Companies' perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have been only partially analyzed from an individual perspective that focuses on personal characteristics and professional backgrounds. However, a gap exists in the research on manager leadership styles and CSR perceptions from a gender perspective. Therefore, this article analyzes differences in attitudes toward various dimensions of CSR by focusing on the leadership styles—transformational, dominance, and dual perspectives—of male and female managers in Spain. A total of 391 respondents in top management positions in Spain were surveyed. The findings revealed similarities and differences between genders with respect to leadership styles and CSR perceptions by dimension using a univariate analysis. A causal model that employed structural equation modeling was also estimated. The findings suggest that for transformational and dual leadership styles, Spanish women may be more adaptable and effective at pursuing company sustainability than Spanish men. However, dominance leadership was found to be the worst leadership style for deploying a CSR strategy. A number of conclusions for business management can be drawn, and some directions for future research are provided.


Bacterial infections can spread rapidly in the school setting. In this article, part of a series on dermatology, Jean Watkins offers practical information on common bacterial skin infections, including an overview of presentation, complications and management.


After Russia's transformation,reshape national image has become the government's top priority.As one of the forms of literature and art,architectural art use its unique space language to convey the political values of a country and the nation's aesthetic values.This is closely related to the build of national image undoubtedly.Russia pays more attention to the protection and restoration of ancient buildings.Russian people also pay more attention to the reconstruction of ecological constructions,and emphasize the new architectural type style.As you can see,the contemporary Russian art reproduced the situation of a contradiction.The diversified development trend has closely relationship with its diverse country image.


This study aimed to investigate whether endurance‐trained (ET) female athletes demonstrate differences in cardiovascular autonomic control compared with sedentary controls. Eighteen healthy eumenorrhoeic subjects, nine trained (22·4 ± 3 years) and nine sedentary (21·0 ± 1 years), volunteered for the study. Heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) measures were adopted to assess cardiac autonomic control. HRV was recorded for 30 min under both controlled (0·25 Hz) and spontaneous breathing conditions. Cardiovagal BRS was assessed using the Valsalva manoeuvre. Analysis of the HRV showed a longer R‐R interval (1089 ± 114 ms versus 865 ± 100 ms; P<0·001) in the trained subject but only in the spontaneous breathing condition. Conversely, athletes exhibited higher normalized low frequency (LFnu, 44·2 ± 8·5% versus 29·5 ± 6·8%; P<0·001) and lower normalized high frequency (HFnu, 55·8 ± 8·5% versus 69·9 ± 7·7%; P<0·01) only during the controlled breathing condition, consequently the LF/HF ratio was also higher in the trained group in the same condition (0·83 ± 0·3 versus 0·47 ± 0·1, P<0·01). BRS was significantly lower in the ET group (7·95 ± 4·0 ms mmHg−1 versus 13·00 ± 4·4 ms mmHg−1, P<0·05). Further studies are necessary to elucidate the potential role of training and altered hormonal profile in the genesis of the observed differences in cardiovascular autonomic control between highly trained and sedentary control female subjects.


The transmittance of thin metal contacts on p-GaN plays a crucial role in the performance of conventional GaN based light emitting diodes (LEDs).In this paper, the effect of temperature annealing on electrical and optical properties of Ni/Ag/ITO (3/2/100 nm) contacts were studied and investigated. Ni/Ag/ITO multi layer metals were deposited on patterned TLM structures at average base pressure of ~ 2 x 10-6 torr on metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown LED structure with top p-GaN (2 x 1017 cm-3) by electron beam evaporation. The size of TLM pads were 200 x 200 µm2 with a gap spacing of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 µm, respectively. The as-deposited Ni/Ag/ITO contacts show non-linear current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. However, the I-V characteristics of the annealed contacts in the temperature range of 500 0C to 600 0C in N2+O2 ambient for 5 min. in rapid thermal annealing system (RTA) become linear i.e. ohmic. The lowest specific contact resistance (ρc) was obtained ~ 1.9 x 10-2 Ω-cm2 for contacts annealed at 500 0C and highest (1.02 x 10-1 Ω-cm2) for as-deposited. The transparency of as-deposited Ni/Ag/ITO film was measured using) spectrophotometer and found 0-3% in the wavelength range of 350-550 nm. The highest transparency of the contacts was 85.8 %, when the contact was annealed at 550 0C at wavelength of 460 nm. On the other hand, transparency was ~ 83.5 % and ~ 81% for contacts annealed at 500 0C and 600 0C, respectively. High resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) was performed to analyze the transmittance of the contacts. The increase in transparency of Ni/Ag/IT contacts is attributed to increase in the crystalline property of the contacts during annealing and confirmed by increase in intensity counts of diffraction peak ITO (222)in XRD measurements.


In this paper, we propose a method to support book search tasks where users issue a query describing the story in a book to a database storing brief descriptions of books. Such a query may include extraneous words that do not appear in the brief description of the book in the database. In addition, queries by users who only have vague memories of the stories may even include wrong keywords. In order to find books with such queries, we need a query relaxation scheme. In the scheme we propose in this paper, we classify words in a user query describing a book into four types based on their roles in the description, and for each type, we estimate the probability of their appearance in the description in the database. We estimate it based on statistics we obtained through an analysis of an archive of queries and answers in the past. We then generate relaxed queries by using every subset of the words in the user query, and rank the queries based on the expected ranking of the target book in their results. The expected ranking of the target book in a query result is estimated by using appearance probabilities of words in the query and the number of books matching the query. We conducted an experiment for comparing various ranking schemes by their MRR, and our ranking scheme that uses both the word appearance probabilities and the number of matching books showed a good performance.


Ion-implantation GaAs MESFETs were improved for Ku-band applications. Over 20% of the power added efficiency (PAE) was achieved at −25dBc of third order of intermodulation distortion ratio (IM3) at 14.5GHz. In order to achieve high PAE and low IM3, the carrier profile was designed by using ion-implantations and the transconductance (gm) along the load-line was measured. This PAE was 5% higher than conventional MESFET, HFET and pHEMT.


Public Opinion, the Press and Public Policy by J. David Kennamer The Public's Knowledge of Politics by Michael X. Delli Carpini and Scott Keeter Effective Public Opinion by James B. Lemert Interest Groups in the News by Lucig Danielian Who Sets the Media Agenda? The Ability of Policymakers to Determine News Decisions by Dan Berkowitz The News Media and Public Policy Agendas by David Pritchard Marching to the Police Beats: The Media-Source Relationship in Framing Criminal Justice Policy by Jack C. Doppelt Reporting on the Public Mind by Leonard Tipton The Spiral of Silence: Linking Individual and Society through Communication by Charles T. Salmon and Chi-Yung Moh Policymakers and the Third-Person Effect by Dominic L. Lasorsa Bibliography Index


The Plating Shop (Building 322), provides processes such as electroplating, electroless plating, anodizing, cleaning, etching, electroforming and chemical milling. We in MFD are committed to an active program on waste minimization, and the purpose of this document is to outline the plan of action. Our short range minimization goals are threefold: (1) Reduce our major waste stream by 90%, (2) Minimize discharge of rinse water to sewer system, and (3) Eliminate vapor degreasing in the shop. The intermediate goals consist of characterizing the waste streams and evaluating recovery processes. To do this, we first need to have the distillation unit operational and time to determine its effectiveness. If it proves to be as effective as we anticipate, we will perhaps purchase a second unit. Regardless, the streams that we can identify include: nickel, copper, rinses, acids, alkalies, electropolish and miscellaneous. Our goal is to utilize electrolytic processes to recover metals such as nickel and copper and processes such as ion exchange for some of the other streams. We intend to evaluate the full gamut of recycling processes available for these streams. We anticipate completing this phase of the minimization program by January 1993. The long range goal is zero dischargemore » or since this could prove extremely difficult, development of processes that will allow us to produce a sludge cake that could be handled by our Hazardous Waste Management Group.« less


Vaison-la-Romaine is one of the most fully excavated ancient cities because of the programme undertaken by the Canon Sautel at the beginning of the twentieth century, especially in the La Villasse and Le Puymin areas. A new perception of the organisation of the Puymin area can now be proposed: an early sanctuary (Pompey's Porticus), similar to the Augusteum in Herculaneum and to the Eumachia Building in Pompeii, was located beside a processionnal way leading through a tunnel to the theatre and to the sanctuary built above it. Below, in the artisan district, a water mill can be identified, a rare example in Gaul of such an urban installation. This study reveals that religious and artisan activities were both practised in this part of the town.


The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of the external pressure, commitment of management and government internal control system to the application management financial transparency reporting. The population in this study were employees who worked in the Bukittinggi city (27 government agencies). The sampling method used in this study is purposive sampling method. The hypotheses then tested by using SPSS 17. The results of this study indicated that the exsternal pressure, management commitment, internal control system significantly affect the transparency of financial reporting. The magnitude of the effect (R2) of the external pressure, commitment of management and government internal control system to the application management financial transparency reporting was 33,3 %. While the remaining 66,7% is influenced by other variables outside the model that has not been included in this study. Keywords: transparency of financial reporting, exsternal pressure, management commitment and internal control system


African migration eastwards has received far less academic attention than that across the Atlantic. While westwards migration was concentrated over a few centuries, migration across the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean has been continuing for over a millennium. Migration eastwards was both free and forced. Nevertheless, slavery and the slave trade were a major force in this phenomenon. Displaced Africans found themselves amongst people who had diverse cultural values and who spoke different languages. Within this context, the ethnicity of the slaves was not important to the slavers. Often slaves were separated from their kith and kin. This situation gave rise to cultural transformations but music and dance are among the striking cultural retentions. Creolisation resulted in some instances, while contemporary Afro-Asian communities are marginalised. This article considers the plight of the descendants of African migrants to the Indian Ocean island of Sri Lanka.


Study of School-enterprise cooperation at home and abroad has been more common,results are also relatively rich.China's various vocational institutions have tried a lot in this area.Improving the level of vocational education and adding its characteristics,it is necessary to promote the depth of school-enterprise cooperation,achieve "win-win" and common development.Under market economy conditions,higher vocational education is the main body of cultivating skilled talents,if there is no business enterprises to join,it is difficult to be unique.School-enterprise cooperation in higher vocational education is the rational choice of development,is also the best combination points of achieving "win-win",higher vocational colleges must actively explore effective path of school-enterprise cooperation.


The cutting stock problem consists of cutting up a material, for instance paper or steel, which is produced in certain stock widths into the smaller widths required by customers; this is to be done as efficiently as possible, i.e. without incurring too much waste. The classical formulation of this problem is solved by delayed column generation for the LP-relaxation, with subsequent rounding to produce a {open_quotes}good{close_quotes} integer-valued solution. Here a new formulation of this problem will be presented. In contrast to the traditional model, the new one incorporates an explicit upper limit on the number of cutting patterns to be used. Limiting the number of cutting patterns is often of serious practical concern, due to the cost associated with switching the cutting knives from one position to another. We present a depth-first-search branch-and-bound algorithm which has been used both as an exact method and as part of a local search heuristic. Computational results will be presented which demonstrate that real-world (paper industry) instances of the model can be solved to optimality within reasonable computation time.


The paper analyses the development of theoretical thought producingthe idea of the language of mathematics as a universal formal scientificlanguage and consolidating it in the Early Modern epistemological analysisof language. The mathematical reflection of the world as well as the criticalapproach to the natural language with regard to its suitability for thepurposes of cognition highlighted the cognitive significance of signs and theway of their application. That directed the philosophers' efforts towards thesearch for the proper language of science. The paper reveals how, reflectingmathematics not only as an instrument of knowledge acquisition and itsorganization model, but also as language, the mastering of which determinesthe possibilities of the study of nature, formalistic investigations of languageraising the problem of the epistemological possibilities of the language ofscience, becomes dominating in the Modern philosophy.


A mass spectrometry is a plot of the particle signal as a component of the mass-to-charge proportion. These spectra are utilized to decide the basic or isotopic mark of an example, the majority of particles and of atoms, and to clarify the substance character or design of atoms and other synthetic mixes. In a common MS system, an example, which might be strong, fluid, or vaporous, is ionized, for instance by barraging it with electrons. This may make a portion of the example's atoms break into charged sections or basically become charged without dividing. These particles are then isolated by their mass-to-charge proportion, for instance by quickening them and exposing them to an electric or attractive field: particles of a similar mass-to-charge proportion will go through a similar measure of diversion. The particles are recognized by a system equipped for identifying charged particles, for example, an electron multiplier. Results are shown as spectra of the sign power of distinguished particles as an element of the mass-to-charge proportion. The ionizer changes over a segment of the example into particles. There is a wide assortment of ionization strategies, contingent upon the stage (strong, fluid, gas) of the example and the effectiveness of different ionization components for the obscure species. An extraction framework eliminates particles from the example, which are then focused through the mass analyzer and into the finder. The qualifications in masses of the parts allows the mass analyzer to sort the particles by their mass-to-charge extent. The identifier gauges the estimation of a marker amount and along these lines gives information to computing the plenitudes of every particle present. A few locators likewise give spatial data, e.g., a multichannel plate. In mass spectrometry, ionization alludes to the creation of gas stage particles reasonable for goal in the mass analyser or mass channel. Ionization happens in the particle source. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) sources are utilized principally for cation examination of a wide cluster of test types. In this source, a plasma that is electrically unbiased in general, yet that has had a considerable part of its particles ionized by high temperature, is utilized to atomize acquainted example particles and with additional strip the external electrons from those molecules. The plasma is normally created from argon gas, since the principal ionization energy of argon particles is higher than the first of some other components aside from He, F and Ne, yet lower than the second ionization energy of all aside from the most electropositive metals. The warming is accomplished by a radio-recurrence current went through a loop encompassing the plasma. Photoionization can be utilized in analyses which try to utilize mass spectrometry as a methods for settling synthetic energy components and isomeric item branching. In such occasions a high energy photon, either Xbeam or uv, is utilized to separate stable vaporous particles in a transporter gas of He or Ar. In cases where a synchrotron light source is used, a tuneable photon energy can be used to get a photoionization effectiveness bend which can be utilized related to the charge proportion m/z to unique mark sub-atomic and ionic species. To conclude with mass spectrometry has both subjective and quantitative employments. These incorporate recognizing obscure mixes, deciding the isotopic piece of components in a particle, and deciding the construction of a compound by noticing its fracture. Different utilizations incorporate evaluating the measure of a compound in an example or considering the basics of gas stage particle science.


In the light of Treatises on Cold Damage and Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber,this article explores how Zhang Zhongjing presented disorder-pattern with formula-pattern,and administered formula-pattern to herb-pattern,in an attempt to establish a syndrome differentiation system of disorder-pattern,formula-pattern and herb-pattern.


We felt compelled to respond to your article on medical information that comes from Nazi atrocities,1 in which Mackinnon tries to justify the use of an atlas of human anatomy, edited by Eduard Pernkopf, based on the systematic dissection of bodies of Holocaust victims. To make it worse, Pernkopf and his chief collaborators were all committed Nazis, to the …


This article summarizes the literary and art criticism discourse since 1990s. Although the general situation of literary and art criticism in 1990s is marked by widely divided opinions, it has made great achievements. There appeared the pattern of multidiscourse in literary and art criticism. "The predominance to be diversified and synthesized to create", "the return to the classic", and "the diverse criticism of aesthetic consciousness" will become the predominant pattern of discourse in literary and art criticism in the new century.


Abstract : An automated axial-torsional materials testing system has been acquired under a DoD Equipment grant to expand the capabilities for research in environmentally assisted fracture and mechanical behavior of materials. The system is capable of applying + or - 20,000 lb. axial force and 10,000 lb-in. torsion under computer control, and provides for online digital data acquisition. To supplement the DoD Grant, additional funds have been obtained to add a hydraulically operated axial-torsional specimen grip, slow-rate servovalve, and heating system for high-temperature testing. The entire system is expected to be in operation by June 1986.


The rapidly developing semiconductor technology allows to implement sophisticated digital control in the programmable devices platforms (FPGAs, CPUs). However the increasing size and performance of the circuits has also a drawback at the failure sensitivity, in particular for soft errors due to ionizing radiation. The sensitivity to SEUs is related to the critical charge which strongly depends on the transistor dimensions and supplying voltage. The sensitivity to ionizing radiation increases faster than the circuits complexity due to Moore's law. Therefore the life critical systems and systems operating in radioactive environment have to deal with soft errors. The countermeasure can be special design techniques introducing the redundancy to the algorithms and/or circuit design allowing to detect and correct errors. The goal is to find the compromise between cost, performance and reliability. The development of such algorithms and systems must be supported by the test stand where the resistance to radiation influence can be evaluated.


A method of encoding a signal to be transmitted from a terminal (100) through a channel in a communication network (104) including: receiving the signal at the terminal; determining channel characteristics; characterized by: determining a first frequency portion of the signal depending on the determined channel characteristics; encoding the first portion of signal frequency according to a first coding method to produce a first encoded signal portion; determining a second frequency portion of the signal; encoding the second portion of signal frequency according to a second coding method to produce a second encoded signal portion; and transmitting the first encoded signal portion and the second portion of the encoded signal by channel.


The Gajahmungkur village, based on slope and geological structure, are included in the landslide potential category. Research of landslide hazard due to earthquake in weak zone can be done by ground shear strain analysis (GSS). This study aims to provide information related to the potential landslide disaster in the Gajahmungkur village of Semarang city. The data were collected using microseismic method. The research area is 42,000 m2 consisting of 12 points and 3 trajectories. Data processing is done using Software of Geopsy and Surfer to obtain the value of vulnerability index of subsurface ground, maximum ground acceleration value, and ground shear strain value. The result of data analysis shows that the research area at point 9, point 10, and point 12 has the value of vulnerability index which is much higher than the other point so that the value of ground shear strain in all three points is also high. The value of ground shear strain obtained at the order of 10−4 then the dynamic nature that occurs in the research points have a plastic character. This plastic characteristic characterizes the area as a landslide potential.


Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection (AA/AD) are critical aortic diseases with a hidden onset and sudden rupture, usually resulting in an inevitable death. Several pro-and anti-angiogenic factors that induce new capillary formation in the existing blood vessels regulate angiogenesis. In addition, aortic disease mainly manifests as the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells of the adventitia vasa vasorum. An increasing number of studies have shown that angiogenesis is a characteristic change that may promote AA/AD occurrence, progression


The utility model relates to a structure of drill, in particular to a structure composed of a drill body on the cylindrical end and a clamping part on the other end; Wherein, the drill body is provided with at least one pair of spiral groove and escaping gap, while the drilling and cutting part of the drill bit is a pair of blades extending from the edge of the top end; the extending part of the blade is connected with the escaping gap; the side edge of the escaping gap forms a blade belt with a predicted width; Wherein, the width of the blade belt gradually shrinks with a predicted width from the drilling and cutting part to the clamping part, or the shrinking width is zero, making the width of the front part of the blade belt larger than that of the rear part of the blade belt. Therefore, when the drill bit is cutting the work pieces, the device can improve such performances as the endured resistance, friction, contact area, service life and so on.


In the Hes1 gene expression system the protein (present as dimers) bounds to the promoter of its own DNA blocking transcription of its mRNA. This negative feedback leads to an oscillatory behavior, which is observed experimentally. Classical mathematical model of this system consists of two ordinary differential equations with discrete time delay in the term reflecting transcription. However, transcription takes place in the nucleus while translation occurs in the cytoplasm. This means that the delay present in the system is larger than transcription time. Moreover, in reality it is not discrete but distributed around some mean value. In this paper we present the model of the Hes1 gene expression system and discuss similarities and differences between the model with discrete and distributed delays. It turns out that in the case of distributed delays the region of stability of the steady state is larger than in the case of discrete delay. We also derive conditions that guarantee stability of the steady state for particular delay distributions.


In Coordinated Motion Planning (CMP), we are given a rectangular-grid on which k robots occupy k distinct starting gridpoints and need to reach k distinct destination gridpoints. In each time step, any robot may move to a neighboring gridpoint or stay in its current gridpoint, provided that it does not collide with other robots. The goal is to compute a schedule for moving the k robots to their destinations which minimizes a certain objective target – prominently the number of time steps in the schedule, i.e., the makespan, or the total length traveled by the robots. We refer to the problem arising from minimizing the former objective target as CMP-M and the latter as CMP-L. Both CMP-M and CMP-L are fundamental problems that were posed as the computational geometry challenge of SoCG 2021, and CMP also embodies the famous ( n 2 − 1)-puzzle as a special case. In this paper, we settle the parameterized complexity of CMP-M and CMP-L with respect to their two most fundamental parameters: the number of robots, and the objective target. We develop a new approach to establish the fixed-parameter tractability of both problems under the former parameterization that relies on novel structural insights into optimal solutions to the problem. When parameterized by the objective target, we show that CMP-L remains fixed-parameter tractable while CMP-M becomes para-NP -hard. The latter result is noteworthy, not only because it improves the previously-known boundaries of intractability for the problem, but also because the underlying reduction allows us to establish – as a simpler case – the NP -hardness of the classical Vertex Disjoint and Edge Disjoint Paths problems with constant path-lengths on grids.


The aim of this study is to identify determinants of immobility among the Baltic and Finnish immigrants in Sweden as compared to the native Swedish population.... Our data allow us to investigate mobility patterns by country of birth and socioeconomic characteristics. At first glance people born in the Baltic countries seem to be distinctively less mobile than those born in Sweden.... Are there any cultural or group-specific explanations to the different (im)-mobility patterns? Or are these differences merely related to the socio-demographic composition? (EXCERPT)


With the increasing emphasis on accountability in the public sector, the concept of quality of higher education has been one of the most globally dominating and influential "meta-ideas" over the past three decades (Stensaker, 2007). Facilitating student learning and development is one of the core missions of higher education. Hence, universities around the world have attached considerable importance to monitoring the presages, processes, and products of student learning. The past 20 years have witnessed three trends in higher education that profoundly influence student learning in higher education. First, the educational technology applications have deeply transformed the ecology of learning and teaching in higher education (Cabaleiro-Cerviño & Vera, 2020), which is especially manifested in the global pandemic of COVID-19. Instructors and students need to be accustomed to online learning, hybrid learning, and the adoption of various learning management systems, which have become more and more popular in universities. It is imperative for researchers and university educators to figure out ways to improve the quality of student learning in a technology-enhanced environment (Bond et al., 2020; Henderson et al., 2017).


Objectives  Effective communication by pharmacists is essential to ensure patient safety in terms of provision and use of medications by patients. Global migration trends mean community pharmacists increasingly encounter patients with a variety of first languages. The aim of this study was to explore community pharmacists' perceptions of communication barriers during the provision of care to A8 (nationals from central/Eastern European states) migrants.


Patients with type 2 diabetes may develop severe ketoacidosis. A low carb high fat (LCHF) diet is popular among these patients but is ketogenic. Antidiabetic SGLT2 inhibitors increase glucagon and may predispose to ketoacidosis, which is euglycemic and thus makes it more difficult to suspect. We present a case of life-threatening ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes patients on LCHF diet and concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor therapy.


The MSM (Men who have Sex with Men) is a minority i n heterosexual society. The young MSM community always close their identity in the so ciety because they need self actuality as homosexual in the heterosexual society. This will h ave an impact on their lack of information and knowledge about reproductive health. The purpos e of this study was to analyze the process of socialization among young MSM and its ef fects on adolescent reproductive health, which includes socialization in the family, at scho ol (college), in the MSM community and the general public. This research used qualitative m thode with a phenomenological approach. Data collected through indepth interviews to the youth MSM aged 17-23 years in Jember Regency. Based on the results of research i ndicated that most of the MSM is difficult to communicate and interact socially in the family, school (college) and in the society. It caused they were not being themself. When they did socialization in heterosexual society, they would follow the norms and rules that exist in society. But when they did socialization in MSM community. Because MSM always got isolated f rom society, they make community in order to receive emotional support and geting ac ceptance (cohesive) from society. But this condition can not solve their isolated feelings. It caused the difficult problems geting proper information about reproductive health. So It maked them in high risk from infection of Sexual Transmited Diseases and HIV/AIDS.


B-type bands in the high-resolution, gas-phase infrared spectra of two isotopomers of 1,2-difluoroethane have been recorded and analyzed in detail. These bands are due to the in-plane, antisymmetric CCF bending fundamental (ν18) of the low-abundance anti rotamer of the d4 and 13C2 species and are centered at 264.257 and 279.410 cm-1, respectively. Watson-type rotational Hamiltonians have been fit to the ground state (GS) and excited vibrational state for each molecule. A complete structure for the anti rotamer has been derived from the GS rotational constants of these two isotopomers and the previously reported normal species. The r0 values are rCH = 1.092 A, rCC = 1.506 A, rCF = 1.400 A, αCCH = 111.6°, αHCH = 110.7°, αCCF = 107.3°, and αFCH = 107.8°. These geometric parameters are compared with those of the gauche rotamer and together with values for both rotamers from ab initio calculations. The changes in the parameters between the two rotamers are discussed in relation to the gauche effect, the surpri...


In this work, we simulate the tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) in a single-molecule-magnet (SMM) dimer tunnel-junction with metal and ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes. The non-collinear polarization of electrode with respect to the uniaxial anisotropy-axis of magnet results in both the FM and anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) TAMR respectively for the FM and AFM inter-molecule couplings. In terms of the spin coherent state representation of electron spin the non-collinear tunneling is able to be analyzed with the usual rate equation approach in a sequential tunneling regime. The ferromagnetic TAMR varies with the non-collinear angle and the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is just a special case of the angle θ = π. With the FM dimer we obtain the higher TMR up to 400% and the high polarization rate (79%) of spin current as well. The angle dependence of TAMR for the AFM dimer is also presented along with the spin current.In this work, we simulate the tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) in a single-molecule-magnet (SMM) dimer tunnel-junction with metal and ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes. The non-collinear polarization of electrode with respect to the uniaxial anisotropy-axis of magnet results in both the FM and anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) TAMR respectively for the FM and AFM inter-molecule couplings. In terms of the spin coherent state representation of electron spin the non-collinear tunneling is able to be analyzed with the usual rate equation approach in a sequential tunneling regime. The ferromagnetic TAMR varies with the non-collinear angle and the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is just a special case of the angle θ = π. With the FM dimer we obtain the higher TMR up to 400% and the high polarization rate (79%) of spin current as well. The angle dependence of TAMR for the AFM dimer is also presented along with the spin current.


The evolution of the size and shape of individual h105j faceted Ge islands on Si(001) is measured with a high temperature scanning tunneling microscope during growth. A slower growth rate is obse when an island grows to larger sizes. This behavior can be explained by kinetically self-limit growth. A kinetic growth model involving a nucleation barrier for each repeated growth of a ne atomic layer on theh105j facets agrees with the experimental results for the evolution of the islan volume. The experimentally observed shape transition from nearly square shaped islands to elon islands is described by the kinetic growth model. [S0031-9007(99)08803-1]


SOURCE CITATION
Riccò M, Ferraro P, Gualerzi G, et al. Point-of-care diagnostic tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of real-world data. J Clin Med. 2020;9:1515. 32443459.


3-Vinylcitronellal, a key intermediate for (+) Sporochnol, was synthesized by etherification and Claisen rearrangement starting from geraniol. The reaction conditions and influencing factors have been studied. The optimum conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature was 180℃ and the reaction time was 30min. Under above-mentioned conditions, the yield of title compound with 87% was achieved.


Despite extensive research on student satisfaction in HEIs, notable gaps exist in investigating the profound impact of practical teacher training in education programs, particularly in China. This study examines the relationships between student satisfaction and its predictors in practical teacher training among Chinese undergraduates. Results show that expectation, perceived administrative service quality, perceived teaching quality, and perceived value are significant predictors of student satisfaction. However, image and teacher-student interaction have no significant relationships with student satisfaction. The six constructs represent 49% of the variance in student satisfaction. These findings indicate the necessity for enhanced management of practical teacher training programs.


A mean field theory is introduced to describe the nematic-isotropic phase transitions (NIT) in solutions of main-chain liquid crystalline polymers (MLCPs) which consist of rigid mesogens and spacers with various degrees of flexibility. The theory takes into account not only the nematic ordering of mesogens but also the partial ordering, or straightening, of spacer segments in the nematic phase. On the basis of the Onsager-type excluded volume interactions and the Maier–Saupe model for orientational dependent–attractive interactions between rigid segments, we derive the free energy for solutions of the MLCP. We find two different nematic phases: One is a weak nematic phase which is almost formed by the ordering of the mesogens. The other is a high nematic phase where the straightened segments on the spacers and the mesogens are highly ordered. The two different nematic phases and phase behaviors are discussed in the phase diagrams on the temperature-concentration plane.


Expanded energyand recreation-related activities in the Yampa River basin, Colorado and Wyoming, have caused a rapid increase in economic development which will result in increased demand and competition for natural resources. Remote-sensing data may provide timely information which is required in planning for efficient allocation of the basin's natural resources. This study used Landsat images and small-scale color and colorinfrared photographs for selected geologic, hydrologic, and land-use applications within the Yampa River basin. Applications of Landsat data included: (1) Regional land-use classification,(2) lineament mapping, and (3) areal snow-cover mapping. Results from the Landsat investigations indicated that: (1) Regional land-cover classification determined from Landsat data compared favorably with land use defined from aerial photographs and available ground information, (2) numerous lineaments that may be indicators of potential ground-water resources were mapped from images using photointerpretation techniques, and (3) snow cover could generally be mapped for large areas with the exception of some .densely forested areas of the basin and areas having a large percentage of winter-season cloud cover. The analysis of Landsat data tended to be qualitative for the most part, because of a lack of sufficient and timely ground information to quantitatively evaluate their accuracy. Aerial photographs were used for estimating turbidity at eight locations on three streams in the basin. Spectral reflectance values obtained by digitizing photographs were compared with measured turbidity values. Results showed correlations (variances explained of greater than 90 percent) between spectral reflectance obtained from color photographs and measured turbidity values. Results from these preliminary investigations will be incorporated in the design of continuing studies which will further evaluate the techniques employed and provide more quantitative measures of their accuracy.


One of the first needs of an organization is to understand the needs of their employees. As the global environment is becoming more complex there is a growing need to understand the relationship between people and the implications for organizational functioning. There are 552 engineering colleges in Tamilnadu and around 1.75 Lakhs of engineers graduate every year. Majority of these graduates enter into Information Technology industries which forms the major portion of the service sector industries in India. It is important to study the Psychological Distress and Burnout levels of employees working in these industries. This study examines the levels of psychological health amongst the Information Technology professionals in India. There is a concern that the demands of the work environment in these industries may contribute to stress levels and psychological vulnerability among their employees. This paper also throws some light on the Burnout intentions of the professionals regarding leaving their organizations in a sample of 148 professionals working in different IT companies in Chennai, Tamilnadu. The sample included professionals working full time, with varying demographic details. Based on the objectives of the study the questionnaire consisting of three set of variable (1) Demographic variable -Gender, Marital Status, Educational Qualification, Employment Status, Living arrangements (2) Psychological Distress -General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) (3) Burnout -Maslach burnout inventory. The questionnaires were used to assess Psychological Distress and Burnout among Information Technology professionals. Findings show that 38% of IT professionals are facing significant Psychological Distress. Heavy workloads, inadequate staff along with role ambiguity affects their family life. Women are more vulnerable to this since they have to play the dual role of working professional and traditional homemaker. They are under great pressure to balance their work and family life. However, it was also seen that intentions to leave their organizations were not purely due to Psychological Distress and the reported levels of Burnout were relative low among them. This study examined the levels of Psychological Distress, their impact on the Information Technology professionals. This study also analyzed the Burnout intentions of the professionals regarding leaving their organizations. The study has suggestions for individual and systemic endeavors at employee stress management and working environment prevention approaches. The organizations should concentrate on various stress management activities and the involvement of both workers and management are crucial for the success of these activities. From this study, it can be concluded that prompt attention of the organization should be drawn so that they could take subjective measures to lessen the stress levels of their workers.


Agrocybe Aegerila was hydrolyzed with the enzyme hydrolytic in which papain and celluclase were added simultaneously.The conditions of extraction was screened with the content of α-amino nitrogen as marker by one-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment designed.Having estabilished optimal hydrolyzing condition:radio of celluclase to papain(0.15%)1∶1,temperature 60℃,pH6.0 for 240min,the content of α-amino nitrogen was 0.38g/100g.


The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of whey powder (WP) supplementation on chemical composition, silage fermentation, in vivo digestibility and net energy lactation (NEL) value of high dry matter (DM) alfalfa silage (Haylage). Alfalfa treated with different doses WP (0, 2, and 4%) were ensiled in plastic cans for 60 days. Nine Kıvırcık rams were used to estimated digestibilities of haylages in 3x3 Latin Square design with fifteen days experimental period. According to the results, the addition of WP significantly increased the DM of alfalfa haylage compared to the control whereas decreased ether extract, crude protein and crude ash. But, cell wall fraction rates of all groups were similar. Relative feed value and physical characteristics other than color improved in WP supplemented groups, and lactic acid rates increased in these groups. In terms of silo acids, the best values were found in the group with 4% WP. On the other hand, the addition of WP increased the organic matter digestibility of haylages, however the effect on other in vivo digestibility of crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen free extract and neutral detergent fiber was insignificant. Moreover, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and NEL values of haylages were found to be improved with the addition of WP. As a result, it was concluded that in order to obtain quality haylage in the ensiling of high DM and long chopped alfalfa, WP generally can be used as an alternative source of carbohydrates and a 4% whey powder dose can be recommended in the production of haylage especially in the sense of improving silage fermentation.


The relationship between surge voltage waveform and surge suppression components is analyzed.Based on the actually measured surge voltage waveform,the relationship between surge voltage waveform and the load is examined.


Unlike the traditional teaching which is instructor-oriented without students' active participation,case study has changed the landscape and focused more on fostering students' capability The teaching of Market Research and Forecast(MRF) shall aim at training survey and research skills on the foundation of theories by setting up a system where knowledge and capability are perfectly integrated.Many conditions need to be fulfilled for a successful case study,such as certain situations, appropriate case materials,sufficient discussion time in class and encouraging students' participation. Only by combining our teaching with the development of students' capability can we improve the overall aualitv of the students and our teaching.


The wind diesel system is greatly influenced by the wind speed and which is then combined with the diesel engine. Optimization of wind-diesel systems is needed to get good frequency quality and optimal power. The optimal setting of the gain and time constant on the Load Frequency Control (LFC) causes the frequency stability to be weak. In practice, the wind-diesel system is controlled by a PID controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller. At present the gain value setting of the PID is still in the conventional method, so it is difficult to get the optimal value. In this study the control design is applied by using the Smart Method in finding the optimum Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) based on Bat Algorithm (BA). For comparison, the method is used without a control method, conventional PID method, PID auto tune matlab method, PID-BA method, and PID-BA-ANFIS. Wind-diesel modeling uses the transfer function of wind turbine and diesel diagrams. From the results of research that has been done shows that the smallest undershoot on PID-BA-ANFIS, the smallest overshot on PID-BA-ANFIS, and the fastest settling time is equal to PID-BA-ANFIS. This research can later be continued using other artificial intelligence methods.


The objective of this chapter is to provision a comprehensive literature review of the most relevant approaches for conducting cybersecurity audits. The study includes auditing perspectives for specific scopes and the best practices that many leading organizations are providing for security and auditing professionals to follow. The chapter reviews relevant features for auditing approaches in the following order: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, ISO/IEC 27002:2013, Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) 2019, Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) 4, AICPA, ISACA, NIST SP 800-53, NIST CSF v1.1, IIA, PCI DSS, ITAF, COSO, ENISA, NERC CIP, and CSAM.


The scattering of electrons from argon atoms is studied by the method of polarized orbitals. The 3p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d perturbed orbital calculated using the Sternheimer approximation gives the polarizability 14.29${a}_{0}^{3}$. The perturbation of the orbitals 1s, 2s, 2p, and 3s is taken into account by renormalizing the 3p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d orbitals to give the experimental value 11.06${a}_{0}^{3}$. Using only the modified orbital in the total wave function, phase shifts for various partial waves have been calculated in the exchange, exchange-adiabatic, and polarized-orbital approximations. They are compared with the results of the previous calculations. The calculated total elastic, differential, and momentum-transfer cross sections are compared with the experimental results. The elastic total cross sections obtained in the polarized-orbital approximation agree very closely with the recently measured cross sections by Jost et al. and Nickel et al. The critical point (the value of ${k}^{2}$ and theta at which the differential cross section is minimum) is at 0.306 eV and 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, in good agreement with the measurements of Weyhreter et al.


Maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation adversely affect lung development of their children. High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is the encoded non‐histone, nuclear DNA‐binding protein that regulates transcription, and is involved in organization of DNA. Receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a receptor for HMGB1 and activates nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling. Animal and human studies have found cigarette smoke exposure upregulates RAGE expression, suggesting that the HMGB1‐RAGE pathway might be involved in maternal nicotine‐induced lung injury.


Association of the pink‐eye‐dilution gene (P) with hypopigmentation is seen in patients who have oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2) and Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) or Angelman syndrome (AS). However, it remains unknown whether duplication or amplification of the P gene causes hyperpigmentation. We previously reported a woman who had hyperpigmentation with a duplication of the proximal part of 15q, including the P gene. Here, we describe an additional patient with mosaicism of inv dup(15) and clinical manifestations of severe psychmoter retardation, epilepsy, and pigmentary dysplasia showing mottled and linear patterns of hyperpigmentation. His karyotype was 47,XY,+idic(15)(pter→q14::q14→pter)[38]/46,XY[12] de novo. Chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed six copies of the P gene. Therefore, his cutaneous mosaicism might be caused by the presence of both normal and hyperpigmented skin due to multicopies of the P gene. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In ordered partial metric spaces we introduced some fixed point results, without any type of commutativity of the concerned maps, we established coupled coincidence results. Also we give some results for nondecreasing mappings.


Heavy metal,a serious threat to the environment,is becoming a global issue. The problem of heavy metal pollution in water environment has been very popular. A lot of laws and regulations,standards and evaluation methods have been made both at home and abroad. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in water environment includes water quality direct assessment and evaluation of sediment. This paper,based on the monitoring data from 2012 to 2014 and using the direct evaluation method,evaluates the pollution of the heavy metal mercury,cadmium,lead,chromium and metalloid arsenic which have significant biotoxicity in surface water in Kaiyuan City,and analyzes the variation trend of the main pollutants and the causes of the pollution. In addition,the prevention suggestions are put forward.


Wronskian is one of the classical objects in the theory of ordinary dierential equations. For delay dierential equations this notion did not exist because of unnatural traditional definition of homogeneous equations, leading to an infinite-dimensional fundamental system. Azbelev's definition of homogeneous equations allowed to obtain a finite-dimensional space of solutions of delay equations and to construct on this base the theory of these equations similar to the classical one for ordinary dierential equations. Properties of Wronskian lead to important conclusions on behavior of solutions of delay equations. For instance, nonvanishing of Wronskian ensures Sturm's separation theorem (between two joint zeros of a solution there is a zero of each other nontrivial solution) for delay equations. An important use of Wronskian is the asymptotic behavior of delay equations. Thus a grouth of Wronskian implies existence of unbounded solutions of delay dierential equations. One of the results based on estimates of Wronskian's grouth is the following: all the solutions of the equation x 00 (t) + p(t)x(t (t)) = 0, t 2 [0,+1), with positive nondecreasing and bounded on [0,+1) coecient p(t) are bounded if and only if +1 R 0 (t)dt < 1. If p and are nonzero ! periodic functions the following assertion based on Sturm's separation theorem and estimates of Wronskian's grouth, is obtained: if distance between each two zeros of nontrivial solutions is dierent from 2 !, then all the solution of this equation are unbounded.


In the autumn of 1985, over 20,000 new undergraduates, who were about to start one of the five Open University Foundation courses in the following February, received a corresponding package of materials designed to prepare them for study. In this article, Fred Lockwood ‐ from the University's Institute of Educational Technology ‐reports the results of a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of these preparatory materials.


In modern Jinzhou in the revolution of 1911, the influence of Shashi port, Jingzhou urban and rural economy, there have been some changes, modern Jingzhou commercial and rural handicraft industry, agriculture etc. have different levels of development, and the influence and change of modern Jingzhou residents living in a certain extent.


CR1 and CR2 are expressed as associated proteins on the B‐lymphocyte surface. To investigate their respective contributions to the internalization of C3 fragments, transfected murine fibroblasts expressing human CR1, CR2, or both CR1 and CR2 were produced. CR1‐ and CR1–CR2‐expressing cells bound C3b and C3b‐dimer whereas CR2‐ and CR1–CR2‐expressing cells bound iC3b and C3de. In all cases, maximum binding was achieved at low ionic strength. CR1–CR2‐positive cells internalized two‐ to threefold more C3b and 1·5‐fold more iC3b than CR1‐ and CR2‐single‐positive cells, respectively. Internalization of the anti‐CR1 antibody J3D3, or C3de was at the same level, in both double‐transfected and single‐transfected cells. Furthermore, the internalization of C3b dimer by CR1–CR2 cells was impaired in the presence of OKB7, an anti‐CR2‐blocking antibody, but it was not altered in CR1 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that CR1 and CR2 collaborate to internalize C3b and iC3b proteins. We suggest that the induction of conformational changes of the ligands enhances their binding to both receptors.


This research was conducted to obtain the results of the effectiveness of the fun easy learn media in learning maharah kalam. This study uses a quantitative method with the type of pre-experimental one design group. The data collection technique used by the researcher in this study was the initial test and the final test. Respondents amounted to 30 people who are students of class VII. Then in this analysis there are also differences before and after treatment in the use of fun easy learn to improve vocabulary mastery (mufrodat) in maharah kalam. Where the descriptive analysis got the average results of the pretest 33.33 and the posttest 71.97, the Normality Test got normal results with a pretest value of sig. 200 and posttest sig.0,015 and Paired Test sample T-Test get the results of the mean pretest 37.23 and posttest 81.43.


The optical characteristics of surfaces on spacecraft are fundamental parameters in controlling its temperature. Passive thermal control coatings with designed solar absorptance and infrared emittance properties have been developed and have been in use for some time. In this total space environment, the coating must be stable and maintain its desired optical properties as well as mechanical properties for the course of the mission lifetime. The mission lifetimes are increasing and in our quest to save weight, newer substrates are being integrated which limit electrical grounding schemes. All of this has added to already existing concerns about spacecraft charging and related spacecraft failures or operational failures. The concern is even greater for thermal control surfaces that are very large. One way of alleviating such concerns is to design new thermal control material systems (TCMS) that can help to mitigate charging via providing charge leakage paths. The objective of this program was to develop two types of passive electrically conductive TCMS. The first was a highly absorbing/emitting black surface and the second was a low (alpha(sub s)/epsilon(sub N)) type white surface. The surface resistance goals for the black absorber was 10(exp 4) to 10(exp 9) Omega/square, and for the white surfaces it was 10(exp 6) to 10(exp 10) Omega/square. Several material system concepts were suggested and evaluated for space environment stability and electrical performance characterization. Our efforts in designing and evaluating these material systems have resulted in several developments. New concepts, pigments and binders have been developed to provide new engineering quality TCMS. Some of these have already found application on space hardware, some are waiting to be recognized by thermal designers, and some require further detailed studies to become state-of-the-art for future space hardware and space structures. Our studies on baseline state-of-the-art materials and conductive concepts have resulted in several important findings that are of interest to all thermal designers and systems integrators.


Includes a large number of reports on British and US companies' experience with computers in company training, in such areas as banking, manufacturing, the retail trade, transport and energy.


While the fast solar wind is generally thought to originate from coronal holes, the source of the slow solar wind is only known to be associated with the highly structured and highly variable streamer belt. There is growing evidence from multiple‐station intensity scintillation measurements of solar wind velocity—often referred to as IPS for interplanetary scintillation—that the slow wind originates in localized regions of the solar corona overlying the streamer belt. In this paper, velocity structure in the corona is investigated based on estimates obtained from the power spectra of single‐station intensity scintillation measurements. These measurements were conducted with the S‐ and X‐band (13 and 3.6 cm wavelengths, respectively) radio signals of Voyager 2 during its superior conjunctions in 1979 and 1982. Unlike previous studies, simultaneous estimates of density fluctuation from the same intensity scintillation measurements were available to provide the coronal context for the velocity measurements. Solar eclipse pictures show that with increasing heliocentric distance, coronal streamers taper to narrow extensions or stalks of angular size 1–2° by a few solar radii. Prominent enhancements in density fluctuation characterizing such streamer stalks are found to coincide with the low speed wind measured by Voyager 2, leading to the first observational evidence for streamer stalks as the long sought coronal sources of the slow solar wind.


The contribution of writer identification (WI) towards personal identification in biometrics traits is known because it is easily accessible, cheaper, more reliable and acceptable as compared to other methods such as personal identification based DNA, iris and fingerprint. However, the production of high dimensional datasets has resulted into too many irrelevant or redundant features. These unnecessary features increase the size of the search space and decrease the identification performance. The main problem is to identify the most significant features and select the best subset of features that can precisely predict the authors. Therefore, this study proposed the hybridization of GRA Features Ranking and Feature Subset Selection (GRAFeSS) to develop the best subsets of highest ranking features and developed discretization model with the hybrid method (Dis-GRAFeSS) to improve classification accuracy. Experimental results showed that the methods improved the performance accuracy in identifying the authorship of features based ranking invariant discretization by substantially reducing redundant features.


[Objective] To establish a novel real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method for plasma free DNA detec-tion. [Methods] Two recombinant vector, named pMD-18-T-GAPDH and pMD-18-T-SRY, was used as a standard tem-plate. The TaqMan probes were designed according to the gene sequences. Then PCR reaction system was optimized and evaluat-ed. [Results] We established 1 FQ-PCR method for detecting the GAPDH and 4 FQ-PCR methods for detecting the SRY. We also got the 5 kinetic curves and quantitative standard curve of FQ-PCR. There was reliable correlation between the template copies and the CT value ( r =0.97, 0.99, 0.98, 0.97, 0.99). [ Conclusion] The real -time fluorescent quantitative PCR method to detect plasma free DNA is successfully established. This method is sensitive and specific, and would be a potential method to detect plasma free DNA from maternal blood.


Technical process and effects of the treatment for DDNP wastewater from the chemical factory by flocculation-microelectrolysis were discussed.The best FeCl3 consumption is gotten through experiment,and then DDNP wastewater is treated by microelectrolysis in column device,with the influence of wastewater pH value,the Fe particle size and the flowing speed on the treatment effect being studied as well.By testing COD value of the wastewater after treatment,results show that the COD removal efficiency can amount to 93.90% under the optimum condition.


Purpose: To localize and compare the neural basis of verbal and visual human working memory, we performed functional activation study using PET. Materials and Methods: Repeated PET scans with one control and three different activation tasks were performed on six right-handed normal volunteers. Each activation task was composed of 13 match-ing trials. On each trial, four targets, a fixation dot and a probe were presented sequentially and subject's task was to press a response button to indicate whether or not the probe was one of the previous targets. Short meaningful Korean words, simple drawings and monochromic pictures of human faces were used as matching objects for verbal or visual memory. All the images were spatially normalized and the differences between control and activation states were statistically analyzed using SPM96. Results: Statistical analysis of verbal memory activation with short words showed activation in the left Broca's area, promoter cortex, cerebellum and right cingulate gyrus. In verbal memory with simple drawings, activation was shown in the larger regions including where activated with short words and left superior temporal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, prefrontal cortex, anterior portion of right superior temporal gyrus and right infero-lateral frontal cortex. On the other hand, the visual memory task activated predominantly right-sided structures, especially inferior frontal cortex, supplementary motor cortex and superior parietal cortex. Conclusion: The results are consistent with the hypothesis of the laterality and dissociation of the verbal and visual working memory from the invasive electrophysiological studies and emphasize the pivotal role of frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus in working memory system.


Another World AIDS Day, which happens on December 1 every year, was just days away when this piece was being published. Not only is now a good moment to reflect on all of the successes in HIV treatment and management, particularly MTCT, but it's also a good time to think about the challenges ahead. Pediatricians, as champions of children, must be more outspoken in informing patients, families, and communities about the dangers of sexually transmitted illnesses and HIV infection, as well as the importance of testing as part of routine primary care. Rather than being the exception, this should be the rule. Until and unless this strategy is embraced, new infections will continue to be seen in young individuals, and even those who are aware of their status will be hesitant to seek treatment.


This work investigated a quantitative evaluation of shear stress-related hemolysis in centrifugal blood pumps with different impeller designs.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) was applied to track the shear stress history of the particle streamlines.The power law model of the relations among the hemolysis, shear stress and exposure time was used to evaluate the hemolysis in the pumps. Hemolysis tests were also conducted to verify the index of hemolysis estimation.Both the estimations and experimentally measured hemolysis levels showed that the hemolysis in a streamlined impeller pump developed by the authors was lower than in the pump with straight vanes in the same boundary conditions.It was proved that CFD is a feasible,useful tool to evaluate the hemolysis levels in blood pumps.


The effect of polar potential on the electrochemistry behaviors of the calmodulin self assembled monolayer were first investigated in the 0.15mol/L NaCl solution containing 1 mmol/L Fe(CN) 3-/4- 6. The results demonstruteded that the spatial structure of CaM could vary with the polar potential.The more polarized potential was applied,the more denser structure of CaM could exhibit.These phenomena are meaningful to further study the physiological behavior of CaM under different electric potential environments.


We note first of all that the full title of Mary Shelley's book is Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus. If we take this title as a cryptic introduction to its subject matter, we come to understand the novel as exploring the consequences of an Enlightenment project that sought to replace the classical Greek Prometheus, who was the founder of Greek religion, with a modern surrogate representing modern industrial techno-science. The ancient Greek Prometheus had sought to liberate his people by separating mortals from immortals and thereafter reuniting them by means of a festive, religious ritual. By contrast, the modern pseudo-Prometheus promised to liberate humanity by effacing the division between heaven and earth and by seeking to make the natural scientific universe the ultimate object of all cultural activity. Modern human science, including academic and scientific psychology, should be counted among the offspring of this modern and progressive Prometheus. Mary Shelley's masterpiece describes the dang...


It is often difficult to teach intercultural concepts to students who have, or who think they have, few experiences to draw on. When Jane Elliott attempted to teach her White Iowa students about racial discriminatio,n she chose an attribute they already possessed, eye color. This small element that is a part of every human became the basis of a powerful lesson in discrimination. Many of our students at a small Midwestern liberal arts college have had little direct experience with what they consider "other" cultures. Because of their lack of experience, they often find it difficult to appreciate the importance of culture in their own lives and the lives of others. The exercise presented here uses a concept all students are to some degree familiar with, the family, to illustrate the problems and potential of intercultural interactions. This exercise has a number of possible applications and has been well received by participants in a variety of contexts.


The Southeastern Pamirs is considered as the Murgab-Aksuy zone, separate from the Central Pamirs. The Permo-Triassic of this zone is differentiated into three subzones stratigraphically: central or Istyk, intermediate, and marginal. Its isolation took place in the second half of the early Permian, following a deposition of thick elastic deposits. This isolation may have been associated with the major Pshart rift which served as a vent for Cretaceous granitic magma. Thick reef limestones were deposited in the central subzone in early Late Triassic, followed by Norian and Rhaetian sandstones and shales. A rapid emergence occurred at the Liassic boundary, to be followed by a new and differential subsidence. Another uplift and folding took place in the early Callovian, to be immediately followed by a slow subsidence. The Karakoram folding phase (end of Jurassic or beginning of Cretaceous) marked the end of sedimentation in the Murgab-Aksuy zone and introduced a new stage of development. An editorial emendatio...


Recently IPTV service is penetrating to the ordinary home users very swiftly. One of the first phase of IPTV service is considered to be VoD, and a nationwide availability of the VoD service imposes tremendous pressure to the network resource due to its requirements for the broad bandwidth, the inherent nature of unicast technology, and the large scalability, etc. This work suggests a novel and practical method to the design of network resource for the VoD service. Especially, we explore the distributed content storage problem that takes into account the popularity of the video contents and its corresponding link dimensioning problem that takes into account the grade of service for the flow level quality of service about the VoD service. By assuming a realistic topology for the nationwide IP backbone network of Korea, which is a typical tree topology, we suggest an analytic method for the design of VoD service.


The article presents an overview of the main foreign approaches to understanding and studying the phenomenon of experience. In descriptive psychology an experience plays a methodological role of an instrument providing transition from explanation of the inner life of a person to its description. In a phenomenological approach an experience is an uninterrupted flow, for the understanding of which it is necessary to impart a status of objectivity to it. For such purpose methods of phenomenological reduction and phenomenological description may be used. In psychoanalysis an emotional experience is a result of a conflict of desire and prohibition, to block the most traumatic of them an individual uses mechanisms of psychological protection. In an existential approach an experience is considered as an intersection of the external and the inner world, for its study a method of an existential analysis is suitable. In humanistic psychology peak experiences and "plateauexperiences" are distinguished. In a transpersonal approach experiences are considered as those going beyond the bounds of Ego, comprehension of such experiences is possible in a "mystical experience".


Patients with acute coronary syndromes have a high morbidity and mortality rates,which is a serious health problem.Now it has been confirmed that rupture or erosion of the vulnerable plaque,platelet aggregation and thrombogenesis in the coronary artery is the main pathogenesy of ACS.Vulnerable plaque in coronary artery is the primary pathological basis of ACS.Plaque rupture is the initiating factor of ACS.So it has important clinical significance to find the vulnerable plaques early and take some necessary measures to intervene it for decreasing the morbidity and mortality rates of the patients with ACS.Some plasma biomarkers have been believed the markers of the vulnerable plaques and used to predict the high risk patients and future cardiovascular events in patients with ACS,including high sensitiventy C-reactive protein and pregnancy associated plasma protein-A,etal.This article reviews the new development of the plasma biomarkers of the vulnerable plaque.


In The Birth of the Codex , published in 1983, his co-author, the late C. H. Roberts, and the author put forward, two alternative hypotheses to explain the extraordinary predilection of the early Christians for the codex form of book as opposed to the roll. When Colin Roberts published his magisterial monograph The Codex in 1954 there were 22 known papyrus fragments of the Gospels, ranging in date from the 2nd century to the 6th or 7th. Since then 20 more Gospel fragments have come to light, and again everyone is from a codex. Of course other Gospels still circulated freely, and continued to be read and quoted. But inevitably the selection of the Four and their physical unity in the Codex gave them, right from the start, an authority and prestige which no competitor could hope to rival. The Four-Gospel Canon and the Four-Gospel Codex are thus inseparable. Keywords: Colin Roberts; Four-Gospel Canon; Four-Gospel Codex; papyrus fragments


In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease, loss of muscle mass is an important contributor to the loss of muscle strength in RA patients. Myostatin, a myokine involved in the process of muscle hypertrophy and myogenesis, enhances osteoclast differentiation and inflammation. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of myostatin in RA synovial inflammation. We found a positive correlation between myostatin and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), a well‐known proinflammatory cytokine, in RA synovial tissue. Our in vitro results also showed that myostatin dose‐dependently induced TNF‐α expression through the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)–Akt–AP‐1 signaling pathway. Myostatin treatment of human MH7A cells stimulated AP‐1‐induced luciferase activity and activation of the c‐Jun binding site on the TNF‐α promoter. Our results indicated that myostatin increases TNF‐α expression via the PI3K–Akt–AP‐1 signaling pathway in human RA synovial fibroblasts. Myostatin appears to be a promising target in RA therapy.


by James Leming, Lucien Ellington, Kathleen Porter-Magee 08/01/2003 This new report from the Thomas B. Fordham Foundation consists of penetrating critiques by renegade social studies educators who fault the regnant teaching methods and curricular ideas of their field and suggest how it can be reformed. While nearly everyone recognizes that American students don't know much about history and civics, these analysts probe the causes of this ignorance-and lay primary responsibility at the feet of the social studies "establishment" to which they belong. Copyright ©2003-2006 The Thomas B. Fordham Foundation. All Rights Reserved.


Apparatus for evaluating the severity of stenosis in a blood vessel comprises an elongate body including a distal portion and a centering assembly. Centering assembly is operable to selectively centering the elongate body within the vessel. The pressure sensor is disposed adjacent to the centering assembly, and is configured to detect a fluid pressure in the vessel. Processing system, a pressure sensor, receiving the measured pressure, receives the data representing the cross-sectional area of the blood vessel, receives the data representing the size of the distal portion, the offset correlation based on the size of the size and the blood vessel of the distal portion is calculated, and calculates the offset correlated with measured fluid pressure and flow reserve ratio for that vessel as an index of stenosis severity into account from the pressure sensor (FFR).


diM It is no unknown fact that South African learners underachieve in mathematics. Due to the fact that the quality of mathematics teaching is one possible factor that·has an influence on learners' mathematics achievement, there are valid reasons questioning the conceptual mathematical knowledge of mathematics teachers. In order to facilitate conceptual understanding teachers themselves must possess profound mathematical knowledge. Apart from the influence of a teacher's knowledge for teaching, teachers' attitudes and beliefs play a meaningful role in the way they teach mathematics. The deficient nature of prospective and practising teachers' knowledge of school mathematics, as well as their attitudes and beliefs towards mathematics has serious implications for the training of prospective mathematics teachers. Literature reveals that a technologically enhanced environment can improve the conceptual learning of prospective mathematics teachers. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of a dynamic technologically enhanced environment on the attitudes and beliefs, as well as the conceptualisation of prospective mathematics teachers regarding the function concept. In this study, prospective teachers were exposed to Geometer's Sketchpad®, a dynamic software programme providing a powerful learning context that promotes the investigation of algebraic relationships. In order to answer the research question, an explanatory mixed method design was used. In the quantitative part of the study, the Study Orientation Questionnaire in Mathematics and a function test were administered to prospective teachers. In the latter, conceptualisation of the function concept was measured in terms of four competence components, namely interpretation, modelling, translation and reification. In the qualitative part of the investigation semi-structured and task-based interviews were held with a group of prospective teachers. Analysis of the results revealed that the dynamic technologically enhanced environment did not contribute to an improvement of the prospective teachers' attitudes and beliefs. In fact, these decreased visibly. Regarding their conceptualisation, only the reification component showed a practically significant improvement.


The significant factors that contribute to the success of the mobile service delivery are the Quality of Service (QoS) and the mobile connectivity.

The mobile service infrastructure must be QoS-aware in addition to context-aware. In this paper, we propose to develop a QoS-aware mobile service infrastructure for

context construction and discovery. The choice of connectivity and adaptation of application protocol parameters can be intelligently made on the basis of the available

information about these offered-QoS. We implement a QoS-predictions server as a part of the QoS and context aware service infrastructure to attain the objectives. In

addition, we develop a QoS aware Context Construction protocol. As per the requirements of a specific mobile host mentioned in the context definition, for a set of

mobile hosts which are parts of the context defined, a cost effective routing tree is constructed and maintained dynamically. In the given context, only the hosts are

employed to carry out Context-sensitive operations through a cooperative effort. By simulation results, we show that our QoS-aware architecture attains ore

throughput with low delay in acquiring the service.


Small-multiple displays are frequently used for visual comparison by juxtaposition. Explicitly encoding differences between cells enables to convey also minor differences in the data, but requires to specify references for the comparison which is non-trivial in views with a complex layout. This paper proposes DiffPin an interaction technique to flexibly specify references for cells in small-multiple views. DiffPin enables an easy and fast specification of references on different levels of the visualization (e.g. cell, row, column), even in complex small-multiple views containing nested axes or subtotals. The paper provides considerations for visual encodings in comparative small-multiple displays using DiffPin, and proposes strategies for visually discriminating reference data from compared data for specific visualization types. Initial qualitative user feedback indicates that users are intuitively able to use the provided interactions to quickly and efficiently perform comparative tasks. CCS Concepts •Human-centered computing → Interaction techniques; Visual analytics;


Economic growth, which in 2006 accelerated to 3.2 percent, showed no signs of moderation at the beginning of 2007. Judging from business surveys, the economic climate continues to be excellent, and investment plans for 2007 have been revised noticeably upwards. The situation on the labour market has been improving considerably. As a result, consumer confidence is strengthening and the probability of a revival of private consumption, which could prolong the economic upswing, is increasing.


Appearance potentials and excess kinetic energies have been determined for the ions produced by the ionization and dissociation of nitromethane by electron impact in a mass spectrometer. Bond dissociation energies and mechanisms of fragmentation have been deduced where possible. D(CH3–NO2) has been found to be 2.56 volts, a value in agreement with thermochemical data. The dissociation and ionization process yielding NO+, the most abundant ion in the nitromethane mass spectrum, is believed to yield, at the same time, a CH3O radical. A new value for the ionization potential of NO2, 9.91 volts, is reported.


Cholesleric liquid crystals are an exciting new medium for the visual arts. A review of the properties of free and encapsulated liquid crystals is given with emphasis on practical aspects of interest to artists. The increased color gamut and change of color with angle of viewing and ambient temperature are explained. It is shown to be possible to express several aspects or experiences of the the same theme as the angle of viewing or the temperature changes. In a sculpture or relief coated with liquid crystals, inclined planes and curved surfaces are accentuated by a shift in color, as they are seen from a more oblique angle than the surfaces facing the viewer. Unlike with pigments, a layer of liquid crystals is nearly transparent to white light. Only a narrow band of wavelength is reflected and it appears as a relatively pure and saturated color. A great range of color combinations can be created by superimposing two or more colored layers. As the colors of the liquid crystals add, as in the case for colored lights, they open up interesting possibilities for new artistic expression. Photographs of paintings and sculptures that illustrate the above effects are included.


After the U.S. led coalition forces attacked Al Qaeda and Taliban infrastructure in Afghanistan beginning in October 2001, the epicenter of global terrorism moved from Afghanistan to tribal Pakistan. Known as the Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) in Pakistan, this region has emerged as the premier hunting ground for the Al Qaeda leadership. With the co-option of new groups in FATA and its adjacent North Western Frontier Province (NWFP), the Al Qaeda threat has proliferated. The threat posed by the Afghan Taliban has been compounded with the addition of a new range of actors notably the Pakistani Taliban. Working together with multiple threat groups, both foreign and Pakistani, Al Qaeda directs its global jihad campaign from FATA. Unless the terrorist enclave is cleared on the Afghan-Pakistan border, the threat to Afghanistan and mainland Pakistan will continue. This article seeks to map the evolution of Al Qaeda and its associated groups since their relocation to FATA.


The reaction of 4,5-diamino-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-6-ones 1 with one equivalent of the chalcones 2 leads in an acidic medium to the formation of the 2,4-diaryl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepin-6-ones 3a-m. The structure elucidation of the products is based on detailed nmr investigations including selective 13C[1H] decoupling experiments.


Regarding to the characteristic of Gbest model and Lbest model in original particle swarm optimization, a neighborhood topology structure is developed,called multi-cluster structure.Moreover,a varying neighborhood strategy based on multi-cluster is proposed to coordinate exploration and exploitation.Furthermore,the information dissemination of several topologies is analyzed theoretically,and the statistical properties of canonical topologies and varying neighborhood topology are analyzed from graph theory.Gaussian dynamic particle swarm with several canonical topologies and varying topology are tested on five benchmark functions which are commonly used in the evolutionary computation.Experimental simulation results demonstrate that dynamic probabilistic particle swarm optimization with the varying neighborhood topology can solve complex optimization problems and escape from local optimal solutions efficiently.The results also reveal that the proposed method enhances the global search ability obviously.


In this paper,principal components regression combining with fluorescence spectroscopy technology was used to analyze the multi-component spectra data arose by overlap of the spectrum,and detect anthracene and pyrene in the mixed system at the same time.Moreover,the computer program of principal components regression was based on Mtalab 7.0,model was built by spectra matrix and used to forecast the unknown samples.The experimental result indicates the average recovery of each component is in the range from 99.825% to 108.86%,multi-component can be quantitatively analyzed without any pre-separation and satisfactory results are obtained.


Methods for the assessment of the reliability and redundancy of post-tensioned trusses are suggested. The effect of tendon layout on the reliability and redundancy of post-tensioned trusses is investigated. Post-tensioning enlarges the elastic range, increases fatigue resistance, redundancy, reliability, and reduces deflection and member stresses.


Objective To investigate the effect of high volume hemofiltration(HVHF)on oxygen delivery(DO2)in shock dogs induced by endotoxin(lipopolysaccharide,LPS).Methods Sixteen hybrid male dogs were injected with LPS to establish model of endotoxin shock.The dogs were randomly divided into two groups to receive ventilation and liquid therapy.Meanwhile the dogs in therapy group received the treatment of HVHF,but control group received a sham treatment.Blood dynamics MAP、CO etc.were recorded at the point of basic、model and 1、2、3、4 h and SVR、PVR were caculated.PaO2、SaO2 etc.were measured respectively at the point of basic、model and 4 h.Pa O2/FiO2、DO2、VO2 were calculated.Results ①MAP and CO at 3、4 h in therapy group were higher than those at model time(P0.01).However,MAP and CO at 4 h in control group were lower than those at model time(P0.01).MAP and CO at 3、4 h in therapy group were higher than the corresponding ones in control group.②PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 at 4 h in therapy group increased to both at model time(P0.01),and the both at 4 h in control group decreased than those at model time(P0.01).DO2 at 4 h in therapy group was significantly higher than that in control group(P0.05).Conclusion HVHF can increase DO2 in septic shock with hypodynamics state by increasing cardiac output and improving oxygenation.


Abstract. Let A={x∈ℝ 2N+2 :0<a<|x|<b}${A=\lbrace x\in \mathbb {R}^{2N+2} : 0< a< |x| <b\rbrace }$ be an annulus. Consider the following singularly perturbed elliptic problem on A: -ε 2 ▵u+|x| α u=|x| α u p ${-\varepsilon ^2{\triangle u} + |x|^{\alpha }u = |x|^{\alpha }u^p}$ in A, u > 0 in A, ∂u ∂ν=0$\frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu } = 0$ on ∂A$\partial A$ , where 1<p<2 * -1${1<p<2^*-1}$ . We shall show that there exists a positive solution u ε ${u_\varepsilon }$ concentrating on an S1 orbit as ε→0${\varepsilon \rightarrow 0}$ . We prove this by reducing the problem to a lower-dimensional one and analyzing a single point concentrating solution in the lower-dimensional space. We make precise how the single peak concentration depends on the parameter α.


Autonomous and connected vehicles are an emerging technology which may prove to be the next big evolution in transportation. As of now, major vehicle manufacturing industries are developing their own prototype autonomous cars with plans to eventually release this technology to market, in full scale, up to 2030. Despite enthusiastic speculation about the potential benefits of autonomous and connected vehicles, to date little is known about the factors that will affect consumers' acceptance or rejection of this developing technology. Gaining acceptance from end users and consumers will be critical to the widespread deployment of autonomous-connected cars. In this context the present paper describes a survey conducted by means of a questionnaire methodology distributed to undergraduate and postgraduate university students in Greece. The responses from the people participated in this survey show that performance expectancy and trust in automation could be some of the key factors influencing public attitudes towards the implementation of autonomous and connected vehicles in future transportation scheme.


In this paper we will present networking concepts for vertically integrated radio over fibre networks that include complex network functions. We explore the issue that are involved in the construction of dynamically reconfigurable radio-over-fibre networks


As a part of a damage tolerance assessment, the goal of this research is to estimate the two-dimensional crack propagation trajectory and its accompanying stress intensity factors (SIFs) using the adaptive finite element method. The adaptive finite element code was developed using the Visual Fortran language. The advancing-front method is used to construct an adaptive mesh structure, whereas the singularity is represented through construction of quarter-point single elements around the crack tip. To generate an optimal mesh, an adaptive mesh refinement procedure based on the posteriori norm stress error estimator is used. The splitting node strategy is used to model the fracture, and the trajectory follows the successive linear extensions for every crack increment. The stress intensity factors (SIFs) for each crack extension increment are calculated using the displacement extrapolation technique. The direction of crack propagation is determined using the theory of maximum circumferential stress. The present study is carried out for two geometries, namely a rectangular structure with two holes and one central crack, and a cracked plate with four holes. The results demonstrate that, depending on the position of the hole, the crack propagates in the direction of the hole due to the unequal stresses at the crack tip, which are caused by the hole's influence. The results are consistent with other numerical investigations for predicting crack propagation trajectories and SIFs.


The raw materials of the timber industry, especially furniture, are increasingly difficult to obtain in the quantity and quality needed. The development efforts carried out were utilizing Nipah coir waste as a raw material for making particle boards. Particle boards are panel boards made of wood particles or materials containing lignocellulose. Nipah plants contain 27.3% lignin and 36.5% cellulose which has the potential to be used as raw material for particleboard production. This study aims to reveal the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from Nipah fruit fibre with adhesive using tapioca flour. The making of particle board is done with a ratio of 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%: 30%, 60%: 40%, by giving a pressure of 100 kg / cm2. Particle testing is carried out according to the JIS A 5908 standard (2003). From this study, the optimum results were obtained in variations of 60%:40%. The particle physical properties which have an average density value of 1.15 gr / cm3 and an average moisture content of 5.8%. While the mechanical properties obtained by the value of Modulus of Elasticity an average of 21,188.93 kg / cm2. This shows the particle board variations of 60%: 40% produced to meet the JIS A 5908 (2003) standard. Based on the analysis of the quality variations 60%: 40% of particle boards can be recommended as raw materials for interior furniture.


The invention discloses a system and a method for automatically configuring ZigBee node modules of a ZigBee control network. The system for automatically configuring the ZigBee node module of the ZigBee control network comprises an upper control machine, a ZigBee gateway in communication connection with the upper control machine and at least one ZigBee node module in communication connection with the ZigBee gateway. The ZigBee node modules comprise dormant ZigBee node modules and non-dominant ZigBee node modules. The upper control machine is used for transmitting a setting instruction to a specified ZigBee node module through the ZigBee gateway. The setting instruction comprises setting information for the specified ZigBee node module and an identifier (ID) of the specified ZigBee node module.


Thermal performance of any building component is the result not only of its thermophysical properties but also of a way of final installation and connections altogether of their all elements. In addition, thermal leakage and bridging in buildings can eventually contribute to a multitude of problems. The thermal bridge is the place in the building envelope through which heat transfer has a multi-dimensional nature. That is why in recent studies, the issue of heat transfer phenomena in the building components is considered as a multi-dimensional more frequently. One of the specific details that create thermal leakage is located in balcony slabs. This paper is focused on detailed analysis of thermal performance of thermal break element applied in balcony slab with relation to the thermal aspects of wall building envelope. Particular cases of commonly used balcony systems in buildings are observed related to multi-dimensional and parametric approach of modeling. As result of analyzed thermal aspects, such as importance of building envelope type and its thermal performance, variations of thermal properties, are presented as study findings that affected thermal bridges magnitude and resultant thermal performance of balcony slab detail.


This paper analyzed the error of two methods of printer fuzzy identification by a case of laser printer identification.By error analysis of single method and united method,it evaluated the reliability of two methods about printer identification.The first method,got the type of printer by fuzzy evaluation of correlative specific area of character image.The second method,idantified the printer by the similar FTIR spectrum graphics of black-powder of laser printer based on the wavenumbers,the first derivative,the second derivative and the self-deconvolution of FTIR spectrum graphics.With the calculation of correlation of above two methods,the error was analyzed by fuzzy synthetic evaluation about them. The result showed that the difference was obvious between single method and united method.


The thesis is devoted to the problem of teenagers' safe behavior formation on the Internet. In the dissertation the author defines the essence of safe behavior of teenagers on the Internet; determines activities and risks on the Internet; analyzes the experience of formation of safe behavior of teenagers in the Internet; substantiates the factors which affect the formation of teenagers' safe behavior on the Internet, the criteria, indicators, and levels of teenagers' safe behavior on the Internet; describes the models of risky, ambivalent and safe behavior on the Internet; defines, characterizes and proves the social-pedagogical conditions of formation of teenagers' safe behavior on the Internet at secondary schools (the implementation of a comprehensive program of formation of teenagers' safe behavior on the Internet; ensuring the active participation of teenagers in the formation of safe behavior on the Internet; parents' training in the formation of children's safe behavior on the Internet through education and prevention activities; the organization of work of a multidisciplinary expert team).


This report describes the calculation of scenarios which have been defined to demonstrate the value of the EERA-DTOC tool. Thereto it should be realized that the value of the EERA-DTOC tool could best be demonstrated by a comparison with measurements but the intended clusters for which the tool is developed are still mainly in the planning phase by which measurements to validate the tool are lacking. However, by the calculation of likely scenarios, the industrial usefulness of the tool can still be tested where moreover an 'expert view' on the results will be carried out in order to check their degree of reality. Therefore several scenarios are described which are denoted as the 'base and the near future scenario', i.e. scenarios which are still relatively close to the present state of the art wind farm (clusters). This is in particular true for the base scenario which is described as a scenario which reflects 'the current way of thinking'. The near future scenario goes beyond the current way of thinking by using upscaled turbines. The description of these scenarios is given in D5.2 The base scenario considers a 500MW wind farm which consists of hundred turbines with a rated power of 5 MW at the location where the Race Bank wind farm is planned under the UK Round 2. This farm is planned 27 km from the North Norfolk coast at the Eastern part of England. The Race Bank farm is surrounded by several other wind farms which are either operational or under construction. The turbine which is selected for this farm is the reference turbine from the former EU project Upwind, since this turbine is described in detail in public literature and reflects the current state of the art wind turbine technology. The near future scenario assumes a 1 GW wind farm and is located at the Dogger Bank in the North Sea. It consists of 100 turbines with a rated power of 10 MW. Although 10 MW turbines are not on the market yet the INNWIND.EU reference wind turbine has been selected since a full description of this turbine is available. Moreover a far future scenario is defined which refers to a time line of some 15 year. It consists of large clusters (up to 10 GW) where some of the farms in the cluster are differently sized and contain floating turbines. The far future scenario includes several grid planning options, both for the export to the mainland as for interconnecting wind farms in the cluster. It even includes interconnections with other development zones or even to other countries, combining wind power export and cross-border electricity trade.