In 2008 and 2009 a coalition of faculty, anchored by Women's Studies, challenged a proposal to bring United States Army Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) courses onto our urban public university campus. This proposal, initially approved by the faculty governance advisory committee on academic affairs, was ultimately voted down by the same committee after months of work by our coalition to educate members about the larger implications of permitting the military into our institution and curriculum. However, the provost, our university's chief academic officer, overturned this recommendation, and permitted the ROTC to offer courses for university credit at off-campus locations. This article is our attempt to analyze how the issues that emerged in our local site reflect broader struggles in our highly militarized society. Our aim is to cultivate others' imaginative pathways and serve as an analytical roadmap for feminist educators and activists and share strategies in campaigns for peace and justice. We challenged the attempt to introduce a military program on our campus because we perceived that taking a stand against the militarization of our lives at our local site was a logical extension of our feminist and anti-racist commitment to educating for peace. Our program has a strong focus on intersectionality, with particular emphases on contexts of violence against women and feminist activism. Our collective approach to analyzing social phenomena with an eye toward intersections led us to see U.S. militarism, our permanent national war economy, and the militarization of our culture, including education, as structural relationships of power of the sort that we teach our students to critique and resist. Militarization is connected to violence against women, racism, class inequality, and U.S. aggression toward many people in the rest of the world. Furthermore, our working class, racially and ethnically diverse students are already among some of the most heavily recruited in the nation (Quinn and Meiners 2009, 19; National Priorities Project 2006). Through our work resisting this program, we educated ourselves about the persistent linkages between education and the military, recent changes in policies regarding the militarization of higher The Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, 35:103–126, 2013 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1071-4413 print=1556-3022 online DOI: 10.1080/10714413.2013.778668


This book provides readers with information to better understand eating disorders, written in accessible language for teens and young adults—those most at risk for these potentially deadly mental disorders. Eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, are some of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders. They are also the deadliest: in the United States, an individual dies as the result of an eating disorder every hour. What You Need to Know about Eating Disorders is a part of Greenwood's Inside Diseases and Disorders series. This series profiles a variety of physical and psychological conditions, distilling and consolidating vast collections of scientific knowledge into concise, readable volumes. A list of "top 10" essential questions begins each book, providing quick-access answers to readers' most pressing concerns. The text follows a standardized, easy-to-navigate structure, with each chapter exploring a particular facet of the topic. In addition to covering basics such as causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options, books in this series delve into issues that are less commonly addressed but still critically important, such as effects on loved ones and caregivers. Case illustrations highlight key themes discussed in the book, accompanied by insightful analyses and recommendations.


A special collection for middle school social studies students and educators to support the understanding of Westward Expansion. This section contains art prints and other supplies related to Westward Expansion.


Gamma-oryzano l (Y-OZ) is a ferulic acid ester of triterpene alcohol and was firstly identified in rice oil by Tsuchiya and Kaneko (1953). The structure of this drug is shown in Fig. 1. This agent has been clinically applied to the patient s with climacteri c disorder s {Miyake Sezaki and Hirabayashi 1963). However , neither the site or mode of action in the endocrinologica l environment is clear. In the study here, the effect of 7-OZ on pituitary LH secretion and LH respons e to LHRH was examined in ovariectomized femal e rats.


Using single transponder ranging (STR) information to aid positioning satisfies the needs of frogman autonomous positioning in waters emergency rescue, where miniaturized and low-cost devices are preferred. On this basis, a frogman self-navigation method based on virtual transponder array (VTA) and dead reckoning (DR) is proposed in this article, to solve the problem that calculation results of DR still accumulate with time when STR information is taken as the external measurement. In the proposed method, firstly, by constructing the VTA with depth information constraint, frogman autonomous positioning under the condition of single transponder configuration is realized. Then, to combine the characteristics that DR positioning data is smooth and short-term stable, and that VTA positioning error is not cumulative, the DR navigation system is used to describe frogman's motion law, the frogman positioning coordinates that calculated by VTA are taken as external measurement and the Kalman filter is designed, which solves the problem of DR accumulated errors. Compared to traditional STR-DR method, the proposed VTA-DR method further improves the accuracy and stability of frogman navigation and positioning. Finally, based on the high-precision three-dimensional motion capture system, the semi-physical simulation experimental environment is built to verify the proposed method. The experimental results under different tracks indicate that the average total location error of VTA-DR method is 0.149m, which is reduced by 53.5% compared with STR-DR method. The proposed VTA-DR method can better suppress the accumulation of positioning errors and has better positioning accuracy and robustness.


The application and development of groupⅣnon-metallocene catalysts for olefin coordination polymerization are reviewed.The catalysts are mainly classified into four categrories according to properies of the coordination atoms such as O,N,B,C,and discussed indetail respectively.At the same time,the characteristics of the all types of catalysts and several polyolefin company's research progress are described in detail.Finally the current progress and future development trend of the groupⅣnonmetallocene catalysts are forcasted.


The invention relates to a fire and smoke barrier, especially for transportation, such as rail vehicles, to protect people and to minimize damage when an event occurs that is at least fire-resistant materials essentially of. In this case, it is ausbebildet as flexible bulkhead and is secured in the immediate vicinity of the circumference or periphery of the opening to be closed, wherein the bulkhead in the initial position within a receiving space and the opening releasing positioned and adapted be brought into the opening in the event of an incident, and this at least almost completely occlusive is arranged.


Easter is one of the biggest festivals in the Christian calendar. It commemorates Jesus giving his life for the world and his subsequent rising for the dead. It always takes place on the fi rst full moon on or after March 21, which means it falls on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25.


This chapter reviews the experimental results, obtained by the authors, on the disorder accumulation, disorder recovery, and behavior of implants in ion-irradiated 6H silicon carbide (6H-SiC) single crystals. The disorder on both the Si and C sublattices has been studied using a combination of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and nuclear reaction analysis in channeling geometry. Damage states have been analyzed based on multiaxial channeling along different orientations. The surface morphologies and damage states have been examined using electron microscopy. Damage accumulation has been investigated as a function of ion fluence, irradiation temperature, ion species, and dose rate. The results of both isochronal and isothermal annealing, as well as dynamic recovery induced by energetic ion beams are summarized. In addition, the behavior of noble-metal implants and gas species in SiC are discussed.


Physiology Understanding (PhUn) Week is the annual APS member‐based outreach program that fosters partnerships between physiologists and K‐12 teachers. PhUn Week seeks to increase student awareness of physiology in their lives and to introduce them to physiology as a possible career. The successful development of the program models how formative evaluation is instrumental. Pilot tests in 2005 concentrated on select APS members and teachers committed to the new initiative. The program was moderately expanded in 2006 by doubling the targeted numbers of participants. Formative assessment in this phase helped design a program website (www.PhUnWeek.org) with downloadable resources, including event planner forms, instructional materials, and career presentations. Planning partners and their teams adapt the models of outreach and develop innovative activities. After pilot testing for feasibility, the program was nationally launched in 2007. More than 3,000 students, 72 teachers, and 100 APS members participated in 32 events across 24 states and Puerto Rico. The program website has facilitated the processes for coordinating a PhUn Week event. The early years of the program have seeded a base of volunteers that continues to build momentum for the participation of other physiologists and teachers. The APS sponsors and funds the outreach program since conception with additional support from ADInstruments.


Magnetic flux leakage testing is widely used to examine ferromagnetic materials. Considering the importance of estimating the size of surface crack in metals, which is used in nuclear power, railway and piping industries, a method based on particle swarm optimisation algorithm is proposed in this article. This approach maps the size of crack to the location of particles. After initialising the locations and velocities of the particle population, it evaluates the fitness value of the individual particle and tracks the optimal one. It then updates the positions and velocities of particles with the previous fitness values and repeats these steps until the best possible result is obtained. The fitness value is obtained by summing the absolute measurement error of the magnetic leakage field intensity of the crack. The results of simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


This paper discusses the implementation of cladding oxidation model and updates in the coolant model in FINIX fuel behaviour module. These topics have been the focus point of the writing authors Master's thesis in spring 2019.


To investigate the antimicrobial activity of lantana camara Linn.on NDM 1strain by using in- vitro method. The antimicrobial effect of leaf extract of lantana camara Linn (LELC) alone and with Gentamicin ,Ceftrioxone were evaluated by using in vitro methods namely disc diffusion and agar dilution method. Well characterized and laboratory stocked strains of Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and well characterized NDM-1 strain of Klebsiella pneumonia were used for the evaluation. The antimicrobial activity of LELC by zone of inhibition against NDM1 Strain (1.4mm), E.Coli (3.6mm ),S.aureus (4.2 mm). The additive inhibitory effect of the LELC and gentamicin against E.coli (5.6 mm), LELC and ceftrioxone against S.aureus (5.8 mm). Significant inhibitory effect was established with LELC with gentamicin against NDM1 strain with zone of inhibition (2.3 mm). By agar dilution method the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of LELC against E.Coli (500mcg), S.aureus (500mcg), but when we combine LELC and gentamicin (500mcg+100mcg) it showed inhibition of NDM1 growth. The LELC showed antibacterial effect against NDM1 producing bacteria in addition to gram negative bacteria. Hence LELC has the potential for the development of


This special issue is a selected collection of papers submitted to the First International Conference on Signals, Machines and Automation (SIGMA-2018), February 23–25, 2018, New Delhi, India. These papers have been reviewed and accepted for presentation at the conference and for publication in the Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems (JIFS). In this special issue there are 49 papers covering a wide range of topics in the area of intelligent systems and their application in various domains. The International Conference SIGMA-2018 aims to provide a common platform to the researchers in related fields to explore and discuss various aspects of artificial intelligence applications and advances in soft computing techniques. The Conference will provide excellent opportunities for the presentation of interesting new research results and discussion about them, leading to knowledge transfer and the generation of new ideas. Among the 49 papers in this special issue, there are twelve papers addressing the applications of intelligent tools and techniques in the operation and control of power systems. In [1], the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is used for mitigating contingencies by means of reconfiguration in an electrical distribution network. The results are validated on the IEEE 30-bus system and show that the algorithm is able to better reduce real power losses


The magnetoreflection spectrum of antimony has been measured for circularly polarized radiation. The lowest energy peak for the 0.149 eV gap is observed to split into four components, two for each polarization. These show considerable deviations from the Cohen-Lax two-band model, and values of mc=0.240 m0, gc=99 for the conduction band, and mv=0.0164 m0, gv=76 for the valence band, have been inferred from a generalization of the Maltz selection rules.


This study was tried for understanding destination space`s reconstitution of Nami Island using surrealism, and based on the assumptions that Nami Island`s regeneration is achieved through space reconstitution to stimulate the lost desire in modern society. According to the study result, Mani Island reborn as an illusory object in itself and is filled with various objects to provides a visual pleasure. Objets in Nami Island stimulate the visitor`s imagination and sensibility. Visitors accept these aura experience with nature and artificial things by walking around Nami island and distractional acception. Nami island`s objects are made of a ordinary artificial and natural materials and provide the pleasure of imagination and spiel through the eyes of a young child, not adult. Nami island has created various type`s promenade and object to facilitate this experiences. So tourist`s aura experience with object and nature is achieved through walking or wandering one of the nomadism which promote the lost desire in modern society


To regulate the technology practice,it's necessary to pay more attention to the using of technology innovation instructed by the science spirit. Develop the ability of the main body of technology innovation, strengthen the technology, innovation's macro-surroundings. To form the fair and high qualified technology, innovation system.


A 43-year-old impotent male Caucasian had a chromosomal constitution of 46,XY,17ps+. The satellited chromosome 17 was also present in his sister. There is no suggestive evidence that this satellited chromosome causes any clinical abnormality. Based on multiple banding techniques, it is concluded that the 17ps+ is a rare chromosomal heteromorphism.


Aims:  To investigate the prognostic significance of chromosomal alterations in colorectal cancer patients. Histopathological tumour classification is still considered to be the gold standard for the characterization of solid tumours. However, it is well known that such established parameters do not satisfactorily predict the clinical outcome in individual cases. Markers that reliably predict survival are needed. These markers should guide the clinical treatment of neoplastic disease.


Anyone with the knowledge of Islamic culture knows that Islam has produced works of art and incredible architecture - Persian miniatures, the Taj Mahal, mosque, music etc. However, only a few people realize that this rich artistic heritage is rooted in a world view that underlines love and beauty. The relationship between love and beauty is quite clear. We love what we find beautiful. This article offers the meaning of beauty in Islam from the perspective of spirituality as seen in the Quran, Calligraphy, Arabesque, music, mosque, Mihrab, The Alchemy of Light, and finally the concrete expression of this beauty in the life of the human soul. The Prophet said, "God is beautiful and loves beauty." In understanding the beauty and love in Tawhid, the Oneness of God – "There is no god but Allah," the hope is that this paper will enable one to know the All Beautiful One - God in various manifestations. If God is beautiful, then nothing is truly beautiful but God. And if God is loving, then nothing really loves besides Allah.


. Different measures of species abundance, particularly cover and biomass, are often used as if they were interchangeable. We ask to what extent the measure of abundance affects conclusions reached in plant community ecology. The test data comprised 35 plots, each 1 m × 1 m, on serpentine vegetation in Tuscany, Italy, in which both cover and biomass were measured. The measure of abundance used made rather little difference when plots were examined in terms of the rank abundance of the species present, and little difference to the results of a DCA-ordination. Likewise, species showed similar variation across plots in cover as in biomass. In calculating species diversity, agreement between measures of abundance was lower, but still good. For evenness, the correlation between cover and biomass results was lower again, though more so with some indices than with others. For the shape of the RAD (Relative Abundance Distribution), cover and biomass gave quite different results, the Zipf-Mandelbrot RAD model most commonly giving the best fit to the cover data, but the General lognormal model to the biomass data. These tendencies can be related to the intrinsic characteristics of cover and biomass as measures of abundance. The parameters of the model fits also differed between abundance measures. We conclude that the importance of using biomass as the measure of abundance depends on the ecological feature being examined. The difference between the two measures may be greater in other vegetation; very little information is available. In the current state of knowledge it is dangerous to use another measure as a surrogate for biomass.


This work covers the analysis of the nonmagnetic-catalyzed plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) of singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The selective growth of SWNTs by the nonmagnetic catalyst using PCVD is realized for the first time. Experimental investigations are presented, which allow to get a comprehensive picture of the nonmagnetic catalytic growth of SWNTs by PCVD. The PCVD growth of SWNTs is performed on an alumina supported Au catalyst using methane as a carbon source. The methodologies to accomplish the controlled growth of SWNTs, i.e., diameter, density, and chirality are investigated. The Au catalyst can afford the SWNTs growth with narrow diameter and chirality distribution with PCVD by carefully adjusting the experimental parameters. Methane PCVD on the Au catalyst under well defined conditions produced predominantly (6,5) SWNTs according to Raman, UV-Vis-NIR absorption, and photoluminescence excitation/emission (PLE) spectroscopic characterizations. The high yield of (6,5) semiconducting SWNTs produced by the structure controlled synthesis described above is promoted us to directly use the as-synthesized SWNTs for constructing nanotube field effect transistors (FETs), which suggests the SWNTs grown from the nonmagnetic catalyst with PCVD display the best device performance in comparison with thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) synthesized and magnetic catalyzed SWNTs based devices. Based on the magnetic measurements with the Au catalyzed SWNTs, we observe that the nonmagnetic catalyzed SWNTs show ferromagnetic features, which suggest that the ferromagnetic features might come from the SWNTs itself. Hence this narrow-chirality distributed Au catalyzed SWNTs selectively grown with PCVD could be attractive to both fundamental studies of intrinsic magnetic properties of SWNTs and industrial applications to nanoelectronics.


ABSTRACT: This article explores respiratory problems in brachycephalic breeds that have brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), focussing on the English Bulldog. Findings from primary research highlight the congenital nature of BOAS in the English Bulldog, and suggest the need for reconstructive surgery early on in life. Postoperatively, the percentage of dogs showing all degrees of improvement is shown to be consistently high. Recent media interest has revealed a number of concerns from breeders, the general public, the Kennel Club and the veterinary profession. Amendments to breed standards are a necessity to prevent continued breeding of dogs with compromised airways.


Objective Three different surgical procedures of the total auricular reconstruction were compared. Methods 30 cases with unilateral macrotia or auricualr defect were included in this group . Total auricular reconstruction were completed with three different methods: superficial temporal fascia flap , expanded auricualr flap and the simple expanded mastoid area flap . Results All the patients had completed total auricular reconstruction.Grafting skin was easier to have pigmentation . Conclusion The simple expanded mastoid area flap for total auricular reconstruction is easier and it is recommended.


The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important food legumes worldwide. According to data published in the Food and Agriculture organization (FAO) in 2014, the world dry bean production was estimated at 26.5 million tons that are produced from a cultivated area of 30.6 million hectares (FAOSTAT 2014). In 2010, out of the total beans produced, Latin America and the Caribbean constituted 24.4%, followed by Africa (17%) (FAOSTAT 2014). The total annual worldwide common bean production is about 12 million. Of which, 8 million tons are from Latin America and Africa. The contribution of Africa is about 2.5 million tons annually that makes the continent second major bean producer http://grainlegumes.cgiar.org/crops/commonbean/. The crop has a major role in household food and nutritional security. In Africa, the common bean can transform traditional subsistence farming to a market-oriented modern sector and makes a substantial contribution to the continent's economy. In eastern and southern Africa, the common bean is the most commonly-grown and consumed-grain legume and a good source of calories and dietary protein (Hillocks et al. 2006; Buruchara et al. 2011). It is cultivated in a broad range of agroecologies and cropping systems, ranging from high potential to marginal and drought prone areas. The diverse bean growing conditions couples with specific preferences for particular bean types, seed colour and shape resulted in wide genetic diversity. In Ethiopia, it is the most widely-grown pulse crop, after the faba bean and an important source of income for many Ethiopian farmers (Asfawet al. 2009). However, the productivity of the crop is below its potential, due to a number of abiotic and biotic stress factors. Most importantly, the bean bruchid (Zabrotes subfasciatus) is the most destructive insect pest, inflicting significant post-harvest losses of stored grain in Ethiopia. Different control options have been used to manage the losses caused by the insect. However, the development of cost-effective, environmentally-safe, sustainable and feasible control measures is the best option to manage bean bruchids in the common bean, particularly for the smallholder farmers. This paper presents a review of literature from a number of related studies and elaborates on the theoretical and practical aspects of the research. The first section provides information about the origin and domestication of the crop. The second section covers the biology, importance and control strategies of the bean bruchid. The third section comprises information about past ABSTRACT


We investigate the properties of a distinguishable single excited state impurity pinned in the center of a trapped Bose–Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional harmonic trapping potential by changing the bare mass of the impurity and its interspecies interaction strength with the Bose–Einstein condensate. We model our system by using two coupled differential equations for the condensate and the single excited-impurity wave function, which we solve numerically. For equilibrium, we find that an excited-impurity induces two bumps or dips on the condensate for the attractive- or repulsive-interspecies coupling strengths, respectively. Afterwards, we show that the excited-impurity induced imprint upon the condensate wave function remains present during a time-of-flight expansion after having switched off the harmonic confinement. We also investigate shock-waves or gray-solitons by switching off the interspecies coupling strength in the presence of harmonic trapping potential. During this process, we found that the generation of gray bi-soliton or gray quad-solitons (four-solitons) depend on the bare mass of the excited-impurity in a harmonic trap.


This paper introduces the design of hardware and software of a communication card for the airborne data bus ARINC429.This card can be used for airborne electronic equipment testing.


Coolmarst fiber is one of moisture wicking textile fiber materials with Y - shape cross section,which has overwhelming advantage of price over the same product abroad and superior features as moisture absorption and fast - dry and good cost performance. Garment processed by use of this fiber is characteristic of breathability,stiffness,elegant and colorful and wearing comfort.The author described the yarn spinning processes and the problems during the production.


Operational application image restoration method with high quality, high efficiency and robustness is presented, for high resolution optical remote sensing satellite. Firstly, images are block segmented according to CCD characteristics, and periodic plus smooth decomposition and dequantization are processed. Then, noise and MTF curves are estimated adaptively using spectrum masking for taking into account the on-orbit dynamical imaging properties. Thirdly, deconvolution filters are optimized in different frequency in order to balance among the blurring, aliasing, noise and ringing effects, based on known noise and MTF's shape and value. Fourthly, adaptive threshold to color noise are treated rapidly utilizing the shift invariance and the direction selectivity of complex wavelet package(CWP) unique features. Fifthly the weak texture regions are reserved. Experiments shows that the method can significantly improve image sharpness, with universality adaption, and has a good operational application prospects.


Objective To investigate the possibility and mechanism by which the human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem celIs(MSCS)are induced to differentiate into neuron in vitro by baicalin,a kind of flavonoid iso- lated from an important medicinal plant Scutellariae Radix.Methods Human umbilical cord blood was collected from full term deliveries scheduled.All samples were obtained sterilely with preservative free heparin.The cord mononuclear cell were isolated by lymphocyte separation medium(density 1.077g/ml),purified and expanded in the liquid culture medium containing baicalin(consistency 50μmol/L).The human umbilical cord blood MSCS expand- ed in vitro for 2 weeks was differentiated.The experiment was conducted in three groups:induction group,control groupⅠ,control groupⅡ.The growth and morphologies of MSCS was observed in the inverted phase contrast mi- croscope after induced 30 minutes.The expression of neuronal or glia specific markers was evaluated by using indi- rect immunofluorescence cytochemisty staining.The percentage of differentiated cells and living cells was measured by Hoechest 33 258 staining assay.Results After induction for 7 days,the induction group's MSCS displayed neu- ronal morphologies,such as pyramidal cell bodies and processes formed extensive network,while the differentiating cells expressed NSE and MAP-2,the specific markers of neuron.The percentage of NSE and MAP-2 expressed on the seventh day after induced by baicalin was 77.2%±9.8% and 76.6%±6.2% respectively,which was signifi- cantly higher compared with control groupⅠand control groupⅡrespectively(P0.01).In addition,the ratio of living cells after induced for 7 days in the induction group was 86.5%±5.2 %,which increased significantly com- pared with control groupⅠand control groupⅡ,respectively(P0.01).Conclusion Baicalin may induce the human umbilical cord blood MSCS to neuron-like cells in vitro in a moderate and stable manner.The mechanism of such an induction may be related with its controlling the activity of NF-kB which regulates the production of many kinds of cytokines,such as brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).


An optimized hardware architecture and method introducing a simple arithmetic processor that allows efficient implementation of an Elliptic Curve Cryptography point addition algorithm for mixed Affine-Jacobian coordinates. The optimized architecture additionally reduces the required storage for intermediate values.


During FY 1999 the Colville Tribes and the Okanogan Irrigation District (OID) agreed to study the feasibility of restoring and enhancing anadromous fish populations in Salmon Creek while maintaining the ability of the district to continue full water service delivery to it members.


We discuss phase transitions in PT-symmetric optical systems. We show that due to frequency dispersion of the dielectric permittivity, an optical system can have PT-symmetry at isolated frequency points only. An assumption of the existence of a PT-symmetric system in a continuous frequency interval violates the causality principle. Therefore, the ideal symmetry-breaking transition cannot be observed by simply varying the frequency.


The corrosion inhibition performance of benzothiazole derivatives namely, 2-phenylbenzothiazole(PBT), 2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)benzothiazole(MPB) and 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)benzothiazole(TPB) on mild steel in 1M H 2 SO 4 has been studied by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with increase in inhibitor concentration but decreases with increasing temperature. The inhibition has been assumed to occur via adsorption of inhibitors on mild steel surface. This is supported by the results obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Adsorption of inhibitors on mild steel surface follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The activation energy and free energy of adsorption for the inhibition reaction support the indicate that the studied benzothiazole derivatives act as mixed inhibitors. Quantum chemical calculations have been performed and quantum chemical indices were calculated to supplement the experimental results.


We study the problem of extending a state on an abelian $C^{\ast }$ -subalgebra to a tracial state on the ambient $C^{\ast }$ -algebra. We propose an approach that is well suited to the case of regular inclusions, in which there is a large supply of normalizers of the subalgebra. Conditional expectations onto the subalgebra give natural extensions of a state to the ambient $C^{\ast }$ -algebra; we prove that these extensions are tracial states if and only if certain invariance properties of both the state and conditional expectations are satisfied. In the example of a groupoid $C^{\ast }$ -algebra, these invariance properties correspond to invariance of associated measures on the unit space under the action of bisections. Using our framework, we are able to completely describe the tracial state space of a Cuntz–Krieger graph algebra. Along the way we introduce certain operations called graph tightenings, which both streamline our description and provide connections to related finiteness questions in graph $C^{\ast }$ -algebras. Our investigation has close connections with the so-called unique state extension property and its variants.


Sera collected from 1, 630 healthy children and adults aged between six months and 55 years during the period 1984 to 1985 were tested for hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunoglobulin G antibody by enzyme immunoassay. The over all antibody prevalence rate was 31.8%. It increased from 0% in children under five years old to 15.5% in adolescents and young adults (15 to 24 years) and reached the highest level of 88.2% in adults over 55 years of age. No statistically significant differences in the overall prevalence by sex and ethnic group were observed. None of the 938 samples tested for HAV immunoglobin M antibody was positive. Compared with the data in 1975, the survey showed that the level of exposure of Singapore children to HAV was declining as the result of vast socio-economic progress made during the past decade.


Organ transplantation (TX) is currently a therapeutic alternative in the management of end-stage or lethal diseases and, in some cases, for improving the quality of life and reducing the complications of chronic conditions. The scarcity of organ grafts or donors due to the limited number of deceased donors or to a lack of compatible living donors is one of the main limitations for the execution of organ TX. In Brazil, there is a great disparity between the number of patients on waiting lists and TX procedures, especially for liver and kidney TX. As a result of this inequality, grafts from donors who are considered marginal or not ideal have been used, including those with higher risk of failure following TX or those with potentially transmissible infections, involving donors with positive serologic markers for the hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Donors who are positive for HBV markers have been routinely used in some TX centers. Four aspects should be considered for the assessment of the risk-benefit ratio of this procedure: 1. donor serologic profile, 2. recipient serologic profile, 3. TX variety and 4. the use of preventive therapy with human-specific HBV immunoglobulin and/or antiviral drugs. To establish recommendations, our group held discussions based on the data available in the medical literature and on the accumulated experience of the TX units at Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo. The definitions of serologic profiles for donors and recipients are described in Tables 1 and and2,2, respectively. The following transplants have been evaluated: liver, kidney, heart, lung, and hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). The IDSA (Infectious Diseases Society of America) rating system was used to assess the quality of evidence for graft acceptance and to identify the appropriate preventive strategy.

Table 1

Definitions of HBV serologic profiles – Donors.

Table 2

Definitions of HBV serologic profiles – Recipients.

1. Liver TX

HBsAg-positive donor: few reports are available, under particular circumstances, and there is a high risk of "de novo" HBV infection.

HBc-Ab-positive donor:

HBsAg-positive recipient: regardless of the donor's serologic profile, this recipient must be administered combined prophylaxis with HBIG and an antiviral drug. The risk of viral reactivation does not seem to be increased by the involvement of an HBc-Ab-positive donor.

Recipients who are positive for HBc-Ab and HBs-Ab: there are no reports of "de novo" HBV infection, with or without prophylaxis.

Recipients with isolated HBc-Ab or a history of vaccination: the risk of "de novo" HBV is reduced in case series that described lamivudine and/or HBIG prophylaxis.

Naive recipient: group at highest risk; case series that described lamivudine and HBIG prophylaxis have demonstrated a reduction in risk.

Kidney TX

The largest case series of donors with positive serologic markers for HBV were published in kidney TX. However, some studies describe only the post-TX clinical course and fail to assess HBV serology.

HBsAg-positive donor: among 48 donors, "de novo" HBV infection has been detected in three recipients with variable pre-TX serologic profiles, while liver enzyme elevation has been detected in nine recipients.

HBc-Ab-positive donor:

HBsAg-positive recipient: when lamivudine is used as preventive therapy, the clinical evolution is similar to that of recipients whose donors have negative HBV serology.

Recipients with isolated HBc-Ab: without any prophylaxis, the seroconversion of HBsAg has been observed in 0.5% of recipients after TX. No reports have described seroconversion under lamivudine prophylaxis.

Vaccinated or Naive recipient: after TX, without any prophylaxis, seroconversion of HBc-Ab occurs in 2% of cases, and seroconversion of HBsAg occurs in less than 0.5% - without any impact on the clinical course. No reports have described seroconversion under lamivudine prophylaxis.

Heart TX

There are two case series on heart TX that report lamivudine prophylaxis in some recipients. Only one case of "de novo" HBV infection is reported in a naive recipient with an HBsAg-positive donor.

Lung TX

In two small case series of HBc-Ab-positive donors, no cases of recipient post-TX seroconversion were described. Among the two case series, one involved lamivudine prophylaxis.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

In HSCT, the most relevant consideration is the risk of reverse seroconversion (loss of HBs-Ab after TX).

HBsAg-positive donor: in a study of HBsAg-negative recipients with a historical control group, the risk of "de novo" HBV was significantly reduced with lamivudine prophylaxis.

HBc-Ab-positive donor: when the bone marrow donor is naturally immunized (HBc-Ab and HBs-Ab positive), there is an unmistakable reduction in the risk of reverse seroconversion.


The rapid growth of the solar industry over the past several years has expanded the significance of photovoltaic PV systems. Fault analysis in solar photovoltaic PV arrays is a fundamental task to increase reliability, efficiency, and safety in PV systems and, if not detected, may not only reduce power generation and accelerated system aging but also threaten the availability of the whole system. Due to the current-limiting nature and nonlinear output characteristics of PV arrays, faults in PV arrays may not be detected. In this paper, all possible faults that happen in the PV system have been classified and six common faults shading condition, open-circuit fault, degradation fault, line-to-line fault, bypass diode fault, and bridging fault have been implemented in 7.5 KW PV farm. Based on the simulation results, both normal operational curves and fault curves have been compared.


Accurate real-time characterization of colorectal lesions during endoscopy is crucial for histological prediction, allowing the choice of the most appropriate treatment [1]. Polyps are characterized on the basis of an evaluation of their macroscopic appearance, vascular pattern, and pit pattern with magnification, under both white-light and virtual chromoendoscopy such as narrow-band imaging (NBI) [2]. However, colorectal lesions are not homogeneous: a malignant component can sometimes occupy only a small area of the whole lesion and be relatively difficult to detect, especially for inexperienced endoscopists. We report on four colorectal lesions with focal malignancies (▶Video 1). The first lesion was a 4-cm granular laterally spreading tumor (LST-G) in the sigmoid with a 5-mm area classified as Kudo Vn, Sano IIIa. The second lesion was a 3-cm pseudo-depressed nongranular LST in the sigmoid with a 5-mm area classified as Kudo Vn. The third lesion was a pseudo-depressed polyp in the right colon with a central area classified as Kudo Vi. The fourth lesion was a LST-G of the cecum with a 15-mm nodule classified as Kudo Vi, Sano IIIa. The four lesions were resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection and the suspect areas were identified as adenocarcinoma invading the submucosa to depths of, respectively, 3500μm, 900μm, and more than 1500μm. In all four lesions, we detected with NBI a green-colored area (also visualized as a reddish area in TXI mode; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) that corresponded to the area where invasive cancer was found (▶Fig. 1, ▶Fig. 2, ▶Fig. 3, ▶Fig. 4). These cases show that the malignant component within a large colorectal lesion can have a green-colored area that is easily detectable on a distant view of the lesion, without the need to analyze the entire surface under magnification. Targeting such areas before analyzing them more closely could be a way to improve prediction for inexperienced endoscopists, and the green coloration could be a red flag in artificial-intelligence-assisted support for endoscopists in detecting malignancies.


Phallogocentric discourse minimizes imagination, fable and fantasy as a matter for women and children. The extent to which fantasy can serve as the only available form of liberation depends on the particular socio-historical coordinates in which the individual is located. Fantasy is a valid political alternative when the individual is socially caged in or restrained, and has few, if any, choices. The self portraits of Frida Kahlo present her images as not only an exercise in completely new way of perceiving art but also as the true fable of an imaginary identity that cannot be hunted down by the male conquistador. No one can conquer Frida because there is no "one Frida" to be conquered. She is her own self-portrait, constantly reinventing (reconstituting) herself in the face of adversity.


FIELD: physics, optics. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a light-emitting diode (LED) or a diode laser and a method of making same. The nitride semiconductor element 1 includes a main structural part 5 and a structural part 11 of an element formed on the main structural part 5 and having at least an n-type AlGaN semiconductor layer 6 and p-type AlGaN semiconductor layers 8, 9, 10 and additionally includes an n-electrode contact part 13a, formed on the n-type AlGaN semiconductor layer 6, an n-electrode part 13b of a contact pad formed on the n-electrode contact part 13a, and a p-electrode 12 formed on the p-type AlGaN semiconductor layers 8, 9, 10, wherein the molar ratio of AlN in the n-type AlGaN semiconductor layer 6 is 20% or higher, the n-electrode contact part 13a includes one or more metal layers, and the p-electrode 12 and the n-electrode part 13b of the contact pad have a common layered structure consisting of two or more layers with an Au layer as the uppermost layer and a layer which prevents Au diffusion, which consists of a conducting metal oxide and is formed under the uppermost to prevent Au diffusion. EFFECT: present invention prevents formation of an Au alloy on the surface of an n-electrode and on the surface of a p-electrode in a nitride semiconductor element. 13 cl, 9 dwg


A food waste annihilating equipment is provided to prevent generation of an electric shock accident or harmful electromagnetic waves by heating a case through hot water instead of a heating wire, improve energy efficiency by adjusting heating area of the case according to the amount of food waste, improve workability by automatically discharging annihilated food waste, and improve thermal efficiency by flowing residual heat generated from a heating tank and a drive unit into the case. A food waste annihilating equipment comprises: a case(100) which is constructed in a sealed structure having a space(M) formed therein so that food waste is injected into the space, and which has an openable injection port(111) formed on a part of a top face thereof, and a discharge port(130) formed on a part of a rear face thereof; an agitator installed in the space within the case to agitate food waste injected into the space; a heating tank(300) which is integrally formed on both outer faces of the case, in which water is stored, which is installed to heat the water by a heating element(310) installed on a portion of an inner part thereof, and which has a water inlet(320) and a water outlet(330) formed on parts of an outer face thereof to supply water into the water inlet and discharge water from the water outlet; and a residual heat recovery duct(180) which is formed along an outer surface of an upper part of the case to recover the residual heat into the case through the discharge port of the case after guiding residual heat generated from the heating tank and the agitator.


As I think about the year just completed under Greg Lederer's leadership, it occurs to me that two events best characterize the IADC: the Annual Meeting and the Trial Academy. By a coincidence of timing, both occur within one month of each other. The Annual Meeting represents an opportunity for members to obtain excellent legal education, experience professional development, and strengthen business and professional relationships in an atmosphere that our families can enjoy with us. The Trial Academy best exemplifies the IADC's core strength of members with outstanding trial skills who are passionate about their commitment to further develop their craft and share it with young lawyers. If the Annual Meeting and the Trial Academy best characterize the IADC, then we had a very successful year under Greg's leadership. The Annual Meeting in Rome succeeded in delivering high quality legal programming that was well attended by the membership. Both organizationally and individually, we were enriched by Rome's history and its opportunities. The 2006 Trial Academy, under the direction of Joe Ryan, was another success. I had the privilege of attending the "graduation ceremony" for the Trial Academy. During the ceremony, more than one hundred young attorneys stood and gave Joe and his faculty an emotional and heartfelt ovation to express their appreciation for what they had experienced. This was a powerful statement about the quality of the program that Joe and his faculty conducted. As I listened to the accolades that the young attorneys offered to each of their faculty members, I couldn't help but feel proud to be a member of an association that within one month had successfully completed both the Annual Meeting and Trial Academy with such high levels of excellence. Looking Ahead Last month in the IADC Docket, I wrote about innovation and a passion for excellence. The relevance of those concepts for the IADC is best understood in the context of discussing the goals that the leadership is driven to achieve. There is a correlation between the probability of an association achieving its goals with how well the leaders of the association explain those goals to the membership. Consequently, the balance of this message and my next one will discuss our strategic goals and how the programming that we offer throughout the year seeks to pull us closer to achieving our goals. The IADC's ultimate goal is to be widely recognized as a preeminent organization of experienced civil defense trial lawyers. We've identified six strategic goals that, when achieved, will move us closer to our ultimate goal: 1. Enhance the prestige and diversity of our membership. 2. Improve business opportunities for members. 3. Provide exceptional professional development opportunities. 4. Increase our impact on Civil Justice Reform. 5. Strengthen community (relationships) among our members. 6. Ensure sound administrative and financial management of our resources. Each strategic goal is not merely a nice sounding platitude. We are serious about each of them, and the Board has assigned objective measures to gauge the performance of our staff and members. The following briefly summarizes the first three goals. My next message in the January issue of the Defense Counsel Journal will discuss the last three. Membership The IADC membership currently stands at approximately 2,450. We are very close to the point at which serious discussions must begin whether to cap membership of outside counsel in the IADC. More important than our general membership goal, however, is our goal to achieve greater ethnic and gender diversity. Membership subcommittees chaired by Laura De Santos and Susan Roney are responsible for leading our efforts in this area. We also have established targets for generating younger members who meet our membership qualifications and, as always, we continue our efforts to expand our international base of members. …


When administered intravenously (i.v.) in a pulsatile mode during the first half of the night to young normal controls, growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) results in increased growth hormone (GH) plasma levels and slow wave sleep (SWS) and blunted cortisol release. In the present study we investigated whether GHRH has the same effects when administered in the early morning. Seven normal young male volunteers had 2 sessions each in the sleep laboratory (23.00 to 10.00 h) during which the secretion of GH, cortisol and corticotropin (ACTH) and polygraphic recordings were monitored. Verum (4 bolus injections of 50 μg GHRH) or placebo were injected i.v. at 04.00, 05.00, 06.00 and 07.00 h. GHRH stimulated GH plasma levels significantly whereas cortisol and ACTH were not altered. In the sleep‐electroencephalogram, only rapid‐eye‐movement density was decreased significantly during the period of active medication; all other sleep parameters were unaffected. We suggest that the physiological occurring high activity of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical(HPA) system in the early morning prevents the effects of GHRH on cortisol plasma levels and SWS. Thus GHRH administered to healthy young men in the early morning hours has the same effect as GHRH administered during the first half of the night to patients with major depression who have HPA hyperactivity throughout the day.


Musical Instruments generally rely on the following elements for tone production: a power supply, an oscillator, a resonator, an amplifier, and a pitch control mechanism. The physical basis of these elements will be discussed for each instrument family with performance illustrations by the orchestra. Wave shapes and spectra will be shown for representative instruments. A pamphlet illustrating important elements for each instrument group will be distributed to the audience. The Science presentation with orchestral performance illustrations will be followed by a concert of the New World Youth Symphony Orchestra. This orchestra is one of three performing groups of the New World Youth Orchestras, an organization founded by Susan Kitterman in 1982. Members of the Symphony are chosen from the greater Indianapolis and Central Indiana area by audition.


The relationship between shrub vegetation and precipitation is one important component of desert vegetation responses to climate change, but it has not been understood completely because of its complexity and nonlinearity. In this study, we used MODIS NDVI data and precipitation data from 2004 to 2012 to evaluate the relationship between the shrub vegetation and precipitation within Gurbantunggut Desert, Central Asia. Correlation analysis was employed to explore the relationship between NDVI and precipitation within growing season, within cross growing season, and on interannual scale. The results showed that NDVI could be classified into three temporal changing patterns within growing season, and NDVI was significantly correlated with the precipitation integrated by time durations and time lags within growing season; NDVI was significantly correlated with precipitation in the early growing season, but this relationship was not so obvious in the middle or late growing season; and the NDVI variational patterns depended on mean annual precipitation and the distribution of precipitation throughout the year. Precipitation had significant influence on shrub vegetation within Gurbantunggut Desert. Our findings provide basic knowledge for the relationship between precipitation and shrub vegetation, and it is helpful to understand how the desert vegetation responds to climate change in the future.


Good Ideas on Economic Inclusion: Access to Banking is the first report in a series that examines issues and good practices related to the economic integration and inclusion of immigrants in the neighbourhoods, highstreets and workplaces of today's cities.


A procedure for the nephelometric determination of sulfates has been given in which to a 20-cc sample solution is added 0.5g of a powdered reagent which has newly been adopted in the present method. The reagent is a powdered mixture of 10g of barium chloride, 10g of tartaric•acid, and 80g of sodium chloride. The nephelometlic comparison can safely be of made by diffused light in the laboratroy without using a particular artificial source of light. The menthod can be applied to the determination of from 1.9 to 480mg SO4 per litre. Data are presented showing that the possible accuracy of this method is at least as good as in SHEEN'S method (TABLE I and III). The mean error was about 2.4%, the maximum error about 5.6% (TABLE III).


In field trials at Brawley, California, sorghum cv. Asgrow Double TX and Northrup King NK-265 were sown on silty clay in mid-May 1982, given adequate N and P fertilizer and irrigated with saline water (1:1 NaCl and CaCl2) of electrical conductivity 1.5-12.1 dS/m. Grain yield was unaffected by soil salinity up to 6.8 dS/m, but each subsequent increase in salinity of 1 dS/m reduced yield by 16%. Yield reduction was due primarily to a decrease in grain weight/ear rather than to a reduction in ear formation. Grain yield of Double TX was significantly higher than that of NK-265. Vegetative growth was less affected by soil salinity than was grain yield. Salinity up to 8.2 dS/m did not affect germination. Higher salt levels delayed germination but did not affect the final germination percentage. Sorghum was more salt tolerant at germination than at later growth stages


Aeromagnetic analyses have been conducted in and around Unzen Volcano, Kyushu, Japan, in order to reveal the subsurface structure of the Unzen graben. First, we applied a magnetization intensity mapping method to analyze aeromagnetic anomalies of the central part of the Shimabara peninsula. Magnetization highs and lows correspond to Older and Younger Unzen, respectively. It becomes about 4.5 A/m in the area covered with Older Unzen volcanics (0.15-0.5 Ma), and about 1.0 A/m in Younger Unzen, however, Mayu-Yama volcano is exceptionally high (6 A/m). Moreover, it turns out that Pre-Unzen volcanics or localized hydrothermally altered areas shows magnetization lows (about 1 A/m). Next, the magnetic boundary analyses were performed, and the results show remarkable dislocations of the western part of Chijiwa fault and Fukae fault among the main faults which forming the Unzen graben. Third, magnetic models were constructed from aeromagnetic anomalies, drilling data and the result of magnetization intensity mapping. Finally, after these results are discussed from geological, tectonic and geothermal aspects, it clarified also from a viewpoint of magnetization structure as pointed out by the result of other geophysical data that Unzen graben has the feature of half-graben, which northern fault fallen in the western Unzen region and southern fault fallen in the eastern Unzen region. Next, we conducted the more detailed magnetization intensity mapping around Fugen-Dake using the data in 2002. This map shows good agreement with the geologic features, especially the hydrothermal alteration zone and the collapsed pyroclastic deposits. In addition, even in the area covered by lavas,


Scott and Tweedie find condition under which there are bounds on the conve'rgence rates of Markov chains.This paper is an attempt to weaken that condition,that is,I manage to change one-step transition probability into m-step transition probability.At the same time,by using the different means from Scott and Tweedie,I compute the bounds for geometric convergence rates r~n of Markov chains,and therefore generalize the existent results.


The education system can be said to be a 3 Dimensional concept. The 1st dimension is the government or policy makers, 2nd dimension is formed by policy executors or education providers and the 3rd dimension is made by the beneficiaries or society, parents and students or pupils. The world, specifically in this area, has experienced many unimagined situations through viral (COVID-19) attacks on health that have changed the whole perception for education system. Also the education system is introspecting to be relevant and significant in the coming future.The education system is trying to adapt with words like students centric education, flipped classroom, continuing education etc. this has made it necessary to ask the 3rd dimension, what exactly they need from the other two dimensions. I.e. from the policy and from education service providers. Present paper is an empirical study of students' perception towards Open Distance Education. The paper may help and guide stakeholders in improving and imparting service to achieve Sustainable Development Goals.


In every sector today, secure and efficient data transfer is essential. To guarantee the security, for the most part Public Key Cryptographic Systems (PKCS) is utilized. A RSA and NTRU framework by and large fits in with the class of PKCS. The productivity of an open key cryptographic framework is essentially measured in computational overheads, key size and transmission capacity. The way that most chips on keen cards can't handle keys broadening 1024 piece demonstrates that there is a requirement for option. NTRU [7] is such an option and it is a gathering of numerical calculations in view of controlling arrangement of whole numbers and polynomials. This permits NTRU to be effective. NTRU is the main secure open key cryptosystem not in view of factorization or discrete logarithm issues. This means that given sufficient computational resources and time, an adversary, should not be able to break the key. Basically NTRU cryptosystem encrypt and decrypt a binary message. As mentioned in NTRU[8], it takes p= 3 and q =31 to have a binary message encrypt and decrypt properly.  As modulus 3 contains any of the integers 0, 1 or 2, it is not certain to decrypt a binary message properly. So NTRU came with an alternative by taking p = 2+X.  In this paper we have attempted to show that it can be extended to hexadecimal system and the speed of sending and receiving can be much faster by using hexadecimal system instead of binary system.


The actuation mechanisms of cnt-based materials are still
controversially discussed. It is not common sense whether it is a macroscopic volume effect caused by ion intercalation or electrostatic repulsion of equally charged cnts or a nanoscopic effect of filled anti-bonding orbitals of the carbon atom or interactions with ions docking on the carbon surface. In the presented paper arrays of highly aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) are used which are stabilized by a polypyrrole-coating. The samples are tested along the cnt-orientation and in perpendicu-
lar mode to analyze the influence of the structure-ion interaction. The mwcnt-arrays exhibit only a total length of approximately 2.8 mm but by coating with polypyrrole larger geometries can be tested. The actuation is analyzed using an in-plane test and an actuated tensile testing. Free strain can be detected using the first set-up the second method is carried out to evaluate the mechanical stability of the samples. As might be expected, the material shows a strong anisotropic active behavior with the actuation
along the tube axis being only one third of the value detected at the perpendicular oriented samples. The findings point out that an intercalation of ions into the charged cnt-architecture seems here to be the dominating mechanism.


Carcasses of electrical or non-electrical equipment operating in potentially explosive atmospheres must provide a certain degree of protection against access to hazardous parts, penetration of solid bodies and/or water penetration, which must be tested according to the specifications of the Ex protection types. Normal protection classes are indicated by the international IP code followed by two characteristic digits referring to the protection against penetration of solid foreign bodies and water protection, followed by optional letters if required by the beneficiary according to the imposed conditions of use. Within the ENExEMEIP laboratory, have been developed laboratory tests to verify the first characteristic figure of the standard degree of protection according to the standardized European method. In the paper is presented the test stand of the large gauge equipment, a stand made with state-of-the-art equipment that provides the necessary performance for the accreditation of the test according to the standardized requirements. Checking dustproof protection to equipment used in areas where explosive atmospheres generated by combustion dust may occur is particularly important for assessing compliance with the requirements of the ATEX Directive [5], as this protection is a basic requirement for explosion protection.


Because of the presence of surface oxide films, aluminum alloys are very difficult to join by diffusion bonding processes when there are no interlayers between mating surfaces. In the present investigation, the diffusion bonding of superplastic 7075 aluminum alloy has been carried out using a special method for surface treatment in the temperature range 500∼520°C, at pressures of 2.07∼3.OMPa, times of 90∼150min and a vaccum of 1×10 −5 torr. The joint strength obtained is the same as the base metal strength of the alloy, and the joint microstructure is indistinguishable from that of the base metal. In this paper, the effect of the superplastic treatment of the alloy on the bonding process is discussed, and it is proposed that the bonding mechanism is the migration of the initial bond interface caused both by the diffusion of atoms and by the growth of grains during the diffusion bonding process.


Abstract The genus Larrea originated in semiarid southern South America, where four species occur today. It spread to semiarid southwestern North America only 11,000 to 14,000 years before present where one species, L. tridentata (DC.) Coville (creosotebush), evolved. Creosotebush has increased greatly during the past 100 years to become a weed of major importance in rangelands by competing with beneficial forage plants. Biological control is possible through the introduction of natural enemies from closely related species of Larrea in Argentina. We and other workers have found a total of 110 species of insects that attack Larrea spp. there. Probably 15 species were sufficiently damaging, consistently found, and apparently host specific in our field collections to warrant further testing as candidates for introduction. These include three species of grasshoppers, three scale insects, two flat-headed wood-boring beetles, one leaf chafer, two jumping plant lice, several undetermined species of foliage-feeding caterpillars, darkling beetles, and a katydid.


Question: Stand structural complexity is increasingly valued by forest managers to promote resilience, and quantitative spatial data from reference stands can help achieve these goals. We questioned how stand structural elements were spatially distributed across a Pinus palustris woodland. Specifically, we sought to quantify patterns of individual trees, tree clumps, openings, and canopy disturbance and examine spatial relationships between P . palustris saplings and P . palustris and Quercus spp. trees. Location: Fall Line Hills, Alabama, USA (32°56′12′′ N, 87°25′37′′ W). Methods: We recorded tree species, diameter, age, and location of all trees, and reconstructed canopy disturbance events across a 1- ha site in a P . palustris woodland. We used global point pattern analysis ( g(r) function) and a local spatial classification method (individuals, clumps, and openings) to examine the distribution of stand struc tural elements and canopy disturbance. Results: Trees were generally clustered by taxa and diameter. Pinus palustris saplings exhibited no spatial relationship with P . palustris trees, but were clustered around Quercus trees at variable distances. Approximately half of the trees in the stand occurred silvicultural to structural complexity resilience.


BACKGROUND
Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (CFD) typically occurs in the facial bones and anterior cranial vault and can produce both disfigurement and functional limitations for patients disfigurement. Treatment consists of reducing the abnormal bone. Bone contouring can become challenging when the exposure does not extend to the corresponding normal contralateral structures for comparison or when normal landmarks are not available, which may compromise the overall aesthetic outcome. We describe a technique using dynamic mirroring to accurately contour the involved part of the cranium in a case of giant CFD.

OBSERVATIONS
A 49-year-old male presented with a giant deforming fibrous dysplasia of the right mastoid and parieto-temporo-occiput that was causing functional limitations due to the size of the bony mass. This was managed with multidisciplinary bony reduction. Several neurovascular structures were in proximity to the areas of planned drilling of the expansile lesion, and dynamic mirroring of the uninvolved left skull was utilized to maximize safety and symmetry of reduction. High-speed drilling of the right occipital bone was performed until the navigation system alerted the surgeon that symmetric depth had been achieved. There were no complications from the procedure and this technique maximized the limits of symmetric reduction without significantly increasing surgical complexity or duration.

LESSONS
Dynamic mirroring of bony structures in the posterior cranium is not commonly employed in neurosurgical practice. This technique may help improve the aesthetic outcomes of bony reduction in craniofacial dysplasia and a variety of similarly managed bony lesions, contour cranioplasties, and in unilateral craniosynostosis surgery.


Aqueous leaves extract of different concentrations of Azadirachta indica or Neem was used to study the influence of their allelopathic effects on germination and growth of some vegetable crops namely cucumber, chilli and brinjal during January-July 2019 at the research laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. There were four treatments including control viz. T0=control, T1=3% aqueous extracts, T2=6% aqueous extracts, T3=9% aqueous extracts and T4=12% aqueous extracts of neem. Results showed that 12% aqueous leaf extracts greatlyinhibited the germination of the tested crops compared to other concentrations and showed the germination percentage was decreased with the increasing concentrations of leaf extracts. The highest seed germination percentage of cucumber, Original Research Article Khanam et al.; AJRIB, 4(4): 113-121, 2020; Article no.AJRIB.62998 114 chilli and brinjal were 82.22%, 91.11% and 71.11% respectively in control treatment whereas the lowest germination was observed 55.55%, 66.67% and 40% at 12% aqueous leaf extract at cucumber, chilli and brinjal, respectively. Other germination parameters like germination speed, mean daily germination, peak value and germination value were also influenced by the leaf extracts. The highest root and shoot length were found at 3%, 6% and 9% leaf extract over control. Similar results were recorded for biomass allocation like root and shoot dry weight. The findings of the study showed that stimulatory and inhibitory effect of Azadirachta indica aqueous leaf extract may be due to the presence of secondary metabolites (allelochemicals) and the inhibitory effect was more pronounced at higher concentrations.


In this paper, we trace the history of the media studies field and its development within the Arab region. The paper questions whether the available educational institutions have enough resources and expertise that enables them to encompass the increasing number of applicants to media studies programs, without negatively affecting the core requirements of a proper media studies curricula.


Generally, the area of the container yard pavement becomes 1.5-2.0ha, length of arrival and departure lines of the railway freight facilities is necessary over 500m. Therefore, it is changeable to the case in which it deals with rain water of the pavement surface and case in which it must make drainage structure in the extension direction and in which large wheel load like the forklift works with the weak point. Permeable pavement and storage penetration facilities of the heavy wheel load correspondence were required in order to solve these problems. Then, flow property resistance of the surface course material as a problem of permeable pavement, strength of permeable subbase course and thickness design, design method of the storage penetration facilities were examined, and the verification was carried out in the experimental pavement installed in the container platforms.


Distribution of feeding sites of wintering Greater White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons around Lake Izunuma-Uchinuma (roost) was determined by direct observations during winter of 1997, 1998and 1999. The 68.6% of 110feeding flocks were observed in rice fields within 6km from the lake.


Bacteriological examinations by the standard method of the American Public Health Association were carried out from November 1932 to March 1933 on oysters from various parts of Japan as well as on the samples of mud from several oyster beds. Of 122 strains of the colon bacteria, which are referable to 13 species and to one group, E. communior tops the list, being 17 in number (13.9%). A. metalcaligenes and E. coli are not so numerous, being 12.3% and 8.2% respectively (Table 1). About one-third the strains were found fecal in origin when tested with PERRY'S method. Contamination is evident in those shucked oysters sold in shops as compared with those which are fresh from the oyster beds.


The invention relates to the field of nanometer materials, and discloses a method based on a gas template assembling nanometer material. The method includes the following steps of firstly, preparing a base material with a patterned structure on the surface; secondly, forming a bubble generating system with the base material with the patterned structure on the surface as a lower substrate and a base material with a smooth surface as an upper substrate; thirdly, filling the bubble generating system with micro-bubble nanometer material assembling liquid, and forming a patterned two-dimensional bubble array through the fusion of micro-bubbles; fourthly, removing solvent in the nanometer material assembling liquid, assembling the nanometer material on the upper substrate with the patterned two-dimensional bubble array as the template. By means of the method, the nanometer material is precisely assembled with the patterned two-dimensional bubble array as the template, and the method is simple, rapid, strong in controllability, good in uniformity, low in preparation cost and beneficial to large-scale production.


Abstract : It is the purpose of this thesis to examine the Integrated Logistic Support program and the Aircraft modification process of the F-4 aircraft. Data collected from the F-4 Logistic Support Manager's records showed variances from planned change process as well as engineering and funding problems. These data pointed to the need for a restructured change process that provides for a complete Maintenance Engineering Analysis, improved funding control by the Logistic Manager and specific logistic decision points throughout the process. Areas for further detailed studies and cost analyses are suggested. (Author)


The early warning detection to cruise missile is the first condition of intercepting cruise missile. Analyses the target characteristics and infrared radiation of cruise missile, and established the synthetically early warning and detection system, which combines infrared passive imaging detection system with traditional detection technology, so as to realize the long range early warning and improve the discovery probability for target.


This scientific journal article presents a detailed and comprehensive analysis of a significant coup d'état in Iraq, aiming to shed light on the intricate web of historical, political, and socioeconomic factors that contributed to its occurrence and subsequent repercussions. Situated within the context of Iraq's turbulent history, this research examines the root causes, key actors, execution, consequences, and enduring legacies of the coup, with a particular focus on its regional implications.


This study aims to characterize participation of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduates in early intervention (EI). We used data from the National Early Intervention Longitudinal Study. We fit models of days from referral to Individualized Family Service Plan creation (plan time), days from referral to initiation of services (service time), and parent-reported effort to enroll their child with clinical and sociodemographic predictors. The sample of 1,188 NICU graduates had median birth weight 1,942 g, gestational age 33.4 weeks, and maternal age 27.4 years. Plan time was shorter for those with health insurance (2.5 weeks, p = .04) and living in high-providing states (3.3 weeks, p = .005). Service time was shorter for those with global delay (8 days, p = .02) and health insurance (11 days, p = .03) and longer for those with single parents (24 days, p = .009). Single parents and parents of children with higher birth weight, congenital problems, and non-White race reported greater effort finding services. Single parents and parents of female and higher birth weight infants reported greater effort initiating services. These findings document disparities in enrollment timing and service provision by disability types, single parenthood, and being of non-White race. Further elucidation of such disparities could lead to improved enrollment and access to prescribed services.


Introduction: The purpose of the Fuller-Clarke Sphere (F-C Sphere) is to provide planetary services analogous to a Dyson Sphere [1] but scaled down to planet size and combined with Arthur C. Clarke's (et.al.) Space Elevator [2] concept. Space Elevators are strategically placed on the planet based on R. Buckminster Fuller's "Great Circles" [3] of a geodesic sphere constructed around the planet using material harvested from the asteroid belt. The F-C Sphere, a Civilization Type ~I.V invention [4], is parked in geostationary orbit and conceived for Planetary Defense from collisions with >~100-m class asteroids (NEOs). It is envisioned as a network of geodesic frames and interconnecting flexible lattice structure nets arrayed within the geo-grid surrounding the planet. In a worst case scenario, the space frame grid is sacrificial it catches and crumples; collapsing or stretching to absorb the shock of an incoming extinction event asteroid. The F-C Sphere is also principally and globally utilitarian. Given the scale of engineering required, the primary geodesic great circle chords will necessarily be large diameter sections capable of being inhabited and used for planetary circulation; connecting 12 Space Elevator/Space Station Cities at each vertexes corresponding to the icosahedron vertex points. The natural urbanization at Space Elevator locations will expand the planet's living volume, invoking space ports, transport conduits, energy and resource conveyance, solar collecting or albedo shading, planetary monitoring, communications (without satellites), and orbital station-keeping technology to mention a few. If an NEO approaches on a collision course, internal rail (Hyperloops [5]) shunt inhabitants (commuters around the planet) to safe areas of the 'geo-grid' beyond the crumple zone. Entire inhabited lengths can also jettison off of the great circles or any occupied tributary structural 'spines'. External rail/conveyance systems can provide mobilization of utilities, telescope, or a myriad of space monitoring technology while a rail/conveyance system on the earthward side provides global planetary services and monitoring. Rail gun/mass-drivers are positioned centered within each vertex 'Lift" station; providing kinetic projectile capabilities for ballistic intercept of NEO's as well as launching solar system and deep space platforms. Directional control is proposed using 'Gaussian Focus" – rail mounted super magnets arranged in a radial geometry and adjusted in position and strength to influence outgoing flight paths of magnetically responsive projectiles.


Predicting the impact of traffic i ncidents b ased on traffic s ensor d ata i s a n e ssential r esearch t opic i n t he fi eld of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Tackling the problem of estimating the durations of incidents from their early stages is a challenge due to the variable nature of such incidents and the complex structure of modern road networks. Existing studies on forecasting the incident duration from sensor data are mostly incapable of modeling 1) the spatiotemporal correlations of traffic s ensors a nd a rterial r oads a nd 2 ) t he hierarchical topology of the traffic sensor and road networks. In this paper, we propose the Hierarchical Attention-based Spatiotemporal Graph Convolutional Network model (HastGCN) to solve the incident duration forecasting problem by formulating the spatiotemporal correlation and traffic p atterns o n b oth t he s ensor l evel and the road level in their natural hierarchical manner. At the sensor level, we propose a spatiotemporal attention mechanism followed by graph convolutions to model the local correlations and patterns between traffic s ensors o n t he s ame a rterial road. At the road level, a connectivity-aware attention mechanism is designed to learn the global spatial relatedness between each arterial road. Traffic-condition a ware g raph c onvolutions are then applied to understand the target incident representation for the incident duration forecasting.


An integral transform method is used to obtain continuous time series of wave amplitude and period from ocean wave measurements. The joint statistics of these two variables are determined and directly compared with the theoretical probability densities predicted by Longuet-Higgins (1975, 1983). Good agreement is found for data from both calm and hurricane sea states. This method avoids the ambiguities in the definitions of wave amplitude and period found in earlier comparisons of field data with theory.


Studies of Twenty-four Poetic Styles by Si Kongtu portrays the Chinese traditional poetic style in the form of four-character verse,and its pattern of creating and reasoning displays the consciousness of pursu- ing the poetic landscape.The emergence of the theory of mental landscape tied in with the changes of poetic style in Mid-Tang Dynasty inspires the poetic pursuit of ethereal leisure.The heuristic style of Studies of Twen- ty-four Poetic Styles also demonstrates that the Zen theory has made great influence on Si Kongtu's poetic theo- ry.It's reasonable to say that Studies of Twenty-four Poetic Styles is a creative accomplishment made by the coalescence of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism in the field of poetic theories.


We have developed a smart decontamination device for small-size radioactive scrap metal (SSRSM) necessarily generated from nuclear facilities. This is a multi-modal device such as rotation of magnetic field focusing on the region containing the abrasion pins placed around target and ultrasonic cleaner. Additionally, in order to increase the decontamination efficiency we have modified some configuration of the device so that it could work on them evenly and totally. With the Optimal operating for operation of the new device, we tried to decontaminate some various metal selected as a sample during 15 minutes sequentially using each method, magnetic and ultrasonic device. As a result, the range of decontamination factor has been highly increased to 18~56. After decontamination, all samples were found its activity less than background level.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to environmentally friendly "green" method of continuous purification of triacylglycerols with application of powder-like, granulated or pressed adsorbent, which is applied either in the process of chemical or in the process of physical purification of food oils and fats, each of which is usually used for purification of triacylglycerols. Method of purification of vegetable and animal oils and fats includes the following stages: a) raw triacylglycerol is processes with application of one or more adsorption columns, containing adsorbent material for removal of one or more admixtures from raw triacylglycerol, with said triacylglycerol continuously flowing through one or more columns; b) regeneration of adsorbent material with acid-containing solvent to remove adsorbed admixtures from adsorbent material is performed; c) and adsorbent material at stage (a) is used, with admixtures including one or more phosphorus compounds, soap, metals, free fatty acids, aromatic compounds, odorous compounds, colouring compounds, chlorophyll and other admixtures, reducing stability of final triacylglycerol. EFFECT: method improvement. 38 cl, 7 dwg, 4 tbl, 2 ex


We exploit femtosecond pulses for time-of-flight measurement of distances. Not only long distances but also short distances less than 10 m are measured with sub-micrometer precision beyond the traditional limit of time-of-flight measurement.


The time dependence of fluorescence polarization has been measured for several vibronic levels of S1 pyrimidine, 000 pyrazine, and 000 5‐methylpyrimidine in the collision‐free environment of a supersonic jet. In each case, the polarization decreases from the regular‐rotor‐limit value to a smaller constant value. The decay of the polarization occurs with a rate smaller than that of the fast‐component fluorescence but larger than that of the slow‐component emission. The decay rate of the fluorescence polarization increases with increasing density of triplet rovibronic levels coupled to the initially prepared S1 state. The results are interpreted as providing evidence for vibration–rotation interactions in the triplet manifold, leading to an extensive, but incomplete, K mixing. The time scale of the rotational dynamics is proposed to be in the tens of nanoseconds, based on the decay of the fluorescence polarization.


There mainly are 5 series of source rocks, including horizons in Upper Tertiary, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary, Middle-Lower Jurassic, Permo-Carboniferous and Cambrian-Ordovician, in Southwest Depression of the Tarim Basin. The depocenter of Cambrian-Ordovician lay in Awati sag and Tanggubasi sag, in which source rocks with high abundance of organic matter, good types and high maturity were developed. They formed the main source rocks in the depression. Source rocks in Permo-Carboniferous are characterized by wide distribution, varying in abundance and type of organic matter, middle to high maturity. The Jurassic and Lower Tertiary source rocks were mainly distributed in Kasi sag and the southwest margin of the depression, and the Upper Tertiary ones in the mountain front of Yecheng sag.


Direct use of price indices does not enable to distinguish changes in relative prices from generalised price rises. Core inflation measures typically entail excluding some components or deriving trend measures. This paper uses a structural VAR with long-run identifying restrictions to arrive at two core measures: latent inflation and permanent inflation. Results for the 1970-1993 period show that inflation dynamics in Spain is strongly inertial and shocks with a permanent effect on output hardly affect inflation. Permanent nominal shocks play a major role in explaining inflation fluctuations.


The effect of microwave susceptor design on the heating profiles of co-pyrolysis between waste truck tyre and empty fruit bunch was studied. Carbonaceous susceptor was used to elevate the pyrolysis temperature along with increased heating rate. Different design of microwave susceptor and its effect towards the heating profiles of the studied co-pyrolysis process was examined. The aim is to determine the effect of heating rates on the pyrolytic-oil yield, calorific value and energy recovery. From the study, it was revealed that the microwave susceptor design (D1) with a horizontal-layer single-bed, located at the bottom (SB-HL-B) of the feedstocks, showed higher heating rate (83 °C min−1). Higher heating rates were observed to significantly increase pyrolytic-oil (39.0 wt%) and energy yield (59.0%). Such heating rate also upgraded the pyrolytic-oil properties, producing oil with higher calorific value (42.20 MJkg−1). Thus, the present study demonstrated a viable method to optimise pyrolytic-oil yield in producing diesel-like fuel through the adoption of a microwave-assisted heating method.


Climate change as an implication of global warming due to the influence of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has become an important issue in recent decades. Organic farming plays an important role in mitigating climate change by reducing atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions through increased soil carbon sequestration. This study was designed to compare soil carbon sequestration levels between conventional and organic vegetable farming fields in Bali, Indonesia. Soil samples were taken from organic fields and conventional fields in pairs. Variables of soil organic carbon, soil labile carbon, and soil bulk density are measured. Vegetable yields were estimated by fresh weights from a quadrant of 45 plants (1.12 m2) in each farming system, which is then converted to the fresh weight per hectare. The results from soil analysis indicate that organic farming leads to soil with significantly higher soil carbon storage capacity than conventional farming. The labile C fraction shows a more significant increase compared to total C. Organic farming can increase by 1.13 tons C per hectare per year compared with the conventional farming system. The use of manure compost as an alternative in vegetable fields of Bali has resulted in increased soil organic carbon storage and gross benefits for farming. Although more research is needed on the actual emissions of CO2 gas from organic and conventional farming, this research can be used as an early indication that organic vegetable farming system can increase the mitigation of global warming, and build sustainable agriculture in Bali, Indonesia.


Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin to other antidiabetic regimens in the treatment of corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia in non-critically ill; hospitalized patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort included patients treated with methylprednisolone or prednisone concomitantly with NPH or other antidiabetic medications for at least two days. Patients were screened for inclusion in reverse chronological order and matched based on gender; age; body mass index; steroid dose; and history of diabetes. The primary objective was mean daily blood glucose (BG). Secondary outcomes included percentage of readings between 70mg/dL-180mg/dL; median daily BG; number of hypoglycemic events; daily steroid to NPH ratios; and mean weight-based dose of NPH for each 10mg increment of prednisone when BG readings were within goal. Results: A total of 72 patients were included in each arm. The primary efficacy endpoint of mean daily BG ranged from 111-217mg/dL in the control group and 163-228mg/dL in the NPH arm; however; there were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). Overall rates of hypoglycemia were slightly lower in the NPH group but with no statistically significant differences (0.61% vs. 1.12%; p = 0.51). Conclusion: NPH; compared to other regimens; may not have an impact on achieving glycemic controlin corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia.


According to the inventive method for inserting information into an audio signal, a time multiplex method is combined with a code multiplex method in order to preprocess the information which is to be inserted into the audio signal. During a time multiplex method, a spreading is carried out (22, 24) with two different data sequences in order to be able to distinguish a first time slot from additional time slots. The code multiplex channels are added (26) and weighted (26, 28, 30, 32) while taking into account a psychoacoustic masking threshold of the audio signal, whereupon the weighted code multiplex signal is combined (34) with the audio signal. The time slot of the information channel is used while detecting the information that is inserted into the audio signal in order to synchronize the second information channel which had been spread with a data sequence differing from the data sequence for the other time slots. This results in the provision of a very reliable data transmission in a first information channel as well as the provision of a data transmission with a high transmission rate in the second transmission channel.


The aim of the study is to reveal the essence, structure and functions of the ability selfdisclosure mechanism in adolescents. The study is based on existential humanistic ideas about the inner content and self-worth of a person (A. Langle, C. Rogers), approaches of metacognitive psychology, revealing the resources of cognitive processes self-organization in relation to their personality and activities (M. Kashapov, A. Karpov ), ideas about the ability selfdisclosure by V. Chernyavskaya. The main empirical methods were psychodiagnostic, survey methods, self-description methods, comparative method, and modeling. Sample is represented by schoolchildren studying in grades from 9 to 11 in Moscow, the Moscow region and Vladivostok. A new problem of discovering the internal mechanism, which determines the inclusion of the personality's ideas about their own abilities in the self-concept structure, has been solved. The mechanism of ability self-disclosure is justified as a process of ordering the subjective experience associated with the implementation of abilities for a certain type of activity. The structure, content and functions of the ability self-disclosure mechanism in adolescents are revealed. The structure is represented by a system of interrelated elements. These are existential fulfillment, which creates the basis for self-acceptance and adequate formation of a person's self-image; metacognitive qualities that self-organize internal resources by gaining knowledge about the features of their cognitive processes and reflecting relationships with the world and with oneself. The influence of the ability self-disclosure mechanism on academic performance is shown. The mechanism determines the relationship between academic performance and the cognitive interests of a student. The correlation between the relationship of parents to an adolescent and the inclusion of ideas about own abilities in the structure of personality self-concept are revealed. The experience of self-acceptance, self-worth, the meaning of life, satisfaction is mediated by internal dialogue, which contains the internalized attitude of parents to adolescents. It has been determined that the parent role distribution (an adoptive mother and a directive father) develops the ability self-disclosure mechanism. The connection of the adolescent's opinion about what teachers and the reference group think about own abilities with the content of his self-concept is highlighted. It was revealed that the action of the ability self-disclosure mechanism is associated with the processing the information from others about own abilities, its subsequent differentiation and embedding it into the self-concept structure of an adolescent. The data obtained can be used in teachers and psychologists' work to develop psychological and pedagogical programs aimed at improving academic performance; in developing approaches to individual counseling of adolescents, their parents and teachers; in professional self-determination, vocational guidance of high school students, diagnostics of the ability selfdisclosure mechanisms and their development.


The temperature stability of tetragonal phase, as an indispensable end component of polymorphic phase boundary in high performance potassium sodium niobate based ceramics, has been long‐term neglected. Aimed at resolving the most cutting‐edge challenges for the practical application of potassium sodium niobate (KNN)‐based ceramics, the association study between tetragonal phase and its temperature stability is focused upon, especially from a microscopic point of view. Here, four kinds of potassium sodium niobate based ceramics with orthorhombic, tetragonal, orthorhombic–tetragonal, and rhombohedral–orthorhombic–tetragonal phase boundaries are designed, and investigations from macro properties as well as the underlying domain behaviors are conducted to establish the relationship between phase structure and temperature stability. Polarization retention with aging time and domain dynamics under thermal excitation suggest that tetragonal phase is closely related to the temperature sensitivity because of their instable and fast back‐switching properties of the reoriented domains. It is believed that a new perspective in the future designing of temperature‐insensitive ceramics is put up.


Effects of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) fertilizer reduction and P application patterns on crop yields and soil nutrients were studied through two-year field plot experiments of rice-wheat rotation.The results showed that the reduction of N application by 10.8% and phosphorus by 25.0% on the basis of average accustomed fertilization application did not significantly decrease the yields of wheat and rice in the first anniversary and wheat in the second anniversary,but it significantly decreased the yield of rice in the second anniversary.The reduction of N and P application significantly decreased the contents of soil available P after rice was harvested in the second year,whereas it did not significantly decrease other soil indices including pH,organic matter,alkali-hydrolysable N and available potassium.Under the reduction of N and P applications,there was no significant difference in yields of four season crops between the P applications in only wheat and that in both wheat and rice.On the basis of these results,the fertilizer applying rule "reduce N fertilizer application amount and apply P fertilizer in only wheat season"was suggested in rice-wheat rotation system.The purpose of less fertilizer application,less labor input and simultaneously retaining crop yields could be realized through this rule.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of nosocomial fungus infection,so as to enhance the preventing and controlling of infection.METHODS The medical records of 206 cases of inpatients with fungal infection during 2008-2009 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS The respiratory tract was the major site with fungal infection.Candida albicans infection was in the first place(70.90%).The old age,the abuse of antibiotic,the invasive operation,the hormone application,the radiotherapy and the chemotherapy were the risk factors for the fungus infection.CONCLUSION To control the risk factors,rationally use the antibiotics and reduce the invasive operation are crucial to prevent and control the fungus infection.


Increased attention is being paid to open adoption arrangements between birth parents and adopted children and families. This study examines openness and contact among 469 adoptions at 14 years postadoption from the fourth wave of the California Long-Range Adoption Study (CLAS) and 378 adoptions matched across all waves.Theproportionoffamilies reportingcontact declined from Wave 3 (1997) to Wave 4 (2003) although contacts increased within open adoptions.Positiveratingsofthecontact'seffect on the family increased the likelihood of contact between adoptive and birth families, although greater levels of overall satisfaction lowered the likelihood of openness over time. At any point in time, public agency adoptions were less likely to be open. Findings suggest that increased attention should be paid within agencies to how open arrangements are pursued for adoptive placements.


ABSTRACT In this study, HPLC-MS and ICP-MS methods were used for the determination of histidine and nickel in Morus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Populus nigra L. leaves taken from industrial areas including Gaziantep and Bursa cities. In the determination of histidine by HPLC-MS, all of the system parameters such as flow rate of mobile phase, fragmentor potential, injection volume and column temperature were optimized and found to be 0.2 mL min−1, 70 V, 15 µL, and 20°C, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, histidine was extracted from plant sample by distilled water at 90°C for 30 min. Concentrations of histidine as mg kg−1 were found to be between 2–9 for Morus L., 6–13 for Robinia pseudoacacia L., and 2–10 for Populus nigra L. Concentrations of nickel were in the ranges of 5–10 mg kg−1 for Morus L., 3–10 mg kg−1 for Robinia pseudoacacia L., and 0.6–4 mg kg−1 for Populus nigra L. A significant linear correlation (r = 0.78) between histidine and Ni was observed for Populus nigra L., whereas insignificant linear correlation for Robinia pseudoacacia L. (r = 0.22) were seen. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 0.025 mg Ni L−1 and 0.075 mg Ni L−1, respectively.