A Riverine Site Near York: A Possible Viking Camp? is a comprehensive volume of finds and results from the site 'A Riverine Site Near York' (ARSNY). Several researchers have contributed to this publication, although Gareth Williams – as editor, sole author of two chapters and large parts of chapter 2 – is the main force behind the publication. The assemblage at ARSNY is similar to that at Torksey, where the Viking Great Army spent the winter of AD 872–873. It is therefore likely that ARSNY was the location of an undocumented Viking camp. Judging from the coins and weights, Williams date the main activity at ARNSY to AD 874–875 and/or with a continued activity by a smaller group after AD 875. The size of ARSNY, as well as Torksey, are larger than the D-shaped enclosure of the Viking camp at Repton. Adding to the assumption that the enclosure at Reption is only part of the Viking camp. ARSNY first came to notice in late 2003 when metal detectorists, with the landowners and tenants approval, unearthed a group of Anglo-Saxon and Viking Age coins, hacksilver, balance fragment, weights and remnants of iron, including three pieces from the hilt of a sword. An archaeological examination was initiated, in order to examine and contextualize the hoard's find-spot. Although initially planned as using non-invasive techniques, in the form of geophysical surveys, the project was subsequently expanded with further geoarchaeological surveys and trial trenching. The present research publication is largely a report on the finds at ARSNY, as well as results from the excavations and the geoarchaeological surveys. Expanded with additional chapters on metals and exchange in Viking-Age Yorkshire. The short first chapter is authored by James Graham-Campbell and concerns the late Richard Hall's impressive archaeological career and his role with the ARSNY project. Chapter 2 is the main section, constituting more than two thirds of the book. Hall and Williams are the main authors, along with Barry Ager and Nicola Rogers, with contributions from 14 others. This detailed review covers all aspects of the ARSNY project, and almost make up a book within the book. There are some repetitions and the


Optical waveguides were successfully fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing inside a LiTaO3 crystal, and the optical properties of these waveguides were investigated. Optimum writing conditions such as pulse energy and duration were determined on the basis of the refractive index changes calculated using the near-field pattern of the light guided through the waveguides. μ-Raman spectroscopy results and birefringence observations around the formed waveguides suggested that the local increase in refractive index was caused by anisotropic compressive stress in the laser-irradiated region. The light guided through the formed waveguide showed strong polarization dependence.


The specification of digital systems in temporal logic, a verification method between specification and gate-level designs, and a method for synthesizing state diagrams from specification are presented. Timing relations shown usually be timing diagrams can be described, and verification and synthesis can be done automatically. A hardware description language called Tokio, which is based on temporal logic and is an extension of Prolog, is also presented. The above techniques can be applied to Tokio.<<ETX>>


Description and life cycle This insect overwinters as full-grown, fifth-instar larvae inside the stalks and in field debris of its cultivated and wild host plants. Once a minimum temperature of 50 degrees F is reached, the larva pupates and the adult moth emerges in May. The adults usually mate within 48 hours of emergence in the grassy field margins around crop fields. The female moth has a paleyellowish color with irregular, wavy, bands on their wings (Figure 1, left). Male moths are smaller and darker and have olive-brown wing markings. The female moth is an active flier and is capable of traveling 5 miles in a night. At dusk she will begin laying her eggs in masses of five to 50 eggs on the underside of leaves near the leaf midrib. The flattened eggs overlap like fish scales and are initially white before turning yellow (Figure 1, right). Within 3 to 7 days, the young larvae hatch and are initially dull white with several rows of small brown spots. Fully grown larvae are about 1 inch long, light tan to a pinkish gray, and marked with two rows of small, circular, brown spots. European corn borer development rapidly slows in the summer when temperatures exceed 85 degrees F.


Introduction, Lawrence G. Potter PART I: THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PERSIAN GULF 1. Rethinking the History of Port Cities in the Gulf, Nelida Fuccaro 2. Narrative and the Historian's Craft in the Arabic Historiography of the Gulf, Fahad Ahmad Bishara 3. The Historiography of the Persian Gulf: A Survey of the 19th and 20th Century Persian Sources, Gholam Reza Vatandoust 4. Narrating the Gulf: Literary Evidence for History, Muhsin al-Musawi PART II: PORT CITIES AND LITTORAL SOCIETY 5. The Rise and Fall of Port Cities in the Persian Gulf, Lawrence G. Potter 6. Muscat as a Port City, J. E. Peterson 7. Bushehr: Southern Gateway to Iran, Willem Floor 8. Inside a Gulf Port: The Dynamics of Urban Life in Pre-Oil Kuwait, Farah Al-Nakib PART III: PEOPLES IN THE GULF 9. Indian Communities in the Persian Gulf, c. 1500-1947, James Onley 10. The Baluch as an Ethnic Group in the Persian Gulf Region, Carina Jahani 11. 'Purity and Confusion': The Hawala between Persians and Arabs in the Contemporary Gulf, Ahmed al-Dailami 12. The African Presence in Eastern Arabia, Matthew S. Hopper 13. Identity Transformations of African Communities in Iran, Behnaz A. Mirzai


As the cost of medicine is increasing, it is important to consider whether the current FDA drug approval process meets its consumer oriented ambitions. In 1962, Congress amended the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, requiring new drugs to be proven safe and effective before they can be marketed. The Amendments increased drug development costs and reduced a new drug's effective patent term, creating an inherent tension between two previously harmonious legal realms: food and drug law and patent law. In response to this tension, Congress enacted the Hatch-Waxman Act, amending the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and the Patent Act to codify a generic drug approval process and extend a new drug's patent term. Drawing upon the history of patented medicine, this Article argues that the Hatch-Waxman Act has failed to alleviate the shortcomings of the 1962 Amendments and has undermined the integrity of the patent system at the consumer's expense. In particular, the Paragraph IV provisions of the Hatch-Waxman Act fall outside of the Constitutional limitations of the Intellectual Property Clause in failing to constrain the grant of a patent with regard to public welfare. In an attempt to correct these flaws, this Article proposes legislative and judicial action that must be taken to find the Intellectual Property Clause's lost admonition "to promote...progress."


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of prior beta blocker use on clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). BACKGROUND: Sympathetic nervous system activation during AIS can lead to a number of undesirable changes such as hyperglycemia, left ventricular stunning, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production and thereby could potentially result in worsening of clinical and tissue outcome. We hypothesized that beta blocker (BB) therapy could be beneficial in patients with AIS by suppressing increased sympathetic activity. DESIGN/METHODS: This was a consecutive study of patients with AIS enrolled during a 1-year period as a part of an ongoing prospective study (Heart-Brain Interactions Study). The relationship between BB use within 24 hours prior to stroke onset and clinical outcome measured by modified Rankin Score (mRS) at 3 months was tested using multiple logistic regression after propensity score matching. Outcome was dichotomized as favorable (mRS RESULTS: The study population consisted of 294 BB-users and 387 BB non-users. BB-users were older and more often had coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and other stroke risk factors. Univariate analyses revealed that prior BB use was associated with increased probability of unfavorable outcome (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.20 - 2.40). Propensity score analysis to adjust for baseline differences resulted in 183 matching pairs. A multivariable analysis in this matching population that controlled for admission NIHSS score, infarct volume, and etiologic stroke mechanism showed a significant interaction between BB use and insular infarction; prior BB use was a significant predictor of favorable outcome in patients with infarction including the insula (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.18 - 7.82). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that BB therapy might be beneficial in selected patients with AIS whose infarcts encompass the insula. Our findings highlight the importance of the insula as the neuroanatomic substrate for sympathetic nervous system activation following AIS. Supported by: Dr. Ay received financial support for research activities from NIH. Disclosure: Dr. Park has nothing to disclose. Dr. Avery has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ay has nothing to disclose.


This study was conducted at SMAN 2 Sigli to improve speaking skills in English through group work activities with the third year students of XII-IPA1 through a Classroom Action Research project. Before this study was conducted, only 25% of the students met the speaking target test or Minimal Grade Criteria ( Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal or KKM) which was 75. The researcher and the collaborator worked together in designing a new lesson plan, implementing the actions and making conclusions and reflections. The study was done in three cycles by following action research procedures: planning an action, implementing the plan, observing the action, and reflecting. To collect the data, observation sheets, tests and a questionnaire were used as instruments. The findings showed that group work activities were effective for improving the students' ability in speaking and the teacher's performance in teaching speaking as well. From the pre-test the highest score was 80 and the lowest 60 while from the post-test after the third cycle the highest score was 95 and the lowest was 70. This means that most of the students improved a lot in speaking. Also the results from the observations of the teacher, started from 58% and increased to 75% and 86% and for the students from 56% increased to 68% and 84% from the first cycle to the second and then the third cycle. The result of this research also indicates that the students responded very well towards the implementation of the group work activities. Based on these findings, it is suggested that other English teachers should use group work activities for the teaching of speaking English at schools. since they are get better results


Rates of saving in America have never been especially high, but they seem to have dipped even lower in recent years, as the data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis in Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) shown below. A decision about how much to save can be represented using an intertemporal budget constraint. Household decisions about the quantity of financial savings show the same underlying pattern of logic as the consumption choice decision and the labor-leisure decision.


With the needs for establishing powerful China's air force,the rapid development of civil aviation industry and improving the ability of independent innovation of China's aviation industry,it analyzes systematically from the innovation objects,innovation approaches and innovation performances,puts forward some informationization countermeasures for achieving independent innovation of China's aviation industry.


Objective To study the prevalence features of pulmonary pneumoconio-tuberculosis in coalmine and to put forward a strategy of prevention and treatment measures. Methods The prevalence situation of 6 129 pulmonary pneumoconio-tuberculosis was analysed with a retrospective study. The database was built by FoxPro 6.0 and the data was analysed by SPSS 10.0. Results Totally 6 129 patients of pneumoconiosis were found from 1954 to 2004, 1 110 of whom (18.11%) were complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis. Among 1 110 complicated patients, 841, 177 and 92 were in pneumoconiosis stageⅠ,Ⅱand Ⅲ, the complication rate being 15.05%, 45.85% and 59.74% respectively. The accumulative death were 3 084, and 1 075 of them were complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis, the complication rate being 34.86%. 29.93% of pneumoconiosis patients died of pulmonary tuberculosis. The average life-span of the patients with only pneumoconiosis was about 5 years longer than that of the patients complicated with tuberculosis. 3 045 patients were now existing, 326 (10.71%) of them were complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. 258 new patients of pneumoconiosis were found from 2000 to 2004. 21 (8.14%) of them were complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion The patients of pneumoconiosis are susceptible to tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the important death causes of pneumoconiosis. Uninterrupted prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis in the patients of pneumoconiosis must be strengthened.


Interoperability between different organizations is a complex task, where a key element is to be able to define without ambiguity the concepts that are involved in each domain and their relations. A key aspect for enabling e-government is the technological support for complex interaction scenarios, defining collaborative Business Processes (BPs) that are the basis for these interactions. E-government collaborative BPs involve several and heterogeneous participants: organizations, partners, and users, with different capabilities, needs, and available technical support. The goal of this paper is to present ongoing research on e-government cross-organizational collaborative BPs support in a service-based interoperability platform. This proposal is focused on the formalization and exploitation of e-government knowledge and information (i.e., metamodels and ontologies) to improve the definition, automated generation, control, monitoring and improvement of e-government collaborative BPs.


Quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus is used clinically for evaluating bone fracture risk, but its association with the mechanical properties at other skeletal sites is not well characterized. The objective was therefore to determine its predictive ability of the mechanical failure loads of the proximal femur and lumbar spine.


Trauma is one leading cause of death in young patients under 45 years old and it occupies the third pace among causes of general mortality for the whole population. Nosocomial infections (first of all ventilator-associated pneumonia) account for mortality in this group of patients in 5 days after trauma. The article describes risk factors, causative agents, pathologic physiology and specific features of diagnostics of nosocomial pneumonia in those with multiple traumas. Special attention is paid to immune response of the host to multiple trauma and related issues on using polymorphism of genes controlling production of certain cytokines in order to improve diagnostics and prognosis of the course and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in this group of patients.


Light sheet microscopy allows rapid optical sectioning of whole chicken embryos during early development, visualizing cells through transgenic expression of a fluorescent cell membrane label. Low signal-to-noise ratios and large variability in intensity make segmentation of these images difficult, often resulting in discontinuous cell edges. We propose a multi-scale non-local means with shape prior (MS-NLM-SP) method for image enhancement, which takes into account cell-specific characteristics, such as size, geometry, and periodicity. Investigating theoretical connections between our approach and anisotropic diffusion reveals that the first step, detail-enhanced multi-scale representation, corresponds to selective backward diffusion, while the second step of MS-NLM-SP resembles anisotropic forward diffusion. Experimental results show that incorporating cell-specific features into non-local image denoising methods improves subsequent segmentation.


In view of the uncertainty in basic drilling parameters,through the analysis of mechanical risk mechanism of downhole accidents in drilling,non-probabilistic reliability evaluation method was established for drilling engineering risk based on interval analysis method and reliability theory.This method could calculate risk factor after risk evaluation function and the upper and lower bounds of risk factors were established according to prior information.Risk evaluation functions for several common downhole complexities were set up in the paper while the formulas of risk factors were derived from interval variable algorithm.Taking Well W in some western region as an example,the evaluation results indicated that the method,simple and practical,could satisfy the needs of engineering practice.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) combined with low-dose prednisone as induction therapy for patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).Methods A total of 52 patients with IMN were randomly divided into two groups,CTX group 26 patients,received CTX 2.5 mg/(kg·d) and MMF group 26 patients,received MMF 1.5 g/(kg·d).Prednisone was gived at the dosage of(0.8-1.0) mg/(kg·d) in the morning per os in two groups.After 6-8 weeks,the dosage of prednisone were declined at the velocity of 5 mg per 4 weeks until stop it.The course of the treatment was one year.The curative effect indexes of 24 hours urine protein quantitation,plasma albumin(Alb),Scr and TG,and adverse reaction were compared between two groups.Results Compared to CTX group,the complete remission rate and partly remission rate were higher,the levels of 24 hours urine protein quantitation,Scr and TG were lower,Alb level was higher and adverse reaction rate was lower in MMF group(P0.05).Conclusion The effect of MMF combined with low-dose prednisone on idiopathic membranous nephropathy was good and adverse reaction rate was low.


We present a simple and eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Coriandrum sativum leaf extract as reducing agent. The aqueous silver ions when exposed to leaf extract were reduced and resulted in silver nanoparticles whose average size is 26 nm. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Nonlinear optical properties of silver nanoparticles were studied using Z-scan technique with 6 ns pulse duration at 532 nm. The nonlinear refractive index and third-order susceptibility 3 were measured to be ∼ 6 0×10−13 cm2/W and 1 38×10−9 esu, respectively. Silver nanoparticles were found to exhibit strong reverse saturable absorption (RSA). RSA was identified as the main mechanism responsible for optical limiting.


The purpose of the research is to use blockchain technology in the electoral process. The study was conducted on the example of blockchain technologies used in elections in the United States, Canada, Australia, Sierra Leone, Switzerland, Spain, Russia and other countries. The methodological basis of the research is based on the methods of comparative analysis and component analysis of definitions. Empirical methods of expert assessment and interviewing were used. The pros and cons of blockchain technologies and the possibility of using this innovative technology in elections of different levels are revealed. The advantages of inclusive blockchain technology include the mobility and accessibility of voting; minimizing the costs of organizing and conducting elections; de-bureaucratization by reducing the staff of election commissions; the possibility of excluding the impact on voters from participants in the electoral process; reducing the time for processing ballots and determining the results of voting; increasing the level of trust in electoral procedures on the part of citizens who usually do not participate in voting. Among the disadvantages of blockchain technologies, we can highlight: technical failures and hacker cyber-attacks; the possibility of hackers using data about voters, in case of hacking electronic databases; violation of the secrecy of voting.


Using quantum skew-Howe duality, we study the category $\operatorname{Rep}(\mathfrak{gl}(m|n))$ of tensor products of exterior powers of the standard representation of $U_q(\mathfrak{gl}(m|n))$, and prove that it is equivalent to a category of ladder diagrams modulo one extra family of relations. We then construct a categorification of $\operatorname{Rep}(\mathfrak{gl}(m|n))$ using the theory of foams. In the case of $n=0$, we show that we can recover $\mathfrak{sl}(m)$ foams introduced by Queffelec and Rose to define Khovanov-Rozansky $\mathfrak{sl}(m)$ link homology. We also define a categorification of the monoidal category of symmetric powers of the standard representation of $U_q(\mathfrak{gl}(n))$, since this category can be identified with $\operatorname{Rep}(\mathfrak{gl}(0|n))$. The relations on our foams are non-local, since the number of dots that can appear on a facet depends on the position of the dot in the foam, rather than just on its colouring. This may be related to Gilmore's non-local relations in Heegaard Floer knot homology.


The residual impurity gases in the atmospheric rapid thermal processing (RTP) equipment are becoming an important factor in sub-micron ULSI industry. For example, 1% nitrogen in oxygen decreases the RT oxide thickness, and a small amount of moisture or oxygen in nitrogen may strongly affect the RT titanium silicidation. The effective method to reduce the residual gases is to use process gas to purge the chamber. In the present paper the gas purging mechanisms were in-situ investigated in the flow rate range of 10 to 60 slpm using a Quadrapole Residual Gas Analyser (RGA) and gas sensors. The gases for purging studies are N 2 , O 2 , He and Ar. It has been found that there are two regimes in the dependence of the residual gas concentration on purging time. Based on the results of systematic experiments, a purging equation, called Pseudo-PST ("perfectly stirred tank) model, has been developed and was used to give the interpretation of the purging process in the atmospheric RTP system. The limitation of the RGA and the oxygen analyzer used to atmospheric RTP system was also discussed.


Abstract Representations of the experiences of past and present Russian prisoners' women relatives in Russia are explored. The annals of Russian national history glorify the handful of wives who voluntarily chose to share Siberian exile with their husbands who were punished for the anti-monarchist uprising in December 1825. A survey of images of prisoners' wives demonstrates how Russian cultural mythology has promoted a powerful, stereotypical image of the 'Decembrist wife' as the epitome of marital love, devotion and personal sacrifice. On the basis of various historic, literary, documentary and Internet sources, as well as interviews with current Russian prisoners' women relatives, the formation, articulation and enduring vitality of the 'Decembrist wife' discourse in Russia is examined.


The utility model provides a multifunctional build tool for laying bricks, which is composed of a tongue piece, a supporting body and a handle. The tool is provided with a graduated scale, a level instrument, a vertical instrument, etc. Using the utility model, not only mortar joint can form in one piece, but also a plurality of measuring instruments can integrate. Consequently, the quality and the speed of laying bricks are improved.


Title: Possibilities of touring rowing development in the Czech Republic Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is to find out the ac tu l status of touring rowing in the Czech Republic, compare it with the s tatus of touring rowing in the world and in the Germany and make a p ropound of its development in the Czech Republic. This thesis also contains the history of the rowing and the touring rowing. Methods: We used a question method, a method of analysis, a method of comparison and a method of induction in our thesis. I applied the method of analysis and method of comparison in case of ana lysi g the status of touring rowing in the Czech Republic, in the German y d in the FISA. The method of induction is used in case of propound of evelopment touring rowing in the Czech Republic. Results: The level of touring rowing in the Czech Republic i s very poor. Only foreign tourists do the touring rowing here. Nevert h less, there are great conditions for developing this activity in a future .


【Objective】 To explore infant sleep problems through the study of infant sleep status in Xian,and analyze the risk factors.To provide a scientific basis to solve infant sleep problems for children health care work.【Methods】 Totally,1 196 normal children,without severe illness and abnormal delivery history,aged 1 to 12 months.Under strict quality control system,their parents were interviewed with questionnaire to look into the sleep-related factors.Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) were adopted to assess sleep quality and depression on the mothers of 1,6,12 months infants.【Results】 Prevalence of sleep problems in infants was 40.47% in Xian.PSQI results showed: the mothers with infants of sleep problems had higher scores than those of normal group,which had significant differences between the two groups.Mothers of infants with sleep problems reported higher scores in SDS than those of normal group.【Conclusion】 Prevalence of sleep problems in infants was high.Maternal sleep quality and depression could infect sleep of infants directly.It is necessary to provide practical guidances to prevent the sleeping problem.


Measures to control the resurgence and spread of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide are threatened by the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of the disease. A recent World Health Organization/International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) study ( 1997 ) found that one third of the 35 countries studied had levels of MDR-TB between 2 and 14 per cent. In the UK and US, the incidence was found to be between 1.5 and 3 per cent.


Abstract SPM studies of triboelectric charges on thin films of
high-k dielectrics LaScO3, semiconductor "flakes" MoSe2, and
ferroelectric PZT films have been carried out. It is shown that
the value of the accumulated triboelectric charge in these films
depends on their thickness. The strongest effect is observed in
the LaScO3 film 6 nm thick and the PZT film 100 nm thick. The
dependence of the value of the measured triboelectric potential
on the loading force and the material of the probe was also
experimentally found.


This study intend to analyze the creations of Syofyani Yusaf dance. Study methods using the phenomenological method. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and interviews. The study subject is Syofyani Yusaf. Data analysis techniques using evaluative descriptive. Syofyani Yusaf is one of the prominent artist from West Sumatera. At present there are around 20 dances created. These dances have been studied through dance studio, formal school, and study programs in art colleges. The results of an analysis of Syofyani's dance shows; (1)  the dances theme originaly come from the life of the Minang cultures; (2) Preservation of dance creations is carried out through culture exchange programs and culture knowledge. The results of the study can be concluded that dance creations by Sofyani Yusaf are sill performed and studied by the people not only from the Minang tribe but also another tribes. It is recommended that teachers in formal and non-formal schools become agents of culture exchange programs and culture knowledge.


Advances in data storage and image acquisition technologies have enabled the creation of large image datasets. In this scenario, it is necessary to develop appropriate information systems to efficiently manage these collections. The most common approaches use ContentBased Image Retrieval (CBIR).The goal of such CBIR systems is to support image retrieval based on content e.g., shape, color, texture. Retrieval of images based on visual features such as color, texture and shape have proven to have its own set of limitations under different conditions. In this paper we propose a novel method with highly accurate and retrieval efficient approach which will work on large image database with varied contents and background.


Based on the programming principle of low speed NC WEDM and characteristic of different upper and lower machining functions for special-shaped part, a practical example was used to investigate the machining of the straight cutting edge of arc die by using the processing principles such as offset calculation, adding of compensation points, different upper and lower machining (taper machining). Therefore, uniform straight cutting edge can be achieved and the service life of the die cutting edge be greatly increased.


This report describes the fluctuations in the numbers of breeding pairs in the Special Protected Area under the Bird Directive 'Kustbroedvogels te Zeebrugge ‐ Heist' and in the adjacent western port of Zeebrugge during the period 1985 ‐ 2016. Until recently, this was by far the most important breeding site for coastal breeders in Belgium and of high importance for the European tern populations as a whole. The 2004 conservation targets (being 22 ha of suitable nesting habitat without significant impact by land predators) for terns breeding in the Special Protected Area were never met. The populations of the 3 tern species (Sandwich, Common and Little Tern) and of Black ‐ headed Gulls breeding in the Special Protected Area have strongly declined after 2008 and the reproductive output was extremely poor. The decline is due to the presence of land predators, initially cats and rats, and from 2009 onwards also fox. The maximum number of breeding pairs amounted to 4,067, 3,052 and 425 for Sandwich, Common and Little Tern, respectively. In 2016 the area hosted a mere 4 pairs of Herring Gulls, 7 pairs of Lesser Black ‐ backed Gulls, 6 pairs of Ringed Plover and 9 pairs of Oystercatcher, while terns no longer bred in Zeebrugge. Furthermore, in the non ‐ protected western part of the Zeebrugge port, breeding numbers are in strong decline due to fox disturbance and predation, and loss of breeding grounds and deterioration of the habitat. Crested Lark, Northern Wheatear, Mediterranean Gull and Yellow ‐ legged Gull used to breed in small numbers, but these species were no longer present in 2016. This area used to host large numbers of Herring Gulls (max 2,433 pairs in 2010) and Lesser Black ‐ backed Gulls (max 4,760 pairs in 2011), but both species strongly decreased in numbers as fox frequented the breeding site after 2013. In 2016, 415 pairs of Herring Gull and 1,458 pairs of Lesser Black ‐ backed Gull bred in Zeebrugge, the majority on fox ‐ free roof tops (respectively 311 and 609 pairs of Herring and Lesser Black ‐ backed Gull) and inside a fenced area on the ground (respectively 38 and 743


A specialized oxygen sensor is described whose fast response times make it ideal for studies of the effects of mixing processes on oxygen concentrations. A polarographic oxygen microelectrode was installed on a microstructure CTD profiler. The oxygen microelectrode has a tip size of 30 μm, a total length of 5 cm, membrane thickness of < 4 μm, and a time constant of 0.13 s. Flow dependence is minimal, and the amplifying and conditioning electronics are installed inside the body of the profiler, which is 50 cm long and 10 cm in diameter. The profiler samples temperature, gradient temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and pressure as it ascends through the water column at 10 cm s −1 . Sampling at 100 Hz allows temperature, conductivity, and depth measurements every 1 mm and dissolved oxygen measurements every 1.3 cm


Retention characteristics of Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Semiconductor(MFIS) and Metal-Insulator-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Semiconductor(M-I-FIS) structures have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The simulated time dependence of capacitance for the MFIS has indicated that reducing currents through the ferroelectric and the insulator layers improves the retention characteristics more effectively than choosing the insulators with larger dielectric constants. The M-I-FIS structure has been studied in order to reduce the charge injection between the metal and the ferroelectric layer in the MFIS. The simulations have indicated that the M-I-FIS can provide much longer retention time than the original MFIS, although the experimental retention time of the M-I-FIS have almost the same as that of the MFIS.


Intelligent medical systems based on supervised and unsupervised artificial neural networks are applied to the automatic visualization and classification of suspicious lesions in breast MRI. These systems represent an important component of future sophisticated computer-aided diagnosis systems and enable the extraction of spatial and temporal features of dynamic MRI data stemming from patients with confirmed lesion diagnosis. By taking into account the heterogenity of the cancerous tissue, these techniques reveal the malignant, benign and normal kinetic signals and and provide a regional subclassification of pathological breast tissue. Intelligent medical systems are expected to have substantial implications in healthcare politics by contributing to the diagnosis of indeterminate breast lesions by non-invasive imaging.


Tamansari heritage environment is one of cultural heritage area in Yogyakarta City; built by the first Sultan of Yogyakarta, which is functioned a place for resting and bathing. Tamansari is also believed as a mystical meeting place, between the Sultan Hamengku Buwono I with Nyi Roro Kidul; the ruler of the south coast. It is also believed Tamansari to have a mystical path connected directly to the south coast. Kampung Tamansari has good economic growth, related to its cultural heritage status. The residents around the complex develop the cultural heritage site as a historical tourism attraction. They do improvements in Tamansari area for being neater and cleaner, also take advantage of tourist visit by providing informal economy facilities. Many shops and souvenir stores are growing up, also many food kiosks and street vendors increase there. Kampung residents also build a community tour guide group to assist the tourists so, they can more easily get to know Tamansari area. This research will discuss, how the strategy of residents there for taking advantage of the informal economic opportunities that arise due to the object existence and status of cultural heritage area in Tamansari.


Science fiction has and for a long time has had a potential to reach wide public and influence its perception of various matters. It may, therefore, serve as a good material for outreach purposes to get actual science across to the public. In a time when the public interest in science dwindles across multiple regions of the worlds and its perception is often skewed by hasty reporting, such a concept that can grasp the attention of people across a wide spectrum of demographics is most useful. Indeed, science fiction has been used in STEM education e.g. in lectures and books by James Kakalios or Andrew Fraknoi, who even keeps an irregularly updated list of SF stories featuring good astronomy [1].


In the paper is presented the working principle of the device as well as the constructive-functional scheme for its realization. The use of such a device allows variable gear ratios to be obtained in a very wide range. It has the advantage of a compact construction relative to other mechanisms with varying transmission ratios, such as the crank mechanism. The device contains a worm gear that allows for the eccentricity of a toothed wheel in relation to the cone wheel. The worm gear mechanism also ensures that it is self-locking while it is in operation without the need for other insurance items. The device can be used in the control of actuators in the field of machining or packaging in an automated process.


Using the quadratic potential energy constants for stibine and stibine-d/ sub 3/ obtained earlier, the harmonie vibrational wave numbers of all the partially deuterated and tritiated stibines were determined. Based on a first- order perturbation theory, the rotational distortion constants were obtained for these molecules. The molar thermodynamic properties of heat capacity, heat content, free energy, and entropy were calculated for 1 atm pressure for a rigid- rotor harmonic-oscillator approximation. The mean square amplitudes of vibrations were also computed from the vibrational frequencies and the force fields for 25 deg C. (auth)


1. Opening to trade can boost productivity growth and resource allocation through numerous channels. The literature identifies Three main channels through which trade can boost resource allocation, and then productivity. First, the import competition channel: lower trade barriers can strengthen competition in the liberalized sector(s), putting pressure on domestic producers to exploit economies of scale; reduce price margins, (Helpman and Krugman, 1985), improve efficiency, absorb foreign technology, or innovate (Aghion et al, 2005). Second, the input variety-quality channel: trade liberalization can boost productivity by increasing the quality and variety of intermediate inputs available to domestic producers. Recent firm-level evidence for several countries confirms the importance of this input channel (see Fernandes, 2007; Kasahara and Rodrigues, 2008; Topalova and Khandelwal, 2011; Amiti and Konings, 2013; Halpern et al., 2015). Third, the export channel: exporting can improve productivity at firm level in two main complementary ways; by encouraging firms to invest in innovation and through learning from foreign markets, which can happen both directly via buyer-seller relationship, and indirectly, through exposure to competition. For empirical evidence on the impact of trade liberalization on innovation spending, see Bustos (2011). See De Loecker (2013) for empirical evidence on the effects of learning by exports on firm productivity performance in Slovenia. Overall, the combination of all these channels would help boosting productivity at industry level, as trade shocks are expected to reshuffle market shares towards the more productive firms, therefore increasing aggregate productivity. See Melitz (2003), and Melitz and Ottaviano (2008) for a theoretical and empirical investigation on this aspect, and Pavcin (2002) for empirical evidence on the productivity dividends coming from the reallocation effects caused by trade liberalization in Chile.


− A systematic design method of near field dielectric windows for 2D conformal fed arrays was previously developed. This developed design yielded simultaneously well-behaved element patterns in both axial and circumferential polarization. The method includes dimensioning of the window thickness to maximize the radial decay rate of the radome induced surface waves, followed by inclusion of a sufficiently large gap to decouple the surface waves from the array face. This methodology has been successfully extended to 3D with circumferential polarization according to the previously established guidelines and has provided smooth patterns in the circumferential plane, but limited the scan in the axial plane. Here we will investigate the case with axial polarization and compare the available useful scan volume to that of circumferentially polarized excitation.


Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) is better known as being the type of camel with two humps. The bactrian camel was domesticated in 2500 BC, probably in Northern of Iran, Northeast Afghanistan, or Southwestern Turkmenistan (Bulliet, 1975). Iranian Bactrian camel lives in different regions of Iran (Ardebil province). The bactrian camel is one of the most adaptable animals in the world that being able to withstand temperatures from 40 ̊C in the summer to -40 ̊C in the winter (Shahkarami et al. 2012). The most noticeable features of the bactrian camels are their two humps with an average height of 213 cm at the top of the hump. The bactrian camel is strong in constitution, with well-developed musculature. Their even-toed feet help to cross the rocky deserts of Asia and travel well through snow or sand. Live body weight can range from 300 to 690 kg, with males often being much larger and heavier (average 446 kg) than females (average 394 kg) (Potts, 2005). Iranian Camelus bactrianus has experienced a dramatic Iranian bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) is an endangered livestock breed with distribution in northwest of Iran. Microsatellites are a powerful marker for animal genetic and cell line identification and population genetic study. In this study, after producing more than 40 Camelus bactrianus fibroblast cell lines, microsatellites loci from the genome of Iranian Camelus bactrianus cell lines were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based isolation of microsatellite arrays (PIMA) methods for genetic resources studies. PIMA is a relatively simple method which avoids not only library construction, but also radioactivity manipulation. Four polymorphic microsatellite loci (IBRC01 to IBRC04) were identified. Polymorphism of these new loci was assessed in 40 samples of Iranian bactrian camel. Number of alleles ranged from 3 to 5, observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.625 to 0.71 and from 0.642 to 0.807 and Shannon index from 0.89 to 1.603, respectively. The phylogeny analysis of all sequences indicated that breeds and species were grouped according to their geographic locations except a few sequences. These newly isolated polymorphic microsatellite markers would be useful tools for conservation genetic resources and population genetic studies and assessing genetic variations to establish a conservation strategy of this endangered species.


The invention discloses a method used for air purification and the disinfection of an air conditioning ventilation system. Photo-catalysed nano active water can kill bacteria, viruses and microorganism in the air, can decompose organic contaminant in the air, moistens the air with the photo-catalysed nano active water by a moistener, sends the moistened air into the ventilation system of the air conditioner, and disinfects the ventilation system of the air conditioner. Meanwhile, the photo-catalysed nano active water purifies the air and decomposes an organic nutriment depending on which the oxidation bacteria and viruses survive, thus killing the bacteria and viruses. The method used for air purification and the disinfection of an air conditioning ventilation system has important significance and obvious effect for preventing various epidemic situations such as poultry flu, SARS, hepatitis B, pulmonary tuberculosis, etc. and purifying the harmful gases indoors such as formaldehyde, benzene, etc. Furthermore, disinfection and treatment can also be carried out by spraying and sprinkling the active water by the moistener, an air purifier and a sprayer. The method used for air purification and the disinfection of an air conditioning ventilation system is suitable for public places, families, animal living places, crop greenhouses, flowers, gardens, etc. The technique of the invention has low cost and is easy to be generalized and applied.


The classification of human-made acoustic events is important for the monitoring and recognition of human activities or critical behavior. In our experiments on acoustic event classification for the utilization in the sector of health care, we defined different acoustic events which represent critical events for elderly or people with disabilities in ambient assisted living environments or patients in hospitals. This contribution presents our work for acoustic event classification using deep learning techniques. We implemented and trained various convolutional neural networks for the extraction of deep feature vectors making use of current best practices in neural network design to establish a baseline for acoustic event classification. We convert chunks of audio signals into magnitude spectrograms and treat acoustic events as images. Our data set contains 20 different acoustic events which were collected in two different recording sessions combining human and environmental sounds. Our results demonstrate how efficient convolutional neural networks perform in the domain of acoustic event classification.


Although the respiratory center of normal persons responds to carbon dioxide with a predictable increase in minute volume of ventilation, the patient with pulmonary emphysema manifests a relatively lower increment of ventilation to inhalation of a given carbon dioxide percentage (Scott 1 ). This difference in response has been commonly explained on the basis of impairment of the sensitivity of the respiratory center, due to the presence of hypercapnia in this entity. 2-5 However, other investigators have recently presented sound physiologic evidence which suggests that the lowered ventilatory response to carbon dioxide is caused by limitation in the maximal breathing capacity and that there is no demonstrable impairment of the respiratory center itself. 6-8 As a result of analyzing previous data from our clinic as well as findings of more recent investigations, 9,10 I propose the concept that the work of breathing, including the factor responsible for respiratory effort, frequently takes precedence over the activity


Abstract Arynes are important building blocks for introducing aromatic rings into molecules and they are frequently utilized in syntheses. Historically, arynes were generated under harsh conditions and this limited their use. Arynes can now be generated under milder conditions, e.g. from 2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl triflate, and utilized in transition-metal catalyzed reactions such as [2+2+2] reactions, insertion into σ-bonds, cascade cyclizations and C–H activation reactions. This short review focuses on transition-metal-catalyzed reactions relevant to aryne intermediates generated from 2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl triflates and other aryne precursors. 1 Introduction 2 [2+2+2] Reactions 3 Aryne Insertion into a σ-Bond 4 Cascade Cyclizations 5 C–H Activation 6 Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) 7 Conclusion


The evolution of Information Technology has undoubtedly made a significant contribution to many entrepreneurial smash hits of the last decades. Computer Self-Efficacy is an IT specific measure of the general ability to use computers and software and its relation to entrepreneurial intention, a valid precursor of entrepreneurial behavior, consists an interesting topic which recently came into focus of entrepreneurship research. In this empirical research conducted among secondary education students, the efficacy of autonomous use of computer software is highlighted as an influential factor for the entrepreneurial intentions of students. Autonomous use of computer software incorporates increased learning motivation, risk taking and openness to new experiences, which are essential for entrepreneurship. The findings have useful implications both for instructors and software designers.


The present invention provides a typesetting apparatus and a typesetting method based on a typesetting result. The typesetting apparatus comprises an obtaining unit, obtaining content adjustment information when receiving an adjustment command corresponding to an existing file typesetting result; a processing unit, when the content adjustment information comprises added-content information and/or modified-content information, extracting an added-content file and/or a modified-content file therefrom, typesetting the added-content file and/or the modified-content file to obtain the typeset added-content file and/or the typeset modified-content file, and when the modified-content information comprises typesetting undo information, extracting a typesetting undo content file; and an executing unit, deleting the typesetting undo content file from an existing file typesetting result and/or inserting the typeset added-content file and/or the typeset modified-content file into the existing file typesetting result, to obtain a new file typesetting result. The technical scheme can implement the addition, deletion or modification on the typeset content on the basis of the existing typesetting result, thereby improving typesetting efficiency.


The article deals with actual problems of appointment and production of a relatively new type of judicial and economic examinations, i.e. tax examination. The author analyzes the place and role of the aforementioned examination in the course of investigation of evasion from tax payment and/or collecting from the organization.


The water resources regime of the Himalyas has been in a phase of transition over the last 30 years. Figure 1 shows temperature and precipitation from 1978 to 2008 measured at a typical location, Bhang in the Pir-Panjal range of the Himalayas. There is a sign of rise in the seasonal mean temperature (0.1oC/year at Bhang) and rise in the consumption of freshwater. The pattern of rainfall is variable and the Himalayan snow cover and snowmelt runoff contributions to the streams are changing due to warming (Verdhen et al. 2011). The change in precipitation and runoff is also related to deforestation and unscientific capital-intensive rapid development in the region over three decades (Verdhen and Prasad 1993, Arora et al. 2008). Human interference, trekking, tourism and mobility have multiplied the uncertainty related to the sustainability of the Himalayan water resources. Verdhen et al. (2014) used an average condition temperature–time– melt–flow (TTiMQ) regression model to reduce the prediction variability at the local scale.


Objective To investigate the relation between IDA And the development of pregnancy and the influencing factors of anemia and provide preventive methods.Methods Hemoglobulin(Hb),serum iron(Fe) were measured in 850 pregnant women.Results The incidence of IDA in the pregnancy was 53%,and could be higher with the development of pregnancy.After 28 weeks of pregnany,the incidence of IDA,arkedly increased,especially during 28-36 weeks of pregnancy,which reached the park with the incidence of 53%,conclusion After 12-16 weeks of pregnany,women should be suggeated to be supple mented with iron.


To settle the problem of accounting information distortion in capital market, we should perfect the external governance structure of the corporation, standardize and promote the building of capital market. The board of supervisors should be entrusted the right of decision made and examined, and the right of decision executed and supervised. And we can introduce part of private property right to form the pluralistic property structure.


The extent of surface crevassing on the Greenland Ice Sheet is a large source of uncertainty in processes controlling mass loss, including iceberg calving, ice rheology, and water routing. However, no work to date has comprehensively mapped the location of surface crevasses or 15 examined their evolution through time. Here, we use high-resolution digital elevation models to infer the 3-dimensional evolution of crevasse fields across the Greenland Ice Sheet between 2016 and 2021. Whilst the change in the total volume of crevasses was within error (+4.3 ± 5.9%), large and significant increases occurred at accelerating marine-terminating sectors of the ice sheet (up to +25.3 ± 10.1%). These increases were offset only by a reduction in crevasse volume in the 20 central west sector (-14.2 ± 3.2%), particularly at Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), which underwent a temporary slowdown over the study period. Changes in crevasse volume correlate strongly with antecedent discharge changes, indicating that Greenland's acceleration is affecting significant increases in crevassing on a timescale of less than five years. This rapid response provides a mechanism for mass-loss-promoting feedbacks on sub-decadal timescales, including 25 increased calving, faster flow, and accelerated water transfer to the bed.


This paper explores the methods,procedures of GIS-based evaluation of the tobacco growing adaptability,and discusses such methods as the spatial interpolation,the index quantification and the weight determination.It provided a solution for key problems of hierarchical model building of integrated evaluation models.


1. Values for total body vitamin B 12 were calculated for eighteen patients by giving a tracer dose of radioactive cyanocobalamin and measuring the radioactivity and microbiological activity in liver biopsies obtained at laparotomy. 2. The values for total body vitamin B 12 ranged from 960 to 5984 μg with a mean of 2528 μg. Five values were greater and thirteen less than the mean. 3. Significant correlations were found between the serum vitamin B 12 and total body vitamin B 12 , the serum vitamin B 12 and the hepatic vitamin B 12 and the hepatic B 12 and the total body vitamin B 12 .


Professor ZHU Ke-zhen suggested that the research work should be connected withpractice and should serve the people and the nations reconstruction, meanwhile, basic theoryshould be studied intensively. He pointed out emphatically that the scientific research activitiesof new China should be collectivized and absorb the mass experience widely. Academic freedomis the atmosphere of scientific development


To explore the cloud effects (CE) on the radiative heating/cooling rate (HC) profiles in the atmosphere from ISCCP-FD, we use its 2009 3-hrly radiative profile flux subset ('PRF') to produce the seasonally-regionally averaged HCCE at eight local solar hours for the seven latitudinal zones, from Tropics to Polar regions. Clouds introduce an additional SW absorber to clear sky and essentially move more solar absorption upward that generates positive (negative) HCCE for the upper (lower) atmosphere with distinctive sign-changing levels, mostly at ∼440 and ∼680 hPa over most of time and with a strong diurnal variation. Clouds also move LW emission upward that causes less (more) emission in lower (upper) atmosphere and makes HCCE appear as a heating (cooling) as opposed to the SW HCCE with a reversed diurnal variation. Large LW heating mostly appears around midnight in the lower atmospheric layers with also distinctive heating/cooling sign-changing levels similar to SW but in an opposite sense. The total HCCE ...


OBJECTIVE The quantitative analysis of hydrolysable tannins in four varieties of Fructus Chebulae was carried out by using RP HPLC.METHODS A NovaPak C 18 column (3.9 mm×150 mm,4 μm) was used with a solvent system consisting of MeOH 2%HAc (27∶73) and a UV detector at 280 nm.The flow rate was 1 mL·min -1 .RESULTS The linear ranges of compound Ⅰ~Ⅲ were 3.32~ 16.60 ,3.48~17.40 and 2.74~13.70 μg,respectively.The average recoveries were 100.30%,96.62% and 86.38% with RSD =2.75%, 2.53% and 3.70%,respectively.CONCLUSION The contents of hydrolysable tannins in the fruits of Terminalia argyrophylla,T.bellirca and Phyllanthus emblica were very low,these three varieties should not be used as Fructus Chebulae.A new kind of crude drug of Fructus Chebulae——temporarily named "Ganlan Hezi" was found,its fruit was rich in hydrolysable tannins,and can be used as Fructus Chebulae.


Director, Drug Information Group and Prior Authorization Services, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois In this fi nal column of a 4-part series on key components of the Federal Controlled Substances Act, dispensing requirements, electronic controlled substances prescriptions, and fraudulent controlled substances prescriptions will be discussed. Similar to other medications, prescription labels for controlled substances are required to contain all of the following elements prior to dispensing to the patient1:


[reaction: see text] Highly substituted bicyclo[3.2.1]octadiene building blocks are easily prepared from tetrachloro- or tetrabromocyclopropene through reaction with cyclic dienes. These polyhalogenated derivatives can serve as precursors to a variety of functionalized bridged bicyclic compounds. Herein, we report on the generation and reaction of electrophilic species with silver ion.


OBJECTIVE: To compare three laboratory screening protocols for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from surveillance specimens (mannitol-salt agar containing 2 ug/mL of oxacillin [MSA-2], mannitol-salt agar containing 4 ug/mL of oxacillin [MSA-4], and a broth-containing protocol as recommended by the American Society for Microbiology [M-ASM]). DESIGN: Blinded comparative laboratory study and cost analysis. SETTING: University-affiliated microbiology laboratory. METHODS: Outcome measurements included rate of detection of MRSA-positive specimens and patients, turnaround time, and media and technologist costs. All MRSA culture swabs obtained from any patient site from November 1998 to April 1999 were included. RESULTS: The M-ASM protocol detected between 19.1% and 32.0% more MRSA-positive specimens and between 13.3% and 23.3% more MRSA-positive patients per surveillance event than the MSA-4 and MSA-2 protocols, respectively. There was no difference in positive-culture reporting time between the M-ASM and MSA-4 protocols. The broth-containing protocol was 2to 2.5-fold more expensive than the simpler protocols, taking into account media and laboratory personnel costs. CONCLUSIONS: It remains to be determined whether it is cost beneficial for a hospital to adopt the M-ASM, as the potential cost of MRSA transmission from unidentified MRSA-colonized patients is unknown. A broth-containing protocol should be considered the gold standard in future studies examining newer MRSA screening protocols (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001;22:152-156). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most significant nosocomial pathogens of the past 2 decades, being responsible for significant patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. In an effort to limit the nosocomial spread of MRSA, many centers rely on surveillance programs to identify asymptomatic colonized patients, so that appropriate barrier precautions may be used to interrupt transmission. The laboratory protocol used to isolate MRSA from surveillance sites is a critical component to such programs. Different laboratory protocols have been used for the detection of MRSA-colonized patients. Several small non-blinded studies have examined the use of staphylococcal broth cultures in addition to solid-agar media and have reported that broth culture increases the sensitivity of detecting MRSA from clinical specimens from 11% to 60% over solid-agar media. Based on these studies, the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) recommends as primary culture media a salt-containing, tryptone-based broth in conjunction with a blood agar (BA) plate and a mannitol-salt agar (MSA) plate containing 4 ug/mL of oxacillin. It remains uncertain, however, whether a brothcontaining protocol is truly more sensitive than a solid-agar protocol, as none of the aforementioned studies were blinded. Furthermore, it is unknown whether broth-containing protocols actually detect more MRSA-colonized patients or just a larger percentage of culture sites. Finally, neither the reporting times of broth-containing protocols nor their associated costs have been addressed adequately. We undertook a study of the sensitivity of three surveillance protocols: MSA solid agar containing 2 and 4 ug/mL of oxacillin (MSA-2 and MSA-4 protocols, respectively) and a modified broth-containing ASM protocol (M-ASM protocol) where the subculture MSA plate was replaced by an MSA4 plate to decrease bacterial overgrowth. Reporting times for positive and negative results, as well as laboratory and technologist costs, were determined. From the Infection Prevention and Control Unit (Drs, Gardam, Brunton, and Conly), Department of Microbiology, Toronto Medical Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto; and Department of Microbiology (Drs. McGeer and Low; Ms. Willey), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Address reprint requests to Michael Gardam, MSc, MD, 200 Elizabeth St, NUW13-132, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada. This research has been presented in part at the 39th ICAAC; September 1999; San Francisco, California. The authors thank the following individuals: Iris Ann Edwards, Helen Didier, Kit Wong, and Dr. Ivii Campbell for laboratory assistance, and Zahir Hirji for assistance in data collection. 00-OA-024. Gardam M, Brunton J, Willey B, McGeer A, Low D, Conly J. A blinded comparison of three laboratory protocols for the identification of patients colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001;22:152-156. Vol. 22 No. 3 BROTH CULTURE FOR THE DETECTION OF MRSA 153 METHODS Specimen Source and Processing The microbiology section of the Toronto Medical Laboratories receives 30 to 60 MRSA surveillance specimens daily from six Toronto hospitals (including universityaffiliated teaching hospitals, community hospitals, and chronic-care institutions). Twenty random specimens received by the laboratory each day were processed in triplicate in the following manner: each culture swab was streaked on a sheep BA plate (PML Microbiologicals, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada); an MSA-2 plate (Quelab, Montreal, Quebec, Canada); two MSA-4 plates (Oxoid, Nepean, Ontario, Canada); and finally broken off into a tryptone-based broth containing 7.5% NaCl, 1% mannitol, and 0.25% yeast extract (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI). The MSA-2 plate, MSA4 plate, and the M-ASM media (BA plate, MSA-4 plate, and broth culture) were delivered to three different sections of the laboratory. The three protocols were worked on by different experienced technologists who were blinded to each other's work. The technologists were not rotated through the different protocols. Laboratory Protocols All media were incubated at 35°C in 5% C02. The primary agar media of all three protocols were examined at 24 and 48 hours for typical staphylococcal colonies. The broth culture was subcultured after 24 hours to a BA plate and an MSA-4 plate which, in turn, were examined at 24 and 48 hours. Suspicious colonies were identified as S aureus by catalase production, positive slide coagulase (Staphaurex; Murex Biotech Limited, Kent, England), or positive tube coagulase tests. When required, subculture onto colistinnaladixic agar or DNase testing were performed. All presumed MRSA isolates were confirmed for oxacillin resistance by growth on a Mueller-Hinton agar containing 4 ug/mL oxacillin, Vitek gram-positive sensitivity card testing (bioMerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France), inoculation of a BBL crystal (Becton-Dickinson, Cockeysville, MD), or polymerase chain reaction for the mecA gene. Technologist Times, Reporting Times, and Cost Analysis Technologist times for the M-ASM and MSA-4 protocols were estimated from random time-motion observations. For the M-ASM protocol, reporting times also were calculated separately for each of the primary media. Media costs for the M-ASM protocol were tabulated daily by a technologist, whereas media costs of the MSA-4 protocol were estimated, taking into account the percentage of MRSA-positive specimens reported. Estimated costs relating to MRSA colonization or infection for a Canadian hospital were obtained from the literature. All costs are reported in Canadian dollars. Statistical Analysis Data were entered into SPSS (version 8.0; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL), and statistical comparisons were tested at the 5% level of significance for a two-tailed test, using either the McNemar Test for correlated proportions or the binomial distribution, where appropriate. The number of MRSAcolonized patients detected by the three protocols was calculated by analyzing whether a patient would have been declared MRSA-positive or -negative by each of the three protocols for each day that surveillance cultures were performed (defined as a "surveillance event"). Review of our laboratory results indicated that approximately 8% of surveillance specimens are positive for MRSA using the MSA-4 protocol. Assuming that the MASM protocol would detect 25% to 35% more positive specimens, as suggested in the literature, the study would have an 80% power of detecting a significant difference between the two protocols if 716 to 2,266 paired specimens were processed.


RESULTS— Endothelial adherence of monocytes from normolipidemic patients with IDDM (15.8 ± 4.5%) or NIDDM (16.9 ± 4.6%) was comparable to that of monocytes from a control population (15.3 ± 3.5%). In patients with NIDDM with a serum triglyceride concentration >2.5 mmol/1, the percentage of cells that adhere to endothelial cells in vitro was significantly increased (23.3 ± 3.1%). Glycemic control did not correlate with monocyte adherence. The presence of symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, age, or sex was not associated with a change in monocyte binding in vitro.


Willis A. Proctor Susan E. Corey In the first stage of the progr,1m. we used laptop computers in referral-to-placement procedures. During the second year. we began using computers in the IEP process. Interviews with special education teachers. parents. and administrators indicated that the use of laptop computers in these processes improved not only the quality of our work, but also the processes we used. Here is Iww we did it.


This paper was presented, in part, as a plenary lecture at the Seventh International Congress on Rheology at Gothenburg, Sweden on August 23, 1976 in observance of the centenary of Boltzmann's superposition principle.


IN general, recommendation systems are defined as techniques used to predict an individual assessment that will provide an item or social entities. These items can be books, movies, restaurants, and things to which individuals have different preferences. These systems help users to decide on the appropriate items and facilitate the task of finding a favorite collection items. The aim of this project is to create a system of recommendation based on textual documents, exactly will create an application making the recommendation of the mentor and the committee automatically based on the proposal of the topic and documents that are in the archive database. The algorithms that we have used are Rake which used to extract the keyword through textual documents and Leveshtein distance algorithm. This algorithm used to derive the similarity between documents based on keyword extraction that have the textual documents. Initially, the student must apply the system to be registered on the database, after applying the system extract the keywords from the document applied and compares with the proposals of the topics that are in the archive of data base and in the end brings us automatically appropriate mentor for the topic and the commission.


The main objective of this study was to determine the relative contributions of motivating factors on pupils' academic performance in mathematics in Bamenda II Sub Division. Two specific objectives, two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design and corelational research design. The population of the study was made up of 150 primary three pupils from two functional public primary schools in Bamenda II Sub Division. Making use of the Krejcie and Morgan table and employing the stratified proportionate sampling technique, 108 pupils were selected to constitute the sample of the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was validated by experts and its reliability assured using the Cronbach Alpha. The data was analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation (r), the co-efficient of determination (r2) to answer the research questions and the two tailed p-value for correlation to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that pupils' interests, incentives and rewards in mathematics classrooms all contribute significantly to their academic performance in mathematics. It was therefore recommended among other things that pupils' interest should be carefully instilled, nurtured, reactivated and sustained in a bid to keep them focused on the subject even in their later years of study. Furthermore, well thought of incentives and rewards in mathematics classrooms should be used as they play a significant role in improving the performances of pupils in mathematics


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Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com with a Troponin-I of 26 ng/ml. Emergent left heart catheterization was performed and did not reveal any obstructive coronary artery disease, yet the ostium of the right coronary was thought to have spasm and non-selective injection was performed without revealing any obvious abnormality. Hence, a Computerized Tomography (CT) aortography of the chest was ordered and aortic dissection was ruled out. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 50% with inferior wall and apico-septal hypokinesis. Due to the unexplained etiology of her presentation, the patient was transferred to a tertiary care hospital for further evaluation. Patient remained electrically and hemodynamically stable throughout her hospitalization despite the presence of intermittent chest pain episodes. This triggered a repeat left heart catheterization, which demonstrated spontaneous spiral dissection in the mid portion of the Posterior Descending Artery (PDA) (Figure 1) not previously seen by initial limited coronary angiography. Due to Concerns about the association of spontaneous dissection with Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD), an abdominal aortogram with bi-iliac angiogram was performed revealing right renal artery FMD (Figure 2). Volume 9 Issue 3 2017


Home-based food was a new trend in food business industry where the sellers' or the owners' fully prepared and handled food for sale from their home. This online food business had start blooming since the beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic due to various factors. Almost every Malaysian can produce and sell foods from their home, even without proper training and knowledge regarding food safety. These products were usually sold on online shopping platform or social media as marketing and ordering tools. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the status of Bacillus cereus that present in the selected home-based food products. Sambal belacan and sambal bilis, both packed in retort pouch and glass jar were chosen as representative samples. A total of 40 samples was purchased through online shopping platform, Shopee, with a pre-determined and appropriate screening. The method was set to simulate the real-life situation of how the home-based food purchasing were made by most peoples. The purchased samples were subjected to the enumeration of Bacillus cereus and total plate count (TPC). From the analysis, it was found that the B. cereus count of 8 out of 40 samples had exceeded the acceptable limit set by the Guidelines for Assessing the Microbiological Safety of Ready-to-Eat Foods, 2009, which is >1x104 CFU/g. This study indicated that the home-based food products still possess a threat regarding the presence of pathogenic anaerobic bacteria. More data and studies were still needed to validate the food safety status of home-based food products in the market.


It is common practice to, where possible, examine digital evidence in a 'clean' environment. This is typically achieved by imaging the media and examining the image in a laboratory or by booting the untrusted device with a known (clean) operating system – often from a read-only medium. In previous work it was demonstrated that the notion of a clean environment in the database forensics context is ambiguous given that the data in the database is interpreted through layers of metadata from which the data derives meaning. In previous work it was also demonstrated that different configurations of clean and found layers may be assembled to be able to best answer the forensic questions of interest. However it is obvious that there will not always be a clear 'best' configuration. In fact, often hypotheses will be best tested by asking questions about differences in query results provided by different configurations. The thesis in earlier work was that normal query languages (such as SQL) provide a powerful mechanism to obtain evidence (or leads) from a database. The current work claims that such query languages are even more useful in the case where different configurations are examined simultaneously and proposes that this technique should be explored in detail.


An endfire microphone array uses two omnidirectional microphones in a delay-and-sum configuration. A Blumlein array mixes one omnidirectional and one (bi)directional mic. Each can be engineered to provide any 1st order directional pattern. The three critical factors for providing good directionality include the relative sensitivity and phase between the microphones in addition to the placement of the hearing instrument on the user's head. In this context, a directional system is robust if its factors can operate over a wide range of levels without degrading the directional performance. In this study, each array was engineered to have the same aperture spacing and tuned to the same freefield polar pattern; this tuning provided the nominal operating levels. Both arrays were placed in-situ on a measurement manikin and 614 impulse responses were acquired in ten degree resolution on all four microphones for different in-situ positions. The data for each array were combined as described above, and the aforement...


: The IPI tax relief policy emerged from December 2008 as a response to the global crisis of 2008 that affected it in Brazil. The federal government defined the reduction of the the rates of different products from different industries. The general objective of this article is to evaluate the relationship of the IPI tax relief policy, from 2009 to 2013, the last year of the policy, on the tax revenue of the Brazilian municipalities. Specifically, to verify the existence of variability on tax revenue of the Brazilian municipalities, due to the heterogeneity of the municipalities, typical of a country with continental dimensions and socioeconomic disparities. It is justified to do this study considering that part of the amount of the IPI goes to the revenue of the municipalities and their dependence on intergovernmental transfers. The subsidies were obtained from the FINBRA and IBGE database, comprising the periods from the beginning of 2004 to the end of 2015. The methodology was a model Multilevel regression with panel data. The results showed that the tax collection of Brazilian municipalities, considering the entire sample, was positively affected by the IPI tax relief policy. It is possible to conclude that the tax collection of the Brazilian municipalities analyzed, in general, was affected by the IPI fiscal policy, meeting the initial expectation. The conclusion is justified by two non-exclusive notes: stabilizing effect of the IPI policy and efforts to collect funds from the municipalities.


An investigation w a s conducted to determine the vibrational characteristics of sandwich panels over a wide range of environmental pressure or density. Natural frequencies and damping of panels having aluminum honeycomb and polyurethane foam cores were determined for several modes of vibration over a pressure range from 760 torr (1 atmosphere) to quency or damping occur between a pressure of 1 torr and 10-6 torr. A decrease in pressure from 1 atmosphere to 1 torr produces an increase in frequency from 2 to 10 percent due to "apparent mass" effects and possible increases in panel thickness and shear rigidity. Furthermore, a corresponding decrease in pressure results in a linear decrease in damping due to a reduction in acoustic radiation. with pressure is dependent upon the mode shape of the panel. torr. Results indicate that no significant changes in either natural fre-The change in frequency and damping sandwich of core rigidity. for vibrational of


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To expand a drivable load region at a high-speed operation of a brushless DC motor while improving efficiency by suppressing a current in case of high-speed/high-load driving. SOLUTION: When the brushless DC motor is driven at a high-speed, a second waveform generator detects a load state from a phase difference between a waveform generated by itself by a load detector 18 and an induced voltage of the brushless DC motor, and controls an electrical conduction at a proper conductive angle corresponding to the load state determined by a conductive-angle controller. The second waveform generator further generates the waveform of a fixed duty at a frequency set by a frequency setter 8, and imparts a voltage waveform driving the brushless DC motor to an inverter 3. Consequently, the current advancing angle of the brushless DC motor can be held properly and the driving region of the brushless DC motor can be expanded while improving the efficiency. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT


On February 23-24 1998 the Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS and the AIDS Research Institute of the University of California at San Francisco convened in Geneva to prepare an outline statement on HIV prevention in the context of therapeutic advance. This document summarizes the conclusions and recommendations of the meeting. In light of the presentations and discussion a series of principles for the integration of prevention and care were identified. The principles covered issues on health promotion throughout the continuum of HIV/AIDS antiretroviral drugs and prevention the role of voluntary counseling and testing research issues the importance of reducing stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS funding issues and better information and communication. It is noted that the advent of new and more effective treatments for HIV creates important new challenges for HIV prevention. While some are linked to changing perceptions about the gravity of the epidemic others are linked to opportunities for preventing infection through post-exposure prophylaxis and related interventions. Hence research priorities should include identifying the range of prevention opportunities that arise across the continuum of care. Studies need to be undertaken on changes in risk behavior intermediate steps leading to change motivations and their determinants as well as the kinds of communication approaches which are more effective in achieving and maintaining risk reduction in the context of new therapies.


Preface. Acknowledgements. I. The language and its dialects 1. Cultural, literary and linguistic background 2. Dialects II. Alphabet, pronunciation and stress 3. Alphabet 4. Pronunciation 5. Stress 6. Verbs 7. Nouns 8. Pronouns 9. adjectives 10. Adverbs 11. Prepositions 12. Conjunctions 13. Enclitics 14. Numerals 15. Quantifiers 16. Determiners 17. Particles, conjunctions and exclamations IV. Sentence elements and structure 18. A sentence 19. Sentence structure 20. word construction Appendixes. Cyrillic cursive. Formation of the genitive. Declensions of nouns: 1st declension. 2nd declension. 3rd declension. References


Abstract The Gram-negative bacterial genus Brucella includes six classic species based on host specificity, pathogenicity and phenotypic differences. Four more Brucella species were identified in 2007. Although many Brucella genomes have been sequenced, genome sequences and analysis of Brucella strains isolated in China are still scarce. An efficient genome-based Brucella typing method is also needed. In this study, we used the minimum core genome (MCG) typing method to identify and type Brucella strains. Twenty Brucella isolates from China were newly sequenced. The genome sequences of 55 representative Brucella strains were downloaded. Among the 75 genomes, 1089 genes and 52,030 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) shared by all isolates were considered as the MCG genes and MCG SNPs. Using these 52,030 MCG SNPs, Brucella was divided into six MCG groups. In addition, average nucleotide identity (ANI) values and the distributions of 184 virulence genes were all computed. The proportions of virulence genes were 90.96%, 93.56%, 95.89%, 86.04%, 85.78% and 91.87% for MCG groups 1 to 6, respectively. The intragroup ANI values were higher than the intergroup values, further confirming the validity of the MCG taxonomy classification. Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus, the two main Brucella species pathogenic to humans, were well separated from other species. With the development and cost reduction of next-generation sequencing, the MCG typing method can be used for rapid identification of Brucella, which can contribute to the rapid diagnosis of brucellosis and ensure timely and effective treatment.


Wearable activity recognition is an important area for healthcare applications, especially for children and elderly people. Current research proves that deep learning techniques are capable of learning deep features from the sensor raw signal. However, this task faces two challenges. First, it is hard to capture the dynamic and non-linear interactions between different sensor modalities and time slots. Besides, the spatial relationship between sensors convey significant information for wearable activity recognition, thus how to model the sensor relationship is one of the problems that need to be solved. In this work, we propose GraphConvLSTM, a scalable framework that model spatial relationship, local interaction, and long-term temporal dependency simultaneously. We evaluate our model on two real-world activity recognition datasets, and it achieves 1.75%, 2.68% accuracy improvements over existing methods (accuracy: 90.83%, 93.08%) for wearable activity recognition task, which demonstrates the ability of the proposed approach to learn spatial, local and global temporal features.


Herein four new species of Lepidocyrtoides are described and illustrated: three from Brazilian Amazon, L. caeruleomaculatus sp. nov., L. colormutatus sp. nov. and L. bicolorangelus sp. nov., all similar to each other by macrochaetotaxy reduced; and L. hopkini sp. nov. from New South Wales, Australia. Lepidocyrtoides tapuia comb. nov. (Arle & Guimaraes) and L. villasboasi comb. nov. (Arle & Guimaraes) are redescribed and transferred from Lepidosira Schott due to projection of mesothorax over head and manubrial plate with blunt macrochaetae. Neotypes are designated to both species. The holotype of L. oliveri Liu, Chen & Greenslade is analyzed and details of the dorsal chaetotaxy are added. Keys to the five species of the genus from Brazil and six from Australia are provided. Lepidocyrtoides now is recorded from the New World, South and Southeast Asia and Oceania, and the records of Lepidosira in the American continent are excluded.


Ultraviolet images of the SAB(s)c I-II galaxy M83 (NGC 5236) obtained with a rocketborne telescope in broad bandpasses centered at 1540 A and 2360 A show a bright resolved nuclear source which accounts for approximately 20 percent of the flux of the galaxy in both bandpasses. Low-resolution International Ultraviolet Explorer spectra of this source reveal an energy distribution similar to that of the starburst nucleus of NGC 7714. Strong blueshifted absorption lines can be interpreted as evidence for a nuclear wind powered by supernovae. Observations from UV, X-ray, optical, and far-infrared bandpasses are consistent with a starburst approximately one-sixth as strong as that in M82. A scaling of the M82 models of Rieke et al. (1980) predicts that the nucleus of M83 contains 10 to the 6th - 3 x 10 to the 7th solar masses in young stars and has a supernova rate of approximately 0.01 per yr.


AbstractThis paper analyzes the effects of the representation form of a multinationalbank (MNB) on its prudential regulation. We compare regulators' incentives toreact to information in taking prudential actions in branch-organised MNBs withthose in subsidiary-organised MNBs. We show that the liability structure impliedby the representation form of the MNB has a crucial impact on regulators' be-havior. We argue that the information exchange between regulators may be moreimportant in subsidiary-organised MNBs than in branch-organised ones.Keywords: Multinational banks, prudential regulation, information exchange.Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: L51, F23, G21, G28. ∗ We are extremely grateful to Denis Gromb for valuable comments provided on a continuous-timebasis. We have benefited from the comments of Erik Berglof, Mike Burkart, Alejandro Cunat, RomanInderts, Colin Mayer and seminar participants at ENTE "Luigi Einaudi", Financial Markets Group,Oxford Said Business School and SITE Stockholm School of Economics. The usual disclaimer applies.


Controlled hydrolysis of the cubane [SnNtBu]4 with H2O int thf-MeCN provides a direct route to the oxo complex [Sn4(NtBu)3O], reaction of which with naphNHLi (naph = 1-naphthyl) gives the heteroleptic cubane [Sn4(NtBu)3(Nnaph)] at the sole product.


Halflives of some excited states in decay products of ThB (212Pb) have been measured by the delayed coincidence technique. For 208Pb the results are: 3 198 keV level 286±26 ps, 3 475 keV level 4±3 ps, 3 961 keV level ⩽ 18 ps. For 212Bi the results are: 238 keV level ⩽ 5 ps, 415 keV level ⩽ 10 ps, 115 keV level (8±4) ps. The use of ThB, 60Co and 198Au as time calibration standards is discussed.


This paper presents a novel grammar-based GUI with an integrated back-end engine that enables accurate single view reconstruction with minimum supplementary information from the user. Our grammar allows a dynamic symbolic capture of constraints, which can be solved together in the end to eliminate incremental errors. This approach focuses on the simultaneous reconstruction of connected faces minimizing least square error, as opposed to a piece-wise approach where error keeps building up at every stage. We demonstrate how our Graphical User Interface is usable even by a layman to generate 3D models with negligible error.


..............................................................................................4 Introduction .........................................................................................7 Orientations .......................................................................................12 Medical Practice in the United States................................................12 Working in the PRC: A Primer.......................................................13 First Encounters ..................................................................................17 Arrival in Guangzhou..................................................................17 Zhong Nanshan: Voice of the Medical Community.............................19 The Medical College, the First Hospital, and the Respiratory Institute.....21 Pecking Order .....................................................................................24 Medical Students.........................................................................25 Master's and Ph.D. Students..........................................................27 Low-level Physicians....................................................................30 Advanced Study Physicians...........................................................32 Mid-level Physicians ....................................................................33 Upper-level Physicians..................................................................34 Physicians Who Study Abroad and Return to China...........................35 The Academician.........................................................................37 Nurses.......................................................................................37 Clinical Practice ...................................................................................40 LEONARD, WORKING LIVES OF CHINESE PHYSICIANS 3 of 124 Penn Humanities Forum Mellon Undergraduate Research Fellowship, Final Paper April 2010 Ryan A. Leonard, College '10 Finding My Place in the Work Unit.................................................40 The Respiratory Institute's Outpatient Clinic.....................................43 The Second Ward of the Respiratory Institute....................................49 Academic Medicine ......................................................................................................62 The Lung Function Lab.................................................................63 Haiyin State Key Laboratory..........................................................66 Deconstructing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)..........................70 Barriers to Success........................................................................73 Medical Morality and Jurisprudence ........................................................75 Law in America and China............................................................75 Physicians at Fault.......................................................................78 The Advanced Study Physician and the Law: A Collision Course..........82 Medical Morality Explained .........................................................84 Fighting Corruption ..................................................................87 Conclusion .......................................................................................91 Beginnings and Endings..............................................................91 Reflections and Applications........................................................92 Appendix..........................................................................................95 Bibliography......................................................................................102 LEONARD, WORKING LIVES OF CHINESE PHYSICIANS 4 of 124 Penn Humanities Forum Mellon Undergraduate Research Fellowship, Final Paper April 2010 Ryan A. Leonard, College '10 Abstract China is now the world's largest source of both patients and physicians. Yet today, several factors make the experience of being a physician in mainland China markedly different from the physician experience elsewhere, even from neighboring regions of Hong Kong and Taiwan. The Chinese Communist Partyregulated structure of the health care system—from government agencies at the state, provincial and city levels to the cadre authority structure of individual hospitals—is one of these differences. Widespread inequities in income exist in Chinese cities, where physicians in tertiary institutions earn several times the amount of those stationed at community health centers. Physicians in cities are substantially better off than their rural counterparts. Problems emerge when physicians don't play by the rules and when the government creates incentives for doctors to cheat. In China, that was the general trend following Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms; short on capital, public hospitals began acting more like for-profit entities, and physicians like drug salesmen. Few legal safeguards existed to protect the public, and the patient-physician relationship in China was never the same. LEONARD, WORKING LIVES OF CHINESE PHYSICIANS 5 of 124 Penn Humanities Forum Mellon Undergraduate Research Fellowship, Final Paper April 2010 Ryan A. Leonard, College '10 In summer 2009 I embarked on a journey to southern China to experience the Chinese health care system firsthand and to learn everything I could about the medical profession there. This thesis is based on three months of field work at a tertiary academic hospital in Guangzhou, the provincial capital of Guangdong and historically one of China's most important port cities. Participant observation and interviews were my primary means of gathering data. I frame my discussion for the layman who has had no previous exposure to Chinese culture. The story I tell is of a motley group of Chinese people navigating through life in a demanding profession, one that—now more than ever—looks to the established medical tradition of the West for guidance. Some are hopeful about China's future, others jaded, but all have something to share. I spent eleven weeks shadowing clinicians, physician scientists, and researchers stationed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College (the First Hospital)—mostly in areas associated with the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease (the Respiratory Institute), the hospital's premier department. The central figure there was the academician Zhong Nanshan, a professor of respiratory medicine who has led the life of an academic superstar. Remembered by the media for his heroics in fighting SARS in 2003 and his refusal to hide from the public the government's shortcomings in dealing with the epidemic, Dr. Zhong is now a leading proponent of medical reform in China and one of the nation's most respected physicians. The ethnographic parts of this thesis recount my experience as a participant observer in clinical and research settings. My first stop was the Outpatient Clinic, where I shadowed two young residents. The fast-paced atmosphere of the Outpatient Clinic not only tested their clinical knowledge, but also exposed them to the realities of medical practice in a health care system choked by inequities. I LEONARD, WORKING LIVES OF CHINESE PHYSICIANS 6 of 124 Penn Humanities Forum Mellon Undergraduate Research Fellowship, Final Paper April 2010 Ryan A. Leonard, College '10 spent the next three weeks in the Second Ward, where I observed the working relationships between physicians at different stages in their careers. One of my goals in this thesis is to examine how professional relations in the work unit had changed since the 1984 publication of an important ethnography of a Chinese hospital (Henderson Cohen, 1984). I was surprised to observe and take part in a welcoming, communal atmosphere that contrasted sharply with the work unit's rigid authority structure. Finally, I leave the clinical arena to explore the working life of physician scientists, learning how medical research in China—sponsored heavily by the government—is distinctly tied to nationalist goals. The last section examines Chinese physician identity as framed by lawmakers and leaders in the medical profession. In a time when moral life and its legal safeguards are evolving rapidly, medical morality and jurisprudence could radically reshape professional ethics for future generations. Rapid scientific progress in an increasingly complex field demands qualified, reliable, and moral individuals to take up the burden of medical practice. The physicians of the Respiratory Institute are the best in their specialty. Unlike many physicians in China, they have their patients' trust, access to a vast network of academic resources, and motivation to reach the highest echelons on their field. Following closely in the footsteps of their leader Dr. Zhong, the doctors of the Respiratory Institute represent the nation's future leaders of medicine—a profession that continues to model itself after the established Western model. I received a Mellon Fellowship from the Penn Undergraduate Humanities Forum 2009-2010 to conduct this research. LEONARD, WORKING LIVES OF CHINESE PHYSICIANS 7 of 124 Penn Humanities Forum Mellon Undergraduate Research Fellowship, Final Paper April 2010 Ryan A. Leonard, College '10 LEONARD, WORKING LIVES OF CHINESE PHYSICIANS 8 of 124 Penn Humanities Forum Mellon Undergraduate Research Fellowship, Final Paper April 2010 Ryan A. Leonard, College '10 Introduction China's economic miracle has captivated the international community for the past two decades. Nevertheless, our government has remained cautious and critical of the nation's social and political institutions. Jingoists in the nineties coined the "China Threat Theory," reflecting the American fear of a twenty-first century dominated by a Chinese superpower. Political and social unrest over persecution of local minorities and territorial disputes have ignited and continue to induce d


Today universities are working hard to be internationalize as one of the tool which used commonly among universities is international accreditation. Thus, strategic gives a clear point about future to achieve university goals. Therefore study going to investigate if students' preference and organizational culture have a relationship with strategic intent towards international accreditation Jordanian private universities. The technique will be used to investigate the relations between variables is Sperman correlation analysis. In addition, researchers will use descriptive analysis such; collinearity and normality analysis. The scope of study is combing three Jordanian private universities. The choose sample depend on group of people like; the dean, dean, and head of departments. The recommendation for future research to investigate further more factors might have a relationship with strategic intent of superior management within educational and other context.