Preface Background The aim of this handbook is to help applicants to appreciate some of the statistical pitfalls that await them when constructing a grant proposal. It was written by the following six statisticians based at St George's Hospital Medical School: All six authors routinely reviewed grant proposals for The South East Research and Development Project Grant Scheme. This was a responsive funding scheme for the South East Regional Office which ran for a number of years until it ended in October 2001. The scheme was responsible for spending of approximately £1.2 million each year on new and ongoing projects, all based on researchers' own ideas. Its primary objective was the production of new, high quality knowledge. It was open to anyone whose work was relevant to the UK National Health Service (NHS). Up to 150,000 pounds was available for each project, although the majority were smaller. The criteria stipulated that applications were to be relevant to the NHS, to follow a clear, well defined protocol, would withstand external peer review and that the findings would be generalisable to others in the NHS. Although academic advice was available to applicants through Research and Development Support Units (RDSU) in the Region and detailed guidance notes accompanied the application form, a number of common statistical problems consistently emerged. It is hoped that in summarising these statistical weak points the handbook will be of use to those applying for research funding from any source and in the long term reduce the number of proposals that are rejected by grant giving bodies purely on statistical grounds. The handbook was commissioned and initially funded by the South East Regional Office (SERO) Research and Knowledge Management Office Directorate who provided comments and encouragement throughout the writing process. In this respect the authors would particularly like to extend their thanks to John Newton and Lesley Elliott. Content The process of constructing the handbook began with a pilot exercise. All six authors retrieved their reviews for the last year to two years noting down recurring comments. Based on the results of the pilot work a list of topics was drawn up to form the main skeleton of the handbook. A few additional topics have since been added at the suggestion of Colin Cryer (South East Institute of Public Health) a fellow statistical reviewer for The Project Grant Scheme and Using the handbook The handbook is not designed to …


This study investigated the ability of university music majors to aurally perceive sudden and gradual tempo changes of various magnitudes in several different musical compositions. Differing rates of tempo change, the least change being 1 M.M.14 measures, were incorporated into four musical compositions by a computer. Forty-two music majors were tested individually in a repeated measure design. They listened and decided whether tempo change occurred in each piece. Results indicated that subjects detected tempo changes better when the change was (a) increased rather than decreased for one composition, (b) sudden rather than gradual, (c) greater rather than smaller in magnitude, and (d) one- directional rather than two. Tempo accuracy was not found to relate to the amount of musical training. It was concluded that perception of music tempo could be affected by many factors. Further research using modulated music tempo was recommended.


Vaccination plays a fundamental role in mastering the COVID‐19 pandemic and protecting vulnerable groups. Persons with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) requiring immunosuppressive therapies are prioritized for vaccination. However, data concerning immunogenicity and safety of the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine in immunosuppressed patients are not found. This study presents data on the efficacy and safety of the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine in immunosuppressed patients compared to healthy controls.


A sliding module of a sliding type portable terminal is provided to be configured on a side of a housing instead of being disposed in a central part of the housing, thereby preventing interference between components of the terminal as reducing a space of a central part of the terminal, consequently slimness and miniaturization of the terminal can be realized. A combiner(11a) is formed on a side of a body housing(10). A guide member(40) is combined with the combiner(11a), and guides sliding motion of a sliding housing(20). A double elastic member(50) is confronted with the guide member(40) as being coupled with the sliding housing(20), and provides elastic power in a mobile direction and a vertical direction of the mobile direction when the sliding housing(20) slides.


The article presents a structure of educative process in individual language training of specialists. Realization of basic components of multilingual adaptive educatory technology is considered on the basis of educatory milieu concept.


This paper investigates several techniques for hardening CMOS curcuitry against transiently triggered latchup. Measurements of critical rise time are made on four variations of the p-n-p-n structure inherent to CMOS. For each structure the n-well and substrate shunt resistances are varied as is the substrate bias. These measurements are performed on both bulk and epi-samples using both topside and backside substrate contacts. Comparison of the parasitic bipolar transistors comprising the p-n-p-n structures reveals that differences in bipolar behavior do not completely explain the differences in p-n-p-n latchup behavior. Test results are used to rate the various hardening techniques.


When General Maltby assumed command in July 1941 the four regular battalions composing the normal infantry garrison of Hong Kong were 2nd Royal Scots, 1st Middlesex, 5/7th Rajput and 2/14th Punjab. To provide more infantry, he gained permission to raise a battalion of Chinese soldiers, but recruiting did not begin until October, too late for the unit to be formed by the time war began.


Arch is a structure suffers press mainly, and the problem of stability is very standout. As the continuous increase of arch's spanning capability, application of new materials, arch structural integral and partial rigidity comparative declines and makes the problem of arch's stability even more standout. In this article, through study on stability of arch bridge by finite element method, we discussed arch bridge's linear and nonlinear finite element solve method.


Participants Primiparous women who sustained primary third-degree tears during childbirth Intervention Early biofeedback physiotherapy (using a portable machine) Comparison Pelvic floor exercise education Outcomes Primary: differences in anorectal manometry at 3 months postpartum. Secondary: Cleveland clinic continence scores and Rockwood faecal incontinence qualify-of-life scale scores Study design Randomised trial (1 : 3 ratio) Findings No additional benefit with early biofeedback physiotherapy


A novel copolymer of fluorene and silafluorene was synthesized and systematical investigations were made on the influence of the incorporated silafluorene upon the solubility, thermostability, electrochemical property, photophysical property, and electroluminescence property of the conjugated copolymer. The study showed that the random incorporation of a small amount of diphenylsilafluorene, which has high bandgap and low-lying LUMO, into the polyfluorene chain significantly modified the optical and electronic properties of the polymer.


This paper investigates the 10 ms surge current (IFSM) and single-pulse avalanche energy (EAS) limits of 1200 V/10 A SiC Schottky rectifiers from several commercial vendors. GeneSiC's 1200 V/10 A diode recorded maximum IFSM values of 162 A at TC=25°C and 135 A at TC=150°C, which were the highest amongst investigated devices. The diode sustains junction temperatures as high as 910°C during surge current operation, which results in eventual failure of the Aluminum based metallization.


Online exam system is an important and indispensable part of education informatization. The applications of VERS and Blackboard platforms were researched in GuangDong Pharmaceutical University as an example. The purpose of this article was more efficiently using resources of online examination system in pharmaceutical education and teaching.


The most strong competition in the labor market is in the segment of young people without work experience. The paper is devoted to the development of perspective directions of the enhance the competitiveness of specialists with higher education, developing their socio-emotional, cognitive skills "soft skills". On the basis of the analysis of the definition "competence" the authors substantiate the necessity of development within higher education personal characteristics (socio-emotional and cognitive skills) of future graduates in line with labour market needs. It provides the experience of leading Ukrainian universities in the creation and introduction in educational process of special training course on "Soft skills" aimed to develop socio-emotional and cognitive abilities of students. In the paper it proposed the main directions of improving the system of training the specialists for the enhance their competitiveness in the labour market: use competence approach to the development of standards for higher education; the introduction of continuous monitoring of the needs of employers in determining the competence of professionals; reorientation of educational content (educational and vocational programs, work programs of disciplines) on the characteristics of effective learning in terms of competences formed; the inclusion in curricula of preparation of specialists of the disciplines contributing to the development of cognitive and socioemotional skills; development of tools for inspecting the degree of formation of cognitive and socioemotional skills (soft skills).


Contributors' withdrawal from online communities is threatening the sustainability of those communities, especially those that have entered mature and saturated stages. Drawing upon organizational withdrawal research, this article re-conceptualizes contributor withdrawal in the context of online communities. To explain the underlying mechanisms by which contributors withdraw from online communities, we introduce a theory of contributor withdrawal that emphasizes within-individual variances on the changes of cognition, emotions, and behaviors, rather than across-individual variances on the final (or average) states. In light of affective events theory, contributors' cognitive dissonances between the community they experience and the community they expected are identified as distal causes of contributor withdrawal through the mediation of emotional changes. We also propose a typology of cognitive dissonances towards online communities and the structure of emotional change. We then discuss the moderating impacts of affective dispositions and sense-making on the cognitive dissonance-emotional change relationship, and the mediating impacts of changes in attitude and expectation on emotional change-withdrawal behavior relationships.


Small‐scale structures of the vorticity and passive scalar fields have been examined by means of direct numerical simulations of homogeneous isotropic turbulence with 963 grid points and Rλ≊60. Both statistical and visual techniques have been used to examine the structure of certain quantities from the evolution equations for enstrophy and the scalar gradient. Tubelike regions of intense enstrophy contain large positive and sometimes large negative enstrophy production, and mostly moderate‐valued energy dissipation regions surround these tubes. The most intense regions of the scalar gradient are dissociated from the vortex tubes, and occur as large flat sheets. Within these sheets the scalar gradient production is large, the energy dissipation is small, and in their vicinity only moderate‐valued sheetlike enstrophy regions exist. The statistical techniques show that although activity in these intense regions is strong, on a volume normalized basis, by far the largest contributions to the terms in the evol...


In the years before and immediately after the passage of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, discrimination was blatant and pervasive, as evidenced by sex-segregated job ads, race-segregated employment facilities, unequal pay and promotion opportunities for women and minorities, biased selection procedures, and mandatory retirement policies. Today, discrimination has become more subtle, and thus more


3-Methylhistidine (3MeHis) is an aminoacid peculiar of actomyosin(22.214.171.124I.16.3J.23) with the exception of «slow» fibers, heart and foetal myosin which probably lack the specific methylating enzyme.(6.6.IO.18) The usefulness of urinary 3MeHis determination in diagnosis and clinical practice derives from the fact that this aminoacid can not be transformed or reutilized by the organism. Moreover, since skeletal muscles have been demonstrated to be the main source of 3MeHis, its urinary concentration (together with urinary creatinine data) represents an useful index of muscle protein turnover.(12.14.15J21.22) It should be noted that some Authors(13,17) disagree with this clinical application of urinary 3MeHis assay, arguing about the percentage of total urinary 3MeHis which can be considered of muscle origin. This argument however has been rejected by most Authors and a large number of experimental results confirms the usefulness of urinary 3MeHis assay.(I,2.7.19) 3MeHis was assayed with an HPLC apparatus (Gilson 302, 802, 811 equipped with a Speris 1355-Ca column) using a water: methanol (76: 34) mixture as the mobile phase. Urine samples were centrifuged, filtered on 0.5 IJ.m Millipore filter and treated with fluorescamine according to WAS SENER et aI.<22) Creatinine was measured within 10 hours after urine collection using the « Chernetest C 225 Creatinina » purchased from the Chemetron Chimica. The examined subjects were fed « complete hospital diet », including Qualitatively and quantitatively controlled meat portions. Th6 Urology Department of Castelfranco Veneto Hospital and the Postgraduate School of Nutrition, University of Padua, are screening a wide pool of patients with non-muscular diseases. The aim of this investigation is to assess whether urinary 3MeHis. besides representing an useful index of the nutritional balance and of muscle and other pathologies already indicated by other Authors, may also reflect the possible. involvement of muscle tissues in diseases of different nature. The pool of data now available allows to hypothesize the existence of a limited number of «3MeHis


The biggest difference between the rapid spread of coronavirus around the world and past crises is that it directly affects the real economy. Global expansion affects not only foreign demand but also global supply chains. The global economy stagnated in the second quarter of this year, creating great uncertainty about the country's post-epidemic recovery. Based on this, this paper studies the impact of the epidemic on China's real economy. This paper discusses the outbreak of the huge impact on the real economy and real economy "to take off the real to virtual" origin, trajectory and impact of COVID - 19 outbreak could trigger a new round of economic "to take off the real to virtual" risk, targeted put forward the countermeasures, and from the short-term fiscal and monetary policies to strengthen the reverse cycle adjustment and push forward the reform for a long time short response are put forward, on the impact of the real economy of the outbreak digital transformation were studied. Research shows that the digitization and knowledge-based transformation of the real economy has been significantly accelerated, with thousands of enterprises together accelerating the integration of big data and the real economy. These real economies will further promote the growth of national economy while consolidating, changing and improving data distribution and mining value.


Abstract Objective. Oral nerve injuries are a less frequent complication but they involve a decrease in the patient life quality. The purpose of the current review is to know the described risk factors to prevent injuries and to know the therapies against an established injury. Materials and methods. A Pubmed search of the English and Spanish language literature from 2000–2012 using the keywords 'oral surgery' or 'trigeminal nerve injuries' or 'lingual nerve injuries' or 'mandibular nerve injuries' was performed. Review articles were included and important articles from the references were added. Results. A total of 662 were obtained from the search, from which 25 were selected accomplishing the inclusion criteria. Moreover, seven important articles were selected from the references of the ones mentioned, obtaining a total of 32 articles for the review. Conclusions. There is a relationship between the position of the extracted tooth and the incidence of the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve injuries; as well as the age of the patient, the intra-operatory exposition of the nerve, the technique access for the lower third molar extraction and the surgeon's inexperience. The radiological examination is useful to evaluate the nerve damage and to decide on the surgical technique.


Kang You-wei portrayed an Utopian ideal society in his Book of Grand Harmony,and discussed educational functions,equal rights of education for different sexes,all-round development of education,and a school education system.His educational ideology still has an enlightening effect on education today.


An embedded multi-physiological parameter collecting and real-time displaying system which is based on WinCE is designed and implemented in this paper. CAN bus was used to transfer physiological parameter signal. Alarm speaker which connected to the ARM9 processor S3C2440 was used to achieve the alarm function. Considering the huge data quantity and the high timeliness requirement, GUI used multi-threads technology and the custom message method to improve real-time property and the execution efficiency of the program. For the following functional development, the project was programmed on the object-oriented theory and a CCommand class was encoded to send commands to OEM physiological-parameter acquisition board. Experimental results showed that the system had a strong real-time performance and stability, could achieve desired monitoring functions.


ObjectiveTo observe the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Tiannianyin on telomerase expression of spermatogenic cells in testis of aging rats.Methods40 SD rats were applied in this study and divided into 4 groups at random: normal group,aging model group,Tiannianyin group,negative control group,and each group had 10 rats.The sub-acutely aging model rats were made by injecting Dgal into abdominal cavity continously.ELISA was used to detect the testosterone content in serum,xanthine oxidase method to detect the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in serum,SP immunohistochemistry to observe the telomerase expression of spermatogenic cells in testis.ResultsThe testosterone content and SOD activity in serum of aging rats decreased significantly compared with normal rats(P0.05,P0.01);the telomerase positive cells of aging rats were much less than normal rats.Tiannianyin could inhibit the decreasing of testosterone content and SOD activity in serum significantly(Tiannianyin group compared with aging model group: P0.05,P0.01),and increase the telomerase expression significantly.ConclusionTraditional Chinese medicine Tiannianyin can improve the telomerase expression of spermatogenic cells in testis,and has fairly anti-aging effects.


ed .form systems have been introduced to ;'of a 'class of ,nanholonomic mechanical lein."of the exponential stabilization of a driftless nonhqlonomic chained system is addressed and solved by means of.a>time-varying control law. It is shown that our approach yields exponential convergence to the origin. Furthermorerthe parameters of the obtained scheme have clear ptiysical meanings so as to be easily tuned. The proposed strategy is applied to'the' stabilization.of a wheeled mobile robot and simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method.


Granular materials exhibit very complex behavior under external load. The macroand micro-mechanical characteristics of granular assembly are strongly dependent on the properties of the constituent individual particles. The objective of this paper is to explore the deformation in microscale using discrete element method (DEM). Quasi-static biaxial compression test is carried out to investigate the structured deformation pattern. The simulation results show that the micro-scale deformation is nonuniform but not random or unrelated. The localized deformations represented by slip deformation in local void cells appear as microbands at small strain and shear bands at large strain. During the biaxial compression, the negative slip occurs in the neighboring regions of elastic unloading and plastic flow can occur along a plane of discontinuity in the velocity gradient field.


Cork in the outer bark of trees is among the valuable raw materials of biological origin due to properties that result mainly from its cellular structure. Large scale commercial utilization of cork has been only achieved with cork from Quercus suber . Another oak species, Quercus cerris , also contains substantial, albeit not continuous, regions of cork that are clearly visible to the naked eye but are so far considered as a waste material. Bark samples of Q. cerris var. cerris trees were collected from the Andırın province, Turkey. Cork portions were separated and their cellular structure was investigated with optical and electron scanning microscopy observations. The results were compared with Q. suber cork. Q. cerris cork has the typical features of cork tissues with a regular and radially aligned structure of suberized cells without intercellular voids, showing a ring structure and a distinction of earlycork and latecork cells. Solid volume fraction was estimated at 25% (22% in earlycork, 36% in latecork). In Q. cerris cork cells are smaller, cell wall thickness and solid volume fraction are higher, and the tissue is less homogeneous with a higher content of lignified inclusions than in Q. suber cork. These factors will negatively influence quality in regard to density and mechanical properties associated to elasticity. However, this does not impair its use for production of granulates and agglomerates, e.g. for insulation and energy absorption. Separation of the cork fraction from the bark is a step required before further processing and use.


Purpose : We have performed an analysis on patients who received Rastelli operation in our institute and reviewed their progress postoperatively. Various factors with suspected relationship to the outcome have been considered to help in future treatment and follow-up. Methods : We analyzed retrospectively 43 patients who either received Rastelli operation in Yonsei University Cardiovascular Center from March 1995 to April 1997 or who received post-procedural cardiac catheterization and follow-up echocardiography in the out-patient department after the procedure. Results : No statistically valid relationships were found between the age of the patient, their body weight, preoperative pulmonary arterial index and pressure, presence of pulmonary branchial stenosis and postoperative results. Cases with atrioventricular concordance showed lower age and body weight, and discordant cases exhibited lower ejection fraction 3 days postoperatively. Upon follow up, lower NYHA score was seen in patients with severe residual stenosis. In the group that received cardiac catheterization after the procedure, residual stenosis and right ventricular pressure measurement in echocardiography showed good correlation with the catheterization data. Conclusion : In cases where conduit insertions of the right ventricular outflow tract are required to achieve total correction in complex cardiac deformity, early operation does not seem to provide a clear risk to the patient. In patients with atrioventricular discordance, careful postoperative observation of the ventricular function seems to be needed. Also, echocardiography appears to be a sound method in follow-up of patients after the correctional procedure. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2003;46: 259-264)


Vidal, 1 in 1893, was the first to describe a case of keratoderma blennorrhagicum. Since then, sixty-eight additional cases have been reported. These were reviewed to date by Keim 2 in 1924, together with a case that he observed. Since 1924, thirteen additional cases have been reported by Smith, 3 Willmott, 4 Olivet, 5 Beatty, 6 Sholtz, 7 Hansteen, 8 Rostenberg and Silver, 9 Millis 10 and Berman. 11 This dermatologic condition is an interesting one, because it is such a definite clinical entity; it is rare, and yet it accompanies one of the commonest infectious diseases. It is confined almost exclusively to the male sex. DIAGNOSIS AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY The diagnosis can be made clinically. Three things are essential: (1) a gonorrheal infection along the genital tract, (2) a gonorrheal arthritis and (3) a keratotic eruption. The eruption may be generalized, or it may be confined to the feet, or


Sociologists have made great strides in integrating information and communication technologies (ICTs) into their teaching but have paid less attention to the physical and social settings in which ICTs are often embedded. An increasingly important setting in many social science departments is the computer lab. I present four workplace-based models of learning as a scheme to optimize the learning that can occur in labs. Each of these models is built on a conception of post-industrial work as intensely social and interactive and of learning as "situated, distributed, and activity-based." The models and the metaphors that these conceptions elicit are formal worker training (the lab as classroom), on-the-job training (the lab as shopfloor), apprenticeship (the lab as guild), and project-based learning (the lab as project setting). I argue for the application of these models in lab settings as a way to prepare students for the changing nature of post-industrial work.


In a single spindle for rewinding from unwinding bobbins to cross-wound bobbin is proposed that its winding unit substantially of the same elements and units (11, 14 to 32) formed and mounted in substantially the same manner as Serienspulstellen a Serienspulmaschine.


This paper purports that if project teams are encouraged through the use of rewards and recognitions to practise certain behaviours which are aimed at meeting individual employees' needs, such behaviours should lead to cohesive teams (that is, promote group emphasis). The paper presents a Group Emphasis through Reward Criteria (GERC) model, which is based on two existing models, namely, the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs model as well as the model of Team Effectiveness. It argues that group cohesion can be achieved through the application of the GERC model. It is concluded that some of the encouraged team behaviors may seem to be social activities which have little to do with the actual desired final project product or service, but are necessary for building a cohesive productive project team. Maslow's Hierarchy of (3), as well as the model of team effectiveness by (15) with the aim of building inclusive project teams. By using Maslow's Hierarchy theory of Needs as the basis for the development of abovementioned model, this paper is in line with other current project management body of knowledge theoretical developments which have used theories from different disciplines such human resources, finance and marketing to develop tools and techniques applicable in managing project (5). According to Maslow's theory of motivation, people are motivated by unsatisfied needs and therefore this paper is aimed at leveraging some of these needs in order to build cohesive project teams. This paper does not discuss merits and demerits of rewards - it is written from the premise that rewards are generally regarded as one form of motivating employees (4), (6) to achieve a specific goal, and that specific goal in this case is promoting project team unity. It also does not discuss any particular forms of rewards that should be used in building cohesive project teams. Furthermore, this paper does not follow Maslow's hierarchy of needs in its strict hierarchy, but rather leverages the needs identified by the theory in different levels to promote group emphasis.


Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on benign prostatic hyperplasia incontinence patients with transurethral resection of prostate.Methods 168 benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) patients with transurethral resection of prostate were randomly divided into intervention group(n=86) and control group(n=82).Patients in control group were given normal care.Patients in intervention group were given psychological interventions,pelvic floor muscle training,bladder training,urgency control training,and fluid intake management and so on.The incidence and duration of the incontinence was compared between the 2 groups.Results The incidence and duration of the incontinence was lower than that of control group(P0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention is effective method for benign prostatic hyperplasia incontinence patients with transurethral resection of prostate,which can reduce the incidence and duration of the incontinence and improve the quality of life of patients.


The invention relates to the technical field of tea leaf processing and in particular relates to ginkgo tea and a preparation method thereof. Ginkgo leaves and fresh tea leaves are in a proper ratio of wet weight, preliminary tea preparation and tea refining steps are adopted and process parameters in the steps are controlled, so that nutritional ingredients in the ginkgo leaves are not lost and can be fully soaked out, and a nutrition structure in tea water is enriched. Moreover, healthcare components in the ginkgo leaves can be fully absorbed by a human body, and the effects of enhancing human body immunity and improving the health effect are further achieved.


This paper analyses determinants of households' pipe-borne water consumption in Sri Lanka using data covering the period 1990 to 2013. Employing a two-part estimation model, the study finds that household income, household size, level of education of the household head and age of the household head are positively associated with the likelihood of consuming pipe-borne water and monthly consumption expenditures on pipe-borne water. Moreover, households' demand for pipe-borne water has significantly increased over the years. Therefore, expansion of the pipe-borne water supply network along with demand management strategies would be beneficial to cater the growing demand for pipe-borne water.


The complexes [Pt(ER)2(L–L)[ER = SPri, SPh, C6H4Me-p or SePh; L–L = Ph2P(Ch2)nPPh2(n= 1–3)] have been prepared and their ability to act as bidentate ligands towards other metal species demonstrated. Proton, 31P and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy have been employed to ascertain their structures. A single-crystal X-ray structure determination of [Pt(SePh)2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)] has established the mononuclear nature of the complex. The platinum atom is in a distorted square-planar environment with the selenium atoms and the chelating diphosphine ligand in a cis configuration. The four-membered PtPCP metallacyclic ring is non-planar.


Metadata Extraction is one of the leading research fields in Information Retrieval. Metadata helps providing access to information resources. It makes the discovery and organization of resources substantially easy. The manual collection of such metadata is a tiresome, at times inaccurate and time consuming process. Moreover, the fastest rate at which digital contents are produced will ultimately make it impossible to rely on manual methods. Some automated techniques has to be there for the above said metadata gaining. This paper describes some of the available techniques like Metadata extraction with cue model or by TF*PDF algorithm or with the help of support vector machines. One of them is the extraction using a Keyphrase Extraction tool (KET), while the other automatically extracts keywords from web sources.


Given a connection matrix for a Morse-Smale flow on a compact manifold, if there are no periodic orbits of equal or adjacent indices related in the partial order, we show that the periodic orbits can be replaced by doubly connected rest points in such a way that the given connection matrix induces the unique connection matrix for the resulting flow. It follows that for this class of flows, all nonuniqueness in the connection matrix is a consequence of the continuation theorem for connection matrices.


In face of the challenges of global competition, business firms are concentrating more on the needs of customers and seeking ways to reduce costs, improve quality and meet the ever-rising expectation of their customers. To these ends, many of them have identified logistics as an area to build cost and service advantages. Logistical activities have always been vital to organizations, and therefore business logistics and supply chain management represents a synthesis of many concepts, principles, and methods from the more traditional areas of production, purchasing, transportation, economics, as well as from the disciplines of applied mathematics, and organizational behaviour. It concentrates on important activities of management such as planning, organizing, and controlling, and also on a three-way relationship of related transportation, inventory, and location strategies, which are at the heart of good logistics planning and decision making. Selecting a good logistics strategy may yield a competitive advantage. Transportation provides the flow of materials, products and persons between production facilities, warehouses, distribution centers, terminals and customer locations. The progress in techniques and management principles improves the moving load, delivery speed, service quality, operation costs, the usage of facilities and energy saving. A strong system needs a clear frame of logistics and a proper transport implements and techniques to link the producing procedures. The transportation takes a crucial part in the management of logistic. Without well-developed transportation systems, logistics could not bring its advantages into full play. A good transport system in logistics activities could provide better logistics efficiency, reduce operation cost, and promote service quality. The process determines the efficiency of moving products and energy saving. Improvements in transportation and logistics make valuable contribution to production and consumption activities.That's why the objective of this paper is to define and clarify the role of transportation in logistics and of logistics in development, for the reference of further improvement.The present study was undertaken to define and understand the elementary views of logistics and its various applications and the relationships between logistics and transportation.


Prem Devanbu, Michael Gertz, Chip Martel, Philip Rogaway Stuart G. StubblebineDepartment of Computer Science CertCoUniversity of California 55 Broad Street { Suite 22Davis, California CA 95616 USA New York, NY firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com information, such as geophysical (or cartographic) data, pharmacological informa-tion, and business data, which are used in high-value decisions, are frequently made available foron-line querying. Customers dependent on this information for their work need high reliabilityand accuracy. However, operating such an on-line querying service, securely, on open networks isvery dicult. Most large systems have vulnerabilities that can be exploited. An adversary whocan break in and publish false data might cause huge losses for users. Replicating the data servicefor reliability and scalability only makes matters worse. We introduce a new approach, by whichan untrusted publisher can answer queries from customers on behalf of the owner, or creator ofthe data. With just a few trusted digital signatures from the owner, the untrusted publisher canuse techniques based on Merkle hash trees [4], to provide authenticity and non-repudiation ofthe answer to a database query. We do not require a key to be held in an on-line system, thusreducing the impact of system penetrations. The use of untrusted publishers provides a novelapproach to greater information survivability.


Microcephaly-cervical spine fusion anomalies syndrome is characterized by microcephaly, facial dysmorphism (beaked nose, low-set ears, downslanting palpebral fissures, micrognathia), mild intellectual deficit, short stature, and cervical spine fusion anomalies producing spinal cord compression. It has been described in two brothers born to consanguineous parents. T ransmission is likely to be autosomal recessive. Qeios · Definition, February 10, 2020


Immunization remains the most successful strategy for the control and eventual eradication of viral diseases. Following the success with smallpox several other viral infections are being tackled, including polio, measles and rubella. However, where vaccines are unavailable or ineffective, antiviral agents provide an alternative strategy for prophylaxis or therapy. Although this field is still in its infancy, effective non-toxic antiviral agents are either available for clinical use now or are undergoing clinical trials. These fall into four main therapeutic groups: 1 agents active against herpes viruses; 2 agents active against respiratory viruses; 3 interferons; 4 miscellaneous agents.


Appraisal theory,new development of functional linguistics,concerns about discourse analysis.It is argued that interpersonal meaning should be taken into consideration in the study of discourse construction.With inaugural speech as the analytical object,the paper attempts to study how discourse is constructed based on appraisal theory.It is found that the judgment resources foreground in the inaugural speeches in a saturating prosody.


We have developed a device using a novel composite material as the negative electrode and ordinary activated carbon as the positive electrode. The composite material was obtained by heat-treatment of activated carbon with pitch. The structure of this composite was shown to be amorphous based on the X-ray diffraction pattern, and the surface area decreased from 2200 m2/g (activated carbon) to 250 m2/g (composite). This device can discharge at an extremely high current density of 10,000 mA/g based on the composite weight. The power density of around 2.2 kW/L was two times higher than EDLCs, and the energy density of around 20 Wh/L was three times higher. The discharge capacity maintained its initial capacity for at least 100,000 cycles. This device also had excellent storage characteristics at 60°C. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.


In the SMT industry,when electronic components are placed by SMT machine automatically on PCB boards and the PCB boards are clamped to the fixture by man,the coordinate of the PCB board may produce a certain offset and rotation error,which may affect the placement accuracy of the components due to fixture accuracy and man-made factors.The general solution to eliminate the errors is feature extraction of the reference point,but it has a great limitation.The Mark matching method base on SIFT algorithm is proposed.This method changes the image characteristics into scale space features and can do matching correction for only one Mark point.It can eliminat translational errors and rotation errors on the circuit board plane.The experiments prove its accuracy can meet the accuracy requirements of sub-pixel which is less than 0.6 pixel.


The Molla Sali case, recently heard by the ECtHR, concerns the compatibility of the implementation of Sharia in the family and personal relations of the Muslims of Western Thrace, who remained within the boundaries of the Greek State after the exchange of populations under the Treaty of Lausanne, to the ECHR. The applicant, a Greek national of the Muslim minority of Western Thrace, complained that she could not be beneficiary by testament of her deceased husband's estate, member of the same minority, since, according to the position of the Court of Cassation, due to a series of international agreements and relevant domestic norms, the law of succession applicable to her case was the Islamic Law that prohibits the testament, instead of the civil law. However, the ECtHR found that the applicant was victim of a violation of article 14 of the ECHR in conjunction with article 1 of Protocol no 1. In this case, the ECtHR considered for the first time the question of the compatibility of a religious community's separate legal status with the ECHR. The rationale behind the decision is within the framework of the core principles of the Court's case law on the limits of the autonomy of religious communities and acknowledgement of minority rights. The Court, based on the main line of arguments which constitute the corpus of its jurisprudence on religious and minority issues, ruled that the separate legal status of the Muslim minority cannot justify divergences from the application of the General Law, to the extent that such divergences violate the Greek citizens' rights enshrined in the Constitution and the ECHR and it condemned Greece on the basis of "discrimination by association".


OBJECTIVE
The management of patients after a first unprovoked seizure (FUS) can benefit from stratification of the average 50% risk for further seizures. We characterized subjects with FUS, out of a large generally healthy homogenous population of soldiers recruited by law to the Israeli Defense Forces, to investigate the role of the type of service, as a triggers burden surrogate, in the risk for additional seizures.

METHODS
Soldiers recruited between 2005 and 2014, who experienced an FUS during their service, were identified from military records. Subjects with a history of epilepsy or lack of documentation of the FUS characteristics were excluded from the study. Data on demographics, military service and medical details were extracted for the eligible soldiers.

RESULTS
Out of 816,252 newly recruited soldiers, representing 2,138,000 person-years, 346 had an FUS, indicating an incidence rate of 16.2 per 100,000 person-years. The FUS incidence rate was higher in combat versus non-combat male and female soldiers (p<0.0001). Most subjects (75.7%) were prescribed anti-seizures medications (ASMs) and 29.2% had additional seizures after the FUS. Service in combat units, abnormal MRI and being prescribed ASMs were correlated with a lower risk of having multiple seizures (95% CI 0.48-0.97, 0.09-0.86, 0.15-0.28, respectively). On multivariate analysis, service in combat units (OR=0.48 for seizure reccurence, 95% CI 0.26-0.88) and taking medications (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.9) independently predicted not having additional seizures.

SIGNIFICANCE
FUS incidence rate was higher in combat soldiers, but they had a two-fold lower risk of additional seizures than non-combat soldiers, emphasizing the value of strenuous triggers as negative predictors for developing epilepsy. This suggests a shift in the perception of epilepsy from a "yes or no" condition to a continuous trend of preponderance for seizures, warranting changes in the ways etiologies of epilepsy are weighted and treatments are delivered.


Although chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF) is one of the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmias known in man, the atrial myocardial cellular pathoelectrophysiological mechanisms involved in its initiation and propagation have not yet been satisfactorily clarified. According to the multiple wavelet hypothesis, it is defined as a re-entrant arrhythmia, with continuous propagation of multiple, individual, re-entrant circuits or wavelets that simultaneously activate various parts of the atrial muscle. This theory was proposed as early as


This is an article about University of Alaska Museum of the North in Fairbanks. First we can learn some general information of this project, then much more details including architectural design concepts and skills, function of each floor, and technologies.


Most organisations operate staff mess or canteen facility for its employees where payments for food items are made with money coupons rather than cash. In such coupon-based transaction system, the management needs to decide the denominations in which the coupons should be printed and also the proportion in which these denominations should be combined to form a coupon book which is made available to the employees. These decisions are made with the twin objectives of minimising the total number of coupons used as well as ensuring that most transactions are feasible. This paper reports the details of the method used for studying such a problem in a specific organisation. The study arrives at an optimal mix of coupons which leads to a significant improvement over the existing practice.


THE INVENTION IS TO USE PHARMACEUTICAL NOVEL ESTER INTERNAL GANGLIOSIDES. THEREOF ARE TO BE USED FOR TREATMENT OF DISORDERS OR DISORDERS NERVOUS SYSTEM AND CONSIST A MIXTURE OF gANGLIOSIDES OBTAINED FROM MAMMALS brains.


An unique mineral assemblage (graphite + wustite + wagnerite + sarcopside + monazite-(Ce) + xenotime-(Y) + chlorite), included within fluorapatite, was identified in the S-type Caledonian Rumburk granite, Czech Republic. Graphite appears as a finely dispersed phase within apatite and other minerals and as interstitial flakes in the rock matrix; it is probably of restitic origin related to anatectic melting. Wagnerite, wustite, monazite-(Ce), and xenotime-(Y) are commonly intergrown, indicating their cogenetic formation. Magmatic fluids, equilibrated with graphite, caused partial metasomatism of early-formed fluorapatite and triggered the formation of wustite and the various phosphate-mineral inclusions within alteration domains in the apatite host (by dissolution–reprecipitation). The formation of wustite was facilitated by the coexisting graphite, which maintained the required low oxygen fugacity, and the apatite host, which provided a silica-undersaturated environment. The lower temperature limit of the alteration event is defined by the wustite stability field (>570 °C). Representative mineral formulae are Fe 2+ 0.67 Fe 3+ 0.22 □ 0.11 O (wustite), (Mg 0.87 Fe 0.97 Mn 0.15 ) ∑=1.99 (PO 4 )(F 0.64 OH 0.36 ) (wagnerite), and (Fe 2+ 2.27 Mg 0.45 Mn 0.19 ) ∑=2.91 (PO 4 ) 2 (sarcopside). The results of this study improve knowledge about the natural occurrences of wustite and wagnerite and their paragenetic relations; they permit additional insights into mineral-forming processes in granitic magmas under strongly reducing conditions. This paper provides the first record of wustite occurring in granite.


This paper examined the impact of Computer Assisted Instructional Package (CAIP) and its relevance to teaching and learning for national development. The meaning of Computer Assisted Instruction and its importance in teaching and learning were investigated and discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of Computer Assisted Instructional Package in teaching and learning were also highlighted. For Computer Assisted Instructional Package to be impactful and relevant in the teaching and learning processes for national development, it was recommended that teachers should be more committed to teaching with the use of CAIP government should endevour to post and provide teachers skilled in computer assisted instruction to teach schools to impact skills to the students as well as to provide institutions at all levels in the country with adequate computers.


A 512 kbit read-only memory (ROM) to store Chinese ideographs has been fabricated using variable-shaped electron beam and dry-etching lithography. 1.0-µm minimum line width was used to delineate device area spacings smaller than those obtained with conventional design rules using photoimaging techniques. SiO2, Si3N4, and polysilicon etchings were accomplished by reactive sputter techniques with CF4+ H2and CCl3F gases using negative electron beam resist PGMA and positive resist AZ-2400. Al etching was carried out by plasma with CCl4gas using negative electron beam resist NER-1. The alignment marks detectability and their locating accuracy were improved by properly using the basis arithmetic operations, subtraction and summation, in backscatter signal processings. 6.6 mm × 8.9 mm chip-by-chip alignment yielded about 0.2-µm level-to-level registration accuracy. Memory cell size and chip size are 5.2 µm × 8.4 µm and 6.6 mm × 8.9 mm, respectively; access time and power dissipation are 400 ns and 800 mW, respectively.


Many factors should be considered when we evaluate the level and efficiency of the enterprise informatization.In order to conduct the aim of the enterprise informatization matching the aim of the business strategy and strengthen the managerial power of the enterprise informatization,the article constructs an evaluation index system for enterprise informatization on the basis of overall,systematic,balancing and practical principles of BSC.Then with an example,a comprehensive evaluation approach is employed to analyze the use of the index system.


The kinematics of processes involving four different particles is discussed. The boundaries of the physical region for the various processes are established one at a time, using explicitly energy and momentum conservation. Then follows a joint description of all processes where all four-momenta formally are considered to be ingoing. The description is given explicitly in terms of two independent variables (s,t), in contrast to the usual symmetric (s,t,u) description.


Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been recognized as one of the most important causes of potentially life-threatening human diseases such as haemorrhagic colitis, haemolytic ureamic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. To combine the principles of most-probable-number (MPN) statistics and the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to enumerate E. coli O157:H7 in milk, from 101 to 105 ml-1 of bacterial cells were inoculated in sterilized milk. Different background microorganisms including Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were also inoculated. Modified MPN dilutions from inoculated milk sample with three replicates per dilution were prepared and enumeration was performed by DNA extraction from tubes showing turbidity and performing multiplex-PCR (m-PCR) using primers specific for O157 and H7 antigens gene. This MPN-PCR proved to be a rapid and reliable method for enumerating E. coliO157:H7 in milk at the lowest level (101 cfu.ml-1), even in the presence of different Gram positive and Gram negative background microorganisms. It may facilitate the enumeration of E. coli O157:H7 for routine analyses in milk without excessive work and could be considered as an alternative to MPN- culture techniques.

 Key words: E. coli O157:H7, milk, most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR), most probable number (MPN) - culture, multiplex- polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR).


Approaches to domestic space and daily life in the Roman world commonly focus on a single type of evidence, whether that be literary, archaeological, artistic, etc. In addition, certain sites, especially Pompeii, have been used as representative of life in the entire empire. Modern scholars are beginning to expand the focus of these studies, examining the lives of the lower classes in more detail and taking an interest in the mundane activities of Roman people. Additionally, scholars such as Penelope Allison have called for more attention to other sources, such as the artifacts found in houses, to create a more accurate picture of daily life. In my thesis, with this in mind, I look at two different, and roughly contemporary, sites in the Roman empire: Pompeii in Italy and Karanis in Egypt. My analysis consists of a critical integration of many different available sources, including archaeological remains of houses, artifacts, elite Roman literature, and papyrus documents from Egypt, in order to holistically examine the lives of the residents of each settlement. While Pompeii and Karanis are very different sites - the former is a prosperous Italian town with deep-rooted ties to Roman culture while the latter is a rural village in Egypt populated mainly by Greco-Egyptian farmers - at each site certain trends emerge, highlighting especially the adaptability of the people at both sites and their ability to make decisions and adopt strategies to support themselves and perhaps ameliorate their position in society.


Maharashtra with a geographical area of 9.4% of India constitutes of about 10.2% of the total workers of the country. Employment in the state has changed remarkably from 1961 to 2001with greater employment being generated by the non-agricultural activities than the agricultural and allied activities. This paper studies the employment scenario of Maharashtra with respect to classification of workforce according to location, employment in different activities, gender and levels of education and suggests that employment generation in non-agricultural activities especially in rural areas will provide a lot of respite to the rural population and lead to a holistic development of the state.


The purpose of the paper is to explore the relationship between inflation and unemployment in Germany during the period from 1970 to 2012. Through the methods of cointegration, dynamic OLS and an e ...


Blends of linear low density and high density polyethylene are examined by x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry in order to characterise the crystalline morphology and to investigate the compatibility of the polymers. The polymers are found to form a co-crystalline phase under a variety of conditions, and can thus be regarded as compatible. The lamellar distributions obtained from the differential scanning calorimetry melting thermograms are found to be dominated by the presence of the high density polyethylene, and this is attributed to the higher mobility of the high density molecules. The lattice parameters of the crystalline phases are found to increase with increasing side branch content.


Regional  development  includes  infrastructure  and  information technology.  Infrastructure,  Information  and  Communication Technology  (ICT)  is  worse  in  rural  areas  and  small  towns  in Indonesia. One of such areas is the village of Menowo located in Magelang, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to study a contemporary phenomenon of  the Blogger Village within its real-life content. In this research, a case study is described: a young man who was born in the village has started an "online  business  community".  Now,  people  call  the  Village Menowo "The Blogger Village". Since 2014, more than 50 people in  the  Blogger  Village  have  got  their  own  revenue  accounts  for hundreds  of  thousands  of  U.S.  dollars  per  month.  The  Blogger Community  has  contributed  to  reducing  unemployment  in  the village.  The  study  has  found  that  the  Blogger  Community  can provide  additional  income  for  Magelang  SMEs.  Magelang  SMEs can use the profit margin of their businesses to update hardware and  software  including  Internet  information  sources  from anywhere.  The  study  provides  new  information  related  to  the regional  development,  local  development,  and  complement economic  empirical  studies  of  a  research  that  has  been  done before.  The  applied  research  is  beneficial  for  the  Government  of Magelang  to  determine  and  develop  policies  of  the  regional economic development of Magelang and to establish appropriate programs  and  activities  for  developing  the  economy  of  the  area. The  research  will  also  help  eliminate  the  overlap  among  the existing  rules  both  at  central  and  local  levels,  as  well  as  among sectors and agencies.


In this article, we separate the differential operator A of the form Au (x,y )= −Pu(x,y )+ Vu (x,y) for all x,y ∈ R, in the Hilbert space H = L2 R 2 ,H1 with the operator potential V (x,y), where L(H1 )i s the space of all bounded operators on an arbitrary Hilbert space H1, and P = ∂ 2 ∂y 2 +y ∂2 ∂x 2 is the tricomi operator on R 2 . Moreover, we study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the differential equation Au = −Pu+ Vu = f, in the Hilbert space H, where f ∈ H ,a s an application of this separation


Background: Iatrogenic spiral dissection of the coronary artery is a rare but serious complication of Coronary angiography (CA). CA is a standard imaging method, which is considered as a safe and commonly used.Aim of the study: To demonstrate a rare complication of CA that significantly changed the patient's outcome.Material and methods: A retrospective review of the procedure and the patient's follow-up has been performed.Case report: A 56-year-old woman with type two atrial septal defect complicated by heart failure (HF), complaining of a gradual HF worsening and two episodes of syncope was admitted for preoperative assessment. Prior to cardiac surgery an elective CA revealed no stenoses in coronary arteries, however it was complicated by the spiral dissection of the left main coronary artery continuing towards the left anterior descending artery. Immediate percutaneous coronary angioplasty was performed with a good acute angiographic and clinical result. Subsequently, the patient developed a periprocedural inferolateral myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest due to pulseless electrical activity. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was ineffective.Conclusion: The take home message of the case presented is that even a relatively safe procedure may be complicated and that less invasive imaging modalities should be considered prior to CA.


Objective: To establish an ion pair chromatography method for the determination of chlorogenic acid of antibiotic active substance in evergreen plants.Methods: The determination was performed on a Waters C18 mm ODS column(4 μm,3.9mm×150 mm)and mobile phase consisted of 2.5 mmol/L tetrabutyl ammonium bromide-acetonitrile(87∶13,v/v),the detection wavelength was 325 nm,the flow rate was 1 mL/min and the column temperature was set at 25 ℃ by Waters 1525 HPLC with diode-array detector and ultraviolet absorption detector.Result: The method had good linear relationship within the range of 0.41-41 μg/mL(r=0.999 9).The average recovery was 99.81%(RSD=1.49%).Conclusions: The method is simple,reliable and accurate for the determination of chlorogenic acid with complicated component and low content in evergreen plants.It will provide a scientific basis for the developing and utilizing of pinus needle of Tabulaeformis Carr as medicinal natural resources in Gansu.


In view of the overwhelming weight of the manuscript evidence, including most recently the testimony of Y, it is perhaps about time to stop the attempts at emendation that began in the sixteenth century with sed non blanda puto. The weaknesses, too, of the argument in favour of lengthening metri gratia the final vowel of blanda have been clearly pointed out by Housman,1 who just as clearly pointed out that blanda must therefore be an ablative.


Today, soil reinforcement is applied as an effective and reliable way to increase the resistance of the soil mass. This method works in a variety of instruments to stabilize earthen dam, layers below the surface, the embankment road and pavement. Geotechnical applications needs advanced behavioral models to simulate nonlinear and timefunctionality of soils. Whole problem is analyzed numerically with software plaxis, including an embankment with crest width 2b and height (H) which is located on soft clay layer. The clay layer is placed under the stabilized layer and the embankment located on it. The initial dimensions of the plane strain analysis, including the embankment crest width of 6 meters by 9 meters with side slopes of 2:1 (V: H) on deep clay layer of 40 meters. In this paper, we first review the results of the initial analysis and then discuss the results of previous research done in this area; the results are compared to the software plaxis. Then, the sensitivity analysis of parameters such as slopes on either side of the embankment, the embankment width and height of the embankment is performed.


In the early twentieth century psychology became the study of "behavior." This article reviews developments within animal psychology, functional psychology, and American society and culture that help explain how a term rarely used in the first years of the century became not only an accepted scientific concept but even, for many, an all- encompassing label for the entire subject matter of the discipline. The subsequent conceptual and linguistic activity of John B. Watson, Edward C. Tolman, Clark L. Hull, and B.F. Skinner, as they attempted to explain "behavior" throughout the course of the twentieth century, is then discussed. Finally, the article suggests the need for greater conceptual and linguistic diversity in psychology. In this last regard, reference is made to cognition and consciousness, to William James and John Dewey, and to the fact that prediction and control might not be the most relevant aims of contemporary psychology.


The set of distinct features are extracted from the fingerprint that is ridge endings and bifurcations called as (minutiae).Each fingerprint has unique pattern so it is strong biometric in the forensic department. Various apparatus are used in fingerprint science like video spectral comparator ,Laser print finder, microscope, comparison projector, latent print kit box, magnifying glass and Iodine fuming chamber etc,. Novel technology introduced to extract most distinct feature as ridge endings and bifurcations. Minutiae are local discontinuities in the fingerprint pattern, mainly terminations and bifurcations. Curved Gabor filters are applied to the curved ridge and valley structure of poor-quality fingerprint images.The Region of Interest (ROI) is that part of the image which catches our attention instantly than the other. Recognize the pattern with fingerprint in database and matching the pattern. Clustering the similar pattern and extract minutiae points (ridge endings and bifurcations) then validate with the original image. These methods show improvement in the (ridge endings and bifurcations) detection process in terms of time required and efficiency. Keywords— minutiae curved Gabor Filter, bifurcations, ROI.


In this study, we investigated the corrosion damage characteristics of steel for offshore wind turbine tower substructure using an accelerated electrochemical test. The galvanostatic corrosion test method was employed with a conventional 3 electrode cell in natural sea water, and the steel specimen was served as a working electrode to induce corrosion in an accelerated manner. Surface and cross-sectional image of the damaged area were obtained by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The weight of the specimens was measured to determine the gravimetric change before and after corrosion test. The result revealed that the steel tended to suffer uniform corrosion rather than localized corrosion due to active dissolution reaction under the constant current regime. With increasing galvanostatic current density, the damage depth and surface roughness of surface was increased, showing approximately 25 times difference in damage depth between the lowest current density (1 ㎃/㎠) and the highest current density (200 ㎃/㎠). The gravimetric observation showed that the weight loss was proportionally increased with increment of current density that has 75 times different according by experimental conditions. Consequently, uniform corrosion of the steel specimen was conveniently induced by the electrochemically accelerated corrosion technique, and it was possible to control the extent of the corrosion damage by varying the current density.


There are still many children from underprivileged families or poor people who are forced to drop out of school due to lack of funds. This study aims to determine the role of Dompet Dhuafa Waspada in providing solutions or educational programs to address educational inequality for underprivileged children in Medan City. This research is classified as a qualitative research and uses a literature study data collection method. The results of the study show that Dompet Dhuafa Waspada Medan City has several programs to improve the quality of education for underprivileged children, namely Bintang Rabbani School, Success Scholarship and SMART Ekselensia.
Keywords: Dompet Dhuafa, Medan, Zakat


The main goal of the research was to determine the importance of the income base in the process of financial stability building in local government units. Quantitative and qualitative analysis were used because the comparison method and the diagnostic survey method were involved. The survey covered 189 small communes (up to 5,000 inhabitants) from the Eastern Poland macroregion. The choice of the Eastern Poland macroregion was intentional and dictated by its poor financial potential. The time range of the research covered data for the years 2019-2021. The main source of data was information obtained from the Ministry of Finance and the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office. The obtained results confirmed that among small communes of the Eastern Poland macroregion, the level of income that forming their income base was varied and changed in the analyzed period. The nature of changes in the income base of communes was not uniformed, as the number of communes with the lowest level of total and own income decreased, while the number of communes with a higher level of the mentioned income categories increased. The stability of the number of communes with the highest values of these incomes was also confirmed. The importance of income in building the financial stability of small communes was proved by the opinions of their authorities. Differences were found between the five voivodeships in the perception of significant factors determining the financial stability of small communes in the opinion of their commune heads.


ate context-specific gender expectations to embody masculinities that are culturally and geographically legible to others in the American South—both on and off stage (p. 63). At the same time, Rogers takes care to highlight discursive shifts among drag kings in the South that point to gendercritical performances and notes the prevalence of feminist identification and beliefs among the drag kings they interview (pp. 132–33). Ultimately, Rogers's intersectional approach illuminates the complexities of drag identities and performances in the South while maintaining a macro-level analysis of power. In one section, for example, they analyze how performances by kings of color are perceived through the lens of racial ideologies that frame masculinities of color as performative, while attending to the specific ways that masculinities of color have been constructed against white masculinities in the South (p. 83). In another section, they examine how essentialist gender ideologies inform conflicts over whether drag should be limited to ''other-gender'' performances (or ''impersonations''), leading some trans kings to fear that transition will disqualify them from continuing to participate in their drag communities (p. 41). In yet another section, they link the lower pay and subordination of drag kings to drag queens in the South with more widespread patterns of gender inequity and patterned under-resourcing of lesbian spaces at the national level (pp. 39, 125). All these dynamics and more are meticulously excavated and explored throughout King of Hearts, which presents a holistic portrait of drag kinging in the American South and makes a compelling case for the necessity of spatial analysis in studies of identity, performance, and community. A unique look into drag identities and performances, this book is an essential read for scholars of gender and sexuality looking to contextualize their analyses of gender and sexuality. Moreover, Rogers's clear explanation of complex theories and concepts means that King of Hearts will provide an interesting and informative read for people who are new to the field but interested in better understanding how gender identity is performed and experienced both on and off stage.


There have been only a few parametric models extensively examined for application to reliability; these include the exponential distribution of Epstein-Sobel (1953) and the Weibull distribution (1961). The one most widely utilized for electronic components has been the exponential model, not only because of its simple and intuitive properties but also because of the extent of the estimation and sampling procedures which have been developed from the theory. However, neither of these models is applicable to the study of screen testing. One of the early discoveries was that mixtures of exponentially distributed random variables have a decreasing failure rate (Proschan, 1963). Thus any two groups of components with constant, but different, failure rates would, if mixed and sampled at random, exhibit a decreasing failure rate. As a consequence, the family of life lengths with decreasing failure rate certainly arises in practice and particular subsets of this family could be of great utility for specific applications, see, e.g., Cozzolino (1968). We examine one such model with shape and scale parameters a and 3, respectively, which is based upon a gamma mixture


The article investigates the relationship of market freedom and state protectionism in international trade practice. The author examines the evolution of international trade, identifies the current trends of international trade, and reveals the balance of free trading and protectionism in the world economy.


Zeolite ferrierite aggregates with hierarchical porosity were synthesized using TMAOH and piperidine as cooperative structure-directing agents (co-SDAs). The effect of the relative amount of TMAOH and piperidine on the crystalline phase and textural properties of the products was investigated. Ferrierite aggregates synthesized herein were ca. 10–15 μm in size, comprised of nanosheets with thickness of less than 50 nm. The ferrierite aggregates possessed similar acidity and crystallinity with respect to the bulk ferrierite prepared using only piperidine as SDA, but exhibited more than 3 times higher mesopore surface area. The ferrierite aggregates with hierarchical porosity were found to be more efficient in catalytic LDPE cracking due to improved accessibility of large polymer molecules to the active sites.


Following increased awareness about the deleterious effects of climate change on the environment, many corporations and institutions are making concerted efforts to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions through policy reviews and technological changes. One area of promise is the replacement of natural gas (NG) with hydrogen (H2) for use in residential and industrial sectors. Hydrogen can play a significant role in reducing emissions in heating applications within the built environment. In a net-zero emissions future where distributed combustion emissions must be largely eliminated, zero-carbon fuels and hydrogen solutions for heating are some of the most cost-effective and flexible paths that will facilitate the sector's energy transition. In the short term, hydrogen is currently being blended in small amounts into existing NG networks around the world. This has an impact on the performance of appliances designed for NG, as certain gas properties will change.
 In this study, the effects of hydrogen on a domestic condensing boiler designed for NG, was investigated. The combustion reaction as a function of hydrogen content and oxygen content was determined. Stoichiometric, lean, and incomplete combustion were considered. Incomplete combustion leads to the formation of polluting emissions, while lean combustion is used to mitigate this by using excess air. An analytical model was developed to determine the outputs, that are, theoretical condensable water mass, heating value ratio, saturation temperature, maximum saturation temperature, and condensation efficiency, which were the main outputs that were systematically analyzed.
 Results showed that water vapour in the exhaust gas had the most remarkable effect on properties, and in consequence, on the boiler's operation. Optimum efficiency occurred when the molar fraction of water vapour was maximized. This corresponded to the combustion of pure hydrogen at stoichiometric conditions. It was further observed that pollutant emissions formation was minimized with greater amounts of excess air via lean combustion, which also resulted in a smaller water vapour fraction. The addition of hydrogen also reduced emissions since the only combustion product of pure hydrogen is water. Hydrogen should be used in lean combustion with minimal excess air to optimize economic and environmental benefits. This guarantees greater performance over pure natural gas dispensed in the same conditions, while mitigating the formation of polluting emissions.


The isolates from spoiled canned foods were identified by the simplified method. Among 228 strains examined, 199 strains (87%) could be identified as follows; Bacillus coagulans, 56; B. subtilis, 48; B. licheniformis, 36; B. circulans, 22; B. stearothermophilus, 20; B. cereus, 8; B. macerans, 3; B. polymyxa, 2; B. pumilus, 2 and B. brevis 2. The simplified formulae table was proposed for differential identification of commonly encountered species of genus Bacillus in canned food spoilage. (Received Aug. 28, 1984)


It reports the determination of the response of some instruments to cosmic ray on the surface of six lakes. The results show that the response of different types of instruments varies substantially,the values measured by high pressure ionic chamber( HPIC) are higher than those measured by scintillators. It is important to determination the response of the instrument to cosmic ray on the surface of big lake whose geomagnetic latitude and altitude are adjacent to measurement point,to uniform the measurements of national radiation environmental monitoring network.


Abstract. Contrasting the general trend of declining Afro-Palearctic migratory bird populations, the Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybrida hybrida) has recently exhibited spectacular demographic expansion and range shifts across its patchy European breeding distribution. To explore population connectivity of this species, individuals sampled from four sites in France, Poland, and Ukraine (n = 78) were genotyped at six microsatellite DNA loci and one partial mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Genetic variation was generally high (HE = 0.47-0.67; π = 1.29-2.26). Contrasting the historical absence of significant genetic structure (ΦST = 0.061-0.027), the microsatellite data indicated strong differentiation between France and the Eastern European sites (FST = 0.067-0.098). This, coupled with evidence of two distinct genetic clusters (K = 2; ΔK = 2) corresponding to little subdivision between Poland and Ukraine, has confirmed the presence of two European Whiskered Tern subpopulations (western and eastern) characterized by stark differences in wintering distribution and seasonal migratory routes.


Tax avoidance and tax evasion represent serious breaches of corporate social responsibility which threaten a country's revenue base. This study gathers these related issues under the umbrella term tax malfeasance. Using the annual reports of 203 firms over the 2006–2009 period, we find that firms that were audited by the Australian Taxation Office tend to exhibit values that significantly differed from those of non-audited firms, and those differences were linked to tax malfeasance via notions in Cressey's (1950) fraud triangle. Our results show that firms who are prone to engage in tax malfeasance can be profiled and that such a profile may be a useful means to fairly and cost-effectively target tax audits. 1 School of Accounting and Finance, The Business School, University of Adelaide, 10 Pulteney Street Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 AUSTRALIA, Tel: +61-8-83130582, Fax: +61-8-82234782, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 School of Accounting, Curtin Business School, Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth, Western Australia, 6845, AUSTRALIA, Tel: +61-8-92663377, Fax: +61-8-92667196, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 3 Faculty of Higher Education, Holmes Institute 85 Spring Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, AUSTRALIA, Tel: +61-3-96622055, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com eJournal of Tax Research Corporate profiling of tax-malfeasance


Do you know anyone you consider ''cosmopolitan?'' I'm told I fit the description and for those of you interested in working abroad in health promotion, I'd commend it as constructive way to commune with the world. Lest you think I'm laying claim to a level of sophistication or glamour that sets me apart, think again. Rather, I am referring to the byproduct of my dealings with culture shock. Those who study culture shock suggest about a third of travelers come to reject other cultures. They feel isolated when living abroad or deem their surroundings to be hostile. Another third are the assimilators who fully accept, even lose their original identities, in order to become a part of other cultures, warts, and all. As a former expat who traveled back and forth over a decade to do HIV/AIDS prevention work in Africa, my self-assessment is that I belong with the group, also roughly a third of expats, who blend different aspects of their home and host cultures. We embrace elements we find positive but can't or won't adapt to those parts that don't fit our identities. This blending behavior is how anthropologists use the term cosmopolitan.


The cosmological principle, the combined assumptions of cosmological isotropy and homogeneity, underpins the standard model of big bang cosmology with which we interpret astronomical observations. A new test of isotropy over the redshift range 2 < z < 4 and across large angular scales on the sky is presented. We use the cosmological distribution of neutral hydrogen, as probed by the Ly α forest seen towards distant quasars. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey provides the largest data set of quasar spectra available to date. We use combined information from Data Releases 12 and 14 to select a sample of 142 661 quasars most suitable for this purpose. The scales covered by the data extend beyond post-inflation causality scales, thus probing initial conditions in the early Universe. We identify significant spatially correlated systematic effects that can emulate cosmological anisotropy. Once these systematics have been accounted for, the data are found to be consistent with isotropy, providing an important independent check on the standard model, consistent with results from cosmic microwave background data.


This paper presents a novel double-fed flux-modulation (DF-FM) machine which offers an effective electric solution for electric vehicle (EV) propulsion. This design can realize adjusted speed and torque transmission without planetary gearbox and brush system in EVs. Main advantages of this design involve high torque density, wide speed range operation and low friction loss. The steady and transient performance of this newly proposed DF-FM machine is analyzed using finite element method (FEM).


Further studies to determine the potential for using a curvilinear fiber format in the design of composite laminates are reported. The curvilinear format is in contrast to the current practice of having the fibers aligned parallel to each other and in a straight line. The problem of a plate with a central circular hole is used as a candidate problem for this study. The study concludes that for inplane tensile loading the curvilinear format is superior. The limited results to date on compression buckling loads indicate that the curvilinear designs are poorer in resistant buckling. However, for the curvilinear design of interest, the reduction in buckling load is minimal and so overall there is a gain in considering the curvilinear design.


The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 is a questionnaire that evaluates the health related quality of life of children and adolescents, considering different aspects of their development, including the physical, emotional, social and educational. We verified the impact of demographic, social, and economic factors, as well as the family situation, on the health related quality of life of a group of school children of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The PedsQL 4.0 was applied to 240 children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 and their respective parents. More than two thirds of the families were from lower social strata (C, D, and E). A statistically significant difference was observed in scores when evaluating the health related quality of life across socioeconomic strata and we observed statistically significant differences in the emotional, social, psychosocial and total scores. The PedsQL 4.0 scores obtained through interviews were satisfactory when compared with other urban populations of children and adolescents, probably due to the homogeneity of the population studied.


Functional integration of business curricula is difficult, largely because business schools tend to teach their disciplines from departmental silos. Additionally, many business schools struggle to provide meaningful, applied learning experiences that engage increasingly less-experienced MBA students. In this chapter we narrate the history of our integrative course built on the concepts of sustainability, experiential learning and practical fieldwork. 'Going Green Globally' (or simply 'G3') is a cornerstone, intensive and innovative program that brings sustainability knowledge, global best practices and financial results to local organizations. It is a transformational intervention that inspires our 40+ full-time MBA students each year to shift from solely profit and external motivations toward expressing personal values and intrinsic incentives as they seek solutions to business problems which combine a short-term, bottom-line rationale with long-term sustainable models. We developed a framework, the G3 Sustainability Compass, to guide these considerations. Now, after a decade of continuous reflection and change based on feedback from students, faculty, sustainability experts and business practitioners, we present a program that has been tested and shown positive economic and social results. We offer our approach as an exemplar of how the topic of sustainability can be used as a template for curriculum integration and applied learning that harnesses student passion while creating opportunities for business schools to engage with their external communities in meaningful ways.


Vegetation phenology reflects the response of a terrestrial ecosystem to climate change. It is critical to quantitatively explore the relationships between vegetation dynamics and temperature as well as precipitation.We examined the vegetation- climate relationship using the monthly maximum values of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) between2000 and 2006 in the subtropical region of Fujian. The dataset was also used to calculate phenoloical metrics including the start of season(SOS), the end of season(EOS) and the length of season(LOS) for each year using TIMESAT. The results indicates that the NDVI of each forest types were significantly positive correlated to the monthly mean temperature under no time- lag condition(R2=0.72- 0.79, p0.01). This suggests that the current temperature condition dominated over rainfall amount in affecting vegetation growth. There were significant loglinear relationships between NDVI and rainfall with a 2-month time-lag for each forest types(R2=0.54-0.75, p0.01), implying that the vegetation growth does not respond immediately to rainfall but to the precedent cumulative rainfall. The phenoloical analysis showed that the SOS began from early to mid April(calendar day 98~103),the EOS appeared in mid- November(calendar day 316~321) and the LOS lasted 213~223 days. The LOS of southern subtropical forests was longer compared to the central subtropical forests; and the LOS of hardwood forests was longer than the conifer forests under similar climate regime. It is possible that the stability of hardwood forests was generally higher and the fluctuations of environmental factors did not limit the growth of hardwood forests compared to the conifer forests. The inter-annual varieties of SOS and LOS were significantly related to spring temperature(February-April), in which the higher spring temperature was related to the earlier SOS(R2=0.83, p0.01) and consequently the longer LOS(R2=0.80, p0.01). The trend analysis of LOS for four forest types revealed a significant weak increase between 2.4 days to 3.1 days during the study period.


The description of measuring equipment for radioimages obtaining on base of multufrequency data is presented. The algorithm of radioimage objects recognition using neural network technology was developed. The neural network architecture getting effective radioimage objects recognition under various conditions was found and recognition efficiency measures were calculated.


Set the delay sum beam-forming and frequency-domain phase-shift beam-forming as the examples respectively,parallel partition of tasks are discussed under different beam-forming methods based on DSP system.Two methods have been simulated and implemented with distributed hardware processing board based on TMS320C6416.Performance of two methods was analyzed and compared.


Nowadays there exist several cultural spaces in the Internet and some of the real museums have been using it as an extension of their walls. A virtual cultural space can present to visitors any kind of artistic manifestation represented in a digital format. We propose a multiagent architecture used to enhance communication in cultural environments. Our proposal is based on a 3D environment where users are represented by avatars. Each avatar has a personal agent that captures all the relevant user actions. We have also others types of agent which are responsible for providing communication services. Also, we present a study case showing how these concepts were implanted in the ICSpace (Internet cultural space) environment.


The present invention relates to novel carbamates of the general formula (I). Wherein, R1, R2, R3 are, H, OH, SH, CN , F, Cl, Br, I, (C 1 -C 4) - alkylthio, (C 1 -C 4) - alkoxy, one or more F substituted (C 1 -C 4) - alkoxy, carbamoyl amine, (C 1 -C 4) - alkyl, one or more F or OH-substituted (C 1 -C 4) - an alkyl; R4 is a substituted or An unsubstituted cycloalkyl or cycloaryl group (which may include a heteroalkyl group). The amine on the quinuclidine ring may form a quaternary alkyl ammonium salt or may be in the oxidized state (N-oxide). Carbamate (I) is an M 3 receptor antagonist is selective for M 2 receptor. In view of this, the compounds of the present invention are useful for urinary incontinence (particularly incontinence due to unstable bladder), irritable bowel syndrome, respiratory disorders (particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, rhinitis) ), And for procedures such as ophthalmic surgery. Embedded image


Mixtures, resulting from the thermal ionization of a spatially uniform mono-atomic gas, are considered.Thegasis assumed so rarefiedthat evenbyits multipleionizationit canbe regarded as ideal.Fordeterminingthe mixture equilibrium compositionitisproposedthe methodin which the distribution functions, corresponding to maximum entropy, are used. Equilibrium concentrations of the mixture components are determined as a result of integration over the space of impulses and the summation over the levels of electronic energy of these functions. Unknown parameters in the distribution functions are found from the normalization conditions. It is shown that the problem ofdeterminingthe equilibrium composition ofthe mixture, whichcontains neutral atoms, electrons andions with charge +1,...,+k, maybereduced tothesolution of onealgebraicequation of degree k +1. The solution of these equations is given in the situations when only first-order ionization or first-and second-order ionizations of atoms are possible. For an illustration, it is shown the change of relative equilibrium concentrations of atoms, ions and electrons depending on the temperature in the ionized hydrogen and in the nitrogen with the first-and second-order ionization.


In this research paper, the sensing capabilities of a tri circle split ring resonator shaped metamaterial is shown within the X-band frequency range for detection of various oil samples both theoretically and experimentally. Mathematical modelling was used to analyze the sensor efficiency for the various oil samples. A new sample holder has been made for the proposed sensor structure, and it showed significant performance. The simulated and measured transmission coefficient has been revealed in this study and monitoring the shift of resonance frequency and sensitivity of the metamaterial sensor for different oil samples. Since the dielectric constants of the oil samples differ, hence the resonance frequency is shifted. The obtained result revealed that the proposed sensor can detect a wide range of liquids, including (i) coconut and extra virgin coconut oils, (ii) olive and extra virgin olive oils, (iii) clean and waste engine oils, (iv) sunflower and canola oils. The resonance frequency has shifted to about 210, 230, 170, and 200 MHz for the above-mentioned oil samples, respectively. The sensitivity of the proposed MTM sensor is −83 dB (mg/L) which is a new analysis and quite significant as a potential sensor structure. Surface current and electric field distributions were used to deduce the sensing process. Since the recommended sensor is cheap and highly sensitive; so, it can be used in a variety of fields, such as detection of various liquids, microfluidic sensing, and industrial applications.


On the basis of imaging principle of a coaxial spherical surface optical system,a new measuring method using glass capillary for the the refractive index of micro-quantity liquid was introduced. The refractive index was obtained through measuring the focal position of a capillary filled with the liquid by a reading microscope,and doing a calculation with an analytic formula.The refractive indexes of four liquid mediums,water,ethanol,ethylene glycol and glycerin were measured,the required sample was less than 0.002 ml,the precisions of obtained refractive indexes were better than 0.000 3 for water and ethanol,and 0.000 7 for ethylene glycol and glycerin.The results show that the new measuring method can be characterized by a micro-quantity sample,and has advantages in simple equipment,easy operation and high measurement accuracy.It is adapted to measure the refractive index of transparent or translucent micro-quantity liquid sample.


In his paper on Thomas James Walker, the author equates Walker's publication on the use of pental as an anaesthetic in 1896 with sodium thiopental. However, sodium thiopental was not introduced as an anaesthetic until 1934. Pental, which had been introduced in Germany in 1892, was the trade name of b-isoamylene which was alleged to be a purer form of amylene which John Snow had stopped using as an anaesthetic in 1857 because he considered it more dangerous than chloroform. Pental proved just as hazardous as the amylene used by Snow and others.


In the latest years, high quantities of biomarkers have been studied in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). A good biomarker should have the following characteristics: 1) clinical relevance, sensibility and specificity, c) reliability and repro - ducibility, d) easy to measure and to obtain. The samples in which the biomarkers can be determined are from different sources (lung biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, exhaled breath, urine, and blood). The biomarkers can offer complementary information in order to achieve diagnosis, stage, progression, and disease activity as well as response to treatment. In this report, we review the principal reports on biomark- ers in asthma and COPD. A search for articles published between the years 1989-2013 using the Medline database. In this article we review the main biomarkers in asthma and COPD.


Passive worm, a serious risk to multimedia sharing environment, has drawn much attention because of its undetectable, destructive, and wide-ranging features. Existing propagation models for passive worm only noticed its similarity to biological viruses in propagation, ignored the impact of social attributes of P2P nodes on the spread of worms. This paper proposes a defense model of passive worm in multimedia sharing environment. The contributions made in this paper include four aspects. First, we analyze the deficiency of current defense model of passive worm based on mean-field theory in multimedia sharing environment. Second, we build a node evaluation system based on trust relationship. Third, we develop a defense model based on game theory. Fourth, we provide extensive numerical study and simulation experiments to the impact of some relevant model parameters on the defense of passive worm in multimedia sharing environment. The model presented in this paper is applicable for defending against passive worms in multimedia sharing environment.


Interior of Wayside Inn, W. Harwich; 1514, H. A. Dickerman & Son; 1¢ stamp; postmark West Dennis, 11 Sep 1909; address Mr Ralph C. Nickerson, c/o S. K. Merrill Co, 116 Chestnut St., Providence; We are getting alo


A new method for computing rigorous upper bounds on the limit loads for one‐, two‐ and three‐dimensional continua is described. The formulation is based on linear finite elements, permits kinematically admissible velocity discontinuities at all interelement boundaries, and furnishes a kinematically admissible velocity field by solving a non‐linear programming problem. In the latter, the objective function corresponds to the dissipated power (which is minimized) and the unknowns are subject to linear equality constraints as well as linear and non‐linear inequality constraints.


La doped 0.97Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3-0.03K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3 binary lead-free piezoceramic systems were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing and air-proof sintering techniques.The effects of La~(3+) addition on the phase structure,microstructure and dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated.X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that all ceramics samples(0.015≤x≤0.105) are single perovskite phase.By using the cold isostatic pressing technique,the growth of grains is suppressed and the piezoelectric properties are enhanced.All samples possessed the characteristics of diffuse phase transition and frequency dispersion,showing that the ceramics are typically relaxor ferroelectrics.With the increasing of La~(3+) doping amount,the ferroelectric-antiferroelectric transition temperature decreases,while the Curie temperature increases.At the same time,the dielectric constant,dielectric loss and piezoelectric constant all gradually decrease and the relaxor characteristics become more obvious.


In this article, we describe the development of annotation guidelines for family history information in Norwegian clinical text. We make use of incrementally developed synthetic clinical text describing patients' family history relating to cases of cardiac disease and present a general methodology which integrates the synthetically produced clinical statements and guideline development. We analyze inter-annotator agreement based on the developed guidelines and present results from experiments aimed at evaluating the validity and applicability of the annotated corpus using machine learning techniques. The resulting annotated corpus contains 477 sentences and 6030 tokens. Both the annotation guidelines and the annotated corpus are made freely available and as such constitutes the first publicly available resource of Norwegian clinical text.


Patient empowerment – which involves new visions of patient roles and attempts to'empower' the general population to take charge of their health – is an influentialidea within the western health care system. Patient empowerment, however, is produced and made 'real' through language and so to fully understand what patientempowerment is, we need to explore the discourses and discursive practices that giveit meaning. Patient empowerment is likely to be 'made real' in health promotionmaterial and the aim of this article is to investigate the discursive construction of patient empowerment in health promotion leaflets.


It is shown that elliptic solutions to the AKNS hierarchy equations can be obtained by exploring spectral curves that correspond to elliptic solutions of the KdV hierarchy. This also allows one to get the quasirational and trigonometric solutions for AKNS hierarchy equations as a limit case of the elliptic solutions mentioned above.


In order to effectively solve the security risk from energy extraction of high saturation fluency materials such as Yb-doped materials, a noval time-multiplexing amplification technology is given.