for the length of measuring periods, and (3) the required measuring point number and location. The purpose of this work was to investigate how estimated average gas emission and the precision of the estimation is influenced by different calculation procedures, different measuring period length, different measure point locations, different measure point numbers and different criteria for excluding measuring data. The analyses is based on existing data from a 6 days measuring period in a naturally ventilated, 150 milking cow building, and it shows that the methane emission can be determined with much higher precision than ammonia emission, and, for methane, relatively precise estimations can be based on measure periods as short as 3 hours. This result makes it feasible to investigate the influence of feed composition on methane emission in a relative large number of operating cattle buildings and consequently it can support a development towards reduced greenhouse gas emission from cattle production. For ammonia the analyses did not reveal any shortcuts to precise and simple estimation of emission from naturally ventilated buildings.


In order to observe how acid environment of waste ore rock influences the seed germination of different species and the sensitivity of seeds to the acidity of waste ore rock, we designed the comparable groups of acidic solutions of different pH values to simulate the acidity of waste ore rock and examined the variations of seed germination for Amorpha fruticose Linn and Dalbergia hupeana Hance. We came to the conclusion that, at the pH value of above 2.4 for the indigenous environment of waste ore rock, Dalbergia hupeana Hance and Amorpha fruticose Linn are low acid-sensitive species. However, understanding their mechanisms of adaptation to the environment of acidic waste ore rock needs further physiological ecological experiments.


This research is titled "Effect of National Income, Inflation and Deposit Interest Rate on Private Consumption in Indonesia". This study aims to determine the effect of variables of National Revenue, Inflation and Deposit Interest Rate of Consumption by Indonesia Society. The data that uses in this research is secondary data which derived from Bank Indonesia's data (BI) and Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), the data use quarterly data from the first quarter of 2000 to the second quarter of 2009.
To analyze the data, this research use ECM (Error Correction Model) method, ECM is a model that is used to correct the equation of regression among the variables that individually are not stationary in order to return to equilibrium in long-term value with a requirement of the existence of cointegration relationships among variables constituent. The test statistic involves the t-test, F test, and R2 test (coefficient of determination) as well as the assumptions of classical test covering multicoleniarity test and autocorrelation test.
The results of this research states that the National Income, Inflation and Deposit Interest Rate has significant effect to society consumption in long term, while in short term National Income, Inflation and Deposit Interest Rate has showing result insignificantly.
Keyword : Consumption, National Income, Inflation, Deposit Interest Rate


This article examines senior pupils. problems of a profile mathematical training in rural district schools. The article proves that the usage of another educational institution.s resources with the help of a distance education is the most optimum alternative of the profile training organization in the countryside. Means of the profile training are mathematical applied problems providing for the development of senior pupils. profile interests


Lobsters are one of the highly esteemed seafood
delicacies and cu r re n t ly fetch the highest unit value
among commercially exploited marine resources. These
are decapod crustaceans belonging to fo u r fami l ie s :
Nephropidae {clawed / true lobsters), Palinuridae {Spiny/
rock lobsters), Scyllaridae (Sand /slipper lobsters) and
Synaxidae (Coral lobsters). Representatives of the families
Palinuridae and Scyllaridae constitute the lobster fisher000y
of India.


This paper presents the results of a research project on the new modes of production of television crime news. The enquiry involved monitoring television newscasts of the five major channels in Buenos Aires City and interviews with news workers. We analyze the news content, the ways of narrating and enunciating crime news on television, the role played by the police in the structure of the news, the emergence of new sources of information and the production routines of crime news. Our findings suggest that most of the newscasts on television give prominence to crime news within their agendas and that its production and presentation has changed as the result of the spread of digital technologies as sources of information.


Introduction. Currently, wood-based construction materials are in high demand in the field of construction around the globe. The study of the original wood composite in order to improve its characteristics through various methods is scientific pre-requisity for such development. When wood burns, it forms a surface coke layer, which can differ in mechanical and thermal stability. These parameters produce a significant effect on the fire resistance rating of building structures due to a change in the reduction rate of the structure useful cross section. Materials and methods. The studies carried out during the work are related to the evaluation of the characteristics of coke layer formed during thermal decomposition of wood. Thermal analysis methods, the scanning electron microscopy method and the water adsorption method were used. The original sapwood of pine, as well as the wood modified with effective fire-retardant agents were used in the course of work. Results. Based on conducted experiments process graphic dependences of thermal decomposition have been obtained, as well as images, obtained by an electronic microscope. In addition, the dependence of adsorptive capacity of wood after thermal decomposition has been obtained. Discussions. As a result of the study, it was found that with the use of modifiers based on organophosphorous compounds, entering into effective reaction with wood, structuring of the surface layer occurs after thermal decomposition while reducing the size of specific surface area of wood. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of experimental data, we can conclude that because of the use of efficient wood surface layer modifiers, thermal decomposition takes place under "mild" conditions that is the shift of the first stage of thermal decomposition to the area of lower temperatures with non-severe exothermic effects. The loss of weight of samples during combustion is significantly reduced. This causes high fire-retardant efficiency and low smoke-generating capacity.


Quantum smoothing is an acausal quantum parameter estimation technique demonstrated by T.A Wheatley as a superior method of estimating the phase of a system which evolves dynamically under the influence of an unknown classical stochastic process. It was shown to be not only more accurate than the standard quantum limit but also more accurate than equivalent causal estimation techniques. This project aims to produce a digital signal processing system with analogue interfaces, capable of replacing the critical analogue process of filtering within the Wheatley experiment, and then implementing the classically unrealisable time-symmetric process of quantum smoothing as a real-time system capable of producing an accurate, continuous output.


The Gd2(WO4)3:RE3+ compounds (where RE3+ = Sm and Tb) were prepared by the Pechini and ceramic methods and characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. These rare earth materials present high orange (Sm3+-compound) and green (Tb3+-compound) luminescence intensity under UV radiation. The excitation spectra of these compounds presented broad bands arising from ligand-to-metal charge transfer (O®W and O®RE3+) and narrow bands from 4f-intraconfigurational transitions. The excitation spectra of Tb3+ system also exhibit broad bands attributed to the interconfigurational transition (4f-5d). The emission spectra exhibited the 4G5/2®6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2 and 11/2) and 5D4® 7FJ (J = 0-6) transitions (direct excitation), for the systems doped with Sm3+ and Tb3+, respectively, while a broad band assigned to the LMCT (O®W) is observed when the excitation is monitored on the O®W LMCT state around 270 nm. The experimental intensity parameters hSm and hEu present similar behaviors, suggesting that the Sm3+ ion is in a highly polarizable chemical environment with similar covalent character of the metal-donor atom interaction to the tungstate doped europium system. The cross-relaxation process from the 5D3 to the 5D4 levels of the Gd2(WO4)3:Tb3+ system has been also reported.


The cooperation of Industry-University-Strategy is an effective way to improve national innovation ability.It can promote our universities service to society.Through the cooperation of education to cultivate talents has become the trend and its disadvantages.This paper discusses the traditional talent training mode.Then this paper discusses the current of the personnel training mode under the education cooperation,and finally put forward some advice about the college training mode under the cooperation.


All over the world there has been rapid increase in the mobile phone users . mobile phones are popular as they permit people to make and maintain constant and continuous communication without affecting their liberty of lifestyle . As usage of mobile phone is increasing, demand for seamless service is also gets increase and it puts pressure on the service provider . for fulfilling this demand supporting infrastructure is required .To strengthen infrastructure , service provider requires to install more mobile phone tower . Enormous installation of the mobile phone tower throughout the world raised the health concern of high electromagnetic radiation in the area near to these towers. This brings forward the need to revise the radiation level, their impact on the public health and mitigation techniques for radiations . KeywordsElectromagnetic Field (EMF), Ionizing radiation, Non Ionizing radiation, Radiation mitigation techniques, exceedance zone, occupational zone, compliance zone __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________


EyeSim is a multi-robot, multi-tasking simulation system that allows realistic simulation of mobile robots with either differential drive, Ackermann steering, or omni-directional Mechanum wheel drive. The software development kit (SDK) for EyeSim is identical to the RoBIOS operating system for the real EyeBot robots, including a virtual camera system. A realistic error model for sensors and actuators allows the development, testing, and debuging of robust robot programs that can cope with real environments.


The structural change theory states that as GDP per capita increases, the % share of employment in primary sector declines whereas the % share of the secondary sector initially increases and subsequently decreases ,while the % share of tertiary sector increases steadily. The structural change in employment across Jammu & Kashmir economy's key sectors is not following the path way of the structural change theory of employment which implies that percentage share of work force in primary sector declines systematically as GNP per capita income rises whereas the percentage share of both secondary and tertiary sectors workers rise to offset this decline. But, this offset takes place in such a manner that at first stage of structural change theory major percentage share of work force reallocates to secondary sector (almost 75%) and the rest is reallocated to tertiary sector and during the second stage of structural change theory of employment shift of labour force from primary and secondary sector takes place to tertiary sector.


Background: Stroke is a disorder of the nervous system are the most common and major cause of functional activity disorders in adults. Post-stroke problems posed to human life is very complex. The presence of disorders of the brain vital functions such as impaired coordination, posture control disorders, impaired sensation, balance disorders are like sitting balance will decrease the functional activity of individual daily. Exercise Motor Relearning Program can make the learning process as well as the functional activity applied basic premise that the capacity of the brain is able to adapt as well as the reorganization and targeted exercises can be cured and improved. Objective: To determine of Motor Relearning Program for enhancement sitting balance of post-stroke patients. Methods: This study used a method Single Case Research with A-B-A approach, they are A1 as the first baseline, B as giving a treatment, and A2 as the final baseline. Respondents in this study were 2 people. The study was conducted as much as 9 times for 3 weeks. Results: Giving MRP on both respondents in getting pre-test score of at least 20, maximum 23 pre-test value, while the post-test score of at least 29 and a maximum value of 38. With the post-test mean pre-test to post-test 21.5 and 33.5. Conclusion: There was an effect of Motor Relearning Program for enhancement sitting balance of post stroke patients.


A dual mode re-configurable Delta Sigma Modulator (DSM) for ultrasonic applications is presented in this article. The proposed modulator handles two operating modes: B-mode and Continuous Wave (CW) Doppler mode. For B-mode operation a low pass modulator was designed which was modified by Noise Shaping Enhancement (NSE) technique. It achieves 71.7 dB (Signal + Distortion) to Noise Ratio (SNDR) and 80 dB Dynamic Range (DR) over 5 MHz signal bandwidth. For CW Doppler mode a band pass DSM was implemented which was modified by NSE technique. The simulated SNDR of the band pass DSM is 117 dB and DR of 100 dB with a signal bandwidth of 200 KHz. The most attractive feature of the proposed modulator is sharing most of the many building blocks between the low pass and band pass modulator and reducing the active blocks using the NSE technique. [Charmin A, Honarparvar M, Aghdam E.N. A Novel Dual Mode Reconfigurable Delta Sigma Modulator for Bmode and CW Doppler Mode Operation in Ultra Sonic Applications. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):1924-1929] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 291


In this paper a frequency domain multipoint equalization algorithm, which combines fractional octave smoothing of measured impulse responses (IRs) in multiple locations and the extraction of a representative prototype, is presented. The proposed approach is evaluated considering different methods to combine the IRs for the prototype extraction, and to obtain the inverse fi lter for equalization, using sets of impulse responses measured in realistic environments. With respect to previous works, the influence on the equalization performance of the number of considered positions and of the equalization zone size is investigated. Also a comparison with the single point equalization approach is reported. Finally, the multipoint equalization robustness is evaluated also on positions different from those used for the equalizer estimation.


APECS 0154 Integral Linear Actuators Precise stroke positioning helps meet emissions control standards Woodward's new 0154 integral linear actuator provides proportional fuel control for construction, industrial, power generation, and agricultural equipment. As the newest plank in


The SMM attitude ground support system (AGSS) supports the acquisition of spacecraft roll attitude reference, performs the in-flight calibration of the attitude sensor complement, supports onboard control autonomy via onboard computer data base updates, and monitors onboard computer (OBC) performance. Initial roll attitude acquisition is accomplished by obtaining a coarse 3 axis attitude estimate from magnetometer and Sun sensor data and subsequently refining it by processing data from the fixed head star trackers. In-flight calibration of the attitude sensor complement is achieved by processing data from a series of slew maneuvers designed to maximize the observability and accuracy of the appropriate alignments and biases. To ensure autonomy of spacecraft operation, the AGSS selects guide stars and computes sensor occultation information for uplink to the OBC. The onboard attitude control performance is monitored on the ground through periodic attitude determination and processing of OBC data in downlink telemetry. In general, the control performance has met mission requirements. However, software and hardware problems have resulted in sporadic attitude reference losses.


An increasing use and fast development of power electronics in vehicles can be observed: Mechanical systems are replaced by power electronic solutions, which are more economic and provide additional functionality. Drives are a typical application of power electronics in vehicles. The requirements of several types of drives regarding power semiconductors are outlined. The description of state of the art power semiconductor technologies permits to derive which components are suitable. 1 Drives in Vehicles Supplied by Power Electronics 1.1 Types of Machines and Topologies of Power Sections The majority of electric drives makes use of AC or DC motors [1] [2], additional types such as switched reluctance machines are presently gaining importance [3]. Figures 1, 2 and 3 show schematics with a symbol of the respective machine, connected to an appropriate power section. instead of the armature winding, which permits to save some power semiconductor components because of the different current levels, maintaining the four quadrant operability. If the latter is not required for example a hydraulic pump of a fork lift truck is only used in motor operation with one direction of rotation the circuits can be further simplied. Finally, permanent magnet DC machines of course do not need a converter for the excitation. Contrary to a DC machine with mechanical commutator, an AC machine uses its AC supply to generate the rotating field. A power section to generate an AC system is shown in figure 2. The three phase full bridge is able to apply both polarities of voltage to, and both directions of current flow in each of the three windings. A power section with this topology can supply asynchronous and synchronous motors. An excitation winding of a synchronous machine would be additionally fed as described with respect to the excitation winding of a DC machine in figure 1. While AC machines require bidirectional current flow through the windings, unidirectional current flow is sufficient for the control of a switched reluctance motor. This means, that each winding can be supplied with a reduced H bridge as already discussed and shown for a three phase switched reluctance drive in figure 3. It has been assumed that the intermediate circuit of all power sections is fed by a voltage source UZ, which is not mandatory but normally applied, especially if the system is supplied by a battery. There are several dominating levels of battery voltage, depending on the particular type of vehicle: Automotive lead acid batteries are 12V versions, which is intended to be complemented by 42V in future. Trucks and industrial vehicles use batteries of 24V, the latters also higher voltages up to some 100V. The intermediate circuit in industrial vehicles may also be supplied by a generator, driven by a combustion engine; in this case, a voltage level in the range of mains voltage some 400V to 600V is often preferred because it reduces the current levels and permits to use standard industrial motors. These voltage levels can also be Figure 1: DC drive with IGBT power section The DC machine in figure 1 is fed by a dual converter: The armature winding is connected to a H bridge, consisting of transistors T1 to T4 and diodes D1 to D4. This topology permits to apply both polarities of voltage and current to the winding; thus operation in all four quadrants can be controlled. The excitation winding is connected to a reduced H bridge with only two controllable switches T11 and T12, complemented by two free wheeling diodes D11 and D12. This topology permits the controller to apply both polarities of voltage to increase and decrease the unidirectional current flow in the excitation winding. Of course, this topology is not mandatory for any DC drive in a vehicle: If appropriate from the point of view of control, a full H bridge could be used for the supply of the excitation winding Figure 2: AC drive with IGBT power section Figure 3: switched reluctance drive with IGBT power section found in railway vehicles besides the high voltage of electric traction network. It is obvious that the power sections in figures 1, 2 and 3 have a lot in common: The power electronic switches consist of transistors T... and complementary free wheeling diodes D... . More details on their chip technologies will be given in section 2.1. Further, the topologies being combined of transistors and diodes are similar: There are boost and buck choppers, consisting of one transistor and one free wheeling diode respectively see T11/D11 and T12/D12 in figure 1. The combination of two choppers results in a phaseleg such as T1/T2/D1/D2 in figure 1. Two phaselegs constitute a H bridge see T1 to T4/D1 to D4 in figure 1 -, three a three phase full bridge see T1 to T6/D1 to D6 in figure 2. The package of a power semiconductor component which will be discussed more in detail in section 2.2 may contain any of the aforementioned circuits. A high degree of integration if one component comprises a complex circuit with possibly high current capability saves mounting effort and space. Further, it may be beneficial due to electrical properties as shown in the following example. It can be assumed that the intermediate voltage in figure 3 is devided as follows: UZ = UKA(D1) + UA(D1)C(T1) + UCE(T1) (1) where UKA(D1) is the reverse voltage over the free wheeling diode D1, UCE(T1) is the Collector to Emitter voltage of transistor T1 and UA(D1)C(T1) is the voltage between diode and transistor, caused by a parasitic inductance LD1T1 > 0. It will be diLD1T1 UA(D1)C(T1) = LD1T1 (2) dt diL D1T1 where iLD1T1 is the current flow through the inductance. dt « 0 and UCE(T1) ≈ 0 lead to diLD1T1 UKA(D1) = UZ LD1T1 UZ (3) dt according to equations 1 and 2, as will happen during current commutation from the diode to the transistor. In other words, an overvoltage peak over the diode occurs, depending on the parasitic inductance within power section. Integration may help to reduce parasitic inductance which saves switching losses and safety margin regarding blocking voltage which is typically choosen in the same order of magnitude as voltage of DC link. Thus, integrated components comprising a chopper or a phaseleg may additionally make better use of the power semiconductors. Their current capability finally is determined by the power rating of the drive at nominal and overload. One component or a parallel connection of several components should be capable to conduct and switch the required current at defined ambient conditions, the most important of which is heatsink or case temperature: In particular conduction and switching of the power semiconductor chips lead to heat dissipation due to power losses. The heat is transferred from the component via the heatsink to ambient. This may not lead to a chip junction temperature exceeding the rating of the component. To optimize efficiency of the drive, it may be favourable to provide a higher current rating and thus reduce conduction losses. 1.2 Further Requirements An important subject besides the electrical requirements as discussed in section 1.1 is reliability. The main reasons for failures of components in properly designed circuits are of mechanical nature: The components are heated up and cooled down periodically during operation. This may be caused by the power dissipation in the components themselves such as a converter of a fork lift truck, heating up during lift operation or by a change of heatsink temperature such as the change from ambient temperature to some 100 oC in automotive applications after start of the combustion engine, to whose water cooling system the power semiconductor components are thermally coupled. The required number of load or temperature cycles, the average temperature and the temperature rise are parameters to be considered. Details on the influence of component technology are given in section 2.2. Of course, there are further requirements for example on the weight of the components, which should be as light as possible for automotive applications, resistivity against shock, vibration, other environmental conditions etc. 2 Power Semiconductors for Drives


We developed a new solid biointerface for highly sensitive microchip immunoassay by integrating a phospholipid polymer (poly [2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) -eo- n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) -eo- p-nitrophenyloxycarbonyl poly( ethylene glycol) methacrylate (MEONP)]: PMBN) with a nanoscale surface modification process known as the electrospray deposition (ESD) method. The PMBN surface which can conjugate antibodies prevented the nonspecific protein adsorption. The PMBN surface coated by ESD has a nanosphere-shaped structure and showed a high water repellent property. A large amount of antibodies were immobilized using the PMBN surface coated by ESD with surfactant in the solution of primary antibodies. When surface tension of aqueous solution of antibodies was lowered, antibodies could bind to inner surface of PMBN nanostructure and arranged three-dimensionally. High density antibodies immobilized PMBN surface coated by ESD enhanced the specific signal and showed low nonspecific signal in the microchip immunoassay. The PMBN surface coated by ESD realized highly sensitive microchip immunoassay for detecting a small volume of sample in a short time.


Perovskite bismuth ferrite-BFO (1 1 1) membranes, as potential-sensitive electrochemical sensors, are investigated for the detection of high-energy-density materials by molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For the detection mechanism of the sensitive 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) gases, both a cation bridge and electrostatic models can be used to explain the STM signatures as 0.02–0.04 V (single) and 0.03~0.05 V (coverage) over a wide range (0–0.1 V) of bias voltages. For insensitive 1, 3, 5-triamino-2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) gases interacting with the surface of a BFO (1 1 1) membrane, the charge signature can be as high as 0.08 V (coverage: 0.06 V). Analysis indicates a significant difference from the detection mechanism observed for FOX-7 gases; that is, the molecularly intact bidentate bridge configuration with only –NO2− bonds binds to both Fe and Bi atoms. These differences are attributed so that the surface O2− of BFO will capture a part of the surface electron of the –NO2 group, creating a 2p-hole defect (h+) which annihilates a spinning upward (↑) Fe3+, forming a spinning downward (↓) Fe2+. The –NO2 electron decreases 0.35 e (single FOX-7; coverage FOX-7: 0.24 e) and 0.56 e (single TATB; coverage TATB: 0.06 e). Such a system could open up new ideas in the design and application of BFO-based sensors.


The internal temperatures and the ability to dissipate the heat from active part influence the windings' insulation deterioration and determine how long power transformers are able to remain in operation. Due to the great importance of this equipment for the electrical system, studies to avoid failures and early aging are needed. This article presents an evaluation of thermal performance of power transformers and the optical fiber sensor positioning to temperature monitoring. For this, an experimental and numerical methodology is performed, comparing the measurements during the temperature rise test of single-phase prototype power transformer, under oil directed and air natural (ODAN) cooling system conditions equipped with 20 optical fiber sensors along its windings, to the obtained results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations performed in ANSYS Fluent software. It was verified that the punctual temperature measured by optical sensors may not accurately represent the critical temperatures along transformers' windings, and the windings' arrangements impact on oil flow and temperature distribution, as the number and positioning of block washers being necessary to be considered in previous studies for a better positioning of the sensors and temperature monitoring.


The education problem of peasant-worker's children is by nature the offspring of current household register system and rural-urban dualization policy.To solve this problem,education must stand on the principles of rural-urban equality and overall planning,in order to improve the current law and system and build a rural-urban integrated impartial compulsory education system.


Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of the valsartan and indapamide on the treatment of the hypertension so as to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods: 87 patients with hypertension who were treated in our hospital from April 2012 to January 2014 were selected. According to the different treatment methods, the selected patients were divided into the valsartan group,the indapamide group and the combination group with 27 cases in each one. The patients in the valsartan group were treated by the single medication with the valsartan, the patients in the indapamide group were treated by the single medication with the indapamide, and the patients in the combination group were treated by the valsartan combined with the indapamide. Then the changes of blood pressure of patients in the three groups before and after treatment were observed, the total clinical efficacy rate and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared. Results: After the treatment, the blood pressure of patients in the three groups were lower than before(P0.05); The blood pressure of patients in the combination group was lower than those of the patients in the other two groups with statistically significant difference(P0.05). The clinical efficacy of the combination group was higher than those of the patients in the other two groups with statistically significant differences(P0.05). There was no statistically significant difference about the incidence of the adverse reactions of patients in the three groups(P0.05). Conclusions: It is indicated that the clinical effects of the valsartan capsules and indapamide could be worthy of promotion for the treatment of the hypertension with the obvious clinical effects and the better control of the blood pressure.


This article gives an analysis as the cause of the displacement of retaining Wall structure for deep foundation pit, and produces the practical way to estimate the settlement of the back soil bldy in retaining wall structure. In addition, it has put forward several suggestions in the way of the measures to control the deformation and displacement in retaining wall structure.


Administering bone supportive therapy within 1 month prior to starting radium Ra 223 dichloride (Xofigo) may increase the likelihood of achieving pain palliation with the radionuclide therapy and reduce the chance of pain flare, according to the findings of a retrospective study.


Present version: However, we noted a significant fall in the diastolic blood pressure immediately after performing the isotonic exercise for five minutes, in Vata-Kapha individuals in comparison to the other two groups, namely, Pitta-Kapha and Vata-Pitta. To be corrected as: However, we noted that the rise in diastolic blood pressure recorded immediately after performing the isotonic exercise for five minutes was significantly minimal in Vata-Kapha individuals in comparison to the other two groups, namely, Pitta-Kapha and Vata-Pitta.


The concepts of relativistic mass and rest mass in the context of the special relativity theory (SRT) arise great discussion and have already motivated the publishing of several scientific papers which indicate the necessity of clarifying the differences between both terms. Although some representations about the relationship mass-energy are considered inappropriate, they are the most common in textbooks for high-school students. This is in disagreement with the trend of publishing textbooks intended for university courses. We then search for arguments to strengthen the discussion about these representations, and we analyze 14 textbooks accepted by the Physics PNLD 2015 that present the special relativity theory (SRT) and the relativistic concept of mass.


A layer of silver nanoplates, specifically synthesized with the desired localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) features, was grafted on amino-functionalized bulk glass surfaces to impart a double antibacterial action: (i) the well-known, long-term antibacterial effect based on the release of Ag+; (ii) an "on demand" action which can be switched on by the use of photo-thermal properties of silver nano-objects. Irradiation of these samples with a laser having a wavelength falling into the so called "therapeutic window" of the near infrared region allows the reinforcement, in the timescale of minutes, of the classical antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles. We demonstrate how using the two actions allows for almost complete elimination of the population of two bacterial strains of representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.


In nuclear facilities in Germany a systematic treatment of all sealing connections which are opened during the annual shutdowns is performed since several years. Special attention is paid to a design which meets specifications of the bolted flange connections (BFC's). Apart from the use of suitable and certified materials this includes also the calculation of the required torques in accordance to the present rules. For the calculation procedure the nuclear code KTA 3211.2 (draft 2003) is applied which allows a tightness proof of the BFC, besides a stress analysis. For this calculation, experimentally achieved gasket characteristics according to DIN 28090-1 are required, which are either supplied by the gasket manufacturers or determined in the amtec test laboratory. The geometry and material data of each BFC are stored in a special data base. In addition, the data of the operating state as well as the design and test loading cases are included in the data base, so that all inputs for a later calculation are available. The results of the calculation which must be checked and approved by an expert third-party are stored in the flange data base, too (assembly state settings of each flange connection). On this base individual flange data sheets can be provided to the flange fitter teams that include all necessary information for assembly of each BFC (bolts, nuts, gasket, geometry and material specifications, lubricant, etc.).Copyright © 2008 by ASME


In methane-hydrogen and methane-helium systems, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used to diagnose the active species emission in the low-pressure methane plasma by spiral wave discharge. In experiments the main species as H (H(subscript α), H(subscript β), H(subscript γ)) and CH have been identified in the two systems. In CH4/He system, the intensities of these active species first increased and then decreased with the increase of the input RF power, and as the gas pressure increased, the intensity of the CH radical decreased, the intensities of H(subscript α), H(subscript β), and H(subscript γ) species initially increased and then decreased. In CH4/H2 system, the relative intensities of H(subscript α), H(subscript β), H(subscript γ) and CH radicals increased with the increase of the input RF power, and the relative intensities of all these radicals initially increased and then decreased with the increase of the discharge pressure.


In order to optimize the screw-press extraction conditions of oil from goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) seeds obtained from nectar processing waste, a face centered design was applied. The oil was extracted at different temperatures (60, 80, and 100°C) and seed moisture contents (8, 10, and 12%). Oil recovery (OR) increased and residual oil in the cake decreased significantly as moisture content and temperature were reduced; oil moisture and volatile matter as well as acid value, K232, K268, and p-anisidine, respectively, decreased proportionally with the moisture extraction. Thus, the highest OR (86.4%) and the best quality were obtained at 8% moisture content and 60°C pressing temperature. Under these conditions, the extracted oil presented high linoleic acid (76.0%), iodine value (140.0 mg I2/g), and refractive index (1.4769). The oil stability index, measured by Rancimat, varied from 3.65 h (120°C) to 14.87 h (100°C); the predicted shelf life at 25°C was 120.4 days and the activation energy was 85.6 kJ/mol. The results highlighted that screw-pressing of goldenberry seeds provides quality oil without employing polluting and hazardous solvents.


Aim To study effect of resveratrol (Res) on inhibiting SGC-7901 cell proliferatrion.Methods MTT method was used to test the inhibition rates of Res in SGC-7901 tumor cells;FCM was used to detect the influence of Res on tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle;fluorescence microscope was used to identify the tumor cell apoptosis in the morphology.Results Res inhibited SGC-7901 cell proliferatrion in a dose-dependent manner. Its IC50was 164.69 μmol·L-1.When the concentration of Res was 44,88 and 176 μmol·L-1,the rates of proliferatrion were 29.693%,33.986% and 85.634%.G1 term is gradually diminished,and S term gradually increased.G2/M term gradually reduced.According to the morphology,the apoptosis body increased,tumor cell's caryoplasm reduced and tumor cell karyopyknosis,the extent of the colour deepened with the concentration of the Res.Conclusion Res can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce tumor cell apoptosis.


Abstract We demonstrate, and review the very small, but growing body of literature regarding a recently discovered application of layered compounds, which involves the ability of layered materials to sequester and later release molecules of chemical and biological significance. The application relies upon intercalation chemistry; a reversible process whereby atoms, molecules, macromolecules, and polymers may be inserted into the interstices of a layered matrix. We demonstrate that layered materials are able to effectively getter water‐soluble atoms and molecules from aqueous dispersions, and further demonstrate that the absorbed molecules can be later released from the interlayer region to perform a desired chemical function. Work in our laboratory involving the application of layered hybrid materials in photographic media is described in detail and we establish two general release mechanisms whereby intercalated functional chemistry can be first sequestrated and later delivered via a chemical switch to perform a desired function. The process has enormous potential as a general method for the controlled, temporal release of materials of chemical and biological significance.


Through simulations and field experiment on A.C. parallel operation of both Utility Interactive Photovoltaic System and Diesel Engine Revolving Field Type Synchronous Generator, following factors have been found. First, the inverter should be operated in three modes of frequency(mode.1: ±0.3 ㎐ mode.2: ±l ㎐ mode.3: ±2 ㎐ as default, considering properties of operating Synchronous Generator. Second, as a result of supplying 13.5 ㎾ of residual power, it has been found that Synchronous Generator takes the power input only as reactive power, because it was electrically stable with frequency of 60.14㎐ and high voltage of 222.3V even when power factor was -0.94. Besides, it was mechanically stable, too, because the quake, noise, and temperature of Synchronous Generator in this case were 7.5 ㎜/s, 97 ㏈ and 6 ℃ respectively, which were lower than normal load connection of 145.6 ㎾ 11.03 ㎜/s. Thus, load share of Revolving Field Type Synchronous Generator reduces according to the supply of Photovoltaic System to the load power. In this experiment, 200㎾ of Synchronous Generator and 40 ㎾ of Photovoltaic System were operated in parallel. The load share was 20% in maximum, and 11.1lit/hr of fuel was saved.


Geological mapping of the Yelwa area revealed that the area is composed of sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The sedimentary rocks are categorized into Bima, Yolde and Dukul Formations whereas the volcanic rocks consist of basalt and phonolite. The limestone unit of the Dukul Formation host recrystallized calcite at six different locations. Geochemically the limestone is enriched in lime (CaO) 47.78 wt% with depletion in all other oxides such as silica (Si2O) 8.02 wt%, alumina (Al2O3) 2.64, total iron (Fe2O3) 2.66 wt%, magnesia (MgO) 0.72 wt%, soda (Na2O) and potash (K2O) 0.26 wt%. The high lime (CaO) content coupled with low magnesia (MgO) content indicate that the rock is limestone with no dolostone and can be utilized for the production of Portland cement. The phonolites have average values of silica 58.65 wt%, alumina 19.91 wt%, total iron 3.36 wt%, soda 6.76 wt% and potash 5.46 wt% suggesting intermediate rock on account of silica saturation. The plots of major and trace elements strongly indicate that the rocks are phonolitic and have originated from a calc-alkaline magma. This study showed that the limestone from the Yelwa area of Muri-Lau sub-Basin in Northern Benue Trough can be used for the production of Portland cement


The flapping motion in a two-dimensional turbulent jet is analyzed statistically. The analysis is done by applying a continuous wavelet transform with Gabor mother wavelet to the experimental result of hot-wire anemometer. The analysis results show that the flapping motion is clearly recognized by the present new method. The flapping motion occurs at random, and the average time interval of flapping motion is about 6.1 times the flapping periods (0.24 sec). The average duration time of the flapping motion is about 1.7 times the flapping period (0.07 sec) and the one that continues over 3.0 times the flapping period is very few. The negative value of the two-point spatial velocity correlation substantially depends on whether the flapping motion arises or not. From these results, it is found that the flapping motion in a two-dimensional turbulent jet has a very important role to the properties of the jet though the flapping motion is a rare phenomenon.


INTRODUCTION McKenzie Wark was the first to note the peculiar relevance of Perec to the emerging discipline of Game Studies (2008, 116). In particular, he has suggested that the novel W, or the memory of childhood (1988), is of particular significance for scholars of digital games (Wark 2012, 91). This paper argues that in the ludic narratives of both W, or the Memory of a Childhood and his later novel Life A User's Manual (2008), Perec adopts a position towards play that offers scope for questioning the dominant computational logic of our era. For Game Studies this issue manifests itself in the contentious role that digitally coded algorithms have in shaping player agency.


Airlines and airports maneuver for a piece of the burgeoning China freight market in this article. The author looks at Chinese economic growth and the corresponding growth in air freight, then examines major airlines doing business with the country. Various companies plans for increased market penetration are detailed, focusing on aircraft purchases and new facilities. The author also discusses the perceived effect of the China-US agreement signed in 2004 that will alter the air freight market in the region. Regional growth is also addressed, from new facilities in neighboring countries, to new aircraft serving them.


Sufism – especially tarekat in Indonesia – in its long story has experienced dynamic development. At the early stage of its development, Sufism aimed to lead people to individual piety, to approach the only God, as a response and critique of the widespread deviation based on social-politic conditions committed by the authorities. Then it develops to become a social-political force and supporter of economic force to oppose tyrannical authorities. So Sufism (or tarekat) as if it became a popular religion which continuously develops in the community. In this case, sufism is then not regarded as static and conservative teaching system and religious practice. But it has the dynamic role in developing the world, included in Indonesia.


This article argues that core curriculum history surveys should promote critical reading and thinking skills, a basic knowledge of history, and a sense of self-awareness. Self-awareness is suggested as an alternative to attempts to promote student civic character by such means as service education. It also outlines the interconnection of teaching and researching history and how a core curriculum course's structure and teaching approach should be rooted in the nature of its discipline rather than standardized teaching methodologies.


Taking advantage of the reactivity between reducing glycans and hydrazides, a facile and general approach is demonstrated to conjugate glycan epitopes to polyamidoamine (PAMAM) based dendrimers. Using HepG2 cells, it is shown that parallel studies of different glycodendrimers allowed comparison and identification of multivalent conjugates with specific cell-binding capabilities.


ABSTRACT Purpose To compare clinical manifestations and disease outcomes in Epidemic Retinitis (ER) with positive or negative Weil Felix Test (WFT). Methods Retrospective, observational, comparative study. WFT positive or negative patients formed Group 1 and 2, respectively. Patients receiving oral doxycycline monotherapy formed subgroup A and B. Duration of resolution of macular edema and retinitis was compared. Results Novel finding of "ring retinitis" was observed equally in group 1 and 2. Complete resolution of macular edema took 41.3 days (range: 30–60 days) and 43.68 days (range: 20–105 days) (p = .668) and retinitis lesions resolved in 34.3 days (range: 14–65 days) and 34 days (range: 12–60 days) (p = .875) in group A and B, respectively. All (n = 14) eyes with retinitis within 1 disc diameter of fovea improved better than 20/80 except 1. Conclusion No significant difference with respect to clinical, imaging findings and the treatment outcome was observed in WFT positive or negative cases.


We investigate the distortion effects of the deuteron during the 28 Si(d, d) 28 Si scattering and 28 Si(d, p) 29 Si reaction. The calculated results show that the deuteron shrinks as often pointed out and the binding energy decrease rapidly in the inner part of the target nucleus. The distortion effects of the incident deuteron appear clearly in the elastic scattering and reaction.


In near-lossless image coding, each reconstructed pixel of the decoded image differs from the corresponding one in the original image by not more than a pre-specified value. Such schemes are mainly based on predictive coding techniques, which are not capable of scalable decoding. Lossless image coding with scalable decoding is mainly based on integer wavelet transforms. In this paper, methods to modify integer wavelet transforms for near-lossless image coding with scalable decoding features are presented. This is achieved by incorporating the near-lossless quantisation process, driven by the pre-specified value, into lifting steps (online quantisation). Two online quantisation techniques based on 1-D and 2-D transforms are presented. They outperform the pre-quantisation based near-lossless image coding method in both bit rate and rms error performances. Further, they result in both subjectively and objectively superior performance in spatial and bit rate scalable decoding. The 2-D online scheme results in comparable performance with JPEG-LS, which is not capable of scalable decoding. It is evident from this research that with these novel schemes, scalable decoding features can be integrated into near-lossless coding with only a small increase in bit rate compared to those achieved in JPEG-LS.


Purpose – To explore whether ward management is an aspiration for junior nurses and midwives in the National Health Service in Scotland (NHSS) in the context of service redesign that is expanding career options in clinical practice.Design/methodology/approach – The findings are drawn from research conducted in a large acute NHSS Trust. The fieldwork involved face‐to‐face interviews with 64 nurses and midwives and 1,084 survey returns (29 per cent response rate). Logistic regression was used to predict the characteristics of those who wanted to move into their line manager's role.Findings – Moving into their line manager's job was a career aspiration for only 10 per cent of nurses and midwives and current managers reported there were already difficulties recruiting to senior posts. Those who wanted vertical progression preferred the clinical specialist/advanced practitioner route. By comparison, the ward manager (charge nurse) role was perceived to be very unattractive because of: too little patient contac...


PURPOSE:To improve the assembly workability and permit the smooth opening/ closing operation by carrying out the cover opening operation without operating an operating lever and forming the simple constitution, in an opening/closing device in which the cover of a console box can be opened and closed in the lateral direction by a hinge. CONSTITUTION:A rotary body 3 is installed in turnable manner in slip off preventing state, an two opposed sides of an installation body 1, and a joint element 4 installed on an opening/closing member 2 such as cover is set on the corresponding rotary body 3, and both are connected in demountable manner by a magnetic force, ball stopper, etc., and the joint element 4 is separated from the rotary body 3 on one side by only pulling up one side of the opening/ closing member 2, and the cover can be opened and closed by using the rotary body 3 and the joint element 4 as the connected integral body on the other side, as hinge.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To evaluate a skin surface condition including a scalp through a simpler device. SOLUTION: A skin condition measuring apparatus 1A includes: a push element 10 which pushes a skin surface S directly; a lighting means 30 of lighting up a pushed region on the skin surface S so that a dark area of shade of a depression of the skin surface S may be formed by pushing; and imaging means 20 of photographing the pushed region. A tip portion of the push element has a diameter of 10 mm or less. Preferably, the lighting means 30 should be provided outside the formation area of the depression of the skin surface S and close to the depression. COPYRIGHT: (C)2013,JPO&INPIT


Recently, we showed that monochloramine (NH2Cl) has a significantly stronger bactericidal and fungicidal activity than chloramine T despite its lower oxidizing power. This phenomenon was explained by increased penetration because of the higher lipophilicity and smaller bulk of NH2Cl. As iodine (I2) has an even fivefold higher bulk than NH2Cl, a comparison of both compounds regarding their microbicidal activity became the aim of this study. Aqueous solutions of I2 at a concentration of 10·7 μmol l−1 killed 106 colony forming units per millilitre (CFU ml−1) of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the detection limit of 102 CFU ml−1 within 1 min at 20°C and pH 7·1, while a concentration of 36–355 μmol l−1 of NH2Cl was needed to achieve the same effect. Aspergillus fumigatus was inactivated within 5 min by 36 μmol l−1 I2 and by 355 μmol l−1 NH2Cl, Candida albicans within 1 min by 10·7 μmol l−1 I2 and by 355 μmol l−1 NH2Cl. The lipophilicity of I2, determined with the octanol/water method, was three powers of 10 higher than that of NH2Cl. The at least 10‐fold stronger microbicidal activity of iodine suggests that the hindrance of penetration of the bulky molecule is outweighed by enhanced lipophilicity.


The studies carried out, in this laboratory have shown that immuairy to cancer, whether natural or induced, is attended by lymphoid stimulation. 1 X-rays have been employed to secure the stimulative effect on the lymphoid elements; * when of sufficient amount, they have been found to increase 3 the resistance of mice to cancer transplants 4 made at the height of the reaction. On the other hand, if the cancer inoculation is made immediately after the x-ray treatment, no unusual degree of resistance is exhibited. 6 Hence it would appear that the early inoculation of cancer must have in some way interfered with the development of the defensive mechanism. The present study has been planned to elucidate this point.


During the last two decades, Jīn Xuĕfēi, who goes under the pen–name of Ha Jin, has emerged as one of the most prominent Asian–American writers in America, with works in fiction, poetry and essays dealing with the Chinese experience in China and the U.S. Born in 1956 in the Chinese province of Liaoning, Ha Jin's life has been strongly marked by political and sociological events occurring in contemporary China. His father was an officer in the Red Army who was transferred around various provinces for years. This continuous change of residence gave young Jin the opportunity to discover remote regions, meet people and get acquainted with Chinese traditions and customs. Ha Jin was ten years old when Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution, which aimed at removing capitalism and Chinese traditions by way of the strict implementation of communism. Colleges were closed for ten years and many young people became Red Guards, an armed revolutionary youth organization aiming to eradicate the 'four Olds' – Old Customs, Old Culture, Old Habits and Old Ideas – which were described as anti– proletarian. At the age of thirteen, Ha Jin joined the People's Liberation Army as a way of leaving home as he declared in different interviews (Gardner 2000; Weinberger, 2007; Fay 2009). While in the army, he worked as a telegrapher, a post which allowed him some free time to read literature and educate himself. He left the army in 1975 and worked for three years in a railway company. In 1977 colleges reopened in China and, a year later, Ha Jin began his studies at Heilongjiang University where he earned a B.A. in English in 1981. He then decided to pursue his studies in Anglo–American literature at Shandong University, where he received his M.A. in 1984. A year later, he won a scholarship to study American literature at Brandeis University, from which he earned a Ph.D. in English in 1993. While he was at Brandeis, Jin saw on television the Tiananmen Square massacre, an incident which split his life in two: along with his wife, he decided to remain in the U.S. as a refugee. This political incident made him realize he could never go back to China and teach in a state–controlled educational system. After a series of odd jobs, Ha Jin was offered a teaching position at Emory University. Later on, he moved to Boston University where he currently teaches literature and creative writing.


A portable golf GPS device comprising a microprocessor operably coupled to a GPS unit, an input device such as a keypad (or touch screen) operably coupled to the microprocessor, and a display such as a liquid crystal display (''LCD'') operably coupled to the microprocessor. A program memory system which contains at least some of the software and data to operate the device is also operably coupled to the microprocessor. The portable golf GPS device is preferably contained in a housing such that the entire device has a very compact and lightweight form factor, and is preferably handheld and/or pocket size. The golf GPS device is configured to display distances to course features overlaid onto photographic satellite/aerial images of a golf course.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of chronic exposure to sodium arsenite at a dose of 1. 0 μmol / L on proliferation of human bronchial epithelial cells( HBE) and human keratinocytes( HaCaT) and discuss the mechanism of arsenic carcinogenesis.

METHODS
Malignant transformation model of HBE and HaCaT cells cultured in vitro were used in this study. MTT assay was used to detect the capacity of proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle. The expression of cell cycle related protein like cyclin E, cyclin D1 and cyclin A protein were inspected by Western blot.

RESULTS
The treated cells, including passage 36 and 43 of HBE cells and passage 28 and 35 of HaCaT cells grow faster than the control group( P < 0. 01 and P < 0. 05). The treated cells in the G1 phase were decreased( P < 0. 05), however cells in the S phase were increased( P <0. 05). In addition, the expression of cyclin E displayed a trend of up-regulation( P <0. 05), and it was maintained at a high level in advanced period.

CONCLUSION
By increasing the expression of cyclin E in HBE and HaCaT cells, low dose of sodium arsenite made cells escaping from the G1 phase to S phase, accelerating cell cycle progression and proliferation, a way that may lead to malignant transformation.


PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for generating and certifying originality verification are provided to certify an apparatus generating originality verification by using distributed originality verification. CONSTITUTION: A main information generating unit(210) generates main information included in originality verification by using the generator information of an originality verification generation apparatus. One or more secondary information generating units(220,230) generate secondary information included in the originality verification by using a generated random number. A parameter collecting unit(250) collects a random number used for generating the random number. A combining unit(260) generates the originality verification including the main information, one or more secondary information, and a parameter. The generator information includes at least one of the identifying information, the address information, the service information, and the fairing history information of an originality verification generating apparatus.


To be a practicing engineer in Canada, a license is required from a provincial or territorial association within the national organization of Engineers Canada/Ingénieurs Canada.1 The gateway to engineering for early-career Canadians is through four-year accredited programs at universities.


Non-stationary time series analysis is important in the study of complex systems. Finding mathematical models for such complex systems with transitions between different phases is an ill-posed problem. This paper brings the problem of time series analysis into the context of hybrid modeling. Approximating the hybrid system by a switched linear system, the problem is reduced to identifying the switching times and model parameters. To address this problem, the non-stationary time series clustering technique based on Finite Elements is used for modeling of switched linear systems. The advantage of this method is that it is not necessary to add restrictive statistical assumptions on system variables. Illustrative examples have been provided to verify the proposed algorithm.


This article sets out to chart, in a brief and therefore relatively condensed form, the development of the EISSWA Research Project since its inception in February 1977, and to outline its current position at the half‐way stage in the programme. In the course of the article, some attempt is made to describe the 'action research' philosophy and method underpinning the project, these being in important respects different from the strategy generally adopted by more traditional research programmes. It is assumed that the article's principal audience will be those already working or researching in the field of social welfare information but it is hoped that the following comments will also be relevant to, and perhaps strike a familiar chord with, practising social workers and probation officers.


This paper describes an exact algorithm for the optimal cyclic scheduling in a robotic cell with flexible processing times and a material handling robot. The problem is formulated with the prohibited intervals of the cycle time based on the capacity constraints of the machines and the robot. After the analysis of the developed mathematic model, the problem is transformed to enumerate the non-prohibited intervals for the cycle time. An efficient branch and bound algorithm is proposed to complete this enumeration procedure. Computational results on randomly generated test instances indicate that the algorithm is effective.


Time-resolved measurements of electro-optical response and Fourier-transform infrared absorption have been employed to study the submolecular motion of a surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) mixture during a field-induced reorientation process. All observed submolecular groups were found to rotate in unison about the layer normal in a steady d.c. field. In a transient situation, the FLC director can respond rapidly to a pulsed driving field. However, the orientation distribution was found to spread at first and then slowly converge to the new direction of the FLC director. When the field is switched off, all the core groups relax to a steady-state direction with varying relaxation times. The results reveal that submolecular fragments of different molecular species in the FLC mixture move correlatively in a steady d.c. field and during a field-induced reorientation process.


The location of logistics distribution center contains various types of grey information, which can help improve usefulness of the logistics location. In this paper, grey demand and grey production capacity in logistics chain have been discussed, and a optimization model of location with grey demand and grey production capacity is propossed. The model is NP-hard, then a hybrid particle swarm optimization based on grey chance-constrained programming is proposed for it. The example results show that the model and the algorithm can solve the problem of location of logistics distribution center with grey demand and grey production capacity.