[Background] Local public technology centers, administrated by the prefectural and municipal government, have engaged in technological support for small local firms. The initiation of this regional innovation policy dates back to the modern economic growth in the 1880s. Local public technology centers offer various kinds of technological services such as testing, inspection, usage of experimental equipments, workshops for technology diffusion, technological consultation, funded research and joint research. They also conduct their own research, patent inventions and license out their patents chiefly to small local firms. Recently two structural changes forced local public technology centers to redefine their strategies in regional innovation systems. First, after a prolonged recession in the 1990s, the local authorities became highly cost-conscious, which led them to cut centers` budgets and to evaluate them more rigorously. Second, the reform of national innovation systems, symbolized by the incorporation of national universities in 2004, made knowledge interactions between small local firms and national universities more active, which has created a new source of knowledge for small local firms that performed RD and the tendency to directly support small local firms. Then, I developed theoretical predictions about the relationships between regional innovation policy represented as resource allocation strategies of the centers and the characteristics of regional innovation systems where the center is located. Third, using a comprehensive dataset of local public technology centers, a statistical analysis was conducted to test whether centers` strategies were developed so that they would match the characteristics of regional innovation systems. [Method] Based on the model that describes the characteristics of regional innovation systems, I introduced a proxy variable for demand-side factors of the local market for public technological services, i.e., the ratio of R&D-active small firms to the whole small firms in the region. A proxy variable for supply-side factors was the ratio of joint research projects between small local firms and national universities to all joint research projects conducted by national universities in the region. Two proxy variables were enabled to draw a scatter chart, where vertical axis denotes demand-side factors and horizontal axis denotes supply-side factors, representing the location of the 47 local authorities in Japan. [Result] Four quadrants were identified by dividing a scatter chart by introducing averages of demand- and supply-side factors in the chart. For instance, a region (prefecture) in Quadrant II has small local firms with above-average absorptive capacity while universities in that region have below-average activity in knowledge interactions with small local firms. This implies that in such region, local public technology centers with high-quality technological knowledge can act as a significant spillover pool for small R&D-intensive firms in that region. An analysis of variance was conducted to test whether local public technology centers` strategies adopted between 2000 and 2008 aligned with the regional environmental characteristics identified as four quadrants. The results show that there is no statistically significant difference in centers` resource allocation strategies according to the characteristics of regional innovation systems. This implies that local public technology centers` resources may not have been fully utilized as an engine for regional economic development. [Contributions] Theoretical and policy implications derived from empirical results are as follows. First, based on the previous literature on regional knowledge spillovers, a model to describe the characteristics of regional innovation systems was developed. The model pictures the local market for public technological services from demand-side and supply-side perspectives. Linked to two distinct centers` strategies identified by factor analysis, this model enables us to infer theoretical relationships between regional innovation policy represented as resource allocation strategies of local public technology centers and the characteristics of regional innovation systems, which can be quantitatively examined. The newly developed model to understand regional innovation systems and empirical approach to examine the relationships between regional innovation policy and regional innovation systems can be applied to the assessment of regional innovation policy in other geographies. This constitutes the strength of the study. Second, with a comprehensive dataset of the centers, the aforementioned approach enabled us to quantitatively evaluate regional innovation policy on local public technology centers for the first time. This makes a clear contrast to the existing studies on local public technology centers based on case studies, where the generality of their implications are limited. Although local public technology centers have been considered to play an important role in regional economic development, the results suggest that they need to make their strategies more efficient so that their resources will be allocated in concord with the characteristics of the regional innovation system. The policy implications of this study are that local authorities and local public technology centers should precisely recognize their relative advantage in the region. Then it would be possible for them to rebuild guidelines that would help local public technology centers to contribute to the regional economic development in a more relevant manner.


Three isostructural Zr metal–organic frameworks have been synthesized from PNNNP-Ru pincer metallolinkers bearing different combinations of ancillary ligands (1, Zr6O4(OH)4(OAc)4{cis-(PNNNP)RuCl2(C...


The invention discloses a seismic attribute clustering method and a seismic attribute clustering device. The method comprises the following steps: determining the band clustering mode, clustering parameters, initial horizon, horizon offset and the size of a sliding time window, wherein the sliding time window refers to the number of sample points contained between two adjacent peaks or two adjacent valleys of a waveform graph of a horizon section to be researched, the number of horizons above the initial horizon is at least equal to half the sliding time window, and the number of horizons below a termination horizon is at least equal to half the sliding time window; using the sliding time window to cluster the seismic attribute data of the horizon section to be researched, and determining the category to which the sample points in each horizon belong; and unifying the clustering results of adjacent horizons according to the spatial similarity, and starting from the horizon below the initial horizon, adjusting the clustering result of each horizon according to the clustering result of the adjacent upper horizon. Multi-attribute clustering analysis is made based on upper and lower band information of the points on the horizon surface, and the clustering results are unified. Reservoir distribution in a horizon section can be showed globally.


Silicon carbide (SiC) is a versatile industrial material and has been in use in various spheres because of its distinctive electrical and thermal properties. Among various fields, it has contributed significantly to biosensor technologies because it is both bio and hemo-compatible. Of particular interest in this study is its potential for biomedical applications. Although about 907 SiC-based biosensor articles have been published in the past 20 years (2000–2022), not many review articles have encapsulated the advancement and uses of the SiC-based biosensor. In order to better understand the development stage, research hives, and future advancement trends of SiC-based biosensor technology, it is essential to perform a broad retrospective investigation. The present study aims to explore the potential of SiC-based biosensors and their distinct features for interdisciplinary collaborations, utilizing machine learning through big data analytics. By reviewing research in this field, the study seeks to uncover global trends, challenges, and gaps in SiC-based biosensor research, as well as identify new research areas and technologies that could advance biosensor technology. By conducting the analysis, this study provides insights into the most impactful articles and top contributors to biosensor research, including journals, authors, institutions, and countries. Additionally, the study examines the methodological approaches and research contexts employed in this field. Results suggest that one of the evolving technological paths in biosensors is the use of silicon carbide-based biosensors and medical devices, which in turn are poised to transform into the commercial sphere. The main characteristics of these emerging research grounds and technologies in biosensors are illustrated for the productive effects of research and innovation policy that led to scientific advances and technological change in society.


Ultrasonographic biometric measurements (axial length of the globe, lens thickness and anterior chamber depth) were taken in 89 eyes of patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (ACG). Analysis of the mean values showed an apparently abnormal pattern of growth of the lens, its thickness increasing at an accelerated rate between the fourth and sixth decades, then not increasing for about a decade, and finally increasing again but at a slower pace. The anterior chamber depth, however, appeared to continue decreasing at a constant rate. This suggests that forward movement of the lens, probably secondary to loosening of the zonules, is also a factor in the shallowing of the anterior chamber. The frequency of acute attacks of ACG peaked twice, first in the presbyopic years, at ages 53 to 58, and then in the senile years, at ages 63 to 70; no attacks occurred during the decade in which the lens seemed not to be growing.


A.INSTALLATION TO EXPRESS THE LIQUID SUSPENSION OF SOLID MATERIAL PASTE. B. The POST 1 PRIOR TREATMENT CONSISTS OF A TRAY 7 RECEPTION AND TURNING DISC 10 FIXED UNDERLYING WITH OPENING 9 ECCENTRIC. 7 TURNING ON PLATE ARE AT LEAST TWO CONTAINERS 4, 5, 6 SHEET METAL PERFORATED SURFACE WHICH REPRESENTS THE BASIC HOLE DIMENSION 9 DISC 10. c.Machine PAPER.


This study was aimed at knowing the unique phenomena about  the factors of shaping the organisational culture to increase the teachers' commitment in an Islamic school. The study used a survey design. The study used a questionnaire to collect the data. The results of this study showed that there were seven factors of shaping the organisational culture at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Gresik including belief, value, language, legend, climate, ritual, and physical structure. Furthermore, those factors of shaping the organisational culture could afford to contribute to the increase of the teachers' commitments. Keywords: Organisational culture, teachers' commitment, islamic school. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-18-11 Publication date :June 30 th 2019


Dr. Fereidoun 'Feri' Farassat was a theoretical aero-acoustician at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center. This book contains technical derivations, notes, and classes that Dr. Farassat produced during his professional career. The layout of the book has been carefully crafted so that foundational ideas through advanced theories, which altered the technical discipline of aeroacoustics, build upon one another. The book can be used to understand the theories of acoustics and learn one contemporary aeroacoustic prediction approach made popular by Dr. Farassat. Most importantly, this book gives the general reader insight into how one of NASA's best aeroacoustics theoreticians thought, constructed, and solved problems throughout his career.


AIM: To clone human DNA base excision repair gene,8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase(HOGG1),and construct its eukaryotic expression vector with sequence analysis.(METHODS:) Total RNA was extracted from the liver tissue of(human) foetus by the guanidinium thiocyanate method.The whole HOGG1 coding gene was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pCMV-Myc.Plasmid DNA was (extracted) and subjected to restriction enzyme analysis.Clones(representing)(cDNA) inserts were sequenced.RESULTS: The(construction) of eukaryotic expression vector pCMV-Myc/ HOGG1 was successful and the resulted sequence completely coincided with the designs.CONCLUSION: The construction of(eukaryotic) expression vector pCMV-Myc/ HOGG1 provides a new way for biological targeted therapy involving DNA base excision repair gene HOGG1.


Abstract : The photochemistry of 2-dialkylaminophenoxaz-3-ones was investigated. In general these compounds were found to be more photo-reactive than the corresponding monoalkylaminophenoxaz-3-ones. The 2-dimethylaminophenoxaz-3-one underwent photochemical demethylation. Irradiation of the 2-polymethyleneiminophenoxaz-3-ones gave different products depending upon the size of the polymethyleneimine ring. Propyl-, pentyl-, and hexyl-methyleneimine phenoxazones gave novel pentacyclic dicarbomethoxy dimethyl alkyleneoxazolino phenoxazines. Stable dihydrophenoxaz-3-ones were obtained by the reduction of butyl-, pentyl-, and hexyl-methyleneimine phenoxazones.


As a beginning,emphasis is laid upon the introduction of current situation of U.S.international education and higher education.Following that are some problems pointed out in Chinese education based on an analysis of U.S.higher education ideas and its teaching approaches.It is held that the objective of Chinese education is not only to train citizens,but also to promote international understanding and cooperation,to learn from others' experience so as to innovate educational ideas and teaching approaches.


The article deals with an analysis of theoretical approaches concerning the essence of branding and its peculiar features in the services sector. Branding is a logic sequence of management actions aimed at reaching a set goal, a balanced investment approach to creating a brand essence and related with it communications (internal and external ones) and it subsequently promotes increases in profitability and value of brand being an asset. On the basis of the conducted research the mechanism is developed and the stages of brand forming (Competitive Brands Analysis; Developing the Concept of Brand Positioning; Developing Brand Strategies; Brand Image Forming; Forming Brand Identification; Forming Loyalty of Consumers to the Brand) and development grounded in the specified field.


* Part One: Introduction* Stone Worlds Alternative Narratives Nested Landscapes * Bodmin Moor: the Living Bedrock* Methodologies * Part Two: The Present Past* Poem: Leskernick, Jan Farquharson* The Old Sacred Places* The Houses and Enclosures of Leskernick: Arriving and Settling In* One-the Southern Side of the Hill* The Houses and Enclosures of Leskernick: Arriving and Settling In.* Two-the Western Side of the Hill * The Houses and Enclosures of Leskernick: Time Goes On* The Shrine Stone* Bewitched and Bewildered: Nature, Culture, Clitter* Photo Essay: Moving in Procession across Brown Willy * Part Three: The Present Past* 'A More Vivid fiction': An Introduction to the Sociological Study of the Leskernick Project* The Book and the Trowel: Archaeological Practice and Authority at the Leskernick Project, Mike Wilmore * Poem-The Dig, Jan Farquharson * Where Worlds Collide: the Past in the Present at Leskernick, Tony Williams* Art and the Re-presentation of the Past* Part Four: Beyond the Hill* Other Ways of Telling: The 'Stoneworld' Exhibition* Letting Go: A Dialogue, Barbara Bender with Martin Hubbard, Simon Persigetti, Heather Keir Cross, and Mike Venning * Beyond the Hill: Place and Movement across the Moor * Between Moor and Plain: Trethevy Quoit* Beyond the Moor* Solution Basins: Libations to the Ancestors


Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have been increasingly frequently isolated from patients in many areas of the United States, and have started to replace hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) as a cause of healthcare-associated infections. This article, describes the first Italian case of CA-MRSA skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI).


Dispute settlement is one of the most contentious issues in the formulation of the Convention and the provisions which are now included in Part XV of the Convention, entitled Settlement of Disputes, required heavy negotiation before the text was finally agreed. This chapter addresses the jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS). Choice of law is governed largely by the Convention. The chapter also addresses the jurisdiction of the Sea-Bed Disputes Chamber (SBDC). The SBDC, though now constituted, has not had any disputes referred to it or to a chamber of the SBDC. The Convention, meanwhile, has provisions which determine the jurisdiction of the SBDC. The SBDC would have a jurisdiction similar to the ITLOS itself mutatis mutandis, of course. Thus, for example, there would be the same incidental jurisdiction, save the jurisdiction in cases of prompt release.Keywords: dispute settlement system; incidental jurisdiction; ITLOS; sea-bed disputes chamber (SBDC)


judeo christian perspectives on psychology human nature judeo christian perspectives on psychology human nature judeo christian perspectives on psychology human nature judeo christian perspectives on psychology human nature miller, w., & delaney, h. (eds.). (2005). judeo-christian identity development theory reflections education stephanie brown, phd judeo-christian perspectives on psychology: human nature newsletter 2014 draft 10-31-14 department of psychology course description course or learning outcomes september, 2012 curriculum vitae harold d. delaney integrating spirituality into counseling syllabus spring, 2010 reconsidering a. reza arasteh: sufism and psychotherapy human growth and transformation pc 408-3, fall 2015 w & f the meaning that religion offers and the motivation that 201


Eimeria oocyst populations were monitored in broiler houses on two farms during a growout and prior to the placement of new chicks on the same litter. Numbers of oocysts in litter were enumerated at Weeks 0, 5, 6, 7, and 9 and in feces at Weeks 5, 6, and 7 in broiler houses with different management practices (both farms had identical coccidiostat programs but Farm A had a history of poor performance whereas Farm B had excellent performance records). On Farm A the number of oocysts in litter increased (P < .05) at the time of slaughter (Week 7) and placement of a subsequent flock (Week 9) when compared with Day 0. The number of oocysts in feces on Farm A also increased (P < .05) from Week 5 to 7. On Farm B there were no differences in numbers of oocysts in litter or feces over time. Farm B had (P < .05) lower numbers of oocysts in litter than Farm A at Week 7. The number of oocysts in feces from Farm B were consistently lower (P < .05) than Farm A at Weeks 5, 6, and 7. There were no differences in the species of Eimeria in litter between farms; however, there were differences in the species composition over time. Small (Eimeria mitis) and medium (primarily Eimeria acervulina) oocysts increased significantly over time, whereas the large oocysts (Eimeria tenella and Eimeria brunetti) and Eimeria maxima did not change over time. An increase (P < .05) in large oocysts was observed in fecal samples from Farm A over time. A method to determine and factors that influence in vivo solubilization of phosphates in commercial Leghorn hens. Rao,-S.K.; Roland,-D.A.-Sr.; Gordon,-R.W. Poultry-sci. Champaign, IL : Poultry Science Association, Oct 1995. v. 74 (10) p. 1644-1649. NAL Call Number: 47.8-Am33P Descriptors: hens-. calcium-phosphates. dietary-minerals. bioavailability-. solubility-. poultrymanure. ethanol-. solvents-. mineral-supplements. Abstract: Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted to establish a technique for the recovery of dietary phosphates from commercial layer manure. Solutions of ethanol, 60% ethanol:40% water (vol/vol), 50% ethanol:50% water, 40% ethanol:60% water, and 100% water were tested to determine the efficacy of dicalcium phosphate recovery. Solutions containing 50% or greater ethanol were found to be most effective. Experiments 3 and 4 were conducted to determine factors that influence in vivo phosphate solubilization in commercial Leghorn hens. In Experiment 3, mono-dicalcium phosphate (Biofos), all-monocalcium phosphate (Dynafos), and tricalcium phosphate (Multifos) were fed to layers at 1.67 and 3.3 g hen/d levels. In vivo phosphate solubilization was higher (P less than or equal to .05) for Biofos and Dynafos than for Multifos. Dietary phosphate level did not consistently influence in vivo phosphate solubilization in hens. In Experiment 4, a 3 X 2 X 2 factorial arrangement consisting of three types of phosphates (Biofos, Dynafos, and Multifos), two dietary levels of added P (.3 and .6%), and two levels of dietary Ca (.88 and 3.75%) were used. In vivo phosphate solubilization decreased as Ca level was increased. In vivo solubilization of Multifos was lower than Biofos or Dynafos at both dietary Ca levels tested. These results indicate that phosphate source and calcium level but not Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted to establish a technique for the recovery of dietary phosphates from commercial layer manure. Solutions of ethanol, 60% ethanol:40% water (vol/vol), 50% ethanol:50% water, 40% ethanol:60% water, and 100% water were tested to determine the efficacy of dicalcium phosphate recovery. Solutions containing 50% or greater ethanol were found to be most effective. Experiments 3 and 4 were conducted to determine factors that influence in vivo phosphate solubilization in commercial Leghorn hens. In Experiment 3, mono-dicalcium phosphate (Biofos), all-monocalcium phosphate (Dynafos), and tricalcium phosphate (Multifos) were fed to layers at 1.67 and 3.3 g hen/d levels. In vivo phosphate solubilization was higher (P less than or equal to .05) for Biofos and Dynafos than for Multifos. Dietary phosphate level did not consistently influence in vivo phosphate solubilization in hens. In Experiment 4, a 3 X 2 X 2 factorial arrangement consisting of three types of phosphates (Biofos, Dynafos, and Multifos), two dietary levels of added P (.3 and .6%), and two levels of dietary Ca (.88 and 3.75%) were used. In vivo phosphate solubilization decreased as Ca level was increased. In vivo solubilization of Multifos was lower than Biofos or Dynafos at both dietary Ca levels tested. These results indicate that phosphate source and calcium level but not phosphorus level, consistently influence in vivo solubilization of phosphates. Accumulation and movement of phosphorus from poultry litter application on a Starr clay loam. Lucero,-D.W.; Martens,-D.C.; McKenna,-J.R.; Starner,-D.E. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal. Monticello, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker Inc. 1995. v. 26 (11/12) p. 17091718. NAL Call Number: S590.C63 Descriptors: clay-loam-soils. grassland-soils. poultry-manure. application-to-land. surfacetreatment. application-rates. phosphorus-. movement-in-soil. retention-. Abstract: The poultry industry faces tremendous challenges for the economically sound and environmentally safe disposal of the massive amounts of waste it generates during production processes. This study was conducted to investigate the accumulation and downward movement of phosphorus (P) from surface application of poultry litter (PL) on a Starr clay loam (fineloamy, mixed, thermic Fluventic Dystrochrepts). Poultry litter was surface applied to unimproved pasture at rates of 5.8, 11.4, 17.2, 22.9, and 28.7 mt/ha in 1991 and 4.1, 8.0, 12.1, 16.1, and 20.2 mt/ha in 1992, respectively. Cumulative P levels supplied by the PL over the twoyear period were 105.8, 211.7, 317.5, 423.3, and 529.1 kg/ha. Phosphorus from both PL and inorganic sources accumulated in the zone of application. The Mehlich 3 (M3)-extractable P levels varied with rate of P application for each of the two years of this study. In 1992, M3extractable P levels were increased by 2-,4-, 6-, and 8-fold over the control by PL application in the 0 to 5 cm depth. In 1993, the highest rate of PL application (20.2 mt/ha) increased M3extractable P levels by almost 18-fold over the control (192 mg P/kg versus 11 mg P/kg). In 1992, downward movement of P occurred into the 5.0 to 10.0 and 10.0 to 15.0 cm layers from the highest rate of PL application (28.7 mt/ha). By 1993, P moved into the 5.0 to 10.0 and 10.0 to 15.0 cm soil layers from the second highest PL application rate as well. This downward movement of surface-applied P in the Starr soil with a high fixation capacity was attributed to mobility of organic-bound P. The poultry industry faces tremendous challenges for the economically sound and environmentally safe disposal of the massive amounts of waste it generates during production processes. This study was conducted to investigate the accumulation and downward movement of phosphorus (P) from surface application of poultry litter (PL) on a Starr clay loam (fineloamy, mixed, thermic Fluventic Dystrochrepts). Poultry litter was surface applied to unimproved pasture at rates of 5.8, 11.4, 17.2, 22.9, and 28.7 mt/ha in 1991 and 4.1, 8.0, 12.1, 16.1, and 20.2 mt/ha in 1992, respectively. Cumulative P levels supplied by the PL over the twoyear period were 105.8, 211.7, 317.5, 423.3, and 529.1 kg/ha. Phosphorus from both PL and inorganic sources accumulated in the zone of application. The Mehlich 3 (M3)-extractable P levels varied with rate of P application for each of the two years of this study. In 1992, M3extractable P levels were increased by 2-,4-, 6-, and 8-fold over the control by PL application in the 0 to 5 cm depth. In 1993, the highest rate of PL application (20.2 mt/ha) increased M3extractable P levels by almost 18-fold over the control (192 mg P/kg versus 11 mg P/kg). In 1992, downward movement of P occurred into the 5.0 to 10.0 and 10.0 to 15.0 cm layers from the highest rate of PL application (28.7 mt/ha). By 1993, P moved into the 5.0 to 10.0 and 10.0 to 15.0 cm soil layers from the second highest PL application rate as well. This downward movement of surface-applied P in the Starr soil with a high fixation capacity was attributed to mobility of organic-bound P. Adding value to composted manure. Biocycle. Emmaus, PA : JG Press, c1981-. Mar 1995. v. 36 (3) p. 61-62. NAL Call Number: 57.8-C734 Descriptors: organic-fertilizers. composts-. poultry-manure. granules-. value-added. waste-


Polycarboxylate ether (PCE) admixtures are generally used in concrete at relatively low concentrations, enabling the reduction of mixture cost and enhanced flow properties due to reduction of cement content and significant enhancement of rheology, respectively. However, typical PCE polymer structures that are used in Portland cement have little or no effect on alkali activated slag (AAS) binder rheology due to ineffective consumption of polymer by a number of mechanisms, including degradation of the polymer chains within the high alkaline environments present in AAS systems. In this study, a range of PCEs with long and moderate PolyEthyleneGlycol (PEG) side chain lengths, and with high and low molecular weights (M), are examined. Co-polymers containing a higher density of backbone charges, as is typical for a Portland cement superplasticiser, increase the yield stress of alkali-activated slag. A co-polymer with longer side chains and lower M show a yield stress reduction, indicating a mild increase in workability compared to an unmodified AAS paste. It is suggested that in the high ionic strength environment of an AAS binder, a more charged polymer is consumed through interactions with other ions and charged particles, which can bring an increase in yield stress and plastic viscosity of AAS.


Abstract Background Since the onset of the pandemic, the unCoVer network has been identifying real-world data from EMR of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 across countries. These heterogeneous data are integrated into a multi-user data repository operated through Opal/DataSHIELD, an interoperable open-source server application, providing privacy-preserving access to individual-level information for federated data analyses. Methods unCoVer's federated data platform provided access to EMR collected between 02/2020 - 04/2022 from 6 hospitals in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1), Romania (2), Spain (2), and Turkey (1) for a total of 14,236 patients. Demographics, and co-morbidities at admission, length of hospital stay and intensive care (ICU) needs, are presented according to the patients' status at discharge. Results A total of 11,248 (79.0%) of all patients reviewed recovered from COVID-19 after an average 11.5 (SD 10.8) days hospitalised, with only 4.09% of patients needing ICU. A smaller proportion of patients were transferred (5.93%), and 2143 (15.1%) were considered in-hospital deaths after an average 11.6 (SD 10.5) days in the hospital where most (81.2%) needed ICU. Recovered patients had a mean age of 57.7 (SD 16.3) years old, and gender neutral (51.2% men), in contrast to deceased patients that were 74.2 (SD 12.4) years old (59.7% men). Current smoking was infrequent for both recovered or deceased patients (3.27%, and 2.83%, respectively). Cardiometabolic conditions were less commonly reported among later recovered patients in comparison with deceased patients: obesity (10.7% vs 12.1%), diabetes (15.9% vs 27.4%), hypertension (23.2% vs 42.7%), and CVD (9.33% vs 44.9%). Chronic pulmonary disease was also more frequent among deceased patients (10.3% vs 18.1%). Conclusions Characteristics of hospitalised COVID-19 patients differ according to outcomes at discharge with more in-hospital death reported among older, chronic patients across 6 hospitals in 4 countries. Key messages • Federated analyses provide unique opportunities for robust results by privacy-preserving accessing individual-level data from heterogeneous data sources. • The unCoVer network aims to demonstrate the usability of the infrastructure to address research questions related to the COVID-19 while extending the concept to other clinical areas.


Objective To investigate the time and concentration-dependent effects of IGF-1,IGF-2 and insulin on the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in HEC-1-A and Ishikawa cells.Methods HEC-1-A and Ishikawa cells were firstly treated with IGF-1(10 nmol/L),IGF-2(10 nmol/L) or insulin for different times(5 min,10 min,20 min,30 min,60 min),respectively.The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in each group was detected with western blot and the highest level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation indicated the optimal stimulating intervals.Then,HEC-1-A and Ishikawa cells were treated with different concentrations of IGF-1,IGF-2 or insulin(2 nmol/L,5 nmol/L,10 nmol/L,20 nmol/L,100 nmol/L) in their optimal time intervals.A similar western blot detection was performed in order to determine the optimal concentration of each microenvironmental factors.Results ① IGF-1,IGF-2 and insulin could induce the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in both HEC-1-A and Ishikawa cells.②In HEC-1-A cells,the highest level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was induced by 10 nmol/LIGF-1 for 10 min,10 nmol/L IGF-2 for 30 min,and 10 nmol/L insulin for 10 min.③ In Ishikawa cells,the highest level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was induced by 2 nmol/L IGF-1 for 20 min,10 nmol/L IGF-2 for 30 min,and 10 nmol/L insulin for 10 min.Conclusions IGF-1,IGF-2 and insulin could induce the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in both HEC-1-A and Ishikawa cells in a time and concentration dependent manner.


The development of an interactive software package that provides a hands-on implementation of the Simplex method is presented. The goal is to supplement classroom instruction in linear programming. The user defines a linear programming problem and may attempt to find the solution using either a step-by-step approach or a direct approach. The step-by-step approach is an implementation of the Simplex method that examines the solution space after each pivoting operation. The direct approach follows the algorithm of the Simplex method until a termination condition is found.<<ETX>>


Aim. The presented study aims to examine the market for convention, exhibition, and event services in large cities (through the example of St. Petersburg).Tasks. The authors analyze the current state of the market for convention, exhibition, and event services with allowance for the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, describe the role of convention, exhibition, and event activities as a driving force for the development of large cities, and propose ways to restore the convention, exhibition, and event industry in the post-pandemic period.Methods. This study uses the methods of systematization, logical, content, and statistical analysis to examine the structural elements of the system "convention and exhibition activities — metropolis".Results. The essential characteristics of convention and exhibition activities and specific features of functioning of the market for convention, exhibition and event services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are determined. Development trends and directions of market transformations in the post pandemic period are identified, and proposals for expanding the effects of online formats in the event industry are formulated.Conclusions. The study shows the importance of the convention, exhibition, and event industry as a factor in generating business tourist flows to a destination, as a driving force for the development of a metropolis, as a factor in differentiating tourism and related services, and as a basis for attracting investment and implementing major infrastructure projects in a region hosting major business events. Regarding the development of online formats, the advisability of creating specialized marketplaces in the field of convention, exhibition, and event services is shown.


I t has been claimed by a number of workers that handling rats during the early part of their lives makes them grow faster (Weininger, 1954, 1956; Weininger, McClelland & Arima 1954; Ruegamer, Bernstein & Benjamin, 1954; Ruegamer & Silverman, 1956; McClelland, 1956; Levine, 1957; Mogenson, McMurray & Jaques, 1957; Levine & Otis, 1958), though others have not invariably obtained this result (Scott, 1955; Mogenson & Ehrlich, 1958). The term 'handling' in this connexion has implied gentle treatment. In most instances it has involved stroking the animals; some American authors have preferred to use the word 'gentling'. Levine (1957), however, pointed out that simply moving the animal from the nest for a period of 3 min had the same effect. If it is true that this 'gentling' in some way increases the growth rate, the situation has human implications, for it is well known that extra 'tender loving care' may be all that is needed to make babies thrive when they are parted from their mothers and live in institutions and hospitals. Part of this 'tender loving care' undoubtedly involves taking more time and trouble over feeding, and consumption of more food may be why some of these babies grow faster. On the other hand, a psychological reason may predominate, for Widdowson (1951) found that schoolchildren living in an orphanage in Germany gained weight and height less rapidly when they were anxious and unhappy than when they were not and grew less rapidly than children of similar age distribution in another orphanage where the atmosphere was congenial and happy, although the unhappy children in fact ate more food. The analogy with children, however, cannot be drawn too closely. Some workers have suggested that the effect on the young animal is one of disturbance and mild stress, caused perhaps by its removal from the warm nest. Further, handling of animals by man involves two species, and it may well be that stimulation of some sensory organ, for example the olfactory one, is as important as the tactile stimulation of the skin. The object of our experiments was to try to confirm and at the same time to explain the observations of Levine and others. Three experiments have been made. In the first, male rats were handled daily from weaning at 3 weeks till they were 9 weeks old, and their growth and behaviour were compared with those of unhandled litter-mates. In the second and third, all the members of some litters were handled daily during the suckling period and their progress was compared with that of the young in other undisturbed litters. * Present address : Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen.


We present a hybrid method to model the SH wave scattering from 2D fractures embedded in a heterogeneous medium by coupling Boundary Element Method (BEM) and Finite Different Method (FDM) in the frequency domain. We use FDM to propagate SH wave from a source through heterogeneities to localized homogeneous domains where fractures are embedded within artificial boundaries. According to Huygens' Principle, the boundary points can be regarded as "secondary" point sources and their values are determined by FDM. Given the incident fields from these point sources, we apply BEM to model the scattering from fractures and propagate them back to the artificial boundaries. FDM then takes the boundaries as secondary sources and continues propagating the scattered field into the heterogeneous medium. We also present a numerical iterative scheme that can account for the multiple scattering between different sets of fractures or between fractures and heterogeneities. We first compare the results calculated from this hybrid method with pure BEM method to show the accuracy of the hybrid approach and the iterative scheme. This method is then applied to calculate the wave scattered from fractures embedded in a horizontally layered medium and a more complicated Marmousi model.


Modern approaches for resolution enhancement (RE) and superresolution (SR) of coherent remote sensing (RS) imagery suggest to exploit the sparsity of the desired image representations in some appropriately chosen overcomplete dictionaries and treat the related RE/SR imaging inverse problems in descriptive settings imposing some structured regularization constraints. However, such approaches are not properly adapted to the SR recovery of the speckle-corrupted low resolution (LR) coherent radar imagery with preservation of salient image features. In this letter, we address a new multistage iterative SR technique for feature-enhanced radar/fractional synthetic aperture radar computational imaging. First, the despeckled high-resolution image is recovered from the LR speckle-corrupted radar image applying the descriptive-experiment-design-regularization-based reconstructive processing. Next, the multistage RE is consequently performed in each nested refined SR frame via the iterative reconstruction of the upscaled radar images, followed by the discrete-wavelet-transform-based sparsity-promoting denoising with guaranteed consistency preservation in each resolution frame.


Atomization of fluids using ultrasonic irradiation of a fluid interface is well-known, yet the underlying physics is surprisingly complex and rather poorly understood. We review classical and modern theories of capillary wave formation and droplet atomization, from Michael Faraday in 1831 onwards, and show how the atomization process occurs via induction of bulk turbulence that in turn engenders capillary wave production and turbulence. We show the clear separation of droplet generation rate from the frequency of the excitation ultrasound, and instead show the existence of a specific atomization frequency dependent upon the ratio of the fluid's surface tension to its viscosity.


Caitlin Potter, Natasha de Vere, Laura E. Jones, Col R. Ford, Matthew J. Hegarty, 3 Kathy H. Hodder, Anita Diaz and Elizabeth Franklin. 4 5 Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, 6 Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK. 7 Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, 8 Poole. 9 National Botanic Garden of Wales, Llanarthne, Carmarthenshire, SA32 8HG, UK. 10 Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, 11 Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK. 12 School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, 13 Canada 14 15 16 Corresponding author: 17 Caitlin Potter, 18 S26, Cledwyn Building, 19 Penglais Campus, 20 Aberystwyth University, 21 Aberystwyth, 22 Ceredigion, 23 SY23 3DZ. 24 firstname.lastname@example.com 25 26 Running title (40 characters): Broad resource use by urban bees 27


Studies presented in this report were designed to investigate the effects of transforming growth factor‐b̃1 (TGF‐b̃1) on epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐ mediated stimulation of cAMP accumulation in cardiac myocytes and elucidate the mechanism(s) involved in this modulation. TGF‐b̃1 (20 pM) treatment of cardiac myocytes, in a time‐dependent manner, decreased the ability of EGF (100 nM) to increase cAMP accumulation. Significant attenuation of EGF‐elicited cAMP accumulation was observed 2 h after exposure to TGF‐b̃1 and 18 h after addition of TGF‐b̃1, the ability of EGF to increase cAMP accumulation was completely obliterated. TGF‐β1 neither decreased immunoprecipitable EGF receptors in membranes from cardiomyocytes nor altered the specific binding of [125I] EGF to cardiomyocyte membranes. However, TGF‐b̃1 decreased the ability of EGF to phosphorylate membrane proteins on tyrosine residues. TGF‐b̃1 treatment of cardiomyocytes also decreased the ability of forskolin to augment cAMP accumulation in intact cells and stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity. Similarly, in membranes of TGF‐b̃1‐treated cells, neither isoproterenol nor EGF stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity. Interestingly, as assessed by the ability of A1F4− to stimulate adenylyl cyclase, TGF‐b̃1 did not alter the coupling between Gs and catalytic subunits. Likewise, TGF‐b̃1 did not alter the functional activity of the inhibitory regulatory element of the system, Gi. Western analysis of cellular proteins revealed that TGF‐b̃1 did not alter the amounts of Gsα, Giα2, and Giα3. We conclude that TGF‐b̃1 attenuates EGF‐elicited cAMP accumulation in cardiomyocytes, in part, by decreasing the EGF receptor kinase function and that TGF‐b̃1‐mediated alterations in the activity of adenylyl cyclase catalytic subunit also contribute toward the regulation of adenylyl cyclase by various agonists. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Encryption and compression are two critical techniques to ensure data confidentiality and efficiency for a cloud-based data storage system, respectively. However, directly combing encryption and compression incurs substantial performance degradation. We propose TinyEnc, an encrypted data storage system for cloud-based key-value store, which supports encryption and compression simultaneously with rich query support. To reconcile encryption and compression without compromising performance, we first propose a new encrypted compression data structure to enable fine-grained access to compressed and encrypted key-value data. We then propose two new transforming mechanisms, namely orthogonal data dividing and hierarchical data padding, to transform a plaintext key-value table into the encrypted compression data structure in a privacy-preserving way. Finally, we craft order-revealing encryption (ORE) and symmetric searchable encryption (SSE) to design a new encrypted search index over the encrypted compression data structure to support rich types of data queries. We implement a prototype of TinyEnc on top of Cassandra. Besides, the evaluation result shows that TinyEnc increases the throughput by up to 7 times and compression ratio by up to 1.3 times with respect to previous works.


Abstract We report the feasibility of x-ray scattering studies of freely suspended strands of discotic liquid crystals of triphenylene hexa-n-dodecanoate (HATH) and of hexa-alcoxy derivatives of triphenylene (HET11). With use of a pin and cup configuration, we are able to grow strands, which are stable for days, of diameter > 50 μm with a few single crystal domains. In HATH, as a function of increasing temperature, the system exhibits two liquid crystal columnar phases labeled Dl and D2. In the columnar phases, the molecules segregate into infinite liquid columns arranged in two-dimensional lattices. We find that the quasi-two-dimensional columnar D2-D1 structural phase transition from hexagonal to centered rectangular (herringbone) is associated with a small lattice distortion consistent with a close-packed model with only the core of the molecule tilted in the Dl phase. By carrying out longitudinal (parallel to column axis) diffuse scattering scans in HATH and a series of both small core discotics: benz...


The utility model discloses a boiler system using combination of sensible heat of raw gas and waste heat of exhaust gas in a coke oven. The boiler system comprises a flue gas and air system, an exhaust heat boiler system, a water-steam system and a steam attemperation system, wherein the exhaust heat boiler system is connected with the flue gas and air system and the water-steam system respectively. According to the boiler system using the combination of the sensible heat of the raw gas and the waste heat of the exhaust gas in the coke oven, the technical limit that the two residual heat resources are recycled separately in the prior art is broken through, utilization value and ways of waste heat gas for generating low-pressure saturated steam are improved, the problems of water leakage, tar condensation, rising tube blocking and the like in the sensible heat of the raw gas are solved properly, and utilization efficiency and economic value of waste heat resources in the coke oven are greatly improved.


Introduction The Maltese Late Bronze Age has been largely unnoticed in archaeological research. This can also be said of the first historical phase of the island, when the first Phoenician colonists arrived on the islands. This great gap in research is explained by the importance of the megalithic remains of the previous periods, on which archaeologists and prehistorians have concentrated all their efforts. This imbalance in research has caused many questions to go unanswered, for example: how long the Late Bronze Age phases have lasted, their chronologies; the coexistence among the inhabitants and the first Phoenicians, as well as the possible local influences on the culture of the first Phoenician settlers.


Lemierre's syndrome is a rare and less commonly occurring clinical condition that generally relates to the septic
thrombophlebitis of the Internal Jugular vein. Mostly the clinicians have forgotten about this due to less incidence, the
most common bacteria causing infection are and Streptococci followed by styaphylococci and Klebsiella [1] . The major proportion of cases that
come to light are due to deep neck space infections that ultimately leads to thrombotic involvement of IJV, accounts for for majority of the cases.
The other causes include complications of chronic suppurative otitis media and thrombosis occurring in deep veins. Since the Internal Jugular
Vein is involved the infection can also undergo hematogenous spread. The infection generally spreads to Spleen, Liver, Kidney, Heart and Brain.
[3][4] Lemierre's syndrome can be diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, multitude of blood series and Imaging. Since it is an infectious
condition the treatment involves systemic antibiotic therapy and early administration of broad spectrum antibiotics in high dose become
necessary for prevention of complications and systemic spread of infection. [3][4] We are presenting a case series of 5 cases over a period of six
years from November 2015 to November 2021.


When Michaelsen (1923) described a species of didemnid from Heligoland, he stated that it was very similar to Leptoclinum maculosum Milne Edwards (1841), so far as may be judged by external appearance, but since no adequate description of this latter existed he proposed to call his Heligoland form by a new name, Didemnum helgolandicum, rather than use an old name which might well be wrong. Neither Michaelsen nor Hartmeyer, who described further details of D. helgolandicum (1924), was able to compare it directly with specimens of D. maculosum from the Channel coasts whence it was first described by Milne Edwards. Through the kindness of the directors of the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen and of the Biological Station of Roscoff I have been able to obtain specimens of both these forms and to compare them with specimens collected around Plymouth and on the coast of North Wales, and with specimens of D. candidum Savigny, collected at Naples, and from the Red Sea, and of Trididemnum alleni Berrill, collected around Plymouth.


Human single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (hSSB1) is required for the timely repair of double-strand DNA breaks, as well as the stabilisation and restart of stalled replication forks. In this work, evidence is provided that cellular survival in response to replication stress is promoted by dynamic phosphorylation of hSSB1 by the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and PPP-family protein phosphatases. These data provide insight into the functional regulation of hSSB1 following replication fork disruption.


Premise of research. The Caribbean is an important area of species diversity within the large pantropical genus Phyllanthus. With the goal of illuminating the evolutionary origins of Caribbean Phyllanthus, we undertook a phylogenetic analysis significantly increasing previous samplings of the genus in the Neotropics. We reconstructed the evolution of selected morphological characters and evaluated the implications of our results in light of the representation of Caribbean and Neotropical species in the infrageneric classification of the genus. Methodology. We estimated phylogentic trees using parsimony, Bayesian, and likelihood approaches based on plastid and nuclear sequence data sets. These represented 78 taxa from the Neotropics, most of which were generated for this study, as well as most other subgenera and sections of Phyllanthus and other genera of Phyllanthaceae. Four vegetative and four floral morphological characters were assessed for the whole study group. Ancestral character states were reconstructed using BayesTraits. Pivotal results. Plastid and nuclear partitions agree on a highly supported Caribbean clade that contains the vast majority of the species from this region as being part of a large Neotropical clade. Another small Caribbean clade is found nested among African linages. Although morphological characters exhibit some level of homoplasy, some trends are evident, for example, in the large Neotropical clade. Conclusions. The majority of species in the Caribbean belong to a single clade that has evolved from Neotropical ancestors. This is well circumscribed with morphology and corresponds to subgenus Xylophylla, the concept of which is adjusted here to be monophyletic. The existence of a small Caribbean clade related to African species marks a noteworthy case of Caribbean plant origin. Although phyllanthoid branching is not a synapomorphy for Phyllanthus s.l. (including Breynia, Glochidion, and Sauropus), combinations of vegetative and floral characters allow a clear assignment to the Phyllanthus s.l. clade.


Next-generation electro-bioreactors will require development of novel reactor-tailored components to improve reactor productivity while maintaining high energy efficiency and biocompatible reactor conditions.


Fake media, generated by methods such as deepfakes, have become indistinguishable from real media, but their detection has not improved at the same pace. Furthermore, the absence of interpretability on deepfake detection models makes their reliability questionable. In this paper, we present a human perception level of interpretability for deepfake audio detection. Based on their characteristics, we implement several explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods used for image classification on an audio-related task. In addition, by examining the human cognitive process of XAI on image classification, we suggest the use of a corresponding data format for providing interpretability. Using this novel concept, a fresh interpretation using attribution scores can be provided.


Crystal-reflected X-radiation is becoming increasingly used for taking diffraction photographs because it eliminates the background due to the white radiation present in the direct beam from the X-ray tube. Various crystals can be used as reflectors and descriptions are given of some of them, together with a list of properties which determine their usefulness for different sorts of investigations In addition, a simple instrument for mounting a crystal is described; its main advantage is its compactness, which ensures that the reflected beam is as intense as possible.


Subcritical crack growth behavior was examined in Al 2 O 3 matrix composites reinforced with 0, 10, 20 vol% SiC nanoparticles. Crack velocity exponent, was evaluated from two different methods. One is from the mean bending strength, and the other from the curve-fitting on 3-point bending strength data obtained under different testing conditions. A bending strength of the 20% SiC composite is about 970 MPa and shows no influence of both the environment and loading rate, while the monolithic Al 2 O 3 shows lower strength in air than in vacuum. The n value from the curve fitting on strength data is about 58 in the monolithic, 36 in the 10% SiC and 66 in the 20% SiC composite. Fracture toughness evaluated by the controlled-surface-flaw method show a similar tendency to the dependence of n value on the volume fraction of SiC particles. Taking the effect of grain size into consideration, it is expected that enough SiC particles can contribute to the improvement of both the fracture toughness and subcritical crack growth resistance.


A comprehensive, semi-quantitative model for the thermodynamics of hydrophobic solvation is presented. The model is based on a very simple premise suggested by the scaled particle theory and treats both solute and solvent molecules as hard spheres. A connection between the peculiarly large heat-capacity change for hydrophobic solvation and the large temperature dependence of the thermal expansivity of water is found. Analysis reveals a possible physical origin for the converging behavior of solvation entropies for a series of homologous hydrophobic compounds. The model suggests that the low solubility and the large heat-capacity change of hydrophobic solvation stem from two distinct aspects of water molecules: the static geometry of the molecule and the dynamic hydrogen bonding network, respectively.


Dynamic supersonic shock waves have a very fascinating perspective of inducing phase transitions in materials as it is evident from the present research work. Despite much experimental and theoretical research...


Bamboo woven craft of Gintangan Village is one of the tourist attractions in Banyuwangi which has become a characteristic of Gintangan Village, Banyuwangi Regency and should be preserved. By interviewing the managers, sellers, craftsmen and the young generation, several real conditions were obtained which were then interpreted in the form of mathematical models and systems of differential equations. Furthermore, by analyzing the critical point of the system of differential equations, the condition of the existence of the Gintangan Village bamboo woven craft is obtained. The critical point showed that by providing the birth number that was greater than death number, the number of incoming residents was greater than the number of outgoing residents, and the conversion number of non-craftsmen to craftsmen was greater than number of craftsmen who decided to stop, it was found that at one time the number of non-craftsmen was little than the number of craftsmen. This situation has a good impact on the existence of bamboo woven craft of Gintangan Village in Banyuwangi.


Fine‐powdered bulk materials exhibit high compressibility even under low pressure. The dosing error in volumetric dosing devices increases fundamentally with increasing product compressibility. In order to increase the dosing accuracy of a volumetric dosing of powdered bulk solids, the dosing process must be adapted to the product parameters. The most important parameter is the time‐variable product density. With a pure volumetric dosage, it has a direct influence on the actually filled product quantity. Attempts are often made to obtain feedback by means of a scale in order to continuously adjust the volume. However, this is often associated with a delay. In this article, the approach is to measure the product mass flow directly by means of a microwave sensor and to regulate it to a predetermined mass flow. The experimental investigations were carried out with a screw dosing device FVS 3111. Two scenarios were tested: on the one hand, the integration of the sensor directly at the product delivery point, whereby the difference of the average value of the dosed quantity to the target weight could be improved with the sample product coffee; on the other, the sensor was integrated directly at the beginning of the screw and the remaining product flow was simulated. A reduction of the standard deviation compared with the conventional control could also be achieved, but here, the difference between the average of the dosed quantity and the nominal quantity is greater. The cause is presumed to be the too generalized assumption of product behaviour in the case of vertical conveying by means of a screw. In summary, the dosing accuracy of a screw dosing device could be increased by measuring and regulating the mass flow and thus the costs of a manufactured packaging could be reduced.


Teacher education in South Africa has mainly undergone these developmental models,from macroscopic view it has experienced three developmental stages:closed,open and university-orientation training;form medium-view it has gone through three organization forms:separated independent colleges,departments of education and faculties of education under the university.At present,from microscopic view it appears parallel,continuous and diversified model coexists.All these phenomena not only reflect the change process of teacher education to a certain extent,but also embody development features of teacher education model in South Africa.


Over the past few decades, there has been increasing interest in left- libertarianism, which holds (roughly) that agents fully own themselves and that natural resources (land, minerals, air, and the like) belong to everyone in some egalitarian sense. Left-libertarianism agrees with the more familiar right-libertarianism about self-ownership, but radically disagrees with it about the power to acquire ownership of natural resources. Merely being the first person to claim, discover, or mix labor with an unappropriated natural resource does not—left-libertarianism insists—generate a full private property right in that natural resource. Left-libertarianism seems promising because it recognizes both strong individual rights of liberty and security and also grounds a strong demand for some kind of material equality. It seems, that is, to be a plausible a form of liberal egalitarianism. In a recent review essay of a two-volume anthology on left-libertarianism (edited by two of us), Barbara Fried has insightfully laid out most of the core issues that confront left-libertarianism.1 We are each left-libertarians, and we would like to take this opportunity to address some of the general issues that she raises. We shall focus, as Fried does much of the time, on the question of whether left-libertarianism is a well-defined and distinct alternative to existing forms of liberal egalitarianism. More specifically, we shall address the following fundamental issues raised by Fried (and others): (1) Does the notion of self-ownership have any determinate content? (2) What is the relation between self-ownership and world ownership? (3) How is left-libertarianism different from other forms of liberal egalitarianism (e.g., those of Rawls and Dworkin)? First, however, we shall set the context by providing some general background on left-libertarianism.


A method is described for the analysis of bromoxynil and its octanoate in soil. The sample is extracted with ammoniacal methanol which, on standing, converts any octanoate present to bromoxynil. Diazomethane converts this to bromoxynil methyl ether which is estimated by g.l.c. Additional clean-up may be effected by t.l.c. With a 40 g sample the method can detect 0.05 mg/kg. Recoveries are better than 80 % down to 0.1 mg/kg and about 55 % at the limit of detection (0.05 mg/kg).


To assess the long‐term efficacy and safety of erenumab in the subgroup of patients with chronic migraine (CM) in whom prior preventive treatments had failed (TF) (≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 TF medication categories) and never failed (preventive naïve or prior preventive treatments had not failed), using the data from a 52‐week, open‐label treatment period (OLTP) of the parent study.


Pinealectomy produced adrenal hypertrophy in male mice. Melatonin not only reversed this effect, but also caused adrenal hypotrophy, by itself. Pinealectomy also augmented adrenal enlargement due to castration in males, but only the portion of hypertrophy due to pinealectomy was reversed by melatonin. Unilateral adrenalectomy was followed by adrenal enlargement 3 days later in males and females. This effect was reversed in males by melatonin, and in females by melatonin, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptophol, 5-methoxytryptophol, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; less so by 6-hydroxymelatonin; and not at all by 5-hydroxytryptophan or 5-methoxyindoleacetic acid (administered in single doses of 100 µg on the day of operation). Castration gave rise to increased adrenal weight in males, which was not significantly counteracted by melatonin. Adrenals were enlarged in males subjected to an ambient temperature of 5 °C for 4 h on each of 3 successive days, with no amelioration in adrenal weight response when


Information systems governed by laws and regulations are subject to civil and criminal violations. In the United States, these violations are documented in court records, such as complaints, indictments, plea agreements, and verdicts, which thus constitute a source of real-world software vulnerabilities. This paper reports on an exploratory case study to identify legal vulnerabilities and provides guidance to practitioners in the analysis of court documents. As legal violations occur after system deployment, court records reveal vulnerabilities that were likely overlooked during software development. We evaluate established requirements engineering techniques, including sequence and misuse case diagrams and goal models, as applied to criminal court records to identify mitigating requirements that improve privacy protections. These techniques, when properly applied, can help organizations focus their risk-management efforts on emerging legal vulnerabilities. We illustrate our analysis using criminal indictments involving the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).


PART ONE. THE CONTEXT 1. Lone parent families today 2. The fall and rise of lone parenthood 3. Thinking about lone parenthood 4. . The role of the state PART TWO. LONE PARENT FAMILIES AND SOCIAL POLICY 5. Poverty and social security 6. Work and employment 7. Care and welfare of children 8. Non-resident parents and child support 9. Health, housing and hardship 10. Conclusions Appendix 1: Sources of quantitative data on lone parent families Appendix 2: Useful internet sites References Index


If there is one element on which all researchers of Ottoman and Turkish history seem to agree, this is the assumption that the military institution has been the most important force behind the evolution of the social, economic and political structure of the Turkish state. 'It was the military corps that named and the military prestige that sustained the leader - once a Sultan Caliph, now a President', argue Lerner and Robinson about the role of the military institution in the political development of the Ottoman and the Turkish states.' Hence, any attempt to define the type of civil-military relations in post-war Turkey would be incomplete without observing and understanding the role of the military during the earlier periods. The settlement of Turkish nomadic populations in Anatolia in the eighth-ninth century AD, the formation of their first states and the expansion of their territorial borders over neighbouring lands had a profound effect on their political organization. Two broadly defined socio-political groups dominated the political life of the Ottoman state: the askeri or ruling class, composed of the Sultan, the higher ranks of the military and the bureaucracy and the ulema, and the re'aya, composed of the Muslim and non-Muslim population which resided inside the state and had no direct role in government.2 The dominant role which the military institution played in the formation and preservation of the Ottoman Empire has been emphatically pointed out by Lybyer. According to him, 'the Ottoman government had been an Army before it was anything else ... in fact, Army and Government were one. War was the external purpose, Government the internal purpose, of one institution, composed of one body of men.'3 The expansion of the Empire into three continents and its subsequent disintegration, led to an increase in the level of contest for political power among the members of the ruling group. The result of these contests had a serious effect on the foundations of the modern Turkish state. As the Empire expanded, the attempts of the Sultans to maintain political control over the cavalry corps, the Sipahis,' led gradually to the formation of a salaried infantry corps under their direct command, the


The audio digital watermark technology has the problem of inferior practicable for long time,because that adjust the parameter need manual work in order to satisfy the robust and imperceptible embeding watermark in the audio signal, this is no reality This paper put forward a algorithm based on psychoacoustic model,used of masking effect of sound,regard the changed original signal embedded the watermark as the noise and make its sound intensity lower than the minmum masking threshold in order to satisfy watermark′s robust and imperceptible


High‐dose methotrexate (MTX) exposure during pregnancy is associated with embryopathy. The teratogenic potential of MTX at dosages typically used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of spontaneous abortion, major birth defects, elective termination of pregnancy, shortened gestational age at delivery, and reduced birth weight in women exposed to MTX.


The mobile learning system will not only bring the attention of students towards education but also higher results can be achieved. One of the motives of the research is to involve the students in their academic assignment by using a system that lets the students work on the assignment with interest. Moreover, better results from students are expected after implementing the mobile learning system. Manual work will be given to students before the mobile learning system to get the attention of students and then work on the mobile learning system will be assigned. The difference between both traditional and computerization mobile learning systems will be analyzed by surveying students. The traditional cloud computing structure is physically centralized.


Colostrum from cows which had been mammary gland vaccinated against salmonellosis were tested for antibodies by four different serological tests. Results from these tests were related to the protective activity for artificially infected calves. In opposition to agglutinating antibodies and antibodies detected by ELISA, complement fixing antibodies of the IgG1 class were shown to transfer early protection in artificially infected calves.


The thesis tests the assumption that a building is not an isolated occurrence, but is integral with the ongoing scene from which it emerges. The design was developed with a constant sense of its context, both built and sociological: people effect and are affected by a building's existence. The building is a facility for the enhancement of lives as they are lived, and of the city as its fabric finds its way into and through its buildings. Far from demarcating a sacred precinct, the building is more like a net which undulates with the flow of the city and its life, but lets that life pass through with only the remembrance of what has been experienced. Consistent with this philosophy, the thesis is presented in a story format which views the building as continuous with the people, context, and mores from which it emerges. The scene focuses on Adams Morgan, specifically Columbia Road NW, its main street. We see it through the eyes of of three characters whose lives become entwined through the creation of a new school of popular music there. The story of the characters, related in comics format, tells of the genesis and realization of the Whynot School of Contempo Music, an institution whose campus finally becomes the street. In the telling we are reminded of the significance of pop iconography and the sights, sounds, and feel of Rockitecture. Thesis Supervisor: Bill Hubbard Jr. Title: Assistant Professor of Architecture 2


This article introduces a 48-channel T-R module used in a data-link phased-array system, Realizing the highly integrated and miniaturized design of TR components. The key issues such as vertical interconnection of radio frequency signals, electromagnetic compatibility and heat dissipation in the K-band high-density assembly are solved.


Advanced life support (ALS) guidelines recommend ultrasound to identify reversible causes of cardiac arrest. Right ventricular (RV) dilatation during cardiac arrest is commonly interpreted as a sign of pulmonary embolism. The RV is thus a focus of clinical ultrasound examination. Importantly, in animal studies ventricular fibrillation and hypoxia results in RV dilatation. Tension pneumothorax (tPTX) is another reversible cause of cardiac arrest, however, the impact on RV diameter remains unknown.


A method measuring the size of nanoparticles attribute to pedagogical experiments is investigated. By comparing the apparent gravity of nanoparticles from weighing method with the particle size distribution from TEM imaging, a strong correlation between the apparent gravity and particle size distribution of nanoparticles is gotten. Using the correlation, the apparent gravity can be converted into the particle size. The dependence of preparation parameters and the nanoparticles size is also investigated.


This dissertation seeks to complicate racial performance by suggesting that writers of the diaspora are actually using geographical, historical, and cultural touchpoints to create a sense of identity and belonging. Through analysis of African diasporic fictional characters that lie outside of classic black archetypes--I seek to seal the rift between these "outsiders" and the greater black community through their journeys in the texts. While my focus is on three points of contention within the black community--spirituality, sexuality, and speech--I suggest that the conscious movement to black Southern spaces allows RCBs agency to reconcile with their communities. INDEX WORDS: Negritude, Reverse South Migration, African diaspora, Racially critical blacks, African literature, Caribbean literature, African American literature IMPRISONED BY SEX, SPIRIT, AND SPEECH: COMPLICATING DIASPORIC NEGRITUDE


ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to evaluate three forthcoming scenarios (continuing of forest management plans, logging ban, and forest management plans halt) in terms of policy change and sele...


OF DISSERTATION RESONANT TEXTS: SOUND, NOISE, AND TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN LITERATURE "Resonant Texts" draws from literary criticism, history, biography, media theory, and the history of technology to examine representations of sound and acts of listening in modern experimental fiction and drama. I argue that sound recording technology, invented in the late 19th century, equipped 20th century authors including James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Ralph Ellison, and Samuel Beckett with new resources for depicting human consciousness and experience. The works in my study feature what I call "close listening," a technique initially made possible by the phonograph, which forced listeners to focus exclusively on what they heard without the presence of an accompanying image. My study examines the literary modernists' acute attention to the auditory in their goal to accurately represent the reality of the subjective, perceiving self in increasingly urban, technologically advanced environments.


In this paper, we investigate the security issue of a two-hop amplify-and-forward multiple-input multiple-output wireless relay network in the existence of a multiantenna eavesdropper. The optimal scheme to achieve the secrecy capacity involves a nonconvex optimization and is still an open problem. Aiming to find an efficient way to enhance the secrecy rate with a tractable complexity, we propose a suboptimal joint source and relay linear precoding and power allocation scheme. In the scheme, the source node adopts a generalized singular value decomposition (SVD)-based precoding to transmit the signal in the first phase, and the relay node forwards the received signal based on the SVD precoding in the null-space of the wiretap channel in the second phase. Power allocations in both phases are optimized to maximize the secrecy rate by an alternating iterative optimization algorithm. Each iteration involves two subproblems. One has a water-filling solution and the other has a closed-form solution or a water-filling-like solution as well, both of which are computationally very efficient. The iteration converges fast and we prove that it guarantees to find a stationary optimum. Furthermore, we show that when the eavesdropper has equal or more antennas than the source does, the secrecy rate is a quasi-concave function of the source power so that allocating all the source power is generally not optimal. Numerical evaluation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the iterative algorithm and the proposed secrecy scheme.


We analyze the status of Canadian oil sands and examine future prospects. Our analysis suggests sustained activity in the sector in the medium- to long-term even with challenging changes in the surrounding economic and policy circumstances (in particular low oil prices and a redoubled commitment to more aggressive climate policies by Canada's provincial and federal governments). However, a combination of an expectation of a sustained increase in benchmark oil prices and the expected relaxation of transportation constraints will be needed to stimulate significant additional growth in production. We provide an overview of the basic production economics, as well as the economics and politics of getting product to market by pipeline and rail. A review of environmental impacts of Canadian oil sands development reveals significant concerns with respect to air quality, water quality, wildlife and other environmental impacts. However, we find that existing research on the environmental and wider social impacts is insufficient to underpin credible benefit–cost analysis of oil sands activities and development.


This final chapter, the conclusion, reflects on the treatment of nature and hunting themes in the last two decades of Ivan Turgenev's life, when, though his passion for the chase persisted, palpable doubts about its freshness and moral legitimacy appeared with greater force and frequency. In this late period, Turgenev gravitated toward the paranormal in his short stories. His last two novels, Smoke and Virgin Soil, continue to use nature as a touchstone in ideologically charged settings, though Virgin Soil does so with considerably more finesse. The chapter explains that the appendices provide translations of four source documents vital to any understanding of Turgenev's nature philosophy: a chronology of his references to nature's indifference, his two reviews of Sergei Aksakov's hunting treatise, and his codified precepts for hunters and their dogs.


Six mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., with reduced levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in their seed lipids, were isolated by direct screening of ethyl methane sulfonate-mutagenized populations using gas chromatography


The effects of yttrium content on the morphologies of eutectic Mg2Si phases in Mg2Si/AZ91D composite were investigated.The results show that yttrium can effectively modify the eutectic Mg2Si phases in Mg2Si/AZ91D composite.The morphologies of eutectic Mg2Si phases changes from coarse dendrites or Chinese script shape into fine polygonal shape with 0.8% yttrium addition.Over modification of the eutectic Mg2Si phases was not found when the content of yttrium increases to 1.2%.The modification mechanism should be associated with the enrichment of yttrium and their intermetallic compounds on the growth faces of the eutectic Mg2Si crystals.The coarse dendrites or chinese script could be dissolved partially and tended to be spheroidized during solution heat treatment due to the diffusion of Si atoms.Yttrium modification can promote the spheroidization of Mg2Si phases during solution treatment.


In this paper we review results of studies of two types of spatially graded quantum well structures containing various layers of diluted magnetic semi- conductors Cd1- x xM n xTe or Cd1- x - y Mn x Mgy Te. The design of the struc- tures has been recently proposed by us and suitable samples have been grown by a modified molecular beam epitaxy method. In the structures of the first type a digital profiling of the composition of the constituent material in the growth direction aIlowed to produce quantum wells with a specifically re- quired shape of the confining potential (including parabolic, half-parabolic, triangular, and trapezoidal). Such samples were used for (i) determination of the conduction and valence band offsets in MnTe/CdTe and MgTe/CdTe systems, (ii) for the demonstration of an enhanced exciton binding in a parabolic confining potential as well as for (iii) demonstration of the pos- sibility of "spin-splitting engineering" in diluted magnetic semiconductors quantum structures. In the second type of the structures, a precise in-plane profiling of either quantum well width or the barrier width or n-type doping intensity was realized. These structures were subsequently used for studies of the evolution of optical spectra with an increase in the concentration of confined two-dimensional gas of conduction electrons.


Abstract Many physical experiments give rise to sets of curves related by the requirement that, although certain of the curve parameters may vary from curve to curve, others should be the same for all of the curves. To get the "best" values of the common parameters, one would like to fit all of the curves simultaneously by the appropriate theoretical expressions. This paper deals with this problem, presenting an algorithm for its solution, in the case that the curves are straight lines with common slope and "best" fit is defined in the uniform (or minimax) sense.


A single‐dose, open‐label, randomized‐sequence, 2×2 crossover study was conducted in healthy Chinese adults, after fasting and postprandial, to evaluate the bioequivalence of 2 pyrazinamide (PZA) formulations. Fasting and postprandial tests were conducted in 24 cases. Test‐reference and reference‐test were randomly divided into 2 sequence groups, with 12 cases in each group. The concentration of PZA in plasma was determined after 0.5 g single oral PZA test and reference formulations by the high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. In the fasting group, the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the 2 formulations maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to last detectable plasma concentration, and AUC from time 0 to infinity after logarithmic conversion were 104.8% to 121.9%, 97.7% to 101.6%, and 97.7% to 101.6%, respectively. In the postprandial group, the 90%CIs of the 2 formulations' Cmax, AUC from time 0 to last detectable plasma concentration, and AUC from time 0 to infinity after logarithmic conversion were 86.4% to 100.2%, 96% to 102%, 95.8% to 102.3%, respectively. The 90%CIs of the test/reference Cmax ratio and AUC ratio were within the acceptable range of 80.00% to 125.00% for bioequivalence under both fasting and postprandial conditions. No serious adverse events occurred during treatment with the test formulation or the reference formulation.


The remote sensing detection is a challenging issue for scale diversity, diversity of views, small objects, and sophisticated light and shadow backgrounds. In this paper, inspired by the state-of-the-art detection framework FPN [6], we propose a novel approach for constructing a feature fusion mode that optimizes feature context utilization in detection, calling our resulting system LFFN for Layer-weakening Feature Fusion Network. We explore the inherent relevance of different layers to the final decision, as well as the incentives of higher-level features to lower-level features. Based on the experiments on the remote sensing dataset from Google Earth, our approach has proved effective and practical for remote sensing detection, achieving 89% mAP which is 4.1% higher than that of FPN, running at 4 to 6 FPS.


T he main stages of the concept "market" and its modification in certain economic conditions are i n the article. The features of the operation and management in the complex modern realities are revealled . The trends and real results of development of "market" as the central concept in public relation s are s hown . I mportant components of modern agri-food market are singled out . It has been p roved that their adequate and appropriate comparison, and free development opportunities give positive results of the economy activity as a whole. From a historical perspective it has been shown what kind of role should have the correct and comprehensive analysis of the market environment for efficient economy. The modern trend s of market management as an important part of every economic system are shown . C urrent approaches to control the functioning of all the individual elements of the integral and important market mechanism are analysed . The features of a market of viticulture production as part of the overall agro-food markets are defined in the article . It has been f ound out its place in the overall structure . The results of operation of the entire complex are shown . The prob lems of effective cooperation of w ine market products with other components of the economic transformation are singlrd out . U seful and highly sophisticated mechanisms of the market products of viticulture and the general structure of agriculture market are proposed .


We start with a discussion of the observability of giant flares of extragalactic magnetars following [4]. After this we discuss the hypothesis that the bursting activity of magnetars evolves with time analogously to the glitching activity of normal radio pulsars (i.e., sources more active at smaller ages), and that the increase of the burst rate follows one of the laws established for glitching radio pulsars. If the activity of soft gamma repeaters decreases with time in the way similar to the evolution of core-quake glitches (/ t 5/2 ), then it is more probable to find the youngest soft gamma repeaters, but the energy of giant flares from these sources should be smaller than observed 10 44 – 10 46 ergs as the total energy stored in a magnetar's magnetic field is not enough to support thousands of bursts similar to the prototype 5 March 1979 flare. These results are published in [3]. Then we propose [5] that the strong millisecond extragalactic radio burst (mERB) discovered by Lorimer et al. [1] may be related to a hyperflare from an extragalactic soft gamma-ray repeater. The expected rate of such hyperflares, � 20–50 d 1 Gpc 3 , is in good correspondence with the value estimated by Lorimer et al. A possible mechanism of radio emission can be related to the tearing mode instability in the magnetar magnetosphere, as discussed by Lyutikov [2], and can produce the radio flux corresponding to the observed 30 Jy from the mERB using a simple scaling of the burst energy. Finally, we discuss different models to explain properties of the source GCRT J1745– 3009.


interchangeable casing (1) Helmet (2), to mitigate the traumatic effects of rotational shocks, when falling, in particular for motorcycle helmets of the type comprising a rigid outer shell comprising a region (2A) for the recovery of the skull and an area (2B) for recovery of the neck, characterized in that the shell is made of two separate flexible elements, namely: - a first upper element (3) shaped to cover the cranial zone (2A ) of said helmet, and, - a second lower element (4) for covering the zone (2B) for protecting the neck,


This paper compares the change of CMOS parameter whether shielded packages or not,and discuss the damage mechanism of CMOS shielded packages.Through comparing and discussing,we point out the shortage of shielded packages.The other important conclusion of this paper is that we prove quiescent power dissipation current must be a main factor while evaluating the effect of shielded packages using CMOS device.


Abstract. A continuous intravenous infusion of L‐leucine (300 μmol min‐1) was given to 12 healthy females over a 2 1/2 h period. Arterial plasma concentrations of amino acids and the keto acids of the branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) were measured. In six subjects muscle biopsies were taken before and at the end of the infusion for determination of intracellular (i.c.) free amino acid concentrations, and leg exchange of amino acids was measured. During infusion the plasma level of leucine rose sixfold. Approximately 40% of the infused amount was taken up by muscle. Of this, half was accumulated intracellularly, where the free leucine concentration increased from basal 190 ± 22 to 580 ± 110 μmol 1‐1 ICW (intracellular water) at the end of infusion. The concentrations of most other amino acids, above all the other BCAA and the aromatic amino acids, decreased, by 17–48% in the i.c. pool and by 17–79% in plasma. The plasma level of ketoisocaproic acid (KIC), the keto acid of leucine, increased in parallel with that of leucine. The concentration of keto valine, ketoisovaleric acid (KIV), decreased by 75%, whereas the keto acid of isoleucine, ketomethylvaleric acid (KMV), was unchanged. Leg release of alanine decreased significantly, whereas the exchange of other amino acids were unchanged. Taken together, decreased i.c. and plasma concentrations but unchanged leg exchange of tyrosine and phenylalanine suggest i.c. accumulation of protein. It can be calculated that approximately 40% of the leucine taken up by muscle was accumulated in the intracellular free pool, some 20% could have been incorporated into protein and 40% was probably oxidized.


BACKGROUND
Protected learning time (PLT) is used to allow primary healthcare teams time to learn, protected from service delivery. Different occupational groups have different perceptions and experiences of PLT. Research has shown that community nurses have low rates of attendance at practice-based PLT (PB-PLT) in one area in Scotland. Nursing managers have considerable influence with PLT, as leaders of community nursing teams and as members of PLT steering committees.

AIMS
To understand the community nursing managers' perceptions and experiences of PLT, and to explore their perceptions of the low rate of attendance by community nurses at PB-PLT.

METHODS
Qualitative study involving two focus groups (six nursing managers) and one interview (director of nursing), in three community health partnerships in one NHS health board in Scotland. Focus group interviews and one in-depth interview were conducted, audio-recorded and then transcribed. Transcriptions were analysed using a grounded theory approach to data analysis.

RESULTS
Participants recognised the potential benefits of PLT for community nursing and primary healthcare teams. They perceived low rates of attendance were because learning at PB-PLT was considered irrelevant by community nurses. They felt community nurses were not involved in planning and preparing PB-PLT, and that their learning needs were not incorporated into PB-PLT. Participants felt there were organisational differences between practices and the community nursing team, which acted as a barrier to learning. Participants had concerns about the learning arranged for practice nurses at PB-PLT. They considered that the new general medical services contract had been an initial barrier to learning.

CONCLUSION
Nursing managers had perceptions of PLT that contrasted with those of their community nurses. There were similarities also. Primary healthcare teams need to improve mutual understanding, and need to work together to improve the quality of learning at PB-PLT.


The teaching model in high vocational colleges,work-study alternation,school-business cooperation,and practice on fixed position promote the reform and development of vocational education.However,the reform of Practical English is carried on very slowly,and its position in the cultivation system is lowering gradually,and its development is gradually marginalized,whose result is that its course time is reduced sharply,thus the school pay less attention to it.However,with the strong tie of various political,economic and cultural activities between China and other country,the society's demand to the students' English is becoming higher and higher,the practicality is stressed.The counter measures against the reduce of course time and the textbook system building is illustrated,and the way to combine the English teaching and campus culture is discussed in the thesis.


The task of researching and developing information retrieval systems is becoming important in the big data age. Current search methods try to mention to fast searching based on keyword matching or similar semantic between query and documents but have not got a really effective engine for semantic search . In this paper, we propose a method for information retrieval based on probability inference with the DLMC model to search by semantic equivalents and a topic word with score for fast searching. Results of the experimental with 952 Vietnamese documents show that our method is really effective for Vietnamese document retrieval system..


The present paper is a detailed analysis of failure of humanities-based instruction to achieve students' language goal in college English courses. The essence of content-based instruction and the phenomenon of applying humanities-based instruction to achieve students' language goal are briefly introduced; the reasons for the failure are analyzed; corresponding remedies are offered.


Nanostructure has been envisioned as a novel factor to enhance biomolecular sensing characteristics. In this work, we propose a novel biosensor by using a nano gap formed between two electrodes for biomolecular detections. The nano-gap electrode increases sensitivity of near-surface electrochemical conductances. To examine the proposed sensing characteristics of the nano-gap electrode, different conductive linkers (CB2C and PABA were immobilized to form a conductive layer on the nano-gap surface between the electrodes. The conductance increment of CB2C and PABA linker was about 56% and 396% respectively. This conductance improvement provides nano-gap electrodes ability for cTnT detection, also, the dynamic detection range of CB2C and PABA is from 1ng/ml to 100ng/ml and from 10pg/ml to 100ng/ml respectively. The results also proved that the thickness of conductive layer is a critical factor in conductance and detection limit.


This RESEARCH ROUNDup focuses on patients' experiences of primary health care in Australia in the context of the broader international research base. It briefly discusses relevant findings from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the National Health Performance Authority's 'Healthy Communities' reports, the Productivity Commission's Report on Government Services, and the Council of Australian Governments Reform Council's report on the National Healthcare Agreement.


The present investigation was carried out to analyse the influence of qualitative and quantitative attributes on farmland pricing behaviour in Katteri and Jagathala watersheds in the Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu. A total number of 120 respondents was contacted for the present study. The results obtained from the hedonic regression clearly demonstrated the influence of soil depth, soil wetness, percentage of crop lands, soil quality etc. on farmland prices. The choice variables viz. community housing, farm size, population change, population density and the interaction terms involving population density and soil quality did not show any significant impact on crop land price. The study further showed that the above variables explained 82 percent change in farmland price. The findings obtained would be useful for the land owners in making investment decisions on soil conservation based on the significance of the influencing variables on farmland price. The outcome of the research findings can be used in deciding the level of subsidies to be extended by the Government for conservation projects.


The relationship between control of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte feeding damage and both chemical persistence of carbofuran in soil and adult susceptibility to carbofuran was studied. A significant correlation was found between 50% disappearance time (DT-50%) for carbofuran and the percentage of reduction of feeding damage. Carbofuran persistence curves exhibited either lag or nonlag periods. The nonlag pattern was associated with repeated annual use of carbofuran and low effectiveness. When DT-50% was less than 20 days, control of D. v. virgifera was <50% in most fields. Adults collected from the field plots showed an increase in tolerance to carbofuran from previously reported levels, but there was no correlation between percentage of control and LD50 between 1980 and 1982. Bioassay of adult bettles was not a good indicator for determining if the development of resistance to carbofuran had affected control of larval feeding damage.


The gravitational influence of minilenses which are located in lens galaxies and clusters and which intercept the light paths from multiply imaged quasars is investigated by developing an analytical framework. The mathematical formulation is adopted for deriving flux variations due to minilensing, and explicit light curves are computed numerically for a variety of minlens paths coming close to the images of the twin quasar 0957+561 A,B. It is demonstrated that under certain circumstances the operation of minilensing can lead to the vanishing of an image. This feature could provide a diagnostic probe of quasar structure and dark matter in the lenses and also serve as a test of gravitational lens models. Subject headings:


In high-pressure deep wells,the testing string damages have become one of the main reasons of the failure in well test.Oil field application showed a helical buckling has taken place in string ends under pressure.After further buckling deformation was more complex,it is difficult to directly apply the theoretical formula to calculate accurately,unable to reflect the actual complex underground correctly.This paper adopts a numerical simulation method,using ABAQUS finite element analysis software to build 3D simulation model of testing string which is below the neutral point.The testing string is simulated in different risk working conditions by comprehensive consideration of the string axial force,friction,internal and external pressure,gravity and so on.Formed a set of analysis method about he testing string's deformation which is based on ABAQUS software.And it achieves a good effect on the application on a well.This method can truly reflect deformation regularities of the testing string and has certain practical value.It provides a more systematic technical guidance in the deep exploration field testing.


Cross sectional study was conducted in Addisamba and Amarit district of West Gojjam administrative zone from November 2011 to May 2012 to determine the current prevalence rate of bovine trypanosomosis. In the parasitological survey, blood samples of 392 cattle were examined using a buffy coat technique. The PCV value of each animal was also measured using hematocrit reader. The overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was found to be 1.02% and it consists of 0.9 and 1.2 in Addisamba and Amarit, district peasant associations, respectively. The positive cases were due to Trypanosoma vivax. The mean PCV value (%) of parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals during the study period were 25±2.16 SD and 26±4.19 SD with a no significance difference (p >0.05). The study also demonstrated no variations in prevalence among different age groups and between both sexes which were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Infection rate in poor body condition animals were not higher than good body condition animals and statistically were insignificant (p > 0.05). The present prevalent study generated valuable information on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis in the study area. Although the present study revealed low prevalence, implementing control of trypanosomosis with an integrated approaches have paramount importance in the study sites.


The population dynamics of erbium 3-/spl mu/m crystal and fiber lasers are compared experimentally and theoretically. Laser slope efficiencies of 40% in Er:LiYF/sub 4/ and 23% in a fluorozirconate fiber are experimentally demonstrated under Ti:sapphire pumping. These are both to our knowledge the highest values reported so far for the different host geometries. On the basis of the excitation and loss mechanisms, the best pump wavelengths are determined to be 970 mm in LiYF4 and 791 nm in a fluorozirconate fiber. The theoretical limit of the slope efficiency with respect to absorbed pump power is redefined as depending on the major population mechanisms of the system. Calculated values are 56% in Er:LiYF4 and 27% in a fluorozirconate fiber.