This study put forward two methods to gain the human activity space data based on Vicon motion capture system, which were key frame superstitious method and key points combination method, and described the process of data processing and the extraction of human activity space data. The advantages and disadvantages were concluded through the comparison and analysis of the two methods. This study can provide reference for the extraction of human activity space.


Having experienced nearly one hundred years of exploration and development, the culture industry in western countries has formed a whole set of mature and efficient mode of operation in terms of abundant funds, science and technology, market operations and resource allocation. Under the conditions of economic and cultural globalization, the allocation of cultural resources in these countries has increasingly presented new developmental features. Therefore, we should summarize the new characteristics in the western allocation of cultural resources, find out the weaknesses in that of China, and use the western experience to integrate China's resources and increase its allocation efficiency.


The image segmentation result based on level set typically depends on the appropriate manual initial contour. In this paper, we introduce an autonomous approach for deciding the initial level set contour to be close to the actual boundary as far as possible, and the decided initial contour can be directly evolved by various level set methods. Such an improvement can speed up the evolution and lead to a more robust segmentation result. Then, we consider the statistical information of three distinct regions to construct a new level set model, including contour, contour inside and outside. Combining the two steps above is helpful to obtain a pretty ideal segmentation effect. Some remarkable results and shorter execution time for some difficult segmentation tasks shown in this paper demonstrate the potential of our innovative approach.


The cochlear lateral wall is now recognized as playing an important role in the maintenance of cochlear homeostasis, but there are few descriptions of its role in cochlear inflammation. Our studies show that the inflamed cochlea accumulates the serum proteins albumin and fibrinogen as well as inflammatory cells in the spiral ligament (SL). At the same time, the SL fibrocytes in the inflamed cochlea show decreased staining for gap junction protein Connexin 26. These findings suggest that disruption of the SL fibrocytes is involved in the hearing disturbance caused by cochlear inflammation. In this context, we also discuss our future research plans involving SL fibrocyte culture.


Folded waveguide is the most mature slow-wave structure for submillimeter-wave and terahertz travelling-wave tubes (TWTs). The UV-LIGA process of the folded waveguide for 850GHz TWTs is introduced. In which a new RD-2050 photoresist is employed instead of commonly used SU-8. Good RD-2050 patterns are achieved repeatedly under optimized processing conditions. The critical dimensional (narrow side of $\mathbf{25\mu m}$) accuracy of the structure is better than $\mathbf{1.2\mu{m}}$ with a nearly vertical profile.


A transparent display apparatus includes a lower panel on which a shutter region and a light emitting region are horizontally arranged, an upper panel covering the shutter region and the light emitting region and including a shutter region facing the lower panel, a light emitting device, and a shutter device. The shutter device includes a lower electrode and an electrochromic material layer which are successively stacked in the shutter region of the lower panel, an upper electrode arranged in the recess region of the upper panel, and an electrolyte layer filling a space between the electrochromic material layer and the upper electrode. Accordingly, the present invention can easily inject the electrolyte layer and form the electrolyte layer with a sufficient thickness.


1.4 Wall hung water closet carrier should be for syphon jet or blowout closet as required, and should include adjustable extension with gasket, studs, hardware and chrome plated cap nuts necessary to secure fixture to the support, and shall be fitted with block base support bolted to the floor so that the carrier will not depend on wall construction for support. The carrier should be used in conjunction with an approved drainage fitting with a 2-inch vent connection.


Using the recently extended 2D improved Particle Acceleration and Transport in the Heliosphere (iPATH) model, we model an example gradual solar energetic particle event as observed at multiple locations. Protons and ions that are energized via the diffusive shock acceleration mechanism are followed at a 2D coronal mass ejection-driven shock where the shock geometry varies across the shock front. The subsequent transport of energetic particles, including cross-field diffusion, is modeled by a Monte Carlo code that is based on a stochastic differential equation method. Time intensity profiles and particle spectra at multiple locations and different radial distances, separated in longitudes, are presented. The results shown here are relevant to the upcoming Parker Solar Probe mission.


Durum wheat is an important food crop in the world and an endemic species of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In the highlands of Ethiopia and the oases of the Sahara this crop has been cultivated for thousands of years. Today, smallholder farmers still grow it on marginal lands to assure production for their own consumption. However, durum wheat is no longer just a staple crop for food security but has become a major cash crop. In fact, the pasta, burghul and couscous industry currently purchase durum grain at prices 10 to 20% higher than that of bread wheat. Africa as a whole imports over €4 billion per year of durum grain to provide the raw material for its food industry. Hence, African farmers could obtain a substantial share of this large market by turning their production to this crop. Here, the achievements of the durum breeding program of Ethiopia are revised to reveal a steep acceleration in variety release and adoption over the last decade. Furthermore, the variety release for Mauritania and Senegal is described to show how modern breeding methods could be used to deliver grain yields above 3 t ha−1 in seasons of just 92 days of length and in daytime temperatures always above 32 °C. This review describes the potential of releasing durum wheat varieties adapted to all growing conditions of SSA, from the oases of the Sahara to the highlands of Ethiopia. This indicates that the new breeding technologies offer great promise for expanding the area of durum wheat production in SSA but that this achievement remains primarily dependent on the market ability to purchase these grains at a higher price to stimulate farmer adoption. The critical importance of connecting all actors along the semolina value chain is presented in the example of Oromia, Ethiopia and that success story is then used to prompt a wider discussion on the potential of durum wheat as a crop for poverty reduction in Africa.


Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) combined with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare clinical condition and sometimes creates a therapeutic dilemma for clinicians, since anticoagulation risks aneurysmal rupture1. A 34-year-old man without remarkable history presented with migratory abdominal pain followed by severe alternating bilateral flank pain within 10 days. Acute abdomen was suspected while he was brought to our emergency department. Abdominal computed tomography with contrast (Figure 1A) revealed bilateral renal wedge-shaped infarction and a suspicious renal arterial aneurysm. Renal angiogram (Figure 1B and 1C) showed multiple microaneurysms at bilateral renal arteries, with severely narrowed arterial branches with thrombosis and multiple infarcted areas. Acute deterioration of renal function and new-onset marked hypertension were noted upon admission. The serum level of D-dimer was elevated and the diluted Russell Viper Venom test time (dRVVT) was positive. There was no other detectable autoantibody, and the patient tested negative for hepatitis B infection. Renal biopsy showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis without evidence of glomerulonephritis or small-vessel vasculitis. Enoxaparin was given, and his renal function returned to normal range after 2 courses of pulsed methylprednisolone with gradually tapering doses of oral prednisolone and monthly pulsed intravenous cyclophosphamide treatment for 6 months. His hypertension disappeared gradually after an additional right renal arterial stent. Although renal involvement is not uncommon in PAN, simultaneous involvement of bilateral renal arteries with infarction is very rare2; this may be a manifestation of the complicated APS in our case. The extent of organ involvement reflects disease severity of PAN, and initial aggressive treatment with immunosuppressants may improve the prognosis of severe cases3.


Renewable abundant ocean kinetic energy has become increasingly popular as a consequence of strong ecological viable concerns and economical energy solutions in remote island communities. However, the integration of dispersed renewable tidal energy will pose a greater challenge to the power quality of distribution networks in remote areas due to fluctuation of the tidal stream velocity. The paper presents the dynamic simulation of novel stabilisation scheme with coordinated hybrid controller developed by the second author. The tidal energy converter system comprises four key parts. The tidal turbine drives an induction generator and stabilised using the novel modulated power filter MPFC and SVC compensator. The standalone renewable energy scheme feeds a hybrid electric load. The proposed integrated tidal green energy conversion scheme with all subsystems has been digitally simulated using the Matlab/Simulink/Sim-Power software environment. The novel filter compensator scheme with the dynamic error driven hybrid controller developed by the second author was fully validated.


The rhizosphere has been known to contain rich microbial community which is directly influenced by secretions of roots. Rhizosphere microbes are known to have various benefits such as protection of plant from pathogens and toxic compounds, producing plant growth hormone, nitrogen fixation, and solubilizing phosphate. The objective of this study was to obtain rhizosphere bacteria capable of inhibiting the growth Fusarium oxysporum which is common pathogen attaching Capsicum annum. Bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere C. annum of local farm in Kabanjahe North Sumatra. Nine isolates based on morphological performance and biochemical analyses were obtained. Antagonistic test showed that two isolates BR6 and BR9 inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum with inhibition rate of 60% and 52%, respectively after 7 days incubation. These isolates also exhibited the activity to solubilize phosphate in Pikovskaya media with solubility index of 3.04 and 2.77, respectively. The other isolate BR5 even showed higher phosphate solubility index (3.42). These results suggest these isolates may have important role to support the growth of C. annum by providing protection from pathogens and phosphate ion. Then, study on the control of F. oxysporum attack on C. annum seedlings using these potential isolates is in process in our laboratory, as well as their molecular identification based on 16S rRNA.


In this paper, we present an approach of image retrieval by content in an object oriented database. The content of image includes automatically extracted features such as colors, textures, and manually extracted features such as relevant regions, shapes, key words and texts. All these features and their behaviors are represented in an object-oriented database. Finally a KD-tree is used to model the inner of features, and to support efficiently the match engine.


When people arrive in the UK the general response is one of welcome, certainly where those arrivals embrace our national values of freedom under the law and mutual tolerance. Newcomers can be successfully absorbed, but it does take time to build this national 'esprit de corps.' [...] And without it, community cohesion suffers. And that feeds the double headed monster of extremism and intolerance.


The discovery of RNAi becomes a powerful tool in the regulation of gene expression by different types of RNA. RNAi and miRNA technologies of gene silencing are newly developed genomics tools. They have great advantages over antisense and co-suppression. They have higher silencing efficiency and shortened time period for screening of the targeted plants. The regulations by miRNA have become a potent approach to understand the function of individual gene. It has also proved useful for molecular breeders to produce improved crop varieties. This review focus on the biosynthesis of miRNA, history of miRNA, role of RNAi and microRNA for improving the nutritional value of plants, few example of successful production of improved crop varieties using this technology.


It has been mentioned that, the existence of some terms in Darcy's law are the result of the up-scaling method applied to the Stokes flow problem at the pore-scale. To address this debate, in this work we perform, at the pore-scale, flow simulations in a free fluid/porous medium system using different models of granular porous media. The local velocity obtained from the Stokes equation allows to obtain the Darcy-scale velocity profiles by a direct averaging instead of using the up-scaled model. The results show the existence of a smooth transition zone in the average velocity profiles near the free fluid/porous medium inter-region. The size and shape of such transition zone depend on the size of the averaging domain and they are a result of averaging local quantities and not a result of solving average equations. In this way, we confirm the existence of an average velocity boundary layer (i.e. Brinkman boundary layer); thus the pertinence of considering other terms in Darcy's law can be certainly justified. We have also determined the extension of the influence of the flow in the free fluid inside the porous medium and the perturbation of the flow in porous medium on the flow in the free fluid.


beginning of this century. From the point of view of world history seventy-five years are a short period of time, but in the life of the American Schools three-quarters of a century are packed with activities and accomplishments. The history of the Schools is so vast that a brief article commemorating the diamond jubilee of ASOR can touch only on the highlights of that era. Hopefully justice will be done to the myriad of people who played a role in the life of the American Schools in the forthcoming volume on the history of ASOR. To understand the Sitz-im-Leben of the American Schools it is necessary to look back far beyond the year 1900. The birth of our organization was part of a phenomenon that had its beginnings several generations earlier. Confining ourselves to the major influences on the eventual establishment of ASOR, the most prominent name that comes to mind is Edward Robinson, the man who deserves to be called the founder of the scientific topography of Palestine. The achievement of this great explorer of the 19th century signaled the beginning of a new era in our study of Palestine. Several factors favored his undertaking. In the first place, he was a trained scholar, a disciple of the illustrious Old Testament professor, Moses Stuart, who is often referred to as the father of modern biblical studies in America. Together they contributed notably to biblical scholarship in the areas of lexicography, philology and exegesis. If America's contribution to biblical archaeology can be called great, it is due largely to the pioneering efforts of Robinson. It was he who conducted the first scientific exploration of Palestine. Among topographers and geographers of the modern period perhaps only Abel, Alt, Albright and Glueck were of the stature of Robinson. His success in accurately identifying over a hundred biblical sites was attributable in some degree to his traveling companion, Eli Smith, a missionary in Lebanon. His familiarity with the land was coupled with a knowledge of Arabic, which was a significant help in determining place-names in Palestine. As evidence of ASOR's indebtedness to Edward Robinson, a joint centennial program was presented in New York in 1938 by the American Schools, the Society of Biblical Literature and the Archaeological Institute of America, to honor the memory of this great pioneer. Four papers were presented on that occasion: "Edward Robinson and is Early Successors" (W. J. Moulton); "Edward Robinson as Biblical Scholar" (J. A. Bewer); "Edward Robinson and the Historical Geography of Palestine" (A. Alt); "Edward Robinson and the Identification of Biblical Sites" (F. M. Abel). Mention must also be made of the Palestine Exploration Fund, founded in 1865 to systematize the exploration of the Holy Land. Its establishment was directly influenced by the achievements of Robinson. Between 1871 and 1878 a survey of the country west of the Jordan was made by Conder and Kitchener. A survey east of the Jordan was conducted by the German Palestine Society. The w rk of Tobler, Schumacher and others must be passed over in silence at this time, though all contributed indirectly to the establishment of ASOR. If Robinson's efforts in 1838 and 1852 marked the beginning of scientific exploration in Palestine, the work of Sir Flinders Petrie at Tell el-Hesi in 1890 under the auspices of the Palestine Exploration Fund signaled the start of scientific excavation. It was he who made field archaeologists aware of the importance of pottery for purposes of dating. The parameters of Syro-Palestinian archaeology were set by Petrie with his grasp of ceramic chronology, coupled with the stratigraphic skills of his student and successor at Hesi, Frederick Bliss, an American. Thirty years before Reisner introduced "modern methods of recording," Petrie was insisting that every artifact be photographed and otherwise properly recorded. Building on the achievements of both Robinson and Petrie, W. F. Albright went beyond them in many ways. He transformed ceramic typology into a systematic discipline and used it as his tool in dating remains, something Robinson was unable to do on his surface surveys. Considering the origins of ASOR, three parent


Myosteatosis has been reported to be a novel biomarker that could predict survival outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. However, results have been conflicting. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the long‐term impact of myosteatosis on the survival of these patients.


The authors describe the application of a math trail activity used in a college classroom of future mathematics teachers to model with mathematics. In this activity, pre-service teachers select a location in their community, discover and design five trail heads, model situations using mathematical strategies learned in class, and share in a write-up or presentation. Insights about facilitating a math trail for mathematical modeling are provided, along with suggestions for teachers interested in using math trails in other contexts.


Hydrogen production was investigated from organic wastes. We used anaerobic bacterium, Enterobacter cloacae YJ-1 and photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobacter spaeroides KCTC 1425 by single or mixed culture. In single culture from fruit wastes using anaerobic bacterium, the amounts of produced hydrogen were 2505.3mL/L of watermelon waste, 2690.4mL/L of peach waste and 2227.5mL/L of melon waste, respectively. But those of Takju wastewater were only 271.8mL/L of anaerobic bacterium and 195.2mL/L of photosynthetic bacterium. To enhance hydrogen production, mixed culture of Enterobacter cloacae YJ-1 and Rhodobacter spaeroides KCTC 1425 was performed. The highest amount of hydrogen production showed when the ratio of inoculation was 20:80.


Fuzzy clustering algorithms have been widely used to reveal the possible hidden structure of data. However, with the increasing of data amount, large scale data has brought genuine challenges for fuzzy clustering. Most fuzzy clustering algorithms suffer from the long time-consumption problem since a large amount of distance calculations are involved to update the solution per iteration. To address this problem, we introduce the popular anchor graph technique into fuzzy clustering and propose a scalable fuzzy clustering algorithm referred to as Scalable Fuzzy Clustering with Anchor Graph (SFCAG). The main characteristic of SFCAG is that it addresses the scalability issue plaguing fuzzy clustering from two perspectives: anchor graph construction and membership matrix learning. Specifically, we select a small number of anchors and construct a sparse anchor graph, which is beneficial to reduce the computational complexity. We then formulate a trace ratio model, which is parameter-free, to learn the membership matrix of anchors to speed up the clustering procedure. In addition, the proposed method enjoys linear time complexity with the data size. Extensive experiments performed on both synthetic and real world datasets demonstrate the superiority (both effectiveness and scalability) of the proposed method over some representative large scale clustering methods.


[1] Conversions of compressional seismic waves to electric fields have been measured in two boreholes drilled in an unconfined sandy aquifer on the Gnangara Mound near Perth, Australia. The seismoelectric conversions at both field sites occurred in the vicinity of the water table at 13-m depth and yielded maximum amplitudes of 1 μV/m using a sledgehammer source on surface. Partially cemented layers, inferred from geological and geophysical logs, straddle the water table and may play a role in generating the conversion and influencing its amplitude distribution. The dense vertical sampling used in these borehole experiments reveals spatial and temporal polarity reversals of the interfacial signal which provide new evidence in support of the conceptual model for seismoelectric conversions at interfaces. We demonstrate that the growth rate of the source zone and its maximum vertical extent below the water table are encoded in the polarity of the interfacial signal. These experiments confirm that vertical seismoelectric profiling can be used to gain further insight into seismoelectric conversions and characteristics of interfaces that makes them amenable to detection.


This article discusses the efforts of two liaison librarians at William Russell Pullen Library, Georgia State University, to build a long‐term, sustainable partnership among teaching faculty, graduate students, and librarians in the development and maintenance of a Web‐based research guide for world history. The projects' goals are: to provide access to the resources available at Pullen Library; to serve as a gateway to resources available on the Internet; and to showcase student contributions, including bibliographies and annotations of Web sites. The project is an organic endeavor, with the Web site's organization open to periodic review and modification. Continuous discussions and mutual criticisms have marked the progress of the project. The authors see the success of this venture as a way to collaborate with more faculty, and increase the level of student participation on an ongoing basis.


In article the international practice of the management and financial account, national standards of the various countries is described. The author shows necessity of development of similar standards for the Russian Federation. Standards are necessary for introducing up to 2010 In article the provisional amount of works for realization of these actions is estimated.


Objective To investigate the level of depression in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN).Methods Seventy-three patients with IgAN were investigated with questionnaire of self rating depressive scale (SDS).Results 45 percent of these patients had clinical features of depression.Tiredness,hyposexuality, hebetude,irritability,depression,hypoability,insommia, uneasiness, vacuity and inutility were more common. Most of these patients were educated manual worker (P0.05). The level of depression was related with disease course and marriage statue (P0.05), while not with the severity of IgAN.Conclusions Patients with IgAN have symptoms of depression to a certain extent. Doctors should pay close attention to their mentality and emotion in diagnosis and treatment of the patients with IgAN.


ABSTRACT The paper analyzes the reasons for the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. It examines both the stated goals and the deeper reasons, noting that the invasion owes more to the imperialistic policies of the Russian leadership than a desire to remove a "neo-Nazi" government in Kyiv or to protect the quasi-states of Donetsk and Luhansk. It looks also at hostile Russian attitudes toward the European Union, NATO, and the United States and the importance of the capture of Mariupol as a pathway to Crimea. It observes that the attacks on civilians and atrocities that Russia has perpetrated to date reveal a desire to end Ukrainian statehood and expand further into territories of the former tsarist empire. The costs of the war and the economic limitations of Russia are likely to undermine such ambitions.


Restricted and stifled by increasing parochialism of repetitive 'gap spotting' practices, more methods, explanations, and devices are being explicated to stimulate creativity in theorizing to advan...


The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and testing of a 3-D local coordinate system for assessing wrist biomechanics during wheelchair propulsion. Vectors centered at the ulnar styloid define planes of the wrist and thus flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation, and supination/pronation can be determined. The three predominant forces occurring during the propulsion phase are a shear force acting from radial to ulnar styloid, a shear force acting from palmar to dorsal surface, and a compressive force acting along the long axis of the wrist and forearm. The largest moment acts in the direction of ulnar deviation, not flexion or extension. This study demonstrates the importance of using a 3-D local coordinate space for assessing wrist kinetics during wheelchair propulsion and further work will provide insight into possible injury mechanisms.


Dialogue is at the very center of linguistic activity. It must therefore be at the center of the teaching of modern languages. This is the basic position of the present thesis, as applied to the teaching of Russian. After a survey of the existing works on dialogue in the Russian and French traditions, the thesis analyzes a large recorded corpus of spontaneous Russian dialogues and demonstrates concretely that in order to make use of it pedagogically it is necessary first to have a typology, both linguistic and pragmatic, of the dialogues. Finally the thesis examines, from this point of view, several existing handbooks, and formulates a certain number of concrete proposals whose aim is to achieve a real didactics of dialogue.


In this paper, we describe the fixed locus of a symplectic involution on a hyper‐Kähler manifold of type K3[n]$K3^{[n]}$ or of Kummer n$n$ type. We prove that the fixed locus consists of finitely many copies of deformations of Hilbert schemes of K3$K3$ surfaces of lower dimensions and isolated fixed points.


JiaGuWen image segmentation is a challenge because of their illegible writing, serious noises and broken strokes. We propose a new segmentation method based on MRF and fuzzy clustering because of their good performance in image segmentation. The segmentation is based on a new random function considering both ambiguity and spatial relationship of image pieds simultaneously. The New adaptive balance coefficient is computed according to the gray level of the considering pixel and the mean, standard deviation of the neighbor. The final value of the new random function is searching by iteration. The experiments show that the new method has good performance for JiaGuWen image segmentation.


In the process of SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping), an essential link is data association. Data association provides the basis for state estimation to ensure that the robot can make full use of the obtained environmental information to realize positioning and mapping. Aiming at the problems of low association accuracy of current single target data association algorithm and difficult calculation of multi-target data association algorithm, a bat optimized multi-target data association algorithm based on joint maximum likelihood is proposed to ensure accurate data association processing results, and reduce the computational complexity of SLAM algorithm. It is based on joint maximum likelihood, The multi-objective data association problem is transformed into an optimization problem to solve the optimal combination, and the bat optimization algorithm is used to search the optimal data association. The slam process of the mobile robot experiments show that the proposed bat optimized data association algorithm improves the rapidity and accuracy of slam process of mobile robot.


This is a brief introduction to the Visualizing and Quantify Drugs in Tissue Conference. It will briefly review the conference and its schedule and invite participation during the day.


ABSTRACT The radial position of the flax fibers as reinforcement and polypropylene (pp) fibers as matrix was altered using friction spinning in three distinctive sequences from core to sheath, namely, (a) pp-flax-flax-pp (PFFP), (b) flax-pp-flax-pp (FPFP), and (c) flax-flax-pp-pp (FFPP). Interestingly, at the towpregs stage, PFFP demonstrated higher tensile characteristics than FPFP and FFPP. The towpregs were consolidated to yield three unidirectional composites (UDCs), namely, UDC-PFFP, UDC-FPFP, and UDC-FFPP, using compression molding. The tensile strength of the composites ( ) was contrary to the breaking load (f) of the corresponding towpregs ( ) which necessitated the current investigation. Remarkably, the UDC with the lowest tensile as well as interlaminar shear strength i.e. UDC-PFFP, yielded the maximum energy absorption in Charpy and Notch impact tests. In the towpreg, the flax fibers when placed at the core position, slid over each other resulting in poor strength in FFPP while post-curing the pp matrix impregnated the core flax fibers in UDC-FFPP, resulting in the highest strength amongst the three UDCs in tensile and flexural modes. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) was carried out to confirm the same. Thus, the user can select the requisite fiber-matrix radial positions within towpreg to suit the ultimate applications.


This study investigates the listening skills of students at secondary school. In this context, this study focuses on identifying students' listening problems according to teacher perspectives and examining the causes of these problems. It also aims to find out how teachers address these issues and the types of solutions they propose. In order to meet these objectives, case study with a qualitative research design was conducted. Participants were identified according to the purposive sampling method. Data were collected from ten teachers working at different secondary schools at a variety of levels using a criterion sampling approach. Data were also collected through semi-structured interviews. The qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The study's findings indicated that the secondary school students struggled to understand listening rules, listen to courses, comprehend what they listen to and increase their motivation during lessons. Additionally, the results indicated the causes of the problems, and of the types of suggestions that could be made to resolve them. Seven themes emerged in the study as a result of teachers' perspectives, consisting of; the family, the environment, readiness, the speaker, the listener, education and listening materials. When the source of the listening problems is examined, the family structure and the lack of emphasis placed on the listening process by families, the lack of appropriate environmental conditions, the inability of students to be drawn to the listening material and the teacher, and the lack of awareness are highlighted. The outcomes of resolving these problems include providing the necessary learning environment and materials for increased listening, improving teacher self-development, creating an environment in which students can learn through doing, cooperating with family, school, environment and teacher and to eliminating the lack of education.


In order to make adjustments that will help better meet the needs of new students, orientation directors must constantly evaluate their programs. The decisions that are made should be individualized to each individual college or university and the type of students it enrolls. Student populations are changing, and orientation staffs need to be aware of these changes and adjust their programs accordingly. This article explores the history, trends, purpose, participants, and goals of orientation programs.


The article considers the innovative and investment policy are cumulative parts of an effective regional policy aimed at improving the investment and innovation potential of the region and the optimization of its development.


Combining with specific engineering example,it introduces the application of static breakage technology in demolition engineering,and points out that this technology solves some problems in demolition engineering,such as particular parts construction safety and construction progress.Through field test and application,it has achieved good security and economic effect.


We describe the steps involved in performing searches for sources of transient radio emission such as Rotating Radio Transients (RRATs), and present 10 new transient radio sources discovered in a re-analysis of the Parkes Multi-beam Pulsar Survey. Followup observations of each new source as well as one previously known source are also presented. The new sources suggest that the population of transient radio-emitting neutron stars, and hence the neutron star population in general, may be even larger than initially predicted. We highlight the importance of radio frequency interference excision for single-pulse searches. Also, we discuss some interesting properties of individual sources and consider the difficulties involved in precisely defining a RRAT and determining where they fit in with the other known classes of neutron stars.


Corn was grown at 86 000 plants/ha and at 129 000 plants/ha and fertilized with nitrogen at rates of 150 and 200 kg/ha in order to determine the effect of population and N-fertilization on field production, silage preservation and animal performance. Silages from the four field treatments were offered ad libitum to Hereford steers during 112 days. Within each of the corn treatments, half of the animals were supplemented with 450 g of soybean meal (48% protein). Under field conditions characteristic of this trial, the higher plant populations and higher nitrogen levels failed to increase corn silage yields and resulted in lower ear production, later maturing plants and a higher plant moisture content at harvest. The trends were most noticeable in the high plant population treatments. The quality of the silage was not affected by the different treatments. No significant differences for total N, soluble N, NH3-N, lactic acid and acetic acid were noted among silages. Animal intake was increased with silages p...


Incidents like the Chelyabinsk meteor airburst in 2013 show the potential dangers of a meteor impact on modern human civilization. However, not much is known about meteor impacts, including frequency of high impact bursts, typical size and composition. We propose the development of a Space Weather and Meteor Impact Monitoring Network (SWIMNet). SWIMNet will be composed of two observer CubeSats located in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to autonomously detect and track meteor trails in the Earth's atmosphere. A third CubeSat will contain a 2 kg meteorite that will be deployed on an Earth reentry trajectory. The observer satellites, combined with ground telescopes will track this artificial reentry event and be used to validate the autonomous detection and tracking algorithms. Beyond this demonstration, the observer satellites will operate in Earth orbit for up to 1 year and detect natural meteor trails. The proposed mission utilizes off-the-shelf CubeSat technology and points towards a feasible pathway for further development.


The development of nanobiotechnology provides an efficient strategy to improve the therapeutic outcome of various therapeutic modalities against cancer. In this work, we successfully constructed a novel multifunctional theranostic platform based on Bi2S3-embeded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite capsules (Bi2S3–PLGA) to realize the highly efficient ultrasound-guided synergistic brachytherapy. The as-synthesized hydrophobic Bi2S3 nanodots were encapsulated into PLGA capsules to form Bi2S3–PLGA composite capsules by a simple but efficient water/oil/water (W/O/W) emulsion approach. The composite Bi2S3–PLGA capsules exhibit excellent contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging performance in the prostate tumor-bearing nude mice model, which could accurately indicate the location of a radiation source. More importantly, this research has demonstrated for the first time both in vitro and in vivo that Bi2S3–PLGA capsules could function as an efficient radiosensitizer for synergistic brachytherapy. Thus, the elaborately designed novel Bi2S3–PLGA capsules based on nano-biotechnology provides an efficient protocol for enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of ultrasound imaging-guided brachytherapy against cancer.


The general solution of an algebraic differential equation depends on the initial conditions, though it is in general too difficult to make explicit the shape of the relationship. Painlevé studied in [8] algebraic differentia] equations of second order with the general solutions depending rationally on the initial conditions and the solvability of such equations. Giving the precise definition of the notion "rational dependence on the initial conditions", Umemura [10] revived and generalized rigorously the discussion of Painlevé in the language of modern algebraic geometry. The theorem of Umemura is as follows; Let K be a differential field extension of complex number field C generated by a finite number of meromorphic functions on some domain in C . Let y be the general solution of a given algebraic differential equation over K. Suppose that y depends rationally on the initial conditions. Then it is contained in the terminal Km of a finite chain of differential field extensions: K = K0 ⊂ K1 ⊂… ⊂Km such that each Ki is strongly normal over Ki−1 .


This paper introduces a strategy for assessing the practical frameworks that government managers use to guide e-government investment decisions. A gap analysis strategy is outlined here and a preliminary application of the analysis is presented using a single e-government investment decision making framework. The gap analysis strategy serves two purposes; to inform the design, development, and use of e-government investment decision making tools and processes; and to propose a strategy for informing the ongoing debate about information systems research relevance.


A new concept in illuminated road-studs is described where electrical power is magnetically coupled from wires buried in the surface of a road to drive electronic circuitry in the stud. There is no physical contact between the wires and the stud giving high reliability, robustness, and insensitivity to environmental conditions while allowing the stud to produce highly visible lighting under all driving conditions thereby allowing a new range of highway control options to a traffic engineer. The paper discusses the stud's operating principles, and its interdisciplinary design and construction. It outlines some potential applications for the stud and proposes further developments to give yet wider choice to roadway systems' designers.


Taking the opportunity of "96598" hotline network information service platform construction of the traffic police bureau in Jingzhou City, using the existing resources, the project designs and realizes a new network information service platform. The system hardware and software integration solutions are given in detail. Practice has proved that the construction of system promoted the traffic police' capacity of information access and emergency disposing. It has a good demonstration and promotion effect.


Micro‐hot embossing is a highly effective process for fabricating micro‐devices with microfeatures in polymeric materials. One of the most troublesome problems in precision machinery industry is the time and expense needed to produce a mold for microreplication. Epoxy resin mold has been successfully employed for microreplication using micro‐hot embossing. However, the junction of the groove and sprue of the backing plate has serious local stress concentration, leading to the reduction of lifespan of a precision epoxy resin mold during the micro‐hot embossing molding. This work presents an effective method for enhancing the lifespan of a precision epoxy resin mold using reduction of local stress concentration. The numerical models were developed for predicting the maximum stress using ANSYS software. The ANSYS simulations have been carried out and the predicted results show good agreement with experimental tests. The junction of the groove and sprue of the backing plate was machined with chamfer to revaluate lifespan of the epoxy resin mold using micro‐hot embossing molding. Micro‐hot embossing verification test showed that the lifespan of epoxy resin mold with chamfer is about 2.2 times that of the conventional epoxy resin mold.


This research aimed to prove of the preventive effect of green tea leaves extract
(Camellia sinensis) on rats (Rattus norvegicus) that induced by mercuric chloride.
Thirty rats were divided into five groups with different treatments and administered
through orally for 20 days. The treatment consist of negative control (CMC Na 1%
solution + aquadest), positive control (CMC Na 1% solution + 8 mg/kg bw of
mercury chloride), treatment 1, 2 and 3 (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg bw of green tea
leaves extract respectively + 8 mg/kg bw of mercuric chloride). Scoring data was
analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and continued with Mann-Whitney U test to see the
significant difference (p<0.05) between all treatment. Result analysis is there are a
significant difference between negative control and positive control that indicate
mercuric chloride significantly decreased the necrosis and degeneration of liver
cells and treatment 3 (800 mg/kg bw) gave the best prevention for histopathology
necrosis and degeneration of liver cells. The conclusion is green tea leaves extract
could protect rats liver from the damage effect of mercuric chloride.


The vibrational spectrum of Ar2HF in the 11 320–11 430 cm−1 region is recorded by intracavity laser-induced fluorescence. The intramolecular vibrational state, Σ0, in combination with the intermolecular vibrations, assigned as Πin-plane, Πout-of-plane and Σ1, of the complex have been observed. The Σ0 state correlates adiabatically with j=0 of HF (v=3); the Πin-plane, Πout-of-plane, and Σ1 states correlate adiabatically with j=1 of HF (v=3), respectively. We have determined the vibrational band origins (and rotational constants) of ν0=11 323.784 cm−1 (A=0.120 15, B=0.058 30, C=0.038 94 cm−1), ν0=11 387.730 cm−1 (A=0.122 68, B=0.057 05, C=0.038 42 cm−1), ν0=11 426.815 cm−1 (A=0.120 27, B=0.058 15, C=0.038 71 cm−1) and ν0=11 427.400 cm−1 (A=0.120 26, B=0.058 15, C=0.038 71 cm−1) for Σ0, Πin-plane, Πout-of-plane, and Σ1 states, respectively. The vibrational red shift for the pure HF stretch from vHF=0–3 is 49.023 cm−1. The in-plane and out-of-plane bending frequencies are 63.947 and 103.031 cm−1. The Σ1 state...


The invention concerns a beverage production device for preparing a beverage by introducing at least one liquid in a receptacle (13) containing a beverage concentrate, said beverage production device comprising : a plurality of nozzles (3, 40, 8, 11) for injecting at least one liquid into the receptacle, and at least one liquid supply means (5, 6)connected to said nozzles, wherein the nozzles are removably fixed in a positioning device (1), said positioning device being made of a flexible material.


In State v. Edwards , 11 A.3d 116 (Conn. 2011), the Connecticut Supreme Court considered whether statements made to police by a defendant before being arrested and advised of his Miranda rights should be admissible in court. In particular, the reasonable-person standard was reviewed to determine


The doctrinal definition of Information Operations (IO) focuses exclusively on offensive and defensive activities. This paper proposes extending the definition of IO to include information efficacy. Then it describes a new approach to military planning and execution called Anticipatory Planning. This paper presents a methodology for building an automated system to support Anticipatory Planning. The methodology described in this paper enables the development of a prototype decision support system (DSS) for military decision makers, called the Anticipatory Planning Support System (APSS). This DSS facilitates in-depth analysis of the voluminous data that is available to military decision makers during the course of military operations through the application of simulation and intelligent agent technologies.


Large-scale scientific computing applications frequently make use of closely-coupled distributed parallel components. The performance of such scientific applications is therefore dependent on the component parts and their interaction at run-time. This paper describes a methodology for predictive performance modelling of parallel applications composed of multiple interacting components. In this paper, the fundamental steps and required operations involved in the modelling process are identified - including inter-component dataflow analysis, M/spl times/N communication performance evaluation and composite performance model evaluation. A case study is presented to illustrate the modelling process and the methodology is verified through experimental analysis.


historians who contributed to James' article very hastily distanced themselves from it, suggesting that one has to tread carefully in accepting James' conclusions. Be that as it may, the chapter's final section confirms that 'the Battle of Britain gave Churchill national power' (p. 328), in which case the term he first coined on 18 June 1940 has arguably retained its resonance down to the present. For those whose understanding of the events of later 1940 is framed by traditional (British-centric, official history) representations of the Battle, this chapter would seem radical in both its content and conclusions, and would certainly cast these events in an unexpected light, but not perhaps – on the basis of this narrative – in its broader transnational context. Given that the series' aim as a whole is to offer innovative and perhaps provocative interpretations of previously settled aspects of the war, one is left with the impression that the chapter's overall thrust and conclusions are geared principally to meeting this ambition. For the informed reader, however, these are not especially new perspectives. A more rounded assessment would have avoided a sense that its narrative is based on an arguably narrow range of sources. For example, accounts not chiming with the authors' principally German-influenced historical interpretation are cast aside, including Wheatley's 1958 argument that SEALION preparations were serious – this dismissal based on two German historians' studies (p. 319). Not cited, Taylor's influential The Breaking Wave (1967), an American view, echoes Wheatley, arguing for a substantial if misguided effort. Additionally, the chapter's authors might have benefited from a closer reading of each other's work so as to ensure consistency, the avoidance of repetition, and a more integrated narrative. Beyond this, and in noting the various factual inaccuracies as above, it is not possible for the reviewer to venture further in commenting upon the volume's overall qualitative content. This substantial, comprehensive account of the Second World War is absorbing, well-written and edited, with maps, organizational charts and plates. Many pages have footnotes, typically with between one and four entries, and all chapters benefit from individual bibliographic essays. It is certainly panoramic in its scope, and as a source of scholarship and reference is undoubtedly of immense historiographic value.


This dissertation consolidates the known corpus of the medieval Arabic popular epic (sīrah shaʿbīyah) in order to examine the roles of its female characters and how they relate to power. Borrowing from feminist theory, the study takes as its organizing principle the categories of "power-over," "power-to," and "power-with," showing that how a woman is judged for expressing power depends upon how her actions fit into one of these three categories. Moreover, each expression of power tends to be connected to a woman's familial relationships: sexually available women are usually classified as expressing "power-over," while the nonsexual relationships of sisters and daughters exemplify "power-to." The character of the selfless mother represents the ultimate expression of "power-with." By comparing these characterizations to portrayals of women in religious, historical, and adab works also created during the Middle Periods of Islamic history, we can conclude that the modern perception of women being confined to the private sphere and thus invisible in medieval Arabic literary production is based on ignorance of their ubiquitous and complex roles in more popular forms of literature. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations First Advisor Roger M. Allen


Individual measurement of traits of interest is of great importance for breeding and management decisions in animal production systems. However, measurements are often taken manually, which is laborious and also stressful for the animals. Therefore, the development of fast, precise and indirect measurement methods is paramount. An appealing way for such a task is through computer vision systems (CVS). Hence, the objectives of the current work were: 1) Devise a CVS for autonomous measurement of Nile tilapia body area, length, height, and eccentricity; and 2) Evaluation of linear models for prediction of body weight (BW). The pixels of 822 RGB images of live fish were labeled into background, fish fins or body using the "MTurk" crowdsourcing service. This dataset was then split into training (60% of data) and testing sets for the development of Deep Learning Networks for image segmentation into the three pixel categories. The networks differed in input image size (10 to 40% of original size) and number of encoder/decoder layer stacks (1 to 5). An independent dataset with 831 images was used for validation of the linear predictive models. The results for intersection over union (IoU) show that a network with input of 20% of the original size and 4 encoder/decoder stacks achieved the best results, with IoU on the test dataset of 99, 90 and 64% for background, fish body and fin, respectively (Figure 1). Predicted segmentation from this network on randomly selected images is shown in Figure 2. From the linear models evaluated, the one considering only area as input showed predicted R2 of 0.92 for fish BW (Table 1). In conclusion, the devised CVS was able to correctly separate fish body from background and fins, and a linear model using fish body area as input provided good predictive quality of Nile tilapia BW.


The aim of the study was review all the type B and Type C according with A.O. classification tibial plateau fractures from January 1995 to August 2004 with a minimum follow up of six months. It has been selected all the patients treated with closed surgery. In the treatment of type B fractures we used cannulated screws, sometimes with external fixator. In the treatment of type C fractures we used external fixator. As a result of the technical improvements, in the recent years, external fixation has become a surgical technique not only for the treatment of open fractures but also for the management of comminuted fractures with percutaneous synthesis, since there is no need to open the fracture site. In our recently experience we have used a hybrid fixator which is single-use, pre-assembled and radiolucent.


Exercise is important for everyone to ensure the fitness and healthiness of one's body. Recently, exercise can easily be done even indoors, utilizing technology-based fitness equipment. This condition encourages certain businessmen to set up fitness centers. One of the fitness centers located in Semarang City is Oryza Gym. The purpose of this research is to acknowledge the effect of brand image and brand love on brand loyalty for Oryza Gym's membership card owners. Data acquisition is carried out using questionnaires handed out to 100 respondents, patrons of Oryza Gym Semarang with membership card. The result of the study shows the variables of brand image and brand love on brand loyalty of Oryza Gym Semarang. Correlation coefficient variables of brand image and brand love on brand loyalty show a very strong correlation, and if the brand image and brand love variables increase or decrease, it significantly affects the brand loyalty variable. Thus, based on the results then this study recommends Oryza Gym Semarang to improve both the quality and quantity of fitness equipment, improve the hospitality of the staff, and maximize the role of trainers.


In Cirebon district (2005) research on village midwives's experience in managing birth asphyxia showed mortality of newborns with asphyxia who were referred to the hospitals were still high. This research was aimed to assess referral process, management procedure of referral birth asphyxia cases and quality of care given in the referral hospitals. This study was conducted using qualitative approach focusing on case study method. The result of this study showed that village midwives managed birth asphyxia correctly, but referral of newborn cases was often delayed, because of community factors (finance and delayed decision making by whole family to refer the newborn to the hospitals) and environmental factor (transportation in remote villages was difficult, especially at night. Besides that, referral hospitals were not yet providing adequate emergency care for referral cases of birth asphyxia. These were primarily due to lack of skills in management of birth asphyxia and unavailability of resuscitation device in emergency room.
Key words: Referral health services, asphyxia, newborn


An interactive computer‐assisted linear least‐squares curve‐fitting program is described. The program consists of two parts. The first is designed for first users and, although it allows students to generate basic tables, plots, and fits to their data, it is primarily a teaching introduction to the more sophisticated second part. Linear functions of one or more variables with or without errors may be fitted to data, and very general data transformations are permitted. The program has been tested by over 600 first‐year physics students.


A new procedure is demonstrated to estimate fatigue damage from the viewpoint of internal stress and effective stress. Constant effective stress fatigue tests were carried out in order to get the ES-N (effective stress vs. number of cycles to failure) curve, which was similar to the S-N curve in its shape. Based on the ES-N curve, the cumulative damage or the cumulative cycle ratio was estimated using the fatigue test data under the constant stress amplitude and under the manifold multiple repeated stress in two stress levels.The main results are as follows:(1) The relationship between the effective stress and fatigue damage was independent of load history.(2) The values of cumulative cycle ratio for the broken specimens based on the ES-N curve were around 1. On the other hand, the values for the unbroken specimens were small, and those values were saturated in the early stage of their fatigue process. These estimations based on the ES-N curve were superior to those based on the Miner's rule (S-N curve).(3) It is important that the maximum stress in service is held below the critical effective stress (fatigue limit represented by effective stress) in designing a structural member to be used over a long period.


Stroke rehabilitation procedure with tricycle is arranged according to health standard especially stroke patients. The procedure consists of vital sign examination, Six Minute Walking Test (6MWT), and Fugl Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity (FMA-LE). As the implementation of procedure, five respondents of stroke patients who had passed the critical period and are carrying out physical therapy in RSU Haji Surabaya take therapy by using tricycle. The results showed that the respondents have motor function score improvement from low to very good category. While based on fitness, the respondents have improvement of VO2maks capacity from 27.714 mL/(Kg.min) to 29.424 mL/(Kg.min). It can be said that the tricycle has a great meaning for stroke rehabilitation.


While this conventional ICSI technique has been very successful in humans, it has proven unsuccessful in mice [2]. This is due to a lower viscosity of the ooplasm. Thus wound healing capacity of mouse oocytes is inferior to that of human oocytes. Furthermore, the oolemma of mouse oocytes is much more elastic than that of human oocytes. Successful ICSI in mice was first demonstrated by Kimura and Yanagimachi [3] using piezo-actuated micromanipulation, which is far less traumatic than the conventional method. This method proved to increase survival as well as fertilization rates of oocytes after sperm injection [3].


Ann Kay's letter in the July 1998 "Readers' Comments" of the MEJ expressed her disagreement with my argument that listening should play a more important role in music education (in "Music Education in the Twenty-First Century," November 1997 MEJ). Her letter illustrates clearly the deep, historical division existing in music education in the United States between two points of view as to what effective music education consists of and how to judge its success. The traditional view focuses on performance as the be-all and end-all of music education for everyone, along with the assumption that a high level of performance skill, as measured by, say, the National Assessment of Educational Progress, is a valid indication of success. Kay criticizes a (socalled) "listener-consumer vision" that led to (a nonexistent) "fifty years of teaching music listening appreciation in our schools" but did not produce its (assumed) target of "a steady growth in the numbers of those who listen to complex music such as classical or jazz works." According to Kay, "the trade-off for this has been the comprehensive skill development of generations of children," which, apparently, means that music education has become unsuccessful. There is an alternative view of success, which, while recognizing the essentiality of performance as an integral component of music education, accepts the reality that only a very small minority (some 9-12 percent) of students choose to become involved in some substantial way with performance, despite its widespread availability in schools. It also involves the understanding that classical Western music and jazz are now and have always been musics of first choice for relatively few people. The success of music education, in this view, rests on how effectively we engage students in all the many ways music can be experienced, as the standards delineate, and open their awareness of and ability to share the many musics in our multimusical world. Success consists not of how many people elect to become performers or of what kinds of music they prefer, but of how well they are enabled to make informed, intelligent decisions as to the levels and kinds of musical involvement they choose to incorporate into their lives. Unfortunately, we are unable, at present, to accurately evaluate success as so conceived. The standards are historically important in their recognition that essential musical learnings must include but transcend performance. The crucial issue, of course, is one of balance among the diversity of musical learnings the standards include, not of some imagined competition between performing and listening. Present and past music education has been massively focused on performance. We offer little else after grade 7 or 8, and programs in K-7 or 8 are often dominated by singing and playing-not by teaching "music listening appreciation," as Kay claims. Yet with all this long-standing dominance of performance of classical musics, traditional music education seems to have had little effect on success as Kay defines it. We should not be surprised. The issue of what successful music education consists of is far more com-


We set A = 0.1, ω = 2π/10, and ε = 0.1. The forward FTLE of this flow is shown in Fig. 1 (a) and the forward DBS is shown in (b). Now, we add different amounts of isotropic Gaussian noise. The transport uncertainty is thus constant everywhere and the DBS is not affected by changing the absolute scale of noise. However, for increasing amounts of noise the assumption of small deviations is no longer valid. The behavior of the uncertain flow is visualized by stochastic integration of a large amount of particles and mapping their density in (c), (g), and (k), which illustrates the separatrices in the flow. For small deviations, these visualizations align with the DBS. With increasing amounts of noise, barriers with a low DBS value are no longer visible. The FTLE-D, obtained by averaging the right Cauchy-Green strain tensor, and the probabilistic D-FTLE from Guo et al. [2] similarly illustrate the influence of adding more noise. In the main paper, we employ the double gyre dataset reduced to a discrete grid of size [256×128×10] and estimated a Gaussian error model. The resulting variance and covariance averaged over time are visualized in Fig. 2. The amount of variance (d, e) and covariance (f) varies periodically. In contrast, the transport uncertainty shown in the main paper directly visualizes the impact of the uncertainty on the advected tracer particles.


A technique is described by which the computing time required for the fast-Fourier-transform algorithm can be reduced at the expense of frequency resolution, with no reduction in accuracy.


Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the authors investigate the mechanical response of silicon to high dose ion-irradiation. The authors employ a realistic model to directly simulate ion beam induced amorphization. Structural properties of the amorphized sample are compared with experimental data and results of other simulation studies. The authors find the behavior of the irradiated material is related to the rate at which it can relax. Depending upon the ability to deform, the authors observe either the generation of a high compressive stress and subsequent expansion of the material, or generation of tensile stress and densification. The authors note that statistical material properties, such as radial distribution functions are not sufficient to differentiate between the different densities of the amorphous samples. For any reasonable deformation rate, the authors observe an expansion of the target upon amorphization in agreement with experimental observations. This is in contrast to simulations of quenching which usually result in a denser structure relative to crystalline Si. The authors conclude that although there is substantial agreement between experimental measurements and simulation results, the amorphous structures being investigated may have fundamental differences; the difference in density can be attributed to local defects within the amorphous network. Finally the authors show that annealing simulations of their amorphized samples can lead to a reduction of high energy local defects without a large scale rearrangement of the amorphous network. This supports the proposal that defects in a-Si are analogous to those in c-Si.


In the field of health, many measurement scales have been developed and validated to evaluate the health status, psychological well-being and health-related quality of life. For the purpose of selecting a particular measurement scale or for developing new measurement scales (instruments), a coherent approach, including evaluation criteria, procedures, and evaluation techniques, is needed. Based on the analysis of the literature, the authors presented a set of criteria for evaluating the measurement scales and proposed a methodology for the development and validation of the measurement scales in the health domain. The methodology includes five steps: conceptualization, measure development, model specification, scale evaluation and refinement, scale validation. The evaluation criteria and methodology provide a general framework that can be used in academic research and clinical research to carry out empirical studies on the development and validation of measurement scales.


Pressing system is the key constitution of the glassware pressing machine,but there are some problems existing in the common use pneumatic system,such as low velocity in signal transformation and unstable processing et al.Taking into account these,a new system with Pneumohydraulic CAD System is developed.By using the Pneumohydraulic system and Pro/TOOLKIT interface program,a semi-automatic pressing program is established.Moreover the running performance of the hydraulic system also is discussed and evaluated.The result shows that comparing with pneumatic pressing system,can meet the specific demands of designing Pneumohydraulic system and its dynamic performance is in good situation.


The recent measurements have shown the existence of long range dependence and self similarity in real network traffic. Some researchers use FGN (fractional Gaussian noise) as a traffic model for this sort of traffic, but FGN can only capture the long range dependence. In this paper, a new method is suggested, which uses the so called FARIMA (fractional autoregressive integrated moving average) to modeling network traffic. The method of building the model is given in implementation detail. FARIMA ( p,d,q ) model is a good traffic model that is capable of capturing both the long range and short range behavior of a network traffic. The method is also applied to the real network traffic data. The experiments show that FARIMA model could be used to model actual traffic on quite a large time scale. Compared with other short range dependent processes such as ARMA models, less parameters are required by the FARIMA models. The performance comparisons between FARIMA and other traditional models such as AR, ARIMA and FGN are presented, and the results show that FARIMA model is better than other traditional traffic models. Future work includes applying FARIMA model to various long term and/or short term traffic predictions.


The invention discloses an airwave pressure therapy instrument. The airwave pressure therapy instrument comprises a first air sac bag and a second air sac bag. The first air sac bag and the second air sac bag are provided with connecting devices which are matched with each other and enable the first air sac bag and the second air sac bag to overlap partially. The overlapping length of the first air sac bag and the second air sac bag accounts for 10%-35% of the length of the first air sac bag. The connecting devices comprise the end connecting devices and the internal connecting devices. The airwave pressure therapy instrument is simple in structure. The air sacs are connected in a gapless mode, and therefore the portion covered with the airwave pressure therapy instrument can be treated comprehensively.


v/ne kind of philosophical puzzlement arises when we have an apparent conflict of intuitions. If we are philosophers, we then try to show that the apparent conflict of intuitions is only an apparent conflict and not a real one. If we fail, we may have to say that what we took to be an apparent conflict of intuitions was in fact a conflict of apparent intuitions, and then we must decide which of the conflict ing apparent intuitions is only an apparent intuition. But if we suc ceed, then both of the intuitions will be preserved. Since there was an apparent conflict, we will have to conclude that the formulation of at least one of the intuitions was defective. And though the formula tion may be imbedded in our ordinary language, we will have to say that, strictly and philosophically, a different formulation is to be pre ferred. But to make it clear that we are not rejecting the intuition we are reformulating, we must show systematically how to interpret the ordinary formulation into the philosophical one. The extent to which we can show this will be one mark of our success in dealing with the philosophical puzzle. Another will be the extent to which our proposed solution contributes to the solution of still other philosophi cal puzzles. I shall consider a philosophical puzzle pertaining to the concepts of whole and part. The proper solution, I believe, will throw light upon some of the most important questions of metaphysics.


Douglas Sinclair considers the pros and cons of the foundation as a wealth planning strategy, and tax implications across the UK


This chapter revisits the earlier case studies from the perspective of the present analysis of black boxes. By breaking down these episodes into the three main steps outlined in Chapter 5, one is able to see how it was possible for Darwin to provide a simple and elegant explanation of such a complex, overarching explanandum: distributions of organisms and traits across the globe. It also explains why Mendel is rightfully considered the founding father of genetics, despite having virtually no understanding of what genes are, how they work, and even if they existed from a physiological perspective. Furthermore, if Darwin and Mendel are praised for skillfully setting the mechanisms of inheritance and variation aside, and keeping them out of their explanations, why is Skinner criticized for providing essentially the same treatment of mental states? Finally, the analysis sheds light on the contemporary dispute over the goals and methodology of economics.


Property rights of human capital contain the function of incitement, income distribution and disposition. It is fundamental impetus of economy development and of institution innovation to establish institution of property rights of human capital.


The optical properties of polycrystalline silicon films with oxygen incorporation in grain boundary were experimentally studied. The Raman scattering photoluminescent and Fourier-transformed infrared spectra were measured. The morphology of the films were studied by atomic force microscopy. The strong correlation between the oxygen content and optical properties, and polarization was found. The oxygen diffuse incorporation corresponds the energetic levels in band gap around Ec-0.27 eV. The thermal annealing of polycrystalline film by the temperature more than 150° C produces the siloxane bonding with defect level in energy diagram near Ec-0.14 eV. The quantum beats of intensity of optical and electronic signal due to the quantum interference of closed electronic states was studied.


Diseases of voice are mostly caused by inappro priate ways of sound production. Therefore we should make use of sound producing organs reasonably and scientifically, prevent diseases actively, and treat diseases in time, to make our voice more beautiful.


Systems-in-foil technologies address the current need to manufacture low-cost, low-complexity and high-reliabiltiy large area organic electronics in the field of OLEDs, OPVs and sensors. For substrates with multiple layers of conductive tracks, there is a need to realize contact positions on either side of the foil. Unfortunately, typical interconnection solutions such as electroplating used in the PCB industry, are not highly compatible with large area electronics processing technologies, such as roll-to-roll processing. In this paper, the authors present results on the development of a reliable front-to-backside interconnection technology by filling laser drilled through vias (TVs) in PEN foil with a silver-based conductive adhesive using optimized stencil printing methods. Typical initial resistances for 100 μm TVs are situated in a range of 0.4 to 0.5 Ω and TVs in a range of 0.15 to 0.35 Ω for 200 μm, respectively. Samples were subjected to various accelerated life time tests; 1,000 hours at 60 C/90%RH, 1,000 hours at 85 C/85% RH, 1,000 cycles at -40 C/120 C and 15,000 bending cycles using cylinders with 10 mm and 25 mm bending radius. Only the bending stress resulted in an increase in via resistance. Stress during bending was simulated using FE modeling and maximum stress positions were compared to SEM cross sections of the vias. To emphasize the robustness of this interconnection technology, a flexible demonstrator was successfully fabricated consisting of a 10 by 10 grid of LEDs on the front side, connected to photo diodes on the backside of the foil using 200 μm TVs for interconnection.


This work is interested with a thermoelastic response in a micro-stretch half-space submerged in an unlimited non-viscous fluid under rotation, the medium is studied using the theory of Green-Naghdi (G-N III) and the model of three-phase-lag (3PHL). The governing equations are formulated in the context of G-N theory and the 3PHL model. Analytical solution to the problem is acquired by utilizing the normal mode method. The magnesium crystal element is utilized as an application to compare the predictions induced by rotation on microstretch thermoelastic immersed in an infinite fluid of G–N theory with those for the 3PHL model. Rotation has been noticed to have a major effect on all physical quantities. Comparisons were also made for three values of wave number b and three values of the real part frequency ω0.


Nonlinear piezoelectricity has recently been detected in strained-layer superlattices where CdTe is pseudomorphically grown along (111) on different materials. We investigate this problem from first principles using density-functional theory. As a byproduct, we provide the ab initio calculation of several properties of this material, including the equilibrium lattice constant, Born effective charges, internal strain parameter, zone-center optical-phonon frequencies, dielectric constant, elastic constants, and the «clamped-ions» piezoelectric constant. Nonlinear effects on all of them are considered. Our major result is that piezoelectricity is accurately linear over a wide range of volume-conserving strains, while it displays strong nonlinearity whenever the strain is not volume conserving


Objective
To observe the effects of oxymatrine(OM) on the expression and release of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) in rat pancreatic acinar cell line AR42J stimulated by hydrogen peroxide.

Methods
MTT method was used to detect the effects of H2O2 in different concentrations on the survival of AR42J cells. AR42J cells cultured in vitro were divided into control group, H2O2 group and H2O2+ OM group. An equal volume of H2O2(final concentration 0.16 mmol/L) was added in H2O2 group and H2O2+ OM group, respectively, while an equal volume of triple distilled water was added in control group. In H2O2+ OM group, OM(final concentration 0.5 g/L)was added 0.5 h before the addition of H2O2, and cell samples and supernatant were collected after 24 h culture. The expression of HMGB1 protein was detected by Western blotting, the level of HMGB1 protein in cell supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the intracellular distribution of HMGB1 protein was detected by immunofluorescence.

Results
In the H2O2 group, the expression of HMGB1, the secretion of HMGB1 in the supernatant and the proportion of cytoplasmic HMGB1 in the total HMGB1 were significantly higher than those in the control group[1.04±0.04 vs 0.69±0.02, (4.84±0.13)μg/L vs (2.68±0.07)μg/L, (35.7±2.5)% vs (10.7±1.9)%], and all the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After OM intervention, HMGB1 protein expression, secretion and cytoplasmic proportion were [0.82±0.02, (3.97±0.10)μg/L and (27.3±1.7)%], respectively, which were obviously lower than those in the H2O2 group, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).

Conclusions
H2O2 can induce the expression and release of HMGB1 in rat pancreatic acinar cells; OM treatment could alleviate the severity of oxidative stress injuries induced by H2O2 in AR42J cells.

Key words:
Pancreas; Oxymatrine; Hydrogen peroxide; Oxidative stress; High mobility group proteins


This paper discusses the application of interconnection integration in Introduction to Islamic Studies in the Department of Sociology at the State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study is to find out how an educator / lecturer in dealing with students who do not have basic Islamic religion at the previous level of education. In addition to applying in learning, interconnection integration is also applied in lecture material. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. Research data obtained from observations, journals, books, and opinions related to the integration of interconnections and Islamic studies. The result of the research is that educators always recommend students to include concrete examples in each material according to the specified approach. In each of the given material themes, an approach is always used, which integrates science and religion. After learning is complete, students are also given the task of writing a resume of at least two paragraphs which contains the core of the discussion in each meeting. Integration of interconnections is important to always be developed in any type of science, in order to produce updates in the future.


This issue used Event Study to analysis the impact of RMB premium to the export and import in Guangdong Province, on the basis of this method between the same exchange rate and the import and export of commodities to explore the relationship between the exchange rate. Empirical result shows that the nominal exchange rate and the real exchange rate movements on our trade within relatively large impact, the real effective exchange rate appreciation will be able to trade and impact. At the same time, because the change in the volume of import and export of relevant factor is not high, our import and export trade is not high sensitivity to exchange rate movements, there are other factors affecting import and export trade changes.


Information systems (IS) can support intervention and treatment of many different mental illnesses and there appears to be great potential for IS in the context of university students with mental disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder


Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that compete against other endogenous RNA species, such as microRNAs, and have been implicated in many diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of a new circRNA (circSLC7A2) in osteoarthritis (OA).


The researcher  has analyzed the effect of temperature, time, and electrical current of electroplating process  on tensile strength, bending strength and hardness of low carbon steel. The aim of this research is to know the effect of temperature, time, and electrical current as the parameters of electroplating process on tensile strength, bending strength and hardness of low carbon steel plate material treated using nickel and chrome coating materials. Coating process was operated with variations in temperature of 50 ° C, 55 ° C, 60 ° C; coating time of 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes; and electrical currents of 4 A, 5 A, 6 A. Tensile strength and buckling tests were conducted using a versatile test machine (Universal Testing Machine) and hardness test with Vickers method. The tensile strength test results show that the higher temperature, time and electrical current during the coating process, give the greater of tensile strength value (from 307 N / m 2 to 376 N /m 2 ), as well as buckling strength testing.The smaller of buckling strength value from 11.5 kg / m 2 to 7.5 kg / mm 2 . Hardness test results indicate a significant increase in the value of hardness in the temperature variation, time, and the electrical current coating, where the hardness value is from 89.3 HV to 100 HV.


This paper discusses the use of hypermedia as a mainstream instructional tool and what this use means for the success of all learners. Hypermedia research has not provided evidence of superiority to other instructional media. This research has, however, indicated that learner characteristics play a significant role in achievement in these new environments. Epistemological beliefs and self-regulatory skills have been demonstrated to be essential determinants of success in traditional learning environments. These beliefs and skills may be especially crucial to learning in cyberspace. This paper reviews relevant research from the educational psychology and hypermedia literature and discusses implications for the delivery of hypermedia instruction. Future research opportunities are described. (Contains 22 references.) (Author/MES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION RESOURCES F R ATI N CENTER (ERIC) 1640 Learning with Hypermedia: The Role of Epistemological Beliefs and Self-Regulation Kendall Hartley Department of Curriculum and Instruction University of Nevada, Las Vegas United States firstname.lastname@example.com Lisa Bendixen Department of Educational Psychology University of Nevada, Las Vegas United States email@example.com U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) el This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Abstract: This paper discusses the use of hypermedia as a mainstream instructional tool and what this use means for the success of all learners. Hypermedia research has not provided evidence of superiority to other instructional media. This research has, however, indicated that learner characteristics play a significant role in achievement in these new environments. Epistemological beliefs and self-regulatory skills have been demonstrated to be essential determiners of success in traditional learning environments. These beliefs and skills may be especially crucial to learning in cyberspace. This paper reviews relevant research from the educational psychology and hypermedia literature and discusses implications for the delivery of hypermedia instruction. Future research opportunities are described. This paper discusses the use of hypermedia as a mainstream instructional tool and what this use means for the success of all learners. Hypermedia research has not provided evidence of superiority to other instructional media. This research has, however, indicated that learner characteristics play a significant role in achievement in these new environments. Epistemological beliefs and self-regulatory skills have been demonstrated to be essential determiners of success in traditional learning environments. These beliefs and skills may be especially crucial to learning in cyberspace. This paper reviews relevant research from the educational psychology and hypermedia literature and discusses implications for the delivery of hypermedia instruction. Future research opportunities are described.


The traditional dwelling planning structure take on more and more abuse, for solve these questions, the article trace back to structuralism theory form and its history evolvement process, bring forward the animadvert and inherit and some innovations.


specific stroke functional outcome scales, the terms themselves are not clearly defined and the cut-off between severity levels is somewhat arbitrarily assigned. Although the trajectory of stroke disability in general is well documented, the meanings associated with the stroke classification from both objective (i.e. physical outcomes) and subjective (i.e., patient's experiences) perspectives need to be better examined and described. Minor stroke accounts for 82% of cerebrovascular disease patients, yet its recovery trajectory has as yet not been fully explored. Most minor stroke patients are discharged from hospital directly to their home environment—with relatively little consideration of its impact on the patient or the spouse. While having a stroke can impact virtually any body system and function, there is little available information regarding (a) the effect of minor stroke on patient's abilities to return to their previous roles and functions; and (b) how this seemingly minor event influences the marital dyad in the early post-discharge period. Methods: A prospective cohort comparative study design is being used. Male minor and moderate stroke patients and their female spouses are recruited at time of discharge. Functional outcome measures (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, modified Rankin Score, Barthel Index, and the Stroke Impact Scale-16) are obtained in person at discharge and at 3 months. Additional outcome measures (Stroke Specific Quality of Life, Short-Form-12; Beck-II Depression Inventory; Bakas Caregiver Outcome Scale; and the Family Assessment Device) are obtained in person at discharge and by telephone at four, eight, and twelve weeks following discharge. Transitions and marital dyad functioning over the 3-month recovery period and differences between stroke severity groups will be examined and described. Expected results: This study will enable the identification of recovery elements that are particular to minor stroke patients. Further, examining the influence of stroke on the marital dyad will enable the identification of issues for couples during the recovery process. The findings will thereafter form a basis for development and testing of nursing interventions aimed at minor stroke patients and their spousal caregiver.


Specific heat measurements of Eu0.9Ho0.1Mo6S8 were performed using an ac calorimetry technique under the extreme conditions of low temperature, high magnetic field, and hydrostatic pressure. The title compound is a Chevrel phase material, which is paramagnetic at ambient pressure, becomes superconducting for pressures above 7 kbar, and has a reentrant upper critical field [dHc2(T)/dT≥0, as T→0 K]. Evidence that this material also has a high magnetic field‐induced superconducting phase at low temperatures (H≥5 T, T≤1 K) was previously reported. The present ac calorimetry study carried out for 0.15≤T≤6 K, 0≤H≤20 T, and P≂8 kbar, shows a sharp superconducting transition for T≤1 K in the specific heat, which broadens at higher fields and temperatures. The results are analyzed to obtain a reentrant phase diagram in agreement with previous transport work, but direct evidence for the high field‐induced phase was not found. The mechanism for the field and temperature dependence of the superconductivity of Eu0.9Ho...


Cardiopulmonary bypass is often associated with a systemic inflammatory response (SIRS). The interaction of blood with gaseous interface and bioincompatible surfaces of the cardiopulmonary bypass unit indicates activation of three intersecting plasma protease pathways, the kinin kallikrein, fibrionlytic coagulation, and complement systems, each generates active proinflammatory mediators through a series of consecutive proteolytic cleavages. Pro inflammatory mediators activate leukocytes, endothelial cells and platelets, and promote vasodilatation and vascular permeability Activated cellular components secrete inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, amplify this process, and may ultimately lead to tissue damage and organ dysfunction.


Objective To standardize the preparation of hypochlorous-treated human serum albumin (HSA-AOPPs), cleanup of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) residue in HSA-AOPPs preparation as well as the determination of trace AOPPs. Methods Purified HSA (60 mg/mL) was oxidized with 60mmol/L HOCl (final concentration) under a stirring condition. The iodometry was used for the determination of HOCl residue in HSA-AOPPs preparation after purification steps by column chromatography or by dialysis. High performance size-exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC) was also used for quantitative analysis of trace AOPPs based on the area under curve (AUC) summarized from all the eluting protein area. Results Accuracy addition of HOCl was pivotal to a consistent concentration of HSA-AOPPs. It was best for the high yield of high molecular weight AOPPs when the molar ratio HSA/HOCl of 1∶66.5 was achieved and also for the elimination of the residues of HOCl in HSA-AOPPs by column chromatography in comparison with by dialysis. Overload of oxidant resulted in massive breakage of HMW-AOPPs with a cluster of protein fragments formation. There was a more than 100-fold increment in detecting the sensitivity by HPLC, compared to spectrophotometry. Conclusions Exact and consistent HSA/HOCl ratio is the key to standardize the HSA-AOPPs preparation. HP-SEC is a valid mean for the detection of trace AOPPs.


Atmospheric chemistry studies are scarce for South-American, especially for Venezuela. We studied the rainwater chemistry of  La Hechicera (Merida, Venezuela) using 24-h samples collected using a wet-only rain collector from March, 2011 to June, 2011. Samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy for base cations (K + , Ca +2 and Mg +2 ) and sodium (Na + ), pH and conductivity using the international suggested standards methods. We reached a precipitation coverage of 82.4 % and a total precipitation of 77.2 % for calcium and magnesium; 60.4% for sodium and 63.3% for potassium. Calcium and magnesium concentrations were under detection limits (n=73; <1.8 µeq L -1 and < 0.4 µeq L -1 for calcium and magnesium respectively). For potassium and sodium we found volume-weighted average concentrations of  0.04 ± 0.01 ppm (1.0 µeq L -1 ) and 0.14 ± 0.04 ppm (6.2 µeq L -1 ), and wet depositions fluxes of 49 ± 46 mg m -2 year -1 (130 µg m -2 day -1 ) and 177 ± 168 mg m -2 year -1 (480 µg m -2 day -1 ), respectively.  We used pH and conductivity values to estimate the ionic mass concentrations and the acid fraction of samples. Average values were 31.7% ± 22.9 % for the acid fraction and 2.9 ppm ± 2.6 ppm for the ionic mass concentration. This suggested that 92.0 % ± 15.3 % of the rain composition was unknown. Even though the low levels for base cation concentrations and conductivity, and the low acid fractions and the low ionic mass concentrations in our samples indicated a clean atmosphere, mainly affected by natural emissions. Positive correlation factors between K + and H + and Na + and H + suggested the biomass burning as a possible source for these ions. The low levels of base cations in rain represent a future problem because if atmospheric deposition cannot compensate the cation losses, Merida's soils can become deficient in nutrients.


A project for the internet laboratory construction is discussed, which is suitable for various level of educational institutions. The main idea is to make the Novell network,which is widely used at present, support the TCP/IP protocol.The use of the Proxy server to enter the internet by dial reduces greatly the cost of construction and operation.


Data-driven approaches that form the foundation of advancements in machine learning (ML) are powered in large part by human infrastructures that enable the collection of large datasets. We study the movement of data through multiple stages of data processing in the context of public health in India, examining the data work performed by frontline health workers, data stewards, and ML developers. We conducted interviews with these stakeholders to understand their varied perspectives on valuing data across stages, working with data to attain this value, and challenges arising throughout. We discuss the tensions in valuing and how they might be addressed, as we emphasize the need for improved transparency and accountability when data are transformed from one stage of processing to the next.


The Activity Based Costing originated form America in late 1980s. It has been widely applied in western countries, especially in large and medium size enterprises. The advent and development of ABC indicates that the accounting must keep pace with economic development. The fundamental theory of ABC is that the overhead expense is distributed according to the cost driver, and the activity value chain is analyzed to reduce the non-prefit activity to minimum level.Thus, the final cost of the product is cut down. The ABC is incomparable with the traditional cost distributing method. From this aspect, ABC should be closely studied and promoted to improve the management level, competion impetus and ability to make profit of China's enterprises.


An anthropologist and a lawyer walk into a bar. The bartender thanks them for their custom, thoroughly confusing everyone. While this joke shows why legal anthropology has never taken off as a source of comedy, it also illustrates the difficulties in applying custom in a legal setting. Lawyers, needing a term to describe the way colonised societies regulated their affairs through custom and practice, rather than through state law, used 'customary law'. As a term, this has been called 'imprecise' and 'self-contradictory.'


This book is an introduction to the literature of time series and econometrics since the late sixties. Written for economists and statisticians interested in applied time series, the book is a historical account of the three most lively decades in the history of time series econometrics. Those were the decades when econometricians embraced the Box–Jenkins approach to time series analysis and gave it a life of its own, resulting in the Nobel Prize. The combination of technical and historical narrative and the comprehensive commented bibliography makes this book stand out among the many other books covering the same standard topics, namely autoregressive moving average models, Granger causality, vector autoregression, unit roots, cointegration and autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticy. The authors demonstrate a deep knowledge of all the publications during the period studied. They start each chapter by putting the method in its historical context. Having motivated it that way, the method is then developed clearly and concisely with a mathematical level accessible to seniors in college. Pedagogy prevails. Before moving on to difficult technical discussions, the authors give very basic examples that illustrate why and how the next results are needed, thus teaching the reader econometric reasoning by simplifying published results. Concluding remarks in each chapter create anticipation for the next one. The bibliography at the end of each chapter is an integral part of the narrative. Organised in subsections with historical comments, such as 'this method was first used by ...' or 'a survey of these methods was given by ...', these bibliographies are a precious gift. The contents of chapters are connected smoothly because the authors go back and forth to make the historical connections among new and old methods more evident. Unfortunately, the book does not include any exercises. But all of the examples use economic data and the solutions are given with extreme detail, making these examples very useful illustrations of the application of the methods. No particular software is used to solve the examples. Although the book would not make a good textbook for a time-series course for non-economic majors, it is required reading for those interested in understanding why time-series econometrics is what it is today and for those wanting a guided tutorial of the extensive literature on this topic. The book should certainly occupy a prominent position in any econometrics library.


In order to examine a possible difference in the number of H2 receptors in the inferior nasal choncha mucous between groups with and without nasal allergy, a histamine H2 receptor binding assay was attempted in human inferior nasal choncha mucous (n=46). In the receptor binding assay for the above-mentioned cell membrane specimens using 3H-tiotidine, high-and low-affinity regions were observed according to its concentration. Bmax (maximum binding volume) was 38.5+5.2 and 26.8+3.4fmol/mg protein in nasal allergic and nonallergic groups, respectively, showing a significant by higher values in the former group (P<0.05). No difference was evident in thce KD value (affinity). In patients with nasal allergy, Bmax was 41.1+5.9 in the group below 41 years of age and 29.0+19. 1 fmol/mg protein in the group above 40 years of age. No difference was, however, observed between the two age groups. It is well-known that the histamine H2 receptor is involved in the negative feedback mechanism that accurs during histamine release. The experimental results indicated that histamine H2 receptors changed in number in response to the occurrence of allergic rhinitis, possibly playing a role in the suppression of type I allergic rhinitis.


T he aim of this paper is to introduce and study TL-sub near-fields, TL-ideals of near-fields over regular delta near-rings and to obtain their characterizations. We define T-sum, T-difference, T-product of L-sub near-fields of a near-field N over regular delta near-ring of a ring R and obtain their properties. The set of near-fields of TL-ideals of a near-field N over –field regular delta near-ring of a ring R equipped with L-sub near-fields inclusion relation ≤ constitutes a complete lattice with L- sub near-field intersection as its meet is proved. The quotient near-field (N/µ, +T, *) is obtained and proved that it is isomorphic to the quotient near-field (N/Nµ,+T,*). Also we obtain some characterizations of homomorphism of TL-ideals of near-fields over regular delta near-rings.