A two stage Pipelined Delta Sigma Modulator ADC is presented for broad band, high resolution applications. The unique architecture incorporates a first order delta sigma modulator in each stage and combines the most significant bits of the first stage with the second stage output to produce 11-13 bit resolution. The input bandwidth is 62.5 MHz and the sampling frequency of 1 GHz results in an over sampling ratio of 8 for the first order modulators. MATLAB simulations for the two stage ADC show 13-15 bit resolution. A transistor level design in 0.18 um CMOS for the two stage ADC was captured and simulated with Cadence show 12 bit resolution with a 50 MHz input. The ADC was fabricated in 0.18 um CMOS technology on a 10 square millimeter die.


Integrated Materials and Products Design (IMPD) differs in the way that materials as well as product layout are designed or optimized in a concurrent manner to meet design requirements. IMPD allows the specific performance required in a product to be achieved by tailoring materials and product, since system performance will not be limited by a pre-chosen material employed in conventional, material-selection-based design. In this study, Blast Resistance Panels (BRPs) with square honeycomb core are designed based on this new design approach to further enhance the performance of BRPs. We employ multi-level design methods for the integrated design of blast resistance panels and materials. Along with the traditional multi-level optimization of BRP, another design approach, Analytical Target Cascading (ATC) is introduced for a comparative design study in the BRP design. In this article, we compare the design results and design exploration efficiency of the two multi-level design methods in designing the blast resistance panels as well as those materials. We also discuss the advantage and disadvantage of the methods observed in this study.


Cascading effects of infrastructure failures from terrorist attacks or natural hazards can greatly increase the magnitude of impacts from a failure of any given infrastructure. Interdependencies among infrastructure sectors in part drive these effects. Capturing how interdependencies operate and heighten impacts to develop procedures and policies to improve recovery is less well understood. This paper first presents an accounting system to identify where interdependencies are likely to occur. Second, given interdependencies, ways to portray vulnerabilities from interdependencies and estimate magnitude with qualitative or integer scales are presented from prior research and event databases. The methodology to quantify interdependencies and associated cascades builds on work on electric power outages and impacts they had on other infrastructure, such as oil and natural gas, electricity, transportation, and water. The method can be used to analyze connections between restoration times and types of interconnections failed and alternative technologies to reduce impacts of cascades.


Abstract Maximin clustering is widely used for the segmentation of remotely-sensed images. In general, all the clustering methods demand more computational efforts. In order to reduce the image segmentation time some computational logics were used with the Maximin clustering algorithm. They are: (1) the partial sum approach; (2) the pre-calculaled squares approach; and (3) the nearest neighbouring distance (NND) approach. Experimental work is carried out with 4-channel MSS (Multi-Spectral Scanner) data and 6-channel TM (Thematic Mapper) data. The logical combination of all the above logics with Maximin clustering is showing better results. Further, performance of this combined algorithm is observed by varying the number of variables and samples.


This paper presents a systematic development of microstrip patch antennas for WiGig applications. The size of the antenna is enlarged via the use of high-order mode operation. Shorting pins and slot on the radiating patch are employed to eradicate the associated grading lobes and narrow bandwidth. Symmetric radiation pattern, higher gain and lower cross-polarization level are realized by differentially feeding two mirrored, shorted higher-order mode patches. On the other hand, a single feed antenna with 25% bandwidth is achieved by integrating two mirrored elements into a single antenna.


The contribution discusses the limits and the limitrophe zone between art, literature, and scientific literature in ethnology. The literary turn has layed open but more clear that German ethnology and especially ethnological reviews put more value on five lines summaries in pidgin English for nonexisting English readers of five lines summaries than on good texts in any language


The article is devoted to the 150th anniversary of the birth of Professor Albert Yakovlevich Damsky who was an urologist-innovator and a teacher. The main stages of scientific and pedagogical activity and practical activity of the scientist are presented. A.Ya. Damsky published about 60 scientific papers, also he was the author of the first two Soviet urology textbooks and a creator of an operating cystoscope of his own design. Moreover he was the first to perform transvesical adenomectomy.


THESE reflexions, apropos of the Conciliar Constitution Dei Verbum, bear upon a problem which is one of the most acute of those discussed in our day. It was, however, already underlying the whole Catholic controversy with Protestantism, as well as the conflict between faith and unbelief in most of the forms it has taken since the Renaissance. How far, and in what sense, is the Christian truth immutable, while having, ever again, to be adapted to the evolution of mankind and its succeeding cultures? The treatment of such an important subject is here based upon a very wide reading (at least of contemporary literature, although even in this field there may beat times strange omissions). With a few exceptions, it is almost always not only very clear and easily readable but entertaining. But the chapter on creed and dogma and that on Blondel are extremely vague and disappointing, because evidently second-hand. What is worse, this is the case also with the central, and most substantial, part of the conclusion: the chapter on 'What is a dogmatic statement?' The author, so brilliant and lucid when he is debunking other thinkers, when he has to tell us his own mind, seems, most unexpectedly, to have become hopelessly muddled. However, apart from these chapters, and a few paragraphs here and there, the book is shot through with remarkable insights, some the more welcome as they are not always commonly to be found, even in most recent (and supposedly modern) contributions. Father Lash sees and expresses convincingly how Scripture, the whole of tradition and the living magisterium are to be kept, not so much in a delicate balance, as in a constant inter-connection, for a healthy view of the matter in discussion. He is no less perceptive of the parallel necessity, within the growth of tradition, of seeing (and keeping) at work together the sensus fidelium, the scholarly work of the theologians and the decisions of authority. He has some excellent remarks on the fundamental role of Scripture and on the impossibility of ever divorcing its interpretation from the whole life of the Church. He is no less good at showing how truth, through tradition, is transmitted and elaborated in many other channels than that of teaching. Best of all (at least in my opinion), he is fully aware of what the 'integralist' and so-called 'progressist' are still agreed not to see: that, within the history of doctrine, together with more or less continuous evolution, we have revolutions, while all the changes (whether we call them developments or not), even when legitimate, and maybe unavoidable, are not for those reasons uniformly for the better.


Aulbach et al., "Metallocene-massgeschneiderte WerkZeuge Zur Herstellung von Polyolefinen", Chemie in unserer Zeit, 28. Jahrg 1994, Nr. 4. Möhring et al., "Homogeneous Group 4 metallocene Zie gler–Natta catalysts: the influence of cyclopentadienyl-ring substituents", Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 479 (1994), pp. 1-29. Diamond et al., "Synthesis of Homoand Hetero-bimetallic Complexes incorporating the (m-C.H.) CMe-(m-m-CoH) Ligand", J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Com mun., 1994, pp. 727-728. Amorose et al., "1-Sila-3-metallacyclobutanes, Precursors for the Generation of Highly Electrophillic Group 4 Metal locene Alkyl Cations, Spectroscopic and Structural Evi dence a Weakly Bound THF Ligand in (C.Mes,Zr(CH-SiMe3)(THF) (BPhil", Organometallics 1991, 10, pp. 2191-2198. Reddy et al., "Synthesis and Characterization of Binuclear Zirconocene Complexes Linked by a Bridged Bis(cyclopen tadienyl) Ligand", Organometallics 1989, 8, pp. 2107-2113. Reddy et al., "Synthesis and Characterization of Binuclear Zirconocenophane Hydrides. The Molecular Structure of SiMe2(C.H.I(m -CH3)ZrCI(u-H).", Organometallics 1989, 8, pp. 547-549. Kabi-Satpathy et al., "Synthesis and Structural characteriza tion of group 4 ansa-metallocene complexes containing a 1-Sila-3-metallacyclobutane ring", Journal of Organome tallic Chemistry, 364 (1989) pp. 105–117.


Hybrid organometal halide perovskites have been demonstrated to have outstanding performance as semiconductors for solar energy conversion. Further improvement of the efficiency and stability of these devices requires a deeper understanding of their intrinsic photophysical properties. Here, the structural and optical properties of high‐quality single crystals of CH3NH3PbI3 from room temperature to 5 K are investigated. X‐ray diffraction reveals an extremely sharp transition at 163 K from a twinned tetragonal I4/mcm phase to a low‐temperature phase characterized by complex twinning and possible frozen disorder. Above the transition temperature, the photoluminescence is in agreement with a band‐edge transition, explaining the outstanding performances of the solar cells. Whereas below the transition temperature, three different excitonic features arise, one of which is attributed to a free‐exciton and the other two to bound excitons (BEs). The BEs are characterized by a decay dynamics of about 5 μs and by a saturation phenomenon at high power excitation. The long lifetime and the saturation effect make us attribute these low temperature features to bound triplet excitons. This results in a description of the room temperature recombination as being due to spontaneous band‐to‐band radiative transitions, whereas a diffusion‐limited behavior is expected for the low‐temperature range.


Earlier spatial‐phase‐locked e‐beam lithography (SPLEBL) was proposed as a means of eliminating the well‐known problem of feature placement precision in scanning electron‐beam lithography. In SPLEBL, a grid with long‐range spatial‐phase coherence is created on a substrate (or on top of its resist coating) and this grid is used to feedback information on beam location to the control system. In initial tests a standard deviation (σ) of 0.3 nm for phase‐locking precision in one dimension was demonstrated, which represents the finest field stitching ever obtained with any lithographic method. In two dimensions (2D), σx, σy=0.6, 0.4 nm was obtained. Moire spatial‐phase locking was also demonstrated in 2D. Two strategies for the global‐fiducial grid appear feasible: plating base modulation and a thin film of holographically exposed photoresist on thin‐film Al above the e‐beam resist. Either would permit spatial‐phase locking without exposure of resist.


This article mainly introduced the current situation of cosmeitc industry in our country,including distribution of entrprise,sale and im-export situation since recent years etc.And the mainly content of supervise-management system of cosmetic industry in our country at the present stage.


Nitrogen dioxide is associated with nearly 5900 deaths a year in London, concludes a report that assessed the effects on health of the city's air pollutants.1

The research, carried out by King's College London and commissioned by the Greater London Authority and Transport for London, found that in 2010, the most recent year with available data, the total mortality burden of long term exposure to nitrogen dioxide was an estimated 88 113 life years lost, equivalent to 5879 premature deaths across London. The gas is largely created by diesel engines in cars, lorries, and buses.

However, the report did point out that emerging techniques had been used to assess the mortality burden of nitrogen dioxide and that the figures …


The dynamic interaction of fluid-solid systems has long been a subject of interest in many engineering fields. One of the most important problems of this nature, encountered in civil engineering, is the dynamic interaction of a dam and the reservoir under seismic loading. Recent research indicates the importance of this interaction and the resulting hydrodynamic forces, including the compressibility effects of water on the seismic response of concrete dams. In this thesis a combination of 2D finite-element and a closed form method based on a Eulerian approach is developed to study the dam-reservoir interaction effect. The mentioned procedure is used to investigate the interaction effect on stresses and displacements of the Kowsar Dam-reservoir system. To establish the accuracy of the method, the seismic response of the Pine Flat Dam is studied and the results are compared with other exact solutions.


Measurements of regional to global scale vegetation dynamics play a key role in understanding inter-annual variability in biosphere interactions of the terrestrial ecosystems. In particular, the analysis of phenology , the study of periodic plant life cycle events, can provide important information on how the vegetation compound is influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate as well as local habitat factors. Traditionally, the assessment of phenological stages is carried out by visual detection of clear and easily recognizable (external) morphological characteristic. The analysis of satellite images can represent an alternative approach providing information on phenological stages occurrence in a spatially distributed manner. Remotely sensed vegetation index (VI) time series can in fact be used to analyze the seasonal changes of vegetation dynamics and consequently estimate the timing of key plant development stages. In particular, vegetation phenology products from Remote Sensed (RS) data describe seasonal changes in vegetation greenness and photosynthetic leaf area, and allow the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of phenological parameters such as canopy green-up date (Start of Growing Season, SGS), maximum development date, senescence date (End of Growing Season, EGS) and season length. Many methods have been used since the '80s to estimate phenology and key phenological stages from remote sensing data, and are mainly based on the identification of the dates at which the VIs increase above (or fall below) specified thresholds, or on the analysis of the derivatives of VI time series (Zhang et al., 2003). However, none of these techniques has yet been universally accepted
Aim of this work was testing different methodologies (Boschetti et al., 2009; Manfron et al., 2012; Tan et al., 2011) to estimate Start of Growing Season date (SGS), Peak Of Season (POS) and End of Growing Season date (EGS) from Remote Sensed data for the period 2001 – 2012 in forest ecosystems, and compare them with available in-situ observations for four study sites in Italy corresponding to LTER sites: IT03-001-T, IT04-001-T, IT05-001-T, IT07. Standard MOD09A1 composite Level 3 (L3) datasets, acquired by MODIS sensor onboard Terra satellite, were used to create time series of NDVI (Normalized Differed Vegetation Index) and EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) with 8 days temporal resolution and 500 m spatial resolution. Temporal signal was smoothed using both polynomial and asymmetric Gaussian functions, and their first, second and third derivatives were computed. After that, five different methodologies were tested to estimate the occurrence of the main phenological stages from MODIS data. SGS and EGS dates estimated according to the different methods were compared with available in-situ observations using a linear regression analysis. Results demonstrate that: i) methods based on the identification of local minima and maxima in third derivatives from MODIS EVI smoothed signal allow a good estimation of SGS dates (R2> 0.75, Mean Error: 12.11 days) , ii) the accurate detection of EGS dates is critical and not consistent among sites (R2< 0.1, Mean Error: 20.23 days).


Angiosarcoma is a very rare subtype of sarcoma. It mainly occurs in the head and neck, and cutaneous angiosarcoma in this region seems to be a distinctive neoplasm with characteristic clinicopathologic features that differ from those of angiosarcoma in other anatomical locations. The prognosis of angiosarcoma in the head and neck region is poor, and the risk of local recurrence and metastasis is high. We reconstructed an atypical angiosarcoma that presented as a solitary nodule with a shape suggestive of hemangioma on the cheek using a modified bilobed local flap. At a 12-month follow-up visit, the patient in this case showed successful recovery after radiation therapy.


The reduction of various 2-oxo-1,2,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-11bH-benzo[a]quinolizines substituted in 3-position is described. Depending upon the method of reduction and the experimental conditions applied, either a sterically homogeneous carbinol or a mixture of two epimeric carbinols is obtained. Their stereochemistry is discussed. Various derivatives of these alcohols are described.


Several studies indicate that there are potential risks arising from the consumption of artificial dyes, ranging from genotoxic and carcinogenic effects to the development of urticaria, asthma, nausea, eczema, bronchitis, bronchitis, bronchospasm, headache, reduced blood coagulation, hyperactivity and increase of iron and zinc urinary excretion in children, even at concentrations recommended as safe. As a result, interest in the substitution of artificial dyes for natural alternatives increases [1-3].


Option pricing problem plays an extremely important role in quantitative finance. In complete market, Black-Scholes-Merton theory has been central to the development of financial engineering as both discipline and profession. However, in an incomplete market, there isn't any replicating portfolios for those options, and thus, we cannot apply the law of one price in order to obtain a unique solution. Fortunately, we can get a fair price via local-equilibrium principle. In this paper, we develop Dennis Yang's theory to price the exotic option-Geometric Asian option, and analysis the relationship of the price and the current position. We get the explicit expression for the market price of the risk (followed Dennis Yang, we call it personal price of the risk on Asian options). The position effect plays a significant role on option pricing, because it can tell the trader how many and which direction to trade with the market in order to reach the local equilibrium with the market.


Bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic bacteria component of human intestinal microbiota and agent of infec- tions. In the host B. fragilis interacts with macrophages, which produces toxic radicals like NO. The inter- action of activated mice peritoneal macrophages with four strains of B. fragilis was evaluated on this study. Previously was shown that such strains could cause metabolic and morphologic alterations related to macrophage death. In this work propidium iodide staining showed the strains inducing macrophage necrosis in that the labeling was evident. Besides nitroblue tetrazolium test showed that B. fragilis stim- ulates macrophage to produce oxygen radicals. In vivo assays performed in BalbC mice have results sim- ilar to those for in vitro tests as well as scanning electron microscopy, which showed the same surface pore-like structures observed in vitro before. The results revealed that B. fragilis strains studied lead to macrophage death by a process similar to necrosis.


This paper presents the key techniques which are used in LDO linear regulators.Based on the principle analysis of the error amplifier,which is major component of LDO regulators,a practical error amplifier is designed and implemented.


Purpose The purpose of this study is to exploring the factors influencing renewable energy consumption intentions and behaviors among eco-tourism visitors in Bangladesh, developing theory of sustainable consumption behaviors (TSCB).Design/methodology/approach Based on review of previous empirical studies and other literatures, and collection of 399 usable responses, the study is conducted through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) by using Smart PLS3.3.3.Findings The study results divulge that renewable energy consumption intentions significantly influence renewable energy consumption behavior; and the carbon mitigation norms and energy saving norms significantly impact on renewable energy consumption intentions among eco-tourists in Bangladesh.Practical implications The findings imply that availability of renewable energy consumption options may attract tourists towards eco-tourism in Bangladesh.Originality/value This study is one of the first attempts to developing the theory of sustainable consumption, exploring the integrated impacts of carbon mitigation norms, energy saving norms and renewable energy consumption intentions on eco-tourists' renewable energy consumption behaviors in Bangladesh.


PURPOSE: The Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP) has the mission to advance knowledge and predictive technology to reduce the cost of dredging, promote navigation channel reliability, and quantify the sediment-sharing interactions between inlets and adjacent beaches. Guidance, numerical models, and desktop tools developed by CIRP can be applied to better understand and predict the ecologic viability of the inlet system for the shore bird population. This technical note is directed towards highlighting CIRP and related research products in the System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP) that can readily be applied or adapted to evaluate existing and predict future bird habitat. BACKGROUND: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has a mission to maintain the navigability of Federal coastal and inland channels. Coastal inlet systems can be dynamic and hazardous, requiring dredging of coastal channels to prevent excessive shoaling. CIRP 1 is supporting the Corps, private industry, and academia in addressing engineering and science problems at coastal inlets. Progress is reported on the CIRP Web site (http://cirp.wes.army.mil/cirp/cirp.html), which describes CIRP activities, contains publications for downloading, and gives directions on how to obtain or access products and technology such as models, analysis procedures, and data. Research and development in CIRP covers field data collection, numerical modeling, physical modeling, lessons learned, and basic research on hydrodynamics (waves, currents, water level), sediment transport, and morphology change as required to progress in the product-oriented applied research. This SWWRP technical note highlights CIRP products of potential interest to the ecological community for evaluating existing and predicting future coastal habitat. Of particular relevance for breeding and nesting of some types of shore birds is the availability of unvegetated sediment, whether created by breaching and new inlet formation, development of inlet shoals, and placement of dredged material.


1, in which one or more: VP1 modified parvovirus B19 having an enzymatic activity of phospholipase A2 reduced compared to the capsid protein VP1 wildtype parvovirus B19 having the amino acid sequence of Seq ID No. capsid protein of conserved amino acid residues in the active site of phospholipase A2 are modified at position 153: histidine; at position 157: tyrosine; at position 162: lysine; and / or position 168: tyrosine.


In this test,the content of calcium chloride(CaCl2) and rennet enzyme effect on rennet and product sensory quality was studied.In the other conditions remaining unchanged,the content of 40% of the calcium chloride(CaCl2) solution was respectively set to 260 ml,300ml,370ml,400ml,3000ml;the content of rennet enzyme was set to 45g,40g,35g,400g,and their effect on Curd and the quality of Mozzarella Cheese was compared.Test showed that the content of calcium chloride and rennet enzyme had a significant impact on the rennet time,rennet state,and sensory quality of products.


In this paper, we investigate the evolution of the energy spread and the divergence of electron beams while they interact with different laser pulses at intensities where quantum effects and radiation reaction are of relevance. The interaction is modelled with a quantum electrodynamic (QED)-PIC code and the results are compared with those obtained using a standard PIC code with a classical radiation reaction module. In addition, an analytical model is presented that estimates the value of the final electron energy spread after the interaction with the laser has finished. While classical radiation reaction is a continuous process, in QED, radiation emission is stochastic. The two pictures reconcile in the limit when the emitted photons energy is small compared to the energy of the emitting electrons. The energy spread of the electron distribution function always tends to decrease with classical radiation reaction, whereas the stochastic QED emission can also enlarge it. These two tendencies compete in the QED-dominated regime. Our analysis, supported by the QED module, reveals an upper limit to the maximal attainable energy spread due to stochasticity that depends on laser intensity and the electron beam average energy. Beyond this limit, the energy spread decreases. These findings are verified for different laser pulse lengths ranging from short ∼30 fs pulses presently available to the long ∼150 fs pulses expected in the near-future laser facilities, and compared with a theoretical model. Our results also show that near future experiments will be able to probe this transition and to demonstrate the competition between enhanced QED induced energy spread and energy spectrum narrowing from classical radiation reaction.


Objective To investigate the effects of glutamine on the expression of heat shock protein70(HSP70)and relation with tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in lung of rats with ventilation-induced lung injury(VILI).Methods Fourty male SD rats were randomly assigned to five groups:control group(group A),injured ventilation(group B),0.75 g/kg glutamine were infected before the injured ventilation begin in group C1,1 hour later in group C2,2 hour later in group C3 respectively.All rats were killed 4 hours after ventilation.Expression of HSP70 were detected using Western blot methods.Results Compared with group A,HSP70 expression in C1,C2,C3 significantly increase in the lungs,the level of HSP70 in C1 and C2 group were significant higer than C3.No significant difference was found between B and A.Conclusion Administration of glutamine could induced HSP70 in VILI rats,and the earlier the better.


We analyze agrozootechnical courses, one of productivity increase constituents of the material sphere of collective farm production that were operating in the village in postwar time, when a leadership set an objective of a sharp rural economy growth in a maximum short period. The reasons of their functioning are examined in new socio-economic and political terms and strengthening of leadership and state attention to their work in this period. It is noticed that in the conditions of low efficiency of other forms of intellectualization increase in leading and technological units of collective farms, first of all such as the involvement of administrative structure workers of all levels, as well as from industrial enterprises, establishments and city organizations, the party and state leadership considered the form of a mass increase of agricultural knowledge of all collective farm members to be a rapid, cheap, from the economic point of view, and correct, from the point of view of a communist doctrine, form of cultural, technical and intellectual potential increase of collective farm workers in the conditions of a rapid growth of agricultural economy in accordance with the country and population necessities. The conditions of courses functioning are examined, as well as an attitude towards them of party and state authorities and collective farmers. It is noticed that except the set task of professional knowledge improvement, the party and state authorities provided their functioning neither materially, nor organizationally nor financially. The course leaders had to deal with a situation with their own forces, applying for different administrative, organizational and material methods. However, they were not enough. Collective farmers did not see the necessity of attending the courses. As a result, the courses had a formal character. Many leaders on places did not even found them. It is underlined, that in spite of formal character of their work, the party's leadership continued to consider them in new socio-economic terms as an effective constituent of the education system of collective farm masters.


Infections due to a variety of generally innocuous fungi are increasingly recognized as a problem in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients (1–5). These organisms include filamentous fungi such as members of the Zygomycetes class (order Mucorales), Fusarium, Scedosporium, yeastlike organisms such as Trichosporon, Malessezia and Rhodotorula and the dematiaceous fungi (a collective term referring to a variety of darkly pigmented fungi) (6–13). Diseases caused by these diverse fungi are collectively known as "emerging" or "rare" fungal infections. The clinical manifestations and diagnosis of emerging and rare fungal infections are summarized in Table 1. Since these fungi cause a minority of infections in SOT, data regarding treatment options are limited. All of the treatment recommendations in these guidelines are derived from small case series, anecdotal experiences, and joint center reviews and are summarized in Table 2 (evidence grade III). Data gleaned from non-SOT populations, such as patients with hematological malignancies and/or HSCT, further inform decisions regarding these infections (6,14–18). Since data are quite limited, distinctions between adult and pediatric patients are not addressed in these guidelines.


The Bureau of Meteorology, in conjunction with a number of Queensland Government agencies, is undertaking a study to assess the magnitude of the ocean threat from tropical cyclones in Queensland. The major goal of this research is to update and extend the present understanding of the threat of storm tide inundation on a state-wide scale including the effects of cyclonic wave conditions in selected areas. The study will also provide a more accurate framework to consider the likely impacts of enhanced Greenhouse gas concentrations on coastal inundation. This project has been made possible by the financial support of the Department of Natural Resources and Mines through funds provided from the 'Greenhouse Special Treasury Initiative'. The first stage included a review of current knowledge and development of a set of technical recommendations for the overall project. The end product will be estimates of coastal inundation risk due to storm tide, combined with extreme wave statistics for key coastal locations. These estimates will then be recalculated to include consideration of die likely effects of global warming. At the completion of the study the results will be communicated to the various stakeholder groups, including local government planners, engineers and counter-disaster personnel.


The U.S. charter school movement has expanded rapidly, but this growth is geographically uneven at the school district level. Focusing on Arizona—which has the least restrictive charter school law in the United States—we use district variables to determine the factors driving charter market share in 41 districts. Included in our analysis is an explicit measure of teacher dissatisfaction, which is not found in past work. Like previous analyses, we find that greater private school penetration prompts charter formation. In addition, we find quantitative confirmation of the fieldwork of Hess, Maranto, & Milliman (2001) and others suggesting that dissatisfied district school teachers drive Arizona charter growth by starting and staffing those schools.


The paper describes a formal model and implementation of an expert system (ES) for a credit decision making. The ES is designed as a set of related decision tables (DT). The Colored Petri Net (CPN) is adopted as a model of the ES. The structure and behavior of the ES is mapped into the CPN. A software module for a credit decision making is developed and deployed to a computer system for banking.


- The existing queuing theory provides various models which are inadequate to handle "Secondary queues" generated out of the situation of the availability of the "Service Surrender" facility. The present paper deals with such secondary queues as applied particularly in Indian Railways ticket reservation system.


Maize inbred lines were evaluated by using line × tester method involving 11 lines and 3 testers for grain yield and its components through estimation of general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) effects. Highly significant genotypic differences were observed indicated wide range of variability present among the genotypes. The crosses with high sca effect for grain yield were evolved from high × low general combiner parents which reveled additive × dominance type of gene action. The cross combinations 9MS4-1 × L22, 9MS4-1 × L486, 9MS4-2 × L431, 9MS4-11 × L486 and 9MS4- 15 × L431 with high positive sca effect having high mean values might be used for obtaining high yielding hybrids. The information on the nature of gene action with respective variety and characters might be used depending on the breeding objectives. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i4.22547 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(4): 675-683, December 2014


Past research suggests that attitudes towards severity of punishment are affected by crime‐specific factors. The impact of such factors has usually been investigated by between‐subjects designs. The studies reported in this paper, however, are based on within‐subjects designs, using conjoint analysis for data collection and analysis. Study 1 employs a rape scenario for investigating the impact of the victim–offender relationship and of two victim characteristics – provocative behavior and intoxication. Study 2 uses a theft and an assault scenario for analyzing the influence of several offender and crime characteristics on sanctioning: offender's age, readiness to confess, previous convictions, and severity of the offense. Results from both studies are reported and discussed in terms of utility values. These values represent the importance placed on the case characteristics focused upon. In addition to the general evaluation of case characteristics, inter‐individual differences are analyzed by means of hierarchical cluster analysis. Advantages of the conjoint analytic approach over conventional research methods on sanctioning behavior are discussed.


Osteopetrosis (Albers-Schonberg disease, marble bones) is a relatively rare disease that is characterised by increased skeletal mass and bone density.1 It results from a defect in the development or function of osteoclasts with consequent impairment of bone resorption. The defect may be intrinsic to the osteoclast lineage or the mesenchymal cells that support the development and activation of the osteoclasts. Osteopetrosis is inheritable, and four clinical forms have been distinguished: autosomal-recessive malignant, autosomal-dominant benign, mild autosomal-recessive, and autosomal-recessive osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis. Of the four, the first two are the most prevalent.1 The disease is characterised clinically by multiple fractures, abnormally shaped bone, and anaemia. Its neurological manifestations include cerebrovascular complications, cranial nerve palsies, papilloedema, and blindness from optic nerve atrophy.2-5 Optic nerve atrophy is common and can result from the chronic effects of papilloedema or compression by a narrowed optic canal. Optic neuropathy associated with papilloedema can be prevented by aggressive management of intracranial pressure (ICP), whereas that associated with narrowing of the optic canal is usually treated by neurosurgical decompression.4 5

A 19 year old man, diagnosed with autosomal recessive osteopetrosis at about …


Electrically controllable laser frequency combs are achieved in a 10 GHz graphene heterogeneous fiber microcavity. It demonstrates tunable mode-locking states with half-an-octave span and phase noise down to -120 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz.


The short-job-first algorithm has massive appliction in real life.In this paper,we analyze and revise the exchange sorting algorithm of the internal sorting category.Then we propose a new algorithm to prove that the short-job-first algorithm has the least mean waiting time.


andanalyses in thedeepocean are necessary to fulfill the potential created bythedevelopment ofdeep-sea platforms such as AUVs and cabled observatories. Laser Raman spectroscopy is an optical technique whichiscapableofinsitumolecular identification of solids,liquids and gases, and is well suited to extreme environments. At present, it is not possibleto identifythe chemical compositionofminerals in situ. Raman spectroscopy has been used successfully for mineral identification in the laboratory. The development ofa sea-going Raman system capable ofdeployment on an ocean observatory orAUV will allow in situ analyses of minerals that are deposited and precipitated at hydrothermal vent and other seafloor sites. This will provide insights intoprocessesoccurring in thesubsurface which affect ocean chemistry. Thispaper presentsbothsea-going and laboratory Raman data of a variety of minerals found inthedeep ocean, and instrument parameter issues for a sea-going system optimized for in situ mineralogical analyses on the seafloor.


Crohn's disease (CD) is an uncommon disease in Thai population, leading to delay in diagnosis due to lacking of familiarity, which may increase disease complications. One of the most problematic issues is to differentiate CD from intestinal tuberculosis (ITB), and many scoring systems have been introduced since 2006. However, competency of diagnosis of CD in the latter period is still unknown in Thailand. Our aim is to compare this competency in the period of 2000–2006, 2007–2012, and 2013–2018.

 Retrospective study collecting all patients, whom diagnosed with CD in two tertiary referral centers in Bangkok, was performed. We focused the competency of diagnosis of each period by using the following variables; duration of presenting symptoms, number of colonoscopy before diagnosis, receiving anti-TB medication before diagnosis, and having first surgery before and at diagnosis. Comparison in each parameter was done by statistical analysis.

 A total of 190 CD patients were identified. Characteristics of patients were shown in Table 1. The patients were classified into 3 groups by using time period of diagnosis, which included 27, 62, and 101 patients in the 2000–2006, 2007–2012, and 2013–2018 period groups, respectively. Mean age was 38.6, 46, and 47.7 respectively. Nearly 50% were male, and 80% had inflammatory phenotypes in all groups. The median duration of presenting symptoms was 15.8, 10.1, and 11.7 months in the 2000–2006, 2007–2012, and 2013–2018 period groups, respectively (p=0.67). The percentage of patients receiving anti-TB medication before diagnosis was 19.2%, 9.8%, and 10.2%, in each group respectively (p=0.31). The number of colonoscopy for 1, 2, and >2 times before diagnosis were 56.5%, 30.4%, and 13.1%; 55.7%, 24.6%, and 19.7%; and 41.7%, 38.5%, and 19.8% in each group, respectively (p=0.32). The percentage of patients undergoing first surgery before or at diagnosis were 33.3%, 21.0%, and 26.8%, respectively (p=0.80).

 Competency in diagnosis of CD in Thailand has not changed in the past 2 decades. It is necessary to find effective methods helping physicians differentiate CD from other conditions to avoid the diagnosis delay, which may improve treatment outcomes.


As an important part of the underwater robots, bionic robot fish is one of the international forefront in the related research fields. This thesis first designs specific ways of robot fish path planning based on genetic algorithm, then builds the environment model and selects the appropriate fitness function. Finally, it uses the MATLAB to simulate the robotic fish barrier shield path, then analyses and summarizes the experimental results.


A phone-in program aired on Israeli national radio, which offers junior high school students help with their homework, is analyzed as voicing a critique of school discourse on the one hand and as embodying and reproducing the major failings of standard school pedagogy on the other. The analysis is used as a basis for a more radical, self-critical consideration of the ways in which children's participation in educational exchanges can be manipulated and trivialized.


The digital network design coordinated work process of forms creation with building way was analyzed.The profound change of architectural theory and practice brought from fuzzy border sketch to present digital architectural design and network design were studied,therefore disclosed the renovation of architectural creations brought by network technology.


My dissertation formally develops a theory of education-based inequality and mobility to integrate the existing theoretical accounts and results in the fields. The empirical puzzle I examine is why the triangle associations among social origin, educational attainment and social destination present various patterns in different societies under educational expansion. By using a variety of cross-sectional survey data from reforming China, I illustrate that class mobility strategies, structural and institutional features in the educational system and the sociopolitical institutional context are the most important dimensions to understand how educational expansion affects education-based social stratification and inequality. My analyses demonstrate that, with China's "bottleneck" educational opportunity structure and rising educational cost under educational expansion, we observe increasing educational inequality, declining social mobility and increasing social origin differentials in the college premium in the last three decades.


FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to electroconductive element, which charges a chargable element by means of discharge, in particular, to an electroconductive element, which can be used as a charging element, transfer element or similar for use in electrophotographic device, as well as a process cartridge and an electrophotographic device with use thereof. Disclosed group of inventions includes an electroconductive element, process cartridge and electrophotographic device. Electroconductive element comprises electroconductive support and surface layer formed on electroconductive support, wherein surface layer comprises a porous body with continuous open pores, and electroconductive satisfies following conditions (1) and (2):(1) surface potential of electroconductive element after 10 seconds after discharge for charging surface of electroconductive element is 10 V or more, wherein charging surface of electroconductive element is made by corona discharge unit, which is located so that cellular part of corona discharge unit is separated from surface of electroconductive element by 1 mm by applying voltage of 8 kV to corona discharge unit and creation of discharge therefrom; and (2) at application of DC voltage between polyethylene terephthalate film as rechargeable element and electroconductive element and charging polyethylene terephthalate film condition |Vd|≥|Vin|-|Vth| is satisfied in range |Vin|>|Vth|, where Vd is a potential charge of polyethylene terephthalate film, Vin represents a voltage applied between electroconductive element and polyethylene terephthalate film, Vth is voltage of start of discharge. EFFECT: technical result is providing an electroconductive element, having stable characteristic of charge, so that abnormal discharge almost does not occur, even if applied voltage increases, as well as ensuring stable formation of high-quality electrophotographic image. 7 cl, 3 tbl, 7 dwg


This paper discusses a technique which uses Compton scattered gamma radiation to obtain high contrast, highly spatially resolved, three‐dimensional images in optically opaque objects. A highly desirable property of this technology is that this method allows the acquisition of radiographs without the necessity of placing the object between the source and detector. This paper describes a prototype apparatus which is capable of obtaining images with a spatial resolution of about 1 mm at a depth of 25 mm in steel of normal density with the source and detector both on the same side of the object. Some modeling calculations, reconstruction algorithms, and data verifying the performance of this technique will be presented as well as details of how the efficiency and throughput of this system could be increased by over two orders of magnitude.


In the Netherlands, since 1 July 2011, both antenatal anti‐D immunoprophylaxis (1000 IU in the 30th week of gestation) and postnatal prophylaxis (1000 IU) is administered to only those women for whom a fetal RHD typing, performed in week 27 of pregnancy, predicts the presence of a D‐positive child. The fetal RHD screening is part of the antenatal Screening Programme for Infectious diseases and Erythrocyte immunisation (PSIE), offered to all pregnant women early in pregnancy at their first antenatal visit, preferably before 12 weeks of gestation.


A silicon based hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPW) configuration has been widely utilized to monitor the power flowing in the plasmonic circuit. Due to the approximately linear relationship between resistance and temperature change (the temperature coefficient of resistance, TCR), the voltage-signal variation directly leads to the change of resistance and the corresponding change of coupled-in power. However, the size effect is rarely explored and demonstrated, which plays a substantial role while the metal-strip thickness approaches to its electron mean free path. It exhibits different electric properties, such as reduced TCR and thermal conductivity, resulting in deviations of resistivity. On the contrary, due to the increase of boundary scattering and narrow-strip absorption, an improvement of the responsivity and excepted sensitivity is found. Therefore, considering a trade-off associated with size effects, 50 nm silver-strip and gold-strip were utilized as the conductor layer in the HPW configuration with different geometries, respectively. Meanwhile, a 50 nm × 300 nm gold-strip HPW provides an improvement performance, up to 13.7 mV mW V−1, 0.05 μW sensitivity at bias 0.1 V. Its responsivity is about 1.4 times larger than that of silver, which contradicts to the macroscopic model.


This paper argues that the international trade regime does not concern itself enough with tax restraints on international trade, while the international tax regime allows impediments to international trade. Tax restraints may arise not only from the unequal treatment of foreign and domestic goods for tax purposes which is prohibited by international trade law but also from the taxation of income and capital encompassed by bilateral tax treaties and the international tax system as a whole. Different tax rates applied to income by the source countries, certain deductibility provisions, and other income tax provisions aimed at nonresidents are examples of unequal treatment. This may distort investment decisions and place similar traders in different economic positions. Therefore, the international tax regime has to be adjusted to correspond better to the needs of the international trade system. Possible adjustments are a multilateral tax treaty, reconcilement of the international tax and trade regime, grafting of a Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN)-type clause in bilateral tax treaties. Considering the history, nature and underlying principles of the international trade and tax regimes and their role and significance, the best option for now is the inclusion of an MFN-type clause in bilateral tax treaties.


This research aims to find the correlation between students of English education program's length of and their pragmatic comprehension especially dealing with conversational implicature. The design of this research is cross-sectional comparison between different batches of student groups. There are 141 students from semester 2, semester 4 and semester 6 involved in this research. They are given a Pragmatic Acceptability Judgment Task (PAJT) to test their comprehension on conversational implicature in English. The result shows that students pragmatic comprehension develop along with the students' level of education i.e their length of study. Keywords: motivation; pragmatic comprehension, interlanguage pragmatics, conversational implicature


Nepal is well known as the main tourist destination in the international arena due to its natural beauty, unique culture, incomparable heritage and innumerable special tourist destinations. Known for the coexistence of different castes and races, religions, languages, literature and culture, Nepal is an example of art, culture and religious harmony. Nepal is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of bio-diversity due to its unique geographical position and altitude variation. There are tremendous opportunities for the country for diversification and development of tourism products. The present study assesses uniqueness of Nepal in tourism industry and it basically tries to describe the status and challenges of tourism faced by Chitwan, the third most important destination of the country.


Amphibians and reptiles are among the multitude of species increasingly threatened by human-induced and natural factors, globally and in Canada. Southern Ontario, Canada's most biologically diverse region, comprises a unique assemblage of herpetofauna, including many threatened and endangered species not found anywhere else in the country. Three areas in particular, Long Point, Rondeau and Point Pelee, situated along the north shore of Lake Erie, have long been considered exceptional areas because of their rich natural and cultural histories. Parks and other protected areas at these three peninsulas and on Pelee Island in western Lake Erie represent strongholds for extremely rare Canadian herpetofauna species such as the threatened eastern spiny softshell turtle and the endangered blue racer. However, habitat fragmentation and a host of other impacts, such as persecution of snakes and inadvertent road kills, have resulted in population declines and local extirpations. Such causes are believed to be responsible for the loss of Blanchard's cricket frog – now extinct in Canada – and nine additional amphibian and reptile species from Point Pelee National Park. The purpose of this paper is to assess in terms of the population status and limiting factors of herpetofauna, the need for regional and site-based conservation within southern Ontario. Recent advancements in conservation biology and landscape ecology are employed in developing a strategy for integrated conservation action. This is achieved by focusing on the evolving role of key parks and protected areas at Long Point, Rondeau, and Point Pelee, and by identifying the need to strengthen and enforce existing monitoring and assessment programs, species recovery programs, land use policy, and legislation. Recommendations for successful conservation include a combination of habitat protection, species recovery and monitoring, research, and public education, all of which have implications for land use planning and management within this and other regions facing similar environmental challenges.


This paper provides a research synthesis of intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) – that is, cloud-based virtual assistants such as Alexa, Google Assistant, and Siri – for second language (L2) learning. The article also offers a theoretical justification for the use of IPAs in language learning and outlines the affordances and constraints of the technology. Finally, the article proposes directions for future research on the topic of IPAs based on the aforementioned review of L2 literature. While research indicates that IPAs increase opportunities for meaningful communication in the target language, enhance speaking ability, and provide indirect pronunciation feedback, they also present some challenges for L2 learners – namely, IPAs struggle to reliably understand L2 speech, which may limit the usability of virtual assistants among heavily accented learners.


In the paper,FAHP is applied to the teaching quality of classes.Firstly,the weigh of evaluated index is computed by FAHP.Then,teachers are evaluated by FAHP.In addition,the method is simple,feasible and available to actual operation,then it can improve the scientificalness of decision-making.


Islanding detection is an essential protection requirement for distributed generators for personnel and equipment safety. This study presents a new active islanding detection method via current injection disturbance using intelligent tracking control of the active and reactive power commands. First, an active islanding detection method based on injecting a disturbance signal into the system through the d-axis current which leads to a frequency deviation at the terminal of the RLC load when the grid is disconnected is proposed. The feasibility of the proposed method is evaluated under the UL1741 anti-islanding test configuration. Then, to further improve the performance of the islanding detection method, an Elman neural network intelligent controller is adopted to replace the proportional-integral controller used in the traditional injection method for islanding detection. Moreover, the network structure and the online learning algorithm are described in detail. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed current injection disturbance method are verified with experimental results.


Aim: To compare occurance of dry eye between postmenopausal woman taking hormonal replacement
therapy and without hormonal replacement therapy.
Materials and Methods: A comparative study was done to determine the occurance of dry eye in those
women with hormonal replacement therapy and control subject. Study was done in tertiary eye care hospital
with patients of postmenopausal women taking hormonal replacement therapy and postmenopausal women
who were not taking hormone replacement therapy from Jan 2019-June 2019. Schirmer's test, tear film
breakup time and Rose Bengal staining were performed on all participants.
Results: 40 women were examined. Group A-15 were taking hormone both estrogen and progesterone.
Group B -25 patients who are not taking hormone replacement therapy. Dry eye was found in women who
are not taking hormone replacement therapy.
Conclusion: Dry eye was more common in post menopausal women who are not taking hormonal therapy
as compared to post menopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy in our study. It shows female
hormone is protective against dry eye.

Keywords: Postmenopausal women, Hormone replacement therapy.


The purpose of the study was to survey 2009 National Commerce-related Skills Competition of Senior High School Students' acceptability and teachers' practice. The main methodology is a questionnaire survey which including 136 teachers and 282 contestants in Taiwan. The data have been analyzed through statistical methods, such as t -test, one way analysis of variance, and test of homogeneity of proportions. The conclusions of the study were as follows: 1. Teachers have high sores in practice of training program. 2. There is no significant different between teachers' practice and the various training methods, except skill teachers better than substitute/ part-time teachers. 3. There are partial significant differences between the winners of competition and the various training methods. 4. There are partial significant differences between the training practice of teachers and the various training methods. 5. Contestants have high acceptability in practice of training program. 6. There are partial significant differences between the background of training contestants and acceptability. Finally, according to the results of the study, some suggestions and advices were derived to training teachers, contestants and for future research.


Presentsed a preprocessing design based on SOC technology for the requirement of high real-time image preprocessing on infrared guidance-header,also describes the hardware composition of infrared preprocessing system and the software design principle based on SOC are also introduced.The image preprocessing system Integrates drive circuit of infrared detector,nonuniformity correction(NUC)function of infrared image,and preprocessing function of infrared image,so it improved the integration of this system. Experiments proved the advance of the construction and real-time processing of this system.


A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the effect of phytoremediation and biochar application on hydrocarbon degradation in crude-oil contaminated soils. The experiment consisted of four levels of biochar application (0,5,10,15 t/ha) and presence or absence of Vigna unguiculata (cowpea; +C, -C) replicated thrice and arranged in a 4× 2× 3 factorial completely randomized design. Samples were taken on days 0, 30 and 60 for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis. Significantly higher TPH degradation efficiency of 69.2% (7,033 mg/kg) was observed in contaminated soils amended with 15t/ha biochar only after 60 days of incubation. Highly significant interactions were observed between biochar*plant (p<0.001) and biochar*days (p = 0.0073). Biochar also improved the growth of plants in contaminated soils with the highest height of 23.50cm and stem girth of 2.10cm obtained when plants were amended with 15t/ha biochar at 6 weeks after planting. The potential of biochar to increase the degradation efficiency of hydrocarbons should be explored in the long run for the cleanup of crude-oil contaminated soils. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The presence of the etiologic agent of "salmon poisoning" disease, Noorickettsia helminthoeca, was demonstrated in eggs of the trematode vector, Nanophyetus salmincola. Three dogs were given 100,000 and one dog 82,000 ground fluke eggs by intraperitoneal injection. The four animals developed "salmon poisoning" disease and died. One of these dogs had been given 100,000 intact eggs previously; this inoculum did not produce the disease. Two dogs that received either intact or ground adult flukes intraperitoneally also died from "salmon poisoning" disease. Noninjected control dogs remained healthy in all instances. Lymph nodes removed from a dog that had been injected with 82,000 ground eggs and had died from the disease were injected intraperitoneally into a susceptible dog. After this dog developed signs of "salmon poisoning" disease, it was given antibiotic therapy and allowed to recover. This animal was shown to be immune to the disease by challenge with N. salmincola metacercariae from fish. A susceptible control dog given the same number of metacercariae developed the disease and died. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen in stained lymph node cells from all dogs that developed the disease. "Salmon poisoning" disease (SPD) has been produced in susceptible dogs by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of all stages of the trematode vector, Nanophyetus salmincola, except the eggs and miracidia. Simms et al. (1931) and Simms and Muth (1933) produced SPD in dogs by injecting intact and ground, respectively, adult flukes that were recovered from intestines of infected dogs. Simms et al. (1932) produced the disease in dogs by injecting metacercariae from salmonid fishes, and Philip et al. (1954b) by injecting ground livers of the snail host Oxytrema silicula that contained cercariae. Transovarian transmission of the etiologic agent into fluke eggs has been suggested by Philip et al. (1954a) and Philip (1958). These authors indicated that even though experimental proof was lacking, the circumstantial evidence was overwhelmingly in favor of this type of transmission in the fluke. Philip et al. (1954b) tested for presence of the agent in fluke eggs by injecting (IP) 14,000 ground eggs into one dog and 51,000 into another. Received for publication 24 April 1967. * This investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Research Grant 5 RO1 AI06599-03, from the NIAID. Technical Paper No. 2285, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. This study is a portion of a thesis submitted by the senior author to the Graduate School of Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Neither dog developed the disease. Philip (1958) suggested that this experiment should be repeated using larger numbers of eggs and different methods of preparation; however, no additional attempts have been made. Thus, there has continued to the present time an uncertainty as to where N. helminthoeca entered the fluke's life cycle. This paper reports the results of a study undertaken to determine if the causative agent of SPD is present within the eggs of N. salmincola. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental animals The 13 dogs used in these experiments were obtained when 4 to 5 weeks old from the Benton County pound in Oregon. Kennel procedures and methods for recording data similar to those reported by Andersen (1964) and McKelvie and Shultz (1964) were used for maintenance of the animals. Body temperature and weight of each dog were recorded daily at approximately 9:00 AM. All of the animals used in Experiments I and II were female littermates of pointer-beagle origin with exception of donor dog (D-I) for Experiment I; this animal was also a female and of approximately the same age as the others but a mongrel. Dogs used in Experiment III were all female littermates of labrador-pointer origin with exception of (D-8) and (D-10). Dog (D-8) was a male littermate of other dogs used in Experiment III, and (D-10) was a mongrel male of approximately the same age as the others. The animals were not vaccinated against any ca ine diseases and had not been exposed to SPD prior to these experiments. All animals were at least 4 months old when used in an experiment.


Mullite ceramics have been prepared from an aqueous suspension of kaolinite (raw or ground) and aluminum hydroxide. The precursor was coprecipitated in the mixture using hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) or ammonium hydroxide, and a solution of aluminum chloride from acid dissolution of wastes of aluminum metal. The precursor and the resulting materials were characterized and studied by X-ray diffraction, thermal methods, and mechanical strength and porosity measurements. The feasibility of the proposed chemical processing route for mullite preparation was demonstrated, in particular using HMDA as a precipitating agent for aluminum hydroxide instead of ammonium hydroxide, which adversely affects the system reactivity. The use of HMDA, as compared with ammonium hydroxide, and ground kaolinite produces single-phase mullite and enhances the flexural strength (maximum of 49 MPa) of the resultant ceramic porous bodies (porosity ca. 52–45 vol%) fired at 1550–1600°C for 30 min.


Martinite, ideally (Na,□,Ca) 12 Ca 4 (Si,S,B) 14 B 2 O 38 (OH,Cl) 2 F 2 ·4H 2 O, is a new mineral species from the Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec. The mineral arose through the interaction of highly fractionated, hyperagpaitic fluids with sodalite syenite xenoliths. Martinite develops both as single crystals and as rosettes of triangular to roughly hexagonal plates varying from 50 μm to a maximum of about 1 mm across. Individual crystals are typically 2− x S minerals (UK55 group), UK53a, UK73, UK82, UK91 and a lollingite-like mineral. The mineral has a vitreous luster, is transparent, has a white streak and shows no fluorescence in either short- or long-wave ultraviolet radiation. It has a Mohs hardness of 4; the crystals are inelastic, and have a perfect cleavage on {001}. It is brittle with an uneven fracture. The calculated density is 2.51 g/cm 3 . Martinite is non-pleochroic, optically biaxial (−), with α 1.529(1), β 1.549(1), γ1.551(1) (for λ = 590 nm), 2 V meas = 38(1)°, 2 V calc = 35(1)°; no dispersion was noted. The optical orientation is X ≈ c . On average, 19 electron-microprobe analyses gave: Na 2 O 17.70, MgO 0.03, CaO 16.71, MnO 0.07, B 2 O 3 (calc.) 5.02, SiO 2 48.85, TiO 2 0.06, SO 3 2.30, F 2.18, Cl 1.09 and H 2 O (calc.) 4.44, O=F+Cl −1.17, total 97.28 wt.%. The empirical formula (based on 46 anions) is: (Na 9.19 □ 1.99 Ca 0.82 ) ∑12 (Ca 3.97 Mn 0.02 Mg 0.01 ) ∑4 (Si 13.08 S 0.46 B 0.45 Ti 0.01 ) ∑14.00 B 2 O 38 (OH 1.50 Cl 0.50 ) ∑2.00 (F 1.84 OH 0.16 ) ∑2 ·4H 2 O. The principal absorption bands in the infrared spectrum include 3437, 1634 and 1011 cm −1 (shoulders at 1137, 1081, 898 and 862 cm −1 ) and five bands in the region 786–498 cm −1 . The mineral is triclinic, space group P 1, a 9.5437(7), b 9.5349(6), c 14.0268(10) A, α 108.943(1), β 74.154(1), γ119.780(1)°, V 1038.1(1) A 3 , Z = 2. The strongest seven lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [ d in A( I )( hkl )] are: 13.18(100)(001), 6.58(43)(002), 2.968(37)(130), 3.29(34)(004,220), 2.908(27)(323), 3.02(17)(211), 2.800(17)(212). The structure of martinite has been refined to R = 6.30, wR 2 = 13.82%. The mineral is strongly layered, with sheets of tetrahedra ( T ), octahedra ( O ) and interlayer cations ( X ). The T layers are composed of six-membered rings of SiO 4 tetrahedra linked by [(Si,B)]O 4 and (BO 4 ) tetrahedra. The sheets of octahedra are composed of edge-sharing M ϕ 6 octahedra ( M : Na,Ca; ϕ: unspecified ligand) arranged in a closest-packed arrangement. The O sheets are effectively sandwiched between two symmetrically equivalent T layers ( T 2 , & T macr; 2 ), producing a strongly bonded T – O – T unit. The interlayer component ( X ) houses poorly ordered Na polyhedra and H 2 O molecules. Stacking of these principal components perpendicular to [001] results in a OT 2 X & T macr; 2 O module. Martinite is a member of the reyerite–gyrolite group. It represents the first B-bearing mineral of the group and the first mineral known to possess the OT 2 X & T macr; 2 O module. The name honors Robert Francois Martin (b. 1941), Professor of Geology at McGill University and long-time editor of The Canadian Mineralogist .


Broadband planar monopole antennas have attracted their candidature for wideband applications like WLAN, WiMAX, RADAR, Satellite etc. Eventhough planar monopole antennas have several advantages in terms of cost, compactness, conformality, simplicity they suffer from a major disadvantage of having very narrow bandwidth. Various planar configurations such as circular, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal monopole have been presented. A review of various printed monopole antenna configuration including more recent technique like defected ground structure for bandwidth as well as gain enhancement is presented. Finally a symmetrical bevelling technique of radiating element for bandwidth enhancement of simple PRMA is also investigated for its performance using IE3D software. The software simulation result yields a significant bandwidth of 6.08 GHz ( from 2 GHz to 8.08 GHz) as compared to 5.13 GHz ( from 1.99GHz to & 7.12 GHz) for simple PRMA.


This short paper is a reply to Sanna Lehtinen's article Living with Urban Everyday Technologies whose aim is to introduce the complexity of the problem of everyday technologies in contemporary aesthetics. Thanks to most recent information, computing, and communication technologies, urban technologies have indeed become an indispensable part of human living standards. In connection with Lehtinen's primary interest in visible technologies with invisible effects, my reply appeals to W. Welsch's use of the term anaesthetics, which refers to the absence of the ability to feel, as a parallel to this group of technologies. The reply also emphasises that it is necessary to study urban technologies together with a focus on human privacy, social justice, and human wellbeing and that everyday aesthetics has to be ready to reflect on the extremely fast development of these technologies.


Objective To study the safety and feasibility of butorphanol and etomidate used for painless enteroscopy in old patients.Methods Patients undergoing enteroscopy were randomly allocated into 3 groups:etomidate group(group E,n=40),butorphanol combined with etomidate group(group BE,n=40) and control group(group C,n=40).Hemodynamic parameters at the point of basic value,after use of drugs,during enteroscopy and end of enteroscopy were analyzed.The enteroscopy duration,waking time,dose of etomidate,occurrence of arrhythmia,nausea and vomiting were recorded.Results Compared with the basic value,in group E and BE,SBP,DBP decreased and HR became slower after use of drugs and during enteroscopy,the differences were statistic significant(t=-3.14,-2.01,-0.87,-3.11,-1.98,-0.89;-3.56,-1.98,-0.91,-2.93,-1.07,-1.01,P0.05).In group C,SBP,DBP increased and HR,RR became faster during enteroscopy compared with those of the basic value,the differences were statistic significant(t=-3.28,-2.05,-0.26,1.02,P0.05).In group E and BE,SBP,DBP significantly decreased and HR,RR became slower significantly;the incidence of arrhythmia was significantly lower during enteroscopy compared with group C.The differences were statistic significant(t=-2.04,-2.03,-0.33,1.04;χ2=5.17,5.59,P 0.05).The totally dose of etomidate in group BE was significantly lower than that of group E(t=1.11,P0.05).Conclusions Butorphanol combined with etomidate is an effective and safe method painless enteroscopy in old patients.


This study aims to analyze the legality of the electronic certificate of mortgage in the context of executing the guarantee if the debtor defaults or defaults if there is a data error in the bank credit agreement. The method used in this research is the literature method with reference to the normative juridical method, namely using data sourced from secondary legal materials, namely from the prevailing laws and regulations in Indonesia. The regulations used as material are the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning / Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2019 concerning Electronically Integrated Mortgage Services. The research results show that the certificate generated from the electronic mortgage registration system has executorial power because the mortgage certificate contains the sentence for Justice Based on the One Godhead. The sentence shows that the mortgage certificate can be used as a tool for executing collateral if the debtor defaults or defaults to pay without a court order. Sentences for Justice based on the One Godhead are equated as a judge's decision in a court. If there is a data error in the certificate and no changes are made, the execution cannot be carried out and the certificate can be canceled and the agreement in guarantee can also be canceled.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hot press member having excellent ductility which has TS of 1,300 to 1,450 MPa and El of ≥8%, to provide a steel sheet for the hot press member, and to provide a method for producing the hot press member. SOLUTION: The hot press member having excellent ductility has a composition comprising, by mass, 0.15 to 0.30% C, 0.05 to 3.0% Si, 1.0 to 4.0% Mn, ≤0.05% P, ≤0.05% S, 0.005 to 0.1% Al and ≤0.01% N, and the balance Fe with inevitable impurities, and has a microstructure where the area ratio of a ferritic phase occupied in the whole structure is 5 to 65%, the area ratio of a martensitic phase occupied in the whole structure is 35 to 95%, and also, the average grain size of the ferritic phase and the martensitic phase is ≤7 μm. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT


The operational condition of 310MW pressurized water reactor type nuclear steam turbine installed in Qinshan Power Station is mainly introduced in this paper, which describes several improvements made during the overhaul time after more than ten year`s operation and gives a valuable experience for the further design and manufacture of nuclear steam turbine.


The nutritive value of whole wheat flour has been recognized by researchers and consumer at home and abroad. How to obtain nutritional value maximum retention and excellent performance of the whole wheat flour processing is the key problem that whole grain products industry faces. The research progress on two kinds of processing technology was summarized to provide reference for whole wheat powder preparation technology of ascension.


In this work, we investigated the porosity distribution and separation property of the porous crystal layer formed via the polythermal process. The proposed porosity distribution model, considering both the cooling profile and the crystal settling effect, provided simulative results that met the MRI analysis experimental results with suitable agreement. Significant porosity variation from the top to the bottom of the crystal layer (ϕ from 0.75 to 0.55 under rapid cooling profile) was detected. Meanwhile, the vertical supersaturation degree gradient induced by the fluid fluctuation could impact nucleation and crystal growth kinetic along with crystal particle settling. The resulting crystal layer possessed various impurity inclusion conditions. Under a moderate cooling profile (0.4 K·min−1), the volume fraction of closed pores against overall pores decreased from 0.75 to 0.36. The proposed model and experimental analysis approach were demonstrated to be helpful for porosity distribution simulation and impure inclusion analysis of layer crystallization.


The invention discloses a preparation method of pH sensitive microgel loaded nanogold. According to the preparation method, pH sensitive polystyrene/polyacrylic acid core-shell type microgel as a carrier; due to the adoption of the swelling property of the microgel under an alkaline condition, a precursor of the gold fully enters a three-dimensional network structure; due to the adoption of a region limiting effect of a pH sensitive microgel shell layer network chain, sodium borohydride is used as a reducing agent and sodium citrate is used as an auxiliary reducing agent and a stabilizing agent, so that a pH sensitive composite microgel material is synthesized in one step; the preparation method is simple operate; the nanogold is evenly distributed on the surface of a shell layer, so that specific surface area and surface activity of the nanogold are improved; meanwhile, the nanogold is controllable in size and shape. The synthesized composite material has potential application values in important fields of catalysis, surface enhanced fluorescence, surface plasma resonance, bioimaging and drug controlled release and the like.


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The ®fteenth-century codex Udine 10 presents a wealth of information for those interested in the literature of the Treand Quattrocento in northern and central Italy. Compiled sometime between 1460 and 1470 by Lunardo da Brissa,1 the manuscript contains writings by such renowned authors as Dante (f. 127v), Petrarca (f. 129r), Cecco Angiolieri (f. 148v; f. 209r), Georgius Sumaripa of Verona (2. 51r±87r; 2. 98v±107v; 2. 120r±124v; and 2. 229r±246v), and Domenico di Giovanni, nicknamed ̀ `Il Burchiello'' (f. 150r; f. 190r; 2. 199r±207r; f. 249r).2 It also contains numerous anonymous and minor poetic works (e.g., ff. 21r±23v; 2. 39v±40v; 2. 43r±44v; 2. 47v±51r; 2. 64v±68v; 2. 83v±85r; f. 107v). Among the latter, the manuscript presents two sonnets that form a tenzone, a poetic correspondence. The exchange takes place between the Ferrarese poet Giovanni Pellegrino and an unknown Jewish writer named Salomone. According to Marco Santagata's Incipitario uni®cato della poesia italiana (IUPI), a research tool that lists the incipit verses of Italian poems, the tenzone only appears in the Udine 10 manuscript.3 Aside from its poetic merits, it is of interest because it constitutes communication across the invisible border separating those of di2erent faiths in Italian society of the Renaissance. It provides a unique glimpse into the cultural, literary, and interpersonal relationships that may have existed between the Christians and Jews of FerraraÐor at the very least, between those two particular individualsÐsometime during the ®rst half of the ®fteenth century. In his published description of the Udine 10 manuscript, Giovanni Fabris includes an appendix that presented some of the then-unedited works of the codex. The tenzone ®gures among the lyrics transcribed therein, appearing without commentary or notes of any kind.4 Although not unpublished,5 there is only scant


The present invention discloses a method for preparing I-type clopidogrel hydrosulfate. Said method includes the following steps: a), oblaining clopidogrel free alkali; b), adding ketone solvent into clopidogrel free alkali, and drop-adding sulfuric acid, after the drop-adding process is completed, heating to 20-50deg.C, heat-insulating and stirring, filtering and washing, vacuum drying wet product at 50-55deg.C so as to obtain the invented I-type clopidogrel hydrosulfate. The described ketone solvent is selected from five-carbon ketone or six0carbon ketone.


6 Relationships between common water bacteria and pathogens in drinking-water H. Leclerc 6.1 INTRODUCTION To perform a risk analysis for pathogens in drinking-water, it is necessary, on the one hand, to promote epidemiological studies, such as prospective cohort and case–control studies. It is also appropriate, on the other hand, to better understand the ecology of these microorganisms, especially in analysing in detail the interactions between common water bacteria and pathogens in such diverse habitats as free water and biofilms. It appears essential to distinguish two categories of drinking-water sources: surface water and groundwater under the direct influence of surface water


An Artificial Intelligence-Expert System called APES (Analysis of Proliferation by Expert System) has been developed and tested to permit a non proliferation expert to evaluate the capability and capacity of a specified LWR reactor and PUREX reprocessing system for producing and separating plutonium even when system information may be limited and uncertain. APES employs an expert system coded in LISP and based upon an HP-RL (Hewlett Packard-Representational Language) Expert System Shell. The user I/O interface communicates with a blackboard and the knowledge base which contains the quantitative models required to describe the reactor, selected fission product production and radioactive decay processes, Purex reprocessing and ancillary knowledge.


The transport and logistics industry is faced with increasing input costs and, as a result, is looking to recover some of these costs by passing on rate increases in a tough economic environment. This is in light of an impending carbon tax, which will further contribute to increased input costs and ongoing industry consolidation. The market value of assets, such as trucks, has also come down. This has caused equity problems and placed businesses under increased pressure. In addition, the flow-on effect from the struggling manufacturing industry means that competition will increase as demand in the transport and logistics industry decreases.


Human beings are a talkative lot, so much so that the British phoneti? cian D. B. Fry remarked that Homo lo quens would be as appropriate a name for our species as Homo sapiens. In a normal day, we may use as many as 40,000 words, the equivalent of four to six hours of continuous speech. In an hour of relaxed conversation, the typi? cal American pumps out about 24,000 individual speech sounds. In contrast to adults, our newly born manage to vocalize for hours without saying anything. How does the in? fant?whose name, after all, reflects a lack of speech (in fantis means "not speaking")?come to be a proficient speaker? Accounts of language development often begin with the child's first recog? nizable words and document the tim? ing and sequence of language devel opment from that point. Developmen? tal linguists note, for example, the age at which words are first used and the


The utility model discloses a hydroxyamino rubber modified bitumen anti-corrosion pipe, and solves the problems existing in the prior steel pipe that the anti-corrosion performance and the shock resistance performance are bad, the embrittlement cracking and the falling-off are easy, and the service life is short. The utility model is characterized in that a hydroxyamino rubber modified bitumen layer (2) and a polyethylene protective layer (3) are sequentially arranged outside a steel pipe (1). The hydroxyamino rubber modified bitumen anti-corrosion pipe has the advantages of good shock resistance performance, little possibility of embrittlement cracking or falling-off and long service life.


A 32-year-old man with unremarkable medical history was urgently admitted with acute hypogastric pain of 24 h onset. On presentation he was apyrexial. Clinical examination revealed low abdominal tenderness with moderate rebound; bowel sounds were normal. The patient reported undisturbed stool and flatus passage; digital rectal examination revealed the presence of stool in the rectum without any tenderness or blood. Complete blood count showed a marked leukocytosis of 18 610/μL with an elevated neutrophilic differential (92.4%). …


There are some hypotheses to explain the cause and maintenance mechanisms of differences between the sexes with species. Among these mechanisms sexual selection, competition for food researches, female reproduction strategy and energy requirement for reproduction will be reviewed in the fi rst part of the study. Differences between the sexes provide a reproduction advantage to the individual. On the other hand, sexual dimorphism may cause some disadvantages directly to the ornamented individual or indirectly to its partner. The disadvantages of the sexual dimorphism will be discussed in the second part of the study. Types of the sexual dimorphism, which are ranging from size to behavior either common to most of the animal species or unique for some of the species, will be reviewed in the last part of the study.


Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) with a well-defined mesoporous framework are of considerable interest for applications in optoelectronic, electrochromic, and electroluminescent devices, solar cells, and sensors. It is the unique combination of transparency, high conductivity, well-defined 3D mesoporosity and high surface area that allows the incorporation of opto-electroactive species, facilitates electron transport to these centers, and efficiently harvests the electron-induced optical response or, vice versa, the photon-induced electron flow. These features would allow and facilitate the further development of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). However, such conducting transparent frameworks with nanometer-scale periodicity have not been accessible yet, being available solely as nonporous and macroporous layers or powders. [1–3] The generation of indium tin oxide (ITO) with well-ordered accessible mesoporosity and high conductivity has not been accomplished yet, partly because of the necessity of high crystallinity, which is indispensable for good electrical conductivity but inconsistent with organized 3D mesoporosity. Recently, the preparation of such mesoporous material was attempted by deposition of ITO onto porous glass substrates, providing composites with an inhomogeneous distribution of ITO. [4,5] Generally, sol–gel techniques are more advantageous for the preparation as they are applicable to various metal oxides and different types of substrates, require mild preparation conditions and, most importantly, allow the control of porosity by appropriate structure-directing agents such as self-organized surfactant micelles from block co-polymers. Only a few template-assisted sol–gel syntheses using ITO have been reported, providing powders with quite


The tephra and peat beds distributed at Tokotan and Honbekkai in the eastern margin of the Konsen Plateau, Eastern Hokkaido, were investigated by tephra stratigraphy, pollen analysis, and 14C datings. The peat layers of Tokotan Loc. 1 were estimated to date from the late stage of the Last Glacial Age. Four pollen zones were discriminated there. The lowest zone, TK-I, about 36, 000y. B. P., is characterized by high pollen percentages of Picea coexisting with Larix and Abies. Zone TK-II is characterized by high Larix, Betula, Alnus, and herbs. Zone TK-III, a little older than 32, 000y. B. P. in age, is dominated by Picea. The uppermost zone, TK-IV, is estimated at about 32, 000y. B. P. based on the existence of Nl-a and Spfa-l, and it has high percentages of Larix, Picea and herbs. During the formation of these 4 zones, there could be subarctic forests (zones TK-I and TK-III) and subarctic open forests (zones TK-II and TK-IV) dominated by larch and/or spruce on bogs. Generally, the climatic conditions of zones TK-I-IV was colder and drier than at present, especially in zone TK-II, and less so in zone TK-III.


All these new titles are located in the Bathurst Student Hub and are now available for loan New resources acquired by the Bathurst TAFE Student HUB for staff and students to use


Comparison of disc electrophoresis (DEP) and isoelectric focusing (IEF) for detection of oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on polyacrylamide support media was carried out. In addition, diagnostic effectiveness of the IEF and DEP for oligoclonal bands (OCB) detection in CSF from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were compared. OCB were detected by both methods in 85% patients, in 10% patients with IEF only and in 2% patients with DEP only. OCB were not detected in 3% patients with either method. The concentration of IgG and albumin was also measured in each sample and IgG index was calculated. Sensitivities of two diagnostic tests for detection of OCB were: 94.9% for IEF and 86.4% for DEP and 89.8% for IgG index. IEF, silver staining had better capability and resolution than DEP. Additional immunofixation with anti-IgG antiserum made the IEF technique superior for OCB identification. The method seems to be superior to DEP in identifying oligoclonal bands and aiding diagnosis of MS.


Cellular manufacturing is one of the most common and popular methods in order to take advantage of group technology. Of particular interest, applying cellular manufacturing systems (CMSs) increases the efficiency of the applied transportation system by designing an efficient working floor. Controlling the amount of material handling, results in lower cost and energy required to transport materials/products. Hence, CMS are under consideration in the study at hand. Regarding a hybrid CMS, proper manufacturing systems such as single machines, flow shops, job-shops and open shops are applied between and within cells to harmonise the whole manufacturing procedure. A special case of hybrid CMS, referred to as hierarchical CMS is investigated in this paper. In a HCMS not only machines are placed in several interior cells, but also interior cells themselves must be located in exterior ones. Finally a mixed integer nonlinear programming mathematical model is presented and validated through numerical results.


PARAMETERS .............................................. 2 1.1 Experimental Stages ....................... 2 1.2 Type of Wave Energy Converter ... 3 1.2.1 Device Types ............................... 3 1.2.2 Power Take-Off Systems ............. 4 1.3 Test Facilities ................................... 4 1.4 Model Parameters and Scale ......... 4 1.5 Environmental Parameters ............ 5 1.6 Mooring Systems ............................. 6 1.7 Test Case Parameters ..................... 6 1.7.1 Energy Capture Performance Tests ...................................................... 6 1.7.2 Numerical Model Validation Tests ...................................................... 7 1.7.3 Survivability Tests ....................... 7 1.7.4 Fatigue Limit State Test ............... 7 1.7.5 Tests for Arrays and Clusters ....... 7 1.8 Energy Capture Performance ....... 7


Studies were conducted to examine changes in anthropometric parameters and their relationships with energy and nitrogen intakes and nitrogen balance during recovery from protein-energy malnutrition. Eight male Ghanaian children with protein-energy malnutrition, who were on admission in a hospital, formed the subjects. Ages of subjects ranged from 18 to 42 months old. Their mean body weights and heights were 8.5±1.4kg and 78.4±6.5 cm respectively. These corresponded to 61.9±5.8% of reference body weight, for age (RBW/A), 80.0 ±5.8% of reference body weight for height (RBW/Ht) and 85.6±5.7% of reference height for age (RHt/A). The subjects received dietary treatment in the hospital and showed rapid recovery. They were observed for a period of 4 weeks. Their body weight gain averaged 1.6±0.5 kg. All the anthropometric parameters, with the exception for the abdominal circumference, increased with recovery. Changes in chest, mid-upper arm, thigh, and mid-calf circumferences correlated negatively with the % RBW/A but positively with the energy and nitrogen intakes as well as nitrogen balance. There were a very significant correlation between the nitrogen balance and the change of mid-calf circumference in particular (r=0.89, p<0.01). This study has showed that infants with low % RBW/A, but not with low % RBW/Ht, have high energy intake and positive nitrogen balance and consequently have a high recovery rate as indicated by the changes in their anthropometric measurements.


The hallucal sesamoids may seem minute in proportion to all the other bones of the body, but they are a major factor in the function of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. A review of the literature reveals that many have written of the mystique of the sesamoids, particularly the medial sesamoid. It was believed that the medial sesamoid was an indestructible seed from which the body would be resurrected on the day of judgment. Helal quotes the writings of Rabbi Ushaia in AD 210 from the book Bereschit Rabbi:


Summary Background: Maternity patients interact with the healthcare system over an approximately ten-month interval, requiring multiple visits, acquiring pregnancy-specific education, and sharing health information among providers. Many features of a web-based patient portal could help pregnant women manage their interactions with the healthcare system; however, it is unclear whether pregnant women in safety-net settings have the resources, skills or interest required for portal adoption. Objectives: In this study of postpartum patients in a safety net hospital, we aimed to: (1) determine if patients have the technical resources and skills to access a portal, (2) gain insight into their interest in health information, and (3) identify the perceived utility of portal features and potential barriers to adoption. Methods: We developed a structured questionnaire to collect demographics from postpartum patients and measure use of technology and the internet, self-reported literacy, interest in health information, awareness of portal functions, and perceived barriers to use. The questionnaire was administered in person to women in an inpatient setting. Results: Of the 100 participants surveyed, 95% reported routine internet use and 56% used it to search for health information. Most participants had never heard of a patient portal, yet 92% believed that the portal functions were important. The two most appealing functions were to check results and manage appointments. Conclusions: Most participants in this study have the required resources such as a device and familiarity with the internet to access a patient portal including an interest in interacting with a healthcare institution via electronic means. Pregnancy is a critical episode of care where active engagement with the healthcare system can influence outcomes. Healthcare systems and portal developers should consider ways to tailor a portal to address the specific health needs of a maternity population including those in a safety net setting. Citation: Wieland D, Gibeau A, Dewey C, Roshto M, Frankel H. Patient portal readiness among postpartum patients in a safety net setting. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 698–709 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-12-RA-0204


Higher vocational education is one special type within Chinese higher education,thus,it has special characteristics on the talent cultivation,matriculate stucture,course structure,teaching methods and students' employment.General education is necessary to be emphasized and specialisized by showing its efficient carrier adaptability and service in the higher vocational education.


This study was carried out to determine the inhibitory effect of the alcoholic and aquatic extracts of Punicagranatum (pomegranate peel) agaiestmultiresistantto antibiotic bacteria Streptococcus pneumonia and Klebsella pneumonia bacteria with some antibiotics. These isolated from the sputum and urine samples from patients whom lies in Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Tikrit city. The results showed various effects of the water and alcoholic extracts used in the study. The results showed that the highest inhibitory effect of the alcoholic extract against the bacteria Streptococcus Pneumonia at concentration (150)Inhibition zone was (24) mm and this is higher than the water extract at concentration (150) which was (16) mm. The results indicated that the highest Inhibitory effect of the alcoholic extract against the Klebsella Pneumonia at concentration (150) was (23) mm whereas the results of the inhibitory effect of the water extract against Klebsella Pneumonia are similar with the inhibitory effect of the extract of Streptococcus Pneumonia at (150) which was(16) mm. The results showed that the highest inhibitory diameter zone of Imipenem antibiotic on Streptococcus pneumonia bacteria is (38) m and is higher than the inhibitory effect of Imipenem antibiotic on Klebsellapneumonia bacteria which is (37) m in diameter.


[This publication] presents an historically attuned and critical theoretical inquiry into the discourse of the learning society, providing a coherent framework for understanding how adults learn in the key domains of human interaction: state, civil society, and workplace. Grappling with contemporary issues, [the author] explores the way power and money distort learning in civil society, the workplace and in cultural life. He asserts that achieving a just learning society calls for collective action to transform organisational and associational life with the recognition that human beings have the capacity for self-determination and self-expression. [The author] contends that the alleged emergence of a 'knowledge society' or a 'learning society' cannot be accepted as either new or good, and that 'learning' is not an essentially good thing. Indeed, that learning is harnessed in the modern world to the money-code and channels human energies and capacities in destructive directions.


Emissions measurements were performed on a low-NOx emission combustor concept developed by United Technologies Aerospace Systems (formerly Goodrich) for NASA's Environmentally Responsible Aircraft (ERA) program to meet N+2 emissions goals for a 70,000 pound thrust engine application. A key enabler of this goal is to improve combustion stability at low power conditions over that of previous work. The combustion system presented potentially substitutes five radially staged small injectors for a single row of larger injectors. The test combustor has a total of 13 individual fuel injectors distributed in five rows. NOx, CO, and UHC were measured for a variety of practical conditions, from lean blow-out to idle and simulated full power. Imaging provided insight on how the staged injectors perform and contribute to observed emissions. Conditions which yield significant NOx reductions were identified and correlate well to existing literature. In particular, evenly distributed combustion among all 13 fuel injectors reduced regions of high temperature and resulted in significant NOx reductions which correlate well with demonstrated performance of other multi-point combustors.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


This paper considers the use of MultiResolution Wavelets Analysis (MRWA) to classify speech for multifunctional control applications. While the classification problem is the focus of this paper, the ultimate goal is to improve speech analysis and their application performances. The proposed method performance was compared to that of temporal-time domain features with ANN classification. Results have shown that MRWA resulted in higher recognition rate and consistent output demonstrating higher reliability.


Connexins are the major proteins of gap junctions and are important in the key process of intercellular communication in most metazoan cell types. Distinct dominant mutations in the same connexin molecules have been demonstrated to underlie either skin disease or deafness or, indeed, both disorders. Connexin mutations also underlie other disorders, including peripheral neuropathy and cataract formation (Francis et al. 1999; Scherer et al. 1999). This review will focus on recent genetic studies that have demonstrated the importance of gap junctions in epidermal disease and hearing loss.