The fees and expenses paid by mutual fund investors take multiple forms. Some charges are deducted from the fund's value in clear view of the investor. For other charges the amount is disclosed yet they are deducted out of the investors' sight. The magnitude of certain charges is essentially invisible to fund investors. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the various fee and expense categories associated with mutual funds, and their consequences for investors.


The article discusses the issue of development of method for structural synthesis of large discrete systems with predetermined behavior and dynamic structure. This is aided by combined approach to development of structural synthesis based on simulation modeling, evolutionary methods and mathematical apparatus of Petri nets. The developed evolutionary procedures of system structural synthesis makes it possible to carry out structural synthesis in accordance with predetermined behavior not only by selection of components from elemental base but also by variation of inter-component couplings. The work proposes to apply genetic algorithms adapted to solution of problem of structural synthesis using nested Petri nets. The system component base applied for the synthesis procedure is expressed in the form of models based on Petri nets, the system models obtained by synthesis are estimated by computational experiment, that is, launching of the obtained system models by supplying of vector tuple to the model input and comparison of the tuple from the model output with reference one. Upon adaptation of genetic algorithm for operation with multi-component couplings it is proposed to highlight a separate layer of inter-component bus.


The increase in the need for aid constitutes a priority problem of social policy in the developed countries. The need for aid is framed within the intersection of social and health services, and requires a new conception of the problems and new models of intervention.

In 1986, with the Mental Health Plan of Navarra, a new form of care was put forward, centred on care in the community.

At present, important differences can be appreciated, such as the insufficiency of alternative health and social programs in the community, as well as the difficulty of co-ordinating them. Facing this situation, the social workers of the Mental Health Network carried out a study that evaluated the social needs of the patients who were attended to by the Mental Health Network, with attention paid to socio-demographic aspects, the clinic and the type of social resources that they needed. Following this study, and on the basis of the discussion that it gave rise to, new forms of intervention have been proposed in the care of the mentally ill, developing the concept of socio-health care.


Abstract A novel stability indicating high performance liquid chromatographic assay method was developed and validated for Olmesartan medoxomil and its degradant product. An isocratic HPLC method was developed to separate the drug from the degradation products, using an Inertsil-ODS-3 (C-18) Column (5 µm, 250 mm × 4.60 mm). A mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 4.0) and methanol (30:70) was used as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detection was carried out at 230 nm. The validation studies were carried out fulfilling the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) requirements. The procedure was found to be specific, linear, precise (including intra and inter day precision), accurate, and robust.


Aims:  To examine the rate and the extent of spore formation in Anoxybacillus flavithermus biofilms and to test the effect of one key variable – temperature – on spore formation.


A method is proposed for predicting the trajectories of situations from a given phase based on the logical conclusion of the consequences. The method makes it possible to solve problems arising when using other forecasting methods related to the complexity of interpretability and justification of the results obtained. The formal description of situations is carried out using first-order predicate calculus formulas, which differ in relative simplicity of interpretation. Forecasting is based on deductive logical deduction of consequences from a knowledge base containing rules for the development of the situation and facts characterizing a given phase of the situation. The method of inference of final consequences with the formation of a description of the logical inference scheme is used. The output scheme represents a long-term forecast, which in general contains several branches that determine different trajectories of the situation. The logical inference scheme clearly represents a long-term forecast and reflects the rationale for the results obtained. It is assumed that the situation develops in discrete time, the report of which begins simultaneously with the adoption of a long-term forecast. As the situation develops, new facts are received that correspond to the events taking place. It is proposed to use a series of short-term forecasts. The short-term fore-cast is made for the next moment in time in accordance with the long-term fore-cast and new facts and determines the events (facts) that are expected at the next moment of the situation development. At the same time, it is taken into account that the incoming facts may not confirm some predicted statements and lead to the exclusion of certain branches of logical inference, thus reducing the number of trajectories of the situation. An example of predicting the trajectories of the development of situations from a given phase based on the logical conclusion of the consequences is given.


In this study,the key factors affecting cDNA-AFLP analysis system for for flowering Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa syn.campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Lee) were analyzed taking the shoot tip meristem as the test material.The results indicated that the total RNA extracted by Trizol method was highly pure and complete.Double-stranded(ds) cDNA was synthesized by SMART method and the optimal amplification of double-stranded cDNA synthesis was 24 cycles.Double-stranded cDNA could be digested completely after 3 hours by Taq I and Ase I step by step.The pre-amplified PCR conditions were as follows:the ligation products were diluted to 20 times as templates and PCR amplification was used by 27 cycles,2.5 μL Mg2+(25 mmol/L)and anneal at 50~58 ℃.Mg2+concentration had a big impact on the pre-amplification and selective amplification.The abundant and repeated cDNA-AFLP fingerprintings had been obtained when the pre-amplified products were diluted to 20 times as templates for selective amplification.cDNA-AFLP analysis system was established successfully,which provided platform for further molecular study and gene cloning of flowering Chinese cabbage.


Dennis Salahub has contributed to several scientific areas. Likely, one of the lesser known contributions is the one on the study of the kinetics of gene expression in prokaryotes, which resulted in a delayed stochastic model of transcription and translation dynamics in bacteria. The model has become the basis for modeling stochastic genetic circuits and has provided a framework for interpreting recent measurements of transcripts production dynamics in live cells, one event at a time. Here, we review the contributions by Salahub and colleagues to the modeling strategies of gene expression as a multi-delayed stochastic process. Next, we describe recent findings, which build upon this work and provide experimental validation of the models. Finally, we discuss potential future developments in this field of research.


The literature on the interpretation of quantum mechanics is haunted by a number of general questions often represented as insoluble for any attempted interpretation of the formalism resembling the way classical physics is usually interpreted. In this journal Albert and Loewer recently presented a typical list of such allegedly insurmountable difficulties. 1 They conclude that a consistent interpretation of the theory is only possible in a dualistic framework, in which the "mind" explicitly plays a role. In this note I want to point out that the mentioned difficulties do not have the force that they prima facie perhaps seem to have, and that an interpretation of the quantum mechanical formalism which is more in line with the interpretational strategies of classical physics is certainly possible' (something which has in fact to be expected for a consistent mathematical formalism). Interpretations introducing the "mind", or "many worlds", are therefore not necessary. From this it does not follow, of course, that those interpretations are incorrect. My criticism is directed against the claim that there are arguments, relating to general features of the formalism like the superposition principle and linear evolution, which demonstrate the inevitability of such interpretations.


The concept, "administration according to law" has its root in the demand for which the rising bourgeoisie opposed the autocracy of feudal kings. It is a political culture, a political thought, as well as a political morality and a social value standard. And what is more, it is a legal viewpoint, a legal system.


Scientists have known for more than 150 years that a magnetic field can change electrical resistance in a material, ever since Scottish physicist William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) first measured the effect in iron. That phenomenon, magnetoresistance, can be tweaked according to the strength and orientation of the field, and has made it possible for engineers to build sensors that could read the data stored as magnetic bits in the hard drives of early computers.


Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) advocates the use of models and their transformations, to better understand software systems and to increase the degree of automation across the software development process. However, with the increasing complexity of modern software systems, distributed development teams, and increasing time pressure for developing these systems, there is a need to collaborate more quickly when building and analyzing models. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced classroom-based software projects to organizational-level software systems to rely on virtual (web-based) collaborative development environments. Therefore, real-time collaborative modelling remains no longer an option but becomes a necessity for MDE too. In our previous work, we introduce a framework, tColab, which uses Eclipse Che workspaces to enable web-based collaborative modelling. However, with real-time collaboration, modelling conflicts can arise and their resolution goes beyond what is possible with the collaborative environment facilitated by an Eclipse Che workspace. In this paper, we extend our tColab framework for building modelling language editors as Visual Studio (VS) Code extensions. These VS Code extensions are well supported by widely used platforms such as VS Code IDE, Eclipse Theia IDE, and the Eclipse Che platform. Furthermore, to facilitate real-time collaboration using these VS Code extensions and to enable conflict-free modelling, we explore two possible solutions – the VS Code Live Share extension and the Teletype CRDTs (conflict-free replicated data types) library. Finally, we provide a prototypical VS Code extension for the TGRL (Textual Goal-oriented Requirement Language) as a proof-of-concept of our extended framework and demonstrate conflict-free collaborative modelling for TGRL using the Live Share extension.


Background: Current tests for evaluation of vitamin B12 absorption are problematic because they involve the use of radioactively labeled vitamin B12. We describe a vitamin B12 absorption test that circumvents this problem. Methods: We measured cobalamin or transcobalamin saturated with cobalamin (holo-TC) 24 h after three 9g doses of vitamin B12 given orally at 6-h intervals. We studied 17 patients with inherited malabsorption of vitamin B12 attributable to Imerslund–Grasbeck syndrome (n 13) or intrinsic factor deficiency (n 4), their obligate heterozygous biological parents (n 19), and healthy controls (n 44). Results: In the patients, the median (range) change of holo-TC after the B12 load was not significant [1 ( 42 to 5) pmol/L], nor was the change of cobalamin [ 3 ( 32 to 22) pmol/L], consistent with a lack of measurable active or passive absorption. In controls, however, the median (range) increases of holo-TC and cobalamin were 26 ( 6 to 63) pmol/L and 41 ( 37 to 109) pmol/L, respectively. Similarly, the parents showed increases of 23 ( 2 to 47) pmol/L and 27 ( 15 to 94) pmol/L. The mean areas under the ROC curves (95% confidence intervals) were 0.97 (0.93–1.0) for holo-TC and 0.87 (0.79–0.94) for cobalamin, distinguishing patients from controls. At a cutoff of 6 pmol/L for holo-TC, the diagnostic sensitivity (95% confidence interval) was 100 (81–100)%, and the diagnostic specificity was 92 (82–97)%. Conclusion: Measurement of holo-TC after administration of vitamin B12 is a promising approach for evaluating vitamin B12 absorption. © 2005 American Association for Clinical Chemistry Evaluation of the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 is a necessary step in determining the etiology of vitamin B12 deficiencies. All available tests, including the classic Schilling test, rely on measurement of radioactively labeled vitamin B12 after an oral dose of the vitamin (1 ). The use of a radioactively labeled compound has made the tests increasingly unacceptable (2 ). An alternative approach is therefore needed for estimation of the absorption of vitamin B12. Measurement of vitamin B12–saturated transcobalamin (holo-TC) or total cobalamin after oral ingestion of vitamin B12 may represent such a test. We recently demonstrated that a consistent and significant increase in holo-TC occurs in healthy individuals after oral intake of three 9g doses of vitamin B12 given at 6-h intervals, indicating that this analyte reflects active vitamin B12 absorption (3 ). In the present study, we evaluated the use of this new approach as a vitamin B12 absorption test in patients with inherited malabsorption of vitamin B12 attributable to Imerslund–Grasbeck syndrome (IGS) or lack of intrinsic factor (IF), their obligate heterozygous parents, and healthy controls.


A series of dinuclear N-heterocyclic bis-dicarbene gold(III) complexes of the general formula [Au2Br4(RIm-Y-ImR)2](PF6)2 (Im = imidazol-2-ylidene; 1b, R = Me, Y = CH2; 2b, R = Me, Y = (CH2)2; 3b, R = Me, Y = (CH2)3; 4b, R = Me, Y = (CH2)4; 5b, R = Cy, Y = CH2; 6b, R = Me, Y = m-xylylene) were successfully synthesized by oxidative addition of bromine to the corresponding dicarbene gold(I) complexes 1a–6a. The stability of the digold(III) complexes depends on the length of the bridge Y between the carbene units. The complex with Y = CH2 undergoes a partial reductive elimination, giving the first example of the mixed-valence gold(I)/gold(III) dinuclear bis-dicarbene complex 1c, together with a minor quantity of the neutral digold(III) mono-dicarbene complex [Au2Br6(MeIm-CH2-ImMe)] (1d). The X-ray crystal structures of complexes 1c,d, 3b, and 6b were determined. Besides complex 3b, the addition of bromine to complex 3a gives complex 3b′, a coordination metallopolymer, formed by an infinite chain of AuBr2 unit...


Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest bacterial infections in children. A single UTI may lead to significant acute morbidity and often recurs. Rare but serious long-term sequelae of UTI include hypertension and chronic kidney disease. The knowledge that a significant number of young children with UTI will have an underlying anomaly of the urinary tract, most commonly vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and that those with more severe anomalies are more likely to suffer recurrent infections and chronic injury, has led to considerable research and ongoing debate. Whilst much progress has been made in understanding the links between UTI, VUR, and chronic kidney injury, many unanswered questions remain.


Porous media usually exhibit distinct transport properties of a dual domain, which is attributed to layering, fracturing, or aggregation. In this study, a mobile‐mobile (MM) model of radial solute transport consisting of two advection‐dispersion equations (ADEs) is presented to describe the bimodal (or double‐peaked) breakthrough curves (BTCs) through two distinct pore domains consisting of interrelated fast‐flow and slow‐flow domains. Transport processes, including advection, dispersion, and first‐order mass transfer between the two domains, were considered in the model. Semi‐analytical solutions were derived using a Laplace transform, matrix diagonalization and numerical Laplace inversion method, and the solutions were verified against the existing analytical solution for the mobile‐immobile (MIM) model under the special case of zero velocity in the slow‐flow domain. In addition, Markov Chain Monte Carlo is applied to estimate the MM model parameters using the experimental data. The results indicate that a larger transfer coefficient between the fast‐flow and the slow‐flow domains resulted in a weaker bimodal phenomenon for concentration distribution curves, which was notably more apparent when there was a greater variation in pore flow velocities between the two domains. Also, the MM model can be used to investigate other types of abnormal transport features such as late arrival and early arrival. Finally, the ADE, MIM, and MM models were used to interpret the experimental data conducted by Fernàndez‐Garcia et al. (2004, http://doi.org.10.1029/2004wr003112), and it was found that the proposed MM model can explain the bimodal feature of BTCs while the ADE and MIM models fail to do so.


The invention relates to a load bearing type nut. The load bearing type nut comprises a triangular-shaped hanging ring; an inverted boss is connected under the handing ring; a threaded hole is formed inside the boss. According to the load bearing type nut, the triangular-shaped hanging ring is added to the upper end of the ordinary nut, a position on a blank, which does not influence product finishing, is fixedly provided with a bolt-head bolt when large-sized forging and pressing blanks are hung, and then the blank and a crane is fixed through the hanging nut. Compared with a rope binding method, the load bearing type nut has the advantages of improving the production efficiency and being stable and firm in connection.


The article is devoted to the development of one of the new directions for solving mining and geological problems based on the specific features of the formation of an artificial acoustic signal. To register an artificial acoustic signal, an intrinsically safe portable recorder was developed and manufactured approved for use in the explosive environments. Recording of the acoustic information in the mine is carried out on a carrier in the digital form, on the surface it is transferred to a personal computer equipped with a special program for processing this signal Geoscan-RIVAS. The program reproduces recording, extracts artificial acoustic signal pulses, calculates spectra and parameters using them for further analysis of the rock mass state: determines the distance from the coal seam to the weakened interlayer contacts in the roof or soil of the coal seam, estimates the relative intensity of the contacts weakening, controls the position of the contact with maximum attenuation, calculates the relative stress factor. Some tasks are solved in the automatic mode: determination of the distance from the mine working to the outburst formation; forecast of breakthroughs of methane from the workings soil; hazard assessment of the rock bursts, sudden outbursts, extrusion of the coal seam. To perform these works, the method of acoustic sounding was developed. Methodology does not consider propagation of the elastic vibrations in the rock mass (signal registration is performed in the near zone), but only registers the occurrence of natural resonant vibrations that occur in the seams having a near-surface weakened zone at the contact. This zone is formed on the individual lithological differences and on the interlayer deformations when extracting a mineral. Solution of practical tasks with the use of acoustic soundings was carried out at the mines of Kuzbass. Conducted studies allow to recommend acoustic sounding also in the development of ore deposits for assessing the stress-strain state of the rock mass.


The present invention provides a data processing method of the RLC in AM (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) UMTS system. In the data processing method according to the invention, the transmitter including the processing time information in the message to control the data link and transmits the receiving side, the receiving side by using the processing time information included in the message to control the data link processing the radio messages do.


The structure, technology and analysis of gel with kalanchoe juice, chloramphenicol and methyluracil on a polymeric basis is developed. Gel possesses the expressed antimicrobic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing action. Efficiency of the offered gel in complex treatment of wound, burn and traumatic defeats, high drainage ability is established. Possibility of use of an oxygen therapy with the developed gel is shown.


UK Bribery Act has been described as "the toughest anti-corruption legislation in the world", raising the bar above the standard set by the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. In order to be free from the UK Bribery Act investigation, South Korean companies which wish to continue its business with some relations with United Kingdom must take measures to prevent corruptive business practice as soon as possible. it is unfortunate that South Korean companies have not demonstrated a corruption free business practices because either sanctions are low-level or confiscation does not exist under Korean Anti-Bribery Law. Thus both knowing the Act in details and complying with it are an urgent matter. To ensure the compliance measures, Korean government must make it a legal obligation for companies to set up an internal department which handles the adequate procedures for bribery prevention in and outside the United Kingdom. Along with such a continuos monitoring system, pratical whistleblower protection program must be enforced. Many countries including such as US, UK and Japan have the internal control system as regulations in the commercial law or corporative law to reduce the risk in business and prevent the corruption of companies. However, that's not the case in Korea. Therefore, it should be considered that the internal control system is imposed as regulations of the commercial law in Korea.


Carpal tunnel syndrome is the commonest cause of acro-paraesthesia in the upper limb and decompression of the median nerve is therefore a common minor operation. On the whole, the procedure has a good reputation for relief of symptoms and freedom from complications, though not in every series has it been troublefree (Table 1). This paper reports a review of shortterm and a random selection of longer-term follow-ups from this hospital. A brief account of the findings in this series will follow, and from this, certain conclusions can be drawn which may help to improve the surgical management of this condition. The diagnosis was originally made upon the clinical finding, in particular, the presence of night-time paraesthesia. In some cases, night cock-up splints had been used to confirm the diagnosis by their relief of symptoms. There were 151 patients, all operated on under a general anaesthetic with a tourniquet. The male to female ratio was 18 to 133, and the majority of patients were between 40 and 60 years of age. 42 patients had bilateral operations making a total of 193 operations in 151 people. RESULTS


The article examines the traditions of education and upbringing of students at the Yaroslavl Medical Academy. Among the best university traditions there are those which have a long history and also newborn. It is shown how adherence to tradition becomes a real instrument for formation the spiritual culture of students, attaching them to the standards of the medical community, the best examples of Russian culture, historical memory.


Cezanne and Huang Binhong have used the shapes of "sphere,cylinder and cone" and "all kinds of triangular arcs" in their oil paintings and Chinese traditional landscape paintings respectively.After an overall and specific comparison,the author puts forward that their similarities lie in their natural and creative use of geometric forms in their works,but the shapes of "sphere,cylinder and cone" and "all kinds of triangular arcs" are obviously different.The reasons are the differences between western and Chinese culture and arts which influence on the painters' cognitive styles and their paintings.


Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the nutritional status of primary school children aged 6 to 11 years in Sepang District and to compare the results with a similar study carried out in 1999. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Sepang District using stratified random cluster sampling technique. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Weight was recorded using a digital bathroom scale TANITA model HD-309 and height was measured by using a SECA Body meter Model 208. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. Classifications of the nutritional status of respondents was based on WHO classification 1983 and 1995. Data were analysed using SPSS. Results: The overall mean BMI for the 1,910 respondents was 16.8 (95% CI= 16.67 - 16.99; SE=0.08). The median BMI was 15 .7 ranging from 9.51 to 36.75 kg/m2. The majority (84.4%) had normal weight-for-age status, 7.6% respondents had weight-for-age status below -2 SD of the NCHS-WHO median and 8.0% had weight-for-age status above +2 SD of the NCHS-WHO median. The prevalence of underweight and overweight was significantly higher in the males compared to the females (p< 0.05). There was a significant association between underweight and ethnicity (p< 0.05). The majority (90.3%) had normal heightfor- age status, 8.8% had height-for-age below - 2 SD of the NCHS-WHO standard median and 0.9% had height-for-age above 2 SD from the NCHS median. The prevalence of stunting was significantly higher in the male (10.3%) as compared to 7.4% in the females (X2 = 5.11, P = 0.02). The majority (81.4%) of the respondents were within the normal weight-for-height, 3.4% were wasted (weight-for-height was below - 2 SD of the NCHSWHO median) and 15.2% of the respondents were obese (weight-for-height that is more than +2 SD of the NCHS-WHO median). The prevalence of wasting was higher in the females (4.1 %) compared to males (2.8%). The prevalence of obesity was slightly higher in the males (15.4%) compared to females (14.9%). Conclusion: The overall nutritional status of primary schools children is good. However, there still exists pockets of population in Sepang where chronic and acute forms of undernutrition persist in these children.


The relation between the appearance of photosensitivity and the level of total pheophorbide (the existing pheophorbide plus chlorophyllase activity) in spirulina, an edible alga, was investigated in rats. Three kinds of spirulina which contain 72, 92 and 151mg% respectively of total pheophorbide were tested in, three groups of Wistar-strain male rats, together with a control group, by feeding diet containing 10% of each spirulina to the test groups, and the regular diet to the control group for 10 days, and giving 4 hour of light exposure a day.No symptom of photosensitivity was observed even in the group given spirulina containing 151mg% of total pheophorbide, as well as chlorella products which are restricted by law to contain less than 160mg% of total pheophorbide. There was no difference among the groups including the control in body weight, or serum GOT, GTP, potassium or sodium level.


New housing developments in Australia, particularly on Greenfield sites on the edge of existing urban centres, need to be sustainable in environmental and social terms if long term problems are to be avoided. Sustainability is multi-dimensional and existing analyses have been found to be inadequate in assessing housing developments holistically. This paper describes research which has used five criteria (energy use, resource use, neighbourhood character, neighbourhood connectivity and diversity), representing 31 indicators, to assess three housing precincts of a regional city in southern Australia. The method has been found to produce useful assessments of sustainability. The method has the potential to inform future housing developments and to be used to improve existing suburbs.


Bridging the physical world with the virtual one often broadens the possibilities of accelerating and easing embedded system design. This is even more true for WSNs, where generally the developed applications need to be tested and executed in hundreds to thousands of nodes. Often times, it is hard to manage test beds that have huge number of nodes. The most common solution is to rely on simulation frameworks that allow the developers to create virtual sensor nodes and then provides levels of abstraction to specify the applications which will be executed on the nodes. The foremost drawback of this kind of simulation is the absence of direct interfaces with the physical environment. Hence in this paper we propose a hybrid simulation framework for WSN application development that interconnects a virtual network with the physical network and then allows one to simulate the networks as a whole. Moreover, the developers model WSN applications by using high level abstractions which could be used for multi-platform automatic code generation (in TinyOS and Ember ZigBee platforms).


The fixed point Dirac operator on the lattice has exact chiral zero modes on topologically non-trivial gauge field configurations independently whether these configurations are smooth, or coarse. The relation nL − nR = Q , where nL (nR) is the number of left (right)-handed zero modes and Q FP is the fixed point topological charge holds not only in the continuum limit, but also at finite cut-off values. The fixed point action, which is determined by classical equations, is local, has no doublers and complies with the no-go theorems by being chirally non-symmetric. The index theorem is reproduced exactly, nevertheless. In addition, the fixed point Dirac operator has no lattice artefact zero modes, i.e. there are no 'exceptional configurations'. 1Work supported in part by Schweizerischer Nationalfonds, by Iberdrola, Ciencia y Tecnologia, España and by the Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura, España. 2On leave from the Institute of Theoretical Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest In the continuum the Dirac operator of massless fermions in a smooth background gauge field with non-zero topological charge has zero eigenvalues. The corresponding eigenfunctions are chiral and the number of leftand right-handed zero modes are related to the topological charge of the gauge configuration: nL−nR = Q [1]. It is believed by many that this theorem has important consequences on the low energy properties of QCD. A possible intuitive picture of a typical gauge configuration in QCD is that of a gas or liquid of instantons and anti-instantons with quantum fluctuations [2]. For such configurations, the Dirac operator is expected to have a large number of quasi-zero modes which could be responsible for spontaneous chiral symmetry-breaking [3]. Typical gauge field configurations contributing to the path integral are not smooth, however. In addition, the regularization which is necessary to define the quantum field theory breaks some other conditions of the index theorem as well. Standard lattice formulations, for example, violate the conditions of the index theorem in all possible ways: the topological charge of coarse gauge configurations is not properly defined and the Dirac operator breaks the chiral symmetry in an essential way. In the continuum limit these problems disappear, while close to the continuum some trace of the index theorem can be identified [4]. In general, however, the expected chiral zero modes are washed away and, even worse, unwanted zero modes occur as lattice artifacts ('exceptional configurations') [5]. We are going to show here that a lattice formulation of QCD working with the fixed point (FP) action (classically perfect action) [6–11] and FP topological charge [12, 13] which are defined in the context of Wilson's renormalization group theory [14], solves all these problems: the index theorem remains valid on the lattice even if the cut-off is small (the resolution is poor). We find it amazing that a theorem which is based on differential geometry and topology finds its validity in a context where none of these notions seem to be defined. The FP action in QCD is determined by classical equations. Many aspects of these equations and of their solutions have been studied earlier. In particular, it can be shown that the symmetries of the continuum theory (infinitesimal translation, rotation, chiral transformation, etc.) are realized on the solutions of the FP equations of motion although the FP lattice action itself is not manifestly invariant [11]. Actually, the index theorem on the lattice can be demonstrated by using these FP equations to connect the lattice problem with that of the continuum, where the Atiyah-Singer theorem is valid [10]. Here we shall follow another way which allows to prove the index theorem on the lattice directly and leads to additional results as well. We shall first give the essential steps of the argument and then present some details in the second part of the paper. The fermion part of the FP action can be written as 3 S f (ψ̄, ψ, U) = ∑ n,n′ ψ̄nhnn′(U)ψn′ , (1) where hnn′(U) is a specific lattice form of the Dirac operator. In eq. (1) the colour and Dirac indices are suppressed. We consider one flavour, Nf = 1. The FP Dirac operator is local, has no doublers, satisfies the hermiticity property h = γ5hγ5 , (2) and, in complying with the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem [15], it is not chiral invariant. This is realized, however, in a very special way — the chiral symmetry breaking part of the fermion propagator is given by 1 2 {h nn′(U), γ5}γ5 = Rnn′(U) , (3) where {, } denotes the anticommutator. The hermitian matrix Rnn′(U) is trivial in Dirac space and it is local. This chiral symmetry breaking term appears only due to the non-chiral-invariant blocking transformation of the fermion fields, and not by an ad hoc term added to the action. For that reason, the physical content of the theory, in particular the chiral properties of the propagating states, are not affected by this breaking term. The precise form of R depends on the block transformation whose FP we are considering. There are block transformations which give simply Rnn′ = const · δnn′ , but in general it has an extension of O(a). Eq. (3) with a local R is a highly non-trivial property of the FP action. Indeed, h−1(U) is the propagator in the background 3We use dimensionless quantities everywhere. The dimensions are carried by the lattice unit a.


[Objective]To obtain the optimum pretreatment for determination of microelements in wine by atomic absorption spectrometry. [Method]With marketed clarified Ganhong wine as samples,different pretreatment proposal methods for determination of microelements in wine (Fe,Zn,Mg,K) by atomic absorption spectrometry were compared,namely direct dilution method,evaporation of alcohol method,perchloric acid and nitric acid digestion method,hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid digestion method. Through comparison of precision,recovery of standard addition and sample determination value,the optimum pretreatment method was obtained. [Result]The results showed that hydrogen peroxide- nitration method has better results,it is the ideal way for determination of microelements in wine; alcohol has no significant effects on the determination of microelements in wine; Microelements in wine exists combination state,digestion proposal should also conducted on wine with fewer impurities,so as to achieve the accurate detection result. [Conclusion]The study can provide reference for accurate determination of microelements in wine.


A new approach to digital image signatures (watermarks) is proposed in this study. An image signature algorithm consists of two stages : signature casting and signature detection. In the first stage, small changes are embedded in the image which afterwards are identified in the second stage. After chosing certain pixel blocks from the image, a constraint is embedded among their Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients. Two different embedding rules are proposed. The first one employs a linear type constraint among the selected DCT coefficients and the second assigns circular detection regions, similar to the vector quantization techniques. The resistance of the digital signature to JPEG compression and to filtering are analyzed.


For the past 2 decades, Alex Jacobson has provided orthodontists with the quintessential book for understanding and applying cephalometric data to their orthodontic diagnoses and treatment plans. This new edition, co-edited with Richard Jacobson, continues that service with important revisions that bring it completely up-to-date. Drs Jacobson have wisely continued to include chapters by eminent specialists, such as Coenraad Moorees, Richard Weems, Page Caufield, Scott McClure, André Ferreira, James Vaden, Herb Klontz, Lionel Sadowsky, Joseph Ghafari, Lysle Johnston, Shane Langley, Christos Vlachos, David Sarver, Mark Johnston, William Harrell, David Hatcher, and James Mah. These individuals describe their concepts in precise terms that leave little to the imagination. Most of the chapters from Jacobson's previous cephalometric publications continue in this new edition. However, as befits the era, new chapters devoted to 3-dimensional cephalometry offer readers valuable and current information regarding these new additions to the cephalometric armamentarium. Another new chapter by Ghafari addresses the subject of posteroanterior cephalometry, which has new relevance in this time of 3-dimensional analysis, diagnosis, and treatment planning. Rather than include printed cephalometric templates as in previous publications, this new book attaches them to a CD-ROM that also contains manual tracing templates, digital tracing templates, and video clips that demonstrate 3-dimensional technology. A superb teaching and learning tool! Previous orthodontic texts that once offered the profession valuable information have eventually become passé and have, understandably, passed from the scene and our memories. Fortunately for us, Jacobson has resisted the temptation to let his knowledge lie fallow and offers us this revised edition that includes significant advancements and continues to merit our close attention. This is a "must" for orthodontic residents and faculty. –Larry White MICROIMPLANTS IN ORTHODONTICS


This chapter offers a brief sketch of the theological thought, or more specifically, the God-Talk language of Turner. The chapter then offers a rhetorical analysis of the text and argues that Turner engages in what some scholars call rhetorical theology. By maintaining that all theology is at its core a form of argument, rhetorical theology places emphasis on how a speaker or writer situates language in order to persuade its hearers to a certain position. In other words, when Turner spoke and wrote "God is a Negro," he was not doing systematic theology; he was engaged in a public theology, which is a rhetorical enterprise that had as its aim a persuasive function within a specific context.


In May 1969, Charles Harrison reviewed Morris Louis' exhibition at the Waddington Galleries in London. Months later, he helped to install the exhibition When Attitudes Become Form at the Institute of Contemporary Arts. Harrison also wrote the catalogue text, published in Studio International. Those two texts marked a significant point in Harrison's career. They were indicative of his disillusionment with modernist criticism, and of his burgeoning interest in the work of post-minimal and conceptual art. In this respect, the two essays mark a transition from modernism to post-modernism in the space between a formalist analysis of the art object and a more dispersed field of artistic practice, where a changed relationship between art practice, criticism, and curating was taking place. However, in the 2000s, Harrison came to reflect upon this cardinal moment. Harrison referred to his recollected experiences of the late 1960s as a 'cherished moment of involuntary realism', opening up issues around art writing which remain pertinent to the practice of art history.


Gejiu tin deposit is one of the largest tin production and export bases in China.For nearly a century history of exploration and mining,numerous geology,geophysics,geochemistry and remote data have been accumulated.So this is good for the study of the metallogenic information extraction.Taking Arc SDE Geodatabase and SQL Server space database as key technologies,the paper has introduced the Gejiu tin deposit database design processes from concept design,logic structure design to physical design and built the tin spatial database for metallogenic prediction information extraction.Based on the tin spatial database,remote sensing alteration,geological structure,geophysical and geochemical metallogenic information has been extracted by combining GIS spatial analysis with SDM technology.These research results can provide technical support for the prospecting prediction to mine production.


Objective: To investigate the surgical technique of cataract after vitrectomy and the treatment of complications. Methods: There are 19 eyes of 19 cataract patients underwent vitrectomy, phacoemulsification of transparent corneal incisions on surface anesthesia, without auxiliary perfusion, and implantation of intraocular lens, Regular second day open eye drops. The follow-up is 2 12 months. Results: 1) Anterior chamber during the operation: anterior chamber was significantly deepened, and the individual Anterior chamber was extremely deep. 2) Postoperative visual acuity: visual acuity improved > 3 line 6 eyes, visual acuity did not improve 1 eye, visual acuity improved < 3 walker 12 eyes. 3) Postoperative intraocular pressure: postoperative follow-up of 1 month, with an intraocular pressure of 9 23 mmHg. 4) Complications: 6 eyes with corneal edema, no corneal decompensation; 7 eyes were anterior chamber inflammation and flash; there was no the posterior capsular rupture and the nuclear block fall into the vitreous cavity. Conclusion: The surgical technique of phacoemulsification and operation of cataract are more demanding. The patient must have rich experience of intraocular operation, skilled technology of phacoemulsification, strong risk prediction and strain ability, and good psychological quality. It can be very effective.


Butyryl cholinesterase activity in Glossimetra orientalis was studied histoehemically with Gomori ' s method using butyrylthiocholine as substrate. Eserine sulphate (10 -5 M) was used as inhibitor for AChE. The study reveals that the enzyme is present mainly in the musculature of the reproductive system, excretory canal, nerve eells and fibers, tegument and subtegumentary cells and suckers. The testes, ovary and parenchyma are completely negative. The functional significance o f the enzyme in the various locations have been discussed.


Background: Phytochrome is the most abundant photoreceptor in Arabidopsis thaliana ( Arabidopsis ), which integrates light and temperature signals, and in turn regulates plant development. However, the exact pattern of integrated signals during seed germination remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effect of NtPHYB1 genotype in response to ecological environments in Nicotiana tabacum L.
Results: The germination frequencies of WT seeds showed at least no significant difference, and were significantly higher than that of NtPHYB1 - GFP and NtPHYB1 -RNAi seeds in some environments or. According to the maximum germination frequency , germination of NtPHYB1 - GFP seeds was mainly inhibited by continuous light exposure, while the germination of NtPHYB1- RNAi seeds was repressed by low temperature and no light (darkness) exposure. At 15ºC, the germinations of all three genotypic seeds were inhibited by the low-temperature, and the germination frequency of NtPHYB1 - GFP seeds was significantly lower than that of WT and NtPHYB1 -RNAi seeds; while light signal had no effect at 15ºC. At 20 and 25ºC, the temperature signal promoted germination, and the signal of light was dispensable. At this condition, the maximum germination frequencies were obtained for NtPHYB1 - GFP and WT seeds. At 30 and 35ºC, the light signal was indispensable to maintain seed germination for all three genotypic seeds. At this condition, NtPHYB1 -RNAi seeds reached the maximum germination frequency.
Conclusion: Phytochrome B regulates seed germination by integrating light and temperature signals. The above results elucidate why warm spring and autumn (about 25ºC) are more suitable for sowing compared to cool winters (less than 15ºC) and hot summers (greater than 30ºC).


Collaborative consultation is described aS a popular model for quality interaction between regular and special educators. Governors State University includes coursework in collaborative consultation in its Master's Degree in Multicategorical (Cross-categorical) special education (0, BD, & EM9). A three credit hour graduate course in consultation was developed to train special educators in skills needed to best fulfill their roles in successful mainstreaming (i.e. interacting appropriately with staff and parents; being involved in pre-referral activities; demonstrating appropriate role in building educational team etc.). In five years the program has produced 72 graduates, and the faculty decided to evaluate the effectiveness of the consultation coursework through a questionnaire sent to the graduates. The study sought to evaluate whether the consultation skills taught are being applied, whether the roles that were presupposed actually are a part of the graduate's job, whether the course content contains all skills needed by a special education teacher, and what barriers and obstacles exist to implementing a consultation role and how they may be eliminated. Efficacy of Collaborative COnsultation


The Mobile Message Passing Interface is a library which implements MPI functionality on Bluetooth enabled mobile phones. It provides many of the functions available in MPI, including point-to-point and global communication. The main restriction of the library is that it was designed to work over Bluetooth piconets. Piconet based networks provide for a maximum of eight devices connected together simultaneously. This limits the libraries usefulness for parallel computing. A solution to solve this problem is presented that provides the same functionality as the original Mobile MPI library, but implemented over a Bluetooth scatternet. A scatternet may be defined as a number of piconets interconnected by common node(s). An outline of the scatternet design is explained and its major components discussed.


State-of-the-art general-purpose graphic processing units (GPGPUs) implemented in nanoscale CMOS technologies offer very high computational throughput for highly-parallel applications using hundreds of integrated on-chip resources. These resources are stressed during application execution, subjecting them to degradation mechanisms such as negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) that adversely affect their reliability. To support highly parallel execution, GPGPUs contain large register files (RFs) that are among the most highly stressed GPGPU components; however we observe heavy underutilization of RFs (on average only 46%) for typical general-purpose kernels. We present ARGO, an Aging-awaRe GPGPU RF allOcator that opportunistically exploits this RF underutilization by distributing the stress throughout RF. ARGO achieves proper leveling of RF banks through deliberated power-gating of stressful banks. We demonstrate our technique on the AMD Evergreen GPGPU architecture and show that ARGO improves the NBTI-induced threshold voltage degradation by up to 43% (on average 27%), that yields improving RFs static noise margin up to 46% (on average 30%). Furthermore, we estimate a simultaneous reduction in leakage power of 54% by providing sleep states for unused banks.


This technology relates to a method of operating a memory system and a memory system for processing data from the memory device, a request (request) from the host (host), including a plurality of memory cells coupled to a plurality of word lines (word line) the leads (read) data and the write (write) data a plurality of pages, and the plane (plane) to the said page, a plurality of memory blocks included are, and comprising the memory block and the flag stored in that a memory device including a plurality of memory chips contained; And the first page buffer (page buffer corresponding to the after storing the first write data to the buffer corresponding to the write command (write command) received from the host, a first write data stored in the buffer to the first plane ) to store, said buffer and said first plane in between the release (release) at a later, a first write data stored in the first page buffer, a first page included in the first plane It may comprise; a controller that program.


Children with cleft palate have been served by a professional team for many years. That team traditionally includes the plastic surgeon, orthodontist, and speech-language pathologist. The role of the classroom teacher, however, has received little attention in the literature. Yet children with cleft palate often demonstrate difficulty in the classroom. Many have delayed language development and are more likely to have a language-based learning disability. In addition, some may experience problems with social discrimination by peers and teachers. The purpose of this article is to help teachers understand the needs of children with cleft palate, and to offer specific suggestions for working with these students. The suggestions are based on a review of the literature and on discussions with parents of children with clefts.


The present invention relates to the preparation process of a kind of hollow noble metal microcapsule. After mesoporous silica microball as template is amino group modified, nano noble metal particle is filled into the microball hole canal and one layer of polyelectrolyte is adsorbed to the surface, and silica is finally leached out through treatment in alkali solution condition to prepare the hollow noble metal microcapsule. Said process is simple, has adjustable shell material and is suitable for the preparation of most kinds of functional microcapsule. The microcapsule product has fine appearance and excellent performance, and may find its wide application in different fields, such as medicine preparation, catalyzing, electrochemistry, etc.


The invention discloses a dendrobium bonsai manufactured by planting a dendrobium on a stone or tree stump. The rock and tree stump dendrobium bondai is formed by selecting the stone or tree stump with water absorptivity and other bonsai molding materials, arranging the molding materials into a basin according to different shapes, planting the living tree stump in the basin with soil and fixing a dendrobium seedling onto the molding materials. The bonsai directly shows the special growing environment of the dendrobium on the stone or the tree, exhibits the visual effect of strong life, demonstrates a life legend on the stone, is highly ornamental and is an innovative means for vividly publicizing and graphically displaying the dendrobium medicinal material which is a plant to die.


New results from the study of zircon U–Pb ages by SIMS and the geochemistry of basic volcanism of Wrangel Island's central part are considered. Volcanites are represented by rhyolites and spilitized basalts. For a long time, the age of rocks was considered as early Carboniferous, since they are discordantly overlapped by late Carboniferous limestones (Kosko et al., 2003). Recently, the age of rhyolites is estimated at ~590-610 million years, their compositions are compared with A-type granites (Luchitskaya et al., 2017). For basic volcanites, there is a large spread of U-Pb SIMS ages of zircon grains. The age of crystallization corresponds to the Ediacaran-middle Cambrian time (~510-608 million years). The volcanic rocks' compositions  have high concentrations of TiO2 up to 3.4 wt. %. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element pattern exhibit pronounced enrichment of light REE respect to medium (La/Sm)n= 1.4–2.4 and heavy (La/Yb)n= 2.2-6.1 REE. primitive-mantle normalized spidergrams show negative Nb-Ta anomaly, significant enrichment with LILEs and most HFSE. The geochemical characteristics of the basic volcanic rocks of the Wrangel island indicate the similarity with the traps of to traps of the Noril'sk area in northen Central Siberia and intraplate environment. The geological observations and the obtained ages suggest that the basic volcanic rocks are comagmatic with rhyolites having the geochemical features of A-type granites. It is assumed that this bimodal association was formed within the continental rift zone. It is assumed that the rocks were formed in a one single rift system with the coeval orthogneisses and gabbroids (Amato et. al., 2014) of the Alaskan Seward Peninsula


Background: The organic compounds that are present in water facilitate the formation of Trihalomethanes (THMs) and mutagenic substances and consequently undermine the suitability of drinking water. Objectives: This work aimed to investigate the extent to which total organic carbons (TOCs) are efficiently removed in the Jalaliyeh water treatment plant. Methods: Water samples, which included raw water, the effluent after the accelerator process, and the effluent after the filtration process, were taken from the Jalaliyeh water treatment plant over the course of six months. Three samples of each type were taken on two specific days of each week, equating to 24 samples in each month and 144 samples in total. TOC measurements were taken using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 555 nm. Results: When the input TOC was at its maximum value, TOC removal efficiency was around 80%. This could potentially be increased by augmenting the amount of coagulant substance or through the use of coagulant aid. The removal efficiency reduced as the concentration of TOC input reduced. Conclusions: The accelerator eliminated TOC with an acceptable level of efficiency. The samples taken after rainy days contained higher organic matter content, especially TOC, than on the days following no rainfall.


The results of numerical analyzing of air concentration distribution in the AVIMORE chute spillway are presented in this paper. In order to solve this phenomenon two modeling strategies are used: 1) Solving the flow parameters without considering the effects of free surface aeration and then computing air mean concentration by a separate post-processor. 2) Simultaneous solution the flow equations and computation of the air entrainment from the water free surface. Therefore, firstly, the free surface air entrainment mechanism on chute reviewed, and then, the numerical solution of shallow water equations in inclined coordinate system is described. The equations are converted to discrete form using the overlapping cell vertex and cell centre finite volume methods on a triangular unstructured mesh. The post-processor uses relations for computing the inception point characteristics and air mean concentration as vertical well as distribution profiles along the chute. In the second modeling strategy the effects of free surface aeration on the bed friction coefficient reduction and depth bulking are considered at each computational step of flow solution. The results are compared with observations on the AVIMORE chute spillway. Finally, the best experimental relations for simulating the entrainment of air into the flow on chute spillways have been chosen.


Objective To summarize the clinical experience of treatment of recurred urinary stone.Methods The patients who needed to be treated again from 1998 to 2002 were reviewed.Results Patients with recurred urinary stone were differentiated by symptom,the causation of recurred stone and operation.Conclusion The pointed step must be adopted based on the clinical character of recurred urinary stone.Preventing against recurred and choosing appropriate method can improve the treatment effect.


Changes in pro-and antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in blood serum were studied in male Wistar rats with inoculated Walker-256 carcinosarcoma. Cell suspension of inoculated Walker-256 carcinosarcoma was injected into a femoral muscle at a dose of 106cells. In order to obtain blood serum, rats were decopitated under ether narcosis 5 days after tumor inoculation, on days 3, 7 and 14. The ratio between pro-and antioxidant activity parameters in blood serum of rats was calculated to assess the balance in the oxidants-antioxidants system. The increase in the ratio between pro-and antioxidant activity of blood serum was observed at all stages of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma, indicating the balance displacement in the oxidants-antioxidant system towards oxidants, that is evidence of oxidative stress.


Abstract : Since much of the research data applies to learning results (achievement of various educational objectives), this report necessarily contains several chapters of varying length dealing with the effectiveness of films in achieving the several objectives of instruction for which they are used in military and civilian education and training.


Introduction Once the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus is established, the clinician will classify the case as one with high maternal-fetal risk. The antepartum management, counseling, assessment of fetal well-being and delivery timing are crucial aspects for these cases. Besides the short-term complications, frequent and wellknown as: macrosomia, preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, stillbirth and neonatal morbidity, we aimed to analyze other, rarer fetal conditions associated with gestational diabetes. Spontaneous abortion and fetal malformation have significantly increased rates in women with an elevated glycated hemoglobin (>10.1%). Poor metabolic control with maternal hyperglycemia during organogenesis increases the risks for these conditions


The present disclosure relates to a system for radiation therapy, methods, and computer-readable storage medium. This embodiment disclosed may receive a plurality of training data, and based on the training data to determine one or more predictive models. One or more predictive models may be based on a given condition at the selected one or more input variables and the output characteristics related conditions associated with the selected probability density, or the joint probability density of the at least one determined. Example embodiments of the present disclosure may also receive patient-specific test data. Further, embodiments of the present disclosure may be based on one or more patient-specific predictive models and test data associated with the predicted characteristics of the output probability density. Further, embodiments of the present disclosure may be generated based on the predicted new treatment plan, and can be used to validate new treatment plan previous treatment plan.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the relationship between subjective job insecurity and self-rated job performance, and to assess how this association is different across different employment groups.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a data set owned by TNO and Statistics Netherlands of more than 89,000 Dutch workers and self-employed that is a representative sample of the Dutch workforce. The authors included data from 2014 and 2016 assessing subjective job insecurity in terms of "a concern about the future of one's job/business" and self-rated job performance.FindingsThe effect size of the association between subjective job insecurity and self-rated job performance is small. For temporary agency workers and on-call workers, the association between subjective job insecurity and job performance is weaker compared to permanent workers and fixed-term workers. However for self-employed workers with and without employees, however, the relation between subjective job insecurity and job performance is stronger compared to permanent workers.Research limitations/implicationsThe biggest limitation is the cross-sectional design of the study, which limits conclusions about causality.Practical implicationsThe finding that subjective job insecurity goes together with less work performance shows that job insecurity has no upside for the productivity of companies.Originality/valueThe study provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between subjective job insecurity and self-rated job performance on a national level.


The IBIS/Tyrer‐Cuzick model is used clinically to guide breast cancer screening and prevention, but was developed primarily in non‐Hispanic White women. Little is known about its long‐term performance in a racially/ethnically diverse population.


A rarely reported postoperative complication following biliary surgery,and to discuss its possible mechanism.This article summarizes I reported HSB case that developed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our department and 9 other cases reported in literature.HSB occurred most frequently after simple cholecystectomy in addition to post operative bile duct exploration with cholecystectomy or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.The main clinical presentation of HSB was paroxysmal colic in the upper abdomen early in the postoperative period,which could be induced after a meal.Imaging revealed subcapsular hepatic fluid collection,and successful treatment involved placement of a percutaneous drain in the biloma.The mechanism of HSB still needs to be clarified even though it is a rarely reported postoperative complication following biliary surgery.We hypothesize,after analyzing these 10 cases,that sphincter of Oddi dysfunction after biliary surgery and the subsequent persistence of high biliary system pressure may be the root cause of HSB formation.More awareness should be paid to the changes of the sphincter's motility after biliary surgery and its related complications (biliary colic,HSB etc.).

Key words:
Cholestasis; Cholecystectomy, laparoscopic; Postoperative complications


Objective:To develop price framework of medical service price project and introduce the weights calculation method of the new edition medical service price project.Methods:According to the new instruction manuals of medical service price and the research of the resource costs based on the relative value(RBRVS)of the U.S.Health Care Financing Administration(HCFA) and the American Medical Association(AMA),an analysis framework and dimension of medical service price was raised and authoritative international medical service project price methods were summarized.Results:Based on the percentages of constituted factors and the professional features,it found the weights calculation model could be constructed with the weights model,and it could calculate the weights of the elements.Conclusion:Medical service price can be measured and comprehensively researched from the different dimensions of the medical service price,so as to carry out the pricing work of medical service price project and provide better service for pharmaceutical reform.


the terahertz (THz) radar signal distorted by atmospheric propagation should be calibrated to suppress paired echoes in radar images. In this paper, to compensate THz radar signals for atmospheric effects, a procedure is proposed to estimate atmospheric condition based on range profile matching. The scattering centers in the range profile are identified via local maximum clustering to extract the distorted separable scattering centers. An atmospheric lookup table is generated to characterize typical atmospheric condition. The range profile of an arbitrary separable scattering center is simulated under different atmospheric condition to match with the extracted scattering center. The atmospheric condition achieving the highest correlation coefficient is used to compensate for atmospheric effects. To validate the proposed procedure, the THz radar echo composed of several scattering centers is simulated under random atmospheric condition, regarding as the distorted signal for calibration. The estimated atmospheric condition is slightly different from the set values, while the range profile distortion caused by paired echoes is noticeably suppressed using the proposed procedure.


: With the increase of available computer performance, unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is now widely used for industrial applications. For the analysis of unsteady vehicle aerodynamics, massive data storage is required for saving time series of spatially highly resolved flow fields. The size of these transient datasets can be significantly reduced using the Incremental Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) by computing POD modes in parallel to the CFD. In this paper, we present a successful approximation of the transient flow field using a reduced number of modes computed by Incremental POD.


Objective To assess the effects of zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), an inhibitor of the heme oxygenase (HO), on the colonic interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) of diabetic rats with colonic slow transit. Methods Diabetes mellitus (DM) model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty four successfully established DM rats were selected, and 16 healthy rats were served as controls. Six weeks later, gastrointestional (GI) dysfunction was observed by charcoal propulsion experiment in 8 DM rats and 8 controls. The rest rats in DM group were divided into 2 groups: DM rats intraperitoneal injected with PBS (n=8) or with 10 μmol/kg of ZnPP (n = 8) every other day for 3 weeks. The rats in control group (n = 8) were intraperitoneally injected with PBS. The levels of HO and c-kit (the special receptor of ICC) expression were detected by Western blotting. The distribution of ICC was observed by immunohistochemistry and the area of c-kit positive cells was counted. Results The GI propulsion rate in DM rats interfered with PBS was significantly declined compared to that in the controls (63.0%± 1.2% vs 71.8%±2.0%, P 0.05). The expression of HO-1 in close and distant colon of DM rats interfered with ZnPP was decreased (P< 0.05). The expression of HO-2 in close colon and the area of c-kit positive cells of DM rats interfered with PBS was reduced compared with that in controls (P<0.05), but both were improved in DM rats interfered with ZnPP (P<0. 05). Conclusion Administration of ZnPP might be able to protect ICC by its blockage of HO-1 in DM rats with gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus;  Zinc protoporphyrin;  Gastrointestinal motility;  Rat


Driver inattention to the approach of a train has been implicated as one of the contributors to railroad crossing accidents. As a potential intelligent transportation systems (ITS) countermeasure, auditory and visual in-vehicle train warnings (ITW) were tested using video simulations of approaches to railroad crossings. Thirty-six younger drivers were tested to determine the effects of ITW reliability (83% and 50%) and failure type (False Alarm 1: the train is not present; False Alarm 2: a crossing is not encountered; and Missed Signal: the arrival of a train is not indicated by the ITW) on perception response time (PRT) and system trust. Drivers initiated braking later after False Alarms 1 and 2 occurred and earlier after experiencing Missed Signals. Perceptions of system trust were lessened by decreases in reliability, but did not discriminate between different failure types. These results are elaborated and generalized to ITW design.


Through scrutinizing China's industrial subsidies towards its solar photovoltaic (PV) sector from a theoretical perspective constructed by Michael Porter on the government's role in forging national comparative advantages, this study tries to capture recent dynamics in China's state capitalism, which has been evolving from a mercantile stage in which most subsidies were designed to influence factor conditions and supporting industries, to a new stage of domestic demand with more subsidies aimed at reshaping domestic demand conditions to absorb redundant manufacture capacity. China has emerged as the world's largest solar panel producer, but compared to its fast-expanding wind power market that has congenital advantages in attracting policy support, China's domestic solar PV market has been underdeveloped and failed to absorb a large part of its inflated production capacity. Empirical evidences have shown that in sync with the state's recent policy shift to domestic demand from export-orientated mercantile strategy, the government's role in supporting the solar PV industry has been transforming from subsidizing the production side to subsiding the demand side. As solar PV power generation is approaching the breaking point of grid parity with existing subsidies and feed-in tariffs, China could witness its PV installed capacity grow exponentially in the near future.


Two centuries ago Rudolph Erich Raspe, a scholarly man with a fertile imagination but questionable probity, published an anonymous collection of tall stories under the title Baron Munchausen's Narrative of His Marvelous Travels and Campaigns in Russia. The collection was promptly reprinted and frequently expanded after its initial appearance [1, 2]. Interestingly, although Raspe was a native German, the Munchausen stories were first printed in English and only later translated into German.


This study is entitled The Relation between Illustration and Meanings in Collection of Poetry of The Sun and Her Flowers: Blooming By Rupi Kaur. This study aims to describe the description and meaning that contained in the collection of poems in The Sun and Her Flowers: Blooming. The method used in this research is descriptive method with an expressive approach. The data collected technique applied is Baca dan Catat based on Bungin's theory (2003). This research uses illustration theory from Barthes (1964), narrative theory from Abrams (2009), the theory of meanings from Leech (1981), and denotative and connotative meanings of Keats (1819). From the results of this study found denotative and connotative meanings contained in each poem, researchers also found a connection between illustrations and poetry lines, also revealed the message about self-discovery that Kaur wanted to convey through his illustrations and poems.


Objective To investigate the expression and significance of AR and NF-ΚBp65 in triple negative breast carcinoma(TNBC).Methods The expression of AR and NF-ΚBp65 in 60 cases of TNBC were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Results The positive rate of AR was 35% (21/60),and that of NF-ΚBp65 was 70% (42/60),and there was no correlation between them.Compared with clinicopathologic features,AR-positive cases were more likely at lower tumor grade and had less mitosis count(P=0.026,P=0.032,respectively),but NF-κB p65-positive cases had more mitosis count(P=0.037).However,there was no significant difference found between their expressions and the others features.Conclusion AR and NF-κB have high positive rates in TNBC,so they may play critical roles in tumorigenesis of TNBC,and could be new treatment targets.


A study of 41 patients with stabilized first‐episode bipolar mania has found that maintenance treatment with lithium was more effective than quetiapine treatment on a number of symptoms over a one‐year period. The results were surprising in that they contradicted prior studies that had found no significant difference between mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics in maintenance treatment.


In this article a case of immobile cilia syndrome situs inversus totalis Kartagener s syndrome is presented in a four years old patient In ultrastructural investigation of bronchial cilium both complete and partial defects of outer and inner dynein arms were seen One of the most distinguished feature of this case is the presence of coincidental malrotation anomaly Key words: Immobile Cilia Syndrome Kartagener s Syndrome Malrotation


This paper presents the results of a model investigation of the consequences of total ionization of a nanoparticle of a condensed medium under the action of a powerful ultrashort pulse of laser radiation. Analytical and numerical methods are used to investigate the evolution of the spatial and energy distributions of ions of the medium in the course of their dispersal for various particle sizes and geometries.


The paper presents the results from performance simulations of three hybrid microgeneration renewable systems in load sharing between residential and commercial buildings set up. The objective is to investigate the impact of these highly efficient systems on buildings' energy use and emissions, load levelling and operational and regulatory issues. Typical residential and office buildings in Canada and Korea representing the latest advances in building industry of both countries have been chosen for the modeling and simulation purposes. The buildings electric and thermal load profiles were derived from actual field performance data, analysed and generated as stochastic time series. A library of such profiles representing the daily, seasonal and yearly performance of the buildings has been created. Daily and seasonal load sharing strategies between the residential and office buildings have been developed and simulated. GSHP, hybrid FC-GSHP and PVT-GSHP microgeneration systems are modeled in TRNSYS- 17 environment. Component models have been developed, tested and verified with CANMET's and KIER's laboratory test and field data. The reference model represents a typical grid connected residential and commercial building with GSHP system. Results from the performance simulations are presented and discussed. The results showed that the hybrid integrated renewable system (PVT-GSHP) provided operational overall energy saving of 23.4% and 23.8% with respect to the GSHP system under Ottawa and Incheon weather conditions, respectively. The grid operator will affect the comfort level and well being of the end users if it is able to manage the load by turning on /off the heating/cooling systems in individual dwellings and buildings.


Objective:To observe the effect of TOUGU XIAOTONG capsule medicated serum on the expression of Cyclin D1 mRNA in chondrocytes,and explore the possible mechanism of TOUGU XIAOTONG capsule in the treatment of osteoarthritis(OA).Methods:Sixteen male New Zealand white rabbits of 12 weeks old were randomly divided into blank group,low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group by drawing lots,4 cases in each group.Rabbits in the low-dose group were intragastric administrated with 5 mg·mL-1 TOUGU XIAOTONG solution(5 mL·kg-1),rabbits in the middle-dose group were intragastric administrated with 10 mg·mL-1 TOUGU XIAOTONG solution(5 mL·kg-1),rabbits in the high-dose group were intragastric administrated with 20 mg·mL-1 TOUGU XIAOTONG solution(5 mL·kg-1),and rabbits in the blank group were intragastric administrated with normal saline(5 mL·kg-1).All the rabbits were intragastric administrated twice a day for 7 consecutive days,and they were intragastric administrated continuous 2 times with interval of 2 hours on-the last day.Three hours after the last administration,medicated serums of experimental rabbits in every group were extracted and preserved in low temperature.Six male New Zealand white rabbits of 4 weeks old were executed and their knee articular cartilages were fetched and placed in the Petri dish with typeⅡcollagenase for digestion.The culture system of cartilage cell in vitro was built,meantime,cell function was evaluated through toluidine blue staining method.The third-generation cartilage cell cultured in vitro were randomly divided into blank group,low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group,and they were placed in the DMEM culture fluid respectively added with blank serum,low-dose traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) serum,middle-dose TCM serum and high-dose TCM serum for further culture. Seventy-two hours later,the cartilage cell proliferation was detected by MTT method,Cyclin D1 mRNA expression was inspected through RT-PCR method,and the cell shape was observed under transmission electron microscope.Results: Culture system of cartilage cell in vitro was successfully built through collagenaseⅡdigestion and purple metachromatic granules were found in cartilage cell through toluidine blue staining method.There were statistical differences in optical density(OD) of cartilage cell among the 4 groups after 72 hours' intervention(F = 6.209,P = 0.004);the OD of cartilage cell in middle-dose group and high-dose group were higher than that of blank group(P = 0.005,P = 0.002);the OD of cartilage cell in middle-dose group and high-dose group were higher than that of low-dose group(P = 0.034, P = 0.011).There were statistical differences in protein expression of CyclinD1 mRNA in cartilage cell among the 4 groups(F = 8.262, P = 0.001);CyclinD1 mRNA in cartilage cell of middle-dose group and high-dose group were higher than that of blank group(P = 0.002, P = 0.001) and low-dose group(P = 0.012,P = 0.004);more chondrocytes in dividing phase were found in middle-dose group and highdose group.Conclusion: TOUGU XIAOTONG capsule medicated serum can promote the proliferation of chondrocytes through promoting the expression of positive regulator CyclinD1 mRNA in G1 period,and it may be partial mechanisms of the better curative effect of TOUGU XIAOTONG capsule in the treatment of OA.Howerer,further research is needed to determin the concrete mechanism of action of TOUGU XIAOTONG capsule on purpose of providing theoretical basis for the clinic.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine. Device for developing the mobility of the shoulder joint comprises a base, equipped with rollers for moving, a patient's seat, placed on the base, a height-adjusting vertical stand, electronic control unit attached to the base, a control panel electrically connected to the electronic control unit, the first reversible motor-reducer electrically connected to the corresponding output of the electronic control unit, the first and the second rods, the second reversible motor-reducer, electrically connected to the corresponding output of the electronic control unit, the first and the second rotation angle sensor whose rotors are rigidly connected to the output shafts of the first and the second reversible motor-reducers, respectively, and their electrical outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the electronic control unit, two position regulators equipped with each corner scale with a lock and attached from different sides to the patient's seat, a healthy arm placement unit mounted on one of the position regulators and consisting of an armrest with a fixing pin and its lock, node placement of the developed hand, formed by the third rod, in the middle part of which there is a tray, and at the ends of the rod are placed respectively elbow stop and handle, L-shaped lever, one end of which is mechanically connected to the second motor-reducer, and its other end is connected to the third rod. One end of the first rod is kinematically connected to the output of the first reversible motor-reducer, and the other end of it is connected through the rod to one end of the second rod, at the other end of which is located the second reversible motor-reducer. On the other position controller there is a vertical stand, on the upper end of which is placed the first reversible motor-reducer. First and the third rods are adjustable in length. EFFECT: invention provides increased automation of the procedure for treating the shoulder joint, as well as expanding the therapeutic possibilities of the device by automating the procedure for restoring the mobility of the shoulder joint in two planes. 1 cl, 7 dwg


Provided is a foam-forming formulation and method of treating an infection in a body cavity. The foam-forming formulation contains hydrogen peroxide, monoglyceride crystals, at least one acid and/or buffer which is present in an amount to provide a pH of 3 to 5 within a body cavity, a blowing agent in an amount to blow the foam-forming composition and form a foam, and water. The foam-forming composition is suitable application to body cavity when blown to form the foam and the form degrades at a body temperature to release the hydrogen peroxide to tissues in the body cavity at a pH of 3 to 5. Also provided is a foam-forming composition vehicle for delivering an active agent.


PURPOSE: A multicast service method in an MPLS(Multi Protocol Label Switching) network is provided to eliminate the consumption of resources due to path establishment by making all groups share a previously established LSP(Label Switched Path), instead of forming a distribution tree for each group. CONSTITUTION: A BSR(BootStrap Router), the highest priority node among RP(Rendezvous Point) nodes, broadcasts an integrated, certified bootstrap message to the RP nodes periodically, and the RP nodes broadcast bootstrap messages to their respective LERs(Label Edge Routers)(101). Subscriber terminals transfer join messages to RP nodes through LERs respectively. The LERs and the RP nodes get to a group data forwarding state and a multicast forwarding state respectively by the transmitted join messages(102). If a packet is received from an arbitrary subscriber terminal to an adjacent LER(103), the LER analyzes the header of the received IP packet(104). Based on RP information delivered from the bootstrap message, the LER transfers the packet to an RP node appointed to service a group specified as the destination of the packet(105). The RP node reproduces the transferred multicast data packet as much as the number of LERs to which the members of the group are connected and delivers them to the LERs through an LSP(106). Each LER reproduces the delivered packet as much as the number of group members in an external network and delivers them to the subscriber terminals(107).


The author analyses the normative and practical aspects of non-competes as a labour law institute. The hypothesis presented in the paper is that although non-compete clauses should exist, there is a need to further limit the inclusion of such clauses in employment contracts (especially post-contractual non-competes), so that there would not be an unjustified limitation on the freedom to work. The aim of the paper is to present the advantages and disadvantages of non-competes from the (opposed) perspectives of the employer and employee, and to indicate which provisions in the Serbian legal framework should potentially be revised in order to avoid employers abusing non-competes in practice. The paper contains an analysis of the legal framework in Serbia and a brief overview of solutions from certain European Union member states which could be utilized as guidelines for amending Serbian legislation, as well as an analysis of the results of a survey conducted through a questionnaire which demonstrates that employees are not very familiar with non-competes. Finally, the author conducted interviews with respondents who have or have had non-competes in their employment contract. Based on the interviews, it was concluded that employees agree to the non-competes out of fear of not getting employed, despite believing that there is no justified basis for such a clause.


Purpose This study is intended to stimulate reflections on effective strategies for promoting the proper implementation of good Environmental Public Policy by panel experts and laymen in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach Based on the methodology of Guglyuvatty (2010) and Mariolla (2009), a study was conducted with a group of Malaysian experts from various disciplines and laymen. Findings Subsidies on water result in no direct incentive for the consumer to initiate environmentally beneficial practices such as saving water or harvesting rainwater. The excise duty exemption on the hybrid vehicles would not encourage motorists to change from regular petrol/diesel motored vehicles. Cooking oil recycling is not viable as the cost of cooking oil is low compared to other countries due to subsidies. Implications As this research looks at updating public policy with the wish-lists of Malaysians, this research could be used to guide public policy makers in developing a more effective environmental public policy.


We report on the epitaxial growth and properties of La1−xCaxMnO3 thin films deposited by pulsed laser ablation. We grew and characterized 11 thin films covering the entire doping range, from x=0 to x=1. A presence of oxygen during postdeposition annealing is shown to be required in order to reduce the resistivity of the samples and to obtain reproducible samples. The lattice constant and phonon frequency that appear in the Emin–Holstein, [D. Emin and T. Holstein, Ann. Phys. 53, 439 (1969).] adiabatic small polaron conductivity formula are reported. Resistivity data from 20 to 300 K are also reported.


Standardization of public security is an important part of national standardization work.Standardization of public se-curity work is the foundation work of regularization of the public security force and public security work standardized and scientific.It is of great significance to strengthen standardization of public security for promoting the "three foundations" project to develop in depth.In accordance with the needs of construction of "three foundations" project standardized simplification,harmonization and coor-dination so that the construction of "three foundations" project can gets a long-term mechanism.


Abstract For titanium alloy at high cutting speed, the severe tool wear will ineluctably take place diminishing the available tool life because of the high instantaneous temperature rise. Especially the WC-Co material in carbide tool will be reacted with the oxygen element in the air and generate oxide, and the tool oxidation wear is inevitable. In milling Ti–6Al–4V alloy operations, this article presents the first comprehensive investigation on the oxidation wear effect of cryogenic cooling on carbide tool compared with the conventional cooling. Based on the Gibbs free energy of the chemical reaction, the machining characteristics of the oxidation reactions were analyzed in detail. A series of machining testes were executed adopting controllable cryogenic cooling milling system. The surface and cross-section morphology and phase composition characteristics of tool were measured by SEM and XRD measuring equipments, as well as the oxidation wear mechanism of tool in cryogenic cooling. The results show that the thermal oxidation degree of the elements of WC-Co is higher in the conventional cooling processing. After cryogenic cooling intervention, oxidation reactions in tool are reduced significantly. Even the most probable reaction is disappeared, and the oxidation degree is decreased. When the temperature drops to 180 K, it has the best cooling effect. In cryogenic, the effective binding of WC crystal particle to the adhesive phase Co is a major factor for inhabiting oxidation wear of tool. The investigations indicate that the cryogenic cooling method can effectively inhibit the oxidation effect of carbide tool in milling titanium alloy process, and it improves the resist oxidation ability of tool.


The projected Storage and Compute needs for the HL-LHC will be a factor up to 10 above what can be achieved by the evolution of current technology within a flat budget. The WLCG community is studying possible technical solutions to evolve the current computing in order to cope with the requirements; one of the main focus is resource optimization, with the ultimate aim of improving performance and efficiency, as well as simplifying and reducing operation costs. As of today the storage consolidation based on a Data Lake model is considered a good candidate for addressing HL-LHC data access challenges. The Data Lake model under evaluation can be seen as a logical system that hosts a distributed working set of analysis data. Compute power can be "close" to the lake, but also remote and thus completely external. In this context we expect data caching to play a central role as a technical solution to reduce the impact of latency and reduce network load. A geographically distributed caching layer will be functional to many satellite computing centers that might appear and disappear dynamically. In this talk we propose a system of caches, distributed at national level, describing both deployment and results of the studies made to measure the impact on the CPU efficiency. In this contribution, we also present the early results on novel caching strategy beyond the standard XRootD approach whose results will be a baseline for an AI-based smart caching system.


A membrane bioreactor (MBR) process was used to treat the dioscorea zingiberensis wastewater. The wastewater treatment station had put in operation for 8 months. The normal sludge concentration in MBR was more than 8000 mg/L. The results showed that the removal rates of pollutants were high, and the MBR could better resist impacting loading. But the COD concentration of effluent was not very low, so the wastewater should be treated by anaerobic or anoxic process at fist. The MBR process had the good effect to removal rate of NH3-N, indicating that the long sludge retention time in MBR made that nitrobacteria accumulated. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to analyze the microbial community structure on the surface of membrane in order to study the biofouling of membrane of MBR. The results indicated that the biofilm formation induced the membrane fouling and that some specific phylogenetic group of bacteria, the Pseudomonas sp. probably played a major role in leading to the severe irreversible membrane biofouling.


The purpose of medicine is healing, and rational methods of healing depend upon diagnosis. Ninety years ago, Sir William Osler (inAequanimitas) said that in the fight against ignorance, quackery, and folly, "... diagnosis, not drugging, is our chief weapon of offence. Lack of systematic personal training in the methods of the recognition of disease leads to the misapplication of remedies, to long courses of treatment when treatment is useless, and so directly to that lack of confidence in our methods which is apt to place us in the eyes of the public on a level with empirics and quacks." The book being reviewed here will help the modern physician in the diagnosis of some of the everyday problems in his or her practice. Difficult Diagnosis 2considers, in 515 pages, 71 topics in alphabetical order, from "abdominal pain, chronic" to "xerostomia." One hundred twenty-seven writers have contributed. The topics include


This study deals with a bilateral control system under communication delay. Control structure is designed to be symmetric among master and slave devices in proposed system, in order to realize the same performance as much as possible even though master and slave side is replaced. Then, this research aims to improve the performance of position tracking in free motion and aims to ensure zero steady state errors of both position and force control in contact motion. The time delay is compensated at force controller section and its gain is varied according to the force responses of master and slave motors. By the proposed method, haptic communication with enhanced performance under communication delay is expected. The validity of proposal is shown by experimental results.


Corynetes compactus Westwood is recognised as a junior synonym (syn. n.) of Pylus anthicides Newman, which is transferred from the South African genus Thriocera Gorham to the endemic Australian genus Thriocerodes Wolcott & Dybas, resulting in the combination Thriocerodes anthicides (Newman), comb. n.


Long duration of diabetes mellitus leads to pathological changes such as neurological abnormality and peripheral vascular changes in foot  which gives rise to ulcer formation in foot.These problems  are aggravated by lack of proper health education.Aim-The   study was carried out to evaluate patients of diabetic foot ulcer with their clinical profile,,complication and different mode of teatment. A total of 50 patients with diabetic foot ulcer who presented in surgery department of SKMCH Muzaffarpur between February 2015 to June 2017 were included in study.Approval from ethical committee of the institution was taken.Result –Most of the patients were males.Most common age group affected was 51-60 year. Debridement with split skin graft was most commonly performed procedure in24 (48%) patients.Septic shock was most common complication present in 20% cases.Conclusion-Proper health education  about diabetes mellitus and its lower limb complication and foot care along with strict contol of blood sugar with surgical intervention hold the key to successful management of diabetic foot ulcer.


Significance Stunting globally affects an estimated 155 million children under 5 years of age, representing about 25% of children worldwide. Due to poor understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, therapeutic interventions to efficiently correct for linear growth delay or associated pathophysiological disturbances are still lacking. Here, we describe the microbial composition of duodenal fluids from stunted children. We show that these children are affected by small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and harbor a characteristic microbial community composed mainly of oropharyngeal bacteria. This microbial signature is also reflected in their feces and conserved between countries. Stunting is traditionally considered to arise from recurrent enteric infections. This study shows that oropharyngeal taxa are associated with stunting, suggesting that alternative pathophysiological mechanisms are involved. Linear growth delay (stunting) affects roughly 155 million children under the age of 5 years worldwide. Treatment has been limited by a lack of understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Stunting is most likely associated with changes in the microbial community of the small intestine, a compartment vital for digestion and nutrient absorption. Efforts to better understand the pathophysiology have been hampered by difficulty of access to small intestinal fluids. Here, we describe the microbial community found in the upper gastrointestinal tract of stunted children aged 2–5 y living in sub-Saharan Africa. We studied 46 duodenal and 57 gastric samples from stunted children, as well as 404 fecal samples from stunted and nonstunted children living in Bangui, Central African Republic, and in Antananarivo, Madagascar, using 16S Illumina Amplicon sequencing and semiquantitative culture methods. The vast majority of the stunted children showed small intestinal bacterial overgrowth dominated by bacteria that normally reside in the oropharyngeal cavity. There was an overrepresentation of oral bacteria in fecal samples of stunted children, opening the way for developing noninvasive diagnostic markers. In addition, Escherichia coli/Shigella sp. and Campylobacter sp. were found to be more prevalent in stunted children, while Clostridia, well-known butyrate producers, were reduced. Our data suggest that stunting is associated with a microbiome "decompartmentalization" of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by an increased presence of oropharyngeal bacteria from the stomach to the colon, hence challenging the current view of stunting arising solely as a consequence of small intestine overstimulation through recurrent infections by enteric pathogens.


I. Let C be a closed rectifiable curve or an open rectifiable arc in the 77-dimensional Euclidean space En. Let C, V(C) and L(C) denote respectively the closed convex hull of C, the volume of C and the length of C. Let (c, n), or (0, n), stand for the problem of maximizing V(C), subject to the condition L(C)=const, for a closed curve C, or an open arc C. It is clear that the solution is to be given only up to a similarity and a rigid motion, possibly followed by a reflexion. On closer examination it turns out that there are four classes of problems: (c, 2n), (0, 2t7), (0, 2n + l) and (c, 2n + l). Under certain restrictive assumptions (c, 2n) has been solved by Schoenberg [l]. Generalizing the Fourier-series isoperimetric method of Hurwitz [2], he proves that the solution C of (c, 2n) is given parametrically by


Background and purpose:  The function of transporters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) has been characterized, but less is known about cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme function in these cells. Given that cytokines are dysregulated in many diseases, the purpose of this work was to assess the impact of cytokines on the expression of CYPs, transporters and chemokine receptors in PBMC.


Correction for 'Manipulating selective dispersion of reduced graphene oxide in polycarbonate/nylon 66 based blend nanocomposites for improved thermo-mechanical properties' by Santosh Kr. Tiwari et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 22145–22155.


The phase diagram of the two-band Fermi gas with repulsive intraband and interband interactions is obtained with the bosonization technique. In the forward-scattering model, there is a region for the superconductivity (SC) within a band due to charge fluctuations in the accompanying band. When the backward scattering is relevant the SC region becomes wider, while when the umklapp scattering is relevant the system is renormalized into two independent single bands, which is considered to cover the regime ~here superconductivity a la single-band attractive Hubbard model is found from quantum Monte Carlo results in the multiband model on discrete lattices.