It has been found that maximum specific force (F(max); force per cross-sectional area) of rat diaphragm muscle doubles from birth to 84 days (adult). We hypothesize that this developmental change in F(max) reflects an increase in myosin heavy chain (MHC) content per half-sarcomere (an estimate of the number of cross bridges in parallel) and/or a greater force per cross bridge in fibers expressing fast MHC isoforms compared with slow and neonatal MHC isoforms (MHC(slow) and MHC(neo), respectively). Single Triton 100-X-permeabilized fibers were activated at a pCa of 4.0. MHC isoform expression was determined by SDS-PAGE. MHC content per half-sarcomere was determined by densitometric analysis and comparison to a standard curve of known MHC concentrations. MHC content per half-sarcomere progressively increased during early postnatal development. When normalized for MHC content per half-sarcomere, fibers expressing MHC(slow) and coexpressing MHC(neo) produced less force than fibers expressing fast MHC isoforms. We conclude that lower force per cross bridge in fibers expressing MHC(slow) and MHC(neo) contributes to the lower F(max) seen in early postnatal development.


This study investigated predictor variables of the Counselor Rating Form dimensions of expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness using the predicted variable of therapy outcome, measured by Goal Attainment Scaling and postcounseling scores on the Counselor Rating Form. One hundred-fifteen mental health center outpatients agreed to participate. Forty subjects (25 females and 15 males) met all criteria and were labeled "completors." An additional 30 subjects, labeled "dropouts," enrolled but did not meet criteria. These subjects' data were considered in a separate analysis for prediction of treatment continuation. All subjects rated their own need for therapy before their initial interview. After the initial and final interviews, both the subject and the counselor completed the Counselor Rating Form, rating their perceptions of the counselor1s behavior during that session. The Goal Attainment Scaling was used to generate both pre- and postcounseling outcome scores on each subject's individual, personalized goals.


In this study, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) hydrogel beads were prepared by crosslinking with Ca2+. The pH-sensitive characteristics of the beads were investigated by simulating gastrointestinal pH conditions. As a potential protein drug delivery system, the beads were loaded with a model protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA). To improve the entrapment efficiency of BSA, the beads were further coated with a chitosan/CMC polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) membrane by extruding a CMC/BSA solution into a CaCl2/chitosan gelation medium. Finally, the release studies of BSA-loaded beads were conducted. We found that, the maximum swelling ratios of the beads at pH 7.4 (17–21) were much higher than those at pH 1.2 (2–2.5). Higher entrapment efficiency (73.2%) was achieved in the chitosan-coated calcium-CMC beads, compared with that (44.4%) in the bare calcium-CMC beads. The PEC membrane limited the BSA release, while the final disintegration of beads at pH 7.4 still leaded to a full BSA release. Therefore, the chitosan-coated calcium-CMC hydrogel beads with higher entrapment efficiency and proper protein release properties were a promising protein drug carrier for the site-specific release in the intestine. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3164–3168, 2007


Agile methodologies have gained wide acceptance for developing high-quality products with a quick and flexible approach. However, until now, the quality of the agile process has not been validated quantitatively. Quality being important for the software system, there is a need for measurement. Estimating different quality factors will lead to a quality product. Also, agile software development does not provide any precise models to evaluate maintainability. Therefore, there is a need for an algorithmic approach that can serve as the basis for estimation of maintainability. The article proposes an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model for estimating agile maintainability. Maintainability is one of the prominent quality factors in the case of agile development. The proposed model has been verified and found to be effective for assessing the maintainability of agile software.


Abstract : A major trout kill occurred at Buford Trout Hatchery in northern Georgia during its first year of operation in autumn 1976. Several studies linked toxicity to anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion of Lake Sidney Lanier (the reservoir formed by Buford Dam, 1 1/2 miles up the Chattahoochee River from the hatchery). No consensus as to the toxic agent(s) was reached as a result of the initial studies. Waters from different depths in the reservoir were tested for toxicity to rainbow trout swim-up fry, and each water was extensively analyzed chemically. Bottom water was most toxic and had the highest levels of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). No other metals were detectable, no humics or pesticides could be measured, and no hydrogen sulfide was found. The study concluded that Mn and Fe explained all toxicity observed at the hatchery and demonstrated in the river, with no evidence for involvement of any other metal nor of any organic compound. Recommendations were made with respect to possible solutions to seasonal toxicity problems at Buford Trout Hatchery and to further understanding of the impacts of Mn and Fe toxicity on biota of the Chattahoochee River below Lake Sidney Lanier.


. Software development in the network has made it has been more widely used in the meteorological satellite ground application system; SDN architecture is also facing more security issues. How to achieve SDN network security has become an urgent need to solve a problem. This paper proposed a SDN security method based on the correlation coefficient method. Firstly, SDN security is vectorized, and then the correlation between the security vector and the normal security vector is compared, and the security of the network is determined according to the correlation. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper can detect the non - security attack behavior accurately and has a high degree of discrimination.


The absorption isotherms of hydrogen in the cubic intermetallic phase Ti3Sb were measured in the range 400 ≤ 77°C ≤ 800; 0.001 ≤ pH2/bar ≤ 0.925. The relative partial molar enthalpy of hydrogen solution at infinite dilution was found to be ΔH0H/J(K mol)−1 = −55.0 ± 1.5. The relative partial molar excess entropy of the solution at infinite dilution has been calculated to be ΔSE,0H/J(K mol)−1 = −63 ± 1, assuming the number of available interstitial sites per metal atom to be 0.75. The results are compared with data on other similar titanium alloys.


Abstract 703 Patient-specific, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) enable us to study disease mechanisms and drug screening. To clarify the phenotypic alterations caused by the loss of c-MPL, the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor, we established iPSCs derived from skin fibroblasts of a patient who received curative bone marrow transplantation for congenital amegakarycytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) caused by the loss of the TPO receptor gene, MPL . The resultant CAMT-iPSCs exhibited mutations corresponding to the original donor skin. Then using an in vitro culture system yielding hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), we evaluated the role of MPL on the early and late phases of human hematopoiesis. Although CAMT-iPSCs generated CD34+ HPCs, per se , their colony formation capability was impaired, as compared to control CD34+ HPCs. Intriguingly, both Glycophorin A (GPA)+ erythrocyte development and CD41+ megakaryocyte yields from CAMT-iPSCs were also impaired, suggesting that MPL is indispensable for MEP (megakaryocyte erythrocyte progenitors) development. Prospective analysis along with the hematopoietic hierarchy revealed that, in CAMT-iPSCs but not control iPSCs expressing MPL , mRNA expression and phosphorylation of putative signaling molecules downstream of MPL are severely impaired, as is the transition from CD34+CD43+CD41-GPA- MPP (multipotent progenitors) to CD41+GPA+ MEP. Additional analysis also indicated that c-MPL is required for maintenance of a consistent supply of megakaryocytes and erythrocytes from MEPs. Conversely, complimentary transduction of MPL into CAMT-iPSCs using a retroviral vector restored the defective erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis; however, excessive MPL signaling appears to promote aberrant megakaryopoiesis with CD42b (GPIba)-null platelet generation and impaired erythrocyte production. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the usefulness of CAMT-iPSCs for validation of functionality in the human hematopoiesis system. For example, it appears that MPL is not indispensable for the emergence of HPCs, but is indispensible for their maintenance, and for subsequent MEP development. Our results also strongly indicate that an appropriate expression level of an administered gene is necessary to achieve curative gene correction / therapy using patient-derived iPSCs. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Report issued by the Bureau of Mines discussing the mining practices at Gas Hills, Wyoming. As stated in the abstract, "this report, based on information made available by four uranium-producing companies, describes the geology, exploration, open-pit development and mining, and shaft sinking in the Gas Hills uranium district of Wyoming" (p. 1). This report includes tables, maps, illustrations, and photographs.


Cardiovascular surgery had great advancement in the twentieth century. In 1929, Werner Forssman performed the first human cardiac catheterization on himself. Then cardiac catheterization gradually became a gold standard in the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases as well as valvular heart diseases. In 1953, Gibbon set a milestone for cardiac surgery by invention of cardiopulmonary bypass. Mason Sones performed the first diagnostic coronary angiogram at Cleveland Clinic in 1958. Rene Favaloro did the first coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 1967. From then on, coronary artery diseases (CAD) have had excellent resolution. 1977 saw Andreas Gruentzig change the landscape by doing the first coronary angioplasty on an awake human. Julio Palmaz and Richard Schatz pushed the advance further by invention of balloon expandable stents to address the issues of recoil and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. Cardiologists have modernized myocardial revascularization by much investment and great innovation. Percutaneous coronary intervention started to play a major role in the myocardial revascularization in the last two decades. The advent of new technologies provides many less invasive methods of myocardial revascularization, such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), stents, brachytherapy, intravascular ultrasound, rotablator, and drug-eluting stents.


Jay Chaudhuri, Project Manager, Medgaz, and lan Nash, Project Manager, Intec Engineering (UK), provide an overview of the Medgaz pipeline project that will transport 16bn cm/y of gas from Algeria to Spain from 2008, providing security of supply for the Iberian Peninsula.


Abstract
When Canada's health ministers met in Victoria recently, the number of issues debated were yet another sign of the many problems facing Canada's health care system. There were dis-agreements about the use of facility fees by private clinics, and concern about the huge impact federal cuts to transfer payments are going to have on provincial governments. British Columbia, for instance, faces 1996 federal cuts totalling $375 million — 5.8% of the province's health care budget. As well, ministers debated the merits of a report discussing alternatives to the fee-for-service method of paying physicians. Dr. Jack Armstrong, the president, said the CMA does not favour one particular remuneration system over another, but feels strongly that doctors should have the right to choose the system they want.


Purpose. The aim of the article is to define land plots as an object of accounting, outline (substantiation, etc.) directions of rational use of agricultural land and formation of financial and economic incentives for land users.

Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods were used to achieve the goal: the dialectical method of scientific knowledge – for considering land plots as objects of accounting, researching measures for the rational use of land; analysis – to assess incentives for encouraging land users to conduct effective activities; graphic – for visual display of the obtained results; abstract and logical method – for forming research conclusions and proposals.

Findings. Peculiarities of land plots as objects of accounting are studied. The categories of land are separated by economic purpose. The method of accounting of land plots at enterprises is described. The normative legal acts that regulate operations on the accounting of land plots are considered. Directions for improving the accounting of land plots and rational land use are proposed. The main ways of financial and economic encouragement of land users to conduct efficient farming have been determined.

Originality. It is proposed to add additional indicators to the form of statistical reporting No. 50-сг "Main economic indicators of the work of agricultural enterprises". It was determined that the main areas of rational land use should be: development and implementation of national and regional soil protection programs and soil fertility improvement; improvement of the principles of implementation of ecological and landscape land management; improvement of the legislative framework regarding the protection of agricultural lands; efficient use of land by implementing crop rotation and scientifically based land management.

Financial and economic incentives for land users are offered, namely: payments for anti-erosion works per 1 ha of agricultural land; reimbursement of costs incurred in the process of carrying out reclamation works; exemption from payment of land tax or rent of land that is under improvement; compensation for lost income from agricultural land due to low productivity; periodic payments for increasing fertility organically; partial exemption from taxes of agricultural producers who are effectively engaged in solving environmental problems; provision of preferential loans to land users for the purchase of special equipment: anti-erosion, land reclamation and other restoration equipment.

Practical value. It has been proven that compliance with the above measures of rational use of agricultural land will lead to efficient land use. The results of the research can be used by agricultural enterprises during their economic activities.
Key words: accounting of land plots, agricultural land, rational use of land, land ownership, land use, agricultural enterprises.


This study aims to analyze the financial statements at PT. Bank KB Bukopin Tbk. Pare – Pare by using ratio analysis of liquidity, profitability and solvency the the results are entered into the Altman Z-Score Method to determine the company's financial condition. The data source used is premier data obtained from PT. Bank KB Bukopin Tbk. Pare – Pare in 2018 – 2020. The Results of this study indicate that the financial condition of PT. Bank KB Bukopin Tbk. Pare – Pare in 2018 – 2020 which is viewed from the ratio of liquidity, profitability and solvency then entered into the Altman Z-Score method, the position is not good / bankrupt.
Keywords : Altman Z-Score, Liquidity, Profitability, Solvency


The specific targets of a vocational education group are to innovate the symbiotic development mechanism and system,to share the resources,to reform and innovate the training models,to make changes in policy and promote the cooperative environment,and to form distinctive characteristics of education industry.The key contents of constructing a vocational education group include mechanism and system construction,resources sharing,personnel training model innovation.Meanwhile,the vocational education group should improve the management system,increase investment,establish incentive mechanism and improve monitoring system.


This chapter covers the following areas:
● issues in person and resource management attached to project supervision;
● debates around qualitative and quantitative research within the framework
of student projects;
● staff development in supervision;
● the place of the research project in the undergraduate curriculum and
its importance in the student's career;
● issues around assessment of undergraduate research work.


Improved delayed detached Eddy simulation (IDDES) modeling based on a developed skeletal combustion mechanism of kerosene/air is conducted for a full-scale actively cooled scramjet combustor under ...


The quark-connected part of the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the muon's anomalous magnetic moment is computed using lattice QCD with chiral fermions. Here we report several significant algorithmic improvements and demonstrate their effectiveness through specific calculations which show a reduction in statistical errors by more than an order of magnitude. The most realistic of these calculations is performed with a near-physical 171 MeV pion mass on a (4.6 fm)3 spatial volume using the 323×64 Iwasaki+DSDR gauge ensemble of the RBC/UKQCD Collaboration.


A regression analysis, which is based on time changes in the ratio of the number of marked fish in the daily catch to the total daily catch, was used to estimate initial population size. This method eliminates overestimation caused by recruitment.


Hypotheses about decision processes are often formulated qualitatively and remain silent about the interplay of decision, memorial, and other cognitive processes. At the same time, existing decision models are specified at varying levels of detail, making it difficult to compare them. We provide a methodological primer on how detailed cognitive architectures such as ACT-R allow remedying these problems. To make our point, we address a controversy, namely, whether noncompensatory or compensatory processes better describe how people make decisions from the accessibility of memories. We specify 39 models of accessibility-based decision processes in ACT-R, including the noncompensatory recognition heuristic and various other popular noncompensatory and compensatory decision models. Additionally, to illustrate how such models can be tested, we conduct a model comparison, fitting the models to one experiment and letting them generalize to another. Behavioral data are best accounted for by race models. These race models embody the noncompensatory recognition heuristic and compensatory models as a race between competing processes, dissolving the dichotomy between existing decision models.


ABSTRACT This research aim to developing PV cell using indoors lights from Neon lamp. This is conducted to reuse the unuseful lights with lower intensity. The PV cell was developed by modification of copper oxide panel and one of reactor model was choosen as well as this experiment. We concluded IV diagram PV cell, Ioc = 18 μ A, Voc = 22 m V, Imax =39 μ A, Vmax = 37 μ mV and  = 0.00424%. Intensity of Neon Lamp in the door lights is 184.75 ft- candle and 1989.5 flux. Keywords : Photovoltaic Cell, Neon, Characteristic I-V


THE JOURNAL is glad to print this story, which from the standpoint of music educators is of more than passing news interest. All credit to the vision and enterprise of the North Carolinians who have made this state symphony venture possible. Perhaps other states which are maintaining or promoting similar projects would like to report to the nation through these columns.


The bone matrix has two major phases at the nanoscale level containing of organic (collagen) and inorganic (Hydroxyapatite (HAp)). Incorporation of Hydroxyapatite with organic polymer in favor of composites would be used in biomaterial engineering. In this research, nano-HAp and HAp/CTS nanocomposite were prepared via in situ Hybridization route and then studied for bone regeneration in 3 groups consist of pure HAp, HAp/CTS nanocomposite and control group in the rat calvaria after 7, 30 and 60 days. Crystal nanostructure and phase present of products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR spectrum, respectively. Morphology of the samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results confirmed homogeneity interaction between HAp and CTS matrix. It can be seen by increasing chitosan, the expected compatibility among HAp and matrix improving. XRD results indicated that the approximate crystallite sizes of products is found to be about 16nm for pure HAp and 12nm for nanocomposite. in vivo investigation in rat calvaria showed that new bone regeneration area is 57.26% for HAp, 50.84% for HAp/CTS nanocomposite, and 5.64% for the control group after 60 days. Result obtained from in vivo tests confirmed feasibility of the synthesized products as a temporary of bone substitute.


This study aims to analyze the effect of the Smart Campus Online Lecture Model on Education Equity in the Super Smart Society 5.0 Era in Aceh Province. The sample in the study was 150 (one hundred and fifty) students and lecturers as respondents. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling technique. The data obtained from the distribution of questionnaires to the respondents were processed by the SPSS program. Methods of data analysis using quantitative analysis methods. The results of the study partially show that the online lecture model has a significant effect on Education Equity with a significant value = 0.005, the Smart Campus variable has a significant effect on Education Equity with a significant value = 0.003. And the results of this study indicate that the smart campus online lecture model has an effect on educational equity by 72.9 percent. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the online lecture variable has a very good role for equal distribution of education because it can reach various areas that have not been served or have not had the opportunity to be able to experience higher quality education in 3 T areas and the smart campus model variable is appropriate. many campuses must apply it more optimally in implementing the smart campus model so that later it can provide maximum service to all users of educational services.


Abstract The kinetic constant of diethyl phthalate (DEP) oxidized by ultrasound was measured as a function of ultrasound power density,Cl - concentration and solution temperature. The ultrasonic oxidation kinetic of DEP could be described by the pseudo-first-orderreaction d[DEP]/dt = -kC DEP , where k (min -1 ) was identified using Box-Behnken Design coupled with Response SurfaceMethodology. The final equation for describing the kinetic constant k is as follows: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests showedthat the second-order polynomial regression model could properly interpret the experimental data with a high determinationcoefficient (R 2 , 0.998). The P-value of the model was 0.0001 which is less than 0.05, implying that the model is significant.Besides, the response surface showed that ultrasound power density gave much more effect than another two factors (temperatureand Cl - ion concentration), which provides a possible evidence for the future design. Key words : Ultrasound, Diethyl phthalate, Kinetic, Box-Behnken design, Response Surface Methodology······························································································································· ···································································································


layer around an isolated millimetric collapsing bubble [16]. This is a brand-new and slighdy counter-intuitive result. While absorbing the energy released during collapse, as an air-bag would do, adjoining bubble store this energy into the thin liquid film of emerging bubble-caps, leading finally to stresses higher than those observed in the boundary layer around single millimetric collapsing bubbles. Further investigation should be conducted now, and especially numerically, in order to better understand the relative influence of each pertinent parameters (bubble size, liquid density and viscosity, effect of surfactant... ) on bubble deformation. Contrary to what could have been thought at first glance, effervescence of champagne turned out to be a fantastic tool to investigate a first approach of the physical chemistry of rising and collapsingbubble dYnamics.As we do, we hope that the reader will now look at the effervescence in this traditionally festive wine, not only as a nice visually appealing phenomenon, but also as a very instructive one in terms of bubble dynamics study. It would have been regrettable not to have a closer look at such a daily phenomenon, before considering a more academic approach under certainlybetter controlled, but also less seducing conditions.


Although speakers in a dialogue are known to design utterances cooperatively with respect to meaning, less is known about audience design with respect to syntax. We report two picture verification experiments that investigated the production of Given-New ordering when speakers' and addressees' knowledge differed. In both experiments, speakers produced word orders that reflected their own but not their addressees' knowledge states. We suggest that speakers do not engage in audience design for aspects of their utterances which they do not consider to be necessary for adequate


The quantitative essence of mathematical object can't be expressed without resorting to the ontological category «relation». In the article it is shown that this category specifies and concretizes the general content of the category «quantity». Besides, it underlies the categorial analysis of any fundamental mathematical object's being understood as the relation or an element of system of some relations.


Background: The AHA's 2020 Strategic Impact Goals are to improve cardiovascular (CV) health and reduce related deaths by 20% by 2020. Our objective is to examine the association between perceived b...


Increases in the social sector of open data and online mapping technologies are starting new chances for interactive mapping in many research applications. Mobile crowd sensing is an application that gathers data from a network of conscientious volunteers and implements it for a public benefit which is very helpful for collecting related information during the COVID-19 situation. The paper aims to demonstrate the concept of #Safe Mapping Platform which followed a framework of opensource technology and implementation aspects. The #Safe Mapping Platform was established for self-tracking and self-risk managing by integrating GIS opensource technologies, location-based services, and LINE application. The developed platform can be adapted to the public for self-tracking and self-risk managing in any health issues in the future.


This paper presented a design and implementation of underwater acoustic power amplifer.This circuit converted the rectangle signal generated by front-end circuit into the sine signal,then filtered and power amplification,it meets the requirements of the transducer.Included AT89C52,6th order Butterworth filter MF6,hi-power amplififier LM12.Communication with PC through the RS232 port.The signal gain is adjustable and could be remote controlled.It has a good inhibitory effect on the interference signal.After debugged,this circuit works stable,the output waveform has no distortion,it meets the design requirement in outprt power,amplifier gain and ripple factor.


Information Communication Technology revolution has opened many ways of providing education. Around the world this rapid development also significantly influenced the distance mode of education. In Asian region, Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU), Pakistan is the Mega University to facilitate the masses in their educational development from primary to Ph.D levels of education. While focusing the importance of digital communication persistent efforts are being made by faculty and administration of AIOU to change its traditional distance teaching into e-learning. In this regards Secondary Teacher Education Department of AIOU intends to launch Online M.Phil Teacher Education Program. But before launching this program, existing need analysis study was done. Mainly this study aimed to analyze the requirements of students for online M.Phil program accordingly the capacity building of relevant faculty for online teaching. The objectives of this study were: to get opinion of students about offering of M.Phil online program; to analyze the need of faculty members for their capacity building about launching of M.Phil online program; to examine the institutional feasibility for launching the online program; to arrange micro online training for faculty. This was descriptive study and through survey technique data was collected by students, faculty members and administration of AIOU. For this purpose Entry Requirement Checklist and Questionnaire were used. Data was collected by 700 students appeared in M.Phil admission test for traditional mode, 26 faculty members, Controller Exams,  Director Regional Services, Director Computer Center, Director Computer Center, Director Admission and Lead Trainer of online mode from Computer Science Department. Mean Score was used for analyzing the data. Overall data reveals that majority of the students were in favour of launching M.Phil online. Faculty members and administration were also determined to launch online program but firstly they need training for their capacity building about online mode. On the basis of findings of study one month online training for faculty was proposed to the authorities of AIOU. Finally this training was given to the faculty members which enabled them to launch M.Phil online program successfully.


How do multinational firms trapped in host markets suffering from political violence find security? Terrorism and conflict repel foreign investment and recent research has sought to understand heterogeneity across firms in their response to violence. When multinational firms are unable to move their investments in the face of violence, we argue that their home governments use diplomatic capacity and security and economic resources to secure protection from host governments. Multinational corporations from home markets with significant leverage over host markets are therefore less likely to curtail their operations or investments in the wake of violence. Examining dyadic data on foreign direct investment (FDI), we show that home market diplomatic missions, aid, and alliances substantially abate the negative effects of violence on FDI. Consistent with our argument, this effect is observed after violence begins and is not an artifact of host markets garnering security aid from great powers other than the home market. A strong diplomatic presence matched to both hard and soft power resources positively contributes to the defense of core foreign policy interests.


Robust cross-subject emotion recognition based on multichannel EEG has always been a hard work. In this work, we hypothesize there exists default brain variables across subjects in emotional processes. Hence, the states of the latent variables that related to emotional processing must contribute to building robust recognition models. We propose to utilize variational autoencoder (VAE) to determine the latent factors from the multichannel EEG. Through sequence modeling method, we examine the emotion recognition performance based on the learnt latent factors. The performance of the proposed methodology is verified on two public datasets (DEAP and SEED), and compared with traditional matrix factorization based (ICA) and autoencoder based (AE) approaches. Experimental results demonstrate that neural network is suitable for unsupervised EEG modeling and our proposed emotion recognition framework achieves the state-of-the-art performance. As far as we know, it is the first work that introduces VAE into multichannel EEG decoding for emotion recognition.


Augustine of Hippo's depictions of female martyrs have eluded scholarly attention despite recent interest in his attitudes towards women and his involvement with the cult of the martyrs. The present thesis addresses this oversight by resituating Augustine's representations of female martyrs within the corpus of his works. It shows how Augustine's representations of female martyrs are not simple auxiliary illustrations or marginal notes tangential to his main concerns, but rather they are complex images that reveal a depth of thought in their construction and employment, and which, therefore, deserve our attention in their own right. Perceiving the female martyrs within the wider context of his life, his moral and theological writings, and his pastoral ministry, this study explores how Augustine used the female martyrs to contemplate, articulate, and communicate theological beliefs, ecclesiological concerns, eschatological hopes, and moral teachings.


Fourty-nine patients were examined with epileptic seizures and values of serum and erythrocyte magnesium (sMg, RBC Mg) and serum zinc (sZn) were determined. Chronic deficiency in RBC Mg and sZn were confirmed. The percentage of patients with decreased RBC Mg increased with the time of antiepileptic treatment; significant lowering occurs after 5 years of treatment for RBC Mg and within 5 years for sZn. Various antiepileptics and their combinations have different effects on the degree of the lowering. The therapy of magnesium lactate produces significantly higher RBC Mg and sZn. The clinical, electroencephalographical and biochemical findings are improved.


Surveys show relatively little support for use restrictions to protect wilderness experiences. However, such conclusions based on aggregate data could hide important differences among visitors. Visitors with more wilderness-dependent trip motives were hypothesized to be more supportive of use restrictions. Using survey data from visitors to 13 wildernesses, cluster analysis of motivations and wilderness involvement generated three clusters that differed in sensitivity to social conditions and support for use restrictions. The group with motives most aligned with the Wilderness Act was slightly more adversely affected by social conditions and more supportive of regulations. However, none of the groups supported use restrictions to protect opportunities for solitude.


ABSTRACT. Twenty young men with a mean age 24.9 years, who had moderate to severe asthma during childhood, underwent a follow‐up examination of their clinical status and pulmonary function. Comparison was made with data obtained at a mean age of 10.9 years. Eight of twenty showed a clinical improvement and 12 no change in their asthma. During childhood 12 of 20 boys had been on longterm ACTH or corticosteroid treatment. In the present study no one was given systemic steroid treatment. The static lung volumes (VC, TLC, FRC RV) were within normal limits for children and adults. In spite of clinical improvement, the expiratory flow rates (FEV1, FEV%) were still significantly reduced (p<0.005). Thus, the clinical improvement was not accompanied by a corresponding improvement in expiratory flow rates.


Objective To study the relationship between the stenosis severity of mural coronary artery in diastole or systole and the extent of intramural coronary artery atherosclerosis,due to 64-slice computed tomographic coronary angiography(64SCTCA).Methods 1668 cases with 64SCTCA were evaluated retrospectively.Length,depth of myocardial bridge(MB),the atherosclerosis degree and compression in diastole or systole of mural coronary artery were studied in 50 cases with satisfactory muti-phase images.Results 463 cases of 1668 patients with MB were detected(27.7%,463/1668).347(75%,347/463)cases were on left anterior descending artery.The length(mean 12.3mm),depth(mean 2.9mm),of 50 cases were measured.In cases the length of MB10mm,compression of deep mural coronary artery was consistent in middle diastole and middle systole,while superficial mural coronary artery experienced a persistent compression from middle systole to middle diastole.The relationship between depth of MB,severity of mural coronary artery stenosis and compression of mural coronary artery was also observed to a certain extent.Conclusion Length and depth of MB are correlated with the compression of mural coronary artery and atherosclerotic plaque of adjacent coronary artery.Compression in diastole has more clinical significance in both deep and superficial mural coronary artery.


A B S T R A C T In the article in order to accelerate the transition of the tax system to the digital economy, the set of information systems of tax authorities is being transferred to a fully unified platform. As a result, data entry, collection, and analysis systems will be optimized, taxpayers' reporting process will be simplified by 5-7 times, human factor intervention will be reduced by 60%, opportunities will be created to create a completely new system of tax administration and control, as well as prevent corruption factors A R T I C L E I N F O Article history: Received 04 Jan 2022 Received in revised form 03 Feb 2023 Accepted 16 Mar 2023


The present invention is by impedance spectroscopy, to a method for a more accurate characterization of the electrical system. The method, to scan the primary set (A) of the frequency, applying an input signal comprising a sequence of sinusoidal perturbation to the electrical system, in response to the input signal for each perturbation is the applied and it measures the output signal of the electric system, is to estimate the characteristic impedance amount electrical system for each perturbation is the applied, obtained from the principal set (the a), a plurality of secondary sets ( the a .TECHNICAL


The main aim of this research is based on the figure of the Specialized Educator in general terms. The width of this subject and the scarce literature forces us to deal with it from a global and extensive perspective, carrying out an estimate study of how this professional figure gets built up, shaped and settled in Catalonia (Spain) within the period 1960-1990


49 50 Visual neural processing is distributed among a multitude of sensory and sensory-motor 51 brain areas exhibiting varying degrees of functional specializations and spatial 52 representational anisotropies. Such diversity raises the question of how perceptual 53 performance is determined, at any one moment in time, during natural active visual 54 behavior. Here, exploiting a known dichotomy between the primary visual cortex and 55 superior colliculus in representing either the upper or lower visual field, we asked whether 56 peri-saccadic visual sensitivity is dominated by one or the other spatial anisotropy. Humans 57 detected peri-saccadic upper visual field stimuli significantly better than lower visual field 58 stimuli, contrary to known perceptual superiority in the lower visual field during steady-59 state gaze fixation. Consistent with this, peri-saccadic superior colliculus visual responses 60 were also significantly stronger in the upper visual field than in the lower visual field. Thus, 61 peri-saccadic visual sensitivity reflects oculomotor, rather than visual, map spatial 62 anisotropies. 63


Objective: To study the effect of postoperative early enteral nutrition support with dietary fibers on the immune function and nutritional status of the patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Methods: 148 patients were randomly divided into enteral (EN, n=60), parenteral (PN, n=60) and control (n=28) groups. The EN group was treated with EN including dietary fibers, and the PN group received normal TPN, and the control group received transfusion. The clinical manifestation and immune parameters were evaluated before and after the treatment. The complications and recovery of gastrointestinal functions were carefully observed and recorded simultaneously. Results: The restoring time of intestinal movement was significantly shortened in EN group as compared with PN or control groups (P0.01). There was no evidence of damage of EN to the renal and liver function. The levels of BW, PA, Alb, IgG, IgM and IgA in EN or PN groups were significantly higher than in control group ((P)(0.05)), but there was no statistical difference between EN and PN groups. The percentage of CD3~+, CD4~+, (CD4~+/CD8~+ )in EN or PN group was significantly higher than that in control group (P0.01). Moreover, the levels of CD4~+ and CD4~+/CD8~+ in EN group was higher than that in PN group (P0.05). Conclusion: Early EN with dietary fibers can improve nutritional and immune statuses of postoperative patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma and is better than PN in cellular immunity and recovery of intestinal movement.


The Chinese-writing poets in the first half of Koryǒ dynasty have not personal collected works,a small amount of works of the poets mainly depends on Dongmunseon of Seo Keo Jeong Bu Xian Ji of Choi Ja to be handed on,and the poets who have poems to be handed on can be counted on one's fingers. The Chinese-writing poets in the first half of Koryǒ dynasty possess mental makeup in Glorious age of Tang Dynasty of practice of being both official and hermit and optimism which has a great influence on subject matter and ideological implication. This practice of being both official and hermit has spiritual connotation of idleness and optimism,and idleness and optimism don't contradict. And the feelings of the Chinese-writing poets in the first half of Koryǒ dynasty in the heyday of peace and the spiritual connotation of Glorious age of Tang Dynasty in their Chinese poetry are performed by idleness and optimism mentioned above.


We report the experimental observation of the disruption of the superfluid atomic current flowing through an array of weakly linked Bose–Einstein condensates. The condensates are trapped in an optical lattice superimposed on a harmonic magnetic potential. The dynamical response of the system to a change of the magnetic potential minimum along the optical lattice axis goes from a coherent oscillation (superfluid regime) to a localization of the condensates in the harmonic trap ('classical' insulator regime). The localization occurs when the initial displacement is larger than a critical value or, equivalently, when the velocity of the wavepacket's centre of mass is larger than a critical velocity dependent on the rate of tunnelling between adjacent sites.


Metadata is a crucial feature to manage and find data in iRODS, especially if used in a systematic way. However, human manipulation of metadata is prone to errors, from typos to inconsistency in case, spelling and format. In order to tackle this issue, we have developed a "metadata schema" management tool in which an iRODS user can design a form meant for systematic application of a specific metadata schema. This form consists of a collection of fields of different types: from different scalar input fields through multiple-choice fields to composite fields. When a user adds metadata using this schema, they get a form that includes validation, which can relate to the format or the possible values. The iRODS attribute name of the metadata inserted via a schema follows a pattern with namespacing, including the identifier of the schema as a prefix. In addition, namespacing can be used to generate nested fields and thus render hierarchical metadata structures. The metadata schema itself is stored in JSON format, which can also be used to import and export its contents. Moreover, a life cycle was designed so that only stable schemas can be used for metadata annotation but at the same time the schema can evolve into new versions. Concretely, it is possible to have multiple versions of a schema, among which: a draft that can be edited, a "published" version to be used in annotation, and all "archived" versions, which cannot be used anymore. Via this tool, we expect users to be able to design metadata schemas of varying complexity for their whole team to apply systematically. This will increase the uniformity and thus usability of metadata and can be used to enforce the inclusion of metadata to certain collections or data objects.


In this letter I offer a few comments on the mechanical development of the transformer by George Westinghouse, which was referred to in the article "Early History of the A-C System in America," by C. C. Chesney and the writer, published in the March 1936 issue of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (pages 228–35), but which was not elaborated. I offer a few comments also on the Stanley alternator.


This paper attempted to investigate the effects of integrating Peace Education into Nigeria educational system. Four research questions were designed for the study. The researcher designed an instrument tagged: Questionnaire on effect of Integrating Peace Education (QEIPE). The entire population of two hundred respondents spread across Secondary Schools and lecturers in higher institutions of learning in Ondo State were used as the sample for the study. A 20-item questionnaire structured on a 4-point scale was used for the collection of data. Mean and Standard deviation was used to answer the four research question generated from the study. The findings identified the inclusion of Peace Education in Nigerian School curriculum in order to reduce crime, violence and other social vices in Nigeria. The result of the study further revealed that there is no significant differences between Peace Education and Social Studies. The findings equally identified with the relevance effects of integrating Peace Education in the school curriculum on teachers and students. Based on these findings among others, it was recommended that training and retaining of teachers should be intensified to enable teachers acquire the skills and knowledge to use appropriate techniques and methods to effectively teach Peace Education. Also, while integrating Peace Education concepts, thematic approach in restricting the Social Studies curriculum in social studies and other related subjects should be reviewed in such a way that concepts that are relevant to Peace Education will be reflected and identified. Keywords: effects of integrating, peace education, education system.


Summary Our knowledge regarding the practice of land lease in Egypt of the III–II millennia BC still remains very patchy. To date, the oldest evidence of its existence are considered to be the Heqanakht letters from the Middle Kingdom. The article argues, however, that oblique references to it occurred as early as in the First Intermediate Period, and simply have not yet been recognized as such. In the autobiographical inscription of the overseer of butchers Merer, the collocation is being shown to be about land lease; Merer's risk-management strategy against too low inundations was akin to that of Heqanakht. The situation reported in the inscription of the overseer of priests Rehui (Manchester 5052) is reminiscent of that described in the demotic literary story of Djedher (p British Museum EA 69532, ll. 6−9).


contrasting with Gynemesh patients. In the present study, the pad-free rate for Prolene Mesh patients was 50% (2/4 patients), comparable to InVance patients with reported padfree rates of 36–65% in patients with mild to severe stress urinary incontinence. Using Prolene Mesh for this operation thus appears useful. A key limitation of the present study was the use of only pad numbers to evaluate urinary incontinence. In the future, we intend to use both objective and subjective evaluations, such as the pad test and quality-of-life score. As we have only carried out this operation for eight patients to date, further accumulation of cases is important. In addition, further long-term observation is necessary, because the follow-up periods in the present study were short, extending to just 6 months postoperatively.


Recently, the use of digital styluses is challenged by air painting applications such as Painter Freestyle [Sutton 2013], Ethereal for Photoshop (http://drivenpixels.com/ethereal), and Fantasia Painter (https://apps.leapmotion.com/apps/fantasia-painter/windows). By utilizing the hand tracking capability of Leap Motion controller, these applications show that painting in the air using hands movement is much more flexible in artistic improvisation due to high degrees of freedom (DoFs) to control virtual brushes. Nevertheless, air painting is still premature to eliminate styluses because it lacks of some important features of modern digitizers, including 1) the tight overlap of operating and displaying planes to achieve WYSIWYG, 2) the natural analogy of physical painting brush to lower the learning curve, and 3) the possibility of complex haptic feedbacks from the canvas for intuitive fine control of brush strokes. Moreover, without holding a stylus and touching the canvas, its difficult to control brush movement accurately and steadily, which may lead to unexpected stroke jittering.


Objective To investigate the clinical safety and efficacy of mosapride combined with bifico in the treatment of functional constipation.Methods 120 cases of functional constipation in our hospital from February2011 to March 2013 were selected and divided into three group A,B and C with 40 cases in each group according to the random number table method.The group A was given the combination therapy of mosapride and bifico,the group B was treated with mosapride and the group C was given with bifico for 5weeks.The clinical effect and the occurrence rate of adverse reactions after stopping drug were analyzed.Results The effective rate in the group A was90.00%,which was higher than 60.00%in the group B and 47.50%in the group C(P0.05);the relapse rate in the group A was 7.50%,which was lower than 37.50% and 40.00%in the group B and C(P0.05);the occurrence rate of adverse reactions was 10.00%in the group A,7.50%in the B group and 7.50%in the group C,the difference had no statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusion Mosapride combined with bifico has a good clinical curative effect in the treatment of functional constipation,which is safe and reliable with low recurrence rate and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.


Contemporary studies of sea turtle diving behaviour are generally based upon sophisticated techniques such as the attachment of time depth recorders. However, if the risks of misinterpretation are to be minimized, it is essential that electronic data are analysed in the light of first-hand observations. To this aim, we set out to make observations of juvenile hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata, Linnaeus, 1766) foraging and resting in a shallow water coral reef habitat around the granitic Seychelles (4°'S, 55°'E). Data were collected from six study sites characterized by a shallow reef plateau (<5 m) and a flat sandy area at the base of the reef face (<10 m). Observation data were categorized into the following behaviours: (1) stationary foraging; (2) active foraging; (3) resting; and (4) assisted resting. Central to this investigation was the development of a technique for accurately estimating the size of sea turtles in situ based upon previously tested techniques for reef fishes. This revealed that through calibration, the curved carapace length (CCL) of marine turtles can be consistently estimated to within 10 cm of their actual size. Although rudimentary, this has advantages for assessing the residency or absence of specific life history stages from particular environments. Indeed, our data supported previous claims that following the reproductive season, adult hawksbills in the region may move away from the nesting beaches to alternative foraging grounds whilst immature turtles (following the pelagic juvenile stage) may opt to reside in areas close to their natal beaches. With regards to habitat utilization, juvenile hawksbills displayed an alternating pattern of short, shallow foraging dives followed by deeper, longer resting dives. These findings are consistent with previous electronic studies of free-range diving in this species and suggest that the maximization of resting duration may be an important factor driving this behaviour.


Expression of the global stress protein gene (gspA) is induced during the intracellular infection of macrophages and upon exposure of Legionella pneumophila to in vitro stress stimuli. Transcription of gspA is regulated by two promoters, one of which is regulated by the σ32 heat‐shock transcription factor. We utilized a gspA promoter fusion to a promoterless lacZ to probe the phagososmal 'microenvironment' for the kinetics of exposure of intracellular L. pneumophila to stress stimuli. Expression through the gspA promoter was constitutively induced by approx. 16‐fold throughout the intracellular infection, and occurred predominantly through the σ32‐regulated promoter. Expression of the gspA promoter was induced approx. 4.5‐fold, 5‐, 11‐ and 9‐fold upon exposure of L. pneumophila to heat shock, oxidative stress, acid shock, and osmotic shock, respectively. An isogenic insertion mutant of L. pneumophila in gspA (strain AA224) was constructed by allelic exchange in the wild‐type strain AA200. Compared to in vitro‐grown wild‐type strain AA200, AA224 was more susceptible to all four in vitro stress stimuli. The wild‐type phenotypes were restored to strain AA224 by complementation with a plasmid containing wild‐type gspA. There was no difference between the wild‐type strain and the gspA mutant in cytopathogenicity to U937 cells or in their kinetics of intracellular replication within macrophages and amoebae. However, compared to in vitro‐grown bacteria, macrophage‐grown and amoebae‐grown AA200 and AA224 showed an equal and dramatic increase in resistance to in vitro stress stimuli. Our data showed that regardless of the capacity of L. pneumophila to subvert the microbicidal mechanisms of the macrophage, intracellular L. pneumophila is exposed to a high level of stress stimuli throughout the intracellular infection. Although the GspA protein is required for protection of the bacteria against in vitro stress stimuli, and is induced during intracellular multiplication, the loss of its function is probably compensated for by other macrophage‐induced and stress‐induced proteins within the intracellular environment.


Web and Android based on information technology has important role in managing mini theater which become an alternative place in watching movie for movie lovers. The web application is placed in a server and used for managing master data such as appetizers, movie catalogue, members, and rooms. It is also used for managing room reservation based on customer's request such as: specific time schedule, small, medium, or big room, and also the appetizer. The Android application acts as a client and is used by staffs to record customer's order. Customers may also access movie trailers from their mobile device by QR Code support in movie catalogue. The web application is developed using PHP Codeigniter and the mobile application is developed using Java for Android. Both apps are integrated in a good way to help managing order and room reservation of mini theater. Keywords: Service Order and Reservation, Web and Android Based Reservation, Web and Android Based Service Order


Nicotine is an addictive drug like heroin, amphetamine or cocaine. Addiction to tobacco leads to significant failure rates in programmes for smoking cessation. The α4β2 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and CB1 cannabinoid receptors play an important role in nicotine addiction.


In order to transfer the so-called topochemical control established by Schmidt and coworkers to fluid solutions, the [2.2]paracyclophane framework was substituted with two acryloyl substituents, one on each of the two decks. The 4 products thus formed are termed cinnamophanes. The pseudo-gem derivative, 1, was shown to undergo a very efficient stereospecific [2 + 2] photocycloaddition to form 5 with the highest quantum yield (0.8) ever observed for such a reaction. Whereas 2, 3 and 4, the regioisomers of 1, undergo a trans-cis photoisomerisation, compound 1 leads to the photocycloadduct as the sole photoproduct. This unusually fast cycloaddition reaction is not sensitive to oxygen and is largely unaffected by temperature variations. It is believed to be a singlet state reaction. The synthesis and a spectroscopic (absorption and fluorescence emission) study of 1–4 and 5 are described.


Objective To explore the clinical characteristic of cerebral hemorrhage enter into ventricle patients, they had being diagnosed by CT and MRI. Methods To review the patient who had cerebral hemorrhage and the blood enter into ventricle, and the patients had being Hospitalized in our Hospital from 1995 to 2009 year. Results male: 73 cases, female: 36 cases, onset age: over 60 years old were 55.0%, the most were onset from movements. bleeding part: basal nuclei were 84.4%. effective rate of conservative therapy were 69.7%. effective rate of surgical therapy were 63.6%. Conclusion most of the patients who had cerebral hemorrhage and the blood enter the ventricle were quinquagenarian, analyzes from age, onset age are younger than ever, material cause were hypertension, therapeutic effect and prognosis dependent on state of consciousness.


In this paper an experimental procedure for the evaluation of the Ni and NiCr-Ni new low cost conductor systems is described. The possibility of an application of these conductor systems as a contact material for thin film resistors has been examined. A special test pattern with intermittent pattern resistors and meander patterns of conductor and resistive material was applied. The quality of thin film resistor contacts is defined by the constancy of their electrical and physical properties during exploitation. Following the R.T. Galla distributed parameter analysis model the calculation of the aging degradation of the Ni and NiCr-Ni conductor systems has been carried out.


The effective reservoir in the eighth member of Shihezi Formation in Sulige area is characterized by thin thickness,rapid lateral variation.Based on logging and petrophysics analysis,the elastic parameters(such as elastic impedance,Poisson's ratio and so on) of the effective reservoir are obtained by prestack inversion,and fluid properties are analyzed,which can provide reference for drilling well location.Good result has been achieved in well location optimization in Sulige Gas Field.


Bending fatigue failures OI cantilever type suction valve reeds occurred under operating conditions in a semi-hermetic refrigerant compressor during field trials. The finite element method (FEM) was applied to predict both the static and dynamic displacements and the resultant stresses of the reeds. The dynamic stresses in the location of the fracture exceeded the fatigue limit of the reed steel. The procedure could assist in the modification of a reed design so that failures due to bending fatigue were avoided.


tended it so or not, his vivid word pictures of mellow days in England and of contrasting strident hours in militant Germany leave the reader with the feeling that Mr. Birchall thinks the mellow days are gone for a long time. He believes the democracies will win the war, but he does not give much evidence to support his belief. He is candid enough to admit that the world after the war will be vastly different from before it. Like most of us, however, he has little more than hope that it will be a better world.


Considering vibration of centrifugal air-conditioning chillers at working conditions of 300Hz and 386Hz, a vibration reduction method for centrifugal air-conditioning chillers based on particle damping is proposed. Firstly, the vibration transfer path of the chillers is determined based on dynamic characteristics analysis of the chillers. Secondly, the vibration sensitive area of the compressor is determined by finite element analysis. Then the energy dissipation is calculated by the discrete element method (DEM) to determine the optimal installation scheme of the damper. Finally, the vibration reduction effect of the chillers after arranging the damper is verified by experiments.


PURPOSE: A wastewater treatment system using aquatic microbes is provided, which is characterized in that the system consists of a fluidized-bed reactor, a fixed-bed reactor, a denitrification reactor, a microbe activation reactor, and a decomposition layer containing soil microbes. Conventional systems such as activated sludge can't cope flexibly with the worse quality of water due to the develop and variety of industry CONSTITUTION: A wastewater treatment system using aquatic microbes is characterized by comprising the following parts of: a fluidized-bed reactor containing fluidized beds(11) concentrated aquatic microbes, a fixed-bed reactor containing fixed beds (21) composed of the foamed material(94) shaped a belt, which widens extremely the contact area of microbes, a denitrification reactor(30) operated intermittent aeration to eliminate nitrates. Above all, the system has the characteristics of soil layers packed many microorganisms to remove organic matters in the upper fluidized-bed reactor or fixed-bed reactor and low stench as well as the prevention of bulking.


At many workplaces are activities related to the steering of the work place elements. Steering by upper extremity with a lever is used in most of the work processes. The lower extremities can also perform the work process steering purposes. It refers to such workstations on which steering is carried out with different types of pedals, relate mainly the jobs of drivers of cars, buses, tracks, trains. There are also quite unusual jobs, on which the working pedals can be used as a steering device for example, working pedals job of the surgeon [1]. Due to the fact that mainly upper extremities perform steering task there is a belief that the steering by the upper extremity (lever) is more precise than steering by the lower extremity (pedal). However the literature indicates that the foot has also the sensory function [2]. Research indicating upper extremities as more precise in steering tasks were done in conditions where both forces for upper and lower extremities were the same [3]. Taking into account that there is a difference in muscle force capabilities of upper and lower extremity the aim of the study was testing the accuracy of steering in various force on the lever and pedal. The steering can be done through displacement or through the force pressing the lever or pedal (without movement). Research suggests that steering by force may be as accurate as using the displacement of the lever or pedal [4, 5]. The tests were made using the force during the measurement of accuracy of steering. Due to the lack of movement of such measurements are not affected by the error resulting from the difference between static and dynamic friction of lever or pedal.


In this paper, a new method for robust Lagrange stability analysis of a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems is proposed. Both the linear part structured and unstructured uncertainties are considered in a unified way. Sufficient, conditions for robust Lagrange stability are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). With this LMI approach, the largest allowable magnitude of the admissible perturbation was given explicitly by solving a, generalized eigenvalue minimization problem which is essentially a convex optimization problem and numerically efficient, illustrative example confirmed the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach


The preceding editorial statement marks another milestone in the history of a journal that, under the names of the School Review and, since 1979, the American Journal of Education, has recently celebrated its ninetieth anniversary. With this issue, a new editorial group assumes responsibility. It is composed, as has been the case since 1896, of faculty of the University of Chicago's Department of Education. We have decided to celebrate this publication's 90 years by offering an anthology of articles from past issues. Together they reflect many of the important ideas and trends in the modern history of American education. Individually, each draws attention to a particular person responsible for generating the ideas or for recognizing the trends. We have included at least one article from each decade; however, the more recent decades are underrepresented because many of the later key articles already have been widely reprinted and anthologized. Although each article contains a brief introduction placing it within the context of the evolution of the School Review/American Journal of Education, we wish here to note several general themes. First, for 70 years, the School Review focused on secondary education, an area to which Americans accorded relatively scant attention during the nineteenth century. The rapid growth of secondary schools near the end of the century led Cornell University presidentJacob Gould Schurman in 1892 to found the School Review, devoted to the problems attendant upon their develoment. Schurman soon gave editorship of the Review to Charles Thurber. Thurber taught at Cornell and then at Colgate before coming with the journal to Chicago in 1896, at the behest of President William Rainey Harper. Thurber and subsequent Chicago editors retained the focus on secondary education, although individual articles occasionally ventured beyond the perimeter. Second, while the School Review increasingly and inevitably reflected events at the University of Chicago's Department of Education, its editors consciously attempted to keep its pages open to all viewpoints. A house organ, however glorified, could never become a successful national journal. While the School Review/American Journal of Education


We aim to detect the habitual expectations of students and teachers in the use of procedures that address the interest in reading and favor their practice. We present a description of the activities carried out in one of the schools attended during the implementation of the ATLAS project, located in the municipality of Catole do Rocha, where it was proposed the adoption of a Cineclube in the teaching-learning process, aiming to provide a multidisciplinary vision that rescued student interest by practicing reading in a pleasant way. As a result, we observed that, we can encourage the participation of the student community in acquiring interest in the healthy habit of reading. We rescued the students search for the library as a stimulating and supportive space for learning; We permeate the curiosity of reading by students to investigate available materials such as books, newspapers, comics and other available media.


A second theory dominates the second half of the book : maiestas populi Romani remained down to the Augustan period the ' sole focal point' of the crimen maiestatis—in no law (or senatorial decree) was it replaced by maiestas Caesaris (jyrincipis). The theory seems unexceptionable, but it should be noted that it is stated in extreme terms : B. writes only of the substitution of one kind of maiestas for another, believing, apparently, that the two kinds could not both be given recognition by the maiestas law. B., however, does not rule out the coexistence of the two kinds of maiestas with different statuses. This is in effect his solution : maiestas imtninuta {populi Romani) survived into the Principate and was punished by the quaestio; violata maiestas (principis) appeared under Augustus as a new crime, embracing all offences against the Emperor in his private rather than his official capacity, and was investigated in the Emperor's own court (as having nothing to do with maiestas populi Romani). B.'s views on both the origins and the activities of the imperial court should be challenged. The supposed link between the oath of 32 B.C. and the imperial court is particularly tenuous : holding, with von Premerstein, that tota Italia entered Octavian's clientela when it swore the oath, B. sees the court as the patronus' domestic tribunal, which, because of the elevated position of the patronus, quickly achieved the status of a public criminal court. Von Premerstein's doctrine, however, is at the least controversial (see, e.g., Henderson, JRS XLIV (1954), 125); and the notion that imperial jurisdiction was quite unrelated to the Emperor's official position has powerful critics (e.g. A. H. M. Jones, Studies in Roman Government and Law (Oxford, i960), 69 ff.). Again, the dichotomy between the ' old' and ' new' maiestas breaks down unless it can be shown that the Emperor tried only offences which fell under the latter. (B. will not allow that the emperor tried other crimes ; Dio LVI, 24, 7, with the evidence it provides for overlapping jurisdiction, would have proved especially embarrassing.) But the governor (?) of Cyrene assumed that Augustus would be interested in the three men who allegedly had information ' relating to the safety of the Emperor and to the public welfare '. According to B.'s theory, Augustus should have investigated only the charge against one of them of removing a public statue inscribed with the Emperor's name. (The reference here should be to SEG ix, 8, 2 or Ehrenburg and Jones, Documents etc. 311,2.) And the supposed dichotomy would not seem to have survived Augustus ; under his successor, both kinds of maiestas were investigated by the senatorial court—the imperial court was quiescent, the quaestio underemployed. The main weakness of the book, then, lies in the fragility of the hypotheses around which it is built. (Some of the more fruitful, though still provocative, chapters, e.g. 1-2 (introductory), 5-6 (59 B.C. and the Gallic command), are more loosely tied to the basic themes.) The painstaking care with which each law, each case is documented constitutes its chief merit. The book bristles with erudition. Cassiodorus takes his place beside Dio and Tacitus in the discussion of the legislation of 27 B.C. (p. 278); and the debt we owe to German scholarship is made evident on every page. The reader has, therefore, a favourable opportunity, if he disagrees with the theories presented, to construe matters differently. He will find much to argue with, partly because of the contentiousness of the subject-matter and the quality of the evidence, partly because B.'s way is not the cautious acceptance of traditional doctrine. P E T E R G A R N S E Y


[Objective] In this study,since hydrolyzed feather powder is a kind of good nitrogen-containing material rich in a wide variety of amino acids,it is used to replace the tryptone,a common component in Luria-Bertani medium for cultivating bacteria,thus to develop a novel bacterial culture medium and recycle the waste resource.[Methods] Absorbance at 600 nm of the fermentation broths detected by turbidimetry and culture-dependent method were used to analyze the effect of media on cell growth.[Results] Compared to the LB medium,no significant difference or more abundance in the growth of the tested bacteria was observed when peptone was completely replaced by hydrolyzed feather powder and the biomass of type strains(Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) tested,increased by 21.59% and 27.83%,respectively.Results of bacteria-growth curves showed that a bit delay at the initial phase and an extended logarithmic phase of the tested strains were observed in the novel medium.However,the biomasses of the strains tested at stable phase in the novel medium were higher than those in the control.Meanwhile,results from culture-dependent method also showed that no significant differences for the number of type strains were observed between the two media.[Conclusion] In conclusion,the hydrolyzed feather powder was able to replace tryptone to create a novel low-cost but high-quality medium.


Abstract Purpose: This study aims to estimate households' willingness to pay (WTP) in the Mekong River Delta for the improvement of solid waste (SW) management and identify factors influencing willingness to pay for the improvement program. Then, based on the results, this research proposed some policy implications for better SW management. Research methodology: The research employed both Contingent Valuation Methodology - CVM employed parametric and non-parametric approaches to estimate WTP and Logit model to identify the determinants of WTP. Results: The results from a random survey of 400 observations from 3 main cities in the Mekong River Delta (MRD) indicate that households' willingness to pay level is from 86,000 Vietnamese Dong (VND) to 110,000 VND/month/household for the non-parametric and parametric approach, respectively (US$1 was equal to 22,890 VND on June 30th, 2021). The results also determine the factors influencing the decision to pay for the program, including bid level, households who have already classified waste, households who intend to support the program, and households' income. Limitations: In future research, survey areas should be expanded to other developing countries in order to compare and provide a base for proposing better waste management programs in developing countries. Contribution: Future studies should apply both approaches to check the consistency of willingness to pay value elicited. Besides, in order to encourage households to participate in the waste classification program, the authorities need to raise awareness and encourage higher-income households to participate in advance.


On the gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters prepared from trace amounts of lipids, the accurate analysis of the esters is sometimes interfered with phthalates which are eluted from various materials used in the course of sample preparations for gas chromatography. We devised a simple method for removal of the contaminative phthalates from a sample for gas chromatography. The method was comprised of a sequence of methanolysis and thin-layer chromatographic separation, and this simple combination technique was effectively applied to gas chromatographic microanalysis of fatty acid methyl esters which were contaminated with a wide variety of phthalates. By re-methanolysis of fatty acid methyl esters containing phthalates with 0.5%(wt/vol) sodium methoxide at 80•Ž for 30 min, the phthalates were converted into dimethyl phthalate and small amounts of heterogeneous phthalates containing one methyl group, but the fatty acid esters were unchanged during the treatment. The resulting mixture was spotted on thin-layer plate which was cleaned up with ether before use, and developed with a solvent mixture of hexane-ether-acetic acid (80/20/1, vol/vol/vol). The fatty acid methyl esters were separated on the plate from the contaminative phthalates, by taking advantage of higher Rf values of the fatty acid esters than those of the methanolysis products from the contaminants. The purified fatty acid methyl esters could be re-analyzed by gas chromatography without any interferences. This method had no influence on the fatty acid methyl esters to be analyzed.


Uncooled operation for a FP laser is presented. More than 100-degree temperature operation range was achieved for 10 km/2.5 Gb/s. The lasers were fabricated using Al/Zn-free InAsP/InP design for good reliability. Frequency response of 7 GHz at -25/spl deg/C and 5.2 GHz at 85/spl deg/C was measured for TO56 can package.


The phylogenetic position of the Hamamelidae, F.Ehrendorfer "Hamamelididae" - a commentary, Robert F.Thorne phylogenetic analysis of angiosperms and the relationships of Hamamelidae, Michael J.Donoghue and James A.Doyle comparisons of primitive Rosidae and Hamamelidae, William C.Dickison sieve-element plastids, phloem proteins and the evolution of flowering plants, H.Detmar Behnke karyological patterns in the Hamamelidae, Wilfied Morawetz and M.R.A.Samuel leaf-architectural analysis of the Hamamelidae, Jack A.Wolfe reproductive structures of cretaceous Hamamelidae, Else Marie Friis and Peter R.Crane the systematic position of the Myrothamnaceae, Peter K.Endress the floral morphology, vascular anatomy, and ontogeny of the Rhodoleioideae (Hamamelidaceae) and their significance in relation to the lower Hamamelids, A.Linn Bogle phylogenetic relationships in the Hamamelidoidea, Peter K.Endress a survey of the Liquidambaroideae (Hamamelidaceae) with a view to elucidating its fossil record, David K.Ferguson a review of the family Buxaceae Dumortier, Charles E.Jarvis the Didymelales - a systematic review, David A.Sutton the Daphniphyllales - a systematic review, David A.Sutton.


Abnormal increase of ion pair production in the atmosphere near the ground during thunderstorm had been observed by Wait and McNish.(1) As their observations were carried out near the ground, the observed values include the ion pairs produced by the radioactivity of rain water staying on the ground surface. To obtain the relation between the ion pair production and the intensity of rainfall, ion pair production during the rainfall must be observed at such a height that the effect of the radioactivity of the rain water staying on the ground surface is neglected as much as possible. From this point of view, our observation was carried out on the roof of the building of Tokyo College of Science. The equipment used for this observation is shown in Fig. 1. of 4,540cm3. The inner electrode of chamber is a brass rod of about 3mm in diameter, is kept on a teflon plug which is mounted on a suitable guard ring arrangement, and is connected to a string electrometer. The connecting wire is shielded by an earthed metal pipe. A 90-volt battery is provided for the sweep voltage for the chamber. This was found to be sufficient for saturation at this level of ionization. The ionization current q (measured in ion pair/cm3/sec) is usually given by the following relation


This study contributes to the existing literature on capital structure by providing evidence regarding the existence of a target capital structure, the estimated speed of adjustment, and the factors influencing it. The concept of speed adjustment begins with dynamic trade-off theory with the aim that the company achieves optimal leverage targets. This paper aims to examine the determinants of capital structure and speed of adjustment in Indonesia's Health Sector companies. For this purpose, we use the Generalized Method of Moments estimation technique. The results of this study indicate that the health sector companies adjust their capital structure towards the optimal capital structure with an average adjustment period of 1.17 years. The test results also show that distance and financial deficit/surplus did not significantly affect the speed of adjustment of the company's capital structure.


This paper treats of three principal topics: 1. The enormous economic waste which the wire, cable, and conduit equipment of a telephone system involves. 2. A recapitulation and discussion of reasons which make this waste necessary or expedient in manually operated systems. 3. How this waste can and should be greatly reduced in systems employing automatic switchboards.


We have carried out numerical studies of the exponent characterizing the distribution of low-energy magnon modes on the infinite percolating cluster of the two-dimensional, bond-dilute, nearest-neighbor Heisenberg antiferromagnet and the XY model. In the case of the antiferromagnet we obtain agreement with the predictions of scaling theory using the value of the transverse susceptibility exponent given by Kumar and Harris. The agreement with scaling theory is somewhat less satisfactory for the XY model, but may improve with larger arrays.


This research to know socio economic status influence socio economic status and learning outcome economy by partial and together to literacy VIII SMPN class student's economy 43 Surabaya. The research is quantitative approach. Total Sample as much as 176 VIII class student from population total of  314 students. Research result indicate that the economic and social status of the study results in significant economic literacy on partial and together, it means that parents and socio economic status in both high economic study results will boost the knowledge and economic literacy.


Imprisoned women are rather 'unproblematic', especially when compared with imprisoned men. However, the seemingly logical expectation of a less harsh prison regime for women is not always implemented and women are sometimes imprisoned in the same or even stricter regimes than men. This paper addresses the enforcement of prison sentences for women in Slovenia. Results of data analysis indicate that imprisoned women in the Slovenian prison system are generally (less) 'problematic', but the prison regime is disproportionately (increasingly) strict. The findings indicate that the Slovenian prison system plays a role in broader social mechanisms of gender-based discipline because imprisoned women are serving a double sentence: one for committing a crime and another for being a woman (who committed a crime).


The present invention relates to a Chinese medicine compound preparation for comprehensively regulating function of human body. It is made up by using 48 Chinese medicinal materials of licorice root, notoginseng, schizonepeta, Chinese angelica root, astragatus root, dahurian angelica root, dried ginger and others through a certain preparation process.


Children's literature plays an important role of teaching children and setting a good example for children at different historical times.On the other hand,through the platform of children's literature,our knowledge about children is continuously constructed.This constructive process is legalized on the base of socialized discourse.Nevertheless,the implicit arbitrary discourse in socialization denies and veils children as different cultural existence.The sociological reflection of "The writing of Peter Pan" on the concepts of "development","maturation","socialization" and "education",reminds us that we should rethink our viewpoints on children's life and education.


The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between ganciclovir exposure and clinical efficacy and/or safety in non‐renal solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients receiving preemptive therapy with ganciclovir/valganciclovir and undergoing therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)‐guided dosing optimization.


The typical power process of construction machinery was analyzed.By the results,the idea of energy-saving and the concept of generalized energy-saving were led.The energy-saving control system of whole set of construction machinery was put forward according to the concept of generalized energy-saving unified from present two typical control technologies of construction machinery.A formula in the targets of the overall energy saving was put forward in view of the shortcomings of difficult to comparatively quantify the current energy-saving technology,and energy-saving effects of comparison and evaluation methods were explained under meaning of the targets of overall energy saving.The concrete modes of realization of the global energy-saving and generalized energy-saving were given:full electronic control and distributed control technology.The future development trend of energy-saving technology was prospected.


The electronic structure of the 4H polytype of the layered compound CdI2 was investigated using angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS). The spectra are compared with results of self-consistent relativistic band-structure calculations of the 2H- and 4H-CdI2 polytypes. It is shown that a detailed analysis of the spectra is possible by using calculated band dispersions. The calculated band structures are compared with the complete spectra and not only to the peak positions. The spectra can be explained by assuming indirect transitions. The wave-function symmetries were determined from the variation of peak intensities with the photon angle of incidence. The agreement between the calculated band structure and the experimental spectra is good; no significant differences between the calculated valence-band structure and the ARUPS spectra in excess of 0.3 eV are found.


The company has been dedicated to the sale of accessories for smartphones in the city of
Machachi, the following work is to develop a Marketing Mix plan for the CSMOVIL
microenterprise that allows to strengthen the positioning in the market of Canton Mejia,
becoming a brand quality. For which an internal and external analysis has been carried out,
using the administrative tools of investigation such as: the qualitative methods which helped
us to formulate the questions of the survey formulated and the quantitative method, by means
of which we tabulated the same, with which we made a diagnostic situation, both external
and internal, that allowed us to apply the Marketing Mix. Obtaining as a result the need to
apply a plan of improvements, marketing strategies, such as promotion, image, strategic
alliances, control of sales and after-sales, home delivery, with which the company will regain
possession in the market as the absolute leader in its genre.
Keywords
Positioning, company, Marketing, strategies, leader, market.


Contents of 5 aromatic components,i.e.,2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-3-one,β-damascone,nerylacetone,β-ionone and β-linalool,in tobacco were determined by GC-MS.Naphthalene was used as internal standard and the internal standard calibration curve was used in the determination.Quartz capillary chromatographic column DB-5MS was used for separation of the analytes with programmed temperature elevation from 50 ℃ to 250 ℃,with flow-rate of 1 mL·min-1.Electron bombardment ionization(180 ℃,70 eV) and SIM mode were adopted in MS,with the selected ions for the 5 components of(m/z) 43,177,43,177,128,71.Ranges of linearity of the 5 components were found between 0.15-50,1.2-55,1.8-75,0.8-60,0.8-60 mg·L-1 respectively.Tests for recovery were made by addition of standard solutions of the 5 components to a tobacco sample,values of recovery found were in the range of 95.3%-106.6%.


We have recently made several improvements to the Nova laser at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to enhance its capability for conducting research on both the indirect- drive and direct-drive approaches to inertial confinement fusion (ICF). For indirect-drive ICF, we have been working on the Precision Nova project to increase the ten beam output at the third-harmonic wavelength (0.351 micrometers ) to 40 kJ (30 TW power), to obtain instantaneous power balance to 5 - 10% among the beams, and to improve the centroid pointing precision on target to 30 micrometers rms. This paper discusses improvements to the frequency converters and the use of spectral chirp to reach the goals for the energy and power levels. It also discuses our power balancing technique, diagnostics capabilities, and the status of the beam pointing improvements. For direct drive studies, we have implemented on a single beam, 80 cm diameter random phase plates and a version of smoothing by spectral dispersion to achieve a smooth beam at the second harmonic wavelength (0.527 micrometers ). The phase plates were fabricated by a unique sol-gel process and our temporal smoothing technique utilizes a special cross-phase-modulation oscillator. We report the smoothing levels and smoothing rates that we have achieved and briefly discuss the target physics research being done with this smoothed beam.


Cerebral venous angioma is the rarest vascular malformation of the brain. Most congenital intracranial vascular malformations fall into on four groups: arteriovenous malformations, capillary teleangiectasis, cavernous malformations, and venous angioma or developmental venous anomalies. The typical venous angioma is composed of a large parent vein that receives an array of radially-oriented tributary vein in a spoke-wheel configuration dubbed "the caput medusa". Cerebral venous angioma is usually asymptomatic and may be found incidentally at autopsy or by cerebral angiography. Capillary hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that are most commonly located superficially in the skin and soft tissue of the head and neck. There appears to be a female preponderance associated with the presence of these lesions. We report two cases of cerebral venous angioma and capillary hemangioma discovered after forensic autopsy.


Taking mass sports and sports development as the main focus,this paper reviews the history of the shifting of sports development strategies,summarizes the features of main strategies shifting of sports development in new china,points out that the sports development strategies of new China should combine popularization with the raising of standards.The rejuvenation of the Chinese nation promotes the competitive sports development,makes adjustment to meet the social and economic change and shows the ideological route of facts.The shifting of sports development strategies expresses the succession and development and gradual perfection.The special emphasis on sports development makes obvious difference between competitive sports and mass sports.Based on it,some suggestions for dealing relations between mass sports and sports development after Beijing Olympic Games are put forwarded.


Objective: To investigate the anesthetic effect of lidocaine inhalation during fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Methods: 90 patients were randomized into two groups:experimental group (50 patients) anesthetized with lidocaine through oxygen inhalation and control group (443 patients)with lidocaine ejection. The anesthesia effect, lidocaine consumption, heart rate (HR) before and after bronchoscopy, peripheral oxygen saturation measured by SpO2, and side effects were observed. Results: Compared with group control, the anesthetic effect was more significant in the experimental group (86% vs 55%, P 0.01). The average lidocaine dose allocated to the experimental group was (12±1.8) ml, significantly lower than that of the control group [(24±2.0)ml,P 0.01]. The difference in mean change of blood pressure and oxygen saturation, adverse effects between the experiment group and the control group were insignificant. Conclusion: Lidocaine anethesia facilitated by oxygen inhalation has more effectiveness and less adverse effects, which may serve as a better route than routine method.


In this paper, we present the results of rigorous electromagnetic broadband simulations applied to CMOS image sensors as well as experimental measurements. We firstly compare the results of 1D, 2D, and 3D broadband simulations in the visible range (380nm-720nm) of a 1.75μm CMOS image sensor, emphasizing the limitations of 1D and 2D simulations and the need of 3D modeling, particularly to rigorously simulate parameters like Quantum Efficiency. Then we illustrate broadband simulations by two proposed solutions that improve the spectral response of the sensor: an antireflective coating, and the reduction of the optical stack. We finally show that results from experimental measurements are in agreement with the simulated results.


The article deals with the problems to control competitiveness of building products and presents study results of energy-efficient materials in the construction of dwellings. On the first stage the authors examined the technology of an intelligent home combined with geothermal heating and solar power supply. The home would be independent of public utility rates and the rates for electrical energy. On the second stage they compared technical and economic characteristics of conventional incandescent lamps and energy-saving luminescent ones. On the third and final stages they studied enclosing structures made of brick and cellular concrete. The article provides the economic substantiation for the introduction of energy efficient materials that allow to increase the competitiveness of construction products, particularly for the Siberian conditions.


International development agencies argue that "good governance" is crucial to attaining the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), but there are many ways to define and measure good governance. The paper begins by examining the World Bank's minimal state conception of governance and then proposes an alternative approach based on strengthening state capacity. The paper tests this framework by developing a provisional Millennium Governance Index (MGI) for 126 countries. In comparative empirical analysis, the MGI has noticeably higher statistical correlations than the World Bank's governance indicators on six out of seven MDGs even after controlling for per capita income levels.


Due to the less volume of concrete lining for deep shaft,it is impractical to adopt sliding formwork for large investment.It is cost-saving and flexible to use scaffolding composite steel formwork in concrete lining.Based on the concrete lining of No.3 and 4 ventilating shafts in discharge tunnel,we introduce the application of scaffolding composite steel formwork in limited spaces.


Basic medical insurance system for urban employees in the national scope the universal established,make broad ginseng protect personnel to the demand of primary medical has been protected,relieves the masses "difficulty and high cost of" problem.But the existing low level of overall planning,salary level is not high and the management service level to strengthen the ability to through continuous reform to solve and perfect.Only by constantly improve the level of overall planning,promote the management,service and security level,and perfect the multi-level medical security system to adapt to the new situation of medical health system construction and development needs.


A study was carri~d out on consuml.:r acceprabiJ it~'of fresh pasteurized milk of
goat ahd cow. The fresh pasteurized milk wa'i produced from the raw milk while
yoghurt was produced from raw goat milk only. for comparison with commercial cow
milk youghurt. Sensory ~valuation panels of tifty persons each were set up for each
product. The criteria used in the evaluation process were product colour. aroma and
flavour. Mean scores for fresh pasteurized milk of goal and co\\' were 7.36 and 6.44 for
colour. 6.94 and 6.74 for aroma and 6.28 and 6.04 for flavour. respectivdy. The colour
of goat pasteurized milk was significantly higher than that of cow milk (P<O.OI). The
mean scores for yoghurt \)f goat and cow milk were 7.5-~and 6.98 for colour. 7.20 and
7.26 for aroma. 7.58 and 7.30 for tlavour respectively. the colour of goat milk yoghurt was significantly higher thaIl that of cow milk yoghuI1 (P<O.OI), The Sl:llsory evaluation
showed that fresh pasteurized goat milk and yoghurt were as good as or <:venmore
acceptable than those of cow milk in terms of colour. aroma and tlavou


Neoliberal attacks on public education have eliminated the concept of the public good by transforming test scores into the proxy for learning, teaching, and growth; demonizing the collective voice of teachers; and handing over public interests to be privately managed. These efforts have been seductively nestled in the educationasmarketplace metaphor. Although illuminating and critiquing these issues are imperative, offering possibilities and tools for educators, students, families, scholars, and policymakers to respond to the serious and detrimental flaws in our current system is also crucial. In Educational Courage: Resisting the Ambush of Public Education, Schniedewind and SaponShevin assemble1 the voices and stories of students, parents, educators, education scholars, administrators, and other stakeholders who successfully and meaningfully resist the neoliberal ambush of public education, individually and collectively, privately and publicly. Indeed, Schniedewind and SaponShevin avow that the "book is a chronicle of courage, hope, and inspiration. It offers the voices of those who are resisting legislation, policies, and practices that are inconsistent with a democratic vision of education and society," a vision that centers a "meaningful, challenging, and equitable education for all students" (p. xxi). The major threat to the democratic vision of education and society, they argue, are educational policies that have become undergirded and driven by market concerns (i.e., merit pay, highstakes testing, and private corporate and mayoral control), ultimately leading to the privatization of public education. The goal of Educational Courage, then, is to share the voices of those who resist topdown agendas and demonstrate the potential for public education. The book is divided into four parts. In "Is This What We Call 'Education'?" Schniedewind offers a brief history of the ambush on public education since the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001, including the current Race to the Top initiative, and the ill effects of misguided federal legislation on education's stakeholders. Subsequent to Schniedewind's brief history, the voices of a teacher and a parent illuminate the detrimental consequences of current educational policies on children and teachers. "I Won't Be a Part of This!" represents the stories of those who have resisted the ambush of public education in the form of resignation, organization, and writing oped pieces. A particularly powerful chapter in this section of the book captures the injurious effects of standardized testing from the perspectives of students with disabilities. Though this chapter might better round out the first part, the editors consider the students' act of writing as a refusal of the current system, thus a fit for this second section of the book. Kohn's chapter is timely as he resists the commonly touted claim that the new solution for school reform— Common Core Standards— is not reflective of anyone's individual beliefs and, therefore, is objective. Thus, Kohn points to policymakers' flawed notion that education can and should be neutral. In addition to these chapters, this section includes other stories of resistance such as an education professor's elevenyearold son who publicly refused to take his statemandated test, a teacher who resigned from a charter school gone corporate, and two educators who built a powerful partnership around their refusal to comply with mandates of NCLB and ultimately walked away with their values intact. While these stories are powerful examples to inspire many others to refuse the ambush of public education, we must also consider the various positions of privilege that allowed these resisters to reject the current system. How might children of parents with lowstatus jobs and with positions of little power