The founder of modern linguistics,Ferdinand De Saussure,held that a language is a system of signs expressing ideas. It has provided a new view in the study of English intonation. The choice of tone patterns is related closely to the speaker's social identity or gender difference,which is of important social and cultural functions. This writer makes a case study of the English high rising terminal and women's intonation,along with experimental phonetics approach and analysis of variance to examine the set intonational patterns claimed by some sociolinguists.


IntroductionSoccer is currently considered the most popular sport, and research show that, worldwide, there are about 200 thousand athletes playing it professionally and 240 million as non-professional players (33). Soccer is a team sport and its practice involves specific techniques, game tactics and several skills such as, jumping, running, rapid acceleration, sudden stops, speeding and shots (1, 6). The improvement of these attributes is the key in achieving the aim of the game, scoring goals in the opposing team (7). The possibility of scoring a goal comes from short or long passes which require accurate technique combined with speed in the running movement (2). A large part of these actions is performed in shots touching off a swift move with quick ball passes and this is considered the best tactic propriety to obtain good results in the game (29). In addition, a fast kick is able to cause the ball to move fast and it can affect the reaction time of the goalkeeper, increasing the success rates in scoring a goal (29). Therefore, one of the main training objectives is to improve the techniques of kicks, passes and to increase the running speed of soccer players. Thus, the factors which influence the running speed and ball kicking have been the object of study in several research (21, 17, 19). The results suggest that the final length of the pitch before touching the ball, position of torso and arm alter the shooting speed (17). It was also found that the ball's speed may be affected by characteristics, such as strength, coordination of the lower limbs and technical capacity in small children who are still in their development period (21). Thus, a possible strategy to maximize the performance of this condition in soccer would be proprioceptive training (PT) or central stabilization (CS).Proprioception comprises balance as a dynamic episode comprising a combination of primary stability and mobility to maintain a position in space or to move in a controlled and coordinated manner (3). Central stabilization is admitted as a biomechanical support efficient in maximizing the strength between the static stabilizers maintaining an effective posture (25). These features are directly linked to the sport performance and largely related to features such as, strength, speed, coordination and speed which are hardly developed simultaneously and/or prioritized in conventional physical training (4, 9). Recently it has been suggested that a sensorimotor training helps to improve power, strength and jumping ability in untrained individuals, but recreationally active (14, 20). However, there are other evidences reporting no increase in strength development rates with the sensorimotor training (10, 30). In this context, we can perceive that the results are still conflicting moreover this issue was little analyzed in individuals practicing soccer trying to disclose improvements in speed and agility. The implement of these types of training, the possibility of improving the specific ability of the sport together with increases in running speed is promising and they can be of great value for the prescription of technicians. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of proprioceptive training and central stabilization related to physical fitness in youth soccer player athletes.MethodsParticipantsThe sample consisted of 24 young men who were selected from a group of soccer players in the youth category with similar physical exercise levels (2 or 3 times a week), training history (3 years practice), active at the non-professional youth soccer leagues, aged from 14 to 17 years old. The players would be excluded from this study case if they had previously been involved in a formal program of neuromuscular and/or central stabilization training, presented a lesion in the last six months, recent postoperative and/or continuous use of any controlled medication. All participants and their parents were told about the purpose, content and the risks of the study before the investigation. …


Studies were done in Cecil County, Md., during summer 1981 in which racemic disparlure was used to disrupt mating of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L). The disruptant was applied in ropes of laminated plastic tape manually placed in a grid in replicated I-ha forest plots at the rates of 0, 25, or 250 g (AI)/ha. Significant decreases in male trap catch and in mating success occurred with increasing dose for both released and natural populations of female moths. Both trap catch suppression and female mating disruption were density dependent; greater suppression occurred in lower density gypsy moth populations than in higher density populations for a given dose of disruptant. The presence or absence of traps baited with pheromone did not significantly affect female matching success. The 250 g (AI)/ha dose of disruptant suppressed populations of 40 immatures per burlap band. Because of the current cost of the disruptant, population suppression by mating disruption appears to be practical only when relatively low doses of disruptant are used against low density populations of gypsy moths.


This research analyzes the strategies and behaviors of political action committees (PACs) and political parties with regard to campaign contributions to state legislative candidates. Utilizing data from three states-New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina, we find that PACs contribute disproportionately to incumbents, with little regard to the expected competitiveness of the election. We also find evidence that PACs are somewhat more likely to fund members of the majority party. In contrast, we find that political party organizations exhibit a different strategy, and that this strategy varies according to the minority/majority status of the legislative party. Specifically, we find minority parties develop an "additive" strategy, one aimed at increasing their numbers in the legislature. Majority parties are more likely to develop a "protectionist" strategy, one which favors incumbents, especially vulnerable incumbents. The purpose of this article is to analyze the strategies of political action committees (PACs) and political parties in making contributions to state legislative election campaigns. It is intended to advance our understanding of the financing of state legislative election campaigns through the collection and analysis of comparable data from recent legislative elections in three states: New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina. Previous research has indicated that PACs give their money predominantly to incumbents. Most PACs appear to be primarily interested in obtain


. The total working principle of this project concentrates towards the study in determining the diabetic level and its effect in parallel intake of insulin. This model leads to determine the diabetic level and the effectiveness as well as securing insulin, Glargine measure up to the Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH), in pregnancy ladies hav-ing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) by using fuzzy reliability function and its alpha cuts. By using this model, level of diabetes would be controlled with the support of insulin therapy treatment more than non insulin therapy patients. This mathematical modelling assists in determining the level of insulin during the treatment.


While the Japanese colonial government was launching its land survey in Keelung during the early colonial period (1898-1905), there was a series of land ownership disputes between Japanese owners of building lots ("diji zhu") and Taiwanese owners of buildings ("cuo zhu") in the Keelung city area. Taiwanese scholar Jiang Bing-kun sees these events as a form of colonial plunder. He considers the traditional multiple land ownership system in Keelung city equivalent to the system in effect throughout the rest of Taiwan, where the Taiwanese owners had actual control over their building lots and Japanese owners merely had the right to claim a fixed rent from Taiwanese owners. Therefore, Jiang believes, the Land Survey Bureau's eventual granting of land ownership to Japanese owners demonstrates a violation of Taiwanese land rights by the colonial government. However, Japanese legal scholar Nishi Hideaki recently put forth a different analysis in terms of jurisprudence by examining the reports of the Provisional Investigation Committee of Taiwan's Old Customs and contemporary newspaper materials. He suggests that land ownership customs of building lots in the Keelung city area were distinct from those in the rest of Taiwan. According to his reasoning, Japanese owners in the Keelung city area possessed the rights over the buildings and the land, and also had the right to demand rent increases or to terminate leases with the Taiwanese owners of buildings. It was a simple relationship of land lease. Therefore, he thinks that the Land Survey Bureau's resolution for these disputes was legitimate. This paper reconsiders these events by studying the historical materials of the Provisional Land Survey Burean of Taiwan and contemporary newspapers from the perspective of legal and social history, and finds both of the previous explanations erroneous and incomplete because they only partially consider the legal social history of the disputes. In the first stage, the Land Survey Burean's local investigation committee and the law court of the Governor-General's Office held that the Taiwanese owners possessed complete ownership rights and nullified the claims of the Japanese owners. During the second stage, dissatisfied Japanese owners took advantage of Taiwanese owners' unfamiliarity with the modern legal culture and fabricated evidence to prove that the Keelung city area's land ownership system was unique within Taiwan. This act of forgery led senior investigators of the Land Survey Burean to alter the original verdict and affirm the sole land ownership rights of the Japanese investors. It is true that the outcome of these events was a form of colonial plunder, but its process was disguised by the workings of modern jurisprudence.


Diabetes Mellitus is a public health problem associated with complications such as neuropathy; however, it has been proposed that these may begin to develop during prediabetes and may also be present in persons with obesity. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the presence of signs and/or symptoms of peripheral nerve dysfunction in people living with diabetes, which increases the risk of developing complications and has a deleterious impact on quality of life. As part of the therapeutic protocol for diabetes, screening tests to identify peripheral neuropathy are suggested, however, there are no recommendations for people with prediabetes and obesity without symptoms such as pain, numbness, or paresthesias. Moreover, clinical screening tests that are usually used to recognize this alteration, such as tendon reflex, temperature sensation, and pressure and vibration perception, might be subjective as they depend on the evaluator's experience thus the incorrect application of these tests may not recognize the damage to small or large-nerve fibers. Recent evidence suggests that an objective study such as the impairment of the rate-dependent depression of the H-reflex could be used as a biomarker of spinal disinhibition and hence may provide more information on sensorimotor integration.


At the request of the USAID Mission in Malawi the USAID-funded Health Policy Project (HPP) undertook a comprehensive facility-based assessment to ascertain the extent to which FP services have been integrated into HIV services in Malawi through different integration models and across various types of facilities (public and non-profit private). The study was also designed to examine how the reproductive rights of people living with HIV (PLHIV) are being respected and addressed through approaches such as PIFP and access to method choice. Finally the study aimed to identify any systems-level barriers to integration and provide practical recommendations for the Ministry of Health (MOH) and other stakeholders to improve FP-HIV integrated services in Malawi.


................................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... iv Table of contents ................................................................................................................. v Chapter 1: Introduction.................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Setting the stage for mind control .................................................................................... 2 1.1 The Problem ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Asking the right questions .................................................................................................. 6 1.4 The right parasites for the job ........................................................................................... 9 1.5 General approach ................................................................................................................ 14 1.6 Thesis structure, aims and hypotheses ....................................................................... 16 Chapter 2: Lessons in Mind Control:Trends in Research on the Molecular Mechanisms Behind Parasite-Host Behavioural Manipulation* ..................... 18 2.2 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Immunological Host Manipulation ............................................................................... 21 2.3.1 Immunological Manipulation of Vertebrates .................................................................. 21 2.3.2 Immunological Manipulation of Invertebrates .............................................................. 25 2.3.3 Tumor Necrosis Factor Family: A Key Player in Immunological Manipulation? ......................................................................................................................................................................... 29 2.4 Proteomic and Genomic Host Manipulation.............................................................. 30 2.4.1 Proteomic Manipulation ........................................................................................................... 30 2.4.2 Genomic Manipulation .............................................................................................................. 33 2.4.3 Integrating Immune and Proteomic/Genomic Pathways .......................................... 37 2.5 Neuropharmacological Host Manipulation ................................................................ 37 2.5.1 Monoamines and Hormones ................................................................................................... 37 2.5.2 Challenges in Assessing Neurochemical Behavioral Manipulation ....................... 39 2.6 Symbiont-Mediated Manipulation ................................................................................ 43 2.6.1 Viruses as Vectors for Behavioral Manipulation ........................................................... 43 2.6.2 Symbiogenesis: A Potential Evolutionary Outcome of Symbiont-Mediated Manipulation ............................................................................................................................................. 44 2.7 Trends in Host Manipulation Research ....................................................................... 45 2.7.1 The Imbalance between Identification and Mechanistic Studies ........................... 45 2.7.2 Specializing in a Sea of Host-Parasite Systems ............................................................... 47 2.7.3 Fully Realizing a Multi-Dimensional Phenomenon ...................................................... 49 2.7.4 Redefining the Term Proximate in the Host Manipulation Literature ................. 51 2.8 Concluding Remarks........................................................................................................... 54 Chapter 3: Comparative experimental test of hydrophilia in two mermithid-host systems ................................................................................................ 56 3.2 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 57 3.2.1 Hairworm vs mermithid life cycle and host ecology.................................................... 57 3.2.2 Infected sandhopper vs. earwig life-cycle and ecology............................................... 60 3.2.3 Hypotheses/predictions for behavioural test ................................................................. 63 3.3 Methods ................................................................................................................................... 64 3.4 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 68 3.4.1 Earwig infection status relative to water entry rate .................................................... 68 3.4.2 Sandhopper infection status relative to water entry rate ......................................... 69


Background and purpose:P16 and P21 protein are suppressors that are mainly involved in modulating cell cycle and regulating cell proliferation. The deletion, inactivation of p16 and p21 genes may be related to multiple carcinogenesis and progression. This study was to investigate the P16, P21 protein expression, its deletion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to evaluate the relationship between the p16, p21 gene and the hepatocarcinogenesis.. Methods:The expression of P16, P21 protein and the gene status in 42 cases of HCC and 36 cases of tumor-adjacent non-cancerous tissues were examined by Western Blotting and Reverse Transcription-Polymerase chain Reaction(RT-PCR). Results:The loss of p16 protein expression was observed in 24 cases of HCC (57.1%, 24/42) and in 5 cases of tumor-adjacent non-cancerous tissues (13.9%, 5/36), there were similar patterns for the loss of P21 protein expression, 45.2% (19/42) in HCC and 19.4% (7/36) in tumor-adjacent non-cancerous tissues, respectively (P0.05). 14 cases(38.9%,14/36) in HCCs only expressed the p16mRNA but did not express the protein. A lack of p16, p21 expression correlated with histological differentiation grade (P0.05) and the tumor size (P0.05), but not with the encapsulation and hepatocirrhosis. Conclusions:The p16 and p21 gene inactivation has a close relationship with hepatocarcinogenesis. P16 and P21 protein may have reference value to estimate the degree of differentiation and prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.


As compared to the high frequency squinted mode SAR, it is more difficult to processing the low frequency highly squinted SAR. In this paper, we present an extended wavenumber domain algorithm and study its application on low frequency highly squinted SAR imaging. The expressions of squinted SAR in wavenumber domain are deducted in detail, and the Stolt interpolation method in 2D frequency domain for squinted SAR is proposed. The performance of Range-Doppler algorithm and extended wavenumber domain algorithm for processing low frequency highly squinted SAR is compared. At last, simulation results proved that the extended wavenumber domain algorithm is more suitable for low frequency highly squinted SAR. (4 pages)


Urinary tract infections can occur in any part of the urinary tract – kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra. Women have a higher risk of developing urinary tract infections than men, due to the female anatomy. The urethra is shorter in women, so the penetration of microorganisms into the deeper parts of the urinary system is much easier. Slow and weak urination usually occurs in older men and is the result of an enlarged prostate. The same symptom can also occur in older women, and it is a consequence of the weakening of the bladder walls. In women, the presence of myoma in the uterus can cause similar problems.


The invention discloses an active power distribution network control strategy and method. The method includes the following steps that firstly, all circuits and distributed power source information are initialized; secondly, t is equal to zero, and initial load flow calculation preparation is conducted; thirdly, the changes of P and Q are compared, whether load changes exist or not is judged; fourthly, normal operation is conducted, and adjustment is not made; fifthly, primary adjustment of a system is conducted; sixthly, secondary adjustment of the system is conducted; seventhly, frequency control is conducted; eighthly, voltage control is conducted; ninthly, active output and reactive output are adjusted, and the offset is adjusted; tenthly, a new round of load flow calculation is prepared. According to the active power distribution network control strategy and method, global optimization can be achieved only with the communication of local information, the control efficiency is improved, and the control cost is reduced; due to the layered control over an active power distribution network, the logic and the function of protection can be verified more comprehensively, more efficiently and faster, the functions of control and protection are fully developed, the safe and reliable operation of a power grid is ensured, the debugging manpower and the debugging material resources are greatly saved, the production cost is lowered, and industrialization, application and popularization in the future are facilitated.


Automated transit systems require high level of integration among all the electrical and mechanical systems. It is necessary to address thoroughly all the operational and functional requirements in order to ensure the compatibility among all the systems can be achieved. This paper will describe the processes in establishing a generic functional requirements model undertaken by Land Transport Authority of Singapore based from our experiences of the past fully automated transit system projects. This model forms one of the key pillars of our overall systems engineering process which will be used for future projects. The methodology and approach adopted in establishing these generic models will also be described. Experience gained in setting up such model will also be given in the paper.


Numerical modeling has been effectively used in this study to assess the potential and production sustainability of the Pilgrim Hot Springs geothermal system in Alaska. The TOUGH 2 software package was used to generate numerical simulation and stimulation models. The fluid and heat flow in the geothermal system were reconstructed using geological and geophysical constraints with model simulation parameters optimized via a history matching of subsurface temperature profiles. The reservoir simulation model was used to predict the heat loss from the system for both conductive and convective heat fluxes. This served as the basis for the development of reservoir stimulation model encompassing a production scenario with a plausible configuration of production and injection wells. This reservoir stimulation model was used to estimate the thermal energy from the production wells. The estimated energy potential of the Pilgrim Hot Springs geothermal system from the reservoir simulation model is about 28 MWThermal and from the stimulation model is about 50 MWThermal. Assuming that an electrical power generation system similar to Chena Hot Springs is used, the estimated thermal capacity of the shallow Pilgrim Hot Springs system implies a likely generation capacity of 2.8 to 5.0 MWElectric. Suggested Reviewers: Wendy Calvin email@example.com Marianna Eneva firstname.lastname@example.com John C Mars firstname.lastname@example.com


Author Title Number of Pages Date Thao Nguyen Capacitive Sensing of Water Level 54 pages + 2 appendices 24 May 2016 Degree Bachelor of Engineering Degree Programme Electronics Specialisation option Sensor Instructors Thierry Baills, Principal Lecturer Jan-Erik Eskelinen, Software Engineer In this thesis, the application of capacitive sensing technology in liquid level monitoring will be analysed specifically. Applying the related techniques to design a sensor port of high sensitivity is the target which allows a high accuracy and reliability of measurement. The project involves improving the quality of the control signal by the capacitive sensor, which is demanded with several particular specifications in practice of a commercial product's design requirements. Therefore, the practicability of the project makes this paper being considered as a more applicable than theoretical document of technical research. The implementation was taken advantage of approaches and methods. A wide source for a literature review was exploited for information collection of advanced capacitance calculation theory and existing applications of liquid level capacitive sensing. Expert and professional discussions were conducted on a regular basis of meetings with the instructors and the engineer team. Practical labs were substantially carried out for simulating and prototyping the sensor with computer-aid design programs and lab devices at school or company. Test codes were written in the online compiler an integrated development environment on ARM mbed developer site. The work results in digging deeper into the understanding of capacitive sensing, capacitance to digital conversion and their applications in water level tracking. Furthermore, it is satisfactory with a complete product of the sensor port, the sufficient accuracy of measurements and the first skills learned from designing a flexible printed circuit. Overall, the practice of the training process is fulfilled and preparatory for the valuable working experience and techniques of electronic systems designing and embedded systems programming in a coming future of a graduate in Electronics Engineering. To sum up, this document can be used as an application note of advanced capacitive sensing technology for tracking the height level of any light viscosity fluid in a symmetrical-shaped reservoir. The specifications of capacitance to digital converter FDC1004 with inter-integrated circuit data transfer are also sharpened as a beneficial reference for a broad range of different applications using this capacitive sensing technology.


Introduction Credit Derivative Products Structured Credit Products 3 Credit Linked Notes Collateralised Debt Obligations Credit Derivatives Pricing and Valuation Credit Modelling/Credit Portfolio Management Credit Derivative Applications Credit Derivative Markets


Ultrashallow seismic reflection surveys require dense spatial sampling during data acquisition, which increases their cost. In previous efforts to find ways to reduce these costs, we connected geophones rigidly to pieces of channel iron attached to a farm implement. This method allowed us to plant the geophones in the ground quickly and automatically. The rigidly interconnected geophones used in these earlier studies detected first-arrival energy along with minor interfering seismic modes, but they did not detect seismic reflections. To examine further the feasibility of developing rigid geophone emplacement systems to detect seismic reflections, we experimented with four pieces of channel iron, each 2.7 m long and 10 cm wide. Each segment was equipped with 18 geophones rigidly attached to the channel iron at 15-cm intervals, and the spikes attached to all 18 geophones were pushed into the ground simultaneously. The geophones detected both refracted and reflected energy; however, no significant signal distortion or interference attributable to the rigid coupling of the geophones to the channel iron was observed in the data. The interfering seismic modes mentioned from the previous experiments were not detected, nor was any P-wave propagation noted within the channel iron. These results show promise for automating and reducing the cost of ultrashallow seismic reflection and refraction surveys.


Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a syndrome usually related to induction of ovulation for in-vitro fertilization. Its occurrence is rare in pregnant females. To our knowledge, only twelve cases of spontaneous OHSS (without any ovulation induction therapy) in non-pregnant women with primary hypothyroidism exist in the published literature. This case study illustrates the association of spontaneous OHSS with primary hypothyroidism in a 17 year old female, which showed complete resolution after initiation of thyroxine therapy. Hence, we need to emphasize the need for clinicians and radiologists to enlighten themselves with the clinical symptomatology and imaging findings of spontaneous OHSS in primary hypothyroidism, which is still not well-known medical and radiological condition. Sufficient knowledge of the clinical and imaging findings of OHSS helps in prompt diagnosis and avoids advancement to life threatening complications and unwanted surgery.


This report details initial results of a large scale accountability test program which was recently carried out in the Redox Facility. The test, as originally planned which was to consist of the complete processing (no inventory-clean plant basis) of about 55 tons of selected metal in conjunction with an extensive analytical, sampling, and volume measurement program. With the exception of two incidents, the processing requirements (minimum inventory and measurement of all material) necessary to the success of the test, were met. The two incidents which increase the uncertainties associated with some of the material balance values obtained were: the discharge of an estimated 700 pounds of uranium to the floor in a transfer from F-5 to F-4 due tot he improper installation of the F-5 to F-4 transfer line (jumper) and the discovery of a large accumulation of plutonium ({approximately} 15 kg) in the L-2 stripping tower after completion of the test run.


Tetanus is an acute central nerons system intoxication and neuromuromuscalar disorders caused by clostridium tetani and its exotoin. Author contemplated a clinical review of the tetanus in 27 cases during 10 years period from Jan. 1976 to Sep. 1985 at the Dept. of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University. The following results were obtained; 1) The ratio of Male to female was 1.5 : 1. 2) The most frequent age group was 4th decade, in 8 cases(29.6%) 3) The summer showed most high incidence in 11 cases(40.7%). 4) 11 cases(40.7%) of these had one to two weeks of incubation period, and poor prognosis was observed in shorter incubation period. 5) Mode of infection was through the open injuries predominantly, in 20 cases(74.1%). 6) Causative wounds were chiefly located in the. lower extremities in 12 cases(44.4%) and followed by upper extremities wound in 9 cases(33.3%). 7) The most common complication was pneumonia in 8 cases(29.6%).


There has been an increasing need for a more efficient organization of primary health care sectors within National Health Service (NHS) based countries. Several governments have attempted to stimulate efficiency improvements by means of innovative reforms in the organization of primary care units. This study proposes a tool to compare differences in performance between two primary care organizational models and to evaluate the impact of extending current reforms in the Portuguese primary care sector. Few studies in literature have quantified the impact of these recent primary care reforms. Thus, stochastic discrete event simulation models were built with the purpose of comparing the performance of the recently implemented family health units (FHUs) vs. primary health care centres (PHCCs). The simulation models were implemented in the Simul8 simulation software and embraced nineteen primary health care units from three municipalities of the Greater Lisbon sub-region: Lisbon, Oeiras and Cascais. Using the available information regarding the resources, production and costs of these units, the correspondent models were calibrated and validated. After the validation of the models, we compared the two organizational models and analysed with detail the possible gains or losses that result from the direct conversion of all studied PHCCs into FHUs. Key results follow: a potential increase of 10% in the 'production' of ambulatory consultations that might contribute for solving the problem of having population not allocated to a GP; there is an average reduction in the number of days for a consultation in 50%, meaning that substantial gains on scheduling appointments are achieved; regarding acute cases, there is a potential decrease on waiting times from the shifting of large PHCCs, and thus improving efficiency and quality; and finally, regarding the costs, results suggest an increase on overall costs for smaller PHCCs and the opposite (cost reductions) for the conversion of large PHCCs into FHUs. From all the obtained results, the final conclusion for the present study is that the ongoing Portuguese primary health care reform of implementing family health units leads to visible improvements on the accessibility, efficiency, quality and costs within this sector.


This report outlines the results of work performed at the Colorado School of Mines, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Texas A and M University during the second reporting phase of this project. The sub-projects focused on this year include: (1) Biotransformation of Pu-contaminated soil; (2) Environmental colloids at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site; (3) Production, isolation and characterization of EPS (exopolymeric substances, or exopolysaccharides); (4) Colloid trapping; (5) Determination of stability constants of complexes of Pu(IV) with organic ligands; and (6) The role of bacterial EPS in the transport of Pu through saturated porous media.


In this paper, the teaching practice is described, as well as its function in university formation. The preliminary results of the evaluation of educational performance, are presented, starting from the following categories: instructional planning, evaluation, teaching styles, and variations in didactic materials. The provisional results shown herein seem to contradict a didactic interaction that fosters competent professionals.


Abstract This study examines the impact of leader-member exchange (LMX) and the moderating role of empowerment on employee voice behavior. A sample of 314 supervisor-subordinate dyadic exchanges was collected from a manufacturing firm in Mainland China. The results provided support the view that LMX and empowerment were both significantly associated with employee voice behavior. The positive relationship between LMX and employee voice behavior was stronger when employees received higher levels of empowerment. Theoretical and managerial implications of the research are discussed.


Four issues related to remote diagnosis were discussed through analyzing theory and citing instances,and they were all generated by remote diagnosis' feature.Due attention should be paid to these issues by experts when they were carrying out remote diagnosis.Finally suggestions to solve problems were put forward.


Objective To study the application of chemical-shift MR imaging during percutaneous acetic acid chemical ablation procedures in rabbits bearing liver tumor. Methods VX2 tumors were carried out in 18 rabbits. Chemical-shift MR imaging was performed in phantom and VX2 tumors rabbits during percutaneous chemical ablation with FRFSE on a 1.5T MR scanner. Results Phantom data demonstrated focal increases in the observed signal in chemical-shift MR imaging that correlated well with the site of injection. The study in a hepatic VX2 tumor of rabbits revealed focal signal at the injection site. It was significant positive in the radiologic-pathologic correlation. Conclusion Chemical-shift MR imaging may be used to visualize the acetic acid distribution during percutaneous chemical ablation procedures.


A spectrophotometric assay was developed with the specific aim of determining the content in foods of iron-binding phenolic compounds. Foods were extracted with dimethylformamide (50%) and an ironcontaining reagent was added. The resulting color was due to formation of Fe-galloyl and Fe-catechol complexes. These complexes had different absorbance maxima and could thus be separately determined by readings at two wavelengths. The method was simple and had good precision, accuracy and analytical recovery. The new method was compared with two commonly used methods for determination of phenolic content in cereals, fruits, vegetables, spices and beverages.


KINESIOLOGY, 2013, 15(1): 131-143 . The Effects of Dynamic Stability Exercise and Active Stretching Exercise on Fore and Rear Foot Pressure Distribution and Posture in Patients with Turtle Neck Posture. [INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this study was to eval-uate the influence of active stretching and dynamic stability exercises on Turtle neck posture. [METHOD] In order to judge the turtle neck posture, 42 persons with inclination disorder who were selected based on the New York state posture evaluation table were grouped randomly into the group of dynamic stability exercises, the group of active stretching exercise, and the control group, and the exercise program were applied to each intervention group of exercise 3 times a week for 4 weeks and nothing was applied to the control group. As the methods of measurement, the Balance analysis and postural changes analysis were conducted before exercising, pre treatment, after 2 weeks, after 4 weeks and the evaluation of posture was meas-ured before exercising and after finishing, and the data collected from these procedures were analyzed. [RESULT] The comparison of the variation due to the duration of fore and rear foot static pressure distribution the analysis on the decreased due to the exercise duration( p <.05). The comparison of the variation due to the duration of fore and rear foot dynamic pressure distribution the analysis on the decreased due to the exercise duration( p <.05). [CONCLUSION] The seeking for the posture change in pre-post exercise showed the results of no effective difference between the three groups.


D. Manco, CNR-FISBAT, Bologna (Italy) F. Caiffa, CNR-FISBAT, Bologna (Italy) T. TIrabassi, CNR-FISBAT, Bologna (Italy) S. Corsi, CERVED, Padova (Italy) We analyze the influence of wind distribution in probability where density function of ground concentrations of material emitted in the atmosphere. We know that the wind distribution follows a Weibull function and we demonstrate that the ground concentrations follows a Weibull distrtbution too. The Weibull SAS program aims at representing the trend of positions measurements (quantiles and percentiles) relative to concentrations distribution of airborne material using the Weibull distribution. In particular we analyze the statistical distribution of airborne pollen grains, but the same program can be used to evaluate the density distribution of air pollution. We illustrate the program structure, in particular we treate in detail how is possible to give rtse a graphic output that represents a straight line if the concentrations follow a Weibull distribution; the problem is to transforme the variables to obtain a straight line and to print the values of the no-transformed variables on the rispective axes. Since these operations turn out to be recurring for each of the input files to be aquired it was decided to use a Macro which is able to parametrize the control of three Data Set and their vartables.


Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) is a virus of the genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae, causing leaf curl disease on tomato. Information about the genetic diversity of the virus can be useful in plant breeding program. Advances in molecular biology have generated some techniques that can be used for genetic analysis of Begomoviruses. Molecular technique widely applied for this purpose is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This technique is highly sensitive and specific for detecting Begomovirus at the DNA level. PCR can also be used to determine genetic diversity of the virus. PCR techniques have been used to detect Begomovirus associated with tomatoes (ToLCV) from East Java, Central Java, West Java, Yogyakarta, and Sumatra. Combination of PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique has also been used to identify genetic diversity of Begomovirus. DNA sequencing technique has been applied to identity the genetic diversity of ToLCV or other Begomovirus. Based on the analysis of amino acid sequences, it has been obtained information related to genetic diversity of the ToLCV isolates. The isolates were homolog with Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV). Meanwhile, gene modification (genetic engineering) techniques have been successfully utilized AV1 (coat protein) gene isolated from ToLCV to generate tobacco plant that resistant to ToLCV. Gene modification techniques greatly provide opportunities to develop ToLCV resistant tomato and have an important role in modern agriculture in the future.


The oscillation of second order neutral equations with distributed deviating arguments is studied. By using a class of parameter functions $\Phi(t,s,l)$ and the generalized Riccati technique, some new oscillation criteria for the equations are obtained. The obtained results are different from most known ones and can be applied to many cases which are not covered by existing results. Two examples are also included to show the significance of our results.


Optically detected, picosecond-domain photocarrier transport measurements for hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) p-i-n diodes with uniform and nonuniform electric fields are reported. The transient electroabsorption bleaching mechanism for optical detection is described, and the interpretation of these transients is extended to the case of nonuniform electric fields. A technique for using surface-absorbed light and optical detection for measurement of nonuniform electric fields is presented. >


Accumulating evidence implicates Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as an etiological factor in multiple sclerosis (MS). If EBV is a "driver" that causes antiviral immunity with associated autoimmune components rather than a "trigger" that unleashes self-perpetuating autoimmunity, then elimination of EBV would be a rational therapy for MS. Description If EBV is a "driver" of MS by inducing antiviral immunity with associated autoimmunity, elimination of EBV may be a rational therapy.


The properties of 2M1207b, a young (∼8 Myr) planet-mass companion, have lacked a satisfactory explanation for some time. The combination of low luminosity, red near-IR colors, and L-type near-IR spectrum (previously consistent with Teff ∼ 1600 K) implies an abnormally small radius. Early explanations for the apparent underluminosity of 2M1207b invoked an edge-on disk or the remnant of a recent protoplanetary collision. The discovery of a second planet-mass object (HR8799b) with similar luminosity and colors as 2M1207b indicates that a third explanation, one of a purely atmospheric nature, is more likely. By including clouds, non-equilibrium chemistry, and low gravity, an atmosphere with effective temperature consistent with evolution cooling-track predictions is revealed. Consequently, 2M1207b, and others like it, requires no new physics to explain nor do they belong to a new class of objects. Instead they most likely represent the natural extension of cloudy substellar atmospheres down to low Teff and log (g). If this atmosphere only explanation for 2M1207b is correct, then very young planet-mass objects with near-IR spectra similar to field T dwarfs may be rare.


Numerous precious researches that have been conducted at professional and academia level have established Islamic banking to be superior and a viable manner of banking in terms of profitability and stability. The objective of the study would be to analyze the performance of Islamic banks and conventional banks during the crisis and after the crisis. The study will further focus on finding the steps that have been taken by the banks so as to reduce the effects of crisis. The study will be examined by comparing the performance of Islamic and conventional banks based in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) during the period of 2008 – 2011 by deploying the CAMEL testing factors. A sample of 17 Islamic banks and 10 conventional banks were selected to study the objective. Using the 2 tailed t test, our study found out that after crisis Islamic bank increased their LLR, while conventional banks increased their LLR and EQTA. During the four year period of 2008 – 2011, Islamic banks possessed adequate capital structure but have recorded lower ROAE and poor management efficiency. Asset quality and liquidity for both the modes of banking system have not recorded any significant difference.


A 63-year-old woman reported a chronic clinical evolution of one year characterized by steatorrhea, associated with episodes of diffuse abdominal pain, cramping and "hot flashes" also redness on the face and upper trunk . The diagnostic approach of chronic diarrhea is a challenge for physicians and specialists, especially, when accompanied by nonspecific manifestations such as abdominal pain and the presence of "hot flashes". The coexistence of several of these symptoms must be ruled various pathologies that represent high morbidity and mortality for the patient. Irritable bowel syndrome, pheochromocytoma, hyperthyroidism, carcinoid syndrome, among others, are conditions to exclude in any case. This article aims to provide the differential diagnosis of the diseases that have these symptoms, seeking to lead the reader to the definitive diagnosis of the patient.


Content delivery between various devices in the wireless environment is increasing rapidly due to the increasing number of mobile devices and recent advances in wireless transmission technologies. One of the issues that need to be resolved in this situation is timely and fast delivery of the requested content to maximize user satisfaction. Content-Centric Networking (CCN) can be considered as an effective way to resolve this issue. CCN is a new networking paradigm for providing more efficient, scalable, secure, and collaborative communications compared to the traditional host-centric networking paradigm. In this paper, we present a CCN-based mechanism for fast content delivery in wireless networks and analyze its performance in terms of transmission efficiency.


Chemokine BRAK/CXCL14 (BRAK) is expressed in normal squamous epithelium but not expressed or expressed only negligible level in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We have previously demonstrated that expression of BRAK mRNA showed cell-density-dependent up-regulation by cell contact. However, subcellular mechanisms of cell-density-dependent BRAK expression are still unknown. In this study, we tried to determine transcription factors that affect BRAK expression by comprehensively analyzing the gene expression using a cDNA microarray. After culturing HSC-3 cells (a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma derived cell line) in high density culture conditions, we extracted total RNA and analyzed genes that associated with BRAK expression. We found 1883 genes that upregulated with BRAK expression. Then we applied the information extraction system provided by Nalapro Technologies Inc., Tokyo. This information extraction system uses natural language processing and text mining technology. This system analyzes the sentences and titles from abstracts stored in the PubMed database, and can automatically extract binary relations that consist of interactions between genes/proteins, chemicals and diseases/functions. We could extract 5 transcription factors, SP1, BACH2, PAX5, JUN, NFкB, which could affect BRAK expression by the text mining. We constructed Sh-RNAs against these factors and transfected them into HSC3 cells. Among these Sh-RNAs, SP1 could only attenuated the stimulation of BRAK mRNA expression in high-density cultures, and thus considered to be a transcription factor for BRAK gene. From these results, the text mining technology would be helpful for analyzing target transcription factors for BRAK regulation.


We propose a concept for an in situ dating experiment for a planetary mission, based on 40 Ar39 Ar dating and cosmogenic noble gas nuclides.


To assess topographic characteristics of the optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and study the effect of ocular and physiological factors on them in a middle‐aged population.


Neurological diseases have attracted much attention as they have become the second leading cause of death worldwide. Several works on neuromodulation were reported to improve patients' quality of life or the body's functionality. After the early discovery of the gating theory, electrical stimulation was used to relieve chronic pain. In recent years, several other neuromodulation techniques, including thermal, and pharmacological stimulation, were proposed to improve the effectiveness. In this paper, some of the related researches on electrical, thermal, and pharmacological stimulation are summarized. Scientists are searching for more suitable therapies for neuromodulation now, including improving probe and electrode materials based on existing protocols. In terms of thermal stimulation, light-induced heating of heat conversion materials are introduced. The three administration routes of oral, intravenous and micropump in pharmacological are also mentioned. It also highlight the researches that combine some new cutting-edge technologies (e.g. nanotechnology) with the neuromodulation technique. In the end, the advantages and disadvantages are discussed, and the prospects are forecasted.


We present a software radio-based testbed for live testing of OFDM radar algorithms. Unlike previous testing setups, the hardware used (Universal Software Radio Peripherals) was low-cost and low-power, thus making the measurement setup both flexible and easy to use. The hardware can be easily battery powered. Both stationary and mobile measurements in realistic scenarios were performed.


A comparison of the surface conditions for aluminum foils made in Japan and China was made,and a method to improve the surface quality of domestic aluminum foil was put forword.Pretreated in 10% H_3PO_4 for 2 min at 70℃ and then in 2 mol/L NaOH for 60s at room temperature,aluminum foil with a chemical conversion film and well distributed holes can be obtained.


The RNA molecule known as the latency-associated transcript (LAT) of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is hydrolyzed into microRNAs that suppress active replication of this virus, which lies dormant within trigeminal nerves of the face between cold sore flare-ups. This finding helps to explain the "mystery of what LAT RNA does," says Bryan Cullen of Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina.


Student' responsible characters are individual and social moral implementation conducted by a student in his involvement in the community to provide behavioral propriety standards. A high school student who is considered to have a selfidentity as adolescents are expected to have empathetic to solve the environment social irregularities occur. When their involvement in social order becomes part of a lesson, then the judgment must be authentic. This study presents authentic assessment descriptions of students' processes, products, and evaluations who have undertaken social studies that have an impact on improving social order. Authentic assessment is executed by giving a duration of 3 months for preparing and doing research. Assessing students' products through presentation in the class is watched and judged by other students as an audience. Provide interpretation of good or bad value as research judgment. This study show that students who are authentic judged have more empathy improve their individual and social character than students who are judged conventionally based on test. Keywords—authentic assessment; evaluation research basedlearning model; learning processess; learning's product; social responsibility


In a double-blind randomized study, sixty-two patients suffering from psoriasis or eczema were treated, twice daily for three weeks, either with 0.05% betamethasone 17, 21-dipropionate cream or with 0.025% fluocinolone acetonide cream. The results showed that both topical corticosteroid preparations were effective, well tolerated and cosmetically acceptable. Fifty-seven per cent of the patients treated with betamethasone dipropionate were rated as being 'much better' in the overall assessment of response at the end of the trial period compared to only 25% of those in the fluocinolone acetonide group.


On the basis of analyzing some defectiveness in current domestic granary monitoring system,design was proposed to use ARM+μCLinux+Web server as hardware and software platform to develop temperature and humidity monitoring system of granary.In embedded system integration of embedded Web server,Users can achieve remote monitoring equipment embedded data and working status through the Internet network,thereby enhancing the monitoring efficiency and reduce the cost of monitoring.The concrete steps of Boa server construction under μCLinux operating system are given in this paper.Some environment parameters such as temperature,humidity,etc.in the granary can be monitored real-timely.From the gathered information,the decision prevention can be made rightly by related governmental departments.


Purpose This study evaluated the outcomes of a telehealth intervention aimed at enhancing exchanges in mother–child dyads who showed an impoverishment of the quality of their feeding interactions and a worsening of their psychopathological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods N=334 mothers and their three-year-old children were recruited to assess their feeding interactions through an observational tool administered via a web platform, and maternal and offspring psychopathological symptoms were measured through the SCL/90-R and the CBCL 1.5–5. This study constitutes the third wave (T3) of a longitudinal research. Results Our results showed that the intervention significantly improved the quality of mother–child feeding interactions. Moreover, mothers' psychopathological symptoms reduced after the intervention, especially in the interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive-compulsive subscales; offspring emotional/behavioral functioning and dysregulation symptoms also decreased, particularly in the subscales of withdrawn anxious/depressed attention problems and aggressive behavior. Conclusion This study adds knowledge to the literature on COVID-19 pandemic effects on psychological health of parents and young children, proposing a method of intervention that had been effectively adopted previously but whose effectiveness had not been investigated during the pandemic.


Due to the continuous demands for highly reliable and cost-effective power conversion, quantified reliability performances of the power electronics converter are becoming emerging needs. The existing reliability predictions for the power electronics converter mainly focus on the metrics of lifetime, accumulated damage, constant failure rate, or mean time to failure. Nevertheless, the time-varying and probability-distributed characteristics of the reliability are rarely involved. Moreover, in the public literatures, there are few evidences showing that the accuracy of the predicted reliability was experimentally validated. In this paper, a more advanced metric "cumulative distribution function (CDF)" is introduced to predict the reliability performance of the power electronics system based on mission profiles in motor drive application. Furthermore, the accuracy of the predicted reliability metrics is verified through a series of wear-out tests in a converter testing system. It is concluded that the CDF is a very suitable metric to predict the reliability performance of the converter, and it has shown good accuracy with much more reliability information compared to the existing approaches. In this method, the correct stress translation and dedicated strength tests based on mission profiles are two key factors to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of reliability prediction.


On the basis of full-scale practical fire tests in an underground building with large space,the characters of fire smoke are studied with and without ceiling decoration in different smoke exhaust conditions.Though the ceiling decoration contributes to smoke exhaust,the experiment results show that the smoke flow would accelerate,so hollowed-out ceiling would be appropriate for storing up the smoke.Because smoke spreads through the atrium quickly,the atrium should immediately be separated from the floors conjoint by fire shutters,at least from the first floor and the floor on fire,and the smoke exhaust system of the floor on fire should be started.


The aim of this qualitative study is to analyse literature on basic research methodology concerning methods, design, types of sampling, the sample size and recent scientific articles in the sphere of language teaching and learning to define current research trends. Twenty articles published in the open access Web of Science indexed journal «Advanced Education» were analysed in terms of scientific methods and sample size used. The journal is semi-annual and peer-reviewed. It highlights the results of scientific research on a wide range of topics in the field of higher education including language teaching and learning. The data was collected through content analysis of twenty publications in language education issued in 2020. Frequencies of methods used and percentages, as well as mean sample size, were calculated. A mixed-method approach was defined as a dominant trend in the majority of articles. It was demonstrated that the learning outcomes coefficient of 0.7 created by Bespalko V. is still used as a reliable way to measure learning outcomes in language teaching and learning research. The mean sample size of the experimental group was defined to be approximately 67 participants. A much bigger sample size was used for surveys. A growth of collaborative research in language teaching and learning was identified as one of the new trends in the sphere of language education in Ukraine. An increase in research cooperation with foreign colleagues was another emerging trend. Poland, the United States, Spain, Turkey, China, and Norway were on the list of research partners. In two out of twenty studies, foreign students were involved as research participants. They were Spanish and Polish learners. Popular methods of qualitative research such as observation, interview, survey, document analysis and the main characteristics of quantitative research were briefly described in the main part of this study based on the personal experience of the authors and analysis of literature dedicated to the theoretical background of research study methods.


Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to identify effectiveness and patients' demand on serious games for COPD patients as well as to recognize potential research gaps in this area by synthesizing and appraising studies examining effects of serious games on COPD patients. Eligibility criteria: OutcomesThe outcomes that include health-related endpoints such as pulmonary function, exercise capacity, dyspnea, compliance, or adverse effects, will be enrolled.Further inclusion criteriaStudies must be peer-reviewed and be in English or Chinese.Exclusion criteriaStudies will be excluded for the following reasons: (1) duplicate records;, (2) studies focused on measurement; diagnostic methods, serious game theory or game development; and (3) conference abstracts or studies that cannot find out full texts.


In his recent article in this Journal, X, I, May 1972, Dr Michael F. Lofchie catalogued what he considers to be the major factors contributing to the Uganda coup. In his analysis, Lofchie emphasises President Obote's 'Move to the Left' ideology for its threat to the privileged position of the military: 'The coup of January 1971 was the army's political response to an increasingly socialist régime whose qualitariar, domestic policies posed more and more of a threat to the military's economic privileges.'


Steam purity refers to the amount of contaminants (solids, liquids or gases) that are present in steam, as opposed to steam quality which is a measure of the amount of moisture in steam. Steam purity is determined by a combination of factors including the chemistry of the produced geothermal fluid, the separation pressure(s), and mechanical carry-over rate of the separation process and the effectiveness of passive and active steam washing processes. Steam purity can be a significant factor in maintaining plant reliability, availability and efficiency in geothermal power plants. Poor steam purity can result in steam turbine and steam handling equipment damage from both erosion and a variety of corrosion mechanisms which can lead to unexpected plant outages and expensive repairs. Accurate monitoring of steam purity is essential to understand the risk and mitigation of steam path damage due to poor steam purity in a particular plant. Determining steam purity in geothermal steam plants can be a challenging endeavour. Saturated steam, low pressures and the presence of gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide make representative sampling and analysis of steam samples less than straight forward. These challenges must be overcome regardless of whether sampling is undertaken by manual grab sampling and laboratory analysis or continuous online monitoring. Where steam purity is poor, options are available to improve steam purity such as steam washing systems and secondary moisture separation. This paper presents some examples of damage that can result from poor steam purity in geothermal power plants, while also discussing options to both monitor and improve geothermal steam purity.


Lazaretal, Mol. Cell. Biol., 1988, vol. 8, pp. 1247-1252.* Wells, Biochemistry, 1990, vol. 29, pp. 8509-8517.* Crystal, R. Science, vol. 270, 1995, pp. 404-410.* Anderson, W. Nature, 1998, vol. 392, pp. 25-30.* Verma et al. Nature, 1997, vol. 389, p. 239-242.* Rubanyi (biol. Aspects Med. (2001) 22:113-142.* Juengst, British Medical Journal, 2003, vol. 326, pp. 1410-1411.* Biet, Franck, et al., "Mycobacterium bovis BCG Producing Interleukin-18 Increases Antigen-Specific Gamma Interferon Pro duction in Mice'. Infection and Immunity, 70(12):6549-6557, Dec. 2002. Bouma, G. and Strober, W., "The Immunological and Genetic Basis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease', Nature Reviews—Immunology, 3:521-533, Jul. 2003. Chen, Ling, et al., "Eradication of Murine Bladder Carcinoma by Intratumor Injection of a Bicistronic Adenoviral Vector Carrying cDNAs for the IL-12 Heterodimer and Its Inhibition by the IL-12p40 Subunit Homodimer'. The Journal of Immunology, 159:351-359, 1997. Dinarello, Charles A., "Interleukin-18'. Methods, 19:121-132, 1999. Dorman, S. E., and Holland, S.M., "Interferon-Y and interleukin-12 pathway defects and human disease'. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews 11:321-333, 2000. Hong, Kenneth, et al., "Persistence of Pathogenic CD4" Th1-Like Cells In Vivo in the Absence of IL-12 but in the Presence of Autoantigen'. The Journal of Immunology, 166:4765-4772, 2001. Lee, Natalie C. et al., "Production of interferon-gamma by tumor sensitized T cells is essential for interleukin-12-induced complete tumor eradication'. Surgery, 132(2): 365-368, Aug. 2002. Lenzi, Renato, et al., "Phase I Study of Intraperitoneal Recombinant Human Interleukin 12 in Patients with Müllerian Carcinoma, Gastrointestinal Primary Malignancies, and Mesothelioma'. Clini cal Cancer Research, 8:3686-3695, Dec. 2002. Marshall, Jason D. et al., "The Interleukin-12-Mediated Pathway of Immune Events Is Dysfunctional in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals". Blood, 94(3):1003-1011, Aug. 1, 1999. Nakanishi, Kenji, et al., "Interleukin-18 is a unique cytokine that stimulates both Th1 and Th2 responses depending on its cytokine milieu'. Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews, 12:53-72, 2001. Neighbors, Margaret, et al., "A Critical Role for Interleukin 18 in Primary and Memory Effector Responses to Listeria Monocytogenes that Extends Beyond its Effects on Interferon Y Production". J. Exp. Med., 194(3):343-354, Aug. 6, 2001. Oikawa, Yoichi, et al., "Systemic Administration of IL-18 Promotes Diabetes Development in Young Nonobese Diabetic Mice'. The Journal of Immunology, 171:5865-5875, 2003. Padigel, Udaikumar M., et al., "The Development of a Th1-Type Response and Resistance to Leishmania major Infection in the Absence of CD40-CD40L Costimulation'. The Journal of Immunol ogy, 167:5874-5879, 2001. Pien, Gary C. et al., "Cutting Edge: Selective IL-18 Requirements for Induction of Compartmental IFN-YResponses During Viral Infec tion". The Journal of Immunology, 165:4787-4791, 2000. Pflanz, Stefan, et al., "IL-27, a Heterodimeric Cytokine Composed of EBI3 and p28 Protein, Induces Proliferation of Naive CD4 T Cells", Immunity, 16: 779-790, Jun. 2002. Nieuwenhuis, Edward E. S., et al., "Disruption of Thelper 2-immune responses in Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3-deficient mice'. PNAS,99(26): 16951-16956, Dec. 24, 2002. Riffault, S. et al., "Transient IFN-Y synthesis in the lymph node draining a dermal site loaded with UV-irradiated herpes simplex virus type 1: an NKand CD3-dependent process regulated by IL-12 but not by IFN-O/B", Journal of General Virology, 81:2365-2373, 2000. Robinson, Douglas S., et al., "Further Checkpoints in Th1 Develop ment". Immunity, 16:755-758, Jun. 2002. Rönnblom, L. and Alm, G., "The Natural Interferon-C. Producing Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus'. Human Immunology, 63; 1181-1193, 2002. Steinman, Lawrence, "Immunotherapy of multiple Sclerosis: the end of the beginning". Current Opinion in Immunology, 13:597-600, 2001. Tannenbaum, C. and Hamilton, T., "Immune-inflammatory mechanisms in IFNY-mediated anti-tumor activity", Cancer Biology, 10:113-123, 2000. Varga, EvaMaria, et al., "T Cells from Human Allergen-Induced Last Asthmatic Responses Express IL-12 Receptor B2 Subunit mRNA and Respond to IL-12 In Vitro". The Journal of Immunology, 165:2877-2885, 2000. Wei, Xiao-qing, et al., "Reduced Incidence and Severity of Collagen Induced Arthritis in Mice Lacking IL-18". The Journal of Immunol ogy, 166:517-521, 2001. Vitetta et al., "Perspectives: Considering Therapeutic Antibodies", Science, 313:308-309, Jul. 21, 2006.


According to the characteristics of banana leaves,the method for isolation of plant cpDNA has been improved by using high ionic strength in combination with low pH buffer to isolate chloroplast and cpDNA from banana with the improved method the obtained cpDNA was of higher purity and its yield reached 1.578 μg/g,which could be directly used in restriction analysis.The method has the advantages of higher yield,better quality and simple manipulation,moreover it has no demand for expensive instrument.Meanwhile,the method is also fit for isolation of chloroplast DNA from other plants with high amylase.


Objective: Since it was reported that expression of HLA-DR antigen by colonic epithelial cells was observed in inflammatory bowel disease, whether this phenomenon is specific for idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease has been controversial. Furthermore, studies concerning the expression of HLA-DR antigen in tuberculous colitis, one of the most common diseases which need differential diagnosis with idioapthic inflammatory bowel diseases in Korea, and Behcet''s colitis, rare in Western countries, have not been reported as yet. The purposes of this study are to test the hypothesis that the expression of HLA-DR antigen by colonic epithelium is specific for idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, and to observe the pattern of the colonic expression of HLA-DR antigen in Behcet''s colitis and to compare with ulcerative colitis and Crohn''s disease. Methods: Multiple colonoscopic biopsies were performed on fifty eight patients(twenty seven ulcerative colitis, four Crohn''s disease, nine Behcet''s colitis, nine infectious colitis, and nine normal control). Immunohistochemical staining using mouse monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody was performed on each biopsy specimens, and was compared according to its histologic activity. Results: 1) In the ulcerative colitis group, 77.2% of specimens with histologically active inflammation expressed HLA-DR antigen, whereas only 15.6% of specimens without active inflammation did, showing significant difference(p 0.05). 3) Colonic epithelial cells of the Behcet''s disease group expressed HLA-DR antigen only in 18.8% of specimens with histologically active inflammation, showing significantly lower rate of positive expression than other inflammatory bowel diseases with active inflammation(67.3%, p<0.005). 4) Overall, 52.2% of specimens with active inflammation expressed epithelial HLA-DR antigen, showing significantly higher rate of positive expression than specimens without active inflammation(19.8%, p<0.005). Conclusion: The epithelial expression of HLA-DR antigen in inflammatory bowel disease seems to be a nonspecific parameter indicating active histologic inflammation, especially in ulcerative colitis, and cannot be used in differential diagnosis of tuberculous colitis and Crohn''s disease. However, in Behcet''s colitis, the frequency of HLA-DR antigen expression by colonic epithelium is significantly lower than other inflammatory bowel disease, therefore a different immunopathophysiologic mechanism is suggested, which needs further investigation.


This study aims to determine the effect of auditor independence and professionalism on audit opinion moderated by client's credibility. This research was conducted in some kap contained in bandung city. Respondents who were samples of this study were senior auditors, junior auditors, managers and partners.The method used is quantitative descriptive method. Sources of data used are primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires and audit reports of service companies listed on the stock exchange. Types of samples in this study is nonprobability sampling with quota sample technique that is interesting sample in accordance with criteria or characteristics that have been predetermined. Hypothesis testing using logistic registers.The results showed that: 1) the independence variable has no significant effect on audit opinion. 2) variable auditor professionalism has no significant effect on audit opinion, with). 3) the client's credibility has no significant effect on audit opinion. 4) independence moderated by client's credibility has a significant effect on audit opinion. 5) auditor professionalism does not have a significant effect on audit opinion with a significant level. For further research the researcher suggests to be able to develop this research by adding the variables that are not discussed in this research, as well as expanding the object to be studied.


While a number of prominent researchers have recently turned their attention to the likelihood or desirability of full world government, such an ideal has little current support in civic and popular discourse. This article seeks to identify some factors possibly reinforcing such 'globoscepticism'. After first discussing why it should not be seen as prima facie absurd to support global political integration, and noting widespread popular support in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, it turns to some findings on the sources of Euroscepticism. This phenomenon involves negative attitudes expressed by political elites and ordinary citizens towards European Union integration. Also considered are the determinants of attitudes towards international trade liberalisation. Insights from both areas can be applied to a preliminary exploration of globoscepticism. Specifically, they can enrich an analysis of domestic biases which naturally arise and are reinforced within a sovereign states system, and which tend to diminish support for comprehensive projects beyond the state. These pose challenges that must be addressed by academic advocates of full global integration, as well as advocates of still-ambitious but far less comprehensive projects of suprastate institution building.


The aim of this Special Issue is to report the state of research and practice on the theme of Software Components, Architectures, and Reuse. This Special Issue is comprised of selected articles drawn from submissions from an open international Call for Papers and extended peer-reviewed papers presented at the 5th Brazilian Symposium on Software Components, Architectures, and Reuse (SBCARS 2011), held in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 26-27 September 2011 (http://www.each.usp.br/cbsoft2011/ingles/sbcars/sbcars_en.html). The call for this Special Issue received 25 submissions. Moreover, well-known researchers in the area were invited to submit papers. Such submissions were originated from co-authors of 18 countries (Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, China, France, Germany, Iran, Italy, Malaysia, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, The Netherlands, United Kingdom). Each submission was reviewed by 3 reviewers. The reviewing process was organized in two phases. First submissions were selected to provide revised versions based on the reviewer's recommendations or definitively rejected. The revised versions were then checked by the reviewers and a second selection carried out of which 4 high-quality articles were finally accepted to be included in the Special Issue. In total, 48 reviewers participated in the process. This Special Issue is composed by these 4 accepted articles. They present highquality research carried out by co-authors from Brazil, Germany, Italy, and Iran.


The reuse of plans is widely considered as a valuable tool for the improvement of eeciency in planning systems because it avoids the repetition of planning eeort. Several approaches which investigate the modiication and reuse of sequential plans in the framework of strips-based planning have been developed. In this paper we present a domain-independent approach to exible plan reuse based on a deductive framework. A formalization of the whole reuse process is proposed including the modiication, representation and retrieval of plans. Plan modiication is based on a semantic approach which yields provably correct modiied plans. The plan library is represented in a hybrid knowledge representation formalism linking the planning logic with a terminological logic and is dynamically created and maintained by the system requiring no user interaction. Apart from sequential plans, this approach enables a planner to reuse and modify plans containing control structures like conditionals and iterations. Comparing the performance of the deductive plan reuse system with performance measures reported from other systems it turns out that deductive approaches can compete very well with heuristic ones.


Thermogravimetry (TG) was applied to forest fuel as a microcombustion tech nique to study emissions by evolved gas analysis (EGA). Emission rates for car bon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and total hydrocarbons (THC) for both combustion and pyrolysis processes were determined. Thermoparticulates (TP) were emitted in copious amounts; TP emission factors were 85 g/kg and 249 g/kg for the combustion and pyrolytic conditions, respectively, while factors for volatile organic carbon (VOC) compounds collected in plugs of polyurethane foam (PUFS) were the same (~ 66 g/kg) for both conditions. A carbon mass balance on two series of the tests accounted for 95 percent of the fuel carbon content.


On earth, two types of convergent plate boundaries exist, namely subduction zones and collision zones. Subduction zones are the main driver of plate tectonics through sinking of negatively buoyant oceanic lithospheric slabs in the mantle and the subduction-induced large-scale mantle flow. Collision zones form when two positively buoyant continental plates meet and collide, following a phase of subduction. Both subduction zones and collision zones cause frequent and tremendous geological activities, which cause overriding plate deformation and form large-scale topography. However, the processes of subduction and collision and the mechanisms driving the associated overriding plate deformation and topography still remain unclear. Since subduction and collision operate at large spatial and temporal scales, a useful and effective way to investigate the processes of subduction and collision is by using analog or numerical modeling. Therefore, in this PhD project, I implement four-dimensional subduction and collision experiments to investigate different subduction/collision styles and mechanisms for deforming the overriding plate and forming topography during subduction/collision. This project comprises two equally weighted parts: (1) The first part investigates the two end-member styles of subduction, namely slab rollback and slab rollover, and their effect on overriding plate deformation and topography, because little research has been conducted on the rollover subduction style, and it remains unclear how and why these different subduction styles emerge. Therefore, Chapters 2 and 3 focus on subduction styles and how the two contrasting subduction styles affect mantle flow, overriding plate deformation and topography in subduction zones. This part of the thesis demonstrates how plate length can control the subduction style, and how the subduction style affects the overriding plate differently. (2) The second part investigates the India-Eurasia collision zone, which is in places characterized by a rollover slab geometry. For this collision zone, the origin of the continuous and long-term convergence, the northward Indian indentation, the slab geometry, and the amount of continental subduction are a matter of considerable debate. Thus, Chapters 4 and 5 focus on continental collision at the India-Eurasia collision zone and how such collision affects the kinematics, the slab geometry, and the overriding plate deformation and topography. This part of the thesis demonstrates the importance of the role of surrounding convergent plate boundaries, as well as that of the lower-upper mantle viscosity ratio in driving convergence, northward indentation and continental subduction.


The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of gymnastics training on body composition of sedentary women. We evaluated 18 women (26.44±1.26 years) who participated in 24 training sessions with the frequ ency of three weekly sessions. The training session s lasted about 50 minutes and were all identical from first to last. Each session consisted of 11 exerci ses, each exercise specific for a muscle group. These ex ercises were performed in continuous series, lastin g between three and four minutes each. The duration o f the series was regulated by choreographed music that series. All exercises done during class were p erformed with rhythm control. The evaluated underwent a battery of tests involving weight (Kg), height (c m) and skinfold measurement (cm) to carry out the calculation of BMI, fat percentage and lean body ma ss and fat. These tests were performed before and after the eight weeks of the program implementation . At the end of the study, it was found that there was a statistically significant reduction in the componen ts related to the body fat (initial= 28.98±0.66%; f inal= 28.50±0.63%), with no change in lean body mass, weight and BMI of the evaluated women. The resistance local gymnastics training program employ ed in the present study had positive results in reducing the percentage of fat and maintaining lean body mass of the evaluated women after a training period of eight weeks.


While the SME sector is continuously in the limelight with regard to its potential role to alleviate the unemployment problem in South Africa, questions arise whether the SME sector utilises its relatively scarce resources optimally. In order to determine whether resources are optimally utilised, the SME sector in general and each SME individually has to avail of the knowledge and accounting skills to confidently answer the fundamental question whether they are making a profit or not. In this article the literature with regard to the need for SME development in South Africa as well as the skills needed by the SME sector to function optimally, will initially be addressed. The objective of the article, namely to determine whether the ME sector in KwaZulu-Natal in particular, avail of the required accounting skills to operate profitably, will consequently be addressed in the analysis of the empirical research conducted among experts in the SME sector in KwaZuluNatal. In the final instance the summary, recommendations, caveats and suggestions for further research will be dealt with.


In March 1816, I went with two other gentlemen from Fatahghar , on the invitation of the principal persons of the Saud sect, to witness an assemblage of them, for the purpose of religious worship, in the city of Farrukhabad , the general meeting of the sect for that year being there.


This LibGuide gives students the tools to master Secured Transactions. These study guides and sources that are available through the Charleston School fo Law Library.


Lymphomatoid papulosis is a very rare primary skin lymphoma characterized by papular, papulonecrotic and/or nodular lesions in different stages of development, predominantly located on the trunk and extremities. We report on a 30-year-old man, industrial radiology engineer. The appearance of cutaneous lesions was observed in autumn 2003. The lesions occurred after his continuous two-year work in an area where he had been exposed to various types of radiation (x-ray, ultraviolet, electromagnetic, and nuclear). He had performed regular dosimetric monitoring, with monthly dosimeter conn ; trol at Croatian Institute of Radiation Protection. While working in the ionizing radiation area, he strictly followed all occupational safety regulations. Rare erythematous papules, papulonecrotic lesions, nodules and disseminated atrophic scars was presented on his face, neck, trunk and extremities. Clinical, histology and immunohistochemistry findings indicated the diagnosis of lymphomatoid papulosis. His physical status was normal, and so was standard blood and urine biochemistry. Plain X-ray of thoracic organs, abdomin ; nal ultrasound and cytology of bone marrow biopsy showed normal findings. Polimerase chain reaction of T cell receptor and heavy chains of immunoglobulins excluded monon ; clonality. Different therapeutic possibilities have been purposed in the literature. Since our patient has been exposed to ultraviolet radiation professionally, phototherapy and photochemoterapy were not our therapy of choice. The patient was treated with " 7, 5 mg" methotrexate per week, for the total of 6 weeks. The lesions that were noticed at the beginning of the hospitalization showed complete regression. There were no signs of relapses during the 6 months follow up.


This paper examines the problem of production-inventory decisions under order-occurrence risk. To characterize this problem briefly, let the number of periods which elapse between the receipt of orders n and n + 1 for an item be described by a probability mass function fns. If fn∞ > 0, then order-occurrence risk is said to exist. That is, upon receiving order n for an item, there exists a positive probability that no future orders will occur. Assuming deterministic order quantities, the order-occurrence risk problem is formulated as a dynamic program. Optimal production-inventory disposal policies are characterized for the case of piecewise-linear production-disposal costs and concave increasing holding costs. The production cost is assumed to include a setup cost, and demand backlogging is not permitted. The production and disposal lead times are assumed to be zero.


Solid surfaces are never ideally regular, that is, geometrically and energetically homogeneous, nor are they fully irregular or fractal. Instead, real solid surfaces exhibit a limited degree of organization quantified by the fractal dimension D.We find that there is a functional relationship between the differential distribution of adsorption energies and the differential distribution of pore sizes on such "partially correlated" surfaces. We also show that the differential pore size distribution reduces to the classical fractal pore size distribution in the limit of very small pore sizes, or when the fractal dimension D approaches 3. To do this, analytical expressions are developed describing pore size correlations, and correlations between adsorption energies. These correlation functions are then used to develop a general form of the interaction term in the equations for adsorption isotherms. Finally, using our theoretical approach, existing equations describing adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces are r...


A new synthetic method of purine glucosides was described. Fusion of bis-trimethylsilyl-N-benzoyladenine and -hypoxanthine with α-acetobromoglucose and subsequent removal of the protecting groups gave glucopyranosyladenine and -hypoxanthine, respectively. In the former, the formation of α-glucoside was confirmed. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the pyrimidine and purine glucosides were also reported.


Kinetic isotope effects have been determined for the E2 reaction of some 2-arylethyltrimethyl-ammonium ions with ethoxide in ethanol at 40°. The nitrogen effect, (k14/k15 − 1)100, decreased with increasing electron-withdrawing ability of the para substituent; i.e. 1.37, 1.33, 1.14, and 0.88 for p-OCH3, p-H, p-Cl, and p-CF3, respectively. Furthermore, the primary hydrogen–deuterium isotope effects increased for the same substituents, respectively; i.e. kH/kD = 2.64, 3.23, 3.48, and 4.16. A large positive ρ value of 3.66 was found as well as a small secondary α-deuterium effect of 1.02 for p-H. In addition, the nitrogen isotope effect decreased with increasing strength of the abstracting base for the reaction of ethyltrimethylammonium ion; i.e. 1.86 and 1.41 at 60° for reaction with EtO−–EtOH and t-BuO−–t-BuOH, respectively. The results are discussed in terms of recent theoretical treatments of the effect of base, substituents, and nature of the leaving group on the nature of the transition state for an E2 ...


In The Enoch-Metatron Tradition , Andrei Orlov takes up the titles attributed to and the roles played by the main recipient of revelation, Enoch. An overarching goal of Orlov's study is to clarify the connection between Enoch and Metatron though examination of titles and the roles of these figures in respective traditions. Roles illumine further the emerging portraits of Enoch and the relationship of early Enochic lore to 2 Enoch includes patriarch, prophet, author, and rival to angels. While scholars might disagree as to how interested early Enochic literature and 2 Enoch are in history, Enoch emerges in these writings as a patriarch. Enoch is presented as a prophet in Jude. 2 Enoch more clearly preserves the image of Enoch as author. Works such as the Book of the Watchers play with the notion that Enoch assumes the role naturally accorded to angels by interceding for disobedient watchers. Keywords:Andrei Orlov; angelic rival; author; Book of the Watchers; Enoch; Enochic literature; Jude; patriarch; prophet; The Enoch-Metatron Tradition


An experimental study has been performed on the mean flow and turbulence properties of a two-dimensional jet impinging on a wedge having a circular cylinder with various diameters at the wedge vertex. The nondimensional profiles of the mean velocity in the fully developed flow region of the wall jet approach those of the conventional two-dimensional wall jet when a cylinder is attached to the wedge vertex and if the cylinder diameter is increased. Also both the slopes of the growth of the half-width and of the decay of the maximum velocity approach these of the two-dimensional case. The non-dimensional profiles of the turbulence intensities and of Rexnolds stress in the fully developed flow region of the wall jet behave in the same manner, as mentioned above. In the variations along the wall of the integral value of the total production term of Reynolds stress, there exists the negative value region of it near the wedge vertex, and it extends as the cylinder diameter increases.


Wave propagation under the sea ice is an important issue in marine science and engineering. It is of great significance to deepen the understanding of the uncertainty of sea ice effects. In the paper, under the circumstance of simulated summer sea ice in the Arctic, the attenuation process of wave with peak frequency 0.04 Hz moving northward is investigated with the wave model WAVEWATCH III. Five numerical experiments (one with no sea ice effect, two for the effect of dissipation and two for the effect of scattering) were conducted without considering the influences of ocean currents and surface wind. Through analyzing the modeling result, the effects of schemes of dissipation and scattering from sea ice on the damping of ocean swell have been studied. It is shown that, without sea ice influence, the maximum significant wave height of the swell (MSWHS) reduces to about 1/3 of the initial value after the first 12 hours, then to about 1/18 of the initial value after another 36 hours, due to the dispersion of wave energy and water viscosity; with a constant exponential dissipation rate (2.0 x 10-7 m s-1) enforced by sea ice, a reduction of about 0.35 m of MSWHS is added after 12 hours compared to the result with no sea ice effect considered. The added reduction increases in the former 24 hours and then decreases afterwards; with a scheme with dissipation rate dependent on wave frequency and wave number, the damping of ocean wave is stronger and the MSWHS is reduced to less than 0.5 m after 12 hours. Besides, the direction of wave propagation changes, which deserving further study; with the scattering of sea ice considered, the MSWHS is reduced further due to the added conservative redistribution of wave energy. The scheme with foe size considered attenuates the swell stronger compared to the one which enforces isotropic scattering dependent on sea ice concentration. It is dubious that the simulated reduction of MSWHS is weaker when scattering schemes work together with the dissipation scheme compared to the case when only the dissipation scheme is used.


The application of microcomputer in measurement and control of biotechnological processes is gaining in popularity. In relation to this, an automation system was developed for the operation of a laboratory pilot scale stirred tank fermenter. The package employed a software interrupt function to create background execution for data acquisition and control operations whilst allowing other tasks being carried out in the foreground. The system was tested by controlling dissolved oxygen concentration employing a three term controller and good control operatis were achieved.


Amorphous alloys Co68.15Fe4.35Si12.5B15 were treated by low frequency pulse magnetic field.The microstructure changes of amorphous specimens before and after treatment were observed by Mssbauer spectra and TEM.The results show that the nanocrystallization of amorphous alloy Co68.15Fe4.35Si12.5B15 can occur at low frequency pulse magnetic field.The precipitation content of the nanocrystalline phase α-Fe(Si) with bcc crystal structure is about 2.743%~23.960%,the grain size is 2~10 nm,and the quantity of crystallization have relation with the magnetic field intensity and pulse frequency.


Maarten van de Donk is senior consultant at the Radicalisation Awareness Network (RAN) Secretariat, and advises on the Deradicalisation, Victims of terrorism, Prison and Probation and Internal and external Dimensions working groups. The RAN is set up by the European Commission as an EU-wide umbrella network of practitioners engaged to prevent and counter radicalisation to violent extremism. Its Centre of Excellence (RAN CoE) acts as a hub in connecting, developing and disseminating expertise. This includes fostering a dialogue between practitioners, policymakers and academics in an inclusive way. By doing so, the CoE develops state-of-the-art knowledge, and supports both the Commission and Member States. Also, it helps shape the Commission's research agenda, and liaises with prevent initiatives inside and outside the EU. RadarEurope leads the consortium which runs the RAN CoE. For more information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/ home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/radicalisation_awareness_network/index_en.htm


Paloma Díaz-Mas's El suenõ de Venecia is a historical novel that traces not only important eras of Spanish history between the seventeenth century and 1992, but also Spain's literary history, since each chapter is written in a style imitative of that corresponding to the time in which the action takes place. What holds together such a literary mosaic is the wedding portrait that appears in each chapter as an ancestral treasure for the descendents of the Jewish courtesan Gracia de Mendoza. The conclusion, titled "Memoria," parodies the discourses of the art historian whose task it is to decipher the mystery of the lady in the portrait. Thus, Díaz-Mas, a historian herself, has produced a novel that blends a critique of modern Spanish historiography with a portrait of the Spain of 1992 that is revealed as a liminal space where modernity and the past coexist uneasily. The present essay posits that the novel is structured as a female picaresque in which through her self-fashioning, Gracia invites the modern reader to recover a past that imperial Spain banished. In keeping with the novel's invitation to uncover hidden truths, I argue that the character Gracia has precedents in historical women, mainly the Sephardic heroine Gracia Nasi Mendes. Finally, through a study of the novel's last chapter, we turn to the use of a child narrator who functions as the cultural critic who through the innocence of her gaze, bids the reader to embrace the complexities of the past for a nation that is still resisting the seductive beauty of a legacy that is both Semitic and feminine.


one of the most dramatic episodes in the recorded history of mankind is the struggle of the jews to maintain their identity and to again establish themselves as a nation in their promised land they have wrought a miracle by preserving their national and religious unity during thousands of years while they wandered throughout the nations of the earth it would seem that this preservation was more providential than accidental for their scattering was so complete and their persecutions so severe that it was only because of their deep religious convictions that they survived as a distinct people latterday saint day leaders have prophesied extensively concerning judah and her great destiny it is recorded that the jews are to play a prominent role in this latterday dispensation day of the gospel spels emissaries have been sent with power and authority to dedicate the land of palestine to prepare the way for the fulfillment of the lords promises to the exiles few people if any have shown as much interest in the jewish people as have those of the church of jesus christ of latterday saints day the church of jesus christ of latterday saints day has watched with concern and brotherly love the movement of the jews to reclaim their promised land the purpose of this study was to analyze the recent jewish movement in israel in light of the teachings of the church of jesus christ of latterday saints day and to determine what progress judah has made and is making toward its promised destiny


A robust democratic society has clear compassionate rules to guide its conduct. Those rules need to be acceptable to, and honored by, its citizens. The rules need to respect the rights of the society's citizens, and they need to provide an ethical framework for social conduct. A just society protects the rights of citizens unable to speak for themselves by creating clear general rules with, as necessary, specific exceptions for limited circumstances. The general rule about minor children is that parents, or legal guardians, need to consent to medically necessary procedures for the child's healthcare. If children can understand, they are also asked to give their assent. If children are developmentally delayed, however, the issues surrounding consent and assent are more complicated. Especially for interventions where medical necessity is controversial—such as sterilization. In this discussion, we examine the most common reasons for which parents request sterilization for developmentally impaired girls, and posit that sterilization is usually not acceptable for a variety of medical, legal, and ethical reasons. We propose a rule: sterilization of a developmentally disabled minor ought not to be allowed. Limited exceptions for clear medical necessity to benefit the child might, however, be considered. Such exceptions would include the rare instances where pregnancy would place the patient's life in imminent danger. It is our opinion that this rule respects bodily integrity, avoids artificial limits on any child's potential for development and decision making, and averts making the disabled second-class citizens.


This is a sample version of the Introduction, Table of Contents, Background and Basic Themes section, and first chapter, from the second edition of the casebook "Taxation: Law, Planning, and Policy". This sample is posted with the permission of LexisNexis publishing for review purposes by students and instructors.