Speaking is one of the language skills which are important for second language learners to be developed. Capability to speak English is the priority for many secondlanguage or foreign language learners. Therefore, this research was aimed at knowing the speaking ability of the second year students of SMA N 2 Siak Hulu. The students may tell their experience after preparation before performing in front of the class. This is the important part in developing their memory to make a well-arranged story. Their speaking will be analyzed through five components: pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. This research needs three raters in order to avoid subjectivity in evaluating the test. Keyword :Descriptive Research, Speaking ability, telling experience


THE Harveian Society of London will hold a clinical meeting at the Paddington Green Children's Hospital on Thursday, October 16th, at 4.30 p.m. THE Chadwick Lecture programme for this autumn Includes lectures in London on "Defective hygiene and child life," with special reference to the effect produced on growth and development of children by town dwelling and slum areas, by Dr. Lawson Dick, M.D., F.R.C.S.; on "Rats," by Mr. Mark Hovel], F.R.C.S.; on "Smoke," with a review of its causes, its effects on vegetation, fabrics, masonry, and metal work, and its influence on health and the death rate, by Professor J. D. Cohen, F.R.S.; and on "1 Ante-natal and postnatal child physiology and hygiene," by Dr. W. M. Feldman. Each lecture will be illustrated by epidiascope or lantern slides, and among the chairmen will be Sir William J. Collins, M.D., chairman of the Chadwick Trustees, Sir James (richtonBrownie, M.D., and Sir Frank Baines. Further information about these lectures, which will be free to the public, may be had from the secretary at the offices of the trust, 13, Great George Street, Westminster. THE Tokyo University library, which was destroyed in the great earthquake a year ago, is now being quickly restored, a large number of books having been presented by the Rockefeller Foundation, the Universities of Rome, Germany, Michigan, Columbia, and California, educational bodies connected with the French Academy, and other countries, including India, Australia, Holland, and Switzerland. DR. JAMES F. E. BRIDGER, principal civil medical officer, has been appointed a nominated official member of the Legislative Council of the island of Ceylon. THE Home Secretary has appointed Dr. Sibyl Gertrude Overton to be an Inspector of Factories and Workshops under the Factory and Workshops Act, 1901.


Abstract value as an advanced general value idea existing in people's pursuit of good luck is the fruit of human civilization. In reality the transformation fromvalue into concrete one mainly rests with the interest of the principal part of concrete value in particular social classes as well as the concrete institutional pattern which depends on concrete situations of various countries or nationalities.Abstract value cannot be narrowed and experience-oriented when being transformed into concrete one,let alone in the form of universal model.Socialism established on basis of carring forward all human outstanding civilizations never excludes advanced value ideas.


Vapor phase polymerization has been used for the synthesis of polypyrrole-coated filter paper (PPy-FP) using a simple experimental setup. In addition, we have doped the polymer-coated filter papers...


Approach to judicial activism supervisory failures that impact on fiscal sustainability of the social security health sought; analyzing origin, purpose and jurisprudential rules of the action; evidencing judicial activism with implications for fiscal sustainability, to determine ?what is the impact of judicial activism in fiscal sustainability in health? For which it is proposed to describe the phenomenon of overreaching and its consequences, to analyze the decisive guidance in decisions, establishing if there is involvement to fiscal sustainability of the system and to analyze whether this principle limits access to health


A new species, Clavaspis crypta, from pecan, Carya illinoensis is described. The adult female, pygidium of 2nd-stage female, and antenna of the 1st instar are illustrated. This species, from several localities in Georgia, is close to C. disclusa Ferris, described from California.


Growing use of technology by students is having an impact on teaching and learning as students are increasingly seeking to use technologies to engage in a range of academic activities. The traditional way of teaching and learning have to change in order to enhance students' social and lifelong learning skills. Communicating with mobile phone have become a daily routine by most students. They are motivated to almost anything that involves mobile technology. That is why they are spending hours with their phones. Thus, this study is done to recognize how mobile technology can help enhancing the social and lifelong learning of students through a case done in Seminar in Management Accounting class with the use of social and lifelong learning rubric and action research methodology. The study found that students have the opportunity to engage with the business communities through the use of mobile technology. The technologies enable them to engage with other party regardless of time and situations. Keywords: Social and lifelong learning skills, Mobile Technology, Education, Action research.


In China there is a great social project which includes building the socialism with Chinese characteristics, taking steps for the people's well being and adopting the scientific values of development. Nowadays the proposal to build a harmonious society not only enriches what the project contains but strengthens the humanistic solicitude for people or people-oriented spirit. It is deemed that the harmonious society is such a four-dimensional organization that the relations between individuals, man and society, man and nature and, as the fourth dimension, man and individual itself are all to be harmonized with each other step by step. In the process of building a harmonious society the following problems shall be solved emphatically, i.e., unfair social distribution; agriculture, rural areas and farmers; growing middle class; corruption. Some issues are also regarded as of far reaching importance, such as the awakening of self-respect and respect for other people and the community, establishing systematically the social/personal integrity and prosecution for dereliction of duty, increasing further the incomes from the so-called tertiary distribution and paying more attention to the weak especially the people in hazardous situation.


The Effect of Chili Farming Skills on Production in Subak Tianyar Kaja, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. Farming is an activity that requires good skills. Skills will affect the productivity of an activity. One of the activities that require intensive skills to increase yields is chili farming. Chili commodities often experience fluctuations in production and inflation of a nation's economy. Subak Tianyar Kaja has the potential for chili development because it is supported by institutional factors, geographical location of the land, fertility and good irrigation. The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze the chili farming subsystem skills on production in Subak Tianyar Kaja, Guwang Village, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency; (2) analyze the factors that constrain farmers in increasing chili production in Subak Tianyar Kaja, Guwang Village, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. The research location was taken purposively, the population was 88 farmers, the sample was taken by simple random sampling taken as much as 30% of the population, namely 27 farmers. The results showed that (1) the chili farming subsystem skills in increasing production which consisted of land preparation, nursery techniques, nursery seed maintenance, mulch installation, seed procurement, seed treatment, planting, maintenance and harvest handling got an average value of 2.45. (51.85%) with low category; (2) the factors that become obstacles for farmers in increasing chili production which include the ability to access technology, grow cooperative networks, hold meetings and capitalize on an average score of 2.29 (45.92%) with a low category. The conclusions of this study are (1) the chili farming subsystem skills on average get an average value of 2.45 (51.85%) which is classified as low category for chili production in Subak Tianyar Kaja, Guwang Village, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency; (2) the factors that become obstacles in increasing chili production get an average value of 2.29 (45.92%) with a low category of chili production in Subak Tianyar Kaja, Guwang Village, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. Suggestions that can be given (1) are farmers' skills which include nursery seed maintenance, mulching mulch, seed treatment, planting, and maintenance of chili plants need to be improved in an effort to increase chili production; (2) the constraint factors which include the ability to access technology, grow cooperation networks, meeting attendance, and capital need to be improved in their implementation in an effort to increase chili production.


Let H be a Hopf algebra over a fixed field k and K the augmentation ideal of H.As global dimensions,we prove that if H is not semisimple,then l?D(H)=1+p?d(k) and if H is not von Neumann regular,then w?D(H)=1+f?d(k);in other words,l?D(H)=p?d(k) and w?D(H)=f?d(k),k as a trivial H-module.We also give some sufficient and necessary conditions for w?D(H)=0.


In order to prevent cascading failures in smart grids and secure the operation of power grid,from the point of view of the complex network theory,we developed a cascading failures model for understanding the robustness of a smart grid under targeted attack and the defense of its interdependent links.Furthermore,we analyzed the process of cascading failures using the theories of generating functions and percolation.The simulation results agree with those by theory analysis.It is also found that a smart grid can be more robust by improving the network connectivity density,reducing the power-law exponents to the distribution range of 2~3,and increasing the defense index to protect the interdependent links among hub nodes.


Objective:To study the curative and harmful effects of one week triple therapy regimen of ranitidine bismuth citrate in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori(Hp ) Methods:100 cases of patient with Hp positive were randomly divided to RBC therapy group(A group) and Omeprazole triple therapy regimen one(B group). Hp erdication was assessed 4 weeks by using 14 C urea breath test and fecal antigen detection after completion of above both one week therapy.Results:The intent to treat(ITT) and the per protocol(PP) eradication rates were statistically equivalent between the A group(84 0% ITT,87 5% PP) and B group(78% ITT,83% PP) Incidence of adverse events did not differ between the two goupss.Conclusin: Hp eradication rate and incidence of adverse events of one week triple therapy regimen of ranitidine bismuth citrate was similar to ones of Omeprazole.


This research focused on the ability of translation students in translating a descriptive English text into Indonesian. The purpose of this research was to know
the ability of translation students in translating the descriptive English text into Indonesian. It was important to study, because the achievement after the translation
students learned about translating the descriptive English text into Indonesian would be known; in other words, the quality of translation students in translating the
descriptive English text into Indonesian could be identified. Then, it was able to decide what steps would be taken. Therefore, studying on translation students' ability
in translating the descriptive English text into Indonesian was important to conduct.
The design of this research was a descriptive quantitative design. The population was limited to the eighth semester students of Academic Year 2008/2009 who joined Translation III at English Department of University of Muhammadiyah
Malang. The writer used a test as the instrument to obtain the data. Based on the result of the data analysis, from 39 students, it was found that none of the students (0%) got score 8690. It showed that there was no student who had the closely perfect translation ability in translating the descriptive English text into Indonesian. Besides, no student (0%) got score 7685. It means that there was no
student who had the very well ability in the translation. Next, only 1 student (2.6%) got score 6175. It means that only 1 student had the good ability in the translation.
Then, 10 students (25.6%) got score 4660. It could be said that they had the moderate ability in the translation. The last, 28 students (71.8%) got the lowest score 2045. It could be categorized that they had the poor ability in the translation. In general, the ability of eighth semester students of academic year 2008/2009 who joined Translation III at English Department of University of Muhammadiyah
Malang was poor in translating the descriptive English text into Indonesian with the average score 43.7. According to Machali (2002) in her assessment criteria, the score
43.7 was included in the poor ability in the translation.


This article analyzes the commonly deployed imaginary of the Amazon as a pharmacopia – a cornucopia of ethnomedicinal cures unheard of in the West. Using several fictional narratives (two novels and a film) as a starting point, I explore how the Western imaginary of the Amazon as a pharmacopia is a discursive variation on the environmental imaginary of the Amazon as the "lungs of world" – a vulnerable entity of high import and in need of protection. Both the "lungs of the world" and the "pharmacopia" imaginaries construct the Amazon as a global commons. But I argue that while the "lungs of the world" narrative is conceptually anti-extractivist, as within it the Amazon's value is attributed to its containment and intactness, which needs to be salvaged, the "pharmacopia" narrative legitimates certain contemporary forms of extraction in the Amazon, such as bioprospecting. Finally, I analyze the dislocations of indigenous ethnobotanical knowledge practices within these representational geographies, and connect my analysis to the experiences of an indigenous Kichwa community in the Ecuadorian Amazon.


Iron chlorosis in soybean is a nutrient deficiency condition with general symptoms of chlorosis (yellowing) of soybean foliage and stunting of the plant, in turn impacting crop yield. Identifying, selecting and advancing varieties offering resistance to iron chlorosis is a critical component of soybean breeding. Genetic characterization of various soybean varieties is carried out using phenotypic measurements that are collected manually. Such measurements are extremely subjective confounded with rater variability, compromising measurement quality. Furthermore, manual data collection is labor intensive and expensive. In this study, we propose an automatic scoring system employing an analytical framework that applies image processing and machine learning (ML) techniques on red-green-blue (RGB) color channel images collected via Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for quantifying iron chlorosis severity. Results from the machine learning model indicate that the ML-based scores yielded good correlation with the manual scores. Additionally, ML scores demonstrated higher heritability/repeatability compared to those obtained from the manual scores, suggesting the use of UAV imagery in conjunction with machine learning approaches for field assessments of iron chlorosis, reducing long and tedious manual data collection efforts. Moreover, such approaches provide a scalable and high-throughput scoring system, enabling efficient breeding practices.


Aged spontaneously activated hamster oocytes recovered from adult females 18 and 24 hours after ovulation were at the pronuclear stage. These oocytes and fresh controls were inseminated in vitro with capacitated hamster spermatozoa and observed with the phase-contrast microscope. The percentage of fertilization in fresh control oocytes was 98%, as compared to 36% and 18% when the oocytes were recovered 18 and 24 hours after ovulation, respectively. The mean number of sperm decondensations per egg in control oocytes was 10, and in the aged ones it was 0.69 and 0.12 when the oocytes were recovered 18 and 24 hours after ovulation, respectively. When similarly treated oocytes were studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopy, it was found that the degree of gamete membrane fusion was greater than that observed with the phase-contrast microscope, but that most of the spermatozoa failed to decondense the chromatin. We suggest that parthenogenetic oocytes at the pronuclear stage are in a similar stage of the cell cycle as in fertilized eggs, in which the cytoplasm does not have the ability to decondense the sperm chromatin.


The thermodynamic modeling of the phase diagrams of the double systems Cu2O–BaO, Cu2O–Fe2O3, BaO–Fe2O3, and also the ternary system Cu2O–BaO–Fe2O3 was carried out. Thermodynamic models and their parameters, necessary for the thermodynamic description of the activity of the oxide melt components in these systems, are determined. For the calculation, the approximations of the theories of ideal ionic solutions (for the system Cu2O–Fe2O3) and subregular ionic solutions (for the systems Cu2O–BaO, BaO–Fe2O3, Cu2O–BaO–Fe2O3) were used. Based on the results of the simulation, the coordinates of the points of nonvariant transformations in the systems under study are defined. The obtained results on the thermodynamic modeling of the coordinates of the liquidus lines of the phase diagrams of the binary systems Cu2O–BaO, Cu2O–Fe2O3, BaO–Fe2O3 were compared with disparate small literary data for the systems under study. In the course of the work, the areas of existence of barium ferrites in the ternary oxide system Cu2O–BaO–Fe2O3 were determined for the first time. Also isotherms are constructed on the full projection of the liquidus surface of the phase diagram of the Cu2O–BaO–Fe2O3 system. The modeling method allowed to estimate the enthalpy, temperature and entropy of melting of compounds BaO with copper (I) oxide (BaCu2O2); with iron (III) oxide (Ba3Fe2O6, Ba2Fe2O5, BaFe2O4, BaFe12O19). The data obtained during the work will be necessary for the development of technological conditions for the synthesis of the barium hexaferrite monocrystals, in the crystal lattice of which part of the iron cations is replaced by copper ions.


In the state-owned enterprise reorganization,the phenomenon of audit and the property appraisal dislocation shows in a variety way,including the confirmation of asset reorganization before restructuring and confirmation of unlisted assets.Its negative role influences directly the quality of information,order of capital market,decision-making of oversight bodies and social credibility of property appraisal.Based on the analysis of what leads to the dislocation,this paper provides a personal view which is help to decipher the question of the audit and the property appraisal dislocation in the state-owned enterprise reorganization.The key point of the solution is to strengthen the management quality of intermediaries and to improve the management level of oversight bodies.


Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted tremendous scientific interests owing to their potential of solving the zero band-gap issue of graphene. In this work, the research areas and technology evolutionary dynamics of the 2D materials were identified using the scientometric method focusing on keyword mapping and clustering. The time-series analysis showed that the technological progress of 2D material is in the early growth period. The overlay mapping analysis were carried out to investigate the technology evolution of 2D materials with time. The strategic diagram of co-word analysis classifying the topological positions of keyword was derived to support the analysis results. It is conjectured that extensive research will be conducted widely on the application of 2D materials not only in electronic and optoelectronic devices, but also in various other fields such as biomedical applications, and that their development will be more rapid based on accumulated results of extant graphene research.


As a sequel to the author's and Conolly and Choo's articles, this paper further investigates the effects of positive correlation between the underlying processes in queueing models. Having established that the waiting time distribution is hyperexponential for a certain service interarrival joint density, we examined the sensitivity of this distribution to the value of the correlation coefficient r0 <r < 1. Since the extreme cases of r = 0 conventional models and r = 1 have long been known, we are able to illustrate the convergence of the waiting time density and respective moments to their limiting values.


Shanghai soft X-ray free-electron laser facility (SXFEL) is the first coherent X-ray light source in China with the shortest wavelength down to 2 nm. SXFEL is based on a 1.5 GeV C-band linac, including one seeded FEL line, one self-amplified spontaneous emission FEL line and five experimental stations. The development of SXFEL is in two stages, the test facility SXFEL-TF and the user facility SXFEL-UF. SXFEL-TF is based on a 0.84 GeV linac, aiming to master the key technologies of a cascaded FEL with high gain harmonic generation (HGHG) and echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) scheme. Meanwhile, the object of SXFEL-UF is to start user operation at the end of 2019. This paper presents the design, construction and commissioning status of SXFEL. © 2019, Chinese Lasers Press. All right reserved.


Nowadays real-time global illumination techniques have notice increasing interest and robust progress towards many-light rendering. which are based on rendering large amounts of virtual point lights (VPLs), and generate low noise images covering a wide scale of performance and quality targets. One of the popular one is instant radiosity IR that deal with indirect lighting, as part of global illumination, by creating additional light sources, unfortunately it is inefficient at representing glossy light transport. This paper describes an algorithm that provides real-time walkthrough for globally illuminated scenes that based on IR algorithms which builds upon this algorithm, a technique to efficiently compute several complex illumination effects in order to achieve high quality rendering at a lower cost provide a fast and smoother global illumination in which the computational effort is heavily reduced, resulting in rendering speedups of up to 50%


APPARATUS FOR TESTING AN IMPLANT (3) BONDED TO BONE (4) of a human subject or animal comprises CANTILEVER LIGHTNING (1) releasably attached to the implant. BEAM CARRYING A TRANSDUCER (5) to drive the beam (1) with a signal AC VARIABLE FREQUENCY; And a transducer (6) to detect the resonance frequency of the beam. The detected frequency is used to assess the degree of fixation of the implant (3) TO THE BONE (4).


Thank you for downloading after modern art 1945 2000. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite novels like this after modern art 1945 2000, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer. after modern art 1945 2000 is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the after modern art 1945 2000 is universally compatible with any devices to read.


In order to realize the detection of bridge cable defects, we conducted research on bridge cable climbing robot, developed a strong climbing ability and high mobility climbing snake-like robot, which is suitable for bridge cable automatic defect detection. It consists of modules with a single degree of freedom, the number of modules can flexible increased or decreased to realize manually reconstructed according to the cable's feature. The Ultra Torque servo, lightweight aluminum mechanical components and high coefficient of friction skin in the module, enhance the robot's climbing ability. The robot can effectively complete cable climbing and testing operations because of the modules which combined orthogonal connection with P-R connection. Design a master-slave distributed multi-level closed-loop motion control system, with battery-powered and torque limit been introduced, which enhance the robot's mobility and ability to adapt to the environment. Cable-imitate climbing experimental results prove that the robot has powerful mobility and climbing ability.


buttressed only by the critical assertions of other likeminded critical theorists, than it does the careful construction of an argument through methodical exposition and case study that might persuade the unpersuaded. Make no mistake—this is no easy read, even for those with some background in and sympathy for the questions at issue. Yet if Paupp's argumentation is occasionally opaque, repetitive, and circular, the reader is motivated to persevere due to discovery of the many gems found along the way, often buried deep within the book. For Western human rights scholars and lawyers in particular, the book should help to stimulate important "out of the box" thinking about the nature of the international human rights regime, its many blind spots, and its relationship to prevailing constellations of power: How does the human rights regime address or fail to address the most acute forms of human suffering on the planet today? How well does it respond to threats posed by globalization, threats that transcend the state-centric paradigms of the past? Why does the human rights regime roundly condemn discrete acts of physical violence while seeming largely oblivious to questions of structural violence that may involve equal if not greater harm and suffering? These are questions of central importance to the future of human rights. Unless they are taken up and examined with greater urgency, the philosophy and ideology of mainstream liberal human rights risks sinking into irrelevancy in the face of twenty-first century threats. Paupp's book cannot pretend to fully answer these and other questions. But it might at least convince some readers to take these questions more seriously. While a modest advance, that would still be an important step in the realization of the rights to peace and development.


Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) refers to a type of pneumonia that occurs more than 48–72 hours after endotracheal intubation. Risk factors include prolonged mechanical ventilation, reintubation after extubation. Our aim was to find the incidence of VAP, total days of mechanical ventilation, days of ICU and hospital stay at our institution, proportion of various bacterial pathogens isolated from tracheal aspirate of patients with VAP and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.


on the hotly debated question of the identity of bovine and human tuberculosis. So many distinguished authorities are to be found on either side that, both in Germany and in Great Britain, Royal Commissions have been appointed to re-investigate the whole question. Amongst some of the more important contributions are those by Professor Koch,1 "The Fight against Tuberculosis in the Light ftf the Experience that has been Gained in the Successful Combat of other Infectious Diseases ;" Professor Hueppe2 on " Bovine and Human Tuber-


In the process chamber, a controller, and a surface processing tool having at least one device for adjusting the process parameters in the chamber, discloses a method for etching a material from the deposition and / or a substrate material on a substrate. The method includes identifying a defined subset of the process parameters indicated that a controller for instructing the at least one device in accordance with a series of adjustment steps, and each control step is performed by at least one device, the at least one adjustment step , wherein during the step duration of the indicated one or more devices for performing a defined set of predetermined process parameters, and a controller including at least the chamber pressure and gas flow rate through the chamber, the duration is the process of step It is less than the gas residence time (T


Computer simulation for prediction of the grain size in aluminum ingots using artificial neural networks is presented in this work. A feed forward neural network model with back-propagation learning algorithm and regularization has been developed to predict the grain size in the microstructure of AA5251 aluminum ingots. Both casting speed and temperature, meniscus level, master alloy AlTi5B1 addition in the form of ingots, speed of master alloy AlTi5B1 addition in a form of wire and cooling water flow are taken as casting process parameters. The artificial neural network was trained on data measured during the vertical DC (direct-chill) casting process, to be able to describe complex dependencies between the microstructure and casting parameters. The results of simulations show satisfactory agreement with the practical experience.


Introduction: Many locations on Mars with mineral assemblages consisting of phyllosilicates, sulfates, and hydrated silica have been identified using the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's (MRO) Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) and the Mars Express's (MEx) Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activité (OMEGA) data [1-3]. With our current understanding of hydrothermal alteration and Martian mineralogy, there are some areas on Mars that show putative hydrothermal characteristics, such as Gusev Crater's Home Plate [48], Nili Patera [9], Noctis Labyrinthus [10, 11], and Eastern Coprates Chasma [12]. Proper characterization of mineralogy is an essential part of geologic interpretation. Hydrothermal alteration products often exist in intimate mixtures, and vary widely across a site due to differing pH, temperature, and fluid/gas chemistries. These characteristics require that we develop a detailed understanding regarding the environmental controls on resultant mineral mixtures, and how these various combinations appear in different instrument data sets. Mars rovers carry with them a wide range of analytical tools to aid in the interpretation of Mars' geologic history. However, many instruments are best suited to detect specific materials, and may miss others. Often, multiple instruments must be utilized to develop a comprehensive understanding of a sample. If we want to search for signs of ancient life on Mars, one likely target is relict hydrothermal systems. Hydrothermal systems are highly variable on the fine scale, and must be assessed in-situ to provide confident interpretations. Therefore, it is vital that we improve our understanding of alteration processes and products, as well as our interpretative capabilities using instrumentation onboard current and future spacecraft. Methodology: An initial site survey field campaign for Poás and Turrialba volcanoes (chosen for their compositional similarities to TES surface measurements and Pathfinder APXS data, respectively) was conducted in November 2013. 130 in-situ VNIR samples and 58 hand samples were gathered on Poás and Turrialba volcanoes, focusing on areas with active fumaroles, areas of prior fumarolic activity, and areas in the current acidic steam cloud. Sample collection included all visible mineralogical variations, based on color and texture. The field-portable VNIR spectrometers utilized in this study are the TerraSpec4 high resolution reflectance spectrometer, and the TerraSpec Halo Gun from Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD), Inc. in Boulder, Colorado. The XRD utilized in this study is the Terra XRD – a field portable analog for the CheMin XRD, developed in 2007. Laboratory Raman analysis will be conducted using the Horiba LabRAM HR Evolution Raman Microscope-Spectrometer via both single point analysis, and DuoScan composition mapping across a field of view. VNIR and XRD data were gathered for each of the returned hand samples and matched to known library samples to determine the mineralogical composition of each specimen. Raman analysis is currently in progress, and will be completed in January 2016. Results: Instrumentation. As expected, phyllosilicates were more easily identified in VNIR spectra than in XRD patterns due to their often poorly crystalline structure. Conversely, elemental sulfur is easily seen in XRD and Raman spectra due to its crystalline nature and high level of Raman reactivity. The strong sulfur signal may often overpower those of other materials within the same sample.


It is a welcome song for a new bride. This song is performed at marriage ceremonies. The song talks about a beautiful girl who gets married in a different home area. The groom's family then thanks the family of the bride. The song ends when stressing about the beauty of the bride.


drainage. If multiple abscesses are present, the larger lesions should be drained percutaneously. Older adults with pyogenic liver abscess generally have outcomes similar to those of younger adults. Their hospital stay may be longer, and they are more likely to have multiple comorbidities. Older adults with pyogenic liver abscesses are more likely to have a biliary disorders or an underlying malignancy, whereas younger adults with pyogenic liver abscesses are more likely to be male and to have right upper quadrant tenderness, alcoholism, and a cryptogenic etiology. The diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess is challenging because of its vague presenting symptoms and signs and nonspecific laboratory findings. Intraabdominal infections such as diverticulitis and appendicitis can also cause liver abscesses. Right upper quadrant tenderness occurs less frequently in older than in the young adults with pyogenic liver abscesses despite the higher frequency of biliary disorders in older adults. This man's presentation with hypotension, leukocytosis, and delirium and his ineffective, prolonged course of antibiotics were important additional features that were noted.


Acknowledging that wage inequality and intergenerational mobility are strongly interrelated, this paper presents a model in which both are jointly determined. The model enables us to study how inequality and mobility are a¤ected by exogenous changes and what determines their correlation. A main implication of the model is that di¤erences in the amount of public subsidies to education and educational quality produce cross-country patterns with a negative correlation between inequality and mobility. Di¤erences in the labor market, like di¤erences in skill-biased technology or wage compression instead produce a positive correlation. The predictions of the model are found to be consistent with various empirical observations on mobility and inequality. We thank Omer Moav and Fabrizio Zilibotti for very useful comments on previous drafts. We also thank the referees and the editor of this journal for important suggestions and criticisms. yJohn Hassler: IIES and CEPR; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. zUniversity of Southampton, UPF and CEPR. Email: email@example.com xHebrew University of Jerusalem and CEPR. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.


This paper proposes a superresolution two-dimensional (2D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm for a rectangular array based on the optimization of the atomic l0 norm and a series of relaxation formulations. The atomic l0 norm of the array response describes the minimum number of sources, which is derived from the atomic norm minimization (ANM) problem. However, the resolution is restricted and high computational complexity is incurred by using ANM for 2D angle estimation. Although an improved algorithm named decoupled atomic norm minimization (DAM) has a reduced computational burden, the resolution is still relatively low in terms of angle estimation. To overcome these limitations, we propose the direct minimization of the atomic l0 norm, which is demonstrated to be equivalent to a decoupled rank optimization problem in the positive semidefinite (PSD) form. Our goal is to solve this rank minimization problem and recover two decoupled Toeplitz matrices in which the azimuth-elevation angles of interest are encoded. Since rank minimization is an NP-hard problem, a novel sparse surrogate function is further proposed to effectively approximate the two decoupled rank functions. Then, the new optimization problem obtained through the above relaxation can be implemented via the majorization-minimization (MM) method. The proposed algorithm offers greatly improved resolution while maintaining the same computational complexity as the DAM algorithm. Moreover, it is possible to use a single snapshot for angle estimation without prior information on the number of sources, and the algorithm is robust to noise due to its iterative nature. In addition, the proposed surrogate function can achieve local convergence faster than existing functions.


Scholarship on student activism in Africa has tended to be understood according to broader historical periodizations of elite African politics. This has largely been because of student activists' historical claims to be 'aspirant elites' (Cruise O'Brien 2003: 172). As such, scholars have explored student activists' role in anti-colonial nationalism in the mid-twentieth century, anti-structural adjustment and democratization protests since the late 1980s, and more recently in the resurgence of 'Fallist' student protests in South Africa (Nyamnjoh 2016; Booysen 2016; Heffernan et al. 2016). This special issue challenges these periodizations by exploring the histories of student activism during the era of decolonization immediately before and after independence. As the articles in this special issue demonstrate, unlike the first generation of nationalist leaders who had refined their emancipatory anticolonial politics on campuses abroad, African students in the era of decolonization did so through geographies that spanned both foreign institutions and newly created African universities. Inspired by Marxist-Leninism and Pan-African solidarity, these students often came to embrace transformational revolutionary politics during their university experiences. In many instances, their own expectations and political activities would come to challenge, upset and dramatically contest the designs of newly independent African states. The articles collected in this special issue, and first presented at a workshop entitled 'Student Activism Reconsidered' at the University of Oxford in July 2016, seek to develop understandings of African student activism during this critical period by revisiting postcolonial Africa's first student protests and experiences of university life.Manyof the debates that these students initiated on campuswould come, in subsequent decades, to be rearticulated on the national political stage through former students who went into prominent public positions or who set up or entered governing or opposition parties. As such, appreciating the ideas, behaviours and dreams that these people adopted during their university experiences can provide important insights into how they responded, as professionals and political leaders, to the challenges of economic crisis, structural adjustment and increasingly repressive authoritarian rule in the 1980s and 1990s. From its inception as a form of subjectivity, African university studenthood gave its members a 'cosmopolitan mobility' over social and spatial orders that opened up a new sense of political possibility (Ivaska 2018). Aside from Fourah


In the framework of the Habsburg Empire and its aftermath the role of many cities changed several times. Some of them, like Lemberg or Czernowitz, were regional capitals of duchies and seats of parliaments, after the collapse of the empire they played a new increasing "national" role in just re-built or expanded nations, but loosing their status. Others, thanks to political agreements during the life of the monarchy, changed rank and got a strong upgrade, like Budapest and Zagreb. The most important change happened to the Hungarian city. In 1867, after the "Compromise" and the official birth of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, Transleitania - the Hungarian part of the Empire - launched an ambitious project of the material and symbolic re-design of its newly established capital city, Budapest, operated by the Municipal Board of Public Works. By 1896 the capital was ready: the Millennial Exhibition was to demonstrate the development of the Hungarian nation. After 1918, like Vienna, Budapest became an overgrown and oversized capital city, disproportioned to the country, but in few years it re-shaped itself as thermal city, emphasizing a historical tradition and finding a new destiny. In 1918 Gellert Furdő opened: promoted by the Municipal Board of Public Works, it was the biggest thermal plant in Budapest, combined with a luxury Grand Hotel. Between 1927 and 1931 the Szecheny Thermal Baths in the City Park were doubled. In 1929 the Hungarian Parliament delivered a new specific act about spa treatments, setting up the National Commission of Spa, based in Budapest, and highlighting the economical benefits thanks the mix of spa treatments and tourism. In the thirties Budapest becomes a well known centre of spa tourism: the total amount of visitors increased ten times, allowing to crown the city as Ville d'eaux in the advertising and to organize there, in 1937, the International Congress of Spas. In this social, historical and political framework the Gellert Furdő es Szalloda, designed by Artur Sebestyen, Armin Hegedűs and Izidor Sterk played a great role: object of a competition published on the architectural magazines showing all the entries, it appears in its late Secession glory in all the short movies by Pathe or other Film Companies as a major place in Budapest, a city described as the most important health resort in Europe.


S de Kivit, E Saeland, AD Kraneveld. Allergy. 2012;67(3):343–352

To investigate whether galectin-9 has a role in the mechanism of suppression of allergic skin reactions and mast cell degranulation induced by dietary synbiotics.

Three-week-old specific pathogen-free C3H/HeOuJ mice were studied in a cow's milk allergy model with or without a probiotic or prebiotic. Ninety human infants with atopic dermatitis were studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial in which they received a hydrolyzed formula with or without synbiotics.

Mice were sensitized orally to whey …


Abstract : The development of several adaptive internal structures concepts is described that are aimed towards enabling adaptive static aeroelastic shape control of an aircraft wing in flight. It is shown how changes in the position, orientation and stiffness of the internal wing structure can be used to change the bending and torsion stiffness properties of a wing, and hence the control of the aerodynamic performance, in particular the lift and drag characteristics. Two approaches that implement the adaptive internal structures technology are described, based upon the rotation and chordwise translation of the spars. Following the description of conceptual studies to illustrate the concepts, the design, manufacture and testing of two wind tunnel models is described. The experimental results were found to show good agreement with static and dynamic aeroelastic behaviour predictions from Finite Element models. The feasibility of implementing the adaptive internal structures approach on full-size aircraft is discussed.


In this paper, we describe a hybrid circuit and electromagnetic simulation technique for the electrostatic discharge (ESD) events induced by the discharge current injected into a printed circuit board (PCB). First, a circuit simulation is performed to estimate the currents which are used as input excitations in the subsequent full-wave simulation. Next, the computational domain without an ESD generator and a ground strap is analysed by means of the full-wave simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The proposed method can reduce the computational cost significantly because we perform the FDTD simulation only for the reduced domain, which is much smaller than the whole domain. The adequacy of the proposed method is verified by comparing it with an existing circuit-based simulation technique and measurements.


This report describes a case of Vogt Koyanagi Harada Disease (VKH) in a 44-year-old male with metastatic gastric carcinoma who presented with sudden onset headache and decreased vision. The patient was treated with first-line standard therapy for stage IV HER2-positive gastric adenocarcinoma and was on maintenance trastuzumab and pembrolizumab for seven months before developing new symptoms. His VKH was diagnosed after multiple imaging and a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. The patient's vision and headaches improved with theinitiation of corticosteroid therapy. Although immunotherapy wasdiscontinued,trastuzumab was continuedwith close ophthalmology follow-up. He remains in stable conditiondespitehis cancer. It is critical to consider and recognize immunotherapy-relatedophthalmologic complications immediately, even if they are rare, considering theirimplications. Corticosteroids remain the first-line organ-saving therapy.


Using EEG we studied the time course of the alcohol-effect on the traffic signal recognition. Results demonstrated the enhanced delta power of EEG in alcoholics. At 30 min after the ingestion of a moderate dose of alcohol, the accurate recognition rate for the traffic signal by alcohol-dependent subjects was significantly worse than controls.


If one party has another's property in their care, custody or control, at common law a duty of care for that property will exist under what is known as 'bailment'. If a charge or fee is levied the relationship becomes that of 'bailee for reward'. This is important as generally a higher duty of care is needed when a party is acting as a bailee for reward as against bailment where no money is exchanged.


Previously, we showed that the antimicrobial cationic and amphipathic octadecapeptide AmyI‐1‐18 from rice α‐amylase (AmyI‐1) inhibited the endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli. In addition, we demonstrated that several AmyI‐1‐18 analogs containing arginine or leucine substitutions, which were designed on the basis of the helical wheel projection of AmyI‐1‐18, exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microorganisms than AmyI‐1‐18. In the present study, anti‐inflammatory (anti‐endotoxic) activities of five AmyI‐1‐18 analogs containing arginine or leucine substitutions were investigated. Two single arginine‐substituted and two single leucine‐substituted AmyI‐1‐18 analogs inhibited the production of LPS‐induced nitric oxide in mouse macrophages (RAW264) more effectively than AmyI‐1‐18. These data indicate that enhanced cationic and hydrophobic properties of AmyI‐1‐18 are associated with improved anti‐endotoxic activity. In subsequent chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate assays, 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the three AmyI‐1‐18 analogs (G12R, D15R, and E9L) were 0.11–0.13 μm, indicating higher anti‐endotoxic activity than that of AmyI‐1‐18 (IC50, 0.22 μm), and specific LPS binding activity. In agreement, surface plasmon resonance analyses confirmed direct LPS binding of three AmyI‐1‐18 analogs. In addition, AmyI‐1‐18 analogs exhibited little or no cytotoxic activity against RAW264 cells, indicating that enhancements of anti‐inflammatory and LPS‐neutralizing activities following replacement of arginine or leucine did not result in significant increases in cytotoxicity. This study shows that the arginine‐substituted and leucine‐substituted AmyI‐1‐18 analogs with improved anti‐endotoxic and antimicrobial activities have clinical potential as dual‐function host defense agents. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


To the Editor: Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic relapsing multisystem vasculitis of unknown origin. Although the definitive cause of BD is not known, various immunological disorders induced by specific microbial agents or environmental factors in genetically susceptible subjects have been proposed (1). It is well documented that some microorganisms, particularly viruses, can trigger a number of vasculitic diseases by immune complexes. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been implicated in the etiology of Behçet's disease and the subject of some investigations. However, no firm relationship has been established so far. An estimated 200 million people are infected worldwide. HCV infects mononuclear cells and is associated with some immunologic abnormalities. It affects not only the liver, but may have effects on various non-hepatic tissues in some patients. A number of these extra-hepatic manifestations have already been recognized (1) and many of these associated syndromes implicate HCV as a mediator of autoimmunity or of immune complex formation. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of HCV in Behçet's patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and HCV-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to investigate whether there is a link between the two diseases. Behçet's patients followed up at the Department of Dermatology of Haseki Hospital (Istanbul) were recruited into the study during their routine monthly follow-up visits to the BD clinic. Exclusion criteria were previous blood transfusion history, drug abuse, or interferon treatment. A total of 50 patients, meeting the criteria of the International Behçet's Disease Study Group, were included. Independent factors studied were demographics (age, gender, duration of disease) and clinical course of the disease. The control group was selected from age compatible healthy blood donors. Those who had symptoms suggestive of BD (aphtous lesions, genital ulcers, erythema nodosum etc) were excluded from the control group. Informed consent was taken from patients, and those refusing to take part in this study were also excluded. Sera obtained from the study and control groups were tested for Anti-HCV by ELISA (Innotest, HCV-Ab IV, Innogenetics, Belgium), and for HCV-RNA by (RT-PCR) reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (Cobas Amplicor HCV 2.0, Roche Diagnostic Systems, Bunchburg, NJ, USA). The RT-HCV test permits simultaneous reverse transcription and PCR amplification of HCV target and HCV internal control target RNA. The master mix reagent contains a primer pair specific for both HCV and HCV internal control RNA. The age distribution of the study group was 18–58 years, and the median age was 35 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.08 (24/26). Median duration of disease was 6 The Journal of Dermatology Vol. 31: 442–443, 2004


The method of digital image understanding of KMnO_4 solutions with different concentrations is introduced in this paper.It is used to the understanding of KMnO_4 solutions in the media of standard sand.This method is cheaper and easier compared to the other kinds of solute transport experiments.Gaussian template is used to smooth the digital images in order to get better accuracy.This experiment provides an easy and effective method of concentration measurement for the column transport experiment.


High-resolution measurements of the C 1s photoelectron spectrum of ethyne (acetylene) at photon energies between 297 and 348thinspthinspeV have been analyzed to give the energy dependence of the relative cross sections for ionization of the 1{sigma}{sub g} and 1{sigma}{sub u} orbitals. The 1{sigma}{sup {minus}1}{sub u}/1{sigma}{sup {minus}1}{sub g} intensity ratio is greater than 1 at the lowest photon energies but reaches a minimum of about 0.6 between 315 and 320thinspthinspeV. These results can be understood in terms of the effect of shape resonance on the ionization cross section and provide quantitative information on the position and magnitude of such resonances. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}


Purpose: of this paper is to raise the issue of recognition of dangerous states in human pelvic bone. These states can lead to damages of bone. Design/methodology/approach: consist of using the images from quantitative computed tomography (QCT). On the base of obtained data the numerical model of pelvic bone was created. Very important stage it was determination the values of material parameters. In the paper two methods were described. The first method directly basis on the data from radiology. In regard to difficulties with tomography data the second method was applied – the numerical simulations. The computer program was developed to obtain distribution of material parameters in numerical model of pelvic bone on the base of decreasing of bone mass. Findings: of the paper is that when decreasing of bone mass occurs in whole bone the stresses grow up continuously at the time. When decreasing of bone mass appears in individual region only the stresses decrease at the beginning and next increase while the bone mass still decrease. It could be one of the reason of lack of the symptoms in primary stage of osteoporosis. Research limitations/implications: are connected with accessibility of data from QCT. During QCT the bone system as well as density phantom are X-rayed simultaneously. On the base of standard density coming from the phantom the calibration curve is drown. Practical implications: it is the proposed procedure which facilitate the detection of risky state in pelvic bone. Originality/value: of researches consist in complex approach to problem of osteoporosis in human pelvic bone and applying the numerical simulations to create the numerical model of pelvic bone with osteoporotical changes.


Many techniques for text-based retrieval and automatic annotation of music and sound effects rely on learning with explicit generalization, training individual classifiers for each tag. Non-parametric approaches, where queries are individually compared to training instances, can provide added flexibility, both in terms of robustness to shifts in database content and support for foreign queries, such as concepts not yet included in the database. In this paper, we build upon prior work in designing an ontological framework for annotation and retrieval of environmental sounds, where shortest paths are used to navigate a network containing edges that represent content-based similarity, semantic similarity, and user tagging data. We evaluate novel techniques for ordering query results using weights of both shortest paths and minimum cost paths of specified lengths, pruning outbound edges by nodes' K nearest neighbors, and adjusting edge weights depending on type (acoustic, semantic, or user tagging). We evaluate these methods both through traditional cross-validation and through simulation of live systems containing a complete collection of sounds and tags but incomplete tagging data.


For many centuries, the Desert Locust has been seen as a major threat to the agro-pastoral resources in the world's most warm and temperate climates, including South of the Sahara. Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal, 1775), in the Acrididae family and Cyrtacanthacridinae subfamily has always been the most feared. Its first written presence was over 3000 years ago, it has especially been noted in sacred books (Torah, Bible and Koran). The plague of this phytophagous can be extremely destructive and cause substantial losses to crops and pastures. Many confirm that although intermittent, the locust ravages span from the Middle Ages to the present. The population dynamics of this Trans-boundary pest alternate during periods of recession (solitary phase), upsurge, outbreak (transient phase) and plague (gregarious phase). In recession, the locust remains dispersed: in a solitary or transient form, with the possibility of reproduction in restricted areas to less than 40% of the plague area and covering the desert areas ranging from West Africa to Southwest Asia, the area of breeding has reached about 13.6 million km2. In case of plague, it threatens about 60 countries, agriculture and grazing, including some of the world's poorest. These countries cover a total area of more than 31 million km2, nearly 25% of the land inhabited by a tenth of the world's population. The range of the locust breeding area is divided into three regions: Western, Central and Eastern. The exchange of populations between the various parties and different areas of the same sub-region are numerous and frequent, especially between East Africa and West Africa. They are seasonal and regular between the Saharan-Sahelian zones of Africa and the Northwest. Since 1860, eight periods of plague have succeeded, with durations ranging from 3 to 22 years. In addition, over the last 40 years, four major outbreaks were observed: 1968, 1987/88, 1993-95 and the last in 2003-05 in the western region. The results of an independent evaluation of this last outbreak shows that in the Sahel, over 8 million people have suffered from the plague while agricultural losses have affected 80-100% of the expected crop. The plague has made the long-term food security of local people even more uncertain. Increasing poverty and vulnerability of populations, already, living in precarious conditions. International coordination for this plague was made on behalf of countries and the United Nations by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), which has a group and an information and forecasting service dedicated to this activity and three regional commissions. To be effective in prevention, countries of the recession area must maintain an institution that is consistently vigilant, well-equipped with material and qualified human resources. In our western region (Sahel-Maghreb), most countries have developed, established and maintained institutional structures while adapting preventative control methods. This can be attributed to the anti-locust policy initiated by the Locust Commission in charge of the coordination in Western Region (CLCPRO) as well as to all their countries members, their strong determination in addition to continued solidarity between them and the support of their partners: World Bank, African Development Bank, France, Food and Agriculture Organization, the Emergency Prevention System (EMPRES), USAID, Japan, etc. However, further constraints to overcome for the full implementation remain. Particularly in some front line Sahelian countries, including insufficiency of budget and security problems in the gregarious and breeding areas. As an example: Mauritania, which is a sahelian country, shelter many permanent habitats and outbreaks areas of the Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Since the 1950's, a preventative control strategy was progressively applied in various organizational and operational forms, in particular by the OCLALAV, a regional locust control organization. The Mauritanian government began to take over the responsibility for Desert Locust survey and control in 1980. A specialized national unit in charge of early warning and early control operations was created in 1989, then transformed into a National Anti-locust Center in 1995 and finally upgraded as an autonomous institution since 2006. Mohamed Abdallahi Ebbe


On the basis of the various working states at the different engaged points of running gearing,this essay analyzes the lubricated states and the minimum thickness of oil film under different loads and at different rotational speeds,and discusses the best methods when the gearing is at work.


By expanding the rectangular function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions,the propagation of Hermit-Gaussian beams through an apertured optical ABCD system is studied in the rectangular coordinates system,and approximate analytical propagation formulas of Hermit-Gaussian beams are derived and the signification of physics of expanded form is illuminated.As an application example,numerical calculations have been performed for the Hermit-Gaussian beams by an apertured lens.The calculation was made with two sets of data and their results were compared to those of the diffracted integral.The result shows that our method can improve the calculation efficiency and the data updates is better than reference data.


Transparent conducting indium tin oxide(ITO) thin films were deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering on quartz substrates,under the identical deposition conditions but with different time(30,10 min).The as-deposited films were annealed at 400 ℃ for 1 h in air.The optical and electrical properties of the films were investigated.The optical constants and thickness were retrieved by all measurement data of the normal incidence transmittance which were measured by spectrophotometer.The carrier concentration,carrier mobility and resistivity of the films were measured by Van der Pauw method.It is found that post-deposition annealing had great influence on the optical and electrical properties of the films.Annealing in air resulted in a shift of the absorption edge to a longer wavelength,and enhanced the optical transmission in the visible region.But the electrical properties of as-deposited films were better than that of annealed samples.


The subject of this article is the emigration of German-speaking communication researchers after 1933 to the US and other countries. The article focuses on Zeitungswissenschaft (newspaper studies) in Weimar Germany and its lost works. Lost, because some of the most brilliant protagonists of this new academic field, which was first established in 1918 at the University of Leipzig, were refugees from Nazi Germany. Often, they were not able to enter an international setting of communication science due to the ruptures in their lives and careers. Their books have not been translated. These theoretical approaches were mainly of sociological impact and far from simple stimulus-response models. The Third Reich, with its aims of propaganda and lack of scientific relevance in the field, marked an end-point to a very innovative process-oriented way of thinking in early communication science in Germany. Most of the protagonists of this new thinking emigrated: for example, the sociologists Karl Mannheim and Ernest Manheim, the communication researchers Walter Auerbach and Gerhard Münzner. This article outlines the theoretical background of early communication science in Germany and the context of racist and political persecution and emigration as a social and intellectual breakdown of this science. Actually, this breakdown gains new interest in the German academic community; the past of German communication science and its very dark sides have become topics of discussion and research.


The Zempoala Lagoons National Park is a natural protected area located in the limits of the states of Morelos and Mexico, where a 20 m tall overripe sacred fir was selected to study the distribution of bark beetles, as well as the presence of their natural enemies at various stem heights. The foliage of the individual has a color ranging from yellow to red, which is characteristic of attack by these organisms. Beetles were collected from the phloem and the cambium of previously extracted 10 x 10 cm bark sections. The identified species were Pseudohylesinus variegatus and Pityophthorus elatinus; the former infested the tree from the base to a height of 7 m, and the latter, from 8 m up to 20 m. The average density was 10.57 ind m -2 , below the stem height of 15.16 m; above this point, the accumulation of Scolytidae increased to an average of 222 ind m -2 . The identified natural enemies included the entomopathogenous fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana; the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis, and parasitoids belonging to the Pteromalidae family.


The radial and vertical variation in wood basic density and gross caloric value of Quercus acutissima,Quercus aliena,Quercus variabilis and Castanea sequinii in Fagaceae were analyzed.The results indicated that,there were extremely significant differences both in wood basic density and gross caloric value of interaction between tree species and height or ring age among and within tree species,but the difference in vertical gross caloric value was not significant.The radial variation pattern of wood basic density decreased gradually from pith to bark,while the vertical variation patterns in wood basic density were different among the species.The radial variation pattern of gross caloric value was same to wood basic density,but the vertical variation pattern was that the gross caloric value increased with height.Regression analysis indicated that polynomial equation was described for the trend of wood basic density and gross caloric value with ring age.


Self Portrait as Time Traveller' is one of a suite of drawings that responds to the work 'Kangaroo Stalking' by S.T.Gill. It also plays with certain ideas or problems in the depiction of landscape more broadly. The work plays on an old spatial illusion or trick of photography(think tourists at the Leaning Tower of Pisa). Maybe the trick works temporally as well as spatially or at least fails equally to convince us in both dimensions.


Objective To observe effect of Calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplementation on pregnancy women.Methods Supplement Group:24 late pregnancy women had taken Caltrate D(1 tablet/day)from pregnancy 28 weeeks to parturition.Control Group:11 late pregnancy women had taken no calcium and vitamin D supplementation at the same time.Serum Ca,P,AKP,BGP,25(OH)D 3,urinary HOP/Cr,Ca/Cr and crosslaps/Cr were measured.Results (1)In Supplement Group serum Ca,P,BGP,25(OH)D 3 were higher significantly before parturition than one before pregnancy 28 weeks.However,in Control Group there were no significant change.(2)In Supplement Group urinary HOP/Cr and Ca/Cr were decreased significantly after supplementation.(3)Urinary crosslaps/Cr in Supplement Group was lower significantly than one in Control Group on 42 days after parturition.(4)In both groups serum AKP were higher significantly before parturition than one before pregnancy 28 weeks.Conclusions Calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplementation can significantly promote bone formation,press bone absorption and increase.Serum Ca and P during pregnancy.


The reliability and protection of power grids are considered a priority within the national security systems since it is an essential element of a more comprehensive and interdependent network of highly critical physical and Information technology (IT) infrastructures. In the preparation of a safety plan for power grids, it is worth noting that they could be potentially affected by several natural events with potential global impact. Among the others, the events related to the Sun and the Space Weather (SW) must be considered since they can result in both physical (geomagnetic disturbances) and virtual (effects due to the collapse of the telecommunications system and Global Navigation Satellite Systems – GNSS – satellite systems). Natural events related to the Sun could interfere with or harm, in a different way, the various components of the power grid or result in early aging. In this study dealing with the Italian case, a method has been proposed to assess how the effects of SW events can be put in relation to the faults of the power grid.


A FORTRAN code to evaluate binary reaction rates (sigmav) for a plasma to a specified accuracy is described. Distribution functions permitted are (1) two Maxwellian species at different temperatures, (2) beam-Maxwellian, (3) cold gas with Maxwellian, and (4) beam-plasma with mirror distribution of the form f(v) varies as f(v) M (cos theta). Several functional forms are permitted for f(v) and M(cos theta). Cross-section subroutines for a number of interactions involving hydrogen, helium, and electrons are included, as is a routine allowing input of numerical data. The code is written as a subroutine to allow ready incorporation into larger plasma codes.


Dear Editor, I read with interest H.C. Kitchener's recent editorial 'HPV primary cervical screening: time for a change.' Although this editorial acknowledges the UK Cervical Screening Programme as 'an exemplar,' one which has reduced cervical cancer deaths between 1988 and 2014 by almost twothirds, discordant data which should raise questions about the ability of primary HPV screening at extended intervals to effectively sustain the accomplishments of cytology-based screening are not acknowledged. Although Dr Kitchener restates Walboomers' often-cited assertion that HPV genomic material is present 'in virtually 100% of cervical cancers,' no acknowledgement is given to other more recent qualifying reports, for example, that 254 out of 682 (37%) international cervical adenocarcinoma tissues did not contain detectible carcinogenic HPV DNA or that over 10% of US tumour registry cervical cancer tissues did not contain HPV genotypes detectible by currently available HPV screening tests. These last observations are more consistent with studies of over 900 cervical cancer samples which document that around 10% of cervical cancers will yield negative HPV screening test results. Even more troubling, given the extended screening intervals being promoted now for primary HPV screening, are reports of even higher rates of baseline negative HPV test results (23–42%) in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer over extended follow-up periods. One cited study, (co-authored by Kitchener), reported that only 11 of 19 cervical cancers diagnosed 2.5–8 years after the onset of four European trials had baseline positive HPV test results. Therefore, 8 of 19 (42%) presumably tested HPV-negative. Unfortunately, this worrisome observation is largely obscured by a large table 2 dataset and minimal discussion on the following page of the article. Kitchener's editorial further discusses this study, stating that '(cervical) cancer rates were similar until 2.5 years of follow-up but thereafter HPV-based screening provided 60–70% greater protection against cervical cancer compared with cytology alone.' Omitted, however, is the troubling observation that in the UK ARTISTIC trial, the only one of the four trials utilising quality-optimised liquid-based cytology, all 5 cervical cancers diagnosed 2.5–8 years after the onset of the trial actually occurred in the HPV experimental arm! No cancers were diagnosed during the same period in the cytology arm. The authors could easily have stated that in the UK ARTISTIC trial uniquely, 'protection' during the period 2.5–8 years after start of the trial was complete only in the cytology arm (zero cervical cancers), while during this same period five cervical cancers were diagnosed in the (less protective) HPV experimental arm. As noted in a recent Obstetrics and Gynecology commentary, protection against invasive cervical cancer is the most relevant endpoint in efforts to optimise cervical screening. CIN3 and CIN3+ endpoints can be significantly misleading in this regard, as most CIN3 cases will not develop into invasive cervical cancers over extended follow-up. It will be unfortunate if HPV primary screening at extended screening intervals, with widely anticipated cost savings, proves unable to sustain the levels of protection against cervical cancer previously achieved by the exemplar cytology-based UK Cervical Screening Programme.


Objective: To investigate the risk of saphenous nerve (SN) and great saphenous vein (GSV) injury during percutaneous screw placement of the 3.5/4.5 LCP Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Plate and the 3.5-mm LCP Medial Distal Tibia Plate with tab in distal tibias of cadaver extremities. Methods: Thirty-one unpaired (1 fresh and 30 formalin fixed) adult cadaveric lower extremity specimens were dissected. Using the principles of minimally invasive plating, a 3.5/4.5 LCP Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Plate was implanted in 16 extremities and a 3.5-mm LCP Medial Distal Tibia Plate with tab in the remaining 15 extremities. Injuries to or any evidences of direct contact with the SN or GSV were recorded. Additionally, the shortest distances of each hole to the main branches of these anatomic structures were measured. Results: The risk of injury to the SN and GSV was higher in holes 4, 5, and 6 when using the 3.5/4.5 LCP Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Plate and in holes 3, 5, and 8 when using the 3.5-mm LCP Medial Distal Tibia Plate. Conclusions: The SN and GSV are at high risk for injury during percutaneous screw placement of the 3.5/4.5 LCP Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Plate and the 3.5-mm LCP Medial Distal Tibia Plate at the distal tibia. Careful dissection in the stab incisions down the plate, atraumatic placement of the drill sleeves, and protection of the soft tissues during screw insertion might decrease the risk of injury to the SN and GSV.


5072 Background: The use of contemporary androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) in combination with docetaxel (Doc) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has shown improved outcomes in recent trials. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) serologic complete response (CR) has correlated with improved overall survival (OS) in prior studies. In the E3805 study, the 12-month PSA CR rate was 28% for the ADT + Doc arm. In this study, we hypothesized the combination of androgen deprivation therapy with Doc and enzalutamide (Enz) would improve the 52-week PSA CR rate compared to the historical control with ADT + Doc in newly diagnosed patients with mCSPC. Methods: The ENZADA trial is a single institution phase II study in patients with mCSPC. Patients received ADT, Doc 75 mg/m2 IV every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles and Enz 160mg daily until radiographic progression. The primary endpoint was 52-week PSA CR. Secondary endpoints included safety/toxicity, best PSA response, time to castration resistance (TTCR) and overall survival (OS). Patients were stratified by radiographic volume of disease by E3805 criteria. The study was designed with 90% power and 1-sided alpha 0.1 to show an improvement in the 52-week PSA CR from 25% to 45%, with rejection of the null hypothesis if 14 of 39 evaluable subjects achieved a 52-week PSA CR. Results: Between Sep 2017 and Aug 2021, 40 subjects were enrolled, and 36 were evaluable for the primary endpoint. At the data cut-off of 9/2/22, median follow up was 42.6 months. Thirty subjects (75%) had high volume disease, and 32 (80%) subjects presented with de novo metastatic disease. Median age was 64.5 years; 65% (N=26) were identified as White and 35% (N=14) were identified as Black or African American (AA). Median pretreatment PSA was 129.5 ng/ml. 67.5% (27/40) of subjects received six cycles of Doc. 10% (4/40) of subjects had Enz dose modifications. 52-week PSA CR occurred in 22/36 (61.1%) patients (P<0.001). 13/23 (56.5%) White subjects and 9/13 (69.2%) Black or African American subjects experienced 52-week PSA CR (P=.50). Median TTCR was not reached; castrate resistance at 2 and 4 years was 62.4% and 53.5%, respectively. Eleven deaths occurred (3/14 Black or AA and 8/26 White); median OS was not reached. OS at 2 and 4 years was 83.2% and 63.1%, respectively. OS at 2 and 4 years was 85.7% and 78.6%, respectively, in Black or AA subjects and 82.4% and 50.9%, respectively, in White subjects (P=.26). Treatment-related Grade 3-5 adverse events occurred in 17/40 (42.5%) patients, including 3 episodes of febrile neutropenia. Conclusions: ADT+Doc+Enz improved 52-week PSA CR compared to historical control with ADT+Doc. These results are consistent with the recent ARASENS and PEACE1 studies and support the use of triplicate regimens combining ADT+Doc+ARSI in newly diagnosed mCSPC patients. No detectable difference in outcome by race has been observed to date in the study cohort. Clinical trial information: NCT03246347 .


The utility model discloses an automobile nail-attracting device, and particularly relates to a device which uses magnetism to attract nails. The automobile nail-attracting device comprises a base, a cover plate and a plurality of magnets, wherein the base is mounted below a front fender of an automobile and is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves, the cover plate is fastened with the base, and the magnets are mounted inside the mounting grooves. The automobile nail-attracting device can attract the nails before the nails are pressed by a wheel, so that accidents are prevented in advance.


. Separate Vision: Case Studies of Four Contemporary Indian Artists. Linda B. Eaton. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 58, 1990. 90 pp., b/w illustrations, bibliography. $14.95 (paper).

. Separate Vision. Linda B. Eaton. Special issue of Plateau Magazine 60(1), 1989. 32 pp., color plates. $4.95 (paper).


In Europe, the harmonisation directives and their detailed specifications which are very difficult to ratify by member states, have been replaced by the concept of «new approach» directives applying particularly to directive 89/336 on the subject of EMC. The European directive on EMC thus includes fundamental standards, technical reports and generic standards. These all serve to detail rules, measurement systems or general conditions for use as references when drawing up specific standards for products, systems or installations.


The causes of electro-static discharge(ESD) and its damage forms to ammunition package were introduced.Several antistatic packaging materials applicable for ammunition packaging were introduced and their antistatic principles were analyzed.The application of antistatic materials in ammunition packaging and some problems needed to be paid attention to were introduced.


We require all components of the Kaluza-Klein metric tensor to be generally-covariant across all five dimensions by deconstructing the metric tensor into Dirac-type square root operators. This decouples the fifth dimension from the Kaluza-Klein scalar, makes this dimension timelike not spacelike, makes the metric tensor inverse non-singular, covariantly reveals the quantum fields of the photon, makes Kaluza-Klein fully compatible with Dirac theory, and roots this fifth dimension in the physical reality of the chiral, pseudo-scalar and pseudo-vector particles abundantly observed in particle physics based on Dirac's gamma-5 operator, thereby "repairing" all of the most perplexing problem in Kaluza-Klein theory. Albeit with additional new dynamics expected, all the benefits of Kaluza-Klein theory are retained, insofar as providing a geometrodynamic foundation for Maxwell's equations, the Lorentz Force motion and the Maxwell-Stress energy tensor, and insofar as supporting the viewpoint that the fifth dimension is, at bottom, the matter dimension. We find that the Kaluza-Klein scalar must be a massless, luminous field quantum to solve long-standing problems arising from a non-zero scalar field gradient. This luminous scalar is connected to the standard model Higgs field, then used to generate rest masses for fermions through spontaneous symmetry breaking, whereby all quark and lepton masses are directly reparameterized in terms of the CKM and PMNS mixing angles. A second leptonic Higgs boson is predicted along with its mass, and the masses of the three neutrinos are also predicted. Finally, we suggest multiple pathways for continued development.


The utility model discloses a spray cooled heat sink for a high-power solid laser, which consists of a part A, a part B, a return air pipe and a return liquid pipe. The part A comprises a main body with a flange, wherein the upper end face of the main body is provided with a round groove; the main body under the groove is provided with nozzles distributed in a regular triangle; the lower end of the main body is provided with a gas-liquid separation cylinder; the lower end of the gas-liquid separation cylinder is provided with a disc; and the cylinder wall of the upper part of the gas-liquid separation cylinder is provided with return air hole. The part B comprises a cylinder of which the upper part is provided with a flange and the lower part is provided with a base, wherein the root part of the upper end face of the base is provided with an annular concave liquid groove; and a gap is preserved between the separation cylinder and the cylinder. The return air pipe and the return liquid pipe are arranged on the wall face of the cylinder respectively; the return air pipe is communicated with the gap; the return liquid pipe is communicated with the annual concave liquid groove; the lower end of the base is provided with a laser mounting surface; and the two flanges are fixed into a whole. The heat sink has the advantages that: the nozzles perform atomizing heat exchange, and the heat exchange coefficient is high; the nozzles are arranged in a regular triangle, so the temperature on the heat exchange face is uniform; the nozzles and the heat sink are integrated, so the structure is simple; and the gas and liquid separation is realized by using the flow of the fluid in the heat sink, so dead zone is avoided.


In this paper, we analyze performance of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system with the optimal phase shift. Specifically, we consider a transmitter sends power and information signals with the assistance of an IRS and spatially correlated fading channels. In practice, the channel between the transmitter and the IRS and between IRS and the receiver are spatially correlated, which constitutes a challenge for accurate performance analysis. In the system, we derive an optimal phase shift, in which the main lobe of the reflected signal at the IRS is directed to the receiver. Then, we develop a closed-form expression to evaluate the average harvested energy and information outage probability. We validate that the proposed model via Monte Carlo simulation.


There are very few exact solutions available for wave propagation in plane‐layered materials that are pierced by a cylindrical hole. This is unfortunate since these problems occupy a central role in geophysics. Exact solutions for the cases of an empty hole and an infinitely rigid hole, where the geometry is separable so that the classical transform method is applicable, are presented. It is hoped that the exact solutions presented herein will provide a check on more general numerical methods.


Photovoltaic energy is susceptible to high variability, caused by passing clouds that may affect a site's daily energy production substantially. The reduction in solar variability due to geographic diversity was compared for a large central PV plant and small distributed PV plants using a multistep approach. At short timescales, geographic smoothing offers a strong benefit, which decreases with longer timescales and increased spatial correlation. The design attributes and relative locations of individual PV systems on a distribution feeder could significantly change the geographic dispersion effects.


Both heterotrophs and autotrophic nitrifiers are present in aerobic sludge digestion systems. The endogenous heterotrophic metabolism releases ammonium that, via oxidation to nitrite and nitrate, serves as the energy substrate for growth and survival of nitrifiers. The population interaction was used to explain the two-phase decay behavior observed in this study for the biosolids collected from rotating biological contactors (RBC) as well as the mixed primary and secondary sludge. Separated by an intermediate transition, the two phases followed different first-order decay kinetics, with the first phase being much faster. The two-phase phenomenon was supported by the on-line fluorescence profile monitored by an NAD(P)H fluorometer. The fluorescence showed an initial rise to a high plateau, a sharp decline after staying at the plateau for 30-50 h, and a trailing very slow decrease. The initial plateau corresponded to the first-phase of rapid sludge digestion; the trailing fluorescence decline corresponded t...


Digital transformation is the process of consuming digital technologies that drives business improvements and customer experience. Artificial intelligence plays a crucial role in businesses' digital transformation agendas. Technologies and algorithms are an important perspective in the implementation of chatbots. AI chatbots use natural language processing technology and offer solutions for modernizing traditional business processes. The key advantage of the implementation of chatbots in different domains is the impact by improving customers' experience and reducing costs. Chatbots are pieces of software that simulate human conversation through voice commands and/or text chats, intending to offer companies an approach on how to use this software to revolutionize their businesses. The aim of this paper is the analysis of the evaluation criteria; the study of insights into how chatbots can be implemented in the domains of banking, e-commerce, tourism, and call centres; and the discussion of some benefits and challenges of chatbots in driving the digital transformation of businesses.


Starburst galaxies and low-luminosity reflection-dominated active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been proposed as models of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB). We calculate the CXB spectrum to be expected from an evolving population of both massive and low-mass X-ray binaries in starburst galaxies, and find that starbursts cannot produce much of the background at low energies (≤20 keV) without significant evolution. We find their contribution at higher energies to be negligible, even with strong evolution


Objective:To investigate the effects of auditory deprivation(AD) on abilities of learning and memory and the changes of ultrastructure of auditory cortex in newborn rats.Method:Experiments were performed on 36 newborn Sprague-Dawley rats.Animals were randomly assigned to two experimental groups:AD group and normal control(NC) group.Newborn rats in AD group were given amikacin 500mg/kg·d subcutaneously from the 7th(P7) to the 16th(P16) postnatal d to establish auditory deprivation models.Newborn rats in NC group were given the same volume of normal saline subcutaneously only.The abilities of learning and memory were tested by Morris water maze at different time points.After behavior test,the ultrastructure of auditory cortex neurons were observed by electron microscope.Result:①Place navigation test:Comparisons were made among the mean escape latencies each d.At the P3week,comparisons between AD group and NC group showed no significant difference everyday(P0.05).At the P5week,from the 2nd d on,the mean escape latencies of rats in AD group were much longer than those in NC group(P 0.05,P0.01,P0.01).At the P7 week,from the 1st d on,the mean escape latencies of rats in AD group were much longer than those in NC group(P0.05,P0.01,P0.01,P0.01).②Spatial probe test(SPT):the time for swimming in target quadrant in AD group decreased significantly compared with that in NC group after the P5 week(P0.01 and P0.05),the times of crossing the platform in AD group reduced significantly compared with that in NC rats after the P5 week(P0.01 and P0.05).③In auditory cortex area of rats in NC group,there were intact neurons,distinct structure,abundant organellae.Synapses were abundant with distinct pre-and-post synaptic membranes and rich synaptic vesicles.The synaptic cleft was clear.In AD group,however,there were edematous neurons,mitochondria,Golgi apparatus and polyribosome reduced,synapses reduced with indistinct pre-and-post synaptic membranes,synaptic vesicles decreased.The synaptic cleft was unclear.Conclusion:Auditory deprivation can decrease the abilities of learning and memory in newborn rats,which is correlated with the changes in the ultrastructure of auditory cortex neurons and synapses.


Many achievements have been made by studying how to visualize large-scale and high-dimensional data in typically 2D or 3D space. Normally, such a process is performed through a non-parametric (unsupervised) approach which is limited in handling the unseen data. In this work, we study the parametric (supervised) model which is capable to learn a mapping between high-dimensional data space Rd and low-dimensional latent space Rs with similarity structure in Rd preserved where s l d. The GNNVis is proposed, a framework that applies the idea of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to the parametric learning process and the learned mapping serves as a Visualizer (Vis) to compute the low-dimensional embeddings of unseen data online. In our framework, the features of data nodes, as well as the (hidden) information of their neighbors are fused to conduct Dimension Reduction. To the best of our knowledge, none of the existing visualization works have studied how to combine such information into the learning representation. Moreover, the learning process of GNNVis is designed as an end-to-end manner and can easily be extended to arbitrary Dimension Reduction methods if the corresponding objective function is given. Based on GNNVis, several typical dimension reduction methods t-SNE, LargeVis, and UMAP are investigated. As a parametric framework, GNNVis is an inherently efficient Visualizer capable of computing the embeddings of large-scale unseen data. To guarantee its scalability in the Training Stage, a novel training strategy with Subgraph Negative Sampling (SNS) is conducted to reduce the corresponding cost. Experimental results in real datasets demonstrate the advantages of GNNVis. The visualization quality of GNNVis outperforms the state-of-the-art parametric models, and is comparable to that of the non-parametric models.


In our previous papers, we described a strategy for design, synthesis, and evaluation of a group of highly CO2-soluble chelating agents that can be used to effectively extract a variety of metals from various matrices into pure CO2 at room temperature and pressures below 13.8 MPa. Conventional chelating agents are functionalized with so-called "CO2-philic" tails, namely, fluoroalkyl, fluoroether, or silicone-containing materials, which allows solubilities greater than 100 mM at pressures less than 13.8 MPa. Here we have studied the effect of several process variables, including pressure, nature of the extraction matrix, presence of interfering ions, multiple-stage reactions, molar ratio of chelating agent to metal, and also time of extraction on the extraction efficiency of these chelating agents. Results show that once the minimum pressure for solubilizing the chelating agent is reached, increasing the pressure has little or no effect on the efficiency of extraction. Further, the low pH of a mixture of w...


The material productivity and design certainty are becoming ever more important for a responsive motor manufacturer, and they can be improved by design optimization through more detailed analysis and simulation within manufacturing tolerance, in particular for a large and unconventional motor. Design by analysis and simulation of a switched reluctance motor is the subject of this paper, with numerical approaches that include magnetic equivalent-circuit analysis, finite element analysis and boundary element analysis. Modeling of geometric, magnetic, electric, mechanic and thermal concerns is presented, as well as an integrated and streamlined design and analysis approach that facilitates design iterations. The aspects of the study include: magnetization curves; controller characterization; system simulation; performance prediction; vibration modes and frequencies; radial magnetic forces; stresses, vibrations and noises; and heat distribution and transfer.


Microencapsulation of solid stearyl alcohol particles by complex coacervation was studied. Spherical particles of solid stearyl alcohol were prepared by the vibrating capillary method. Various size fractions of these particles were encapsulated by a modified technique described in an earlier report. Particle concentration and particle-size studies revealed that only a small fraction of the total amount of colloid was used in the formation of the capsule wall. Wall thickness decreased with increasing ratios of solid particles and increased as the particle diameters increased. Scanning electron micrograph observations of the surface showed that acacia was retained on the surface of particles melted and congealed in acacia solution and that the final encapsulated particles had a scaly surface appearance. The studies tended to confirm indications from earlier work that gelatin molecules interact directly with acacia on the surface of the stearyl alcohol particles to form the capsule.


Jan Bowden and Moyra Heggie review PREPARED, a model for preconceptual care that practice nurses can use to opportunistically promote healthy pregnancies.


Withania somnifera (Hindi - Ashwagandha, English - winter cherry) is used in Ayurvedic formulations for a variety of health-promoting effects. Several mono- and poly-herbal products commercially available in the Indian market were quantitatively analysed for a number of chemical constituents. The results revealed wide variations in the content of all seven constituents tested. More than 70-fold variation in the daily intake of withaferin A (the main active constituent of Ashwagandha) was found in the products. The study thus emphasizes the need for stringent phytochemical standardization of herbal products.


The purpose of this paper is to approach the question of landscape within the field of archaeology taking into account recent theorical-methodological perspectives and the contributions of other disciplines, as well as the mutual impact between these advances and heritage management. In order to achieve this, we have to go through what is known as Landscape Archaeology, that is, the heterogeneous set of studies on spatial dimension defined by a deep critical reflection of the subject, together with new concepts and analysis paths to address landscape, focusing on social practice, perception, experience, movement and temporality. Within this context, other vital contributions of different disciplines, such as humanistic geography, social structuring theory, semiology, proxemics, spatial sintaxis, etc. are also


Another characteristic of his evolutionary approach is that he gives considerable attention to the crucial role of groups of individuals, their strategies, and their intentions. Although he sees the major pressures driving evolutionary change as macro-external forces, the selection itself takes place at the meso level, or even at the micro level. For instance, in chapters on visual diplomacy and diplomatic presentation, he examines the performances of representatives of sending and receiving countries. He gives special attention to the staged arrival of Caroline Kennedy, the US ambassador to Japan, at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo in November 2013. Neumann has the courage to acknowledge that his evolutionary approach is functionalist. His functionalism does not build on the now largely discredited structural functionalism of earlier sociology, but rather on a theoretical perspective that identifies how different conditions, practices, beliefs, and so on can be functional for specific purposes in society and for particular actors, social groups, or institutions. To give an example, he draws on the idea that stone mega-structures, such as Stonehenge, appeared with the emergence of sedentary groups because these monuments served as ceremonial centers to institutionalize regular interaction among related groups. Diplomatic Tenses is one of an increasing number of publications in which evolutionary theory has been used to identify processes that contribute to our understanding of the development of specific institutions. He could have said a lot more, but what he has said is thoughtful, informative, and interesting.


Conversations at the dinner table typically involve reciprocal and contingent turn-taking. This context typically includes multiple exchanges between family members, providing opportunities for rich conversations and opportunities for incidental learning. Deaf individuals who live in hearing non-signing homes often miss out on these exchanges, as typically hearing individuals use turn-taking rules that differ from those commonly used by deaf individuals. Hearing individuals' turn-taking rules include use of auditory cues to get a turn and to cue others when a new speaker is beginning a turn. Given these mechanisms, hearing individuals frequently interrupt each other—even if they are signing. When deaf individuals attempt to obtain a turn, they are frequently lost in the ongoing dialogue. This experience, wherein deaf individuals are excluded from the flow of conversations at mealtime, is known as the dinner table syndrome. This study documents deaf adults' retrospective experiences with dinner table syndrome growing up. Personal interviews and a focus group were used to explore how deaf adults experienced conversations during family dinner gatherings. A phenomenological approach was used for analysis. Developed themes include: Missing out on Communication and Language with Hearing Family Members, Access to Current News and Events, Conversational Belonging and Sense of Exclusion within the Family, and the Realization of Missing Out on Conversations. These themes revealed the essence of Loved, yet Disconnected. Results of this qualitative research study can help identify what happens when participants miss cues during dinner table conversations, leaving them out of the conversation.