In this article, based on the rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT), we propose a novel and efficient motion planning algorithm using bidirectional RRT search. First, a RRT extend function is used to organize the sampled states under kinodynamic constraints. Meanwhile, the bidirectional search strategy is implemented to grow a forward tree and backward tree simultaneously in the tree extension process. When these two trees meet each other, the backward tree will act as a heuristic to guide the forward tree to continuously grow toward the goal state, where the algorithm switches to unidirectional search mode. Therefore, the two-point boundary value problem (BVP) in the connection process is avoided, and the extension process gets much accelerated. We also prove that probabilistic completeness is guaranteed. Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs much better than the state-of-the-art algorithms in different environments. Note to Practitioners—The motivation of this work is to develop an efficient sampling-based motion planning algorithm for mobile robots. Conventional sampling-based algorithms are time-consuming to find a feasible solution under differential constraints. When applying bidirectional search strategy to improve them, the complex 2-point BVP is required to solve. In this article, the backward free is regarded as a heuristic to guide the tree growth. On the one hand, the advantage of bidirectional search is retained. On the other hand, the 2-point BVP is avoided. Therefore, the bidirectional-unidirectional technique can achieve efficient robot motion planning. The proposed algorithm can be extended to other specified sampling-based algorithms to further improve their performance. Besides, it can be also applied to autonomous driving, service robot and medical robots to achieve efficient motion planning.


The behaviors of keyhole formation determine to a great degree the deep penetration welding process and the weld depth-width ratio in welding of medium and large thickness plates. Obtaining a deep insight into the dynamic keyholing process in the weld pool in plasma arc welding is of great significance for widening the process parameter-widow and improving the process robustness as well as weld quality stability. Based on the Level-Set theory, a numerical model is developed to describe the keyhole behaviors in the weld pool in stationary plasma arc welding (PAW), and employed to track the evolution process of keyhole boundary. In this paper, the fluid flow fields in both the plasma and the keyhole regions are constructed according to the experimental and simulation data in the previous literatures. The combined volumetric heat source model is used to numerically analyze the transient temperature field and then to determine the weld pool geometry. The algorithm of Level-Set theory combined with the transient thermal conduction model is used to determine the evolution of both keyhole and weld pool geometry at different time steps. The dynamic information on the weld pool and keyhole geometry and sizes under a few process conditions is obtained by the numerical simulation of keyholing phenomena in welding of stainless steel plates. It is found that a complete keyhole is established at 2.7 and 2.5 s for the current levels of 170 and 180 A, respectively. During the stationary PAW process, the cross-section geometry of keyhole transforms from U-shape at initial stage to V- shape later and shows finally a hyperbola shape after a complete keyhole is formed. The numerical analysis of keyhole formation is verified by measuring the efflux plasma voltage signals at the moment of keyholing.


Device-quality GaAs layers have been grown on silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Microwave MESFET's (gate length of ~0.8 µm) with transconductance of 140 mS/ mm,f_{\max} = 20GHz, andf_{T} = 8.3GHz have been fabricated in these layers.


Coordinated and efficient distribution center is important for the standardization and modernization construction of chain operation for chain enterprise. As to book chain enterprises in China, it's a common issue for them as lacking of efficient distribution center and it's essential that every book chain enterprise have a scientific and rational managed distribution center. Therefore, the paper analyzed the status and problems of book chain enterprises in China while taking Xinhua Bookstore as an example, and proposed solving methods for them.


A NEEDLE-FREE system to reduce the number of sharps injuries to nurses and other staff should be considered by the NHS, RCN infection control adviser Dee May said last week.


The effective carrier mobility in HfO2-based n- and p-metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors and in their control SiO2 devices has been investigated as a function of temperature for three different silicon crystal orientations (100), (111), and (110). For both HfO2 and SiO2, the electron mobility is steadily reduced between these orientations, whereas the hole mobility exhibits the opposite trend. The mobility-temperature dependence follows a power law μ∼μoTα, and the exponent α varies also systematically with Si orientation and carrier type. The main finding is the presence of two temperature ranges with specific exponent values α1 and α2 occurring only for holes and for the (100) and (111) orientations. This crossover with rising temperature is explained by the progressive scattering of Si light holes that form the first excited states above the heavy-hole ground state. The same observation in SiO2∕Si(100) points to scattering by acoustic phonons in bulk Si. In addition to the contribution o...


The prevention and management of violence and aggression (PMVA) in mental health inpatient settings raises a number of issues for staff involved in this type of intervention. The aim of this chapter is to outline some of the issues pertinent to staff and review historical and current influences for physical restraint. It discusses the physical risks that may be posed by a restraint, including prone restraint concerns, and reviews the public health model in relation to care planning around the management of disturbed behaviour—looking at the use of primary, secondary, and tertiary level interventions. In addition, the chapter discusses risk assessment and the decision-making process involved in a restraint. Finally, before considering the future directions of PMVA, legislation relevant to restraint is reviewed within the UK setting.


Abstract For a number of years, work has been carried on by the Texas Station to determine the value of cottonseed meal as a feed for laying hens. Reasonably good egg-production resulted from its use and the mortality was not excessive. In 1926, eggs produced by this feed were placed in storage to see whether they would store well. They did not hold up under refrigeration; the color of the yolks ranged from mottled yellow to red and from that to greenish brown or nearly black, while the whites varied from normal color to a light pink. The yolks were spongy, some resembled gelatin in consistency. In January of this year, the Texas Station published Bulletin No. 376, which recorded the effects of various rations on the storage quality of the eggs produced. Varying amounts of cottonseed meal were used, in some cases with abundant green feed and in other cases . . .


With the acceleration of urbanization,based on the steel concrete composite structure,a new type of structure named latticed shell-concrete composite structure is appeared.Latticed shell make the tower beautiful but also bring a lot of problems,one of them is influence of the sunshine temperature difference.In this paper a typical example for Jiayuguan weather tower are given,with the software of ANSYS the effects of the difference of temperature on this structure was analyzed.The results indicated that considering the sunshine temperature has much influence on sideway of concrete cylinder and stress of latticed shell,which can be used as references for similar works.


The ground state properties of light closed shell nuclei, i.e. 4He, 12C, 16O, 28Si, 32S, 40Ca and 56Ni are studied by using the channel-dependent effective two-body interactions (CDEI's). The CDEI's are generated through the lowest-order constrained variational (LOCV) calculation for asymmetric nuclear matter with the charge-dependent Av18 bare nucleon–nucleon potential. The work is performed on the harmonic oscillator basis, and the local density approximation is applied to create the relative and the center of mass dependent effective two-body potential. Unlike nuclear matter, and similar to our previous calculations with the Reid68 interaction, while the Av18 potential under binds above nuclei up Jmax = 2 channel, it gives ground state binding energies closer to the experimental data with respect to the Δ- Reid68 and the Reid68 potentials. There are not much difference between the results of Av18 interaction with Jmax = 5, and those of Reid68Day potential which has been define up to Jmax = 5. The different CDEI's up to Jmax = 5 are discussed and the results of our calculations are compared with the other theoretical approaches and experimental data. Finally, it is shown that the contributions of higher partial waves (J>2) are not very important and the two-body kinetic energy in J = 1 channel is roughly twice as that of J = 0 which is not the case for the two-body potential energy.


This article, after analyzing the genesis and decline of disadvantaged neighbourhoods with social difficulties, studies the phenomena of segregation and stigmatisation of this kind of neighbourhoods in France. Nowadays, these neighbourhoods tend to be defined as ghettos, which have become the central socio-political problem of French society. The media and political speech are fed by their exclusion, urban violence, delinquency of young people, family submissiveness, insecurity and community fallback. Therefore, it becomes necessary to study the territorial stigmatisation and the strategies of social avoidance, provided that the bad reputation of these neighbourhoods leads their neighbours to have ambivalent attitudes and to withdraw in the family sphere. All this is not incompatible with a strong sociability, solidarity and organisation of community life.


Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering)) – University of Stellenbosch, 2011.%%%%ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The removal of grape berries from the stems is an important step in the wine
making process. Various problems are experienced using the destemming
machines currently available, where the berries are mechanically removed and
separated from the stems by a rotating beater shaft and drum. Not all berries are
removed from the stems and broken stems can end up with the removed berries
which can result in unwanted characters and flavours in the wine. The
development of these machines is currently limited to experimental tests.
In this study, the destemming process was investigated experimentally. The
ability of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to simulate this process was also
investigated. A range of experiments was designed to obtain the material
properties of the grapes. These experiments included the measurement of the
stem stiffness and break strength, the berry stiffness, and the force needed to
remove a berry from the stem.
Experiments were conducted to gain further insight into the destemming process.
Firstly, a simplified destemming machine with only a beater shaft and a single
grape bunch was built. The influence of the bunch size and the speed of the
beater shaft on the number of berries removed from the stems were investigated.
Secondly, field tests on a commercial destemming machine were conducted and
the performance of the machine was measured.
A DEM model of both the simplified and the commercial destemming machine
were built. Commercial DEM software was used with linear contact and bond
models. The stems were built from spherical particles bonded together and a
single spherical particle was used to represent each berry. The measured
stiffnesses and break strengths were used to set the particle and bond
properties. Modelling the simplified destemming machine, it was found that the
DEM model could accurately predict the effect of the bunch size and the speed of
the beater shaft on the number of berries removed from the stems. The model of
the commercial destemming machine could accurately predict the machine's
performance in terms of the number of berries removed as well as the number of
broken stems.%%%%AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verwydering van druiwekorrels vanaf die stingels is 'n belangrike stap tydens
die wynmaak proses. Verskeie probleme word ondervind met huidige beskikbare
ontstingelaars, waar die korrels meganies verwyder en skei word vanaf die
stingels deur middel van 'n roterende klop-as en drom. Nie alle korrels word vanaf
die stingels verwyder nie en gebreekte stingels kan saam met die verwyderde
korrels beland, wat ongewensde karakters en geure in die wyn kan veroorsaak.
Die ontwikkeling van ontstingelaars is tans beperk tot eksperimentele toetse.
In hierdie studie is die ontstingel proses eksperimenteel ondersoek Die vermoe
van die Diskrete Element Metode (DEM) om hierdie proses te simuleer is ook
ondersoek. 'n Reeks eksperimente is ontwikkel om die…


Dirty paper coding (DPC) is a non-linear transmit scheme in presence of known interference, which is capacity achieving. Unfortunately, the implementation complexity of DPC is usually prohibitive. A sub-optimal yet practical method to implement DPC in inter-symbol interference channels is Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP). However, THP is not applicable to the constant-envelope phase shift keying (PSK) modulation. In this study, a modified Tomlinson-Harashima precoder is proposed to implement DPC for PSK modulation. The technique involves design of decision region at the receiver side and an algorithm to select the phase of transmitted symbol optimally at the transmitter side accordingly. Various patterns, namely, striped, checked, hexagonal, and radial are proposed and examined. Simulation results show that by using the proposed equaliser, the error floor is eliminated and significantly smaller bit-error rate is achieved. Numerical and simulation results show that the striped pattern outperforms other decision region designs. Moreover, its implementation and computational complexities is almost the same as the Tomlinson-Harashima precoder.


TODAY IS says the relic of a calendar on the wall. It has no numbers no ephemeral slips of paper to flutter down into the trash can like the autumn leaves that gather under the perimeter of trees marking another passage. Here in the nursing home the numbers are irrelevant. We know them all how quickly they pass in review or out of sight behind the mind's distractions. Next to me my roommate's tired fingers wander aimlessly over the sheets disconnected from the solemn admonition: TODAY IS.


workshop jointly organized by the Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland and the Center for International Development and Conflict Management


Theoretical computations have been carried out on ridge acoustic surface waves using the finite-element method. The results obtained agree substantially with experiments performed previously.


Carbon tariffs link up with climate and international trade,it will give significant influence on Chinese international trade.This article analyzes the rationality and feasibility of linking international trade with carbon emissions from the angles of economics and law etc,and puts forward the position and measures of China on this subject.


The removal of As(III) from its aqueous solutions by adsorption on homogeneous mixture of china clay and fly ash in equal proportions has been found to be dependent on various operating parameters such as concentration, temperature and pH. The As(III) removal is favourable at low concentration, high temperature and slightly basic condition at pH 8.0. The applicability of Langmuir isotherm in present system suggests the formation of monolayer coverage of As(III) molecules at the outer surface of the adsorbent. Thennodynamic parameters indicate the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. Adsorption kinetics studied using the model suggested by Lagergren infers a first order rate expression.


According to the woody,herbaceous,meteorological and hydrological observation data in Shapotou District,Zhongwei City,Ningxia Province from 1981 to 2011,the local phenological observation data was analyzed with statistical method.The results showed that with climate warming,spring budding period is 3-4 d in advance,the prosperity period in autumn is delayed for 3-4 d and the growing season prolongs 6-8 d in Shapotou District in the past 30 years.In addition,some observation technologies were discussed and some meteorological and hydrological phenomena climate index and phenological observation notes were summarized.


We are pleased to present the papers from the Australasian Health Informatics and Knowledge Management (HIKM) conference stream held on 20 January 2011 in Perth as a session of the Australasian Computer Science Week (ASCW) 2011. Formerly HIKM was named Health Data and Knowledge Management, however the inclusion of the health informatics term is timely given the current health reform. The submissions to HIKM 2011 demonstrated that Australasian researchers lead with many research and development innovations coming to fruition. Some of these innovations can be seen here, and we believe further recognition will accomplish by continuation to HIKM in the future.

The HIKM conference is a review of health informatics related research, development and education opportunities. The conference papers were written to communicate with other researchers and share research findings, capturing each and every aspect of the health informatics field. They are namely: conceptual models and architectures, privacy and quality of health data, health workflow management patient journey analysis, health information retrieval, analysis and visualisation, data integration/linking, systems for integrated or coordinated care, electronic health records (EHRs) and personally controlled electronic health records (PCEHRs), health data ontologies, and standardisation in health data and clinical applications.


Statistics is a science of data collection. Although a science, it is actually a branch of mathematics. In statistics, data-sets are distributed in such a way that they form a certain shape, the most common of which is the bell-shaped curve known also as the bell curve, normal distribution and the Gaussian. Binomial, χ2 and Poisson, among others, are other statistical distributions that the readers are already familiar with or at least, have heard of; but what of data mining and machine learning? Data mining and machine learning can be defined in many ways. Here, the authors describe data mining as a set of techniques for analysing and describing structured data; and machine learning as one for interpreting data by comparing them to models for data behaviour. In essence, data mining and machine learning are about looking for patterns and relationships in data. Perhaps an easier way to look at it is through the readers' own experience with supermarket and social media. By means of the bonus-point programme, supermarket accumulates customers' shopping habits and interests. Ever notice when the readers stop buying something, say a dog food, after a while there are emails (or snail mails even) of the same enticing the readers to go and buy one (Sales now on! etc., never mind that the dog has been put to sleep)? That is all data mining, popular with the customer relationship management team. Or, any kind of News Feed the readers get on Facebook? How does Facebook know the readers want to see the video of the cat first thing in the morning? Facebook algorithm essentially learns (yes, on its own) via statistical analysis what the readers like (and 'Like') and bingo! The cat's Feed is at the top. The fact that the algorithm can do this without being told is machine learning, a form of artificial intelligence. What is this book about? One half of this book is about statistics. The other is about using statistics in astronomy and astrophysics. As the readers already know, scientists, astronomers included, are not clueless when it comes to statistics – they have been using it for ages. If that is so, why do they need this book then? The truth is, the field of statistics has evolved by leaps and bounds, leaving astronomers stuck in the same old rut, using the same old technique that is proven to be more and more cumbersome each day in dealing with the amount of data that easily run to the terabytes. (It seems astronomers no longer count data by the numbers but by (computer) memory instead.) In a word, the book is about teaching astronomers the art of analysing very large data-sets by introducing a more efficient way of using statistics. It is a practical guide to data mining by utilising tools such as unsupervised classification, clustering, principal component analysis, locally linear embedding and the somewhat exotic-sounding, projection pursuit; and to machine learning by methods like Bayesian, supervised classification, maximum likelihood estimator and regression. (Supervised simply means something about the data is already known while unsupervised means nothing is.) The combination of the three subjects is certainly special as usually, the readers would have to get different text(s) for each. The way to read this book is by doing i.e. by practicing the computer codes to reproduce the graphs and figures as the readers go through it so the pros and cons of any particular method can be studied. To make the practice accessible to all, the authors have used AstroML1 based on Python2 in their sample analyses. Python is an open-source object-oriented language that is quickly gaining popularity in the scientific community not least because it is free hence available to everybody; and AstroML is its module for data mining and machine learning. Nothing needs to be done other than installing Python and the AstroML package to start the ball rolling. For the purpose of this book, data-sets from Sloan Digital Sky Survey are used. There is no need to worry about their large volume either as the data are maintained on GitHub,3 the online repository. Of course, the readers can also choose to use their own data and modify the codes as they see fit. Who is this book for? Obviously it is written for those already in the fields of astronomy and astrophysics that collect data by the millions like extragalactic astronomy, exoplanets, etc. Its value can only be appreciated by researches looking for ways of interpreting the astronomical amount of astronomical data (OK, pun intended) by way of statistics.


The volume visualization technique allows representing any phenomenon in a solid geometric shape, with characteristics of continuity, distribution and struct...


During LHC commissioning and operation a good on-line optics model will be essential. This will be provided by the LHC On-line Model (OM) toolkit rst version of which has been developed and tested. This report gives an overview of the LHC on-line model design and functionality. It is also supposed to serve as a general introduction to the toolkit.


The children's literature market has experienced enormous growth in recent years, providing teachers with an abundance of resources with which to teach reading. High-quality informational texts abound. Yet, teachers often are uncertain about how to select appropriate informational texts to use with younger readers when including them in read-alouds, guided reading, and learning centers. The purpose of this article is to provide a quick checklist to help primary teachers choose quality, age-appropriate texts.


The latest achievements achieved in the intelligent deep-drawing process are summarized and the intelligent control architecture for blank holder force control is demonstrated in detail. A concept of virtual processing is also introduced to realize the whole adaptive system because of the relatively slow response of the deep-drawing equipment. A database consisting of several variables of the symmetric circular-cup deep-drawing process is set up under various dimensions of mould and blank, material properties and ambient conditions. Furthermore, an approach to apply it to the VBHF adaptive deep-drawing control process for parts with complex shape is put forward.


Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in December of 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China. In addition to respiratory symptoms, reports are emerging of neurological manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2
Objective: To assess the neurological manifestations in COVID-19 positive patients.
Methods: A cross sectional, prospective, descriptive, hospital based study included 106 COVID-19 patients in Gezira COVID-19 Centre during the period from June to September 2020. Data regarding demographics, clinical history, presentations, laboratory investigations, neuroimaging and outcomes were collected.
Results: 106 COVID-19 patients were included in this study, 67(63.2%) were males and 39(36.8%) were females, their mean age was 68±4.3 years and most of them 58(54.7%) aged above 60 years. The main respiratory symptoms of COVID 19 were dyspnea in 66(62.3%), fever in 59(55.7%), cough in 50(47.2%) patients. The non specific neurological symptoms of COVID-19 were headache in 29(27.4%), dizziness in 9(8.5%) and syncope in one (0.9%) patient. Symptoms of COVID-19 related to cranial nerves such as change in smell (n= 87; 82.1%) and dyskinesia (n=80; 75.4%) were the most common neurological manifestations encountered. Focal neurological deficits were TIA in 2(1.9%), intracranial hemorrhage in one (0.9%) and transverse myelitis in one (0.9%) patient.
Conclusion: The study showed that neurological manifestations of COVID-19 were common and mostly olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions among Sudanese subjects. Also, COVID-19 could be a risk factor for stroke and transverse myelitis. The study suggest that objective olfactory and gustatory may be needed to determine their clinical significance.


The purpose of this project is twofold: To ascertain the superiority of La'b' color space over the RGB for segmentation in tune with natural perception, and to explore a segmentation technique: 1D SOFM, as an alternative to the popular k-means clustering technique. The performance and efficiency of these two color techniques are compared.


This work presents the study of the influence of successive repairs on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the HAZ in a welded HSLA steel API X52. The results show that the succession of repairs in the same area has a direct influence on the microstructure morphology for all the welded joints samples when the mechanical properties by means of tension tests agree well with standards. However, the obtained values of the tensile strength of the various welded pipes are acceptable by the standards which imply the qualification of the welding process for all the repairs. Therefore, the previous investigations lead to the conservation of the same mechanical properties, i.e. the possibility of making more repairs that the standards specify. The grain size of the HAZ obtained after the first repair decrease in impact strength value as the number of repairs increases.


fast Discriminative Scale Space Tracking (fDSST) is an excellent object tracking algorithm with a good balance between tracking precision and running speed. In order to improve its long-term and stable tracking performance, especially its ability to recapture object, the fDSST_SrRed algorithm is proposed in this paper. The improvement details include: in order to reduce the negative impact of boundary effect on fDSST, a spatial constraint method of position filter is proposed; Aiming at the defect that the fDSST cannot relocate the object after the object is occluded and disappeared, an object re-detection method based on zero-filling of position filter was proposed. In order to judge when to start object detection, a tracking confidence evaluation index is proposed. Based on this confidence evaluation index, a dynamic filter update method is designed to make the filter learn more accurate object information and background information. Experiments show that compared with the baseline fDSST, proposed algorithm has a great improvement in the tracking precision of occluded and disappeared scenes. Compared with other correlation filter based long-term tracking algorithms (LCT, MUSTER and FuCoLoT), the proposed algorithm not only has good tracking precision, but also has the fastest running speed. The experimental results show that the improvement is effective.


The Visual FoxPro is an applied procedure development system which object-oriented,circulating under the windows and windows NT environment.This system is developed under the VF system.It is an important applied example which uses ability of visiting to leave to see the diagram to strengthen the conjunction,and it also provides a great convenience for showing collecting and revising dates for the sake of request to satisfy the teaching thesis, It needs to conduct softwone design with good plan and organization to make it attain the perfect result from aspects of science. art. technique etc.


The paper presents the latest release of the Polish WordNet, namely plWordNet 4.1. The most significant developments since 3.0 version include new relations for nouns and verbs, mapping semantic role-relations from the valency lexicon Walenty onto the plWordNet structure and sense-level inter-lingual mapping. Several statistics are presented in order to illustrate the development and contemporary state of the wordnet.


The presentation of neoantigens by HLA-I is essential for the recognition of tumor cells by cytotoxic T cells. Transcriptionally, HLA-I expression is regulated by interferon-dependent activation of JAK/STAT signaling. Accordingly, mutations that inactivate this pathway are one of the main causes of resistance to cancer immunotherapies. Recent evidences indicate that HLA-I expression can be induced independently of IFN-signaling by the innate immune response. In this context, we performed an image-based screen to evaluate how more than 5,000 chemicals, including all medically available drugs plus many others in advanced preclinical development, influence HLA-I expression in STAT1-deficient cells. Our screening failed to identify any significant hits, suggesting that drug-dependent modulation of HLA-I expression is strictly dependent on IFN-signaling.


With the coming of a super-aging society, Japan is faced with pressing social problems including medical expenditures increasing at an annual rate of about 1 trillion yen and an overstretched healthcare system—drastic structural reform in healthcare and medical care has become an urgent matter. Under the Japan Revitalization Strategy (revised in June 2014) to promote national growth, Japan aims to "extend the nation's healthy life expectancy" while simultaneously sustaining the social security system, providing high-quality healthcare services, and stimulating the healthcare industry in Japan. The government has also enacted the Act on Promotion of Healthcare Policy, which aims to promote medical care using world-class technologies and contribute to economic growth as basic principles, and the Healthcare Policy (July 2014), which incorporates specific measures and emphasizes the importance of applying ICT to medical care. This paper describes the latest policy trends in using ICT in the healthcare, medical care, and nursing care fields with a focus on the Healthcare Policy.


Small GTP-binding proteins in the ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) family are master regulators of vesicle-mediated protein transport in the secretory and endocytic pathways (1). There are multiple members of this family in eukaryotic cells, with the lineage starting with Arf1 and its siblings (Arf2–Arf5) and extending to the more distant relatives Arf6, Sar1, and Arf-like (Arl) proteins. All these proteins cycle between GTP-bound and GDP-bound states with the assistance of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins. The best known function of GTP-bound Arfs is to recruit vesicle coat proteins from the cytosol onto the appropriate membrane for the purpose of budding a transport vesicle. However, a few links between Arfs and lipid modifying events have been reported (1). In PNAS, Tsai et al. report a unique function for Arl1, arguably the least understood member of the Arf family, in stimulating the activity of a phospholipid flippase in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) of budding yeast (2). Remarkably, this function of Arl1 also requires interaction with an ArfGEF (not an ArlGEF), infusing a bit of intrigue into the Arf family tree. These interactions are shown to be important for protein transport from the Golgi and the establishment of membrane asymmetry (2) (Fig. 1).


There is a well established infrastructure that supports research, development, and deployment of first-order Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) systems, stemming from the Thousands of Problems for Theorem Provers (TPTP) problem library. One of the keys to the success of the TPTP and related infrastructure is the consistent use of the TPTP language. This paper introduces the core TPTP language for classical higher-order logic (Church's simple type theory) – THF0. THF0 is a conservative extension of the existing first-order TPTP language. The use of THF0 in building higher-order analogs of some of the existing first-order TPTP infrastructure is explained.


www.xilinx.com 1 1-800-255-7778 XILINX CONFIDENTIAL © 2004 Xilinx, Inc. All rights reserved. All Xilinx trademarks, registered trademarks, patents, and further disclaimers are as listed at http://www.xilinx.com/legal.htm. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. All specifications are subject to change without notice. NOTICE OF DISCLAIMER: Xilinx is providing this design, code, or information "as is." By providing the design, code, or information as one possible implementation of this feature, application, or standard, Xilinx makes no representation that this implementation is free from any claims of infringement. You are responsible for obtaining any rights you may require for your implementation. Xilinx expressly disclaims any warranty whatsoever with respect to the adequacy of the implementation, including but not limited to any warranties or representations that this implementation is free from claims of infringement and any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Summary This application note describes how (using minimal resources) to use any side of a Xilinx Spartan-3 device to create an interface to a double data rate (DDR) SDRAM device. The techniques described herein are similar to those described in application note XAPP758c. The examples in this application note are based on a DDR interface between an XC3S15005FG456 Spartan-3 device and a Micron MT46v32M16TG-6T device. The design concepts are applicable to other types of memories and other Spartan-3 devices. Interface performance is up to 166 MHz or 333 Mb/s


Geo-exploration is a systematic innovation engineering which covers geology,geophysics,geochemistry,remote sensing and information process subject domain and so on.Concealed ores,deep buried ores and the resources of the border area will be searched more than ever before with the decrease of outcrop ores and shallow ores,.The paper discusses the localization and forecast approach for the deep concealed ore bodies and the most efficient method combination according to the discussion of exploration layout and technologies,in order to reduce geo-exploration cost.


A new multiple component stress wave force balance has been designed, calibrated and tested in the High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel Gottingen (HEG) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The balance is able to measure forces of short duration (milliseconds) on instrumented models from angles of attack from -40 to 20 degrees. Two models, a blunt cone 303mm long and a standard force reference model (HB-2) of 70mm diameter, are used to establish the accuracy of the force balance.

The blunt cone tests were conducted at two different test conditions with a constant Mach number of 7.8 and total enthalpies of 3.0 and 3.5MJ/kg. At 0 degrees angle of attack and an enthalpy of 3.0MJ/kg, the measured axial coefficient was recovered to within 6% when compared to computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. At –10 degrees, the axial and normal coefficients were within 6% and 9% respectively of CFD predictions while the center of pressure (based on chord length) was within 2%.

Tests with the HB-2 standard force reference model were conducted at enthalpies ranging from 12 to 22 MJ/kg at an angle of attack of 0 degrees. A linear variation of the axial coefficient with the viscous similarity parameter was predicted with non-equilibrium CFD simulations assuming a laminar boundary layer. The recovered axial force coefficient remained within 6% of the CFD predictions and compared well with experimental results from other wind tunnel facilities. Reasonable comparison of pressure and heat flux measurements along longitudinal symmetry lines of the model was obtained.

The accuracy of the force balance is estimated at approximately 5% for the axial component and 4% for the normal and pitching moment components.


Soft errors arising from particle strikes to combinational logic circuits can be masked logically (by dominant inputs), electrically (the pulse is too weak to flip a node), or by opportune timing (the transient pulse arrives at a downstream latch when the latch is opaque). The latter effect—timing-window masking—is commonly approximated analytically by computing the ratio of the length of the latching window to the cycle time. This paper identifies the shortcomings of this analytical approach, and highlights the potential for drawing an intuitively attractive but incorrect conclusion from such a model: that deeplypipelined, high-frequency circuits are increasingly vulnerable to logic soft errors. We show empirically that this is not the case, and advocate the use of mean work to failure, or MWTF, instead of MTTF, to accurately describe the vulnerability of pipelined circuits. Furthermore, we identify a second-order effect—SET fanout—which increases the error-resilience of deep pipelines over their shallower counterparts, in effect reversing the previously-held intuition.


This paper studies the issue of difference in translation under the influence of deconstruction,as shown in the French-Canadian feminist texts by Nicole Brossard and their feminist translations into English.Feminist translators explicitly reject traditional views on fidelity and emphasize the individualistic and creative nature of translation.Thus,their work is seen as a challenge to mainstream translation discourse.The argument on which feminist translation rests is that through the use of innovative translation strategies a feminist translation becomes a deliberate mistranslation and extension of the source text,and that feminist translation,unlike conventional translation,constitutes difference and not derivation.This argument is questionable.We need to examine how feminist translation differs from conventional translation.In the texts analyzed the feminist translation discourse is not embodied in actual translation practice and that the unusual translation techniques used constitute a minor feature of the translations.


SMITH, Lemli, and Opitz, in 1964,1reported three patients with mental retardation and a distinctive pattern of multiple congenital anomalies. Subsequently, seven additional patients have been described.2-5 Although four patients with this syndrome have died, no autopsy has been performed upon a patient in whom the diagnosis was made prospectively. Smith et al,1recorded the autopsy findings of a deceased sibling of one of their patients who was said to have, in retrospect, similar features. The only distinctive finding was a small brain which was histologically normal. This report describes an additional patient with this syndrome, includes the radiologic and postmortem findings, and reviews the previous ten cases. Report of a Case A white male infant of Jewish extraction was born January 1966 when his mother was 19 years old and his father 22 years old. There were no previous pregnancies. Gestation was nine months and the


Folk paper cutting of man minority is considered as a preventative of folk culture in the Northeast,whose unique region characteristic and ethnic custom contribute to making this bright artistic pearl shining with a special aesthetic radiance.Based on the similarities and differences in origin,shape characteristics and artistic styles of paper cutting of man minority in the Northeast and southern Fujian,the author tries to promote the unique aesthetic characteristics of folk paper cutting of man minority in the Northeast by analyzing and comparing the artistic skills and historical causes of the two paper cutting.


Fe/Tb (1.2 nm) multilayer films with various Fe layer thicknesses were prepared by vapor deposition. Magnetic and microstructure of the films were characterized by various experimental methods. The results show that the films evolve from ferromagnetic to superparamagnetic, and Fe in the multilayers transforms from bcc crystalline to amorphous state. The transition of magnetic property and structure is found to be related to the rough interface associated with the amorphous phase formation in Fe/Tb interface. In the [Tb(1.2 nm)/Fe(0.5 nm)]30 multilayer, Fe layers are separated into discontinuous superparamagnetic clusters by three-dimensional Tb crystal aggregates, which are responsible for paramagnetic-like spins at the interface that strengthen the spin-dependent scattering.Fe/Tb (1.2 nm) multilayer films with various Fe layer thicknesses were prepared by vapor deposition. Magnetic and microstructure of the films were characterized by various experimental methods. The results show that the films evolve from ferromagnetic to superparamagnetic, and Fe in the multilayers transforms from bcc crystalline to amorphous state. The transition of magnetic property and structure is found to be related to the rough interface associated with the amorphous phase formation in Fe/Tb interface. In the [Tb(1.2 nm)/Fe(0.5 nm)]30 multilayer, Fe layers are separated into discontinuous superparamagnetic clusters by three-dimensional Tb crystal aggregates, which are responsible for paramagnetic-like spins at the interface that strengthen the spin-dependent scattering.


Assessing and accurately predicting geological conditions ahead of a tunnel face are important in constructing mountain tunnels reasonably and safely. The authors have developed a new type of seismic tomography technique between tunnel and ground surface using a precise time synchronization wireless system with GPS, a vibration of blasting excavation and an automatic data acquisition system. This system enable to illustrate P-wave velocity contour ahead of a tunnel face without stopping an excavation. Based on its velocity distribution, not only a location but also a velocity value of geological change can be evaluated. This paper presents that details of each development and an actual employment of new technique to a construction site. 山岳トンネル工事において,切羽前方の地質状況を精度良く予測することは,安全かつ合理的な掘削を行う上で不可欠である.筆者らは,トンネルと地表面間における弾性波トモグラフィ探査により,切羽前方に分布する断層破砕帯や地層境界の位置だけでなく,その程度まで評価可能な探査手法を考案した.トモグラフィ解析を行うために,発受振システムの時刻同期に関する研究を行い,解析上問題とならない誤差で同期できることを確認した.さらに,掘削発破用トリガ検出装置と自動計測システムを考案し,切羽を止めず,自動的にデータ収録を可能とした.本手法を実現場へ適用した結果は,切羽状況や実施支保パターンと整合し,通常のトンネル掘削を行いながら,精度の高い施工中調査を行えるようになった.


The present invention provides a metal product surface rust processing method, the method of discomfort and a sense of terror reduce the conductive metal surface of the product to eliminate static electricity generated by the discharge, and by imparting heat to the metal surface of the product to prevent inadvertent processing a metal surface of the product burns when a method of contacting the heated metal products. (1) applying anticorrosive coatings on the metal surface of the product (2), the rust preventive paint (2) by an adhesive agent attached on the fabric (3) (4).


Background Data on the relative risk of malignant transformation in ulcerative colitis (UC) are insufficient. We investigated the potential value of the Mayo endoscopic score (MES) for predicting malignant transformation in patients with UC. Methods Data of patients with UC evaluated at our institute from June 1986 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The MES used in the study indicated the results of the first colonoscopy after hospitalization. We defined MES of 0–1 as low and MES of 2–3 as high. Univariable and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results Among the 280 eligible patients with UC with a median follow-up time of 14 (interquartile range, 10.0–18.0) years, those with a high MES were more likely to develop malignant transformation. High MES positively correlated with the degree of malignancy and was an independent risk factor for UC-associated dysplasia and colorectal cancer (CRC, odds ratio [OR], 9.223; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.160–73.323; p = 0.036). Disease duration >5 years (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.177–3.572; p = 0.011), immunomodulator use (OR, 4.314; 95% CI, 1.725–10.785; p = 0.002), biologics nonuse (OR, 3.901; 95%CI, 2.213–6.876; p < 0.001), and Hb <90 g/L (OR, 2.691; 95% CI, 1.251–5.785; p = 0.011) were contributing factors for high MES. Conclusion High MES could be a novel predictor of malignant transformation in UC. Clinicians should optimize the use of biologics and immunomodulators early and should actively correct anemia to improve the MES and then reduce the incidence of UC-associated dysplasia and CRC.


In the contemporary era, the sector of SMEs has been considered essential for achieving macroeconomic objectives such as employment creation, poverty reduction and economic growth. Hence, SMEs have an ample and untapped potential to contribute in economic growth though enhancing entrepreneurial skills and indigenous technology. The contribution of SMEs sector to economic growth is thus a principle component in raising the internal efficiency of the resources. This study endeavors to find out the potential role of SME?s output in GDP growth for Pakistan considering some macroeconomic variables. While using data from 1980 to 2017, ARDL bound testing approach has been used to incorporate the dynamic perspective in the study. In model estimation, the GDP growth rate has been taken as a dependent variable, whereas, output of small sale industry, unemployment rate, government expenditure, interest rate, domestic investment, foreign direct investment and finance provided by banks to private sector have been included as independent variables. The estimation findings of dynamic model confirmed the direct and significant association between output of SMEs and GDP growth in Pakistan. However; the sector still requires a policy design to overcome the problems of the sector in war-footing grounds. These policies require a pro-active strategy that can cater more growth of the economy through progress of SMEs. In this regard, the strengthening and elevation of potential output of SMEs, made in Pakistan, tentative policy plan for Industry 4.0; and the distribution of SMEs in remote areas are the relevant recommended policy initiatives.


There is no exact model for the relationship between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and evoked or perceived emotion. Music has long been a privileged field for exploration, while the contributi ...


The study employed 18 variables selected from the academic records of students which were available prior to their junior year in college. The sample used in the analysis involved 92 B.A. degree candidates in economics, class of 1970, at the University of Massachusetts. The criterion variable was the grade point average of the advanced courses taken in economics in the junior and senior years of college. In order to discover the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable, the computer program B M O 3 R [1] was utilized to calculate the correlation coefficients. The results are presented in Table 1. The freshman and sophomore GPA had the highest correlation of the 18 independent variables. Most variables involving verbal ability had a slightly higher correlation to the criterion than those variables involving quantitative ability. In the second part of the study, a stepwise computer program B M D O 2 R [1] was used to develop a prediction equation with a significant correlation coefficient (R) using the least number of variables. It was concluded that the regression equation with two variables was the most practical and useful for predictive purposes. The prediction equation for the best combination of two variables is given below:


The aim of this present study was to investigate the antimicrobial, antioxidative and antilymphoproliferative activity of the isolated new INDIN-SAA protein from the roots of B. diffusa against the disease scrofula adenitis caused by Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. Total antioxidant capacity assay showed that purified protein fraction (PPF) show stronger antioxidant activity (3.15 fold vs CPE-1.34 fold vs PPPE), than partially purified protein fraction (PPPF) and crude protein extract (CPE), respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the isolated CPEs and its PPFs on the pathogen M. scrofulaceum was evaluated on the basis of inhibition zone (IZ) using hole diffusion method, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bacterial growth curve inhibition. The data showed that significant antimicrobial and antioxidative effect of the crude protein and its purified fractions against microorganism ( M. scrofulaceum ). Thus the result of this study could provide efficacious and cost effective treatment of the disease ( Scrofula adenitis ) without any cytotoxic effects.


This work is a contribution to a normative approach of noise assessment in the professional environment. It permits the identification of the affected workstations on the one hand and on the other hand it constitutes an important support to the preoccupations of the impact study on the environment in plants. It also informs us on the adequate preparation of the procedures required by the Environmental Management System (ISO 14001) being implemented in steel-making complex ArcelorMittal Algeria. It constitutes an answer to the recommended environmental politics.

The proposed calculation methods are verified according to the recognized sources (ISO 9612, 2009) and the results will be estimated in relation to the legal thresholds recommended by international bodies. The methodology for measuring the noise exposure levels has been done according to the following steps: work analysis; selection of measurement strategy; measurements; error handling and uncertainty evaluations; calculations; and presentation of results. This will lead us to an implementation of a corrective and preventive action plan intended to master this occupational risk carrying prejudice to the health of the workers.


This network-based pharmacology study intends to uncover the underlying mechanisms of cannabis leading to a therapeutic benefit and the pathogenesis for a wide range of diseases claimed to benefit from or be caused by the use of the cannabis plant. Cannabis contains more than 600 chemical components. Among these components, cannabinoids are well-known to have multifarious pharmacological activities. In this work, twelve cannabinoids were selected as active compounds through text mining and drug-like properties screening and used for initial protein-target prediction. The disease-associated biological functions and pathways were enriched through GO and KEGG databases. Various biological networks [i.e., protein-protein interaction, target-pathway, pathway-disease, and target-(pathway)-target interaction] were constructed, and the functional modules and essential protein targets were elucidated through the topological analyses of the networks. Our study revealed that eighteen proteins (CAT, COMT, CYP17A1, GSTA2, GSTM3, GSTP1, HMOX1, AKT1, CASP9, PLCG1, PRKCA, PRKCB, CYCS, TNF, CNR1, CNR2, CREB1, GRIN2B) are essential targets of eight cannabinoids (CBD, CBDA, Δ9-THC, CBN, CBC, CBGA, CBG, Δ8-THC), which involve in a variety of pathways resulting in beneficial and adverse effects on the human body. The molecular docking simulation confirmed that these eight cannabinoids bind to their corresponding protein targets with high binding affinities. This study generates a verifiable hypothesis of medical benefits and harms of key cannabinoids with a model which consists of multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways, which provides an important foundation for further deployment of preclinical and clinical studies of cannabis.


In recent years,a great concern has been given to the research on the calligraphy history of the Qing Dynasty by scholars,and some fruitful achievements have been made in this field.But something was lacking,so it is necessary and feasible to improve the present situation,either in a way of uprising the researchers′ capability or improving the method,content and object,perspective and the depth of the subjects under study.


Aim: To evaluate the effect of lockdown amid COVID 19 pandemic on water vapors in atmosphere under subtemperate and subtropical zones of Jammu region. Methodology: To study the variation in atmospheric chemistry, the data was analyzed on fortnightly basis in order to assess the water vapor presence in the atmosphere during complete lockdown, i.e. from 24 th March to 17 th May 2020. The data of Temperature and Relative Humidity were recorded Original Research Article Singh et al.; CSIJ, 29(7): 28-54, 2020; Article no.CSIJ.60672 29 from Agrometeorological Observatory situated at respective locations under study. The water vapor attributing parameters were calculated by adopting different formulae. Results: The analysis of weather data was done by adopting different statistical techniques and it was found that ambient temperature was below normal with a deviation of -5.99% and -3.69% under subtropical and subtemperate zone. With the downshifting pattern observed in temperature, the density of air also decreased with deviation of -0.29% in subtropical zone and -0.46 % in subtemperate zone. The relative humidity, mixing ratio and dew point temperature under subtropical conditions were increased by 8.19, 1.03 and 1.61% respectively, while under subtemperate zone the parameters increased by 3.98, 4.51 and 10.3% respectively. The saturated mixing ratio, enthalpy and absolute humidity were deviated by -4.53%, -5.45 and -1.50% in subtropical zone and 5.94, 6.62 and 8.28 % in subtemperate zone. Conclusion: Variable significant patterns were observed for each parameter and thus it can be concluded that lockdown had a plausible impact on all humidity or water vapor attributes.


Puromycin was inactivated without the presence of acetyl coenzyme A when incubated with extracts of blasticidin S-producing Streptomyces morookaensis. The two derivatives from puromycin, contained in the reaction mixture, were detected by thin-layer chromatography, purified by high performance liquid chromatography and analyzed for determination of the chemical structures by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance and positive-ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometries. The analytical data revealed that puromycin was inactivated by the hydrolysis of amide linkage between the aminonucleoside and 0-methyl-l-tyrosine moieties, suggesting that S. morookaensis possesses an enzyme activity which hydrolyzes puromycin.


The present invention relates to an extrarrefined oil of non-mineral or synthetic origin with high antioxidant stability capable of being a substitute for the widely used mineral or synthetic oil while providing greater stability compared to the present invention. food grade refined vegetable oil. In particular, the present invention is directed to the application of extra-refined vegetable oil in personal, cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical, animal care or home care compositions.


The clinical and autopsy observations on two cases with myocardial necrosis and calcification are presented. In each case there also was subacute membranous and proliferative glomerulonephritis.The myocardial lesions closely resemble those produced experimentally by potassium depletion and differ from those in other myocardial necroses.


FIELD: technological processes. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for crosslinking an elastomer selected from ethylene-propylene (EPM) and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) elastomers. Method comprises a step of combining said elastomer with the following components: elemental sulphur, peroxide, a first sulphur cure accelerator and a second sulphur cure accelerator. First sulphur cure accelerator is benzothiazole sulphenamide. Second sulphur cure accelerator is selected from a group consisting of dithiocarbamates and thiurams. EFFECT: improved parameters of residual deformation and peel strength of the crosslinked elastomer. 9 cl, 5 tbl, 4 ex


With this and similar definitions, marketing encompasses goods such as soap, industrial products, consumer durables, health care, transportation, and even ideas. It encompasses forecasting sales, designing new products and services, communicating information to consumers, providing channels of supply and distribution, and pricing. Some marketing analyses are managerial in that they provide market intelligence to help managers achieve goals, such as improved profit, while some marketing analyses are research oriented in that they try to understand market structure or consumer behavior. Marketing tools are anything that can influence the exchange process, including the product (both the physical product and its image), advertising, promotion (price-off, coupons, sampling), price, distribution, and government policy. In one way, marketing provides the tactics to implement economic analysis, but in an equally valid way it provides the basic building blocks of economic theory: consumer behavior and the firm's response.


Quartz veins acted as impermeable barriers to regional fluid flow and not as fluid-flow conduits in Mesoproterozoic rocks of the Mt Painter Block, South Australia. Systematically distributed asymmetric alteration selvedges consisting of a muscovite-rich zone paired with a biotite-rich zone are centered on quartz veins in quartz–muscovite–biotite schist. Geometric analysis of the orientation and facing of 126 veins at Nooldoonooldoona Waterhole reveals a single direction along which a maximum of all veins have a muscovite-rich side, irrespective of their specific individual orientation. This direction represents a Mesoproterozoic fluid-flow vector and the veins represent permeability barriers to the flow. The pale muscovite-rich zones formed on the downstream side of the vein and the dark biotite-rich zones mark the upstream side. The alteration couplets formed from mica schist at constant Zr, Ga, Sc, and involved increases in Si, Na, Al and decreases in K, Fe, Mg for pale alteration zones, and inverse alteration within dark zones. The asymmetry of the alteration couplets is best explained by the pressure dependence of mineral–fluid equilibria. These equilibria, in combination with a Darcian flow model for coupled advection and diffusion, and with permeability barriers imposed by the quartz veins, simulate the pattern of both fluid flow and differential, asymmetric metasomatism. The determined vector of fluid flow lies along the regional foliation and is consistent with the known distribution of regional alteration products. The presence of asymmetric alteration zones in rock containing abundant pre-alteration veins suggests that vein-rich material may have generally retarded regional fluid flow.


The invention relates to an overhead line single-phase earth fault detection method based on zero sequence current measurement. The overhead line single-phase earth fault detection method comprises the following steps that S1, the voltage and current data of a three-phase line are acquired; S2, the voltage and current data of the three-phase line are processed so that the current and voltage vector values of the three-phase line are acquired and zero sequence current and zero sequence voltage of the three-phase line are calculated; S3, the voltage of the three-phase line is compared with a single-phase voltage threshold so as to judge occurrence of a single-phase earth fault; and S4, the position of the fault is judged according to the phase relation of the real-time zero sequence current and the zero sequence voltage of the three-phase line.


The title compound, {[Cu(2,2'-bipy)( C7H4O5S)(H2O)2]·H2O}n?20(2,2'-bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine), was synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of Cu(NO3)2.3H2O, 2,2'-bipyridine and 2-sulphobenzoic acid, and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal is of triclinic, space group P1^- with a = 9.21(3), b = 10.17(3), c = 10.77(3)A, α=77.017(16),β=89.80(8), γ=68.46(7)°, V = 911 (5)A^3, Z=2, (D/S)max =0.001, Mr=473.94, Dc=1.728 g/cm^3,μ(MoKα)=1.365 mm^-1, F(000)=486, the final R=0.0246 and wR = 0.0628 for 3809 observed reflections with I>2σ(I). The mononuclear crystal structure extends into a two-dimensional network via hydrogen-bonding interactions and a three-dimensional framework is further formed by means of π-π stacking interactions.


This paper presents planar multi-way bagley polygon (BP) power dividers (PDs) that can operate at two arbitrary frequencies. Design equations are derived mathematically, and practical issues in microstrip manufacture are discussed. 3-way and 5-way dual-band BP PDs are fabricated and measured for verification purpose. Good agreement between simulation and measurement results proves the validity of the design method. The presented PDs exhibit wide bandwidths and 180° phase shifts between output ports. Furthermore, simple layouts lead to convenient design procedure and easy fabrication.


I ABSTRACT Interviews with parents of fifth-graders in 153 urban. andSuburban Chicago (Illinois) area households provided researchers with answers to several questions about the nature of parent patticipation in education. The researchers considered parent participation to be an aspect of educational politics. They measured the level of participation at the "micro-level," where household and schoolroom meet,, by analyzing the frequency, degree-of self initiation, -and content of the contacts maintained by parents with their children's teachers. The study found that these three factors were positively related to the parents, educational attainment, preferences for more individualized instruction, and hiaher expectations for their children's\future schooling. Higher levels of teacher contact were maintainedfor male children and contacts were more frequent when the-children's academic capabilities were rated either extremely high or extremely low as measured by a test of reading comprehension. Parents pew to schools also maintained er levels of contact, while longer-term residents initiated fewer interactions. The mother's employment ,status, the number of children in the family, and the parents' satisfaction with their children's schooling experiences did not correlate with the participation measures. (AUthor/PGD)


Objective To prospectively assess functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)for localizing the Broca and Wernicke areas in patients with glioma.Methods Forty-five patients with glioma in the left frontal or the left temporal lobe underwent blood oxygen level-dependent functional MR imaging(Bold-fMRI)at 3.0 T scanner with two paradigms:auditory word judgment(AJ)and auditory word repeat(AR).The functional data were analyzed by SPM5.Four regions of interest were evaluated in the regions of the Broca,Wernicke areas and their anatomic homologues in the controlateral hemisphere.Results The AJ and AR paradigms were successfully completed in 44(97.8%,44/45)and 44(97.8%,44/45)cases,respectively.The two paradigms were all finished in 43(95.6%,43/45)cases.Success rate was 93.2% for localizing the Broca areas and 97.7% for the Wernicke areas with AJ paradigm,97.7%,the Broca,97.7%,Wernicke areas with AR paradigm;and 97.8%,the Broca areas and 100%,the Wernicke areas when the two paradigms were used in combination.Conclusion Bold-fMRI with combined AJ and AR is better to localize the language areas than Bold-fMRI with AJ or AR respective in patients with glioma.


The temperature dependences of birefringence increment (δ(Δn)) and dielectric permittivity (τ) of (N(CH3)4)2ZnCl4 and (N(CH3)4)2CoCl4 are measured. The long-periodic commensurate phases appear within the incommensurate phase under the influence of external electric fields (E) and mechanical stresses (σ). The (E, T) and (σ, T) phase diagrams are obtained.

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In view of the bond defect recently created in manufacture in bell-type annealing furnace at Tanggang,studies and analyzes in detail the mechanism and the effect factors of the strip bonding in annealing,moreover proposes the relevant controlling measures,therefore prevents effectively coming into existence of the bond defect.


Consider the unit ball B n of C n as a special examle of R I(m,n) as m=1 , a new proof for boundary behavior of the Poisson\|Hua integrals on the unit ball is given. Also boundary behavior of the Cauchy integrals and the Dirichlet problem on B n are reseached.


Scute, shell, and pattern abnormalities are common in turtles and can be caused by environmental conditions during development as well as genetics (Lynn and Ullrich, 1950; Zangerl and Johnson, 1957; MacCulloch, 1981; Rothschild et al., 2012). The literature on chicken turtles, Deirochelys reticularia (Latreille, in Sonnini and Latreille, 1802), contains one report of kyphosis (Mertens, 1940) and one report of kyphoscoliosis (Mitchell and Johnston, in press), but to our knowledge there have been no reports of pattern anomalies or anomalous numbers of scutes. In this note, we describe various scute, shell, and pattern abnormalities in four western chicken turtles (Deirochelys reticularia miaria) from a small population (19 known individuals) at Boehler Seeps and Sandhills Preserve, Atoka County, Oklahoma, USA. Two of the studied individuals had scute anomalies. One turtle (108 mm straight-line carapace length) was captured on 15 May 2012, presenting with five left costal scutes and six vertebral scutes (D. r. miaria typically has four costal scutes per side, and five vertebral scutes) (Fig. 1). The second individual (120 mm) was captured on 18 June 2013, and its second vertebral scute was split


Background/Aims : Upstream hypertension due to calculous obstruction of the main pancreatic duct is a cause of pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) may be needed when pancreatic duct stones cannot be removed by endoscopic procedure alone. We present the results of ESWL in combination with interventional endoscopy in the treatment of endoscopically unretrievable pancreatic duct stones. Methods: Between April 199 1 and July 2001, 40 patients were treated with ESWL for endoscopically unretrievable stones. In all patients, ESWL was performed with an electrohydraulic lithotriptor ultrasound focusing system after endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy. Results: The procedure was well tolerated in all patients. The mean session of shockwave treatments was 3.3 (15). The patients received 1,856.8 (1,2812,370) shockwave discharges per session using an mean energy of 15.8 kv (1418). Fragmentation and clearance of the stones were achieved in 38 patients (95%). In 22 patients (55%), the stones were completely removed. Relief of pain occurred in 25 patients (62.5%). Conclusions: ESWL is a safe and effective treatment for endoscopically unretrievable main pancreatic duct stones. ESWL combined with interventional endoscopy can increase the success rate of nonsurgical removal of pancreatic duct stones.


Graphene-based shungite carbon nanoparticles interaction with serum albumin has been studied in aqueous dispersion regarding structural-dynamic, thermodynamic, and hydrodynamic effects.


This paper identifies a kind of interaction mechanism that has not been well addressed before, the crossband scattering in multi-band antenna arrays. First the crossband scattering effect is demonstrated on an interleaved dual- band base station antenna array section as an example. Then an effective de-scattering method is proposed, which is to insert chokes on low band antennas. The working mechanism and principle of the chokes are also presented in this paper. Finally, this method is applied on the base station antenna array section to demonstrate its effectiveness.


To cite: MacLaurin SA, Mulligan C, Van Alphen MU, et al. Optimal longacting injectable antipsychotic management during COVID-19. J Clin Psychiatry. 2021;82(1):20l13730. To share: https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.20l13730 © Copyright 2021 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc. D a global pandemic, the mental health of those with a serious mental illness such as schizophrenia may not be at the forefront of most people's minds.1 Overlooking these individuals is, however, a mistake. People with significant psychotic symptoms not only may put themselves at risk during this public health emergency, but also may inadvertently contribute to the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and undermine infection control efforts. Acutely ill patients may be unable to appreciate the seriousness of a pandemic and even less likely to follow instructions such as social distancing or mask wearing. One important tool for relapse prevention is antipsychotic medication, including long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs). While a first-line treatment in principle, LAIs need to be administered in person, which is counterintuitive to infection control guidelines and can increase risk of viral transmission. It may be difficult for patients afraid of coming to clinic or not possible for those required to quarantine. In this report, we describe how our community mental health clinic with a large injection clinic in Boston successfully reduced the number of annual in-person injections by about 40%. We believe these efforts reduced the infection risk to patients themselves, the clinic staff, and the community at large. Taking a population-based approach, we first created a spreadsheet of all patients on LAI treatment at our clinic to determine which patients could be (1) switched to an LAI with a longer interval, (2) switched to oral antipsychotics, or (3) given the LAI in their home to avoid a trip to the clinic. The latter two options are particularly important if public travel is ill-advised (eg, patient in a high-risk category) or not possible (quarantine). Factors to consider in changing treatment with LAIs during the COVID-19 pandemic include current psychiatric status, historical medication adherence, potential for decompensations when untreated, community resources to support ongoing treatment, and infection risk to the patient, clinician, and those with whom a patient may live.2 We determined that our clinic, the Freedom Trail Clinic of North Suffolk Mental Health Association, was responsible for 81 people treated with LAIs as of January 1, 2020. Between January and May 2020, 23 of these people transitioned to an outside injection provider, most frequently a visiting nurse. Six transitioned to oral medications, and 3 transferred care. The remaining 45 patients continued to receive their LAI at the clinic. For those 45, 15% (7 patients) were switched to longer-acting formulations of their respective LAIs and came less often. Regarding the LAIs prescribed, 30 patients were receiving aripiprazole (Aristada or Maintena), 18 patients were receiving paliperidone (Sustenna or Trinza), 12 patients were receiving haloperidol, 3 patients were receiving risperidone, and 1 patient was receiving fluphenazine. No patients required psychiatric hospitalization due to missing their injection or experienced a significant increase in symptoms due to a medication switch. Careful planning with the patient, close communication with community supports, and use of appropriate precautions led to uninterrupted psychiatric care of a vulnerable population while mitigating infection risk for patients and the community. Importantly, fewer in-clinic injections need not translate into less optimal clinical care: telepsychiatry quite likely meets the needs of many patients. The strategies implemented and described in this report are common sense, and many clinicians may have deployed them prior to the pandemic. However, making these decisions explicit benefited our workflow beyond reducing transmission risk: by improving adherence, increasing convenience, and promoting better coordination with our pharmacy partner. More flexible treatment approaches learned during this crisis may endure and ultimately improve psychiatric care for this forgotten group.3


In the field of the Internet of Things, sensors with large-scale perception ability are urgently needed for the scenarios, such as structure health monitoring, vehicle tracking, and so on. Quasi-distributed acoustic sensing (QDAS), which uses a sensing fiber with an ultraweak reflector array to perceive thousands of points at the same time, shows great advantages in these applications. The sensing fiber integrates sensing and transmission functionalities together and is easy to be deployed on large-scale targets. With the development of QDAS, the performance limitations caused by the finite frequency-domain resource are gradually emerging. Multiplexing the frequency-domain resource can be the key to further performance breakthroughs. For this purpose, the multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) technology, which has been widely used in communication/radar systems, is introduced into QDAS in this article. The principles of QDAS with the MIMO technology are elaborated, and the feasibility is verified through simulations and experiments, in which the response bandwidth is tripled compared to the traditional single-pulse QDAS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the MIMO coding technology, i.e., orthogonal codes with the same frequency (OCSF), is used in QDAS. This work paves a new way for breaking QDAS performance limitations that are bounded by the finite frequency resource.


Based on primary research conducted with the Karnataka Domestic Workers Movement in Bangalore, India, this paper locates the injustice that a group of dalit women domestic workers identify as structuring their lives, and assesses the strategies that the group employs in resisting and dealing with such injustice. In analysing the injustice as well as the claims for justice, the paper draws on Nancy Fraser's framework of recognition and redistributive justice, viz., the use of culture and economics as analytical categories in locating primary harms, and an assessment of claims-making in terms of transformation and affirmation. At the heart of the paper is the disjunction [distinct from Fraser's argument on the displacement of redistributive claims making and the reification of recognition and identity politics] between recognition and redistributive politics as one between caste and class, and what this means for the articulation of a dalit feminist politics in Bangalore.


This paper proposes the homogenization for a stratified viscoelastic media with free edge. We consider the effect of two-dimensional periodically stratified slab over a semi-infinite viscoelastic ground on the propagation of shear waves hitting the interface. Within the harmonic regime, the second order homogenization and matched-asymptotic expansions method is employed to derive an equivalent anisotropic slab associated with effective boundary and jump conditions for the displacement and the normal stress across an interface. The reflection coefficients and the displacement fields are obtained in closed forms and their validity is inspected by comparison with direct numerics in the case of layers associated with Neumann boundary conditions.


In this paper, we perform a transformation-based statistical analysis with an eye to designing a robust and efficient localisation scheme. To this end, we evaluate the coefficient of determination (COD) also denoted as $R^{2}$ on simulated electromagnetic wave propagation models in an urban environment. Our transformation-based statistical models show that two measurable network parameters, namely the received power (RP) and the time of arrival (ToA), present a strong correlation with a mobile user's given location. By transforming the network parameters we were able to achieve COD of 0.577 for the RP and 0.549 for ToA using the Modulus transformation. We believe that by exploiting the high correlation of parameter transformation, there is potential to design fast and robust machine learning localisation schemes through which the future location of a mobile user can be accurately and reliably predicted.


Based on the construction of the water conveyance project of Dahuofang Reservoir, the purpose, content and method of the monitoring measurement for tunneling are introduced herein along with the description of the monitoring data handling and both the analysis and the application of the achievements from the monitoring.


Although students' personal passions typically determine the issue addressed by service-learning leadership initiatives, this chapter advocates for a community-centered alternative. This in-depth exploration of a leadership development course series models a community-need driven project and explores the benefits for both community and student learning.


OBJECTIVE To determine the tanshinol in Shuangdan Ointment by HPLC.METHODS The HPLC system consisted of C18 column,methanol-1% acetic acid solution (8∶92) for the mobile phase;detection wavelength was 280nm.and the retention time was 10min.RESULTS The calibration curves of tanshinol was linear in the range of 14.69~73.44μg (r=0.9999),the average recovery was 100.1%(RSD=0.70%,n=6).CONCLUSION The method was accurate,reliable and repeatable and can be used as Shuangdan Ointemt quality control.


Abstract A small furnace associated with an industrial automatic burner was employed in this study to investigate the influences of sulfur content of fuel oils burned with NaCl contained atmospheric air on the emission characteristics of marine or industrial power‐plants. The sulfur contents of 0.3 wt % and 1.0 wt % were considered. Diesel fuel oil A which approximates ASTM No. 2 fuel oil was atomized by the inlet air added with NaCl of 1.5 ppm concentration and thereafter burned within the furnace. It was found that under this burning condition the CO, SO2, and O2 emissions increased with the addition of sulfur in the fuel oil. However, the gas temperature and NOX concentration were affected by the increase of sulfur content to only little extent.


Rock fracture and fragmentation plays an important role in earthquakes, structural engineering and comminution processes. Typically, measured fragment size distribution of a single breaking particle is given by power law relations. Those relations are independent of energy input or loading conditions. In this study, we use ESyS-Particle, the 3D parallel Discrete Element Model (DEM), to simulate rocks as an assemblage of bonded spherical particles. ESyS-Particle takes into account single particle rotation and full set of interactions between bonded particles. We reproduce the fracture process and calculate the size distribution of the fragments using two different loading conditions: 1) slow and quasi-static uniaxial compression of rock-like samples; 2) fast loading by throwing a sphere consisting of small bonded particles at a rigid wall. Realistic fracture patterns and fragment size distribution are obtained.


This article investigates innovation across a supply chain and considers how knowledge accumulation as a consequence of buyer-supplier codevelopment projects can influence the projects' specifications. The setting is the semiconductor industry, and the players are chip producers who cooperate with their suppliers to modify their manufacturing equipment used to produce new semiconductor devices.

Two detailed case studies were undertaken to determine the tradeoffs encountered by the buyer and supplier when setting the parameters that govern codevelopment projects. The findings from the case studies inform a conceptual framework that outlines the net payoffs to buyers when deciding whether to "make" or "buy" their production equipment. If buyers pursue the "make" option, they then have to decide the degree to which they sponsor modifications tailored to their production processes or modifications more generally applicable across the industry. More generally applicable modifications likely would prompt suppliers to invest relatively more in follow-on knowledge creation for upgrades and field support while leading to lower equipment costs due to economies of scale from larger production runs of the new equipment. The framework suggests that when making this sequence of decisions, an innovative buyer also weighs the importance of codevelopment for securing intellectual property rights, guaranteeing early access to new equipment enabling early product launch, and achieving high production yields quickly due to "previewing" the equipment.

The conceptual framework leads to a multi-period model that focuses on the importance of knowledge accumulation for project parameterization. As captured by the model, buyers may prefer generally applicable modifications to customized ones, because generally applicable modifications may lead to greater knowledge accumulation at the supplier. This knowledge accumulation may be either "embodied" in equipment upgrades or "unembodied" in improved field support.

In addition to shaping the nature of particular codevelopment projects, knowledge accumulation also may have profound implications for long-run industry structure. As seen in the semiconductor industry, knowledge accumulation at equipment suppliers has contributed to the rise of contract manufacturers, because these manufacturers can outfit their production facilities with equipment that embodies the accumulated knowledge. These findings suggest that for both short-run and long-run reasons, the dynamics of knowledge accumulation merit thorough attention when members of a supply chain cooperate during the course of new product development.


To express the Muscovy duck interleukin-2(MdIL-2) gene,the encoding sequence of IL-2 was amplified by RT-PCR from Muscovy duck spleen lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A,and the 420 bp ORF of MdIL-2 was inserted into pGEX-6P to constructed recombinant expression plasmid pGEX-MdIL-2 and expressed in E.coli by IPTG induction.SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the expressed product of the GST-MdIL-2 was 40 ku which was recognized by GST monoclonal antibody.The results could be used for further study of the bioactivity and application of MdIL2.


Introduction: Since the arrival of the CassiniHuygens mission to the Saturn system, numerous liquid-filled lakes have been identified to date. The area of the lakes vary between <10 km to over 100,000 km [1]. The largest of them in the south polar region is Ontario Lacus, that was first identified as a radar dark feature having low reflectivity and smooth, rounded boundary, resembling shorelines on Earth. During the T38 flyby, Brown et al. 2008 [2] identified absorption features characteristic of ethane in VIMS spectra in Ontario Lacus, probably present in liquid solution with methane, nitrogen and other low molecular-weight hydrocarbon species. However, the chemical composition of the lakes is still under debate and is a challenge to determine precisely, partially because of the strong atmospheric absorption of CH4. Cordier et al. 2009 [3] proposed that the lakes are indeed composed of CH4 to a large extent (∼5-10%), following C2H6. The first detailed geometric analysis of Ontario Lacus' shore reveals two distinct annuli around the lakebed itself, indicating shoreline variations over time [4]. Moriconi et al. 2010 [5] characterized Ontario Lacus and its adjacent regions with three distinct regions based on VIMS data in the 5 μm spectral window: the lake itself, which appears to be dark as a result of nearly full extinction of solar radiation, a dark-gray "ramp", most probably adequate with exposed lakebed sediments, and a bright, outer irregular ridge. It was also proposed that the weak C2H6 absorption feature detected by Brown et al. 2008 [2] at shorter wavelengths is rather present in the region adjacent to the lake [5]. The supposed lakebed sediments may have been exposed by seasonal evaporation of methane and is indicative of lake level change over time [4]. Furthermore, the asymmetric morphology of Ontario Lacus found by Wall et al. 2009 [6] and the raised beach site on the north-eastern side also indicate former lake shorelines from times when the lake level was probably higher. Recent results of Wye et al. 2010 [7] estimate the maximum depth of Ontario Lacus to be 9 m, while depths over the rest of the lake are proposed to be less than 5 m. Figure 1: Radar image of Ontario Lacus, located at 72◦ S, 183◦ W. Credit: NASA/JPL.


During the past three years NATSEM has developed pathbreaking spatial microsimulation techniques, involving the creation of synthetic data about the socioeconomic characteristics of households at a detailed regional level. The data are potentially available at any level of geographic aggregation, down to the level of the Census Collection District (about 200 households).


Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are used today in a multitude of applications. The production of MEMS is a fully automated wafer process consisting of deposition, patterning and etching. Especially for safetyrelevant MEMS devices such as airbag or ESP sensors, a 100% inspection is required. After an optical inspection of the MEMS structures, they are sealed and protected by bonding a silicon cap wafer on top. This bonding can lead to an additional stress in the wafer stack that interferes with the MEMS function, which is tested by an electrical test. This stress can cause individual elements to stick together or to be bent. In the case of a failed test, the problem cannot be located on the MEMS structures because they are opaque to visible light. The defects are to be detected by a topography measurement. This publication discusses the challenge of topography measurement using an low-coherence interference microscope, which is necessary to achieve a high lateral and axial resolution. It turns out that dispersion does not have such a large influence on the measurement signal as the uneven thickness of the cap. The influence of thickness variation could be reduced by measuring both cap surfaces and subtracting them from the MEMS topography. A comparative measurement of the MEMS without a cap shows that the residual deformation is of a similar magnitude. Removing the cap, however, will cause any stress that may be present to dissolve.


Backgroud and objectives: In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), some muscle groups are affected in different stages of disease, especially those related to the affected joint. However, data on associations between functional performance and muscle strength in RA are few. Therefore we sought to determine whether isokinetic ankle plantarflexion (PF) and dorsiflexion (DF) strength was affected in RA patients and to study the association between isokinetic strength and other clinical indicators of disability such as walking and stair-climbing time and disease activity in patients with RA. Methods: Thirty three patients diagnosed with RA in the chronic phase were selected from a rheumatology outpatient clinic and matched for age and gender with 33 healthy subjects. Isometric and isokinetic muscle strength was measured in DF and PF. The subjects were also evaluated through the Stanford Health Assessment Questionaire (HAQ), walking and stair-climbing time. Cumulative and current steroid doses (CSD) were calculated. Results: No significant correlations were found between muscle strength and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, HAQ, ankle involvement, CSD ( p> 0.05). With respect to the isokinetic parameters, no differences have been been observed between RA and control groups ( p> 0.05). Walking and stair-climbing time increased significantly ( p< 0.05) in patients with RA. Conclusions: Ankle isokinetic muscle strength is not affected in inactive RA patients while negative effects of steroids on muscle strength were not demonstrated. Important determinators of walking ability in RA patients should be defined in future studies.


The purpose of this note is to establish a new generalized Dictionary-Restricted Isometry Property (D-RIP) sparsity bound constant for compressed sensing.
For fulfilling D-RIP, the constant $\delta_k$ is used in the definition: $(1 -\delta_k)\|D v\|_2^2 \le \|\Phi D v\|_2^2 \le (1 + \delta_k)\|D v\|^2$. We prove that signals with $k$-sparse $D$-representation can be reconstructed if $\delta_{2k} < \frac{2}3$.
The approach in this note can be extended to obtain other D-RIP bounds (i.e., $\delta_{tk}$).


Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system was developed for two microsperma varieties of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) namely, Barimasur-2 and Barimasur-4. Transformation ability of different explants like cotyledonary node, decapitated embryo, immature embryo and epicotyl were tested with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring binary plasmid pBI121, containing the GUS and nptII genes. Highest percentage of GUS positive regions were found in epicotyl explants followed by decapitated embryo as detected by transient assays. Decapitated embryo was found to be more effective in formation of multiple shoots on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l Kn, 0.1 mg/l GA3 and 5.5 mg/l tyrosine following Agrobacterium infection and selection. Selection of the transformed shoots was carried out by gradually increasing the concentration of kanamycin to 200 mg/l. Stable expression of the GUS gene was observed in various parts of the transformed shoots. Genomic DNA was isolated from these shoots and stable integration of GUS and nptII genes was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.


In the present study, a numerical approach for characterizing three-dimensional (3-D) electronic packages is presented, based on the steady-state solution of the thermal network method for generalized rectangular geometries, where boundary conditions are uniformly specified over specific regions of the package. As we know, the thermal-network method is very powerful on thermal analysis of electronic packaging because of its feasibility and flexibility. Accordingly, the numerical approach with thermal-network method to simulate heat transfer characteristics for 3-D package geometries becomes important in the modem microelectronic applications. The thermal analyses are presented with a general overview of the thermal network method, boundary conditions and solution procedures. Furthermore, the application of boundary conditions at the fluid-solid, package-board and layer-layer interfaces provides a means for obtaining a unique numerical result for 3-D complex electronic packages. The complex geometries found in most 3-D electronic package configurations are modeled using numerical method through the careful use of simplifying assumptions. Comparisons of the present numerical results with the existing experimental data for 3-D electronic package of pin grid arrays and multi-chip modules are made with a satisfactory agreement. Thus, the present study demonstrates that the numerical thermal-network approach can offer an accurate and efficient solution procedure for evaluating the thermal characterization of 3-D electronic packages.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


A high-frequency link series-parallel resonant converter is analyzed using a state-space approach. Closed-form solutions are obtained under steady-state conditions. Analysis is presented for both continuous conduction mode and discontinuous capacitor voltage mode. The converter gain and other component stresses on the output plane are presented. A method of optimizing the converter under certain constraints is presented, and a simple design procedure is illustrated by a design example. Experimental results are presented to verify the theory.<<ETX>>


Information technology today is growing very rapidly so that information technology plays an important role and become a staple of the human. This research aims to examine the use of information technology auditing and perceived importance. This research is a replication of the research that has been done by Janvrin et al (2008) in the United States with some modifications due to differences in the location of the object population, and methods of analysis. Totally responden of 46 auditors who work in the public accountant Bigfour and non Bigfour used in this study. Data analysis method that has been used is Partial Least Square with statistical programs SmartPLS 2.0 M3. This research is expected to measure the importance of the use of information technology audit so that it can directly affect the audit assessment and the effectiveness and efficiency of the work of auditors. The result of this researchindicate that perceived usefulness has a positive and significant influence with the examination of the use of information technology and the importance of perception.


On page 480, in Fig. 4, the trace indicated 'L-histidine' is a digitally corrupted version of the real response to histidine, while the real response to histidine is erroneously shown as the trace indicated as 'BAS'. The response to the mixture of basic amino acids ('BAS') is not given. Here we show the correct responses to L-histidine and to the mixture of basic amino acids (BAS). The authors apologize for this mistake. Errata 994 J Physiol 552.3


Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) has been considered as the dysfunctional interplay between intestinal microbiota, epithelium and the immune system. Located at the heart of this complex interaction, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a crucial role in coordinating commensal bacterial-dependent intestinal homeostasis. Separated from commensal bacteria by mucus layer, the mechanism that IECs confer a stable microbiota remains incompletely understood. Here, we reported that mice with an IEC-specific deletion of one subunit of COP9 signalosome, which regulates the ubiquitin-proteasome system, exhibited extreme susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis. Deficiency of one subunit of COP9 resulted in dysfunction of paneth cell and colonic enterocyte, which led to impaired AMP (antimicrobial peptide) production, shifted composition of intestinal microbiota and skewed mucosal immune cells towards a proinflammatory phenotype. Deep sequencing and quantitative PCR analysis of luminal microbiota from proximal colon revealed a significant reduction of the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and increase of segmented filamentous bacteria. Correspondingly, the Th1/Th17 ratio is reversed in colonic lamina propria. Moreover, the susceptibility to colitis was alleviated by continued broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Collectively, these data suggest that COP9 signalosome in IEC regulates intestinal homeostasis by modulating the composition of microbiota.


EDITORIAL COMMENT: We accepted this paper for publication because it should interest all readers, some of whom may decide they have the occasional patient suitable for this method of honey wound care. The healed wound shown in figure (d) would be cosmetically unacceptable to most women but perhaps resuture would have had a similar result. In the editor's experience, sew sanguineous discharge from a wound postoperatively invariably means dehiscence best treated by resuture once any precipitating ileus has resolved; when the skin sutures are removed the wound falls apart in these women and usually loops of bowel are adherent to the edges of the wound (figures A and B). In the case illustrated in this paper the peritoneum appears to be intact as if the problem was an infected haematoma which is an unusual cause of wound disruption in the editor's experience; yet the authors encountered 15 cases in 19 months, and quoted no case of the complete wound dehiscence referred to above!


The present paper considers optimal means of characterizing the distribution of product energy states resulting from reactive collisions of molecules with restricted distributions of initial states, and vice versa, i.e., characterizing the particular reactant state distribution which yields a given set of product states, at a specified total energy E. The S‐matrix, or reaction probability matrix P(E), ``global'' in nature, contains much more detail than necessary to reproduce the results of any single specific experiment or computer simulation thereof (via classical mechanical trajectory calculations). Moreover, since reactant and/or product state resolution is always experimentally limited (to a greater or lesser degree), data are necessarily coarse‐grained accordingly. Many quantal features are thereby lost and the results are often at a level appropriate for comparison with classical calculations (e.g., in the form of low‐resolution contour maps of energy disposal). Such contour plots of the yield func...


There are not only practical needs but also systematic theoretical support for the economic cooperation between the developed and undeveloped region.Such as the irreversibility and the static state of the resources and the region,the regurgitate and pervasive effect between the central and marginal area,the agricultural and industrial regional theory,the economic geographical center theory,the maximal increase theory,the space structure theory,gradual process theory and so on.Based on the theory mentioned above and the economic development fact between Ankang and Xian,we believe that there is a strong base and vast rang of prospects for the cooperation between Ankang and Xian.