A screen monitor system was developed for beam profile monitors at the new High-Energy Beam-Transport (HEBT) section out the HIMAC. This monitor consists of the very thin fluorescent screen and the high-speed CCD camera. In addition to perform high-speed and highresolution, this monitor does not almost destroy the beam.


From the linear stability analysis,the modulational instability (MI) of two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in an optical lattice is studied. The relation of the region of MI with the on-site interaction and the site-to-site interaction induced by the dipole-dipole interaction is obtained. The results show that there is a great influence of site-to-site interaction on the MI of the two-component dipolar BECs in the optical lattices. This gives us some useful information for manipulating two-component dipolar BECs in practice.


The removal of legal "augment" and of the one-quarter of poor spouse is the more obvious changes for widows, but they are not the most important. The end of references to customary law and changes in inheritance rules have more important consequences : the "augment" don't disappear but declines, and claims of widows on husband's property are limited. So Southern families try to reduce impact of the new rules, sometimes to avoid them, and to keep practices as close as possible to the ancient system. But they adopt novelties too if they suit to their needs. The legal conditions of marriage, and of widowhood, will be deeply changed later, from the second half of 19th century, with economic and social transformations, when dotal regime will be forsaken.


Objective:Through the different state of mind,the clinical manifestations of different health guidance for patients with hepatitis B mission,the church itself were nursed back to health,self-care and improve quality of life of hepatitis B patients.Methods:100 patients to establish a good nurse-patient relationship,psychology,diet,medication,rest and exercise activities,disease knowledge,guidance,knowledge,isolation,self-testing,guidance and other missionary hospital,before discharge sampling survey.Results:The patients of 98 cases of self-life satisfaction.Conclusion:Patients nursed back to health on their daily life have a clear understanding of and improve the quality of life.


In 1990s,more and more scholars found that it was difficult to objectively analyze the relationship between entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial activities by simply focusing on solo-entrepreneurs.Thus,they turned their attention to entrepreneurial teams.This paper reviews literatures on entrepreneurial team and tries to explore three important questions in this branch: 1) what is entrepreneurial team? 2) how do the entrepreneurial teams form? 3) how do entrepreneurial teams evolve with the growth of new ventures? In order to answer these questions,this paper explores the formation and evolution of entrepreneurial teams from four perspectives,namely,logics of building entrepreneurial teams,entrepreneurial team composition,entrepreneurial team dynamics,and entrepreneurial team turnover.With significant findings,this paper provides suggestions for future research.


Speakers at the symposium discussed job opportunities for women in the fields of science and engineering and difficulties faced by women in these professions.


. The technology of recycling of polymer-coated paper waste is described. Physical and chemical properties of fibers obtained from wallpaper wastes and from their derivative compositions were investigated. A special crusher with primary and secondary grinding stages and with a section for separating paper fibers from polymer coating was designed. Industrial trials of cellulose obtained from wallpaper wastes for the asbestos cement sheets manufacturing were held. Its impact on the quality and physical and mechanical properties of sheets was shown. Methods of thermogravimetry, microscopy, and differential thermal, infrared spectral and chemical analysis were applied to investigate cellulose fibers derived from recycled wallpaper. Their properties were compared to the natural cellulose and polyvinylacetate fibers, which are used in the production of asbestos cement sheets.


An iterative source-channel decoding scheme which exploits the source residual redundancies on symbol-basis is proposed. We first derive a modified BCJR algorithm based on the sectionalized code trellis for symbol decoding of the convolutional codes. This is used in conjunction with a softbit source decoder that computes the interpolative a posteriori probabilities of quantizer indexes. Simulation results indicate that our proposed scheme can achieve significant improvement over the conventional bit-level schemes.


The physico-chemical properties of apricot kernel proteins before and after detoxification treatments with water and ammonium hydroxide were determined. Water treatment shifted the λmax to 278 nm while ammonium hydroxide has no effect. Fluorescence spectrum showed emission red shift and quenching for both detoxification treatments. Sedimentation velocity pattern of the untreated proteins contained two peaks having S20,w values of 6.8S and 11.1S. Detoxified kernels showed aggregates of 15.4S and 16.9S due to water and ammonium hydroxide treatment, respectively. Gel filtration pattern consisted of three peaks for all samples, meanwhile ion-exchange chromatography showed an additional peak. HPLC, SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing-PAGE proved dissociation of the high molecular weight proteins as well as removal of the low molecular weight protein fractions due to detoxification treatments.


Based on the SCP frame of modern industrial organization, the paper analyses the present situation of China venture capital industry from areas of market structure,market conduct and market performance.It proposes that the government should try to establish a reasonable industrial policy environment for the development of venture capital industry through regulating the market structure and improving the market performance.


Australian Institute for Health and Welfare (2017) Hospitalisations for Mental Health Conditions and Intentional Self-Harm in 2014– 15. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Australian Institute for Health and Welfare. Horvath J (2014) Review of Medicare Locals: Report to the Minister for Health and Minister for Sport. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Australian Government. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (2016) GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA: Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington. Available at: http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare (accessed 27 October 2017). Page A, Taylor R, Gunnell D, et al. (2011) Effectiveness of Australian youth suicide prevention initiatives. British Journal of Psychiatry 199(5): 423–429.


This paper discusses on the influence of network economy on the development of accounting from espacts of accounting calculation, accounting payoff method, accounting information storage, accounting function transformation, accountant quality and others.


In technology-enhanced classrooms, due to the affordances of technologies, English Language Learners (ELLs) are moving between learning spaces; boundaries are never clear. Questions arise with regards to how students' non-sanctioned experiences might mediate classroom learning. Using a multiliteracies (New London Group, 2000) and learning by design (Cope & Kalantzis, 2015) theoretical lens, this ethnographic case study explores the technology-enhanced learning experiences of Grade 6 ELLs. Data including field observations, artifacts, and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis (Saldaña, 2016). Findings of this study indicate that ELL students were engaged in learning experiences that encouraged them to mobilize their known (knowledge) across learning spaces.


ABSTRACT The structure and protonation level of the chemically synthesized 2-chloroaniline and 2-iodoaniline homopolymers and their copolymers with aniline have been studied. the results indicate there is no elimination of the substituent group and the polymerization probably occurs at the para-position. the protonation level of the copolymers decreases substantially when the fraction of substituted aniline units is above 0.5, and the electrical conductivity of the copolymers decreases rapidly with an increase in the fraction of substituted aniline units. the protonation level is also lower when HCl rather than H2SO4 is used as the protonating acid species, and a significant fraction of the chlorine incorporated is covalently bonded to the polymer. the Nls core-level spectra of the copolymer and the haloaniline homopolymer bases reveal that their imine/amine ratio is substantially lower than that of the polyaniline base. the copolymers show partial solubility in chloroform, but the electrical conductivity...


This report updates information on teen and senior drivers published in earlier California Department of Motor Vehicles' reports, "Teen Driver Facts" (Huston, 1986), "Senior Driver Facts" (Huston & Janke, 1986), and "Teen and Senior Drivers" (Romanowicz & Gebers, 1990; Gebers, Romanowicz, & McKenzie, 1993). The information is meant to assist highway safety administrators in making program and policy decisions affecting teen and senior drivers, and may also be of use to the insurance industry, traffic safety researchers, and the general public. The report also summarizes research on risk-taking and alcohol consumption among teen drivers and on the increase in impairment of driving-related abilities among senior drivers. Countermeasures for teen and senior drivers are also discussed.


In the second in this series looking at short wavelength light and its impact on ocular structures, Coralie Barrau, Amelie Kudla and Melanie Tessieres continue their review of the evidence for cell damage by incident radiation.


We have designed and made a computer controlled, electrocutaneously stimulated, tactile display to assist in the interpretation of complex graphical data. This paper covers the initial experiments with the tactile display, complementing the standard VDU. An animated vector was generated and the absolute tactile directional acuity of the observers was measured. Consideration is given as to how the use of animated tactile data would enhance graphical user interfaces for the visually impaired.


We present a successful design for a high-performance, low-resource-consuming hardware for Support Vector Classification and Support Vector Regression. The system has been implemented on a low cost FPGA device and exploits the advantages of parallel processing to compute the feed forward phase in support vector machines. In this paper we show that the same hardware can be used for classification problems and regression problems, and we show satisfactory results on an image recognition problem by SV multiclass classification and on a function estimation problem by SV regression.


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3D-CLSS on image quality of nerves surrounded by CSF and fluid-filled labyrinth when compared with that of 3D-TSE. Methods: The cranial nerves (Ⅶ~Ⅸ) as well as inner ear structures were examined using 3D-CJSS and 3D-TSE sequences respectively, and displayed to the full at the reformatted and maximum intensity projection (MIP) images. The nerve identification and image quality were graded for cranial nerves (Ⅶ~Ⅸ) as well as inner ear structures. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxin test, P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The cisternal and canalicular segments of facial nerves, cisternal and interior canalicular segments of vestibulocochlear nerves, along with cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals were identified with 100% by both sequences. The identification rates for cochlear nerves, superior vestibular nerves, inferior vestibular nerves, glossopharngeal nerves were as follows: 100% in 3D-CISS and 81.2% in 3D-ISE, 100% in 3D-CISS and 51.4% in 3D-TSE, 100% in 3D-CISS and 42.0% in 3D-TSE, 100% in 3D-CISS and 57.1% in 3D-TSE. 3D-CISS images were significantly better for canalicular segments of facial and vestibulocochlear nerves, inner ear labyrinth and glossopharyngeal nerves, and slightly better for cisternal segments of facial and vestibulocochlear nerves. Conclusion: 3D-CISS sequence is preferable when imaging cranial nerves surrounded by CSF or fluid-filled structures.


A ferroelectric crystal can be considered as a (slight) modification of a certain nonferroelectric ideal crystal which is referred to as the "prototype" of the ferroelectric crystal; in crystallographical symmetry, the prototype should be higher than the ferroelectric crystal and equal to the paraelectric phase if possible. With the aid of the preceding studies and by introducing a new postulate on the free energy, which is expected to be generally valid, it is shown theoretically that there are, in all, 55 possible species of ferro-electrics as distinguished according to the point group of the prototype and the total number and orientation of the equivalent unique ferroelectric directions. This theory demands, as a revision of conclusions in previous studies, that 28 (FPT222(2)A2, $\mathrm{FPT}\mathrm{mm}2(1)\mathrm{D}m$, and others) of the 83 species of ferro-paraelectric phase transitions must be impossible, and that three ($i1$-I, $i1$-II, and $\mathrm{im}$) of the 25 kinds of ferroelectrics must be impossible. These theoretical predictions do not conflict with existing observational facts. By the way, the concept of "minor species" is introduced. Some species are able, and sometimes need, to be divided into two or more minor species from a crystallographical point of view. If one minor species is counted as one species, there turn out to be, in all, 67 possible species of ferroelectrics.


We suggest that valence band photoelectron diffraction can be used to decompose a solid's density of states (DOS) into components of different symmetry. This approach is illustrated by breaking down the density of states of aluminum into its s and p components. The results reveal a more s-like DOS at the bottom of the band and a more p-like DOS near the Fermi level, in qualitative agreement with calculations. A quantitative comparison does, however, show that the measured DOS contributions are narrower, i.e., more "atomiclike" than the calculated ones. Possible reasons are discussed.


INTRODUCTION Qaddafi has been described as irrational, impulsive, erratic, unpredictable, quixotic, bizarre, and saturated with insatiable ambition. However, one cannot view the Libyan president through the prism or perspective of Western nations. This paper contends that intrinsic to the relations between the United States and Libya during the Qaddafi regime is the competition for power. In spite of force and the threat of force, and unlike King Idris Al-Sanusi's Libya (1) and many African governments, the Libyan administration of Qaddafi has pursued a foreign policy of confrontation, self- assertion, aggression, and competition for power with the United States. Moreover, after nearly three decades of isolation and containment by the United States, in the end, it was not force but diplomacy that brought about a resolution of the quagmire. Despite his shortcomings, Qaddafi remains a leader to be reckoned with. Intrinsic to the relations between the United States and Libya is the competition for power. Traditional political realists like Hans Morgenthau long ago wrote that power is the immediate objective of nations regardless of their ultimate aim of international politics. Therefore, for Morgenthau, international politics, like all politics, is a struggle for power. (2) In view of these two nations, one would also agree that "international politics is a struggle for power not only because of the inherent logic of a competitive realm such as world politics, but also because of the limitless character of the lust for power [which] reveals a general quality of the human mind." (3) However, critics like Keohane characterized Morgenthau's conceptualization of world politics as a struggle for power murky, in that it fails to differentiate between power as the capability to influence the behavior of others and power as a resource. (4) Therefore, in the case of Libya, power becomes a resource or a state's national capabilities, which include military, economic, and territorial location, and natural resources. Libya, therefore, employed its national capabilities as an instrument of power, and, in this sense, power becomes a means to reach certain objectives but not an end in itself as the outcome of its use is necessarily uncertain. (5) Waltz would argue that, in relations between states, to use "power is to apply one's capabilities in an attempt to change someone else's behavior in certain ways." (6) During the period under study (1969-2006), Libya sought to maximize its capabilities in order to achieve its goals and defend its interests. Both the United States and Libya, in their dealings with each another, sought to maximize their power in an effort to achieve certain objectives, which included Arabism, prosperity, security and nationalism on the part of Libya, and democracy, freedom, prosperity and security, on the part of the United States. Legally in the international realm, Libya is equal to the United States. Such equality, however, does not extend to the economic, political and military realms. POWER: LIBYA'S RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES In examining Libya's relations with the United States, one set of scholars has approached Libya's foreign policy from the perspective of the psychological determinants of Qaddafi's personality, thus depicting him as an irrational, power hungry, "blood thirsty megalomaniac, whose hegemonic ambitious are limitless and who lacks all sense of perspective and reality." (7) To explain Libya's relations in this manner leaves out the fundamental components and factors that have influenced the country's foreign policy, such as its history, geography, culture, Islamic values, colonialism, neocolonialism and nationalism. To this end, Ruth First argued that "to explain Libya by the temperament, eccentricity, even instability, of Gadafi is to make no meaningful explanation in terms of history and Libyan society." (8) In the opposite spectrum, some scholars have examined Libya's foreign policy from the point of view of Qaddafi's ideological preferences viewing him as rational, devoted to the cause of Arab nationalism, and advocating a variant of utopian socialism as manifested in his Third Universal Theory. …


Curator Concannon comments on intermedia works by 19 performance, installation, and recording artists. The event also included a radio series of artists' audioworks.


The present invention discloses a display device belonging to the field of display technology, in order to solve the resistance of the fan each lead wire is not equal, the display panel technical problems affecting the display uniformity. The display device includes a display panel and a display driving circuit disposed on the periphery of the panel, said driving circuit comprises a plurality of output terminals arranged side by side, corresponding to the driving circuit on the panel is provided with a plurality of output terminals arranged side by side display of said input end, wherein each of said driver circuit output terminal and the display is equal to the resistance between the corresponding input of the panel; or, the drive signal output terminals of the output circuit is gradually increased from the middle to both ends. The present invention may be used in liquid crystal TVs, liquid crystal display, a mobile phone, a tablet computer display device.


A simple and efficient method was developed to synthesize 5H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-10(11H)-yl)(4(1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-yl)phenyl)methanone from Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde and 1-(chloromethyl)-2nitrobenzene as starting materials. A reagent tertbutoxybis(dimethylamino) methane (Bredereck's reagent, TBDMAM) used for selective formation of chalcones. All the compounds obtained were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR and mass analysis. Molecular docking study of the synthesized compounds was showed the best fit with the minimum binding energies of -5.78 kcal/mol.


This research focuses on resistivity index and capillary pressure saturation relationships measured on reservoir sandstones using refined oil and synthetic formation brine. The experiments mimic different displacement processes that could occur during the history of the reservoir: for example, the displacement of water by oil during the initial hydrocarbon migration, the displacement of oil by mud filtrate around the wellbore during drilling, the displacement processes during the formation of transition zones under gravity/capillary forces and during waterflooding. The resistivity index and capillary pressure experiments were performed on UKCS reservoir samples in both "preserved" and cleaned states. Measurements of the same samples in the "preserved" and cleaned states allowed us to study the effect of surface wettability on capillary pressure and resistivity index. Based on the results from special core analysis and geochemical analysis of reservoir and core-extracted fluids, we found that oil wet surfaces in the "preserved" cores were very pervasive and hard to remove even by cleaning with strong solvents. Variations in the capillary pressure and resistivity indices have been observed for the reservoir samples when they were in different states. This has a profound effect on the use of core data for log calibration and reservoir engineering studies. Introduction Wettability and saturation history have an important effect on the distribution of fluids in the pore space as pressures on the oil and water phases change. Capillary pressure, Pc, is defined as the difference between the pressure of the oil, Po, and the pressure on the water phase, Pw, i.e. Pc = Po Pw. Capillary pressure against saturation curves are important in the estimation of connate water volumes, transition zone location and the modelling of oil displacement either by spontaneous water imbibition and/or water injection. Much research is needed to determine the water-oil capillary properties and corresponding electrical resistivities in the full saturation history cycle, particularly for reservoirs showing intermediate and mixed wettability. Standard methods of relating water saturation to electrical resistivity are based on the Archie saturation equation (Archie, 1942) RI R R S t


The intriguing questions concerning gall development refer to the processes of the remodeling of the host plant organ. Such processes involve the restructuring of cell walls and can be influenced by phenolics, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The alterations in cell walls demand the interference in the coupling of cellulose fibrils and hemicelluloses (xyloglucans) at specific stages of gall development. In addition to the functionalities of hemicelluloses in cell wall remodeling, supposedly, xyloglucans and heteromannans can act as reserve carbohydrates, while xylans adjoin rigidity to the secondary cell walls. Developmental traits of the lenticular, fusiform and globoid galls on Inga ingoides (Fabaceae) were analyzed by anatomical, cytometric, histochemical and immunocytochemical tools. Phenolics, IAA, and ROS accumulated in similar gall tissue compartments, and may have influenced the restructuring of hemicelluloses and pectins. Contrary to the expectations, cell wall flexibility regarding the dynamics of xyloglucans and cellulose fibrils does not relate to a temporal scale. The detection of xyloglucans in nutritive cell walls relate to carbohydrate nutritional resources to the galling insect, while xylans were associated to the lignified cell walls. Heteromanans were not detected either in non-galled or galled tissues. The patterns of cell expansion along gall development relied on the relationship among phenolics, ROS and IAA with the hemicelluloses (xyloglucans and xylans) and cellulose fibrils. Although cell wall dynamics is peculiar to each gall morphotype in Inga ingoides, the role of xyloglucans as carbohydrate reserve to the gall inducers constitutes a functional trait common the three morphotypes.


Objective To study the pharmacodynamics of Qingfeiyucuopills. Methods Observed the longest traverse diameter and the longest longitudinal diameter ,and the microstructure of the the Syrian Hamsters flank organ. Results: Middle dosage group,big dosage group,and Retinamidoester group had effect on the flank organs(P0.05). The effect of big dosage group on the flank organs was equal to that of Retinamidoester group(P0.05). Middle dosage,big dosage,and Retinamidoester could significantly decreased thickness of flank organs(P0.05).Conclusion: it can restrain function of flank organs,and influence hyperplasia of flank organs .


Crucial to understanding the factors that govern imaging performance is a rigorous analysis of signal and noise transfer characteristics (e.g., MTF, NPS, and NEQ) applied to a task-based performance metric (e.g., detectability index). This paper advances a theoretical framework for calculation of the NPS, NEQ, and DQE of cone-beam CT (CBCT) and tomosynthesis based on cascaded systems analysis. The model considers the 2D projection NPS propagated through a series of reconstruction stages to yield the 3D NPS, revealing a continuum (from 2D projection radiography to limited-angle tomosynthesis and fully 3D CBCT) for which NEQ and detectability index may be investigated as a function of any system parameter. Factors considered in the cascade include: system geometry; angular extent of source-detector orbit; finite number of views; log-scaling; application of ramp, apodization, and interpolation filters; back-projection; and 3D noise aliasing - all of which have a direct impact on the 3D NEQ and DQE. Calculations of the 3D NPS were found to agree with experimental measurements across a broad range of imaging conditions. The model presents a theoretical framework that unifies 3D Fourier-based performance metrology in tomosynthesis and CBCT, providing a guide to optimization that rigorously considers the system configuration, reconstruction parameters, and imaging task.


I. Mine injury: more than a medical problem II. Mine injuries: an epidemic III. A paucity of data IV. Nature of mine injuries V. The profiles of three victims of anti-personnel mines The soldier The child The rice farmer VI. Specific medical needs First aid! Preoperative care! Surgery! Anaesthesia! Nursing care! Physiotherapy! Personnel! Hospital equipment and medical supplies! Blood for transfusion! Training material VII. Specific needs for rehabilitation of mine victims VIII. The cost of treatment and physical rehabilitation Surgical costs The costs of providing artificial limbs IX. The constraints and examples of how they apply Access! Lack of protection! Security! Political and administrative constraints! Poverty! Lack of educated people and social structure! Lack of funds! "Donor pressure"! Inter-agency rivalry and lack of coordination X. The decision-making process what assistance, where and how? Assessing needs Planning the assistance operation Negotiation: an essential component of the operation Evaluating the project! 14.11.2002 15:45 Assistance for victims of anti-personnel mines: Needs, constraints and strategy


Background
It was recently reported that almost 1000 students across universities in New South Wales were implicated in a scandal involving a "contract cheating" website that ghost-wrote assessment pieces for a fee1. Other universities are not immune to this problem, and reports of contract cheating site use are appearing across the country. Contract cheating has negative implications for Universities and society-at-large, as cheating students who successfully graduate may pursue jobs as underqualified workers.
Aims
To better understand the phenomenon of contract cheating by examining the services offered and the persuasive techniques used by contract cheating websites.
Design and Methods
We conducted an environmental scan of contract cheating sites and compiled a list of the sites that are most frequently returned in site-related searches. We studied these sites for product coverage, domain ownerships, pricing structures, and persuasive techniques.
Results
We found assignment purchase was readily available at affordable prices in multiple formats and subjects. We also established a strong relationship between assignment cost and delivery time. The sites use a range of persuasive techniques, including assurances of quality and rapid provision of personalised support to users.
Conclusions
Contract cheating sites use a sophisticated business model that combines support, availability, and rapid production of products that appear to be personalised. They prey on the vulnerabilities of students and it is possible that naive students may not even realise that using the sites is classed as cheating under university rules. Universities need to establish counter measures that include preventive education for both students and academics to discourage this form of cheating.

References
1. Visentin, L. (2015). MyMaster essay cheating scandal: More than 70 university students face suspension. Sydney Morning Herald. [online] Available at: http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/mymaster-essay-cheating-scandal-more-than-70-university-students-face-suspension-20150312-1425oe.html [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]
2. Clarke, R. and Lancaster, T. (2006). Eliminating the successor to plagiarism? Identifying the usage of contract cheating sites

Proceedings of the Australian Conference on Science and Mathematics Education, The University of Queensland, Sept 28th to 30th, 2016, page X, ISBN Number 978-0-9871834-4-6.


The present invention discloses a peptide or peptide mimetic compounds and pharmaceutically having the structural formula (I) acceptable salt thereof, the substance may be used as GHRP analogs: R1-A1-A2-A3-A4-A5-R2 ( I), wherein: A1 is Aib, Apc or Inp; A2 is D-Bal, D-Bip, D-Bpa, D-Dip, D-1Nal, D-2Nal, D-Ser (Bzl), or D-Trp ; A3 is D-Bal, D-Bip, D-Bpa, D-Dip, D-1Nal, D-2Nal, D-Ser (Bzl), or D-Trp; A4 is 2Fua, Orn, 2Pal, 3Pal, 4Pal , Pff, Phe, Pim, Taz, 2Thi, 3Thi, Thr (Bzl); A5 is Apc, Dab, Dap, Lys, Orn, or deleted; Rl is hydrogen, (C1-6) alkyl, (C5-14) an aryl group, (a C1-6) alkyl (C5-14) aryl, (a C3-8) cycloalkyl or (C2-10) acyl; R2 is OH or NH2. The present invention also discloses pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use.


This research was conducted in the poultry company Agropecuaria Santa Maria S.A.C., located in the district of Huanchaco, Trujillo Province, Department La Libertad; in the period between January and February 2013, to determine the effect of the inclusion of three levels of betaine in the diet on the performance of Cobb 500 chickens. A total of 192 male broilers were used in a completely randomized design, distributed in four treatments: T0 without betaine, T1 with 0,05, T2 with 0,10 and T3 with 0,15% of betaine respectively, in the growing and finishing stages. By statistical analysis, the final weights and increases in total weights of the treatments showed highly significant differences (p 0,05). The addition of betaine at levels of 0,15 and 0,10 % improved feed conversion of chickens (1,80 and 1,81) and were significantly different at T0 and T1 (1,84 and 1,85) respectively (p 0.05). The highest rates of productive efficiency were obtained by the T2 and T3 treatments (361, 3 and 356,7) and outperformed the T0 respectively 10,2 and 8,8 % respectively. Betaine levels at 0,15 and 0,10 % improved breast yield achieving levels of 22,50 and 22,48 % respectively and were statistically significant ( p <0,05 ) compared to T0 and T1. The treatment that received the highest benefit-cost ratio was T3 treatment, with a value of 1,29, followed by T2, with 1,28, and then treatment with 1,26 T0 and T1. It is concluded that the inclusion of betaine at levels of 0,15 % and 0,10 %, produced the best production rates of Cobb 500 broiler.


Robotic disassembly is a critical technology to achieve automatic disassembly in remanufacturing. However, industrial robots cannot recognize component relations of specific products with various unpredictable states. Therefore, a model for component relations is of great necessity for disassembly optimization problems like Disassembly Sequence Planning (DSP) and Disassembly Line Balancing Problems (DLBP). This paper first introduces the most commonly used models of component relations in three categories. The characteristics of different models are analyzed and compared from the aspects of transformational relations and applications. Finally, suggestions are given as a reference for choosing a suitable component relation model.


After each course, we requested that participants complete a short evaluation to give us feedback on the course and the instructors. We also polled the faculty last November to get their perspective on our services. According to the data, our courses were reaching students and staff, but few of the faculty. Given the importance of reaching faculty to promote academic computing opportunities, we realized that we needed to reevaluate our training program.


Carbon nanotubes/polyaniline (CNT/PANI) nanocomposites were synthesized by the interfacial polymerization of aniline in the presence of CNTs using two green solvents, water and an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [bmim][BF4]), as the two phases. The formation and incorporation of PANI on the surface of the CNTs were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analyses showed that the surface of the CNTs was coated with different morphologies of thin PANI layers depending on whether a HCl or HNO3 solution was used. The thermal stability of the composites was much better than that of the bare CNTs and pure PANI. The as-prepared composites were also used to modify the nickel foam electrodes for characterization of the electrochemical properties.


Experiments are conducted to compare the performance of the smooth electrodes, grooved emitter, and grooved collector converters at the same emitter and collector temperatures. The focus of the experiments is to investigate the effects of collector temperature on the performance of grooved electrode converters. The converters with various electrode configurations and a 0.5 mm gap are tested at emitter temperatures, TE = 1473 – 1673 K, collector temperatures, TC = 773 – 1023 K, and cesium pressures, PCs = 10 – 500 Pa. All electrodes are planar and fabricated with polycrystalline Molybdenum. The grooved electrodes have concentric macro‐grooves 0.5 mm wide, 0.5 mm deep, and 1.0 mm apart. The output electrical power density and the conversion efficiency are calculated from the measured I‐V curves and the maximum power density and conversion efficiency are determined from the calculated PD‐V and η‐V envelopes. At TE = 1473 K, the electrical power density for the smooth electrodes converter at the optimum colle...


THE fire which broke out in the Library of Parliament just before two o'clock, Monday morning, August 4, continued to burn for about ten hours. Because the stubborn blaze was in an almost inaccessible point in the central dome 120 feet or more above the floor it was necessary to keep the sprinklers going for about six hours in order to help extinguish it. As a result approximately 200,000 gallons of water cascaded from the domed roof, or ran down the arched ceiling, and soaked or moistened the books on the main circular floor, many of the books on the two upper galleries, and many of the books and newspaper volumes in fifteen of the rooms or vaults in the basement. Mass evacuation of the books was started at 7 rjo Monday morning and was continued intensively for two weeks, after which period selective removal was carried on for another two weeks. Approximately 150,000 books were removed to three main drying areas, and countless thousands were shifted to dry shelves in the Library itself. The three main drying areas were the Hall of Fame and other corridors of the Parliament Building, the old Dominion Bureau of Statistics Building where extensive floor space was made available, and the new Supreme Court Building where eight floors of regular stack space were allotted to us. Books taken off the shelves were packed in large wooden boxes, many of which were lowered from the upper galleries by means of chutes quickly erected for that purpose, rolled out of the building on a conveyor to the trucks, transported to the drying area, and there spread out to dry. All but the largest books were stood on their feet with the pages partly open. Fans of all description were employed to get good air circulation. While the evacuation operation was at its height the culling of the dried books was begun. Dry, or almost dry, books were selected from the wet ones and placed side down to form piles six or eight books high, with spines turned alternately outward, and with a sheet 1 Reprinted, by permission, from the Canadian Library Association Bulletin, 973-77 (November 1952). The article in the Bulletin includes striking photographs illustrating salvage of library materials.


The research advances of slow light and latest developments on controllable slow light in optical fibers are reviewed, with emphasis on the physical principle and experiments of slow light via stimulated Brillouin scattering. The significance of research on controllable slow light in optical fiber for applications is prospected.


An imaging system that can convey a full 3D light field provides viewers with parallax in both the horizontal and vertical directions. However, displays that provide horizontal parallax only (HPO) are commonly preferred because they can greatly reduce cost and complexity, while still providing a good amount of 3D realism. Here we consider one side effect of HPO: the aspect ratio of displayed virtual objects will be observed to change as a viewer moves toward and away from the display. This results in object shape deformations that can only be corrected for viewing positions on a single line. We present an analysis of what happens outside these ideal positions, and how it is related to the range of object depths in the displayed scene. Several numerical examples and simulations of display views are presented to illustrate the effects, and show how they limit the acceptable range of scene depths and viewing positions of HPO 3D displays.


The potential for roof falls in underground mines remains a clear and present danger for mine workers. An investigation of ground conditions in nearly 50 percent of the nation's underground stone mines found that the state of roof stability is primarily determined in a limited and subjective manner. These large-opening mines, with roof heights typically 7 m (23 ft) or more, make physical observation difficult. Although some mines use monitoring techniques to gain additional information on roof stability, this practice is usually short term and localized to address ground conditions in a particular section of the mine. A roof-fall hazard-assessment technique was developed based on engineering judgment acquired from extensive underground stone mine experience and on examination of the related literature. This technique utilizes observational processes to determine roof fall likelihood. Case-study scenarios offer a realistic picture of model implementation. Providing the mine level decision-maker with an accurate assessment tool to ascertain the level of ground fall hazards is expected to reduce mine worker injuries and fatalities. Moreover, the presences of danger can be overcome with a clear picture of qualified ground conditions.


Purpose : Seizure associated with fever may indicate the presence of underlying inherited metabolic diseases. The present study was performed to investigate the presence of underlying metabolic diseases in patients with complex febrile seizures, using analyses of urine organic acids. Method : We retrospectively analyzed and compared the results of urine organic acid analysis with routine laboratory findings in 278 patients referred for complex febrile seizure. Results : Of 278 patients, 132 had no abnormal laboratory findings, and 146 patients had at least one of the following abnormal laboratory findings: acidosis (n=58), hyperammonemia (n=55), hypoglycemia (n=21), ketosis (n=12). Twenty-six (19.7 %) of the 132 patients with no abnormal findings and 104 (71.2%) of the 146 patients with statistically significant abnormalities showed abnormalities on the organic acid analysis (P


The objective of the present study is to provide a numerical database of thermal boundary layers and to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of passive scalars at different Prandtl numbers. In this regard, a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of an incompressible zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer is performed with the Reynolds number based on momentum thickness

 ${\textit {Re}}_{\theta }$

 ranging up to

 $1080$

 . Four passive scalars, characterized by the Prandtl numbers

 ${\textit {Pr}} = 1,2,4,6$

 are simulated using the pseudo-spectral code SIMSON (Chevalier et al., SIMSON : a pseudo-spectral solver for incompressible boundary layer flows. Tech. Rep. TRITA-MEK 2007:07. KTH Mechanics, Stockholm, Sweden, 2007). To the best of our knowledge, the present DNS provides the thermal boundary layer with the highest Prandtl number available in the literature. It corresponds to that of water at

 ${\sim }24\,^{\circ }{\rm C}$

 , when the fluid temperature is considered as a passive scalar. Turbulence statistics for the flow and thermal fields are computed and compared with available numerical simulations at similar Reynolds numbers. The mean flow and scalar profiles, root-mean-squared velocity and scalar fluctuations, turbulent heat flux, turbulent Prandtl number and higher-order statistics agree well with the numerical data reported in the literature. Furthermore, the pre-multiplied two-dimensional spectra of the velocity and of the passive scalars are computed, providing a quantitative description of the energy distribution at the different length scales for various wall-normal locations. The energy distribution of the heat-flux fields at the wall is concentrated on longer temporal structures with increasing Prandtl number. This is due to the thinner thermal boundary layer as thermal diffusivity decreases and, thereby, the longer temporal structures exhibit a different footprint at the wall.


Obesity, metabolic syndrome, associated lipotoxicity and its cascade of events contribute to the majority of the burden related to non-communicable diseases globally. Preventive lifestyle changes aside, several beneficial effects have been reported in type II diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia patients with biological response modifier glucans (BRMG) produced as an exopolysaccharide by Aureobasidium pullulans. In this study, we compared two strains (AFO-202 and N-163) that produce beta glucans in alleviating lipotoxicity. This study was performed in obese diabetic mice model of KK-Ay mice, in four groups with six subjects in each group - Group 1: sacrificed on Day 0 for baseline values; Group 2: control (drinking water); Group 3: AFO-202 beta glucan—200 mg/kg/day; Group 4: N-163 beta glucan—300 mg/kg/day. The animals in groups 2–4 had the test solutions administered by gavage once daily for 28 consecutive days. Biochemical analyses were conducted of blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Group 4 (N-163) had the lowest NEFA levels, as compared to the other groups, and marginally decreased triglyceride levels. The groups had no significant differences in blood glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, or LDL and HDL cholesterol. N-163 produced by A. pullulans decreased NEFA in a diabetic mice model in 28 days. These results, although modest, warrant further in-depth research into lipotoxicity and associated inflammatory cascades in both healthy and disease affected subjects to develop novel strategies for prevention and management.


While simultaneous exposure to oxidant (O/sub 3/ or NO/sub 2/) and oil mist resulted in moderate intensification of toxicity to mice, a latent period following oil exposure and prior to oxidant exposure reduced acute lethal effects. Maximum protecton was observed after 18 hr, persisting for several days but gone after 8 to 9 days. Effective particle size range was between 0.5 and 1.2 ..mu..m. Minimal effective concentration was approx. 3 ppM for 6 hr or 1 ppM for 17 hr (concentration-times-time relation). Mineral oil was more effective than motor oil. Oil mists did not affect development of O/sub 3/ tolerance. O/sub 3/ concentrations studied were in the 5 to 7 ppM range; NO/sub 2/ concentrations approximated 70 to 90 ppM. It is postulated that oil mists form a surface barrier to O/sub 3/ and NO/sub 2/ while allowing O/sub 2/ and CO/sub 2/ to pass because of their higher partial pressures.


ZnO buffer layer by a chemical-bath deposition (CBD) method is developed in this study to improve the in~erfa~ quality between n-ZnO window layer and pCulnSe, (CIS) thin-film absorber in CIS thin-film solar cells as one of the approaches to the fabrication of Cdfree thin-film solar cells. The optimization of the fabricat~on conditions of CBDZnO leads to the efficiency of about 10 YO. These results indicate the CBDZnO buffe~ layer has rather high capability to fabricate highefficiency CIS thin-film solar cells.


Abstract This paper examines the role played by morphological awareness in explaining difficulties in reading and writing words with arbitrary spelling in a group of students who have reading-writing difficulties. Specifically, the relationship between morphological, morphosyntactic and phonological awareness and reading errors and success in arbitrary spelling is studied. This paper also describes to what extent the morphological and morphosyntactic awareness of students with reading difficulties explains errors in reading and in the correct spelling of words with arbitrary spelling. The results indicate that morphological, morphosyntactic and phonological awareness are related to learning reading and arbitrary spelling in Spanish. However, morphosyntactic awareness is more important in explaining serious reading errors and success in writing with arbitrary spelling among students with reading-writing difficulties.


3009 Background: PD-1 antibodyNivolumab was administered with/without a multi-peptide vaccine to 105 patients (pts) with unresectable melanoma that failed at least one regimen and were IPI naive, or progressed after IPI, to assess its toxicity especially in those with prior dose limiting immune related adverse events (irAEs) to IPI, and to update survival data, characterize T cell gene expression and immune cell subsets. Methods: HLA A0201 IPI-naive pts received nivolumab at 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg (34 pts); additional pts that failed prior IPI received nivolumab at 3 mg/kg: two cohorts of pts were A*0201 positive and had either grade 2 or less IPI-related irAE (10 pts), or grade 3-4 dose limiting irAE (20 pts); 41 pts had grade 2 or less irAE, were not HLA restricted and received nivolumab alone. Pre- and 12 week post-treatment peripheral blood was analyzed. Results: Median follow-up for all pts was 15 months (mos);median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.2 mos, and estimated median overall survival (OS) wa...


In this paper we have examined the results of the pitch control system, that are used in robotic submersible automobiles by using PD controller and linear quadratic regulator and results are compared. The penetration of the vehicle is well-ordered in a way that during frontward motion an elevator seeming on the vehicle is identified by a nominated aggregate. The identification reasons the automobile to revolve about the pitch axis. The pitch of the axis generates a vertical influence that causes the vehicle to immerse or grow. It is to be guaranteed for pitch control analysis that pitch angle of automobile should follow the pitch command angle. The class of tracing is well-ordered by the pitch control. In the first part of the paper, we have observed performance of closed loop control systems without any controller. Second part is related to the investigation of the performance in closed loop system controlled by means of a proportional integral controller. After that system performance is improved using derivative controller. Then PD controller on the system is implemented. The simulation results are taken Corresponding author; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Mohammad Jawad Masud et al. 34 as well. Finally, system performance is also been observed by using linear quadratic regulator and results are compared.


With this paper, we review several different failure mechanisms of commercial light emitting diodes operating in real-life applications. We consider both high power and mid power devices, which represent the biggest share of the market. Real-life applications are particularly interesting since they reveal potential reliability issues and weaknesses of the optoelectronic devices, which are not detected/studied during conventional laboratory testing, due to their extrinsic origin. The analyzed failures mechanisms are mainly due to: 1) electrical overstress (surge and hot plugging); 2) assembly issues; 3) mishandling; and 4) chemical contamination. The results presented within this paper provide relevant data for the improvement of the reliability and robustness of current solid-state lighting systems.


A respiratory climacteric and accumulation of soluble solids of pulp were induced in banana fruits by (2-chlorethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon) at oxygen concentrations of 3-21% (v/v). However, induction of peel colour change by ethephon was retarded or prevented at oxygen concentrations of 10% (v/v) or less. Thus pulp tissue ripened whilst the peel remained green. Respiration rate, soluble solids content of pulp, and peel colour were not affected by ethephon at oxygen concentrations of 1% (v/v) or less. The kinetics of respiratory response to ethephon are consistent with a model in which ethylene (derived from ethephon) is a coupling-activator of respiration. In this model ethylene decreases the affinity of an enzyme system for its substrate, but accelerates the release of product.


Fog-Cloud computing has become a promising platform for executing Internet of Things (IoT) tasks with different requirements. Although the fog environment provides low latency due to its proximity to IoT devices, it suffers from resource constraints. This is vice versa for the cloud environment. Therefore, efficiently utilizing the fog-cloud resources for executing tasks offloaded from IoT devices is a fundamental issue. To cope with this, in this paper, we propose a novel scheduling algorithm in fog-cloud computing named PGA to optimize the multi-objective function that is a weighted sum of overall computation time, energy consumption, and percentage of deadline satisfied tasks (PDST). We take the different requirements of the tasks and the heterogeneous nature of the fog and cloud nodes. We propose a hybrid approach based on prioritizing tasks and a genetic algorithm to find a preferable computing node for each task. The extensive simulations evaluate our proposed algorithm to demonstrate its superiority over the state-of-the-art strategies.


Inasmuch as every large Junior School has general problems associated with dull, backward or maladjusted children, for the purposes of this article I have taken cases found in my present school as being typical of those met with universally. To begin with, this Junior School consists of some 350 boys from 7 plus to 11 plus and draws them from two rather distinct areas, one a respectable district with neatish villas, the other an old district that tends to crowded slums. Within these two different areas exist two Infants' Schools which feed my school and in addition I receive many casual admissions, invariably from poorish London areas. Organisation permits of A and B streams being run throughout the school in classes corresponding to the old Standards 2, 3, 4 and 5 though, in fact, they range numerically from Class 9 to Class 1, and are taught by nine fully-trained, certificated teachers. On an average, therefore, there are some 40 pupils per teacher, though actually a Special Class of 25 or so dull, backward and maladjusted children, officially known as Class 9, 5 or 2 as the case may be, has for some years now been in existence. Never does anything in the nature of nomenclature lead these backward pupils, or in fact the rest of the school's pupils, to suspect that they are in any way different from normal pupils. Certainly their syllabuses of


The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioning system of the muffler, the muffler is designed to reduce the compressor is transmitted along the coolant tube (30) to the interior space of noise and vibration. The muffler comprises a muffler body tube (10) and the external resonator tube (20). Muffler body tube (10) is mounted between the coolant tubes (30), so that along the coolant tube (30) of the coolant gas flows through the flow tube of the muffler body (10), the muffler body tube (10) comprising forming on the outer peripheral surface of the muffler body tube (10) according to one or more resonator holes (12). The external resonator tube (20) is mounted on an outer circumferential surface of the muffler body tube (10) such that the outer circumferential surface of the muffler body tube (10) and the external resonator tube defining a cavity (22) between (20), cavity (22) for absorbing vibration and noise flowing through the muffler body tube (10) of the coolant gas.


The contributions in this book provide an excellent account of the increasing tensions in the South China Sea. The latter is regarded as being one of the most dynamic and yet controversial regions in the world due, in particular, to the worsening geopolitical rivalries among the great powers engaged in the region. The South China Sea area has numerous archipelagoes, islands, peninsulas, coral reefs, seasonally reversing monsoon winds and underwater currents. All these combine to produce exceptionally favourable conditions for a fertile marine ecosystem and, in addition, the possibility of untapped oil, gas and other mineral resources. It is the case that the South China Sea dispute currently sits near the top of Asia's security agenda (another major concern being, of course, North Korea's nuclear and missile activities), and that increasing military competition in the region risks providing more opportunities for miscalculation in the future. This book provides insights into the bitter relationships among the claimants over ownership of disputed atolls, growing competition over natural resources, enhancing the security of their respective maritime rights, as well as the rapid modernization of regional armed forces. Territorial claims to the islands and reefs are, of course, important in order to establish an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) around the disputed islands that would include the rights over the various natural resources in those areas.


As China is developing on the way to constructing the innovation-oriented country, the unbalance on innovation capacity and characteristics among different regions of China emerges, which requires a unitive framework to compare and find out the regional diversity of innovation development patterns. The innovation capacity is not only the crucial element in constructing the innovation-oriented country, but also serves as the main factor of industrial structure adjustment, economic growth reform and regional competitiveness improvement. When we found in our study is that, technology innovation in China follows the route from "made in China" to "capable in China" and finally "created in China". During this procedure from imitation to self-innovation, the prominent function of non-technological innovation is found. And it becomes an important factor of improving the technological innovation capacity and leading the new direction of innovation system in China.


As part of science education/science courses, students with special needs can develop their skills such as observing the events occurring in nature, making predictions and inferences. Given the characteristics of students with specific learning disabilities, it is crucial to reveal the developments of specific learning disabilities in science education to see the overall effect(s) of the teaching methods, techniques and others. The current study aims to thematically review the studies on specific learning disabilities within the scope of science education from the year 2009 to 2021. Considering the 2009-2021 date range and the criteria for specific learning disabilities in science education, a total of 43 studies were obtained from the relevant databases. The Thematic Content Analysis method was preferred. The studies were examined by considering the parameters of "distribution by years, aim, method, sample group, data collection tools, results, and recommendation". The results indicate that a limited number of studies were conducted on specific learning disabilities in science education and the researchers generally focused on elementary school students' academic achievement and conceptual understanding levels employing quantitative methods. The results of the present study suggest carrying out studies in which in-depth analysis may be done selecting different sample groups (such as pre-service science teachers) for specific learning disabilities in science education and these may be conducted on the social and behavioral difficulties (loneliness, isolation and alike.) faced by students with specific learning disabilities in science education.


Body-powered hand prostheses are characterized by low weight and low cost compared to externally powered prostheses. They also provide force and position feedback, allowing for accurate and fast position and force control of the prosthesis. Body-powered hand prostheses are often rejected on the basis of low efficiency. The high forces needed to operate these prostheses lead to discomfort, fatigue and ultimately rejection. The main problem is that these prostheses require too much force to be operated comfortably. This thesis approaches that problem by introducing a power-assistance unit to a body-powered hand prosthesis. By providing additional power via an actuator, the physical load on the user is reduced and force and position feedback is maintained. A 3D model of the concept was designed to give an estimate of a hand prosthesis in terms of weight and size. A proof-of-concept prototype was built to verify the power-assistance functionality. The 3D model showed that it is possible to fit a sufficiently powerful actuator and power supply in a body-powered prosthesis, without exceeding the weight requirement. Testing of the prototype showed that an electric motor can supply sufficient torque to meet the pinch force requirements without hindering proprioceptive feedback. With power-assistance the load on the user can be almost halved, allowing the user to perform most activities of daily living without experiencing fatigue. The concept of implementing power-assistance in body-powered hand prostheses shows to be a feasible and promising approach to the problem of high load requirements of body-powered hand prostheses.


Objectives To investigate the changes of specific biochemical markers in lung lavage fluid from ventilated infants with and without chronic lung diseases(CLD),and explore the early diagnostic significance of in premature infants with CLD. Methods A total of 71 infants who received mechanical ventilation from Dec 1999 to Sep 2004 were enrolled in this study. The babies were divided into 4 groups:CLD(19 cases),RDS(16 cases),pneumonia(21 cases)and control(15 cases). Malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione(GSH)were measured with colorimetric method. Tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin(IL-8,IL-1,IL-6),endothelin(ET-1),procollagen(PCo),hyaluronic acid(HA),and hydroxyproline(Hyp)were detected with radio-immunoassay. The results were analyzed by using K-W test. Results There was no significant difference between the 4 groups in the first 4 days of life,while on day 5 of age,a significant difference was detected. On day 5,total protein(median 75.4 g/L),MDA(median 39.39 nmol/ml)were increased while SOD(median 8.03 U/ml)and GSH(median 795 mg/L)were decreased in lung lavage fluid in the CLD group in comparison with the other 3 groups(P 0.05=. Also on Day 5,the levels of TNF-α(median 7.62 fmol/ml),IL-8(median 376.9 mg/ml),IL-1(median 2.09 ng/ml)and IL-6(median 1.02 ng/ml),ET-1(median 2.66 ng/ml),PCⅢ(median 110.82 μg/ml),HA(median 258.65 mg/ml)and Hyp(median 12.03 ng/ml)in CLD group were higher than those in others 3 groups(P 0.05=. Conclusions The development of CLD is a complex process. Since specific biochemical markers could be identified on day 5 in infants who developed CLD,they may have an important role in the pathogenesis of CLD.


Ultrafiltration (UF) has been regarded as a cost-effective option compared to NF and RO for the municipal effluent reclamation process. But the fouling caused by organic matter from the biologically treated sewage effluent is still a serious problem in the process. The photocatalysis was employed as the pretreatment measure for the ultrafiltration of secondary effluents. The fouling potential k was significantly lowered by this pretreatment measure. The effects of catalyst type (anatase, rutile, and Degussa P-25), catalyst dosage, pH value, and UV light intensity on fouling potential variation and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal were investigated. The results showed that the presence of UV and TiO2 improved DOC removal ratio. The effect of photocatalyst type on fouling potential abatement was compared. The pH value and catalyst concentration were optimized to get the highest fouling potential reduction and DOC removal efficiency.


Commercial boron trifluoride ethyl ether functions as an effective catalyst in the synthesis of a number of alkyl esters of p-aminobenzoic acid. Unlike earlier procedures, the present method offers a convenient single step reaction and does not call for special reaction conditions and equipment.


Decisions on whether a health service should provide a particular treatment are based on the evidence on three questions: 1) whether the treatment can work, ie it is biologically active; 2) whether the treatment is safe and effective in daily practice; and 3) whether it is economically worthwhile. Evidence presented at the Kyoto conference shows that acupuncture for osteoarthritis of the knee has a biological effect, has a large clinical effect in practice, has negligible risk, and has a cost effectiveness which is well within the usual acceptable limit. On the present evidence, acupuncture is likely to offer an alternative to treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).


Every 25th of April, the world celebrates DNA Day to mark the successful completion of human genome project. This feat has revolutionized sciences: be it Medicine, Biomedicals and Agriculture. This staggering achievement has enabled the use of genomic information to determine how genes are regulated and interact with each other and with the environment to control complex biochemical functions of living organisms. Genomics has clearly re-focus medicine towards prevention, early detection and wellbeing, unlike the conventional diagnosis and treatment. In addition, swift vaccine development and breakdown, immunoresponse discovery, pharmacogenomics and antimicrobial resistance insurgence are also a few highlights of genomics application in medicine.


Items relating to Camp Eureka, correspondence, documents in relation to CPA's view of the Israel and Palestine conflict, Australian Labour Party OHS policy document and article "Marx, the trade cycle, and the new stage of Capitalism".


We construct the explicit Euclidean scalar Green function associated with a massless field in a higher dimensional global monopole spacetime, i.e., a (1 + d)-spacetime with d ≥ 3 which presents a solid angle deficit. Our result is expressed in terms of a infinite sum of products of Legendre functions with Gegenbauer polynomials. Although this Green function cannot be expressed in a closed form, for the specific case where the solid angle deficit is very small, it is possible to develop the sum and obtain the Green function in a more workable expression. Having this expression it is possible to calculate the vacuum expectation value of some relevant operators. As an application of this formalism, we calculate the renormalized vacuum expectation value of the square of the scalar field, 〈Φ(x)〉Ren., and the energy-momentum tensor, 〈Tμν(x)〉Ren., for the global monopole spacetime with spatial dimensions d = 4 and d = 5. PACS numbers: 04.62.+v, 04.50.+h, 11.10.Gh ∗E-mail: email@example.com


PURPOSE: An equipment for assembling processes of an excavator is provided to make assembly processes easy through installing electric devices in an upper frame while the upper frame being put on a turn table stage. CONSTITUTION: An equipment for assembling processes of an excavator comprises a lower assembly line(2), an upper assembly line(4), a turn table stage(100a), and a horizontally transferring stage(200a). The lower assembly line assembles a lower traveling body(10) through coupling lower components by moving a lower frame(11) along a rail(2a). The upper assembly line assembles an upper turning body through coupling upper components by moving an upper frame(40) along a rail(4a). The turn table stage oppositely changes the direction of the upper frame through rotating the turn table stage to 180 degrees and loading the upper frame carried into the work place on a turn table(100). One part of the horizontally transferring stage is connected to a carrying-out rail(102) and the other side is connected to a transverse rail(201) facing the upper assembly line. The horizontally transferring stage transfers the upper frame to a loading stage(300a) of the upper assembly line along the transverse rail.


An exact formula was recently obtained for the spectral norms of the Lucas and Fibonacci Hankel matrices [1], and also for the Lucas and Fibonacci Toeplitz matrices [4]. These results put finishing touches on the works initiated in [2] and [3]. On another front, bounds were found for the spectral norms of k-Fibonacci and k-Lucas Toeplitz matrices [7]. In this paper, we present the exact value for the spectral norms of these Toeplitz matrices. We also obtain the non-trivial eigenvalues of any even dimensional Hankel matrix built with a sequence that satisfies


Electron transfer reactions from tetrakis(isocyanide)rhodium(I) ([RhL4]+ to iron(III) complexes of the [Fe(N–N)3]3+ type (N–N=1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2′-bipyridine) proceed through precursor complexes formed between [RhL4]+ and [Fe(N–N)3]3+ with 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 stoichiometry. A similar scheme is suggested for the reaction of bis(isocyanide)bis(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) with the same oxidants. The intramolecular electron transfer rate constants k1 in the 1:1 precursor complexes have been determined in MeCN at 298 K. In accordance with Marcus theory, the logk1 values are linearly related with the reduction potentials of oxidants with the theoretical slope of 8.5. The [RhL4]+ cations form oligomers in MeCN; [RhL4+]n (n=2,3), and the equilibrium constants for oligomerization have been determined. For a given oxidant [Co(bpy)3]3+ (bpy=2,2′-bipyridine), the logk1 value of [RhL4+]n increases in parallel with the HOMO energy of [RhL4+]n; monomer


AIMS
Fewer than 5% of adult cancer patients participate in clinical trials, with multiple patient, clinician and institutional barriers identified. This study aimed to explore patient factors that impact access to cancer trials in New Zealand.

METHODS
A questionnaire that included demographics and factors that might impact trial participation was circulated via nine district health boards (DHBs) and four cancer foundations to patients with a cancer diagnosis.

RESULTS
Between July 2016 and August 2017, 691 patients responded, 62% female and 77% aged >50 years. Most patients (86%) would consider trial participation, which differed by income (p=0.0001) but not by age, tumour type or gender. Patients would consider attending another hospital (44%) or relocating (11%); 10% considered trials a last resort. Advantageous factors to participation included: benefiting others (92%), better treatment (82%), more scans and longer follow-up (47% and 51%). Disincentives included fear of randomisation (78%), treatment toxicities (71%), time and cost of more visits (40%) and unspecified future research (32%).

CONCLUSION
Identified barriers to trial participation were similar in New Zealand to other developed countries. In this motivated cohort, patients are very interested in trial participation at any stage of their treatment and did not mind extra travel or tests.


Summary : Early works on regime change has argued that unified opposition forces are likely to push regime change, particularly when they push members of the authoritarian coalition to defect. Attempts to use repression to end opposition mobilization should if anything only reinforces the opposition movement. In this paper, I rather argue state repression can be used by regime forces to exacerbate divisions between opposition leaders and disrupt the movement's unity. Repression creates grievances among the civilian population who demand retribution against the security forces and the government. Opposition leaders -who are looking for an opportunity to dominate the movement- bandwagon on these grievances by taking more radical stances against the regime. This paper illustrates this theory through an analysis of the pro-democracy movement in Togo between 1990 and 1993. In this period, the early unity of the opposition movements was shattered as moderate and radical leaders failed to agree on a common strategy against the regime. I argue that the regime maintenance operation, launched by the Togolese armed forces, exacerbated these divisions and consequently prevented the pro-democracy movement from re-unifying itself after May 1991.


Thermal Power Company (Thermal) completed a thermal gradient hole to about 5000 feet (1524 m) total depth in Section 28, Township 8 South, Range 8 East, Willamette Meridian, Marion County, Oregon. The objective was to obtain data for the characterization of the deep hydrothermal regime in the Cascades volcanic region in order to better define its geothermal resource potential. The depth and location of the thermal gradient hole were designed by Thermal to test the basis of the Clackamas geothermal system exploration model developed by Chevron Resources Company.


Automatic recognition of ellipses and circles is one of the most widely studied topics in the image advantages of the proposed method are its fast speed and high accuracy.In addition,the relevant accuracy can be evaluated right after the recognition.Experiments show that this algorithm applies to ellipses and circles with different sizes and orientations.None of additional condition,assumption and accumulation is required.Therefore the algorithm is practical and easy to be implemented.


This chapter explores societal assumptions about sex and gender. It begins with an introduction to intersexuality and compares intersexuality to transgenderism and sexual orientation. It then discusses the most pressing issues facing the intersex community and compares them to the concerns of people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT). It next examines how the law affects people in the intersex community. Finally, it concludes with advice for employment lawyers and human resource managers about how to address issues that may arise in the workplace involving people with an intersex condition.


In this article we try to highlight how medialization understood as "mediatization of everything" (Bratosin, 2016) transforms the expression and representation of the church as a religious organization by studying the case of the connected church called Jesus Market, a transmedia oriented platform which proposes to practice a religion disenchanted of traditions, rituals and doctrinal ballast (Tudor and Herteliu, 2016a; 2016b), in the logic of the return to the great pillars of Lutheran theology: Sola Gratia, Sola Fide, Sola Scriptura, and Solus Christus. We have chosen this project because we consider it an emerging example of a contestation, both inside and outside of the traditional religious organization, possible in the paradigm of the theory of post-neo-Protestantism (Bratosin, 2016).


ACTS OF INSTRUMENTALISATION OF LAW AND THEIR LIMITSThe purpose of this article is to analyse the concept of law as the instrument employed to achieve some specifi c purposes. The analysis leads to the distinction between the instrumental character of law and its instrumentalization acts of instrumentalization. Considering the character of the acts of instrumentalization of law, it is maintained that there are some limits of such acts, and one of them is the autonomy of law understood as a function of legal culture.


In article results of experiments on learning of physical and mechanical properties of nanostructured composite antifrictional PVDcoatings on the basis of the carbon, received by a method magnetron pulverizations are presented. Tests were led by means of dimpling, skratch-testing and tribo-testing on the equipment firms CSM (Switzerland). In article the technique of carrying out of experiments is resulted, and results for three nanostructured coatings are compared: (AlSiCr) C:H, (AlSiTi) C:H and СrN/CNx. It is shown that researched coatings physical and mechanical properties have the physical and mechanical properties conceding to properties of traditional coverings on elastic modulus and hardness, however possess high tribo characteristics and low friction coefficient from 0,02 to 0,06 at coatings on the basis of C:H. Usage considerations of the given coatings in practice for pairs of a friction and executive mechanisms with frictional character of linkages are given.


242 Background: Caregiver (CG) burden is particularly high in glioblastoma (GBM) because neurologic deficits lead to cognitive dysfunction and physical dependence. The amount of time that CGs devote to GBM pts is not well described. The extent to which time burden impacts CG quality of life and perceived burden is unknown.

METHODS
We performed an IRB-approved prospective analysis of 38 CGs of pts with newly diagnosed GBM enrolled over 8 mo. at a single academic institution. CGs were defined as individuals responsible for any aspect of pt support, and multiple CGs were allowed for each pt. CGs completed the Caregiver Quality of Life in Cancer (CQOLC) survey plus questions about CG role and time dedicated to pt care within 2 mo. of initial neuro-oncology visit. We described time burden and correlated this with 3 CQOLC questions addressing CG stress, emotional well-being, and perceived burden.

RESULTS
30/38 CGs completed the surveys. The 30 CGs (21 female) included 16 spouses, 8 children, 3 parents, 2 siblings and 1 friend. 21 were primary CGs (13 female). 21 CG spent > 40 hrs/wk with pt, 10 spent > 40 hrs/wk on direct pt care, and 7 spent > 40 work hrs/wk caring for the pt. Table 1 illustrates CG time burden stratified by primary vs non-primary CG. CG time spent on direct pt care positively correlated with CGs feeling overwhelmed by their responsibilities as assessed by the CQOLC (p < 0.0001, spearman coefficient 0.66). Amount of work hrs spent on pt care also correlated with the CG feeling overwhelmed. (p = 0.0003, spearman coefficient 0.61).

CONCLUSIONS
CG time burden in GBM is substantial even at the time of diagnosis, and is most notable in primary CGs. CG time burden correlates with signs of emotional distress as measured by the CQOLC. Assessing time burden for individual CGs may help identify early risk for distress and develop interventions to improve CG quality of life. [Table: see text].


The aim of this research is to develop a nutritious snack that is suitable for health and acceptable for adolescents and adults. This product consists of 26% black glutinous rice flour, 13% white glutinous rice flour, 50% coconut milk, 4.5% shallots, 2% garlic, 1.5% shrimp paste, 0.75% salt, 0.25% pepper and 0.5% of each galangal, bergamot peel, coriander roots and lemon grass. The black glutinous rice crackers were produced by grounding all spices together and then mixing with flours and coconut milk. This mixed is poured into trays and steamed for 20 min after that flattened to thin sheet and reduced temperature to 4-6°C. Cut the sheet with mold and put into an oven at 150-155°C for 16 min. The mean score of overall liking and consumer acceptability were 7.2±1.2 and 84.5%, respectively. The physical quality of the product was found that lightness was 34.1±2.6, redness was 7.3±1.0, yellowness was 5.3±1.0, hardness was 301.24±40.77 g.force and water activity was 0.41±0.01. The moisture, carbohydrates, fat, protein, and ash were 3.83±0.04%, 61.62±0.94%, 14.98±0.37%, 16.51±0.44% and 3.07±0.10%, respectively. Anthocyanin content and energy were 28.24±0.08 mg/kg and 4.69±0.45 kcal/g, respectively. The microbiological quality of the product was found that total plate count was <10 cfu/g, yeast and mold was <10 cfu/g, coliform bacteria was <3 MPN/g and E. coli was <3 MPN/g. The shelf life of the black glutinous rice cracker with Panang flavor was at least 3 months.


Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) could be used as an effective alternative treatment for peripancreatic tumor. Herein, we reported a case of adrenal adenoma which was treated by EUS-RFA. Case Report: A 38-year-old woman presented with "moon face," "buffalo hump," and weight gain of 9 kg in 12 months. Initial contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography showed a 2.8 cm left adrenal mass, and the patient was diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome due to left adrenal adenoma. She refused surgical treatment but agreed to undergo EUS-RFA. A 19-gauge endoscopic RFA electrode and radiofrequency generator were used for the procedure. The length of the exposed tip of the RFA electrode was 10 mm. After insertion of the RFA electrode into the mass, the radiofrequency generator was activated to deliver 50 W ablation power for 10 s. Depending on tumor size, the procedure was repeated to sufficiently cover the tumor. Therefore, EUS-RFA was performed successfully. There were no adverse events after EUS-RFA. Conclusions: EUS-RFA could be a technically feasible and safe modality for patients who refuse surgical treatment.


In the process of zinc hydrometallurgy, many impurities such as nickel, cobalt, and cadmium, are removed, but magnesium remains with zinc in the electrowinning stage and its concentration increases during the process. The aim of this study is to reduce the concentration of magnesium in zinc leaching solution. XRD analysis showed that the prepared zinc oxidised sample contains smithsonite and hemimorphite as valuable minerals and dolomite and calcite as tailings. The sample contains 8.27% zinc and 8.15% magnesium. Here, alkaline zinc sulfate precipitation was carried out to bring magnesium to the permissible level in electrowinning solution. In acidic leaching, effective factors such as pH, temperature, solid percent and leaching time optimized to achieve maximum zinc recovery. In alkaline zinc sulfate precipitation, effective factors such as pH, temperature and retention time examined for selective precipitation of alkaline zinc sulfate. Recovery of zinc in one leaching step reached to 70.81% at pH=2, temperature of 60°C, solid percent of 10% and leaching time of 120 minutes. The leach residue was then dissolved at pH=3 for 60 minutes, in which the total recovery of zinc increased to 86.32%. Under optimal conditions of 90°C, pH =6.5-7, zinc recovery was found to be 99.90% in the precipitate, while the amount of magnesium precipitation was 3.6%. After re-dissolution of alkaline zinc sulfate, the amount of magnesium in the solution found to be 1.3 g/l, which was much less than the allowable magnesium level in solution used for electrowinning (10-15 g/l).


The general objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of different systems of heating in creep for piglets. The experiment was conducted in a commercial swine production farm, located in Elias Fausto city, in the State of Sao Paulo. The research was developed in the farrowing house, with 80 animals between the birth and weanning, adopting 4 different heating systems: heat mat, standard heating lamp, electrical resistance and infrared lamp. The ambient variables were observed inside and outside the farrowing house and inside each studied creep, during 18 days. For animal production evaluation of daily weight gain and mortality were registered too. The techno-economic analysis was made considering the consumption of electric energy and the weight gained by animals. The statistical design of the experiment was a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 18 blocks. The heating systems presented significant differences for dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, and thermal comfort indexes, radiant thermal load and enthalpy. The treatments standard incandescent bulb and electrical resistance were found to be more adequate from techno-economical point of view.


Many industrial processes need information about material grain size. In this work we examined rolled chrome concentrate to determine the average grain size. Test material was sieved into 15 fractions, from 37 pm to 500 pm. The analysis method can be divided in three sections: preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. Mathematical morphology was used as preprocessing method, with gray-scale erosion and opening as operations. Feature extraction was implemented with first and second-order statistics. Finally, classification was performed with k-NN and minimum distance classifiers using leave-out method. We conclude that mathematical morphology with texture analysis can be used to determine average grain size of material. It is computationally easy and fast although less accurate to smaller grain classes. This is due to imaging errors and noise but also the fact that the ratio grain size versus size of structuring element must be large enough. Both opening and erosion operations can be used. Erosion is two times faster than opening to perform. Also the number of preprocessing operations can be, for example, reduced to three without the classification result will have a remarkable change.


ABSTRACT Based on 12 in-depth interviews with Latino college graduates in West Tennessee, this study explores the effects of college experiences and cultural factors on Latino persistence. The study highlights on-campus and off-campus influences important to matriculation of the student toward graduation. Findings highlight how acquiring familial support, cultural capital, and instructor support proves to be a successful strategy for ensuring Latino student persistence to graduation on a college campus at a two-year, degree granting institution.


We compared phospholipids (PLs), PLs fatty acid (FA) composition and milk fat globules size and structure in human milk (n = 120) from mothers of full-term and preterm infants during lactation (colostrum, transition, 1 mo, 2 mo, and 3 mo) and 8 brands of infant formulae. The absolute quantification of PLs was analyzed using 31P NMR spectroscopy. Sphingomyelin (SM) was the dominant PLs (35.01 ± 3.31%) in human milk, whereas phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were the dominant PLs in infant formulae. The PLs content in preterm milk increased during lactation, whereas that in term milk remained stable. Saturated FAs (mainly 16:0 and 18:0) were the most abundant (>60%) PLs FA in both preterm and term milk and increased throughout lactation. The mean diameter of milk fat globules in infant formulae was much smaller than that found in human milk (200 nm vs 5.63 μm). Significant differences were observed between human milk and infant formulae with regard to PLs, suggesting that more research is needed to mimic the PLs profile in infant formula.


Atmospheric aerosols play significant roles in cli- matic related phenomena. Size, density and shape of par- ticles affect their fluid-dynamic parameters which in turn dictate their transport and lifecycle. Moreover, density and shape are also related to particles' optical properties, influ- encing their regional and global radiative effects. In the present study we have measured and compared the effective densities of humic like substances (HULIS) extracted from smoke and pollution aerosol particles to those of molecu- lar weight-fractionated aquatic and terrestrial Humic Sub- stances (HS). The effective density was measured by compar- ing the electro mobility and vacuum aerodynamic diameter of aerosol particles composed of these compounds. Charac- terization of chemical parameters such as molecular weight, aromaticity and elemental composition allow us to test how they affect the effective density of these important environ- mental macromolecules. It is suggested that atmospheric ag- ing processes increase the effective density of HULIS due to oxidation, while packing due to the aromatic moieties plays important role in determining the density of the aquatic HS substances.


The world is battling with modern horrors like the COVID-19, which has left the entire world befuddled and in the lurch as to how one virus has brought the entire world to a standstill. This devastating virus which is declared by the WHO as the pandemic has taken over almost 195 countries in its grip. This virus is mounting a very serious threat to the global economy as well, which is already in grave peril. There is no doubt that the Indian economy, which is already sputtering, is growing at one of the lowest rates in the last six years. And now, a new set of economic challenges unleashed by this virus is leaving many sectors in tatters. It is a well-known fact that in the global supply chain, China plays a very pivotal role for India and its MSME sector as well, this sector is largely dependent on China for its raw material. For example, Indian drug makers source almost 70 per cent of their ingredients from Chinese factories and Chinese goods worth $30 billion. Thus complete lockdown of China and partial lockdown of India has led to various issues ranging from shrinkage of exports, cessation of production, non-availability of manpower, the uncertainty of consumption, and liquidity squeeze in the market as well.


Coal is one of the most important sources of electricity and energy in Indian economy. India is world's third largest producer of coal yet it imports coal from different countries to meet its domestic requirement. With negligible amount of exports, it has resulted in trade deficit problems for Indian economy. This paper attempts to examine the burning issue of "International trade of coal in India: trends, challenges and suggestions for Improvement "from different perspectives. Accordingly the existing literature on the subject has been reviewed with topics ranging from coal exports and imports to illegal mining, clean technology and new ways to improve the quality of coal. The objective of the paper is to find reasons for huge imports and low exports of coal with a view to achieve trade balance. To conclude, it can be said that there are many unexplored areas which researchers can take up in future in order to achieve trade balance of coal.


OBJECTIVES: To compare nosologist coding of underlying cause of death according to the death certificate with adjudicated cause of death for subjects aged 65 and older in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS).


Until recently fathers were the hidden parents in research on children's well-being. Research stimulated by the new interest in fathers suggests that fathers' involvement in their children's schools does make a difference in their children's education. This issue brief looks at the extent to which fathers are involved in their kindergartners' through 12th graders' schools, using data from the 1996 National Household Education Survey (NHES). Findings noted include the following: (1) fathers in two-parent families are less likely than mothers in two-parent families to be highly involved in their children's schools; (2) fathers and mothers who head single-parent families are virtually identical in their level of involvement, and it is quite similar to that of mothers in two-parent families; (3) fathers in two-parent families are more likely to attend school or class events or general school meetings than they are to attend parent-teacher conferences or to volunteer at their children's schools. The issue brief concludes by noting that the observed patterns of fathers' involvement are consistent with existing research and with the notion of a division of labor in two-parent families. The low participation of fathers in two-parent families offers schools an opportunity to increase overall parental involvement by targeting fathers. (HTH) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** How Involved Are Fathers in Their Children's Schools? Issue Brief U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Once of Educational Research and Improvement iEC ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OE RI posdron or policy.


Microwave holography is well established for the evaluation and optimisation of electrically large reflector antennas used for satellite ground stations. Increasing interest has been shown for using the method during development of other complex antenna configurations in order to improve the design, minimise design cycles and reduce the overall cost. Two application examples of the development of high performance antennas are presented: a corrugated slotted waveguide array antenna operating at 19.95 GHz, where the design has been optimised on the basis of results obtained from microwave holography, and a 3.4m diamond reflector for SATCOM applications operating at 14 GHz where surface profile distortions have been quantified. >


This paper describes a system developed for the tracking and identification of pilgrims in the Holy areas, in Makkah-Saudi Arabia, during Hajj (Pilgrimage). The area is already covered by a sophisticated 3.5G network by several service providers. Upon request or periodically, the mobile phone sends its UID, latitude, longitude, and time stamp. A server maps the latitude and longitude information on a Google map or any geographical information system. If the Internet connection is lost the mobile phone stores the location information in its memory until the Internet connection is restored, then it sends all stored location information and clears this information from memory. The developed system can be used to track a specific pilgrim. Alternatively any pilgrim can request emergency help using the same system. The developed system works in coordination with an RFID identification system that was proposed earlier. The developed system was tested successfully during the recent pilgrimage season.


Syngas produced through the thermal gasification of biomass for energy recovery has received increased attention in the past decades due to its higher efficiency compared to other bioenergy processes. The gas components of syngas, CO and H2, can serve as substrates for the conversion of desirable chemicals and fuels, namely methane, by a wide range of microorganisms. Meanwhile, anaerobic wastewater-treating sludges have been reported as good sources of carboxidotrophic microorganisms which can be exploited for methane production. Thus it is important to investigate existing methanogenic consortiums which, in syntrophy, are able to convert syngas into useful fuels. This study is mainly focused on the assessment of the carboxidotrophic methanogenic potential present in a natural consortium of microorganisms from a UASB reactor and the identification of CO conversion routes to methane under mesophilic temperatures. To achieve this, a series of kinetic-activity tests with the anaerobic sludge were performed under CO partial pressures varying from 0.1 to 1.65 atm (0.09-1.31 mmol/L) in both the presence and absence of specific metabolic inhibitors. The non-adapted sludge presented an interesting carboxidotrophic activity potential for growing conditions on CO alone. Inhibition experiments with 2bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES) and vancomycin showed that CO was converted mainly to acetate by acetogenic bacteria, which was further transformed to methane by acetoclastic methanogens. Moreover, it was possible to achieve higher methanogenic potential under 100% CO by acclimation of the sludge. This adaptation led to a shift in the microbial population predominated by hydrogenophilic methanogens. This suggests a possible enrichment potential with anaerobic biofilms for large scale methane production from CO-rich syngas, and further advances the knowledge base for anaerobic reactor development.


AWAA • 6723 Whittier Avenue • Suite 202 • Mclean • Virginia • 800.429.3369 • Fax 888-466-8922 1 We are excited for your family as you prepare for your trip to China to bring home your child! It is important to remember we are traveling as adoptive parents, servants, guests & students of China. Our best witness is showing the character of Christ in all of our interactions. The following information is designed to assist you in preparing for this incredible life-changing journey.


This paper provides a tutorial introduction to a performance evaluation metric called the iso-eeciency function. Traditional methods for evaluating serial algorithms are inadequate for analyzing the performance of parallel algorithm-architecture combinations. Isoeeciency function has proven useful for evaluating the performance of a wide variety of such combinations. On a sequential computer, the fastest algorithm for solving a given problem is the best algorithm. However, the performance of a parallel algorithm for a speciic problem instance on a given number of processors provides only limited information. The time taken by a parallel algorithm to solve a problem instance depends on the problem size, the number of processors used to solve the problem, and machine characteristics such as: processor speed, speed of communication channels, type of interconnection network, and routing techniques. An algorithm that yields good performance for a selected problem on a xed number of processors on a given machine may perform poorly if any of these parameters are changed. Hence, the evaluation of a parallel algorithm on a parallel computer requires a more comprehensive analysis, and the study of scalability aids us in this analysis. The scalability of a parallel system is a measure of its capacity to deliver linearly increasing speedup with respect to the number of processors used. It reeects the capacity of the parallel system to eeectively utilize an increasing amount of processing resources. Scalability analysis of an architecture-algorithm combination helps us in answering the following questions: How does increasing the number of processors aaect the performance of an algorithm? How does changing the problem size aaect performance? How does changing the computation speed of the processors, or the communication speed of the interconnection network aaect the performance of a parallel computer for a given algorithm? What is the best algorithm and architecture for solving a problem as the problem size and number of processors change? A number of performance evaluation metrics have been developed to study the scalability of parallel algorithms and architectures 3, 4, 10, 11, 12]. Kumar and Gupta 7] provide a comprehensive survey of diierent methods of scalability analysis. The isoeeciency function is one such metric. It relates the size of the problem being solved to the number of processors required to maintain the eeciency at a xed value. An important feature of the isoeeciency function is that it succinctly captures the eeects of characteristics of the parallel algorithm as well as the …


In this study, the components of a particular heavy commercial truck that affect the steering wheel vibration are identified and the most common sources of this vibration are examined. Then, modal analyses and impact hammer tests are implemented to determine the root causes of the vibration. Finally, finite element modeling is applied, and all the results of the analyses are compared to present design improvement recommendations for the reduction in steering wheel vibration, which can be applicable in new projects.


The effect of the residual quenching stresses on the magnetization distribution in thin cast amorphous microwire in zero magnetic field is studied. The cast amorphous microwire has total magnetization in zero magnetic field .


A novel Bar TSV(B-TSV) structure, formed by two semi-cylinders combining with a quadrangular is studied in this paper. This B-TSV structure extends the TSV design options by introducing new design parameters. The scalable electrical model of B-TSV is proposed and the effects of design parameters, such as the side length of quadrangular and the minimum distance between TSVs are investigated and concluded by a 3D electromagnetic solver. Performance comparison between B-TSV and the traditional cylindrical one is also provided by simulation under the Ground-Signal-Ground configuration. Simulation results show that B-TSV has better performance than the traditional one, and can be used to increase the TSV array density without degrading the electrical performance of TSV system.