To examine whether the upper limit of dietary protein for skeletal muscle growth would be increased if protein is ingested in proper timing in relation to exercise, rats fed at 8:00–10:00 and 20:00–22:00 were exercised with a climbing cage (Kondo et al. EB2007), 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The exercise started at 14:00 (14E) or 18:00 (18E). The proximate meal located 4h after exercise for 14E and immediately after exercise for 18E. The rats were fed either a normal protein diet (N, protein 18%) or a high protein diet (H, protein 35%), and each diet group was divided to a sedentary (S), 14E or 18E group. The rats were pair‐weighted. Nitrogen balance measured in the 7th week of the study was more positive in the H‐fed groups than the N‐fed groups without differences regarding both meal timing and exercise. After 8 weeks, the skeletal muscle mass (sum of the gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, Extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior, flexor hallucis longus and biceps brachii) was lower in the H‐fed rats than the N‐fed rats, and it was lower in 14EH (8.29g (SD 0.63)) than both SH (8.99 (0.38)) and 18EH (9.22 (0.53)) while SH and 18EH were comparable. The difference in the skeletal muscle mass between H‐fed and N‐fed was less in 18E than both S and 14E (SN > SH (−3.1%), 14EN > 14EH (−7.7%), 18EN = 18EH (−0.8%)). These results suggest that ingesting a meal in proper timing after exercise may not increase the upper limit of dietary protein for skeletal muscle growth, while it appears to alleviate the decreased efficiency of skeletal muscle growth in H‐fed animals.


A 5-year-old neutered male Labrador retriever dog with a 3-year history of intermittent hemorrhage from the right metacarpal pad was evaluated. A small region of hyperattenuation of the metacarpal pad was evident on computed tomographic angiography. Excisional biopsy of the location of the purported hemorrhage revealed a micro-arteriovenous malformation on histologic examination.


BACKGROUND
Depressive symptoms are common in schizophrenia and they can occur during any phase of the disorder. Some authors report an association between depression in schizophrenic patients and a positive family history of depression.

AIM
The aim of this study was to evaluate depressive symptoms in schizophrenic patients and to compare their family history with that in patients with depressive disorder.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The examined group consisted of 50 patients with schizophrenic disorder, both inpatients and outpatients treated at the University Psychiatry Clinic who had prominent depressive symptoms (total score>7 on 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). The control group consisted of 50 patients with depressive disorder. Differential diagnosis was established on the basis of ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. Patients were evaluated with PANSS, 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and a questionnaire for demographic and clinical data.

RESULTS
The clinical depression seen in patients with schizophrenia differed significantly from that in patients with depressive disorder. Depressive symptomatology was significantly more frequently reported in a family history of schizophrenic patients with depressive symptoms than in patients with depressive disorder.

CONCLUSION
Schizophrenic patients with prominent depressive symptoms have significantly more frequently a positive family history of depression compared to patients with depressive disorder.


The efficiency of selection, in interspecific hybrid populations of Ipomoea genus, depends on several factors among which the authenticity of hybrid plants on which selection is applied plays a major role. Since in Ipomoea genus identifying hybrid plants on the basis of quantitative characters is a most difficult task, breeders do this by taking into account the few (if any) alternative traits for which there is sound information concerning their inheritance. The paper presents the experimental results on testing the authenticity of hybrid plants, in Ipomoea genus, by means of RAPD analysis. DNA from hybrid plants belonging to six interspecific direct and reciprocal combinations among Ipomoea species was extracted and then amplified with 15 decamer primers which, in previous experiments with different Ipomoea species, produced true polymorphic bands. Six dendrograms were constructed based on DNA migration in agarose gel and analysis of formed bands. For all six combinations analyzed, the pattern of dendrograms proves that the plants which provided the tested DNA were true hybrids. It is concluded that RAPD analysis could successfully be used in checking the authenticity of hybrid plants in Ipomoea genus when no other cheaper and/or quicker procedure is available.


Algeria has a large solar energy potential (the first in the Mediterranean Sea). This deposit makes it suitable for the installation of solar energy conversion systems, especially photovoltaic (PV) systems. The design of these systems is an important step, its optimization, as well as optimization of the various parameters of the system, is a crucial step. In our work, after estimating hourly solar radiation, we have optimized the design of a photovoltaic installation in the region "Zenata" (Tlemcen), western Algeria, focusing on the panel's efficiency, total capture area, and total battery capacity. We used the concept of hourly solar usability to develop a design method through several stages.


: established the distinctive features on the contents of unsaponifiable components of oils obtained from milled and paddy seeds of safflower, which are necessary to improve the processes of refining, particularly to correct in them a bitter taste. Abstract: A significant increase in the production of persimmon in combination with a higher percentage of fruit for export, led to the need to adapt the post-harvest technology to ensure that the benefits reach the final consumer in optimum condition. From the article, you can get a complete picture of the elaboration of this issue.


The article aims at carrying out the following tasks: to analyze the meaning of the concept of all-Russian identity; to compare the concept of all-Russian identity and related concepts; to define the role of the all-Russian civil identity as an institution and as a value in the system of constitutional law; to formulate proposals for improving the legislation of the Russian Federation. The axiological approach has had considerable importance for assessing and analyzing the value system of all-Russian identity, the content of these values, as well as for considering the all-Russian identity as a constitutional legal value. The teleological approach has allowed taking into account the goal-setting of the Russian state in the process of constitutionalization of the all-Russian civil identity. The article analyzes the concept of the all-Russian civil identity and its connection with cultural and ethnic identity, the system of values that form the civil identity; determines the place of the civic identity in the system of constitutional law; correlates the civic identity with the concept of constitutional identity. The author suggests a possible way to differentiate the civic and cultural identities, options to supplement the system of values that form the civil identity. The author positively assesses the attempts of the Russian state to implement a state national policy on the basis of the concepts of the civil and cultural identities in the face of modern challenges. At the same time, the author identifies a number of issues. The system of values that constitute the all-Russian civil identity is not fully formalized. It is required to introduce mechanisms for the formation and preservation of the all-Russian civil identity and to correct the state policy in various areas, from the national state policy to the state policy in education, culture, and health care. Finally, the ethnic issue in the context of the all-Russian civil identity remains relevant.


Diversity and Justice Justice is the norm in the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia, as regulated in Law Number 2012 on the System Juvenile Justice. The latest Law Number 11 Year 2012 was not available to be separated by UN Resolution Number 44.25 about Convention of the Rights which was ratified by the Indonesian Government dated January 26, January 1990 in the Presidential Decree No. 36 Year 1990. Convention on the Rights of the Children of the Republic of Indonesia was the basis of the consideration of the establishment of Law Number 11 of 2012 about Juvenile Criminal Justice System which replaced Law Number 3 1997 concerning Juvenile Court. At this time, there are a number of developed countries that have implemented diversion, among others is Australia. Australia has Act on Juvenile Crimes (The Young Offenders Act 1977).In which the Law gives the authority of lawyers (police)to do diversion child offender. This thing can be known from the purpose of the Juvenile Criminal Act Law. In Australia, the policymaking has the authority to do diversion in handling crime done by child. Authority is done with consideration: a) avoiding labeling or stigma which was caused by the effects of the system judicial justice. b) There are doubts about whether to progress from treatment to children. In Indonesia, regulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 about the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, which began after 2 years promulgated on July 30, 2012. In Law Number 11 of 2012, diversion was regulated in Article 17, Article 6 / Article 15. Regarding the restorative justice in developed countries, restorative justice not only in academic fields and practical practice and criminology North America, Australia, and some Europeans, restorative justice has been applied to all know the conventional criminal justice process, namely the investigation, prosecution, stage adjudication, and the stages of the trial. The justice-restructuring process looks for a facility dialogue between various parties affected by crime, including victims, perpetrators supporters and community are all over. Death involves the process that all parties who acted in crime were at the same time together to try to complete the scrutiny of how the negotiation after the crime has taken place Indonesia trial justice regulated in Article 1 Article 6, Article 5 (1) and Article 8 Section (1)Law Number 11 Year 2012.


Emergency services were called to Outwood Academy in Ripon at around 12.30pm today (Wednesday 11 November). A number of pupils were reported to had ...


Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are international programs that must be supported by other countries, especially developing countries such as Indonesia. The SDGs contain 18 goals and 169 targets that are expected to be achieved by 2030. There are 4 goals that can be directly implemented by women, namely without poverty, without hunger, a healthy and prosperous life, and gender equality. The purpose of this study is to map the extent of the role of the Women's Cooperative as an institution for empowering women in order to achieve a family without poverty, without hunger, in health and prosperity and gender mainstreaming in supporting the achievement of the SDGs by 2030. Women's cooperative (Women's Co-op) is a group of women who have the same goal. The study was conducted using a descriptive method, with a literature study approach. The results of the study indicate that the empowerment of women's cooperative members that has been carried out by 5 (five) Women's Co-ops, shows progress in entrepreneurship skills, social progress, increased income and the same opportunity. Therefore, to support the SDGs more quickly, it is necessary to develop a model of coaching and training for members of women's cooperatives as well as a model of fostering secondary women's cooperatives for primary women's cooperatives so that poverty, hunger, welfare and gender mainstreaming are evenly distributed throughout Indonesia.


A new figure-of-merit function for full-profile fitting of powder patterns has been tested using the neutron diffraction data file for PbSO 4, distributed during the first part of the Rietveld Refinement Round Robin organized by the Commission on Powder Diffraction of the International Union of Crystallography, and the X-ray diffraction data file for Cas(PO4)3 F, used as the test case for the DBW Rietveld refinement computer programs. The function takes into account the systematic behaviour of the residuals in the final fit owing to local serial correlations. The problems in current structure-refinement techniques are discussed and possible methods for their solution are proposed. Introduction The results of the Rietveld Refinement Round Robin conducted by the IUCr Commission on Powder Diffraction (Hill, 1992) revealed the dramatic problems of this method of powder diffraction data treatment. The wide range of values of structural parameters, inconsistent with their e.s.d.'s, that were obtained by participants using the same data sets (and in most cases practically the same software) indicates the urgent need for solutions to the problem of 'user-dependent' results in profile refinement. One can put forward at least two major approaches to settlement of the above issue. The first method of attack chosen by the IUCr Commission on Powder Diffraction involves the elaboration of general recommendations on the 'refinement strategy' or, to put it differently, on the proper use of existing algorithms and computer programs. A more convenient, although more time consuming, way to tackle the problem is the revision of existing profilerefinement techniques to make them 'user independent' at most and eventually routine. The closely related subjects of primary concern might be as follows. (i) The design of an appropriate figure-of-merit function for the refinement procedure. In certain cases (e.g. low values of peak-to-background ratio and huge © 1994 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Great Britain all rights reserved background-only regions), the presently used ~2 Pearson-distribution function appears to be an insufficiently sensitive measure of the progress of a fit in the crystal-structure-determining portions of the pattern the related problem with profile-agreement indices has already been discussed by Hill & Fischer (1990). Furthermore, the Z 2 quantity does not take care of serial correlations present in adjacent residuals. Various aspects of the influence of this systematic effect on refinement results have been considered by Sakata & Cooper (1979), Hill & Madsen (1986), Hill & Flack (1987) and B6rar & Lelann (1991). (ii) A justified choice or design of model-adjustment algorithm to achieve a minimum in the figure-of-merit function. Such an algorithm should be as far as possible independent of initial parameter values, should contain default stopping rules and should once and for all establish the procedure for the choice of parameters' release ordering according to the progress of a refinement, if necessary. Nowadays, available computer programs for Rietveld structure refinement or full-pattern profile fitting utilize procedures that are essentially least-squares ones. The most frequently used algorithm is based on iterative linearization of either a nonlinear dependent calculated profile function (Gauss-Newton method) or a nonlinear dependent gradient of a figure-of-merit function (Newton-Raphson method). Though different in name and method of deduction, both methods reduce to the solution of exactly the same matrix equation because the second-derivative term is usually neglected when the Newton-Raphson procedure is applied. At the same time, the final algorithm can differ markedly from the original method (e.g. Wiles & Young, 1981 ; Jansen, Schafer & Will, 1988) through the invocation of 'Marquardt 's compromise' admitting the linearization to be valid only in the vicinity of current approximation (e.g. Rouse, Cooper & Sakata, 1981; Lutterotti, Scardi & Maistrelli, 1992). A less common minimization method is based on a quadratic approximation of the ~2 quantity in the neighbourhood of the minimum. Finally, the matrix equation already mentioned (with the secondJournal of Applied Crystallography ISSN 0021-8898 © 1994 YU. G. A N D R E E V 2 8 9 derivative terms preserved) is solved by just using a variable metric updating formula to obtain an inverse Hessian matrix (Elsenhans, 1990) or, together with the steepest-descent approach, to overcome poor local quadratic approximation (Andreev, Sorokin & Churakov, 1993). In deciding which particular least-squares method to use in powder profile refinement, authors of existing software seem to rely on the general features of the method chosen. At the same time, it is a matter of common knowledge (e.9. Press, Flannery, Teukolsky & Vetterling, 1989) that in numerical analysis there is no perfect minimization algorithm and that the choice of the 'proper' one for the specific type of function, together with the stopping rules, should be made in a comparative fashion. (iii) Evaluation of errors in adjusted structural parameters. Extensive discussion of the validity of e.s.d.'s provided by Rietveld refinement (e.9. Sakata & Cooper, 1979; Rouse, Cooper & Sakata, 1981; Hewat & Sabine, 1981; Prince, 1981) resulted in a conclusion that these values are measures of precision and are obtained on the assumption that counting statistics are the sole source of error, which is never actually valid. In such an event, they are useless when it is necessary to distinguish between various structural models or to compare the results obtained by different researchers (experimental techniques). Thus, several attempts have been made to find a way of modifying the Rietveld-method e.s.d.'s. Based on essential assumptions and introduced separately to take into account either structure-model errors (Scott, 1983) or systematic correlations in the final fit (B6rar & Lelann, 1991), these corrections provided only a certain enlargement of the values of deviations. The subject of this paper is intimately connected with (i), though certain lines of attack on the problems of (ii) and (iii) can be also found. T h e method According to B6rar & Lelann (1991), e.s.d, values of parameters refined by the Rietveld method have to be multiplied by the square root of the following rat io S' Z (1 z~)A~ + Z (~ ziAi )2 ( 1 ) s E A ' where the denominator term S is the quantity usually minimized during Rietveld structure refinement or profile fitting and Ai = wZ I/2(y?bs __ ycal). (2) wi is the variance value of the observation )i"°bs', y~al is the calculated profile intensity at the ith point. The numerator of(l) is derived on the assumption that the differences (2) can be added quadratically only if they represent statistical fluctuations; otherwise they should be added linearly as representing systematic behaviour. This discriminative criterion for the character of Ai is based on the positive-serialcorrelation concept (Schwarzenbach et al., 1989); namely, neighbour differences are treated as correlated if A~_tA~ > O. In such a case, the quantitative probability of correlation is assumed to be z, = [2rt(A 2 + A~ z_ ,)3~/2{2 + [2n(A 2 + A~ z_ t)]'/2} -1, (3) otherwise zi = 0. Here, it is worth noting that the Fortran code also provided by B6rar & Lelann (1991) for making the correction defined by (1) contains a minor inaccuracy that makes itself evident every time a switch is made from uncorrelated to correlated regions. Code corrections to tackle this problem are listed in Appendix I. Minimization of S' instead of S is the extension of the above idea to take into account local correlations. A similar procedure introducing off-diagonal elements into the weight matrix used in the least-squares fit was implied by Murata & Morino (1966) for the analysis of gas electron diffraction data. It was shown that, by taking into account the correlation effect, a reasonable estimate of the parameter e.s.d, can be obtained that does not approach zero when the number of observations tends to infinity. The quantity S' is also expected to be a more sensitive and discriminative measure of refinement progress. A variable metric method is used to solve the least-squares matrix equation


A method for determining the accuracy of reflectance measurements with time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) systems was realized - to our knowledge for the first time - after a goniometric measurement setup was constructively improved. Thus, the reference pulse necessary for the evaluation of reflection measurements can now be determined with known precision. This allows the evaluation of the quality of non-destructive testing (NDT) results obtained by THz-TDS reflection measurements.


To evaluate the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapies in patients with clinical transcatheter heart valve (THV) thrombosis, to describe complications, and to assess their risk profile was the objectives.


Data framing errors can defeat advanced error correction coding schemes and cause read failures in a magnetic recording system. Acquisition and locating the syncmark is one of the first essential steps during a read event. The conventional syncmark detection scheme is based on comparing the received signal to a reference signal, and the syncmark location is declared once the distance between the two signals is smaller than a predetermined threshold. We propose a novel syncmark detection scheme based on hypothesis test and apply the maximum likelihood (ML) detection principle. The improved detection algorithm declares the syncmark location once the signal is more like the syncmark reference signal than any other possible presyncmark reference signals. With the same syncmark pattern, this new detection algorithm outperforms the conventional detection algorithm by multiple dBs using the same Euclidean metrics. For syncmark patterns affected by defects, the absolute value of the Euclidean metric can be used as detection quality indicator. For false detections due to random noise and other distortion, a likelihood metric ratio can be used to indicate detection reliability. The complexity of the new detection algorithm is comparable to the conventional threshold detector.


Traditionally methods developed for agriculture focused on the specific functionality/ domain-dependent such as temperature, humidity pressure, etc and lacks of knowledge base for smart irrigation. In modern generation, the volume of information gathered by numerous sensors over a period, with a diverse series of applications nowadays, is acknowledged by means of Internet of things. Grounded by the properties of an application, the IoT strategies drive outcome in large volume and instantaneous streams of data. Implementing analytics for a large volume of data stream to find novel information, further predict understandings to produce precise and decisions to control a vigorous method that introduces IoT in a well-meaning model for industrial production besides a eminence of life refining technology. Machine learning (deep learning) eases the analytics and knowledge in the IoT domain, the major perspective is to use machine learning (deep learning) in IoT. Hence, in this paper we discuss a systematic review to determine different methods in agriculture practices.


Cancer treatment using a high-intensity focused ultrasound and a nondestructive testing using the thermosonic method are among the technologies that use the irradiation energy of strong ultrasound. As one of these applied technologies, we have studied a non-contact heating technology that uses high-intensity airborne focused ultrasound (HIAFU) and have succeeded in raising the surface temperature of silicone rubber to ~60°C. [1]However, for this technology to be used in practice, it is essential to clarify in detail both experimentally and by simulations the relationships between the irradiation time and temperature rise and the irradiation range and temperature-rise distribution. In this report, we propose a theoretical model that considers heating by HIAFU and heat dissipation by acoustic flow, and we present a numerical simulation of the surface temperature rise of silicone rubber by the proposed method. be placed in appropriate positions within the text.


Image classification plays an important rule for other image domains such as image retrieval, object recognition, image annotation and relevance feedback. In this paper, we describe our work in image classification using Multi Texton Histogram (MTH) and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN). The result shows that the proposed method reaches 92% accuracy for Batik dataset and 98% for Brodatz dataset. This indicates that the use of MTH and PNN for image classification for Batik dataset and Brodatz dataset are effective.


ABSTRACT The evaluation of interventions aimed at countering violent extremism (CVE) remains an underdeveloped field. While various evaluation frameworks and metrics have been proposed in the literature, few have been tested against actual program data. The same observation applies to theories of disengagement, which can provide guidance on the types of changes CVE program evaluations should aim to measure. In this paper, we use one theory of extremist disengagement – Barrelle's pro-integration model (PIM) – to examine outcomes for clients who have participated in an Australian intervention targeting convicted terrorists and prison inmates identified as at risk of radicalization, the Proactive Integrated Support Model (PRISM) intervention. PRISM has been operated by Corrective Services New South Wales since 2016. The PIM looks at extremist disengagement across five domains – "Social Relations", "Coping", "Identity", "Ideology" and "Action Orientation" – with each constituted by a series of sub-domains. We undertake an exploratory case study across three PRISM clients and code different data sources for observations related to these five PIM domains. The aim is to inform CVE evaluation design and decisions about the types of metrics that can be used to assess programs targeting individuals at risk of radicalization or convicted of terrorism. We acknowledge limitations in the study's design.


Here we describe the important role played by the pH on the morphology and structure of the reduced graphite oxide (rGO) samples obtained by hydrothermal treatment of the previously prepared GO. The nature of the resulting samples has been studied on the basis of a complete battery of experimental techniques.


This paper presents a coding theorem for linear coding over finite rings, in the setting of the Slepian–Wolf source coding problem. This theorem covers corresponding achievability theorems of Elias (IRE Conv. Rec. 1955, 3, 37–46) and Csiszar (IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 1982, 28, 585–592) for linear coding over finite fields as special cases. In addition, it is shown that, for any set of finite correlated discrete memoryless sources, there always exists a sequence of linear encoders over some finite non-field rings which achieves the data compression limit, the Slepian–Wolf region. Hence, the optimality problem regarding linear coding over finite non-field rings for data compression is closed with positive confirmation with respect to existence. For application, we address the problem of source coding for computing, where the decoder is interested in recovering a discrete function of the data generated and independently encoded by several correlated i.i.d. random sources. We propose linear coding over finite rings as an alternative solution to this problem. Results in Korner–Marton (IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 1979, 25, 219–221) and Ahlswede–Han (IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 1983, 29, 396–411, Theorem 10) are generalized to cases for encoding (pseudo) nomographic functions (over rings). Since a discrete function with a finite domain always admits a nomographic presentation, we conclude that both generalizations universally apply for encoding all discrete functions of finite domains. Based on these, we demonstrate that linear coding over finite rings strictly outperforms its field counterpart in terms of achieving better coding rates and reducing the required alphabet sizes of the encoders for encoding infinitely many discrete functions.


Abstract This paper shows that foregut abnormalities which impair foetal swallowing, such as oesophageal atresia and duodenal atresia, can be successfully diagnosed in utero by amniography. Such disorders present as polyhydramnios arising fairly acutely after the 30th week of gestation. Failure to detect contrast medium in the foetal bowel 24 hours after its introduction into the amniotic sac can be regarded as fairly reliable evidence of a foregut abnormality, provided that the foetus is alive. A series of five examples is presented, which illustrates that, in addition to oesophageal and duodenal atresia, this diagnostic method is also applicable to foregut compression, stenosis and certain neuromuscular disorders. The indications for this procedure are discussed together with the advantages of antenatal diagnosis of surgically amenable foregut lesions.


【Objective】 To study the clinical significance of serum cystatin C(Cys-C) for early diagnosis of renal injury induced by asphyxia in neonates.【Methods】 Neonates with asphyxia were divided into mildly asphyxiated group(192 cases)and seriously asphyxiated group(34 cases) by Apgar scores of 1 minute after birth,meanwhile 39 cases of no asphyxia of newborn as control group.The peripheral vein blood samples of neonates were collected,and serum Cys-C was detected.It was compared with serum creatinine(Cr) and urea(BUN) with Kruskal-Wallis H Test.The related factors of Apgar score such as Cys-C,Cr,BUN and so on were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.【Results】 1)The level of Cys-C was(2.54±0.48)mg/L,(2.16±0.45)mg/L,and(1.53±0.27)mg/L in seriously asphyxiated group,mildly asphyxiated group and control group,respectively.The level of Cr was(102.32±32.64)μmol/L,(89.35±26.24)μmol /L and(69.03±22.00)μmol /L respectively.The levels of BUN was(9.26±4.29)μmol/L,(8.31±4.50)μmol /L and(5.31±3.01)μmol/L,respectively.Kruskal-Wallis H tests indicated that there were significant differences between seriously asphyxiated group,mildly asphyxiated group and control group(P0.01).2)Logistic analysis indicated that the level of serum Cys-C had the least OR value.【Conclusions】 The less Apgar score is,the higher levels of serum Cys-C,Cr and BUN are.There is a best relationship between the Apgar score and the level of serum Cys-C in early examination of asphyxiated neonates.


Oleoresins were extracted from rhizomes of nine starchy Curcuma species (Curcuma aeruginosa, Curcuma. amada, Curcuma aromatica, Curcuma brog, Curcume caesia, Curcuma malabarica, Curcuma rakthakanta, Curcuma sylvatica and Curcuma zedoaria) using dichloromethane and evaluated for antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The yield of oleoresin in the different species ranged from 4 to 15 % dry weight. Total phenols varied from 23 – 100 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) /g oleoresin. Oleoresins from all the species exhibited high DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power, which had good correlation with phenolic content The oleoresins inhibited both g +ve (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and g-ve (E. coli) bacteria. Maximum sensitivity was observed in the case of B. subtilis. The results indicated that the oleoresins from these species (most of which are unutilized) would have good potential as additives for food and medicinal applications.


It is demonstrated that the stratified dielectric layer structure is well suited for millimeter-wave operation and that, by optimizing the frequency response with respect to polarization, absorption loss, and incidence angle, wider bandwidths and enhanced incidence-angle tolerances can be achieved. A design example is given for operation at 40 GHz.<<ETX>>


We report the computed tomography (CT) findings of a 70-year-old woman diag-nosed with lymphoepithelioid lymphoma (Lennert's lymphoma). Neck, chest, and abdominal CT images revealed multiple enlarged lymph nodes, some of which showed heterogeneous mass or central low attenuation with peripheral rim enhancement. Although lymphoepithelioid cell lymphomas are very rare, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of necrotic lymph nodes, particularly when combined with non-necrotic lymph nodes that show the typical radiologic features of lymphoma.


A linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) stochastic optimal control was developed for networked control systems with network-induced delays longer than a sampling period using a time-division control mode.The control mode uses new information to improve the system performance.A stochastic mathematical model is obtained for the networked control system.The Markov characteristics of the system transfer delay are analyzed to develop a Markov chain theory-based LQG stochastic optimal controller for when the system has full state information.Simulations verify that this time-division control mode provides better control than optimal control that does not consider the delay or control modes that do not make full use of the control inputs.


Female vision in literature of 1980s inherited female narrative set rule of May 4th new literature,which could be categorized into three modes: conflict between desire and ethics,family and career,and men and women.From historical development perspective,it is a renaissance and an enlightening heritage of May 4th new literature.


Haematological indices are important parameters for the evaluation of fish physiological status. The aim of present study was to obtain a basic knowledge of the haematological response of European catfish maintained in different technological condition induced by stocking density. Specimens belonging to two experimental groups had individual weights of 619.74 ± 216.49 g/ex. for the first experimental tank (C1), respectively 560, 83 ± 193.20 g/ex. for second tank (C2). The stocking density was 88 kg/m3for C1 variant, respectively 42.86 kg/m3for C2 variant. The sampling of catfish blood from the two variants before and after the experimental trial allowed determination of haematological indices. At the fish raised in higher density (88 kg/m 3 ) was observed an increase of RBCC (+15.78%), PVC (+ 28.7%), Hb (6.41%), MCV (+11.5%) and a reared of MCH (-8.16%) and MCHC (-18.06%) while at the fish reared in lower density (42.86 kg/m 3 ) was observed an increase in RBCC (+21.21%), PVC (+ 33.18%), Hb (-2.18%), MVC (+11.00%) and a decrease of MCH (-18.59%) and MCHC (26.32%). Physiological stress induced by maintenance in high stoking density is reflected in the haematological indices with direct implications at the biotechnological level.


The 1986 amendment to the Nuclear Waste Policy Act limits the amount of high-level waste that can be emplaced at the proposed Yucca Mountain repository to 70,000 tonnes, of which 7000 tonnes is reserved for US Department of Energy (DOE) high-level waste. When this legislation was enacted, the 70,000-tonne limit appeared sufficient for the spent fuel already produced by commercial nuclear power plants (NPPs), plus the bulk of the spent fuel to be produced through the remaining NPP licensed lifetimes (a total of 40 yr). Recent developments require reexamination of this premise. On one hand, average fuel burnups achieved in current reactors have increased substantially. Many pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel batches average >45 GWd/tonne compared to an average of 35 GWd/tonne in the mid-1980s. This will reduce storage requirements. On the other hand, utility deregulation, consolidation of the nuclear utility industry, and improvements in US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) licensing efficiency have led to prospects that 90 of the 103 operating NPPs may seek license renewals for a total of 60 yr of operation. This could lead to a large increase in spent-fuel quantities. Extending the lifetime of 90 NPPs by 20 yr each will have significant economic andmore » environmental benefits. However, unless the issue of eventual disposition of spent fuel from these relicensed NPPs is confronted soon, there will be difficulty in achieving license renewals. Several approaches can be considered, as follows: (1) Amend the law to increase the quantity of spent fuel to be disposed of in the first repository; (2) Begin the process of siting and licensing a second repository; (3) Further reduce the quantity of spent fuel generated by developing and using high-burnup fuel; and (4) Seek means, consistent with US nonproliferation policy, to recycle some US spent fuel.« less


Chuck Zirkle, Director of Project Management, Onsite Technical Services, Philadelphia Gear Corporation, USA, describes how a North American cement company outsourced a gearbox removal, overhaul and installation project with successful results.


Recently, Chung and Ku showed that the S-3PAKE (simple three-party password-based authenticated key exchange) protocol proposed by Lu and Cao is vulnerable to an impersonation-of-initiator attack, an impersonation-of-responder attack, and a man-in-the-middle attack, and then proposed an enhanced version. Unfortunately, Phan et al. showed that Chung-Ku's protocol still cannot resist two password guessing attacks. In this paper, we propose an improved protocol that can resist password guessing attacks. Furthermore, we offer a formally provable security theorem to evaluate the AKE security of the improved protocol.


BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease usually reported from South India. The clinical spectrum may range from asymptomatic infection, subclinical to a fatal hepatorenal syndrome. Most physicians are sensitized to diagnose leptospirosis, sometimes the diagnosis is missed, especially when associated with neurological manifestations. About 10-15 percent of cases can have neurological manifestations. These patients are referred to a tertiary care hospital due to poor therapeutic response. Since early management can be lifesaving, this study was carried out to evaluate the laboratory profile and clinical features in patients with neuroleptospirosis in a tertiary care centre in South India. METHODS This retrospective single centre study was conducted at Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Neuroleptospirosis was diagnosed by clinical and laboratory findings of hepatorenal syndrome, and anti leptospira antibody detection by ELISA. RESULTS Total of 160 patients with leptospirosis were admitted during the period of study. 31 patients were diagnosed clinically as neuroleptospirosis. Out of 31 patients 21 (67.7 %) were males and 10(32.3 %) were females. The mean age was 56.9  14.61 years. (M: F 2:1, range 18-68 years,). The chief manifestations were fever in 29 (93.5 %), myalgia in 23(74.2 %), headache in 17 (54 %), jaundice in 14 (45 %), and conjunctival suffusion in 9 patients (29 %). Two patients (6.4 %) had altered sensorium and neck stiffness in 23 patients (74.19 %). Most common neurological manifestation was aseptic meningitis (87) followed by encephalitis (19.4 %), seizures in 9.7 %, mean WBC count was 17297.10  8948.413 cells/microliter. Mean platelet count at admission was 88258.06  108727.478 cell/microliter. Mean serum creatinine was 3.9  2.3 mg/dl. Seven  patients (22.58 %) succumbed to death. Mean age of patients who died were 50.63  11.94 years (p < 0.084), mortality was more common in females (50 %) (p < 0.074). Irrespective of age and sex, WBC count at admission > 18,800 cell/ μL is associated with increased mortality (p+0.032). CONCLUSIONS Early recognition of neuroleptospirosis in patients with hepatorenal dysfunction and altered sensorium is critical in the treatment of patients. Female gender and elevated WBC count at admission indicates poor prognosis. KEY WORDS Neuroleptospirosis, Prognosis, Aseptic Meningitis.


Both oscillator and regenerative amplifier configurations are being studied to optimize the design of a MW class FEL. The regenerative amplifier uses a longer undulator and relies on higher extraction efficiency to achieve high average power, whereas the oscillator is a more compact overall design requiring the transport of the high energy electron beam around bends for energy recovery. Using parameters extrapolated from the 1 kW LANL regenerative amplifier, simulations study the feasibility of achieving 1 MW average power.


4632 Background: The overexpression of c-erbB-2 has been described as a common event associated to the hormone-independent progression in prostate cancer. The clinical implications of c-erbB-2 expression in HIPC pts are not fully established. In this study we investigated the clinical significance of c-erbB-2 serum levels in HIPC pts treated with D and the correlation between serum c-erbB-2 ECD and c-erbB-2 tissue expression.

METHODS
Pts with HIPC treated with D were tested for serum c-erbB-2 ECD levels by immunoassay before chemotherapy. In pts with available biopsy specimens of hormone-independent tumor, c-erbB-2expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. PSA response to D, time to PSA progression and survival were analyzed.

RESULTS
Forty-one pts were included in the study. Median follow-up time was 23.3 (3.7-43.1) months. Median time to D progression was 4.1 (0,4-15.1) months and median survival was 11.3 (1,6-43.1). Serum c-erbB-2 correlated with PSA (r=0.351, p=0.025), inversely with time to PSA progression (r = -0.338, p = 0.033) and inversely with survival (r = -0.305, p = 0.05). Median time to PSA progression in pts with high serum c-erbB-2 (≥15 ng/ml) was 1.5 months compared to 4.6 months in pts with low levels (p = 0.0003). Survival in pts with high c-erbB-2 was 11 months and in pts with low c-erbB-2 was 15 months (p = 0.053). HIPC tissue samples from 10 pts were assessed for c-erbB-2 expression. Immunohistochemical c-erbB-2 positive staining (score +2 and +3) was detected in 4 (40%). C-erbB-2 staining showed correlation with serum c-erbB2 levels. Pts with positive staining had 19.1 ± 1.78 ng/ml and negative pts 8.8 ± 2.6 ng/ml (p = 0.001).The 4 pts with tissue c-erbB-2 overexpression had serum c-erbB-2 levels >15 ng/ml, while pts with no c-erbB-2 overexpression in tissue had also low c-erbB-2 levels in serum.

CONCLUSIONS
High c-erbB-2 ECD in serum is associated with a worse clinical outcome of HIPC. Our data suggest that the determination of c-erbB-2 ECD in serum translates the c-erbB-2 status in the hormone-independent tumor and may be useful to select pts for c-erbB-2-targeted therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


To provide a biosensor and a manufacturing method thereof was prepared to have a three-dimensional structure by 3D MID (molded interconnect devices) technology. The present invention provides a biosensor and a manufacturing method thereof formed into three-dimensional structure and the reaction electrode and the signal transfer unit on the surface of the polymer (Polymer) using 3D MID technology. .Field


Abstract The geographic South Pole, where the United States maintains a year-round scientific station, affords a number of unique advantages for certain types of astronomical observations. These include: continuous viewing and constant declination of ail objects in the southern celestial hemisphere, exceedingly low humidity, extended periods of coronal seeing, high altitude, and uniform terrain. The areas of research that have already benefited immensely from thèse extraordinary features are helioseismology and submillimeter astronomy. Unparalleled observations of global solar oscillations have already yielded significant information about the structure and dynamics of the Sun's interior. Far infrared measurements of various galactic and extra-galactic regions have attained an unprecedented level of sensitivity, limited for the first time only by the noise inherent in the detector. In addition to further helioseismological observations, currently planned future activities include observational cosmology and ultra high energy gamma ray astronomy.


A bi-directional planar coaxial applicator with multiple apertures is presented in this paper. The applicator is optimized for uniform thermal distribution over large volume for low-power microwave hyperthermia. The proposed applicator can radiate microwaves in both up and down directions simultaneously, resulting in extended treatment volume. The power distribution into each aperture has been optimized to achieve uniform thermal profile by solving the bioheat equation. 3-D thermal profiles are measured on the surface of 4 mm-thick pork muscle using Infra-Red microscope from three orthogonal directions. The measured thermal profile confirms uniform thermal distribution and expanded heating volume.


Bithiophene is studied with varying Cs dosing as a model for the n-doping of thiophene-based conducting polymers. The evolution of the electronic structure with increasing Cs concentration is followed both indirectly, by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), and directly by ultraviolet-photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). In both spectroscopies the behavior of the states formed in the gap indicates two doping regimes. The EELS results parallel the optical-absorption results for the p-doping of longer thiophene oligomers and polythiophene, and suggest a polaron (anion) to bipolaronlike (dianion) transformation


In this paper we present new issues and challenges related to the vertical tablet playing. The approach is based on a previously presented instrument, the HANDSKETCH. This instrument has now been played regularly for more than two years by several performers. Therefore this is an opportunity to propose a better understanding of the performing strategy. We present the behavior of the whole body as an underlying aspect in the manipulation of the instrument.


The impulse response of the geomagnetic indices (Dst, AL, AU and AE) to the interplanetary magnetic field southward component (IMF-Bz) is calculated on the assumption that the magnetosphere acts as a linear system. Hourly data for 300 days are used in this analysis. The main results obtained are as follows: (1) Using interplanetary data, a fairly large portion of geomagnetic disturbances may be predicted with the assumption of a linear system. (2) The response of the Dst index and the AL index develops at two steps or has an oscillating property with a period of several hours. (3) The response of the AU index is rather different from that of the other indices. These results may suggest that the disturbances represented by the Dst and AL indices have a common origin associated with the interplanetary magnetic or electric field, whereas those indicated by the AU index have an origin somewhat different from it.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the crocodile oil extract ointment in thetreatment of burns in mice (Mus musculus). The research found that the ointment of crocodile oil extracthas an effect in the healing of burns in mice (Mus musculus), with the best concentration of 30% of thecrocodile oil extract ointment dose. Moreover, the ointment met the standard on the basis of organolepticand homogeneity tests. The ointment of crocodile oil extract with concentrations of 30% and 50% has thehealing activity degree II-A burns in mice (Mus musculus). The best percentage of reductions in averageburns in mice was the ointment with a concentration of 30%. Further study needs to be done in the healingof wound in human skin


In many different fields, there is a high demand for storing information to a computer storage disk from the data available in printed or handwritten documents or images to later re-utilize this information by means of computers. One simple way to store information to a computer system from these printed documents could be first to scan the documents and then store them as image files. But to re-utilize this information, it would very difficult to read or query text or other information from these image files. Therefore a technique to automatically retrieve and store information, in particular text, from image files is needed. Optical character recognition is an active research area that attempts to develop a computer system with the ability to extract and process text from images automatically. The objective of OCR is to achieve modification or conversion of any form of text or text-containing documents such as handwritten text, printed or scanned text images, into an editable digital format for deeper and further processing. Therefore, OCR enables a machine to automatically recognize text in such documents. Some major challenges need to be recognized and handled in order to achieve a successful automation. The font characteristics of the characters in paper documents and quality of images are only some of the recent challenges. Due to these challenges, characters sometimes may not be recognized correctly by computer system. In this paper we investigate OCR in four different ways. First we give a detailed overview of the challenges that might emerge in OCR stages. Second, we review the general phases of an OCR system such as pre-processing, segmentation, normalization, feature extraction, classification and post-processing. Then, we highlight developments and main applications and uses of OCR and finally, a brief OCR history are discussed. Therefore, this discussion provides a very comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of the field.


The wire-electric gyroscope (WEG) is a new type of the angular rate sensor. The basic principle of the WEG is based on the hypothesis of invariance of the electric current speed for the same wire (coil). It is similar to the Sagnac effect for the speed of light.The method of angular rate determination is described. The voltage difference between two wire coils with different line coupling can be expressed in applied rotation (angular) rate and velocity of electric current. The scale factor depends on the magnitude of the current, number of the coil turns, the coil's radius, the cross-section area of the wire and specific (unit) resistance of the wire. WEG can be produced cost-effectively and can be a good choice for low-cost applications.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


This thesis addresses the issue of customer relationship building in new small retail ventures with a particular focus on individual consumers and application of such relationship marketing concepts as trust, satisfaction, loyalty and value. This research rests upon a qualitative single-case study of a new German retail venture and assumes an interpretivist approach. The main method of inquiry encompasses semi-structured interviews with the venture's salespeople and management. The relationship building practices are thus analyzed at the individual and strategic levels and grouped around the constructs of trusted relationship, handling the entourage, customer satisfaction, value creation, customer loyalty and management strategy. The research findings demonstrate a surprising awareness in the non-trained salespeople of the relationship marketing principles and their application. In contrast to the existing theories, they assume a personal, friendship-like, honest approach rather than engage in blatant sales. Moreover, the findings reveal the individual and strategic customer handling practices deviating from the established ones, which is presumably connected to the high-involvement nature of products and services. This thesis therefore develops a theoretical model of relationship development and provides corresponding managerial recommendations. (Less)


It is well known that the internal carotid artery has no branches in the neck during postfetal life (von Lanz & Wachsmuth, 1955), but during embryonic development there are anastomotic connections between the internal carotid and basilar artery that rarely persist after intrauterine life (Hassen‐Khodja et al. 1992; Widmann & Sumpio, 1992; De Caro et al. 1995). The most common anomaly found incidentally on angiography is a persisting trigeminal artery, but persistent hypoglossal, otic and proatlantal arteries can also be found (Reynolds et al. 1980; Ouriel et al. 1988; Salas et al. 1998). We report a rare example of a persistent hypoglossal artery in a 64 y old female cadaver, cause of death unknown, embalmed by standard mortuary procedures for dissection during the routine anatomy course. The persistent hypoglossal artery originated from the anteromedial wall of the left internal carotid artery 2.5 cm above the bifurcation (Fig.). It extended towards the hypoglossal canal. The diameter of its lumen was 1.5 mm. During its course in the neck, it was positioned anterior to the internal carotid artery and medial to the facial and lingual arteries, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and the convexity of the hypoglossal nerve in the neck. At 1 cm above the convexity of the hypoglossal nerve in the neck, the artery gave rise to a branch that entered the skull through the carotid canal anteromedial to the internal carotid artery (Fig. 1) and joined the basilar artery. The medial branch of the hypoglossal artery crossed the internal carotid artery on its medial side and entered the skull together with the hypoglossal nerve and joined the basilar artery. We found no other anomalies in the cerebral arterial system.


Objective:To explore liver disease of serum immunoglobulin,complement detection diagnosis significance.Methods: Principle of the use of liquid-phase immunochemistry to detect 189 cases of Liver disease in children with immunoglobulin(IgG,IgA,IgM),comp lement(C3,C4) levels of 30 healthy children as controls,were analyzed.Results: Patients with chronic hepatitis,heavy-duty hepatitis,silting bravery hepatitis,hepatitis patients with cirrhosis serum IgG,IgA markedly higherthan those in non-exposed controls,was significant difference(P0.01);Heavy-duty hepatitis and cirrhosis IgM hepatitis markedly higher than those in non-exposed controls and other groups,there is significant difference(P0.01).Liver disease exp1 C3,C4 decreased,heavy-duty hepatitis andcirrhosis C3 hepatitis,C4 with control group was significant difference(P0.01),Chronic hepatitis and silting bravery hepatitis with fulminant hepatitis and liver cirrhosis C3 hepatitis was significant difference(P0.01).Conclusion: Liver disease immunity globulin and complement detection for clinical application,provide early diagnosis.


The BOREAS TGB-12 team made measurements of soil carbon inventories, carbon concentration in soil gases, and rates of soil respiration at several sites. This data set provides: (1) estimates of soil carbon stocks by horizon based on soil survey data and analyses of data from individual soil profiles; (2) estimates of soil carbon fluxes based on stocks, fire history, drain-age, and soil carbon inputs and decomposition constants based on field work using radiocarbon analyses; (3) fire history data estimating age ranges of time since last fire; and (4) a raster image and an associated soils table file from which area-weighted maps of soil carbon and fluxes and fire history may be generated. This data set was created from raster files, soil polygon data files, and detailed lab analysis of soils data that were received from Dr. Hugo Veldhuis, who did the original mapping in the field during 1994. Also used were soils data from Susan Trumbore and Jennifer Harden (BOREAS TGB-12). The binary raster file covers a 733-km 2 area within the NSA-MSA.


Objective To detect the performance of abdominal visceral artery dissection angiography in 64-row helical CT angiography(CTA),and to evaluate the clinical application of MSCT angiography(MSCTA)in diagnosing spontaneous abdominal visceral artery dissection.Methods 11cases of spontaneous abdominal visceral artery dissection with primary axial CTA and post-processing images(VR,CPR,MIP,MPR)were analyzed retrospectively.We observed to true and false lumen,the detached intimal flap,the ruptured intimal orifice and its length,thrombus in the false lumen,aneurysmal expansion or stenosis of dissection,and visceral ischemia or infarction.Results High quality MSCTA imges showed spontaneous abdominal visceral artery dissection clearly,including superior mesentericartery dissection(n=5),celiac trunk dissection involving splenic artery(n=4),and renal artery dissection(n=2).Conclusion MSCT axial images with reconstruction imags are helpful for the evaluation of abdominal visceral artery dissection and related diseases,which can offer useful information for clinical treatment.


Objective To evaluate the effect of position in the treatment of coma patients with pulmonary infection.Methods 200 coma inpatients were divided into two groups randomly.In the treatment group,patients were placed in lateral position 100° to horizontal line,while patients in the control group were placed in lateral position 45°to 90°to horizontal line. Results The pulmonary infection rate of patients in the treatment group was much lower than that of patients in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion Appropriate position of coma patients is effective in preventing pulmonary infection.


Introduction Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common subtype of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in the Western Hemisphere. With current therapy options, prognosis is favorable, with median overall survival (OS) exceeding 12 years. Recent advances in disease management and our understanding of the biology of FL have led to a dramatic change in the treatment landscape. Despite this progress, FL remains incurable with standard therapies. Therefore, it is critical to design treatment strategies focused on controlling symptoms while considering such factors as age, comorbidities, patient preference, and disease-specific risk factors. Herein, we briefly review the evolving treatment strategies in FL.


This article investigated the effects and mechanisms of military service on health outcomes of Chinese elderly men aged 60 and older. While numerous studies explored the effect of military service on health in developed countries, we still knew little about the relationship between military service and later health outcomes in developing countries such as China. Using the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we found that military service is positively associated with better health outcomes of the elderly, in terms of physical health, cognitive abilities, and self-rated health. In addition, results of mechanism analysis show that, compared with nonveterans, elderly veterans had healthier habits, better education, higher individual and household income, and more favorable social medical security.Moreover, heterogeneity analysis indicates that this effect is more pronounced for older, rural, and spouseless elderly people. This article provided insights into elderly veterans' health security measures in developing countries.


AD Introduction to the ideaa and current itate of weak acaJe uiper- aymmetry la given. It la ihown that LEP data on Z decaya haa already excluded two of the moat elegant modela of weak icale auperaymmetry.


The machine(1) has a spray boom (4) comprising two distinct sections (9, 9', 10, 10') having nozzles (11, 11', 12, 12'), where the distance between the nozzles is continuously varied using hydraulic cylinders. The spray boom comprises right and left parts (5, 5') that extend on right and left sides of the spraying machine, respectively. The right and left parts of the spray boom are respectively hinged together with hinge pins (6, 6') comprising hinge arms (7, 8, 7', 8'). An independent claim is also included for a method for spraying pesticides and herbicides utilizing a spraying machine.


As a first step toward a better understanding of tritium behavior in the cooling system of fast breeder reactors, and for the development of a method of removing tritium from the system, experiments were conducted to determine the permeation of hydrogen and deuterium through detectors of nickel membrane type, with which information was gained on deuterium behavior in the sodium loop. The rates of permeation through the detector shown by hydrogen and deuterium added to evacuated loop were found to be reciprocally proportional to the square root of the mass ratio between hydrogen and deuterium. When the detector was immersed in sodium, the permeation flux of deuterium through it proved to be dependent on the temperature of the cold trap. An Arrhenius plot of this temperature dependency indicated a slope identical with that of hydrogen solubility in sodium; the slope was also common with that obtained with evacuated loop containing deuterium gas.


In this paper, conserved quantities of the discrete hungry Lotka-Volterra (dhLV) system are derived.
Our approach is based on the Lax representation of the dhLV system, which expresses the time evolution of the dhLV system as a similarity transformation on a certain square matrix.
Thus, coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of this matrix constitute conserved quantities of the dhLV system.
These coefficients are calculated explicitly through a recurrence relation among the characteristic polynomials of its leading principal submatrices.
The conserved quantities of the discrete hungry Toda (dhToda) equation is also derived with the help of the Backlund transformation between the dhLV system and the dhToda equation.


for the members of one SRP are the same as for any SRP, as long as they are both part of 'the R category collection'. However, even for the specific SRP of professional caregiver–child, the rights and obligations of the caregiver are certainly not the same as those of the child. This book contains some potentially interesting findings, such as the way that signs of distress from a child can take priority over a teacher's current activities. These are buried, though, beneath an avalanche of 'predefined ideas' such as R and K collections, SRPs and epistemic status.


This article presents an approach to STEM education for secondary and high school students proposed by currently ongoing STEM4youth project (SWAFT, H2020, www.stem4youth.eu ). The approach is a result of cooperation and a joint research of 10 European organizations, having deep expertise in science education and science promotion. The ultimate project ambition is to develop educational content and teaching scenarios which in effect will make science education and scientific career more attractive for young peoples. To meet this goal, the project places the STEM education in a broader societal and economy context claiming that education should primarily response to the labor market demands and address concrete societal challenges not directly associated with science. The project seeks to produce a comprehensive, multidisciplinary series of educational content courses presenting key STEM disciplines' topics to support young people formal and informal education (extracurriculum activities, science festivals, university organized lectures and open, web-accessible selfstudy materials). The content is organized around 6 STEM disciplines: Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy, Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine. For each discipline 7-9 challenges (1-2 hours lessons/lectures/ demonstrations / hands-on activities) are being developed, which were identified as the most important to boost the creativity, competitiveness and innovativeness. The challenges will be largely presented through their practical applications and their impact on our everyday life and work. A range of formal and informal methodologies and tools are being employed to present the scientific challenges in an attractive way (learning by experiment, gaming, citizen science at schools) Also it will be shown which specific skills and competence STEM education develops and how these skills address the current and future European labour market needs. In the effect, the project provides a helicopter view of STEM disciplines and job characteristics associated with these disciplines to help young people in taking conscious decisions on their future (a subject of interest, field of study and finally career path to pursue). The article presents how the abovementioned general ideas could be practically implemented in STEM education proposing how to harmonize educational content from different areas, how to structure the courses and finally how to provide practical guidelines for teachers to help them to conduct multidisciplinary lessons in a responsive, interactive manner.


In this paper, we report ATLASTM simulation model of a mid-infrared laser diode based on InAsSb/InAsSbP material system suitable for use as a source for free space optical communication system at 3.7μm. The proposed laser diode structure has been characterized in terms of doping profile, electric field profile, current-voltage characteristics and output light intensity. The outcomes of the ATLASTM simulation studies have been compared with the reported experimental results.


Rocket-borne electron beam experiments confirmed earlier observations of fast magnetospheric echoes of artificially injected energetic electrons. A total of 234 echoes were observed at pitch angles from 9 to 10 deg at energies of 1.87 and 3.90 keV. Of these, 102 echoes are unambiguously related to preceding accelerator operations at 2, 4 or 8 keV energy and highest current levels resulting in the determination of transit times of typically 300 to 400 msec. When echoes are present in both energy channels, higher energy electrons lead lower energy ones by 50 to 70 msec. Adiabatic theory applied to the observations yields a reflection height of 3000 to 4000 km.


We face major and intimately interlinked problems of population, environment, and development. They are so profound and pervasive that they surely represent a uniquescale challenge for Humankind. The issues and policy responses will preoccupy the best understanding on the part of political leaders and scientists alike during the planning process leading up to the United Nations Conference on Population and Development which is to be held in Cairo from 5–13 September 1994. Scientific aspects are to be addressed at an earlier conference that is to be attended by representatives of some 80 of the world's academies in New Delhi in late October 1993. The present paper reviews the principal factors and analyses relating to the three problems, with emphasis upon their interactive relationships. It concludes with an extended list of strategies to reduce both population growth and environmental degradation—twin challenges to be tackled within a framework of sustainable development, to which both will make critical contributions.


AD-HOC copes with the problem of multiple people tracking in video surveillance in presence of large occlusions. The main novelty is the adoption of an appearance-based approach in a formal Bayesian framework: the status of each object is defined at pixel level, where each pixel is characterized by the appearance, i.e. the color (integrated along the time) and the likelihood to belong to the object. With these data at pixel-level and a probability of non-occlusion at object-level, the problem of occlusions is addressed. The method does not aim at detecting the presence of an occlusion only, but classifies the type of occlusion at a sub-region level and evolve the status of the object in a selective way. The AD-HOC tracking has been tested in many application for indoor and outdoor surveillance. Results on PETS2006 test set are reported where many people and abandoned objects are detected and tracked.


In p-adaptive finite element analysis, the large, sparse matrix that arises can be block structured according to the hierarchical level of the unknowns. A multilevel preconditioner for the matrix is a V-cycle that starts by applying Gauss-Seidel to the highest level, then the next level down, and so on. On the other side of the V, Gauss-Seidel is applied in the reverse order. At the bottom of the V is the lowest order system, which typically is solved exactly with a direct solver. However, for a complex geometry even the lowest order system may be too large for direct factorization. Here an alternative is proposed: to continue the V-cycle downwards, first into a set of auxiliary, node-based spaces, then through a series of progressively smaller matrices generated by an algebraic multigrid method. The smallest matrix is solved by factorization. The method is applied to p-adaptive analysis of a five-resonator iris filter, a split-ring resonator loaded waveguide, a "buckyball" metallic frame surrounding a conducting sphere, and a noncommensurate frequency selective surface. Tetrahedral elements up to fourth order are used. The largest matrix has over 12 million rows and 0.6 billion nonzero entries.


It is a very complex problem that reliability analysis of the beam plate type structural systems is carried out under the effect of several random variables (basic random variables such as member area,thickness,material's modulus of elasticity,loads and strength etc.).In this paper,the key problems are researched about the reliability analysis,i.e.we established the safety margins contained basic variable with the distinct concept,explained the analysis approach based on the stochastic finite element method and given the calculate formulae of the reduced member stiffness matrix and the opposite sign of the equivalent nodal force with failure occurred at beam-member or plate-member.Finally,a calculation of an example is presented,explaining the application by this means.


Market orientation is abasic principal of agricultural structure adjustmentThe dynamic consumption and change of demand of agricultural products cause the constant adjustment of agricultural structureTo carry out the adjustment of agricultural structure the development of national economy must be taken into alcount The results show that animal husbandry and fishery development are more depend on national economic development,meanwhile the strnctural difference betmeen the two production sectors tends to becone greater


The Problem To address national issues associated with societal development, many countries are recognizing the need to educate individuals who will lead developmental initiatives. While many previous studies have been conducted to examine how and what content of human resource development (HRD) has been taught in Western countries, similar research efforts have been rarely conducted in Asian countries such as South Korea. The lack of comparative study creates a research gap in understanding how HRD programs have been designed and implemented in different countries. The Solution In an effort to meet this research need, this study investigates the current status of graduate HRD programs and what constitutes the field of HRD in South Korea. The Stakeholders Stakeholders are faculty members who are teaching in HRD programs in South Korea, HRD practitioners in South Korean organizations, and cross-cultural researchers focusing on curriculum studies.


Anaemia is global public health problem with prevalence higher among low-income countries. The prohibitive cost of treatment has continued to fuel interest in the screening of medicinal plants for their anti-anemic potentials. This study is aimed at comparing the efficacies of Talinum triangulare, Telfairia occidentalis and Amaranthus hybridus on 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) induced anaemic Wistar rats. The study was conducted using 45 male adult Wistar rats. Anaemia was induced using a 10 days oral administration of DNPH. The animals were treated using 30 and 60mg/kg ethanolic leaf extracts and a standard anti-anaemic drug. Haematological parameters were analyzed using standard automated methods. Results from this study indicate that treatment with ethanolic leaf extracts of T. Triangulare , T. Occidentalis and A. Hybridus all caused significant increase in the mean values of PCV, HGB, RBC, MCH, MCHC and MCV compared with the untreated anaemic rats(P<0.05). A. Hybridus caused the highest percentage increase in PCV(59.7%), HGB(48.4%), MCH(18.7%), MCV(32.6%), followed by T. Occidentalis and T. Triangulare in a decreasing order. Also, T. Triangulare and A. Hybridus caused a significant reduction in the values of WBC compared to the untreated animals (p<0.05) while the ethanolic extract of T. Occidentalis caused a significant increase in WBC compared to the untreated animals (p<0.05). Only etA. Hybridus significantly raised platelet count compared with the untreated anaemic animals (p<0.05). The present study has further validated the anti-anaemic potentials of the individual extracts of T. Triangulare , T. Occidentalis and A. Hybridus while showing their various degrees of efficacy.


It is essential for sustainable development that the women should be onboard and they must enjoy the same opportunities, outcomes, rights and obligations in all spheres of life. They must have ability to control their own lives according to their own wishes. But in Pakistan the women are living in miserable conditions and they are visible marginalized group that need an urgent consideration. In this article the situation of women in South Punjab has been discussed quantitatively specially with reference to the customary practices. Violence against women is discussed and the elements of the society that are responsible for this are also elaborated. There is a comparison of two important years 2007 and 2008 and the outcomes of the initiatives that were taken in this time period are elaborated. The article also discusses the media coverage and its response to the evils of the society. It also shows the varying trends of the violence against women in South Punjab. The situation of gender sensitive issues and their reflection in the society is also a main concern of this article and the quantitative data analysis methodology is adopted in this paper.


The Optical clocking has emerged as an innovative alternative approach to the electrical clocking, in order to overcome the difficulties associated with electrical interconnects in the synchronization of high-performance multi-GHz microprocessors. Because the on-chip optical interconnect must be embedded in current Si microprocessors, the optical clocking requires that the electronic-photonic integrated circuits (EPIC) consisting of Si-based photonic devices be developed on Si CMOS platform. We have identified the H-tree waveguide network and waveguide-integrated photodetectors as key photonic devices required for intrachip optical clocking for microprocessors. We have demonstrated successful optical signal distribution through SiON, waveguide H-tree network with 64 fanouts. A variable bending radius approach in H-tree design was used to optimize the performance of the optical clock signal distribution. The conventional y-splitter showed significant optical loss and unequal power-splitting ratio, which becomes increasingly problematic as the number of levels of a H-tree network increases and can result in increased skew. We devised a novel extended offset splitter, which reduced the splitting loss to < 3% and demonstrated 49:51 power split ratio. We have fabricated Si vertical p-i-n photodetectors that are monolithically integrated with compact silicon-oxynitride channel waveguides. 830nm light guided by the waveguide was coupled to the photodetector through evanescent-wave coupling. We measured over 90% coupling efficiency. A two-step process that consists of 1) mode-coupling from a guided mode in the input waveguide to a leaky mode in the waveguide in contact with photodetector and 2) gradual evanescent wave coupling from waveguide towards photodetector, was a main coupling mechanism in the case of coupling with lower index-contrast waveguide, in contrast to high index-contrast waveguide case where coupling occurred nearly instantly at the front part of photodetector. It was shown that intentional introduction of an abrupt step in the waveguide at the transition interface to coupling region can improve mode-matching efficiency. It is beneficial to design photodetectors made of a thin absorbing layer from SOI or GOI(Germanium On Insulator) structures, in order to achieve the high speed and optical isolation. We studied the evanescent wave coupling behavior between silicon oxynitride (SiON) waveguides and thin Si photodetectors on SOI substrate at 850nm wavelength. We developed a simple and intuitive Leaky-Mode model using a ray-optics approach to determine the conditions for efficient coupling both in 2D and 3D structures. It is shown that the presence of leaky modes that are phasematched between the waveguide and the Si layer is the key condition for efficient coupling. The study showed that the Si layer thickness is the most critical factor that needs precise design and process control in this structure. With higher An (= ncore ncladding) waveguide design, the coupling rate to the Si layer is enhanced and becomes less sensitive to the Si layer thickness. Therefore, the change in coupling rate as a function of the Si layer thickness shows a sharp resonance-like dependence with low An waveguide design and a more muted oscillation-like dependence with high An waveguide. Although Ge photodetectors have received great attention recently due to their absorption capability at longer wavelengths such as 1550nm and the compatibility with Si CMOS, the development of waveguide-integrated Ge photodetectors have remained an imperative but unaccomplished task. We developed Ge photodetectors monolithically integrated with silicon oxynitride and silicon nitride waveguides deposited on top of the photodetectors. High efficiency (1.08A/W) and high-speed ( > 12 Gbit/s) performances were obtained. The Si CMOS-compatible detector devices retain their high performances even at low operation voltages, thus satisfying the low-voltage requirement of CMOS circuits, and have leakage currents that are low enough to meet the requirement of high-speed receiver designs. We also fabricated Ge photodetectors integrated with Si waveguides on SOI substrate. After the Si waveguide was formed on SOI substrate, Ge was selectively grown on a p+ doped area of Si waveguide and then a vertical p-i-n photodetector was formed by a n+ poly silicon. We have demonstrated the responsivity of 0.227 A/W and the 3dB frequency of 1.3 GHz. Based on the understandings on waveguide-to-photodetector coupling obtained from experimental and theoretical studies, we present an evanescent coupling design map for Si photonics materials. Some novel designs of integrated photodetectors are presented. Potential prototype structures for intrachip optical clock signal distribution system are discussed. Thesis Supervisor: Lionel C. Kimerling Title: Thomas Lord Professor of Materials Science and Engineering


The utility model discloses an anti-reflection touch screen which comprises a touch screen panel made of glass or transparent plastic films, an anti-reflection film plated on the touch screen panel and a sensor adhered to the other surface of the touch screen panel, and the sensor is used for touch control. The anti-reflection film comprises a plurality of SiO2 layers and TiO2 layers or Nb2O5 layers. After the anti-reflection film is added, the reflectivity of the surface of the touch screen panel to visible light can be notably lowered, and the light transmittance of the touch screen is increased.


Objective: In this article, the author uses the leitmotifs inherent in a critically acclaimed film and in the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas as a backdrop for discussion around how we encounter the humanity in the Other and its particular relevance for psychiatry. She proceeds to describe the existential underpinnings of psychodrama and demonstrates how she has been directing a psychodrama group, 'Theatre of Life', which has been operating for well over a decade within a public mental health system, acute inpatient unit. Through the ensuing discussion, she illustrates how the humanistic ethic of 'welcoming the Other' is actualised in the 'here-and now' of the psychodrama group psychotherapy process. Conclusions: A thematic analysis derived from group-members' evaluation of each session illuminates their felt sense depicting the ethic in action.


Since the jitter frequency of incident laser beam becomes higher in the 'Common Path/Common Mode' (CP/CM) system due to the guiding system added to the laser module, the current laser-beam stabilizing control with hartmannshack sensor is not enough. As we all know, better beam stabilizing control effect requires higher detecting frequency. Generally, the detecting frequency of hartmann-shack sensor in the CP/CM system is far lower than the far-field spot. So we want to use the far-field spot of the SARA to feedback instead of the hartmann-shack sensor. In this work, we study the far-field spot of a 61-unit SARA from the CP/CM system. We ratiocinate the process of the simulation based on Fresnel diffraction and Fourier optics. Comparison between standard far-field spot and the far-field spot from sixty one units SARA based on duty ratio of the retro reflectors and different wavefront tilts aberrations is given, while the wavefront is given in zernike model.


It observes that progress towards greater autonomy has been slow and difficult and relates this to unresolved issues pertaining to three underlying analytic questions: from whom, for whom and for or over what is autonomy being sought? This paper by W.G. Sanders and W.S. Arthur argues that there have been, and still are, difficult unresolved issues relating to all three questions which Torres Strait Islanders need to address if autonomy is to be progressed. It also argues that the Australian federal system can accommodate greater autonomy in Torres Strait, though it will require some real innovation in Australian federal governance. In recent years, Torres Strait Islanders have made a number of calls for greater governmental autonomy within the Australian federal system. This paper examines a number of these calls and government responses to them. It observes that progress towards greater autonomy has been slow and difficult and relates this to unresolved issues pertaining to three underlying analytic questions: from whom, for whom and for or over what is autonomy being sought? This paper by W.G. Sanders and W.S. Arthur argues that there have been, and still are, difficult unresolved issues relating to all three questions which Torres Strait Islanders need to address if autonomy is to be progressed. It also argues that the Australian federal system can accommodate greater autonomy in Torres Strait, though it will require some real innovation in Australian federal governance.


of ongoing longer-term methods thereafter, this study by L'Engle et al. shows that this is not always so. Their study of Ghanaian women, who purchased ECPs from pharmacies, shows that the majority used ECPs as their regular method to avoid pregnancy, with more than half of the 24 study subjects having used it between four and seven times in the preceding 12 months. Ignorance and misconceptions about modern contraceptives, like pills and long-acting methods, and fear of side effects emerged as the main deterrents to adopting such methods. Future interventions need to focus on basic contraceptive education. See page 146


The social insurance system in Shanghai generally includes three aspects after the abolishment of Rural Social Insurance: Urban Social Insurance,Town Social Insurance and the Immigrant Laborer Social Insurance.In pace with the further development of industrialization and urbanization,the labor market is inevitably to be united.Therefore,an integrated social insurance system covering all the laborers is necessary.However,the present different and separated social insurance systems based on the laborers' different identities is obviously no longer adaptable to the requirements of economic and social development.The most import task for the Shanghai social insurance system reformation is to reconstruct the current social insurance system structure and promote the connection of different social insurance system.


Background: Mesenchymal tumors are part of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms.

Objectives: The present study investigated the clinicopathological properties and surgical outcomes of patients with gastric mesenchymal tumors who underwent surgical treatment.

Methods: This study included all cases who underwent surgical treatment for mesenchymal tumors in Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Turkey, between August 2020 and August 2022. The demographic data and clinical properties of the patients, operative details, postoperative assessments, pathological specifications of the tumor, and immunohistochemical analysis results were evaluated.

Results: The study included 14 patients, 57% of whom were male. Patients had a mean age of 59.7±9.3 years. The most frequent American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was ASA 2 in 10 (72%) patients, and the mean hemoglobin level was 12±1.9 g/dl. All patients underwent wedge resection, 5 (35.7%) by a minimally invasive method. The mean duration of operation was 98.9±29.4 min. There were no intraoperative complications, conversions, or postoperative mortalities, and the mean duration of hospital stay was 6.2±3.2 days. One patient made an unplanned re-admission to the hospital due to inadequate oral intake. As an adjuvant treatment, three patients were prescribed imatinib. The tumor location was most frequently the corpus in 5 (36%) patients, and the mean tumor diameter was 62±35.2 mm. Stromal tumors were the most common histological type in 10 (72%) patients, and the other histological types were leiomyoma in 3 (21%) and pancreatoblastoma in 1 (7%) patient. The median and maximum Ki-67 index were 3 and 80, respectively, and the median and maximum mitotic index were 3 and 18, respectively. The number of dissected lymph nodes was nine in one patient and five in another. The surgical margin was positive in one patient, and no patient had a perforated tumor.

Conclusion: Among the different types of mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal system, which are rare, stromal tumors are the most common histological type. Gastric mesenchymal tumors can be safely treated with wedge resection, an approach that is associated with low postoperative morbidity and mortality.


Abstract Twelve lineages of the chinook salmon embryo cell line (CHSE-214) were tested for susceptibility to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), and Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV). Significantly lower susceptibility was seen to IHNV in 1 of 12 lineages to VHSV in 7 of 12 lineages, to IPNV in 4 of 12, and to OMV in 0 of 12. These results indicated that test sensitivity (i.e., the probability of a true positive test result when infection is present) can be compromised by cell-lineage-related factors that potentially introduce greater numbers of false-negative results.


The global trend towards comprehensive digitization of technologies in product manufacturing leadings to radical changes in engineering processes and requires a new, expanded understanding in the handling of data. Especially in large interdisciplinary projects with several subprojects, the use of a research data management (RDM) system is necessary. This paper describes the concept to realise a FDM system according to FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data principles and using open source systems. The approach is explained on the example of a digital machine park within the Collaborative Research Centre Oxygen-free production (CRC 1368).


Depletion of non-renewable energy sources with the increasing demand in electricity and also to avoid islanding condition an efficient and sustained source of energy becoming mandatory. This paper focuses on mathematical modeling and simulation of PV module with boost converter interconnected with AC Load. MPPT algorithm named Perturb & Observer technique is implemented in boost converter to extract maximum possible power from PV module which in turn depends on solar irradiance and temperature. This work lead to utilize the renewable solar energy at a large scale by interconnecting PV module and AC Load while extracting constant maximum power from module. This paper will review existing approaches on MPPT algorithms. PV module of 5.5 kw is converted into AC and fed to AC Load. P-V and I-V characteristics are obtained by modeling mathematically for data sheet "Sun Power SPR-305WHT-U Solar panel in MATLAB code. The output waveforms for power output from PV module before and after implementation of MPPT algorithm are analyzed through MATLAB Simulation.


Wireless sensor networking research has been mainly focused on internal wireless sensor network issues such as MAC and routing protocols, energy saving, HW design and to some extent on the architecture of gateways that connect a wireless sensor network with the rest of the world. Wireless sensor networks have been seen as dedicated to one task by one owner. On the other hand, our research is focused on integration of wireless sensor networks into existing networks, primarily mobile ones, and provision of sensor based and/or enhanced services to remote users. Therefore, we have been working on designing an architecture that utilizes the existing infrastructure to interconnect independent wireless sensor networks and to provide data aggregation and actuator control services. In the proposed architecture, sensor networks (small or large, deployed for any purpose and by anyone) represented by their gateways are treated as leaf nodes hanging off a mobile or fixed network that use these networks to interact with remote and local users. Each gateway exposes the capabilities of its sensors, actuators and the sensor network as a whole. This information is used by sensor services middleware to query/command sensor ecosystems on behalf of applications and remote users interested in sensor measurements or actuator control. The details of the interaction between the gateways and its sensors/actuators are of no interest to the remote users. Further, we consider the whole wireless sensor networking landscape as an open market where the underlying mobile and fixed networks facilitate the interaction between the sensor networks and the consumers of the information they produce. Each sensor network is first of all a sensor information provider that offers specific sensor information defined by the type of available sensors and their spatial and temporal conditions to the interested users. Secondly, each sensor network provides actuation services that may potentially affect the information gathered by its sensors. Obviously, in such an environment, where many mobile users are acting as tiny information providers, service discovery, service composition, service provisioning and service authorization are very challenging problems. These problems are addressed in the proposed architecture by introducing a middle layer that aggregates information from all small information providers and provides higher level services to the end users. This layer provides the means to quickly add or remove sensors, actuators, sensor networks, sensor network providers, to modify and enhance the existing or add completely new services utilizing the underlying infrastructure. It could be thought of as a "plug-and-play" functionality for: (a) interconnecting different existing sensor networks; (b) adding new sensor networks which facilitate the expansion of the entire system; and (c) expanding the capability of individual sensor networks.


Kinetic data for the anionic polymerization of bulk neopentylethylene oxide were determ ined. The initiator used for this study was potassium t-butoxide. Polymerization runs were made at temperatures of 39 .9 , 60.0 and 80.3°C using monomer to initiator ratios of 50/1 and 20 /1 . The polymerization reaction was found to follow pseudo first order kinetics up to about 60% polymerization and second order after t h i s . The energy of activation for the propagation reaction was found to be 17.4 ± 1.2 K cal/m ole and 18.5 + 1.5 K cal/m ole, respectively , for the pseudo first order and second order portions of the polymerization. The value for the energy of activation should-be constant at different degrees of polymerization and these two values are the same within experimental error. The highly negative entropy (-25.9 ± 3 . 6 cal/m oledeg @ 60.0°C) indicated that the transition state was very sterically hindered which is typical for S^2 type reactions. There was evidence that chain transfer was taking place because of the difference in the experimentally determined and calculated number average molecular w eights. The rate of chain transfer was found to decrease as the percent polymerization increased. The change in the ii R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission. reaction medium as the polymerization proceeded was thought to cause th is change in chain transfer ra te . The rate of chain transfer was found to be slower than the rate of polymerization therefore it had a higher energy of activation . The energy of activation for the chain transfer reaction was determined to be 21.5 ± 1 . 5 K cal/m ole at about 75% conversion. Neopentylethylene oxide was also polymerized using potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, rubidium t-butoxide and zinc chloride as in itia to rs . These runs were made to find out how fast the poly merization would proceed, what type of polymer would be obtained and what the molecular weight of the resulting polymer would b e . Attempts were made to prepare optically active neopentylethylene oxide. Methods that were tried for this preparation were; gas chromato graphy, d istilla tion , crystallization and stereoselective reactions. However the optically active monomer could not be prepared by any of the methods tr ied . Gas chromatographic columns with optically active packing were used to try and separate the enantiomers of neopentylethylene oxide and the enantiomers of the bromohydrin, 4,4-dim ethyl-l-brom o2-pentanol. Gas chromatography was also used to try and separate iii R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission. the diastereom ers that resulted when _l-menthoxyacetic acid was reacted with the d,_l-bromohydrin. In th is reaction and in the following reactions only the purified secondary alcohol bromohydrin was u se d . Attempts were also made to try and separate these diastereomers by vacuum distilla tion . Optically active neopentylethylene oxide could then be prepared from the resolved bromohydrin or diastereom ers by reacting with potassium hydroxide. Neither the enantiomers or the diastereomers could be re solved by any of the gas chromatograph or distillation methods that were tr ied . n Stereoselective reactions were a lso tried with the bromohydrin. The d*l-bromohydrin was reacted with_l-menthoxyacetic acid in one attempted separation and with cinchonine in another to try and obtain a partial re  solution of the enantiom ers. However the unreacted bromohydrin did not show any optical activity in either of these reactions. Resolution by crystallization was to be tried by reacting the d^-brom ohydrin with phthalic anhydride. The resulting half es ters would then be reacted with an alkaloid to form two diastereomers that might be separated by crysta llization . However because of difficulty encountered with the reaction of bromohydrin with phthalic anhydride this method was not pursued very thoroughly and the actual crystallization was never tried . R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission.


The purpose of this study was to identify the conditions of neighborhood facilities for the elderly, paying special attention to the accelerated aging...


Abstract Facile syntheses of two naturally occurring pyranoflavanoids, 3′,4′-methylenedioxy-2″,2″-dimethylpyrano-[5″,6″:7,8]-flavone (1) and (±)-ponganone III (2), have been achieved through the key intermediate chromene 6 by a DDQ-induced oxidative cyclization.


The Al tolerance of newly developed wheat/barley disomic addition, substitution and translocation lines carry chromosomes of three different barley cultivars was evaluated by comparing the root growth in solution containing 75 μM AlCl3 at pH 4.0 to that of known Al-tolerant and sensitive wheat genotypes. The wheat Asakaze komugi, barley Manas cultivars and their hybrid derivatives were found to have high levels of Al tolerance. The wheat line Mv9kr1, barley cultivar Igri and progenies of the hybrids were sensitive to Al. In most cases, the Al tolerance of the wheat/barley introgression lines derived from Al-sensitive wheat Mv9kr1 and barley Betzes with moderate Al tolerance was similar to that of the wheat parents, but the 2DS.2DL-1HS translocation line of Mv9kr1/Betzes exhibited more intensive root growth, while accumulating less Al than the parental lines. This indicates that either the lack of the distal part of chromosome 2DL or the presence of the distal part of 1HS improved the Al tolerance level.


Summary Single‐lung anaesthesia for thoracotomy is usually achieved with endobronchial intubation, a double‐lumen tube or an endobronchial blocker. High‐frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is seldom described for thoracotomy in children, although it is used for both laryngology procedures in the operating room and as a ventilation mode in intensive care. HFJV was used in three children, aged 10–12 years, who presented for scoliosis correction involving thoracotomy. The jet ventilation catheter was passed through a tracheal tube to reduce the risk of outflow obstruction and allow a smooth conversion to intermittent positive‐pressure ventilation when required. Mean airway pressures measured at the tip of the HFJV catheter were at or below 4 cmH2O. Surgical opening of the nondependent lung pleura resulted in sufficient collapse of the pulmonary parenchyma with the patient in the lateral decubitus position for the surgical procedure. Arterial blood gas analyses performed during thoracotomy were within normal limits, with no CO2 retention. HFJV is an alternative ventilation strategy for thoracotomy in children because of its unique ability to deliver small tidal volumes at low mean airway pressures via a narrow catheter.