To study the influences on the down-step ventilation of highway gas tunnel in the progress of the up-and-down-steps method construction, three-dimensional models of the tunnel were built and simulated numerically with the software Fluent, which is based on fluid dynamics theory. A comparative analysis of flow velocity under the condition of five different kinds of distance between the air duct exit and down-step face was made. The impact of arrangement form of air duct was further explored. The simulation results show that the progress of individual ventilation would disturb the air particles in the evacuated up step; under the same entry speed conditions, the closer the duct exit is to the down-step face, the bigger the velocity gradient of jet would be there; the arrangement form of duct would cause less effect on the velocity of air particles that are far from the step.


Given the importance of integrating of explainability into machine learning, at present, there are a lack of pedagogical resources exploring this. Specifically, we have found a need for resources in explaining how one can teach the advantages of explainability in machine learning. Often pedagogical approaches in the field of machine learning focus on getting students prepared to apply various models in the real world setting, but much less attention is given to teaching students the various techniques one could employ to explain a model's decision-making process. Furthermore, explainability can benefit from a narrative structure that aids one in understanding which techniques are governed by which questions about the data. We provide a pedagogical perspective on how to structure the learning process to better impart knowledge to students and researchers in machine learning, when and how to implement various explainability techniques as well as how to interpret the results. We discuss a system of teaching explainability in machine learning, by exploring the advantages and disadvantages of various opaque and transparent machine learning models, as well as when to utilize specific explainability techniques and the various frameworks used to structure the tools for explainability. Among discussing concrete assignments, we will also discuss ways to structure potential assignments to best help students learn to use explainability as a tool alongside any given machine learning application. Data science professionals completing the course will have a birds-eye view of a rapidly developing area and will be confident to deploy machine learning more widely. A preliminary analysis on the effectiveness of a recently delivered course following the structure presented here is included as evidence supporting our pedagogical approach.


A 83-year-old woman developed several small abscesses in the palm of her left hand, caused by a scattering, infected false aneurysm of the radial artery where a catheter had been inserted.


The article represents an effort to determine what the legal meaning of a detailed plan is within the context of the fundamental right of ownership. A detailed plan could be understood under Estonian law as a restriction of the fundamental right of ownership or, alternatively, could come under the legal concept of 'designing the fundamental right of ownership'. The distinction between these two legal concepts is important because they fall under two separate schemes of legal regulation in light of the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia, which differ from each other considerably. If a detailed plan and the conditions laid down therein fall under the 'restriction of the fundamental right of ownership' legal concept, the detailed plan and its conditions must be compliant with the requirements foreseen by the Constitution for any establishment of a restriction to a fundamental right. This question is still unresolved in Estonian law.

To aid in finding a solution that addresses the main research question, the article presents answers for the following sub-questions: i) what the legal effect and meaning of a detailed plan is, ii) how to understand the legal concept of 'restriction of the fundamental right of ownership' and how to distinguish between that legal concept and the other one, and iii) what the scope of the protection of the fundamental right of ownership is in light of public construction law.


Solvent extraction of copper by liquid memberane from leaching solution after gold being removed has been investigated.Liquid memberanes A,B,C and D are used in experiments.Liquid memberane C and D consist of Blue 113A as surfactant,and N235 and N530 as carriers,respectively.Parameters affecting extraction of copper such as volume fraction of N530 in liquid memberane,stiring speed,mass concentration of Cu 2+ in water phase are examined.Experimental results show that the process of extraction copper using kerosene liquid memberane containing 2.5% N530 and 3% Blue 113A is feasible.Extraction of copper can reach 99% when mass concentration of Cu 2+ in water phase is less than 100 mg/L.


Title of Thesis: MAKERWEAR: A TANGIBLE CONSTRUCTION KIT FOR YOUNG CHILDREN TO CREATE INTERACTIVE WEARABLES SeyedMajeed Kazemitabaar, Master of Science, 2017 Thesis directed by: Dr. Jon E. Froehlich Department of Computer Science Wearable construction toolkits have shown promise in broadening participation in computing and empowering users to create personally meaningful computational designs. However, these kits present a high barrier of entry for some users, particularly young children (K-6). In this thesis, we introduce MakerWear, a new wearable construction kit for children that uses a tangible, modular approach to wearable creation. We describe our participatory design process, the iterative development of MakerWear, and results from singleand multi-session workshops with 32 children (ages 5-12; M=8.3 years). Our findings reveal how children engage in wearable design, what they make (and want to make), and what challenges they face. As a secondary analysis, we also explore age-related differences. MAKERWEAR: A TANGIBLE CONSTRUCTION KIT FOR YOUNG CHILDREN TO CREATE INTERACTIVE WEARABLES


Huntington's definition of "political development," that is, the institutionalization of the state. Legitimacy, the moral bond between the individual and the state, Professor Busch regards as a dimension of "moral integration." This concept helps to order his research on Singapore. But he readily admits that very few Third World countries have developed such a close tie between state and citizen. More common, and thus more interesting, is the state where integration which at times almost sounds like legitimacy is "structural," relying on indirect linkages between citizen and state. It is almost as if the author found Singapore politics intellectually confining and decided to speculate on the nature of what Singapore was not. He has, despite an infrequent definitional murkiness, provided good grist for future research mills. Unfortunately, however, the book, which often displays polished and expressive language, is not itself structurally integrated, in the more common meaning of the term. In addition to the gap between the model and the case study, the case study itself suffers from an unnecessarily large number of cleavages, to use a term which the author quite rightly finds convenient. Professor Busch undertook an enormous sample survey of Singapore high school students. His questions were constructed both with sensitivity to cultural nuances and with close attention to a series of hypotheses about the 'causes" of legitimacy and/ or ethnic hostility. He pursued a number of interviews in depth in addition to running surveys. It was apparently his care for methodology which led him to separate sharply his discussion of hypotheses from that of findings, and of findings from depth interviews from those based on surveys. The result is a fragmentation that severely taxes the reader's powers of integration. Some of Professor Busch's findings suffer from a fairly common ailment: treating correlations as confirmation of causality. Though some such correlations may plausibly be proposed as causes, suggesting that out-group friendship causes a more favourable attitude towards other races is a little tautological. The author's empirical data are fascinating to the student of developing politics, and in large part reassuring to the Singapore government. Confirming data from elsewhere, Professor Busch finds that among both Malays and Chinese a high valuation on one's own cultural tradition is no obstacle to granting legitimacy to the state ethnic and political loyalties are not in conflict. More startling, and less reassuring, is the finding that nearly one-fifth of Malay stu169


The purpose of the research is theoretical and methodological substantiation and development of practical recommendations for determining the key parameters for evaluating the efficiency of agricultural enterprises in conditions of uncertainty. The study was conducted using a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes. The following methods were used to solve individual tasks: abstract-logical – to identify factors affecting the efficiency of agricultural enterprises; statistical-economic and calculation-constructive – for researching the state and efficiency of agricultural enterprises of Zhytomyr region; graphical and tabular methods – for visual representation of the obtained results, etc.
The article substantiates that profit is an effective indicator of the activity of any enterprise and the main source of its income. It is proven that the amount of profit depends on a number of external and internal factors, however, uncertainty is key with it. It is argued that agriculture is a unique branch of the national economy, where the uncertainty of the conditions of economic activity of enterprises is felt especially acutely. Not only that, but it is established that uncertainty is generated by a lack of information about the future state of affairs. An analysis of the efficiency of agricultural enterprises of the Zhytomyr region was carried out. It was determined that the further progress and efficiency of agricultural production will depend on the return and restoration of agricultural lands that were occupied and suffered as a result of the Russian occupation; revival and development of logistics relations with suppliers and buyers; renewal and modernization of the material and technical base of agricultural enterprises; formation of a reliable system of state support for farmers. Ways to improve the efficiency of agricultural producers in conditions of uncertainty are proposed.
Keywords: agricultural enterprise, agricultural producer, profitability, profit, efficiency, effectiveness, uncertainty, influence factor.


Two third-party medical providers sued Tropical International Corp. for recovery of $133,785 incurred while a Tropical employee was being treated for end-stage AIDS. After Tropical changed its health-care insurance plan from Humana to Physicians Corp. of America, [name removed] began treatment for her final illness. Humana refused to pay the claim asserting that coverage had lapsed. Physicians Corp. Of America also refused payment saying that the patient was not enrolled in the new plan. The case, originally filed in State court and then removed to Federal court, has been sent back to the State court for further proceedings.


the core of a solution to this problem that can be repeatedly applied in a multitude of ways, situ-ations, contexts, and domains. A sustainable business model pattern also describes the design principles, value-creating activities, and their arrangements that are required to provide a useful problem-solution combination.


A 21-year-old man presented to our emergency department suffering for right arm tightness and stiffness with mild pain following a high-pressure air working injury. On examination, the right hand palm showed a small gunshot wound (Figure 1), a swelling and crepitus was palpable from the tips of the fingers through to the whole upper limb extending up to the lateral right cervical region. No neurological impairments or fever were recorded. His vital signs were stable and laboratory tests were within a normal range (WBC 8.39 109/L mmc, CRP 0.10 mg/dL, fibrinogen 245 mg/dL). The wound was irrigated, cleaned and sterile dressing was applied. The right hand x-ray resulted negative for acute fracture.


It has been postulated that metallic glasses, in contrast to their crystalline counterparts, exhibit nano-scale structural heterogeneity which is crucial for understanding the long-standing issues of relaxations and deformation of glasses. We fabricate micrometer scale metallic glassy fibers (MGFs) with different diameters and structural configurations, and find that the thinner MGFs cooled down with faster cooling rates have smaller superconducting transition temperatures and wider transition widths. We show that the superconducting properties correlate with the heterogeneous microstructure of metallic glasses and can be used as a novel way to experimentally characterize the structural heterogeneity of metallic glasses.


This study aimed to determine the effect of ratio of liquid cow contents with tempeh wastewater and fermentation time on biogas production. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design  (CRD) with 7 point ratio variation cows rumen fluid contents with liquid wastewater tempe  (0:100, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, 25:75 and 100: ) and fermentation time consisted of 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 hours . Each treatment was repeated twice. From the results obtained it turns out the highest content of biogas at a ratio of biogas yield of 2894,35 mg/L. Which produces biogas fermentation time the highest yield for 84 hours. Positive test the presence of mhetane in the biogas shown with the blue flame in the flame test.


Abstract Surface heat balance of the Gangjeong-Goryung Reservoir is analyzed for 12-17 August 2013. Each flux elements at the water surface is derived from the special field observations with application of an aerodynamical bulk method for the turbulent heat fluxes and empirical formulae for the radiation heat fluxes. The rate of heat storage in the reservoir is estimated by using estimated by surface heating rate and the vertical water temperature data. The flux divergence of heat transport is estimated as a residual. The features of the surface heat balance are almost decided by the latent heat flux and the solar radiation flux. On average for 12-17 August 2014 in the Gangjeong- Goryung Reservoir, if one defines the insolation at the water surface as 100 %, 94 % is absorbed in the reservoir; thereafter the reservoir loses about 30~50% by sensible heat, latent heat and net long-wave radiation. The residue of 50~80 % raises the water temperature in the reservoir or transported away by the river flow during the daytime.


A rod-coil block copolymer consisting of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) (P3HT-b-PVK) in a single molecular architecture is prepared as the first example for WOLEDs. By obtaining the phase separated domains in thin film of the resulting block copolymer, it is possible to suppress energy transfer from PVK as wide bandgap units to P3HT as low bandgap blocks, yielding dual emissions for white electroluminescence with CIE coordination of (0.34, 0.33).


This contribution deals about possibility of manufacturing using rapid prototyping and prototype silicone forms. Rapid prototyping process allows to manufacture prototype parts from various materials, what allows to create prototype forms for prototype molds from thermoplastic and thermoset material. Aim of this research was to obtain new knowledge of preparing prototype parts using rapid prototyping and prototype silicone molds. The parts – bushings of lower control arm and rear camber arm of trailing arm suspension were designed due the dimensions of arms and simulated to maximum calculated stress. After positive result, bushing prototypes were manufactured on Rapid Prototyping machine and stainless steel inserts and wraps on CNC lathe. Prototype form was manufactured from 2-part silicone using prototype inserts. Whole bushings were than tested on race track on track-day vehicle EK9, group Street Modified.


The best surgical technique for rectal cancer invading the prostate remains controversial. Rectal resection with en bloc prostatectomy using a standard retropubic approach is an option but has disadvantages. We report a new surgical procedure applying Retzius‐sparing robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.


Large quantities of data is collected and analyzed for a comprehensive survey of the science and technology innovation capability of the universities in 12 provinces in West China.In terms of the scientific basis,scientific input and output,the article investigates the science and technology innovation capability of these universities,points out the existing problems and finally puts forward suggestions on further enhance their innovation capability.


Music perception requires greater spectral resolution than speech perception [Shannon, Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 70, 121 (2005)]. However, conclusions from these metadata are problematic given that they aggregate results from several different studies using diverse methodologies and paradigms. In particular, methodologies generally tapped into different perceptual dimensions, namely word recognition for speech and melody recognition for music. The present study aims to develop a paradigm to compare speech and music recognition based on similar perceptual dimensions, namely timbre. Stimuli consisted of naturally-spoken vowels and notes played on musical instruments as well as 32-, 8-, and 4- channel noise-vocoded versions. Listeners discriminated either instruments from vowels or vowels from instruments using a go/no-go task. The discrimination paradigm offered insight as to how available spectral information influenced perception between stimulus sound categories. Reaction times and accuracy were measured and organized as a function of signal degradation level to consider potential differences in how normal hearing listeners utilize spectral fine structure information when distinguishing vowels and musical instruments. In general, listeners' ability to discriminate vowels from instruments under degraded conditions was similar to their ability to discriminate instruments from vowels. The results suggest that the perception of vowels and musical instruments rely on similar mechanisms.Music perception requires greater spectral resolution than speech perception [Shannon, Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 70, 121 (2005)]. However, conclusions from these metadata are problematic given that they aggregate results from several different studies using diverse methodologies and paradigms. In particular, methodologies generally tapped into different perceptual dimensions, namely word recognition for speech and melody recognition for music. The present study aims to develop a paradigm to compare speech and music recognition based on similar perceptual dimensions, namely timbre. Stimuli consisted of naturally-spoken vowels and notes played on musical instruments as well as 32-, 8-, and 4- channel noise-vocoded versions. Listeners discriminated either instruments from vowels or vowels from instruments using a go/no-go task. The discrimination paradigm offered insight as to how available spectral information influenced perception between stimulus sound categories. Reaction times and accuracy were measured and ...


To detect the dc faults for the modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based dc grids using overhead line transmission, many protection methods in phase-domain have been proposed. These existing protection methods suffer from incomplete function, weak theoretical basis, and sensitivity to fault resistance and noise disturbance. To overcome these shortcomings, this article proposes an improved dc fault protection algorithm using the modal-domain approach for the MMC-based overhead dc grids, which decouples the interaction between positive and negative poles and mitigates the strong frequency dependence of the characteristic impedance in phase-domain. The dc fault equivalent circuits are established in modal-domain and the fault characteristics during the initial stage are analyzed. Based on the modal-domain analysis, the line-mode reactor voltage which combines the fault characteristics of negative and positive reactor voltages is used to identify the internal faults. The zero-mode reactor voltage which enlarges the differences between faulty and healthy poles is used to select the faulted pole. This method is robust to fault resistance and noise with high detection speed. In addition, it is not affected by power reversal, ac faults, and dc circuit breaker (DCCB) operation, which are validated and evaluated by the simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC.


Fujian province infant sexual rate appeared maladjustment in the end of 80 years. From then on, this status continued and the first reason is choosing abortion. Abortion impacted population sexual rate and influenced future population reproduction, so we can not ignore it.


Saving Grandmother's FaceA Grammar of Christian Faith: The person of Jesus Christ ; The work of Jesus Christ ; The doctrine of the Holy Spirit ; The Christian life ; The doctrine of the church ; Proclamation, sacraments, and prayer ; Christian hope and eschatologyBuddhist and Christian?An Exploration of Christian TheologyWhat Christians Believe about the BibleEarly Christianity in ContextsChristianity in EvolutionExploring Christian Theology : Volume 3What Is My Calling?Intercultural TheologyGenesis and Christian TheologyIntroducing Evangelical EcotheologyChanging the QuestionsSafeguarding the StrangerAnother WayAll Shall be WellCafé Theology Exploring Love, the Universe and EverythingLife TogetherChristian TheologyAn Exploration of Christian TheologyInnovation TheologyHeart of the Christian Gospel ; Conservation and Exploration in Christian TheologyExploring Christian SongA Grammar of Christian FaithExploring Catholic TheologyExclusion & EmbracePromise and PresenceChristian OriginsExplorations in Christian Theology and EthicsTheology and HorrorTheologies of RetrievalConservation and Exploration in Christian TheologyCreation Out of NothingPilgrim TheologyWays of ImperfectionThe Christian at PlayThe Multiverse and Participatory MetaphysicsThe Soul of Theological AnthropologyExploring Christian Theology : Volume 2Christ the Tragedy of God


To identify novel risk factors and corroborate previously identified risk factors for mean annual decline in FEV1% predicted in a large, contemporary, United States cohort of young cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.


A series of MnOx/AC sorbents were prepared by a sub- or supercritical water impregnation method at different temperatures using three types of active carbons (ACs) as supports. The desulfurization activities of the MnOx/AC sorbents were studied, and the physicochemical properties of fresh and used sorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption near edge structure. The results indicate that the AC composition and preparing temperature affect the desulfurization activity of prepared sorbent by changing the form and dispersion of the active component. MnOx/AC sorbent prepared at 350 °C and active carbon AC(Z) from walnut shell as support presents the best desulfurization activity, holding above 22 h under the desulfurization level of nearly entire removing H2S in hot coal-based gas with breakthrough sulfur capacity of 7.24 g of S/100 g of sorbent. It is found that the valence of Mn loaded on the different AC supp...


The individual behavior of human beings is susceptible to influences from their peers. It is known that contact between individuals, both direct and indirect, can foster or inhibit a considerable range of human characteristics and behaviors. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the social context of undergraduate students on their academic performance, understanding "social context"as the average performance of classmates socially close to each student. Our methodology involves reconstructing the underlying social network of a class computationally, using data gathered from a questionnaire applied to the students of the class, and testing the hypothesis that the change in the grade of a student can be accurately modeled as a linear function of the differences between the student's grade and the mean of their peers' grades. The results show that defining a student's social circle as the community they belong to instead of their set of neighbors allows for the construction of statistical models with significatively higher predictive potential.


Interstitial oxygen dopants (Oi) in sulfide nanocrystals is more conducive to charge carrier separation for improving the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) performance than the substituted oxygen dopants (OS). However, oxygen...


The LB11820Mis a pre-driver IC,which is appropriate for3-phase power brushless motors,produced by SANYO Electric Co.,Ltd.It contains all effective functions needed by3-phase power burshell motor control,inclcuding comparatively consummate protective circuits.The functions and working principle are described with typical applied circuits in the article.


The present invention relates to a control system for automatic calibration of a blinds system installed in a room. The control system comprises: a controller (1, 8, 9) having a memory, a clock and a processor, an occupancy sensor (2, 7), an interior light sensor (3, 7) and an exterior light sensor (4). The control system is characterized in that the control system is arranged to run an automated calibration of the blinds system when the exterior light sensor indicates an outside light level above a predetermined threshold, the occupancy sensor indicates that no person is present in the room, and a predetermined time has passed since the last calibration. The invention further relates to a method for automatic calibration of a blinds system installed in a room by using a control system. The control system comprises a controller (1, 8, 9) having a memory, a clock and a processor, an occupancy sensor (2, 7), an interior light sensor (3, 7) and an exterior light sensor (4). The method comprises the step of: running an automated calibration of the blinds system when the exterior light sensor (4) indicates an outside light level above a predetermined threshold, the occupancy sensor (2, 7) indicates that no person is present in the room, and a predetermined time has passed since the last calibration.


This study presents a conceptual framework for the growth process as a manager based on data gathered from the sales experiences and careers of fashion brand managers. The study participants were seven managers with over 15 years of sales experience in a women''s clothing brand in Gwangju. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from January 2018 to September 2018 and analyzed using open coding, axis coding, and selective coding according to Strauss and Corbin''s grounded theory method. The study results are as follows. First, this study found six categories and 17 sub-categories based on the shop manager''s sales experiences and careers. Second, we found the central job category as well as categories with causality, interaction, moderating and outcome relationships. Third, we developed a paradigm model that links the main phenomena, causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, action/interaction strategies, and consequence categories. Fourth, the process of growing as a fashion brand manager was described by an integrated story.


In endeavouring to deal with a longstanding problem of contamination of waterways in Washington, D.C. due to combined sewer overflows, the responsible utility, DC Water, has recently embarked on a two-fold, simultaneous 'greening' – firstly of the physical infrastructures being installed to address the overflow problem, and secondly of the financing of this capital investment. This article examines DC Water's turn to green infrastructure and green bonds in order to consider the question of how environmental and financial processes in general – and environmental and financial risks in particular – co-determine not just one another but the transformation of contemporary urban socioecological landscapes more broadly. In the process, it aims to inject a greater sensibility both to finance and to 'green capitalism' into urban political ecology. Through a critical consideration of the interlocking temporal, spatial and monetary dimensions of DC Water's two-fold greening project, the article shows that this project has served significantly to augment levels of environmental and financial risk, entangling them in significant new ways.


Please, Sir, to inform the Royal Society, that I discovered a new comet, the 10th of Jan. instant, 1771, about eight o'clock in the evening; it was between the head of Hydra and the Little Dog, over the parallel of Procyon.


This article aims to address the pedagogical aspects of international assessments that include the Science field, focusing especially on the last edition of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Third Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (TERCE). The procedural and conceptual foundations of these studies and some results concerning the performance of Brazilian students are presented and discussed here. Therefore, the limits and the possibilities of using these data for the formulation of educational policies that impact the teaching of sciences, such as the Common National Curricular Base (BNCC) and the assessments provided for in the National Education Plan (PNE) are discussed.


Optical heterodyne carriers have been generated by mixing the stimulated Brillouin scattered light generated from optical fiber ring resonators. The first technique mixes the SBS generated from two separate resonators to produce a carrier in the 200 - 400 MHz region. For this system a temperature coefficient of the carrier frequency of approximately 5 MHzK-1 was obtained. The second technique mixes the two SBS signals produced from the orthogonal polarization eigenmodes of a ring resonator constructed from high birefringence fiber. A carrier frequency of 11.68 MHz was obtained with a temperature coefficient of 6.7 kHz K-1.


This paper presents the spectral energy value system as a conceptualization of the nature of intramolecular energy structure. Using data from emission spectroscopy, the author has constructed structural representations of molecular "electromagnetic" energies. These spectral energy structures are corroborated by data from several independent branches of physical chemistry. Nonzero values for average emission line energies of diatomic molecules of elements in their standard states are proposed. Then it is shown that a total molecular energy calculated from thermodynamic data can be accounted for simply as an arithmetic summation of emission line energies of constituent atoms. Allocation of spectral energy and nuclidal mass to chemical bonds is shown to conform to a simple equivalence relation. Spectral energy structures for over 100 simple molecules have been constructed. The spectral energy structure of methane is discussed in detail. The concept of spectral energy density is introduced, and its general implications for physical chemistry are indicated. A particular example of the utility of this concept is a possible solution to the metabolic riddle of amino acid essentiality.


The development of Adaptive Hypermedia Systems, in general, necessarily considers determining which models they should be define and what aspects are consider in each one of them. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the methods and techniques of adaptation that will allow the adjustments to the specific characteristics of the users. In the specific case of the systems dedicated to facilitate learning activities, they should be consider another type of elements, like they are the involved learning types, the application kind that is wanted to develop and the characteristics of the students to take into account; all this with the purpose of designing an effective adaptation in according of several instructional strategies, in line with the prospective learning and the particularities of the students. The description of some examples of systems developed with educational ends and general pedagogic models that have been elaborated for this type of systems are also analyzed. Finally, some conclusions and projections settle down for future research works in the area of Adaptive Hypermedia Educational Systems. ii DPTOIA-IT-2003-003


Mitigating and reversing negative ecohydrologic impacts of woody plant encroachment is of global concern. Current knowledge on the ramifications of woody plant encroachment and landscape responses to management is largely based on short-term or point-in-time field studies. The limited longevity of these studies is often dictated by the short-term nature of funding sources and associated infrastructure. Short-term studies advance process-based ecohydrologic knowledge of natural systems and yield valuable insight on treatment effects for various practices to mitigate woody plant encroachment. However, scientists, public and private land owners, and policy makers require knowledge of long-term effectiveness of treatment practices and associated conceptual and quantitative tools to successfully target land management expenditures and actions. This presentation highlights science-based knowledge and ecohydrologic model advancements in management of woody plant encroachment over a nearly 15 yr study period associated with ecohydrologic research at multiple sites in the sagebrush biome within the Great Basin Region of the western United States (the SageSTEP study, www.sagestep.org). The sagebrush biome is considered one of the most ecologically important and imperiled rangeland domains in the United States. A primary driver of degradation to the sagebrush biome is encroachment by pinyon and juniper conifers. These encroaching trees can outcompete sagebrush vegetation for soil and water resources and ultimately propagate and perpetuate pinyon and juniper woodland conditions with extensive bare ground and amplified runoff and soil loss. This study evaluated the ecohydrologic impacts of pinyon and juniper encroachment on sagebrush steppe and the long-term effectiveness of various tree-removal practices to restore sagebrush steppe vegetation and associated ecohydrologic function. Experiments in the study include assessment of vegetation, ground cover, soils, and infiltration, runoff, and erosion processes spanning point to hillslope spatial scales prior to tree removal treatments and at time periods 1 yr, 2 yr, 9 yr, and 13 yr after tree removal. Research products include: 1) advances in conceptual and quantitative understanding of linkages in vegetation and hydrology and erosion processes for the sagebrush steppe ecosystem, 2) enhancements to various conceptual ecological models and the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM) tool, 3) advanced understanding of the effectiveness of various tree-removal practices across diverse conditions in the sagebrush biome, and 4) delivery of an extensive publicly-available dataset for developing, enhancing, and/or evaluating other conceptual and quantitative ecohydrologic and erosion models. Lastly, the collective advances in science-based knowledge and modeling tools from the study demonstrate the utility and value of funding and conducting long-term ecohydrological research, particularly for ecologically important biomes around the world.


In this paper we present a simple method to fabricate ordered
antireflection structures on a fused silica using reactive ion
etching and monolayer colloidal microspheres lithography We sho w that the period of the obtained silica pillar like arrays
were determined by the initial nanoparticle size. And t he height of pillar arrays can be adjusted by controlling the etching time ,
which are proved to be of importance in tailoring the antireflect ion properties of antireflection structures surface. For the
single side antireflection structures on the fused silica, the reflectance w as significantly reduced below 3.5 % ov er a wide
wavelength range of 300 120 0 nm, while the transmission …


the GTA in 2000 was 1.9 per cent. In terms of weeks played, the top five Canadian films in the GTA in 2000 were Allan Moyle's New Waterford Girl (18), Istvan Szabo's Sunshine (16), Robert Vince's MVP: Most Valuable Primate (16), Christian Duguay's The Art of War (12) and Stewart Raffill's Grizzly Falls (7). Honourable mention goes to Atom Egoyan's Felicia's Journey (which was a 1999 release, but still played seven weeks in 2000), Gary Burns's waydowntown (6), Ron Mann's Grass (4), Denys Arcand's Stardom (4), Jeremy Podeswa's The Five Senses (3), Louis Belanger's Post Mortem (3), Reginald Harkema's A Girl Is a Girl (3) and Denis Villeneuve's Maelstrom (3). Two thousand was not a vintage year but healthy in terms of the growth of a commercial Canadian cinema. Three of the top five were genre films. Take One's choice for best Canadian feature of 2000 is, without a doubt, New Waterford Girl, and all those Academy jury members who didn't nominate Tricia Fish for one of the most original and insightful coming—of—age screenplays ever written in Canada should be taken out to the back shed and given forty whacks.


We are pleased to present to the readers of the Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft a Special Issue in honor of Rosemarie Tracy. We hereby recognize Rosemarie Tracy's important contributions to linguistic research as well as her talent for making linguistic insights and their significance available to an audience that extends beyond academia. Rosemarie Tracy has served the field of linguistics in several professional roles, i.a. between 2003 and 2006 as head of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sprachwissenschaft (DGfS, German Linguistic Society). Accordingly there can be no better place than a special issue of the ZS and a selection of contributions from the field to reflect on Rosemarie Tracy's academic career landmarks and her varied linguistic achievements. Rosemarie Tracy studied English, French, and Psychology in Mannheim, Göttingen, and at Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania. In 1991 she obtained her PhD in Göttingen with a dissertation on first language acquisition for which she collected and analyzed a rich corpus of longitudinal spontaneous speech data. Trees and their parts have figured prominently in Rosemarie Tracy's academic life. Having been nurtured by her PhD supervisor Thomas Gardner (Göttingen) – much like his lemon trees, as she writes in the introduction to her book 1991 – she developed a strong interest in the question of how children deal with the task of integrating diverse and often contradictory types of input. Rather than trying to identify "ideal" clear-cut stages, her main focus has been on "times of 'turbulence' and conflict during which children are led to restructure their systems", as stated in a paper that she presented at the Child Language Seminar in 1987.


Pakistan Studies is the integrated, coordinated and systematic area of study that draws upon various social science disciplines such as history, geography, economics, political science and sociology in relation to Pakistan. It is one of the compulsory courses at the secondary school and higher secondary school levels of education. The social science departments of many universities offer it as a degree course and are dedicated to the education and research in Pakistan Studies. In addition, a number of research institutes, national organizations and international organizations are engaged in collaborative teaching, research and exchange activities in this field. Despite being a compulsory subject, it remained unsuccessful in gainibg due improtance by the educational planners, leaders, teachers and students. This book strives to add to the existing literature of Pakistan Studies in highlighting not only the grass-root level challenges, problems and paradoxes attached with the inadequate, less prioritized and substandard quality of writing and teaching-learning, it also provides solution to those problems with ways for future improvements.


The existing engineering disciplinary structure, while still appropriate for many problems, is increasingly inadequate at the level of the integrated human/natural/built systems that characterize the anthropocene. Accordingly, new approaches such as earth systems engineering and management are called for. Such approaches require augmentation of existing engineering education curricula and materials.


Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in the roots an d spore numbers in the rhizosphere of thirty five different grasses from A namalai Hills, Tamilnadu, India were investigated. Percentage of fungal infection i n the roots was analyzed by a staining method of Phillip and Hayman. Quantity of mycorrhizal spores was determined by employing wet-sieving and decanting technique.The results indicated that all the grasses examined during the study, exh ibited the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal association. The percentage of root col onization by AM fungi varied from 14% to 68%. Perotis indica had maximum percentage of colonization (68%). The presence of greater number of spore in soil was always associated with the incidence of abundant mycelia. Number of mycorrhizal fungus spores ranged between 172 to 475 per 100g air dried soil. A total of 26 a rbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores were isolated from the grasses represented by four genera, namely 6 species of Acaulospora , 4 species of Gigaspora, 14 species of Glomus and 2 species of Scutellospora. The frequency of mycorrhizal fungus infection showed positive correlation with soil pH, moisture, water holding c apacity, texture, total nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and magnesium. Especially phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil greatly influenced the plant root infec tion by AM fungi.


This thesis aims to discuss the influence of African wood sculpture on British art from 1910 to 1930. It proposes that the works, tastes and pronouncements of various 20th century British artists betray this influence and that although the British artists did not initially understand the conceptual foundations of African sculpture their limited knowledge was just sufficient for the modernization of British art through the adaptation of the formal qualities of African art. In assessing the validity of these propositions the thesis examines the factors and issues that facilitated the influence. Chapter 1 discusses the formal qualities of African wood sculpture that attracted the British artists. It outlines the unusual figural proportions, the free and direct use of planar, linear and solid geometry, the treatment of material and its surfaces. The conceptual foundations of African sculpture are generally outlined in Chapter 2. The extent to which the British artists understood these foundations is also discussed. Chapter 3 concerns the introduction of African sculpture to Britain and discusses the development of the anthropological and subsequent aesthetic interest that it aroused. Both the Post-Impressionist Exhibitions and the Omega Workshops which facilitated its influence are examined. Chapter 4 examines the concept and attempts to categorize the nature of this influence. The last three chapters act as case studies in which the impact of African sculpture on Epstein, Gaudier-Brzeska and Henry Moore is examined. The conclusion discusses the term 'Primitive' and the British artists and the 'Primitive' • . .


We experimentally observe in-phase and anti-phase synchronization of chaos in two mutually-coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. We investigate leader-laggard relationship between two chaotic waveforms and find that the laser with longer wavelength becomes the leader.


A collection of papers read at the International Conference held in New York in April 2011 under the sponsorship of the Institute for Holocaust Studies of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute. The studies deal with the domestic and international ramifications of the Holocaust in Hungary, with several of them focusing on the successes and failures of the rescue decisions made under the impact the so-called Auschwitz Reports.


The quality of winter wheat means different things; growers generally look at the yield, while millers look at the other quality indicators. And quali


A one-day-old full-term otherwise normal female baby weighing 3000g presented with a mass on her left hemithorax. Antenatal history was unremarkable. Her vitals were all within normal range. On examination, the baby had a large mass measuring 12x15 cm and extended from the sternum to the anterior axillary line (Fig. 1A). The skin overlying the mass had few areas of hyperpigmentation. On palpation, the mass was soft, fluctuant, non-tender, immobile, and non-pulsatile.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the distribution of ornidazole in the salivary and serum of healthy adults and explore the feasibility of monitoring serum drug concentration with salivary.

METHODS
Six volunteers received a single dose of 0.6 g ornidazole via intravenous infusion. The concentrations of ornidazole in the saliva and serum were assayed by high-performance liquid chomatography, and the correlation of the drug concentrations in saliva to that in serum was analyzed.

RESULTS
The concentration of ornidazole in the saliva was strongly associated with that in the serum (r = 0.825-0.969), and the ratio of saliva-to-serum concentration (S/P) of ornidazole was 0.99 ± 0.13.

CONCLUSION
Detection of saliva ornidazole concentration is feasible for monitoring the therapeutic concentration of ornidazole.


Objective: To fuse Mycobacterium tuberculosis protective antigen gene with mice ubiquitin gene, constructing antigen ubiquitin system. Methods: Mice ubiquitin cDNA was amplified by RT PCR from mice testicle,and 4 antigen genes were obtained by PCR from cultured Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Ubiquitin and 4 antigen genes were linked by flexible adaptor respectively and the fusing genes were cloned into pVAX vector.The recombinant plasmids were digested with endonuclease and sequenced.Then the recombinant plasmids were transfected into COS7 cells and the expression was assayed by ELISA. Results:Ubiquitin and 4 antigen genes were 0.2,0.3,0.7,1.0,1.65 kb in length by agarose electrophoresis. Endonuclease digestion of the recombinant plasmids indicated that the fusion genes were correctly inserted into pVAX vector. Sequencing results of fusion nucleic acid vaccines were identical to those in GenBank.The recombinant plasmids expressed in COS7 cells. Conclusion: Four Chinese Mycobacterium tuberculosis protective antigens ubiquitin systems are successfully constructed and can be expressed in eukaryotic cells. This may provide a basis for diagnosis and therapy of tuberculosis.


"...I did develop...a kind of root down in Atlanta," confided Hale Woodruff during an oral history interview, "You may have heard of it. It was called the 'Outhouse School' and, frankly, it was given such a name as this by one of the press writers because we used to paint landscapes in and around Atlanta in our art classes and the hillsides were just dotted with outdoor toilets" (1). The understated and self-effacing Woodruff was referring to the Atlanta School, an alliance he developed among black artists in the 1940s, which flourished into national activities, among them an annual art exhibit. At the inaugural, philosopher Alain Locke, spokesman of the Negro Movement, known in the 1920s and 1930s as Harlem Renaissance, praised the exhibit for encouraging "a healthy and representational art of the people with its roots in its own soil" (2). Painter, muralist, printmaker, experimenter, educator, organizer Woodruff became art director at Atlanta University, where he founded the art department and permanent collection and later painted the Art of the Negro murals. Born in Cairo, Illinois, the only child of a widowed mother, who was "very, very skillful with the pencil and the pen," he grew up in Nashville, Tennessee, and showed early talent as high school newspaper cartoonist and later, during his studies at the John Herron Art Institute in Indianapolis, as weekly political cartoonist for the Indianapolis Ledger (1). Later, Woodruff studied at Harvard University and the Art Institute of Chicago (3). He arrived in Atlanta "to paint the red clay of Georgia" by way of Paris, France, where he lived on a shoestring for 4 years, attending the Academie Moderne and Academie Scandinave at the time Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, Josephine Baker, Henry O. Tanner, Palmer Hayden, and other American expatriates made Paris their home. Exposure to cubism in Paris guided his transition from realistic scenes of everyday life in the rural South to bold abstraction and invention. During a summer in Mexico, he studied with Diego Rivera, "I wanted to paint great significant murals in fresco and I went down there to...learn his technique" (1). Rivera's murals, which mingled culture, history, and folklore with sociopolitical and communal elements, were cre-


Royal Little, in his heyday at Textron, used to tell people that managing inventory is "working where the money is." This statement emphasizes the truth that inventory ties up much of the capital and is the origin of many of the costs of any manufacturing business. The cash needs of the company are highly dependent on how well inventory is managed.


At present, the educational policy is "service is the purpose, employment is the orientation". Therefore, the reform of basic computer courses in private colleges and universities should start from the vocational requirements and the cultivation of practical ability. The purpose is to promote the use of knowledge and take the real cases in the workplace as practical projects. Based on the specialty, the curriculum content should be readjusted and combined to break through the traditional teaching methods, so as to cultivate students' professional ability. Based on this, this paper discusses the teaching strategy of Computer Culture Foundation under the guidance of vocational post demand.


Background Some gastric cancers are Epstein-Barr virus associated. Aim To assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and viral co-infection in benign upper digestive diseases. Methods One hundred and four outpatients were included in a prospective endoscopic–serologic study. Epstein–Barr virus immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M and viral capsid antigen titres were assayed with an ELISA test. Helicobacter pylori was determined by the modified Giemsa stain and by IgG-chemiluminescence. Results The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 56.7%. Duodenal ulcer patients were infected in 72.5 % of the cases, with the prevalence being 33.3% in functional dyspepsia (p = 0.0008) and 25.8% in reflux patients (p = 0.0001). Epstein–Barr virus IgG was detected in 70.1% of the whole group, 75% of duodenal ulcer patients, 51.2% of functional dyspepsia patients (p = 0.04) and 51.6% of the reflux disease cases (p = 0.04). Co-infection with both agents was detected in 60% of duodenal ulcer patients, 18.1% of functional dyspepsia (p = 0.00014) and 12.9% of reflux disease patients (p = 0.00012). Anti-viral IgG titre displayed a 31.7 ± 3.0 cut-off index in duodenal ulcer, 20.5 ± 3.5 in functional dyspepsia (p = 0.01) and 21.4 ± 3.6 in reflux cases (p = 0.03). Conclusions Both Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr virus, and co-infection with these agents, were significantly more prevalent in duodenal ulcer patients than in dyspeptic/reflux patients.


As a result of the health policy established by Lalonde (1974), Canadian health care workers in general, and nurses in particular, have involved themselves in intervention programmes and research aimed at the modification of lifestyles. One category of health behaviour clearly linked to both long and short term health status is diet (Caliendo, 1981; Valadian, Berkey, & Reed, 1981). The study described here was designed to explore this category of health behaviours, specifically the nutritional behaviour of teenagers.
Rationale for and Purposes of the Study
It is important to describe and identify dietary patterns, and to assess the incidence and type of nutritional problems. Several researchers have done this with the adolescent population. These studies include descriptions of meal patterns (Hinton, Eppright, Chadderdon, & Wolins, 1963; Huenemann, Shapiro, Hampton, & Mitchell, 1966), biochemical deficiencies (Faigle, 1973; Nutrition Canada, 1973 & 1975), and changing nutritional needs as a result of growth (Marino & King, 1980; Stare & McWilliams, 1973). In order to understand why some teenagers choose healthy diets and others do not, some researchers have examined the relationship between attitudes toward foods and food practices, as well as knowledge of nutrition and food practices Kaufman, Poznanski, & Guggenheim, 1975; Thompson & Schwartz, 1977).


This paper presents a comparative study of predicate nominals in eventive copular sentences. I am concerned with languages that grammaticalize the contrast between eventive and non-eventive copular sentences, and I discuss here three cases: the optionality of the indefinite article in French and German, the two verbs "to be" in Irish, and case marking in Russian.


This paper explores the use of don't cares in software synthesis for embedded systems. Embedded systems have extremely tight real-time and code/data size constraints, that make expensive optimizations desirable. We propose applying BDD minimization techniques in the presence of a don't care set to synthesize code for extended Finite State Machines from a BDD-based representation of the FSM transition function. The don't care set can be derived from local analysis (such as unused state codes or don't care inputs) as well as from external information (such as impossible input patterns). We show experimental results discuss their implications, the interaction between BDD-based minimization and dynamic variable reordering, and propose directions for future work.


The curricular conceptions of the teachers are related to the decisions that they make about what / how to teach / evaluate, being the evaluation a didactic aspect of great influence on students and teachers that allows to evidence the curricular aspects to which the teacher attaches greater importance. For this reason, we proposed to investigate with 10 teachers in Primary Education and 29 small groups of teachers in Primary Education, the key ideas that include the evaluation questions that they propose about human nutrition for 5th / 6th grade Primary. In order to collect data, the teachers in practice were asked to facilitate the evaluation questions they pose in the exams, while the new ones used the activities they carry out during their formative period. In order to analyze the proposed issues, four dimensions were defined (concept / purpose of nutrition, systems that intervene, food and health, nutrition / food and environment) and within each of them different key ideas were identified. The results show that there are differences between in-service teachers and in-service teachers, with professionals being more classic than novices, since it is an innovation that teachers in training attend to the environmental dimension of nutrition. This is a wake-up call for the training systems that are being used, including lifelong learning.


The lack of proper waste management is the biggest problem in Croatian environmental sector ; therefore specific improvements of existing regulations are needed. The seafood processing industry is one of the most important industrial sectors in Croatia, with the increasing number of plants and the amount of both solid waste and wastewaters over the years. Without the proper legislation, this industry is facing the lack of organized disposal sites for solid waste and adverse regulations without specified emission limits and recipients for wastewaters. Dry salting, freezing, canning and marination are main processes in Croatian seafood industry. Processing plants are situated on islands, in coastal and hinterland regions including sensitive water protected areas, with different ways of solid waste disposal and wastewater discharges. During fish processing heavy loads of waste mixtures including fish heads, guts, scales, blood, fats and oils are produced. Waste quality is highly dependent upon the type of fish being processed. Most of the water consumed during fish processing ultimately becomes effluent containing high concentration of chlorides and organic loads. Without alternative solutions most of the generated wastes are discharged into coastal waters and present a potential hazard to the receiving environment. In order to determine the magnitude of waste from processing plants and the impact on the environment, the improvement of monitoring programs and existing regulations on waste management is obligatory. Results of our research from fish processing plants showed high concentrations of chlorides in wastewaters which affected the concentrations and determination methods for biological and chemical oxygen demand ; therefore the verification of the accuracy of the measurement systems was questionable. The discharge effluent limits are based on the characteristics of receiving body and the effluent conditions. The existing wastewater treatment systems are not designed to reduce high chloride concentrations, thus discharge of these wastewaters in collecting systems and urban wastewater treatment plants is not possible. Reliable estimate on waste loadings is needed in order to implement waste management and cleaner production systems. The focus should be on microzonation and plant-specific studies regarding specific emission limits and possible solutions. For these reasons long-term sustainable solutions, primarily based on clean production principles, recycling and reuse of wastes, are necessary. The improvements in processing technologies, cleaning procedures and waste treatment systems are needed in order to reduce chlorides and other pollutants and enable reuse of water in fish processing plants, reducing in this way consumption of water and economical expenses. An important waste reduction strategy is the usage of undervalued fish parts and by-products for remarketing and additional use in other industries.


Recently reinforcement learning has been showing remarkable performance in playing games. However, the majority of conventional approaches merely solve games with a single task. It is not yet well studied whether reinforcement learning is effective in games like Minecraft, where players are required to finish multiple different tasks while cooperating with other collaborators. In such games, AIs are confronted with dual challenges – finishing multiple tasks and building a multi-agent system. We propose a hierarchical approach with reinforcement learning policies to address the challenges. Experiments show that our approach performs well when dealing with multiple tasks and multiple agents simultaneously. Our approach got the second runner-up in MARLO Challenge, demonstrating its potential in tackling the challenges.


Police departments today are more attractive places than they used to be for experiments in participatory management and other forms of workforce empowerment, but experiments of this kind in law enforcement remain disappointingly rare. The articles in this special issue, drawn from an international, cross-disciplinary conference on 'police reform from the bottom up,' highlight the potential benefits of giving rank-and-file officers a larger collective voice in the shaping of their work, as well as some of the difficulties of doing so, and the conditions under which it is most likely to succeed.


The beam current monitor (BCM) system for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) to be installed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) requires an on-line calibrator to assure the system is appropriately scaling current. The calibration system must be able to handle the current range expected in the MEBT, Linac, HEBT, Ring and RTBT. This covers a dynamic range of 35ma to 50 amps. A 10-turn calibration winding has been included in all current transformers. This calibrator must provide adequate flexibility to assure the current transformers are not damaged by failures in the calibrator drive amplifier, and provide better than 1% accuracy with a capability to provide calibrated currents covering the dynamic range. This paper will address the design considerations and resulting design of a suitable calibrator for this system.


Severe competition in US steel industry urges quality improvements in hot rolling processes. Surface defects have been a long-standing troubling issue in hot rolling processes due to the ineffectiveness of existing detection methods. This paper presents an advanced statistical analysis method to identify the impacting factors in surface defects of hot rolling processes. The surface defects on the steel is measured by a new sensing system, the "HotEye" imaging system. The process variables considered in this paper include the heat number, strand number, and billet-location. Due to the structural characteristic of the data, multilevel analysis is presented to help identify the relationships between the process variables and the number of surface defects. A detailed case study is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this method. The result obtained can provide guidelines for root cause identification and quality improvement of hot rolling processes.


LaRosa and Moore (1993) recently proposed that the bulk dissipation of magnetic field that is required for the electron energization in the explosive phase of solar flares occurs in a 'fat current sheet', a wall of cascading magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence sustained by highly disordered driven reconnection of opposing magnetic fields impacting at a turbulent boundary layer. Here, we use the well-observed great two-ribbon eruptive flare of 1984 April 24/25 to assess the feasibility of both (1) the standard model for the overall three-dimensional form and action of the magnetic field and (2) the turbulent reconnection wall within it. We find (1) that the morphology of this flare closely matched that of the standard model; (2) the preflare sheared core field had enough nonpotential magnetic energy to power the flare; (3) the model turbulent wall required to achieve the flare's peak dissipative power easily fit within the overall span of the flaring magnetic field; (4) this wall was thick enough to have turbulent eddies large enough (diameters approximately 10(exp 8 cm) to produce the approximately ergs energy release fragments typically observed in the explosive phase of flares; (5) the aspect ratio (thickness/vertical extent) of the turbulent reconnection wall was in the 0.1-1 range expected by (Parker 1973). We therefore conclude that the viability of our version of the standard model (i.e., having the magnetic field dissipation occur in our turbulent reconnection wall) is well confirmed by this typical great two-ribbon eruptive flare.


The filtering of ground targets,which can improve the track of targets in quality effectively,is an important part of track optimization of an airborne early warning-radar.Considering the problem,a method of ground and air target recognition based on road information is studied.First,a fast arithmetic which matches target filtering plots to a section of a road is given,which can choose the roads used to recognize ground and air targets.Then,the corresponding recognition rules based on the similarity of track and road are designed when a target moves along a straight road or a flexural road.Finally,a simulation is implemented to validate the recognition rule above.The simulation results show that when the rule is adopted,the recognition probabilities of ground targets and air targets whose tracks are not very similar to roads are high.


Objective: To investigate the risk factors, clinical characteristics and MRI features associated with cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD). Methods: Patients diagnosed and hospitalized with CSVD between March 2013 and August 2015 were collected. After screening, 100 males and 56 females were selected. Their ages ranged from 62 to 91 years and the mean was 72.7 ± 8.1 years. Medical histories were gathered. The relationships between risk factors, clinical signs and symptoms, CSVD-associated lesions and the pathological severity were analyzed via logistic regression. Results: Hypertension and high alcohol consumption were independent risk factors for white matter lesions, while hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and age were independent risk factors for lacunar infarcts (LIs). Palsy was mainly associated with LI number in the brain stem and cerebellum, while periventricular white matter hyperintensity (PVH) and deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH) were significantly correlated with cognitive dysfunction. Gait disorders were weakly correlated with PVH and LI number in the basal ganglia, and urinary incontinence was significantly correlated with DWMH and subcortical LI number. Cognitive dysfunction was significantly correlated with palsy, gait disorder, limb weakness and incontinence. Conclusions: Age and hypertension were major risk factors for CSVD. The distribution and severity of lesions was consistent with the clinical signs and symptoms. Palsy, urinary incontinence and gait disorders were correlated with the number of LIs in the brainstem/ cerebellum, the subcortex and the basal ganglia, respectively. This data should further our understanding of the risk factors and clinical manifestations of CSVD, thereby improving diagnosis, prevention and treatment.


The present invention relates to a kind of freeze dried powder for intravenous injection with pyritinol hydrochloride as main component and its preparation process. The freeze dried powder for intravenous injection with pyritinol hydrochloride as main component is prepared by using water for injection or bacteria-free water as solvent, and mannitol and sodium chloride as supplementary material, and through freeze drying process. The present invention has no limitation of requiring bacteria-free material.


The invention relates to a nitro imidazole compound, its preparation method and use, in particular to a novel nitro imidazole compound, and its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, preparation method and application in preparing medicines for treating mycobacterium tuberculosis infectious diseases, especially infectious diseases caused by multidrug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. The nitro imidazole compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof disclosed in the invention has good activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro, especially has strong activity against multidrug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis.


The author substantiates the thesis that the philosophical and religious anthropology of Orthodox theism actively used the achievements of psychology, pedagogy and pedology. The article presents the main aspects of the appeal of representatives of spiritual and academic science to the pedological problems, which in many respects became a product of American pragmatism. At the same time, the main task of Orthodox theists was to use the potential of pedology and child psychology to find new ways of religious and moral education of children and adolescents


Surgical denervation has been proposed as a treatment for pain in hand osteoarthritis (OA).We performed a systematic literature review to summarize the available evidence and propose a research agenda.A systematic literature search was performed up to September 2022. Two investigators identified studies that reported on denervation for OA of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ), distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ), metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) or first carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ). Reviews, comments, letters or editorials, studies in languages other than English and studies investigating other interventions, joints or conditions were excluded. Quality of studies was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for case series and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I), where applicable. Study characteristics, patient characteristics, details of the surgical technique and outcomes of the surgery were extracted. Due to the nature of the data, no meta-analysis was performed. Data from the studies were pooled and minimal and maximal scores were estimated.The search yielded 212 articles from the Pubmed, OVID and Cochrane databases. From these, 17 articles (reporting on 384 denervation surgeries in 351 patients) were selected. Twelve studies described CMCJ denervation, three described PIPJ denervation, and the others described DIPJ (n=1), MCPJ (n=1) or a mixture of MPCJ, PIPJ and DIPJ denervation (n=1). The surgical techniques varied greatly, both in incisions and in the nerves severed, even between studies investigating denervation of the same joint. The innervation of the joints in the hand is still subject to debate. Most of the studies were case series (n=16), and one was a non-randomized clinical trial. Sample size ranged from 3 to 60 participants. All studies had significant risk of bias. The studies consisted of patient groups with average age ranging from 55 to 65 and 60-75% female participants.The sixteen case series reported positive outcomes with respect to pain, function and patient satisfaction. Average pain decrease ranged from 3 to 8.1 on a 10-point numeric rating scale (NRS) (n=8 studies), with a 56-92% patient satisfaction rate (n=5) and mean increase in range of motion of 3.5-27 degrees (n=3). The non-randomized clinical trial reported no differences in outcome when comparing denervation to trapeziectomy. Adverse event rates ranged from 0-75% of denervation procedures. Sensory abnormalities occurred most, followed by the need for revision surgery and infections of the area of the surgery.Surgical denervation for pain in hand OA shows promise, but the available evidence does not allow conclusions, as for example regression to the mean can strongly influence the observations in case series. More and higher quality evidence is needed before it can be recommended as part of standard care. On the research agenda are 1) the innervation of the joints, 2) the best surgical technique to sever all relevant nerves, and 3) perform high-quality randomized clinical trials to investigate the efficacy of surgical denervation in comparison to sham, 4) to investigate other interventions targeted at the innervating nerves, and finally 5) the safety of the different surgical denervation techniques.NIL.NIL.None Declared.


Indicator organisms such as coliforms and E.coli frequently replaced pathogens in the monitoring of microbial quality of drinking water. Tests for indicator organisms are typically easy to perform and results can be obtained quickly. Many studies have concluded that total coliform is not an appropriate indicator in tropical environments. Instead, E.coli is a better indicator of recent fecal contamination and E.coli is proposed as the indicator organism of choice for routine water monitoring in developing countries. Two Presence/Absence (P/A) tests were studied and compared to Membrane Filtration (MF). The P/A-Total Coliform test is useful in evaluating disinfected water supplies. The P/A-H 2Sproducing bacteria test is simple, inexpensive, and suitable for monitoring microbial quality of drinking water in the rural areas. The MF test allows the enumeration of indicator organisms and can be used to assess the microbial removal efficiencies of point-of-use water filters. Different culture media for various indicator organisms were compared based on cost, ease of result interpretation, and medium preparation. The author concluded that m-ColiBlue24® be used for total coliform detection, m-FC with rosalic acid for fecal coliform detection, and either EC with MUG or m-ColiBlue24® for E. coli detection. For point-of-use water treatment, the author also fabricated a ceramic disk filter in collaboration with Hari Govintha Prajapati, a local pottery maker in Thimi, Nepal. The manufacturing process was documented and design improvements were recommended. Two of these ceramic filters were brought back to MIT and evaluated. Two other Indian TERAFIL terracotta ceramic filters were also tested in the laboratories in Nepal and MIT. Both TERAFIL filters consistently removed 85% turbidity and produced water with less than 1.0 NTU. Total coliform, fecal coliform, and E.coli removal rates exceeded 95% with one exception. However, the two TERAFIL filters have very different maximum flow rates of 2 and 7 L/hr. The Thimi ceramic filters have similar turbidity and microbial removal rates. However, they have significantly lower flow rates of 0.3 L/hr. Despite the high microbial removal rates, some form of household disinfection is necessary for these filters if zero coliform count is to be achieved. Thesis Supervisor: Susan E. Murcott Title: Lecturer, Department of CEE


The pathophysiologic mechanisms governing hand ischemia are complex and poorly understood. Whereas shunting of blood to a low resistance area (arteriovenous access) resulting in hypoperfusion distal to the anastomosis has been suggested to be the cause, increased resistance to blood flow offered by the presence of arterial stenosis can also play a critical role (1). Recent data have emphasized that significant (‡50%) arterial stenoses are commonly seen in dialysis patients presenting with symptoms of hand ischemia or vascular access dysfunction (2–8). These lesions can occur anywhere within the arteries of the upper extremities including the proximal arteries and have been demonstrated to cause peripheral ischemia in hemodialysis (HD) patients (2–4). Using arteriography, the incidence of arterial stenosis in patients with peripheral ischemia has been reported to occur in a significant number of patients. In one study (2), complete arteriography from the aortic to the palmar arch was performed to assess the presence of arterial stenosis in HD patients presenting with symptoms of peripheral ischemia (n = 13). It was found that 62% of the 13 patients referred for the evaluation of symptoms of hand ischemia syndrome demonstrated a significant (‡50%) arterial stenosis. In another report of patients with hand ischemia (4), stenosis in the inflow circulation was found in over 80% of the patients who underwent complete arteriography (n = 12). At a conceptual level the goal for managing hand ischemia must focus on augmenting blood flow distal to the access to relieve ischemia while preserving the lifeline of the patient. A variety of percutaneous interventions are available to achieve this goal (Table 1). Use of one of these interventions has made access ligation the procedure of last resort for patients with hand ischemia. However, this procedure might still be used when the symptoms are apparent immediately after access creation and for those cases which are unresponsive to other treatments and demonstrate advancing ischemia. The presence of an arterial stenosis can have a significant effect on the surgical procedure performed to correct distal ischemia. Recognition of these stenoses before planning a surgical procedure is very important. For example, in the presence of a significant arterial stenosis proximal to the anastomosis, a banding procedure applied to correct arterial steal can result in a critical decline in access blood flow culminating in access thrombosis. Because arterial stenosis is an important cause of distal ischemia, the percutaneous approach is gaining popularity in the management of hand ischemia. In one study, Valji et al. (2) performed arteriography to evaluate patients with symptoms of hand ischemia. The entire arterial tree from the aortic arch to the palmar arch was evaluated. Seven of the 10 patients with hand pain revealed arterial stenoses while three were found to have excessive flow into the access through the anastomosis. Five of the seven patients with arterial stenosis were amenable to angioplasty. Of these, four demonstrated resolution of symptoms posttreatment. Of the three patients with excessive flow, two cases with radiocephalic fistulae were treated by coil embolization of the efferent radial artery to abolish the steal. The authors concluded that transcatheter therapy can be very successful in selected case of hand ischemia. In another report, 8 of 10 patients with advanced limb ischemia became symptom-free after the application of percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PTA) (3). In a recent report of 12 patients presenting with hand ischemia, 10 were found to have arterial stenosis and eight were successfully treated with PTA (4). There were no procedurerelated complications reported in any of these studies. Many reports have focused on the use of surgical interventions including banding ⁄plication, tapered graft insertion, distal revascularization-interval ligation (DRIL) and revision using distal inflow procedure to correct steal resulting in distal ischemia (9–15).However, a minimally invasive percutaneous technique designed to limit excessive flow (true steal) through the anastomosis causing distal ischemia has been reported recently (16). This technique is based upon the application of a ligature around an inflated angioplasty balloon to create a stenosis of a defined size. According to this technique, the body of the access is punctured and entered in a retrograde direction. A complete arteriography (with and without occlusion) to ascertain the presence of stenosis or aberrant anatomy is performed. Under local anesthesia, a small (1–2 cm) incision is made over the access some 2–3 cm from the arterial anastomosis. At this point, blunt dissection is performed so that that a ligature (nylon, Prolene) can be passed around the access. An angioplasty balloon is then positioned at the inflow. The size of the balloon is based on the size of the artery just distal to the arterial anastomosis (4–5 mm balloon for elbow fistulae), the goal is to create a significant stenosis once the ligature has been applied. The balloon is then inflated in the juxta-anastomotic region and a ligature is snugly applied on the external surface of the Address correspondence to: Arif Asif, MD, Director, Interventional Nephrology, Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, or e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Seminars in Dialysis—Vol 20, No 5 (September–October) 2007 pp. 470–471 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00354.x TABLE 1. Percutaneous interventions to ameliorate hand ischemia


In order to improve the power transmission efficiency of modular multilevel DC transformer ( MMDCT ), reduce the current peak during operation, and ensure the safety and stability of MMDCT, this paper proposes a reflux power optimization control method to reduce the reflux power of MMDCT. First, an approximate trapezoidal wave power model calculation method is proposed to simplify the power calculation model. Then, based on the approximate power model calculation method, the reflux power models of MMDCT under single phase shift control and extended phase shift control are calculated, and a reflux power optimization control method under extended phase shift control is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the control method are verified by simulation.


AbstractThe following sections are included:Goldilocks: Prelude to Irrational ExuberanceThe Coming of Irrational ExuberanceBehind the CurtainBubble Fears at the FedThe Great End-of-Millennium Market Failures Compound the ErrorsThe Internet: The Bubble in the BubbleA Bedeviling Aftermath


Objective: To sum up the valuable experience of ancient literature on prevention and control of airborne infectious disease by non-oral herbs including incenses, pillows and sachets, so as to provide support for the development and promotion on Chinese aerosol disinfectant. Methods: Text interpretation and statistical analysis were applied. Literature data about incense, pillows, sachets and other non-oral prescriptions on airborne infectious disease prevention were collected, to identify relevant ancient herbs in common use, and to explain individual herb, multi-drug prescriptions with traditional Chinese medicine theory and modern pharmacological knowledge. Prescription data were standardized, a database was established, and the data were analyzed by the methods of frequency, factor, clustering analysis and the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Results: 195 clauses were clustered including 171 prescriptions and 110 traditional Chinese drugs. Twenty-one high frequency(10) drugs including atractylodes rhizome, Chinese honey locust, Sichuan lovage rhizome were recorded. Excluding duplicates, 16 recipes including atractylodes rhizome, 16 of which including realgar, and 3 others. Prescriptions containing atractylodes rhizomes was analyzed as an example. Conclusion: The non-oral Chinese herbs for preventing and controlling airbome infectious disease are mainly used as follow: pungent-warm drugs, usual aromatic drugs, insecticides and bitter, cold herb. Bihui Dan combined with rues, sandalwood, grassleaf sweetflag rhizomes, sixangular dysosma rhizomes, pasta ulmi could be chosen as the basic fumigation recipe for prevention and control of airborne infectious disease.


Based on the condition of sports products concept lacking of strictness and accuracy, this paper makes real name according to the rule of different products named through using the theory of industrial economics,principle of logic. The author thinks that sports products are the principal part of sports activities and are the products created on basis of sports activities rather than products supplied by sports industry. Sports products are also not the products to be used for sports or articles of sports activities.


The rhodium(I) catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl (Z)-N-acetamido cinnamates 5a-c in the presence of camphor-derived phosphine phosphinites 4a-c gave the corresponding phenyl alanine derivatives 6a-c with good enantioselectivities (up to 89% ee) and high conversions.


The photodissociation of nitryl chloride (ClNO2), a potentially active species in atmospheric chemistry, has been studied following excitation into the weakly structured band at 248 nm using photofragment translational energy spectroscopy. Among the energetically accessible decay channels, only the formation of the primary fragments Cl + NO2 has been found to be active involving the fission of the weakest bond (D0(Cl−NO2) = 138 kJ/mol). The two fragments exhibit a well-structured translational energy distribution. The structure is attributed to different decay routes which include the formation of NO2 fragments in different electronic states. Thus, about 30% are produced in the ground state while the rest, in accordance with the kinetic energy structure and the available fragment energy, is consistent with production in the A2B2 and B2B1 excited electronic states. The similar rovibrational energy channeled into NO2 along the three decay routes suggests an indirect decay with an exit barrier. In addition, ...


This article focuses on the ethical analysis of cyber warfare, the warfare characterised by the deployment of information and communication technologies. It addresses the vacuum of ethical principles surrounding this phenomenon by providing an ethical framework for the definition of such principles. The article is divided in three parts. The first one considers cyber warfare in relation to the so-called information revolution and provides a conceptual analysis of this kind of warfare. The second part focuses on the ethical problems posed by cyber warfare and describes the issues that arise when Just War Theory is endorsed to address them. The final part introduces Information Ethics as a suitable ethical framework for the analysis of cyber warfare, and argues that the vacuum of ethical principles for this kind warfare is overcome when Just War Theory and Information Ethics are merged together.


The haustorium of the santalaceous root parasite, Geocaulon lividum, is described and the known host genera listed. The haustorium develops as a lateral outgrowth of the root and does not differentiate fully until penetration of the host has occurred. Clasping folds in the outer portion of the haustorium attach the haustorium firmly to the host. After attachment, the core of the haustorium penetrates through to the xylem of the host. The vascular core consists of three zones: mother root zone, transitional zone, and haustorial zone. Each zone is characterized by distinctive vessel elements the occurrence of which is graphically illustrated.


The study of the physiological significance of polyamines in higher plants has induced us to examine both the relationship between these compounds with indol-3yl-acetic acid (IAA) and the site of action of polyamines in the cell.

Slices of dormant tubers of Helianthus tuberosus were activated with water, 2 × 10-6M IAA, 10-4M spermidine and two different concentrations of actinomycin D alone and with spermidine.

The RNA synthesis caused by spermidine was similar to that caused by IAA. These data agreed with the hypothesis that the nucleic acid synthesis caused by IAA could be mediated by polyamine synthesis previously observed.

Besides 10-4M spermidine removed the inhibition of 1.5 × 10-6M actinomycin D on nucleic acid synthesis. As the interaction necessarily occurs between spermidine and actinomycin at the DNA level, it therefore was possible to demonstrate that the primary site of action of spermidine in protein synthesis might occur on DNA also in vivo.


As an attempt to help conserve the endangered European mink Mustela lutreola (Linnaeus, 1761), a reintroduction program was started in a nature reserve in Saarland, Germany; the present study is part of this ongoing reintroduction project. Within the first 2 yr period, 48 (16 m, 32 f) founder animals were reintroduced, out of a total of about 75 animals intended for release in the course of the 3 yr project. Prior to reintroduction, the animals were acclimatized using soft-release pens where they were preconditioned with natural prey . A number of individuals (n = 18) were set free in groups of mating partners (ffm, fm) and in mother-offspring groups. Thirty-three European mink (14 m, 19 f) were fitted with intraperitonial transmitters and radio-tracked and surveyed via live-trapping. Animals were monitored from April 2006 to May 2008 to determine the distribution, size and temporal changes in home range. Released animals showed linear home ranges spreading along rivers and brooks. Home range sizes were 7.2 km (88 ha) for 1 adult male, 0.2-5.9 km (1-505 ha) for adult females, around 1.7-5.6 km (17-132 ha) for juvenile males and 9.2 km (778 ha) for 1 juvenile female, respectively. The released adults showed inter-, but only few intra-, sexual home range overlaps. In contrast, juveniles did not show any home range overlaps. In winter, home range size decreased to a minimum of about 1 km. Further, home range size for females decreased around parturition but increased successively at time of weaning. The activity pattern of released animals was highest at night (especially around dusk and dawn).


This paper discusses the existing gap between the positions of developed and developing countries regarding a new round of WTO negotiations. It mainly focuses on the interest of Latin American and Caribbean economies concerning market access, further trade liberalization, new issues of the agenda and special and differential treatment. It also addresses the implementation of the Uruguay Round agreements particularly on agriculture, textiles and clothing. Finally, it considers rules that should be revised for the success of a next round of multilateral trade negotiations.


The reactions between BSA and acidic phenolsulfonphthaleins including phenol red, cresol red, chlorophenl red, bromocresol red and m-cresol purple have been investigated by means of fluorescence spectra. The experimental results showed that all of the selected acidic phenolsulfonphthaleins strongly quenched the fluorescence produced by BSA, and this fluorescence quenching could be interpreted in terms of static quenching. From the calculation results of binding constants K for these dyes at various temperatures, it could be found that the increase in the functional groups number of dyes molecules resulted in an increase in K, while the increase in reaction temperature led to a decrease in K. The interactions between dyes and BSA were attributed to static-electricity gravitation which was confirmed by the calculation results of enthalpy and entropy for these reactions. According to the non-radiation energy transfer theory,the acceptor-donor distances and energy transfer efficiencies between dyes and protein at various temperatures were obtained. These results further supported the conclusion that these reactions belonged to the single static quenching which was caused by the energy transfer.


Based on the analysis of highway transportation development target,the social-economic development target and their correlation an evaluating indicator system is set up which coordinates the area highway transportation with the social economy development.By taking China's mainland 31 provinces (municipalities,autonomous regions,target statistical data in 2004 as an example standardized processing and the principal components analysis of the sampled data were conducted by using the SPSS statistics software. Three principal components were obtained.The synthesis score of various regions by various principal components score with principal components weight was achieved by synthesis computation.Finally,the degree of coordinating development of various regions is classified by the synthesis score,and the analysis appraisal is carried out in order to provide reference for explaining the coordinated development between highway transportation and social economy.


Through an examination of a wide variety of financial systems in Europe, and North and South America over approximately 150 years of change, this book demonstrates the key role that finance has played in economic change, and in the development of diverse financial systems. Insights into the primacy of the state's role in the financial development of the pre-industrial era have not been carried over into the historiography of the industrial era itself, so the discoveries detailed in this book have never been brought together in a systematic manner. This book therefore aims to demonstrate through comparative historical analysis, the richness of the history of modern financial systems, and to restore the state to its primary role in the shaping of those systems. This book makes an interesting contribution to financial historiography, thus will be of interest to economists and financial, economic and world historians.


A precipitator comprises a circulation against the current between the reactants (8, 6, 7 -> 12) and an organic phase containment (10-> 9) immiscible and chemically inert to maintain the phase containing the reagent into an emulsion. The precipitator walls are hydrophobic to avoid sticking of the precipitate. The emulsion is maintained by a movable body (2) stirrer. The precipitate is continuously removed by a scavenging flow device (16).


The paper introduce a new calculate method,that is for realistic connected with missile launching envelope of middle-range and far-range missile;Expound it's calculate principle;Analysis the simulation;And compare with else calculation to get to the different and merit.


A brief implementation guide was introduced for direct time integration algorithms including the central difference, Houbolt, Newmark, Wilson-θ, HHT-α, WBZ-α, Generalized-α and Bathe Methods. Later, the stability and accuracy concepts were introduced with summarizing the procedures for spectral analysis for any direct time integration algorithm. Bathe method has shown superiority in different aspects based on spectral analysis. A similarity in spectral performance was found between Houbolt and a special case of WBZα. The central difference method also showed similar spectral performance to that shown in a special case of HHT-α.


How can the same industry in two very similar countries adopt the same technology at the same time and nurture the development of two completely different sets of institutional and regulatory arrangements? Bronwyn Howell takes a trip through the telecommunications histories of Finland and New Zealand. She finds that initial investment conditions have a long-lasting impact on market evolution and participant interactions.


Based on agency theory and signaling theory, we take a sample of Shanghai A-share listed companies during the period 2011-2015 and use a path analysis to construct our research models. This paper first studies the influence of financial restatement on inefficient investment, and then investigates a latent variable, financing constraints, and studies the mediating effect of financing constraints in the relationship. The results show that for the over-invested companies, the degree of over-investment will be reduced after financial restatement, with financing constraints playing a partial mediating role. For the under-invested companies, the degree of under-investment will be more serious after the financial restatements, with financing constraints also playing a partial mediating role. This paper enriches the application of a mathematical method, path analysis, in social science, and reveals the mediating effects of financing constraints. This paper is meant to guide listed companies in strengthening their corporate governance, and improving their information disclosure quality.


: Today's "post-90s" and "post-00s" have become important witnesses, participants and contributors to the realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, strengthening the identification of contemporary college students' socialist core values, and promoting the construction of The Socialism with Chinese Characteristics has far-reaching significance. Peer tutoring based on the positive educational influence among peers has strong cohesion to the majority of students, and can subtly influence students' values and other characteristics, and deepen the recognition of college students' core socialist values. This research is carried out from four aspects: strengthening the construction of the peer tutoring team, enriching the content of the peer tutoring work, doing a good job in the staged work of the peer tutoring, and innovating the work mode of the peer tutoring. A new path for the education of the core values of socialism.


In the present work, we measure the temperature dependent electrical resistivity from 300K down to 2K under applied hydrostatic pressure of upto 2.5GPa for SrFBiS2, which is the parent compound for the BiS2 based superconductors. Though the normal state resistivity of the compound decreases with pressure, the same is not superconducting down to 2K under applied pressure of up to 2.5Gpa.


In this paper a family of so-called anytime signal processing algorithms is introduced to improve the overall performance of larger scale embedded digital signal processing (DSP) systems. In such systems there are cases where due to abrupt changes within the environment and/or the processing system temporal shortage of computational power and/or loss of some data may occnr. It is an obvious requirement that even in such situations the actual processing should be continued to insure appropriate performance. This means that signal processing of somewhat simpler complexity should provide outputs of acceptable quality to continue the operation of the complete embedded system. The accuracy of the processing will be temporarily lower but possibly still enough to produce data for qualitative evaluations and supporting decisions. Consequently anytime algorithms should provide short response time and be very flexible with respect to the available input information and computational power. The paper presents such algorithms based on the re-configurable version of the recursive signal transformer structure described in [1].


Abstract The Mecyclothorax (Sharp) fauna of isolated forest habitats in and near Polipoli State Recreation Area, Kula Forest Reserve, Maui Island, Hawaii comprises eight species, five of which are newly described: Mecyclothorax aeneipennis, new species; M. consobrinus, new species; M. cordithorax, new species; M. giffardi, new species; and M. superstriatus, new species. An identification key to Mecyclothorax species of Polipoli is presented along with diagnoses, distributional maps and illustrations. Lectotypes are designated for M. laetus (Blackburn), M. ovipennis Sharp, and M. perstriatus Sharp. Four species—M. aeneipennis, M. consobrinus, M. giffardi and M. superstriatus—are precinctive to Polipoli, and constitute respective adelphotaxa to four allopatric species distributed from the Waikamoi region thence eastward along the windward face of Haleakala Volcano. The Polipoli endemics define the forest regions of Kula Forest Reserve as an area of endemism distinct from the windward forest to the northeast. Incorporation of adelphotaxic distributional information into the delimitation of these areas of endemism provides a cladistic foundation that is lacking from most other previously proposed definitions, though it harkens back to Wallace's (1855) "Law which has regulated the introduction of new species." Native Mecyclothorax beetles occur in both native and non-native forest microhabitats at Polipoli, illustrating the ability of these geographically restricted island endemic taxa to colonize and persist in novel situations populated by alien plants.