Kütahya-Bolkardağ Belt is one of the subunits of the Tauride-Anatolite Terrane stretching from the Aegean Sea to the Hınzır Mountains. It includes numerous tectonic slices, formed during the closure of the İzmir-Ankara Oceanic branch of the Neotethys. The tectonic slices are mainly derived from three different tectonic settings: irocks representing the oceanic lithosphere and subductionaccretion prism of the Izmir-Ankara Ocean (ophiolites and ophiolitic mélanges), iiflysch-type deposits that were formed in forelandbasins on the northern and passive edge of the Tauride-Anatolite platform in front of the southward advancing nappes (olistostromes with olistoliths, sedimentary mélanges), and iiisuccessions, in some cases with HP/LT metamorphism, representing the slope margin and external platform of the northern Tauride-Anatolite margin. Rock-units of the Kütahya-Bolkardağ Belt surround the HT/LP Menderes Core Complex and are also observed as slices or klippen in the "massif, or as nappes to the south of it. The rocks of the Izmir-Ankara oceanic lithosphere occur as huge allochthonous bodies/tectonic slices and blocks within the mélange and olistostromes. The fossil data and geochemical data obtained suggest the following: The earliest "oceanic" volcanism commenced during middle Carnian, the generation of ocean island-type (OIB) volcanics lasted from Bajocian to Abtian, whereas the MOR-basalts spread from Aalenian to Turonian. Supra-subductionand island-arc type basalts of Albian to Cenomanian age indicate an intra-oceanic subduction within the İzmir-Ankara Ocean. The mélanges are characterized by HP/LT metamorphism with a LP/LT


With the existance of potassium nitrosoprussianide, aniline can react with sodium hypochlorite and phynol in the medium of phosphate (pH=11.4). Phynol content within 0.06~6.40 mg/L conforms to beer's law. The measured result of trace phynol in environmental water tallies with standard way's.


This Q&A is related to the study, "Comparative life cycle environmental impacts of three beef production strategies in the Upper Midwestern United States." Disciplines Agriculture This report is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/leopold_pubspapers/69 Life Cycle Assessment of Three Beef Production Systems What is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and why is it important to the Leopold Center? Life cycle assessment is a biophysical accounting framework that has been standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to  Compile an inventory of the material and energy inputs at each stage of a product life cycle, and  Quantify how these flows contribute to specific resource use and emissions‐related environmental impacts. LCA research is being used to examine energy use, greenhouse gases, and other emissions associated with various livestock and crop production systems across the globe. The Leopold Center's mission is to focus on the environmental impacts of agricultural systems and, given the growing interest in energy and climate change, it is important that the Leopold Center include LCA in its research methodologies. What was the Leopold Center's role in this study? Associate Director Rich Pirog is a co‐author of this study, along with former Iowa State University MBA student Becky Rasmussen. They worked with lead investigator Nathan Pelletier to  design and review assumptions used in the study  assist Pelletier in collecting data appropriate to Iowa and the Midwest for the analysis, and  coordinate contacts with a variety of beef researchers, extension educators and farmers. Pelletier recently completed an interdisciplinary Ph.D. in ecological economics at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, Canada. He began collaboration with the Leopold Center on this project in early 2008. In October 2009, a report of the study findings was submitted to the journal Agricultural Systems for peer review; the paper was accepted for publication in March 2010. What was studied in this research? What were the major assumptions? We used LCA to measure impacts in two resource‐use and two emissions‐related impact categories:  Cumulative energy use  Ecological footprint  Greenhouse gas emissions (primarily carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide)  Eutrophying emissions (excess phosphate and nitrate emissions that may contribute to poor water quality) We wished to compare performance in these four environmental categories across three beef production systems, each with animals from an identical cow‐calf system (herd size of 100 cows, 15 heifers and three bulls). According to the production system used, the animals after weaning were either: 1. Sent to an Iowa feedlot for finishing (feedlot system, which requires a little over 300 days to market); 2. Transported to Oklahoma or Kansas for grazing, and later returned to an Iowa feedlot for finishing (feedlot‐ finished system, or backgrounding system, which requires 300 days on pasture and 150 days in the feedlot); or 3. Raised entirely on pasture or hay in Iowa (grass‐based system, which requires about 450 days to market). What were the major assumptions? Assumptions reflect conditions and systems used in the Upper Midwest, including the following:  Pastures have a utilization rate of 60 percent in grass‐based and cow‐calf herd systems.  Corn in the feedlot and feedlot‐finished systems is transported 30 km (about 18.6 miles). Other inputs are transported 100 km (about 62 miles).  Manure production rates for feedlot finishing were based on the Iowa Beef Center's Manure Nutrient and Solids Excretion Estimator.  Nitrogen excretion estimates were used to calculate nitrous oxide, ammonia and nitric oxide emissions.  Methane emissions from manure management and enteric fermentation were calculated according to Tier 1 and II protocols from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.  Data on corn and soybean yields, fertilizer inputs and pesticide use come from NASS and ISU Extension publications or other statistical bulletins from Midwestern land‐grant universities.  Impacts were calculated on a whole herd‐basis and on a per‐kilogram (2.2. pounds) basis of live weight production in each system. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: http://www.ipcc.ch/ What were the key findings? The cow‐calf phase in all three production systems is the greatest contributor to resource use and emissions in beef production. On a per‐kilogram basis of live weight production, impacts in all four categories were highest in the pasture‐based system and the lowest in the feedlot system. It should be noted, however, that the analysis did not take into account potential differences in carbon sequestration − soil organic carbon (SOC) that can be tied up in the soil under certain types of production. We were advised to assume equilibrium conditions in all systems by researchers at the USDA's Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment (formerly the Soil Tilth Lab) in Ames and at Colorado State University. This is because, although there may be substantial gains in SOC following, for example, a change in land use from cultivation to pasture, over time (10‐50 years) SOC levels tend towards new equilibrium conditions. A sensitivity analysis looked at the effects of managed intensive and rotational grazing in the pasture‐based system which, according to some research, increases carbon sequestration. The sensitivity analysis showed that a transition to intensive grazing management could result in substantial reductions in net greenhouse gas emissions for pasture‐based systems in the short to medium term. Our analysis also showed that phosphorus excretion was lowest in the pasture‐based system. This may have implications in comparing eutrophying emissions across different beef production systems. Measurements of resource efficiency were gathered for all three production systems. All three systems generate lower edible resource returns on material/energy investment relative to many other food production systems. In other words, beef production is a very energy intensive mode of food production. Are these findings applicable anywhere in the United States or Canada? Why or why not? No, study results reflect only the upper Midwest and results SHOULD NOT be applied to other regions. We used data and analysis from studies in the upper Midwest, primarily Iowa and Minnesota. Our results do, however, correspond with findings reported in other countries. It also should be noted that pasture‐based finishing systems in other regions of the country may have considerably better environmental performance than the upper Midwest system that we modeled. For example, regions with a longer grazing season, such as in the South, may have higher performance, which would reduce the environmental impacts. How could beef production systems be improved, so that environmental impacts are lower? In pasture‐based systems, moving to more intensive grazing could result in modest reductions in greenhouse gas emissions because of increased carbon sequestration and lower inputs for maintaining productive pastures. Managed grazing systems may increase pasture utilization beyond the assumed 60 percent rate (as much as 90 percent may be possible, according to research in Missouri) and improve environmental performance. All beef production systems could be improved with greater feed efficiency and, in the case of the feedlot systems, use of fewer inputs that rely on fossil fuels (gasoline, fertilizer, electricity). Selecting animals with superior genetics that are better suited to each system also could improve performance and thus reduce environmental impacts. Substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions also may be possible in both feedlot and pasture‐based systems through genetic selection, forage selection, various methods of methane inhibition and animal management. Several studies show that forage performance could be improved by adding certain legumes. Stonyfield Farm (the yogurt company) has a project to reduce the carbon footprint of its dairy cows by adding flax to the cows' diet of alfalfa and grasses. Flax is believed to reduce cow methane emissions and may increase the milk's omega‐3 content. One benefit of pasture‐based systems is their role in sequestering carbon and keeping it from entering the atmosphere. Was carbon sequestration considered in this study? The soil scientists and agronomists that we consulted for this study recommended that we assume equilibrium conditions in soil organic carbon, that is, no changes in carbon sequestration. However, in the sensitivity analysis described above for Stonyfield Farm: http://www.stonyfield.com/healthy_planet/what_we_do/our_practices_from_farm_to_table/ the_cup_and_what_goes_in_it/stonyfield_greener_cow_project/index.jsp the pasture‐based system, we cited a U.S. study (Phetteplace et al 2001) in which carbon sequestration increased in pastures that were recently converted to intensive grazing. The sensitivity analysis showed that if we applied this increase in soil carbon storage when pastures were moved to intensive grazing, the greenhouse gas emissions in the pasture‐based system would be lower than the other two systems studied (see Table 2 in the report for these findings). This sensitivity analysis did not, however, account for decreasing soil organic carbon sequestration rates over time as the system approaches new equilibrium conditions. I thought grass‐based systems helped build healthy soil and reduce erosion from water and wind? Grass‐based beef production systems are built on perennial crops (such as native forages and trees) that cover the land to improve soil health and reduce soil erosion, both of which can enhance water quality. This study did not directly examine water quality impacts of the three systems. This study also did not examine the social and economic dimensions of these three pr


In the paper are considered the processes of scattered damage accumulation as multiscale and multistage kinetic processes that lead to degradation of the physical and mechanical properties of structural materials, such as elasticity modules E, G and lead to structural changes in structural materials as a result of material loosening under external influences. ISSN 2521-1943. Mechanics and Advanced Technologies #3 (87), 2019


To write about Central Europe and do justice to all the problems that face us there, and to the nations that provoked them, is well nigh impossible. That part of Europe, in its national and political makeup, resembles a crazy quilt which does not, at first glance, present any common thread to unravel the general design of its historical and political evolution. The nations occupying the vast regions from the North Sea to the Adriatic and the Black Seas are so numerous and, on the surface, so heterogeneous, that it appears impossible to find any common ground on which all could meet and forget their national, religious, and political differences. Who will work the miracle of discovering a common interest among the Germans, the Slavs, the Magyars, and the Rumanians? Strictly speaking, Central Europe only includes the Germans from the Rhine to die Oder, the Czechs, the Magyars, the Slovenes, and the Croats. But any study of dieir history reveals that their story is inseparable from the history of Eastern and Soudieastern Europe. For a true understanding of Central Europe Poland and the Balkans must also be considered.


DNA replication and repair pathway. By performing co-immu-noprecipitation, reduced interaction of p110 a with ATR was found in cervical cancer cells with PIK3CA mutations, which made them sensitive to the combination of Alpelisib and cis-platin in vivo . Furthermore, we found that Alpelisib signifi-cantly suppressed tumor proliferation and migration in cervical carcinoma cells via inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway. Conclusion Our study provides insights into the molecular characteristics between SCC and CAdC and identifies Alpelisib as a therapeutic option for PIK3CA mutational cervical carcinoma.


With the further development of globalization,more and more foreigners are working and living in China.Foreigner's movement promotes the development of Chinese economy,and at the same time,a lot of international communities are forming in some cities of China.Pluralistic culture exchanges and integrates in these communities,then the challenges and new requirements are given for strengthening and innovating social affairs management and community management in China.Therefore,the innovation of China's community management and service under the background multi-culture has important practical significance.


At present,GPS survey is widely used in distortion monitor of three gorges district.But in the conventional data processing,some point's survey error may result in a big error in the whole monitor network in the step of network adjustment.In order to solve this problem,the single baseline vector solution is introduced.With this solution,the monitoring data among March,2005 to 2007 in the district of Changwu landslide is calculated.It shows that this method can decrease survey error and amount of office work,and can be used in practice.


Introduction 'New' Themes A 'New' Paradigm Media Production and the Encoding of Gender Media Texts and Gender Spectatorship and the Gaze Gender and Media Reception Research Methods


A study which presents scientific evidence of a strong association between child maltreatment - particularly physical abuse and child neglect - and the prevalence of stressful social conditions and events.


1. An aqueous coating composition which comprises: the first solid polymeric particles selected from the group consisting of: composite copolymer particles produced in a multistage process (hereinafter multilayer particle), with a continuously varying refractive index (grin) with an average diameter of 0, 60-0,99 micron, multilayer copolymeric particles having a mean diameter of 0,60-0,99 um and rubbery core, the calculated glass transition temperature (T) core is 20 ° C or less, and also mixtures thereof, and a second solid polymer particles with TGI aschetnoy -60 ° C to 120 ° C and an average particle diameter of 50 nm to 500 nm, wherein the weight ratio (based on dry substance) of said first solid polymer particles and said second polymer solids is from 0.15: 1 to 10: 1, and said aqueous coating composition contains less than 10 vol. % Of inorganic particles as napolnitelya.2. The aqueous coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the first polymeric particles are selected from the group consisting of:. Acrylic multilayer copolymeric particles vinyl multilayer copolymer particles, multi-layer synthetic rubbery copolymer particles, multi-layer urethane copolymer particles, graft copolymer particles are dispersible in water and mixtures thereof , combinations thereof, and mixtures with a single layer of crosslinked sopolimerom.3. The aqueous coating composition according to Claim. 1, where the first solid polymer particles and the second solid polymer particles are acrylic polimery.4. The aqueous coating composition according to claim. 3, wherein said second solid polymer particles are acrylic copolymer particles obtained during


Abstract : This report was originally issued in July 1941 as NDRC Report A-16 (OSRD No. 19) and was based upon a study on penetration mechanics from results made available by the Naval Proving Ground and by the Naval Research Laboratory. It was to be considered as Part I of a theoretical study of the mechanics of armor perforation.


Cloud computing and video streaming services have been in constant expansion in recent years. Along with it, the demand for computing resources has also increased significantly. In this context, monitoring the use of these resources is crucial to maintain a satisfactory level of Quality of Service and, consequently, Quality of Experience, especially in video transmission services. This work discusses a new method of monitoring resources and quality of service metrics on content servers involving CPU utilization and server throughput, which is obtained in a distributed way. For that, a distributed collector system that is based on a modified version of the ring election algorithm is developed to retrieve the Quality of Service metrics in each server. Evaluation experiment results show that there are no performance gains on the system such as the content loading faster for the user, there are however, improvements in terms of the whole system scalability. The greater the number of servers for monitoring, the better the approach is compared to the traditional method of monitoring resources through request and response.


The transport-related infrastructure policies of the EU are being revised according to new criteria. Accordingly, to foster good neighbourly relations, the transport-related infrastructure policies of the EU are to be orientated towards those new neighbours, which share a border with the EU since its expansion on 1 May 2004, by giving due consideration to their transport requirements. No less than 27 states are involved, including Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Israel, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Ukraine etc. Led by the former EU Transport Commissioner Loyola de Palacio, a top level group has given priority status to five major international transport routes linking the new neighbours with the EU while also providing access to the interior of the countries concerned. Certain sections of these traffic arteries have been selected for expansion and completion on a priority basis in line with their pre-determined roles. Some of these routes form part of major trans-European transport corridors, others function separately. In all, this reaches far beyond the transport functions taken into account in the case of the -rather distant - countries in question. As yet, there is no comprehensive plan for the financial back-up needed in support of infrastructure-related policies.


The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon is a harmful environmental problem in urban areas affecting both climatic and ecological processes. This paper aims to highlight and monitor the spatial distribution of Surface UHI (SUHI) in the Casablanca region, Morocco, using remote sensing data. To achieve this goal, a time series of Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI-TIRS images was acquired from 1984 to 2016 and analyzed. In addition, nocturnal MODIS images acquired from 2005 to 2015 were used to evaluate the nighttime SUHI. In order to better analyze intense heat produced by urban core, SUHI intensity (SUHII) was computed by quantifying the difference of land surface temperature (LST) between urban and rural areas. The urban core SUHII appears more significant in winter seasons than during summer, while the pattern of SUHII becomes moderate during intermediate seasons. During winter, the average daytime SUHII gradually increased in the residential area of Casablanca and in some small peri-urban cities by more than 1 °C from 1984 to 2015. The industrial areas of the Casablanca region were affected by a significant rise in SUHII exceeding 15 °C in certain industrial localities. In contrast, daytime SUHII shows a reciprocal effect during summer with emergence of a heat island in rural areas and development of cool islands in urban and peri-urban areas. During nighttime, the SUHII remains positive in urban areas year-round with higher values in winter as compared to summer. The results point out that the seasonal cycle of daytime SUHII as observed in the Casablanca region is different from other mid-latitude cities, where the highest values are often observed in summer during the day.


From trade relations to greenhouse gases, from shipwrecks to cybercrime, treaties structure the rights and obligations of states, international organizations, and individuals. For centuries, treaties have regulated relations among nation states. Today, they are the dominant source of international law. Thus, being adept with treaties and international agreements is an indispensable skill for anyone engaged in international relations. This revised and updated edition provides a comprehensive guide to treaties, shedding light on the rules and practices surrounding the making, interpretation, and operation of these instruments. The chapters are designed to introduce the law of treaties and offer practical insights into how treaties actually work. Foundational issues are covered, including what treaties are and when they should be used, alongside detailed analyses of treaty formation, application, interpretation, and exit. Special issues associated with treaties involving the European Union and other international organizations are also addressed. These are complimented by a set of model treaty clauses. Real examples illustrate the approaches that treaty-makers can take on topics such as entry into force, languages, reservations, and amendments. The book thus provides an authoritative reference point for anyone studying or involved in the creation or interpretation of treaties or other forms of international agreement.


At the end of 2014, Malaysia was rocked by the worst floods over the past half century. The states on the east coast of peninsular Malaysia, which consists of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang among the worst hit compare to similar disaster in
1971. However, the disparity that existed during this most recent catastrophe is that it happens in the era of communication technology advancement. This scenario has impact tremendously in term of disaster communication behaviour among the public.
Thus, the question on how and what impact has the contemporary communication medium such twitter serve during disasters like floods are an interesting and significant question? Twitter hashtag #prayforpantaitimur have been analysed to answer these questions.A sum of 2711 Twitter messages during the first week of the disaster were content analysed.The analysis found that
the Twitter messages shared during the disaster is focusing on sharing of information.Current information, reaction to the victims, sharing experiences and fund raising are four categories of twitter messages that were shared during this period of time.In summary, this study provides an empirical understanding of social media used in particular the Twitter during disaster in Malaysia


This paper presents a detailed investigation of a stochastic model that rules the spreading behavior of the measles virus while accounting for the white noises and the influence of immunizations. It is hypothesized that the perturbations of the model are nonlinear, and that a person may lose the resistance after vaccination, implying that vaccination might create temporary protection against the disease. Initially, the deterministic model is formulated, and then it has been expanded to a stochastic system, and it is well-founded that the stochastic model is both theoretically and practically viable by demonstrating that the model has a global solution, which is positive and stochastically confined. Next, we infer adequate criteria for the disease's elimination and permanence. Furthermore, the presence of a stationary distribution is examined by developing an appropriate Lyapunov function, wherein we noticed that the disease will persist for R0s>1 and that the illness will vanish from the community when R0s<1. We tested the model against the accessible data of measles in Pakistan during the first ten months of 2019, using the conventional curve fitting methods and the values of the parameters were calculated accordingly. The values obtained were employed in running the model, and the conceptual findings of the research were evaluated by simulations and conclusions were made. Simulations imply that, in order to fully understand the dynamic behavior of measles epidemic, time-delay must be included in such analyses, and that advancements in every vaccine campaign are inevitable for the control of the disease.


This paper explores how railroad freight transportation and trucking complement each other, and also describes the ways and situations in which they compete. It discusses the factors that influence mode choice and presents empirical evidence of freight competition between trucking and railroads.


Objective
To investigate the clinical effects and safety of agomelatine in treatment of anxiety and depression.

Methods
A total of 200 patients with anxiety and depression admitted to the Sixth People's Hospital of Datong from March 2016 to March 2018 were selected. The patients were divided into anxiety group and depression group according to their specific diagnoses, with 100 cases in each group. All patients were treated with agomelatine for 8 weeks. The clinical effects and adverse reactions of the two group were observed and compared.

Results
The two groups completed 8 weeks of treatment successfully. During the period, there were no abnormal circumstances such as interruption of treatment, accidental death, voluntary withdrawal and so on. The total effective rates of clinical treatment in anxiety group and depression group were 91.00% and 89.00%, respectively and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions caused by drugs between the two groups during treatment (P>0.05).

Conclusions
Agomelatine can achieve significant results in the treatment of anxiety and depression, and effectively ensure the safety of clinical medicationfor patients.

Key words:
Depression; Anxiety; Agomelatine


In this study, we investigated the role that soil moisture conditions played in the drought of 1988 and the flood of 1993 over the Mississippi basin using a regional climate model. Simulations were initialized with different magnitudes of soil moisture to develop an understanding of the role of soil moisture in the atmospheric dynamics of these events. Additional simulations were performed with different initialization dates to see how the timing of the soil moisture anomaly affected climate. Furthermore, we used two different convective parameterizations (Kuo-Anthes and Grell) to determine whether the sensitivity of soil moisture to precipitation is influenced by the choice of convective scheme. Overall, regardless of the convection scheme used, the model did an adequate job in simulating the spatial patterns of precipitation in May and September of both years. However, in July, when convective activity in mid-latitudes is at a maximum, both convective parameterizations do an unsatifactory job of simulating the spatial distributions of rainfall. We found that neither improving the boundary condition resolution nor adjusting some of the convection scheme's parameters significantly improved the simulation of precipitation. The magnitude and timing of the soil moisture anomaly does play a large role in the sensitivity of precipitation to soil moisture. The two convective parameterizations, however, give significantly different results. Results from the Kuo-Anthes scheme suggest that soil moisture did play a major role in the persistence of the drought of 1988 and the flood of 1993. On the other hand, results from the Grell scheme indicate that the persistence of these events were primarily a result of large-scale circulation anomalies. The contrasting differences in soil moisture precipitation sensitivities between the two convective parameterizations raises many questions about the results of previous numerical modeling studies. Thesis Supervisor: Elfatih A. B. Eltahir Title: Assistant Professor


We have developed, validated, and applied a fast and accurate, interactive, easy to use tool for estimating seismic event depth and mechanism by modeling the initial P‐wave bundle. Significant features of this tool include its applicability over a broad band of frequencies (f≤2 Hz) and magnitudes (mb≥4.5), its ability to provide accurate high‐resolution depth estimates, and its ability to provide constraints on event mechanism including isotropic contributions. It also provides estimates of random and model errors and can be used to test hypotheses and investigate sensitivity to and trade‐offs between model parameters.


We have studied by in situ hybridization the expression of the genes encoding the somatic form and the oocyte form of Xenopus laevis eEF-la. The somatic form of eEF-la (eEF-laS) mRNA is virtually undetectable in male and female germ cells of the adult gonad but is very abundant in embryonic cells after the neurula stage. In contrast, another form of eEF-la (eEF-laO) mRNA is highly concentrated in oogonia and in previtellogenic oocytes but is undetectable in eggs and embryos. eEF-laO mRNA is also present in spermatogonia and spermatocytes of adult testis. The latter finding identifies eEF-laO mRNA as a germ cell-specific gene product. Although germ cells contain very little eEF-laS mRNA, several eEF-laS retropseudogenes exist in X. laevis chromosomes. These genes are thought to arise in germ cells from reverse transcription of mRNA and subsequent integration of the cDNA copies into chromosomal DNA. We suggest that eEF-laS pseudogenes are generated in primordial germ cells of the embryo before they differentiate into oogonia or spermatogoma. Protein synthesis in early embryos of amphibians is supported by mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes of maternal origin (1). In Xenopus laevis some components of the translation apparatus present in oocytes differ from the corresponding components found in somatic tissues. For instance, the oocyte contains special versions of 5S RNA (2, 3) and tyrosine tRNA (4) that differ from their somatic counterparts. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the oocyte also contains a special variety of the eEF-la (5). eEF-la is a protein that binds and delivers aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site (or entry site) of the 80S ribosome (6). Replacement of the oocyte form of 5S RNA, tRNA, and eEF-la by the somatic form of these molecules is caused by a switch in gene activity that occurs in early embryonic development (4, 5, 7). Northern (RNA) blot analysis has shown that the mRNA encoding the oocyte form of eEF-la (eEF-laO) is abundant in oocytes of all stages (5). The somatic form of eEF-la (eEF-laS) mRNA is hardly detectable in oocytes but accumulates rapidly in embryos after the midblastula transition (5, 8). We wished to confirm and extend these observations by in situ hybridization experiments with sections of immature ovaries. By this method the concentration and the intracellular distribution of the mRNAs can be determined in a single operation. The results reported here confirm those of the Northern blot analyses and provide some additional information. eEFlaO mRNA is already present in premeiotic germ cells (oogonia). Its distribution in later germ cells (oocytes) is uniform. This distribution contrasts with the distribution of eEF-la protein, which is concentrated in a small region of the oocyte cytoplasm known as the mitochondrial mass or Balbiani body (9). Extending our studies to other cell types, we found that eEF-laO mRNA is present not only in female germ cells but also in male germ cells of the adult gonad. Only spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes contain significant amounts of eEF-laO mRNA. Spermatids and spermatozoa have little eEF-laO mRNA. The concentration of eEF-laS mRNA in male germ cells is much lower than that ofeEF-laO and does not reach the level of detection. The dual eEF-la gene system of X. laevis offers the opportunity to study the origin of retropseudogenes in vertebrates. Retropseudogenes (also called processed pseudogenes) are intronless genes thought to be DNA copies of reverse-transcribed mRNAs, inserted at random into chromosomal DNA (10). The insertion event must occur in germ cells (11-13). In mammals, there are few examples of processed pseudogenes corresponding to mRNAs encoding tissue-specific proteins (11-14) because these would be rare or absent in germ cells. In contrast, retropseudogenes derived from mRNAs encoding housekeeping functions usually outnumber functional copies of the homologous genes, presumably because these mRNAs are abundant in germ cells (13, 15, 16). In view of this information, we expected the X. laevis genome to contain more copies of eEF-laO pseudogenes than eEF-laS pseudogenes because the eEF-laO mRNA is by far the more abundant species in germ cells. In fact, the opposite situation prevails. X. laevis chromosomes contain several eEF-laS retropseudogenes, two of which have been cloned and sequenced.§ The origin of eEF-laS pseudogenes can be explained in different ways. A likely possibility is that eEF-laS pseudogenes arise in primordial germ cells of the embryo because these cells presumably contain large amounts of eEF-laS mRNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS In Situ Hybridization. Oocytes and embryos were staged according to normal tables (17, 18). Stages of male first meiotic prophase were identified by microscopic observation of Feulgen-stained testis sections. Abbreviations: eEF-la, eukaryotic translation elongation factor la; eEF-laO, oocyte form of eEF-la; eEF-laS, somatic form of eEFla. §The sequences of the eEF-la pseudogenes have been deposited in the GenBank data base (accessions nos. M73268 and M73269 for eEF-la*Sl and M73266 and M73267 for eEF-la*S2). 9277 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 9278 Developmental Biology: Abdallah et al. Embryos and fragments of gonads from young adults (3-5 cm from mouth to anus) were fixed and processed as described (19). Rehydrated sections were hybridized with 35Slabeled antisense RNA probes (106 cpm per slide) prepared as described (19) by transcription of eEF-laS (8) and eEF-laO (5) cDNAs. Sense probes were prepared in parallel and used as controls to evaluate background levels. After extensive washings (19), the slides were dipped in Amersham LM-1 emulsion and exposed for 7-11 days at 40C. The density of silver grains on the autoradiograms was measured by means of a Plumbicon camera mounted on a Leitz Orthoplan microscope. The grains were counted over a known area by a microdensitometer connected to a PDP 11/34 computer (Digital Equipment). All values were corrected for background-i.e., number of grains over a section probed with sense RNA. The number of grains per cell was calculated from the diameter of the cell and the thickness of the sections (7.5 um).


The Operational Trans-conductance Amplifier (OTA) is the block with the highest power consumption in analog integrated circuits and many applications. Low power consumption is becoming more important in miniature device, so it is challenging to design a low power OTA. At a large supply voltages, there is a trade-off between speed, gain and power for an OTA design since these parameters are contradicting each other. The telescopic trans-conductance amplifier consume less power compared with the other Trans-conductance amplifiers, so it is widely used in low power consumption and it also has the high speed characteristic. In This Paper Telescopic OTA is designed for 180nm BSIM4 Technology using LT –Spice Orcad simulator, This designed Telescopic OTA achieved gain 136db, Phase Margin 81 degree, UGBW 80MHz which are the basic performance parameter of an OTA.


Fifty years after the Nobel Prize was awarded to Ziegler and Natta, the transition-metal catalyzed polymerization of olefins remains one of the most important reactions conducted on the industrial scale and the subject of industrial as well as academic research. This introductory article will provide a short historical review of the discovery of catalyzed olefin polymerization by Ziegler, Natta, and others and its development in the years following the Nobel Prize, as well as giving insight into Ziegler-Natta polymerization for the nonspecialist.


Feature extraction criteria of the form f(D_{l}, \cdots ,D_{M},\Sigma_{1}, \cdots , \Sigma_{M}) are considered where D_{i} and \Sigma_{i} are the conditional means and covariances. The function f is assumed to be invariant under nonsingular linear transformations and coordinate shifts. For the case f(D_{1},D_{2},\Sigma_{o}) , f is shown to depend only upon the distance (D_{2}-D_{1})^{T} \Sigma_{o}^{-1}(D_{2}-D_{1}) between classes. The M class case, f(D_{1}, \cdots ,D_{M}, \Sigma_{o}) , is shown to depend upon the (M-1)M/2 between-class distances (D_{j}-D_{k})^{T} \Sigma^{-1}_{O}(D_{j}-D_{k}) . This criterion is also shown to be equivalent to the mean-square-error of the general Bayes risk estimate. The most general f is reduced to a function of M sets of between-class distances with metrics induced by the conditional covariances. When M=2 this dependence is reduced to two parameters which may be regarded as different between-class distance measures. Finally, the linear mapping is reduced to a one-parameter problem as in the work of Peterson and Mattson.


Bi2Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3-xCoxO10+δ high temperature superconductors with x=0, 0.2 and 0.4 were prepared by a solid state reaction method. The samples properties have been investigated structurally by X-ray diffraction and morphologically by scanning electron microscopy. Structural analysis showed that two superconducting phases coexist in the samples high temperature Bi-2223 and low-temperature phase 2212 with orthorhombic structure for all samples. Four point probe method was used to study the electrical properties of the samples and all of them showed superconductivity behavior. The transition temperature increases with the increasing Co concentration and sintering temperature. Bi2Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3-xCoxO10+δ superconductor sintered at 130 0C shows highest critical temperature 114 K.


The very tight critical dimension(CD) specification as well as the very small energy latitude(EL) of the 65-nm node and beyond, planned to be accomplished by ArF lithography, require that the control of the employed thin-film stack should also be very tight. In such cases, there are generally several optical parameters of the thin-film stack that have appreciable effects on CD variation. So, we can not just focus on minimizing the swing effect by minimizing substrate reflectivity, as we did conventionally. Here, we propose a systematic methodology for doing optimization of the thin-film stack when several optical parameters of the thin-film stack come into play simultaneously. By adopting a proper figure of merit, the optimization can be done automatically. The specially designed algorithm ensures that global optimization can be achieved.


Pairing–based cryptosystems are well implemented with Ate–type pairing over Barreto–Naehrig (BN)
curve. Then, for instance, their securities depend on the difficulty of Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP)
on the so–denoted G3 over BN curve. This paper, in order to faster solve the DLP, first proposes to
utilize Gauss period Normal Basis (GNB) for Pollard's rho method, and then considers to accelerate the
solving by an adoption of lazy random walk, namely tag tracing technique proposed by Cheon et al.


The subject of this research is the process of converting former industrial sites to residential facilities. The object is the housing stock of Moscow. The author explores the theoretical aspects of reproduction of housing stock, giving special attention to conversion of the category of industrial buildings to residential category, which expands the quantitative characteristics of the housing stock. Analysis is conducted on the statistical data of conversion of industrial sites to residential facilities, as well as the available examples of redevelopment of the industrial sites. The conclusion is made that the housing stock is an interlink between many life spheres and the development of its characteristics is required on a permanent basis, which in essence is the reproduction of housing stock through reconstruction, modernization or total building renovation. The implementation of such method as conversion of former industrial sited into residential facilities would contribute to the expansion of the real estate market and increase in the number of residential units, minimizing many issues in the housing stock. The author proves the feasibility of solving issues in the housing stock of the city through conversion of former industrial sites to housing facilities. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that many authors view such method as the solution of disused former industrial buildings, rather than from the perspective of minimization of issues in the housing stock.


Three Gram-negative strains, SJOD-M-6T, SJOD-M-5, and SJOD-M-33, were isolated from Ostrea denselamellosa. These strains are oxidase- and catalase-positive coccoids that thrive aerobically. The three strains shared 100.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and showed average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of 99.7–99.8% and 93.8–96.8%, suggesting that they belonged to the same species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that all three isolates belong to the genus Poseidonibacter. Their closest neighbors were Poseidonibacter parvus LPB0137T (98.8%), Poseidonibacter antarcticus SM1702T (98.7%), and Poseidonibacter lekithochrous LFT 1.7T (95.5%). However, the ANI and dDDH values between SJOD-M-6T (the representative strain of the novel species) and its closest phylogenetic relatives fell well below the established cut-off values of <95% (ANI) and <70% (dDDH) for species delineation. Furthermore, several phenotypic traits distinguish the novel strains from their closest relatives. Based on the combined genotypic and phenotypic data, strains SJOD-M-6T, SJOD-M-5, and SJOD-M-33 are classified as novel species within the genus Poseidonibacter. We propose the name Poseidonibacter ostreae sp. nov. for this novel species, with the type strain being SJOD-M-6T (=KCTC 72758T = NBRC 114334T = FBCC-B685).


This study systematically examines collegiate leadership centers and their role in leader development. The findings extend research from the Multi-Institutional Study of Leadership by focusing on centers as the unit of analysis. Our mixed-method approach involved coding center websites and analyzing center director responses from an online survey. Results indicate a proliferation of leadership centers, especially at public universities, as well as a leader-centric philosophy that directs much leader development programs. The results from 69 leadership centers in the United States highlight a disconnect between research and practice, and an opportunity to advance leader development through greater use of evidence-based methods.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze if the Economic Profit (EP) better explains the Brazilian companies' market value than the Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT) or Net Income (NI). Therefore, it contributes to the debate on the superiority of Economic Value Added (EVA®) in explaining a company's value. The results indicate that the EP of the Brazilian companies analyzed from 2005 to 2008 is not comparatively better than the NOPAT or NI. This is a consistent result compared to those based on data from American, Japanese and Greek companies.


Abstract : The objective of this research was to critically evaluate a portion of the Air Training Command T-46A Implementation Master Plan dated 1 March 1983. The process of converting students and instructor pilots from T-37 to T-46A was analyzed for feasibility and sensitivity to changes in certain resources and schedules. A simple analytical approach was used, calculating and comparing flying hours required versus available for various resource situations. The basic plan, as written for Laughlin AFB, is infeasible because of a short-age of flying hours during several months. The primary causes of this imbalance are: use of partial- and no-simulator syllabi; peak flying during the Operational Readiness Assessment (ORA); and the relatively low initial T-46A utilization rate. Some options for making the plan more workable are analyzed, as is a plan to convert without additional instructor pilots. Other approaches are suggested, without analysis. Besides the actual pilot conversion, there are brief analyses and comments on acquiring additional instructor pilots, manning the ORA, and conversion at subsequent bases. The findings are based on specific assumptions which must be clearly understood. The author concludes that the basic plan can be made feasible by applying suggested modifications. (Author)


In Lieu of an Introduction Youth and the Change in Values The Germans' View of Politics The Germans and Their Nation Germany's International Role Notes Bibliography Index


Microsporogenesis in 10 species of Taraxacum was studied. Meiosis is both of regular and irregular type resulting in the formation of regular tetrads, dyads, triads, pentads and hexads etc. The resulting spores are reduced as well as of unreduced types. A scheme is prepared to cover the majority of the most frequent abnormalities during microsporogenesis in Taraxacum ssp. The reason for the meiotic disturbances is also discussed.


The actuator is the most important part for a greenhouse monitoring and control system. For fitting the trend of greenhouse monitoring and control systems' developments which was communicated by network and becoming wireless, a general smart control module which can be used in Ethernet and Wireless sensor Networks was designed. As a general and standardized module, it can fit together with different communicating modules as smart actuators working in greenhouse monitoring and control systems based on IEEE1451.2 or ZigBee. For improving the reliability and robustness of the smart actuator, anti-interference designs were used in this paper.


For adapting the growing demand of automatic information in power dispatching system,the network telecontrol channel appears and is used more and more extensively.First of all,this article introduces the structure of network telecontrol channel and the general test method.In addition,introduces a test to telnet the remote server in order to realize the channel test anywhere and anytime.Test method on this paper is simple,agile and practical.It can improve the working efficiency by low investment.There is a great significance to operating maintenance.


Snake bites pose a major public health problem worldwide, this pathology is worrying given the mortality, the morbidity it causes and the limited and often discontinuous availability of antivenomserotherapy. The objective of our study is to reveal the epidemiological characteristics, and the elements of management of Ophidian envenomations in the region of Laayoune in Morocco and to follow the practice of an Inoserp® MENA antigen after the production stop of FAVafrique®. This is a retrospective and descriptive study of a series of 23 viperin bite-related cases, which were admitted between January 2011 and December 2017 at the 3rd Military Hospital Laayoune in Morocco. The analysis of inpatient records allowed us to study the circumstances of bite occurrence according to the climatic conditions of the area, biological data, clinical signs, severity criteria and therapeutic treatment. The length of stay in the hospital allowed us to compare two groups; it was lower in the group of patients who received Inoserp®, compared to the group of patients who received the FavAfrique®. This reduction in the length of stay in the intensive care unit, which implies a decrease in the use of other therapies, associated biological and radiological assessments, has saved approximately $ 125 per patient. The availability of antivenoms in first aid units and early management has improved the prognosis.


While the surgeon general's report notes that effective treatment exists for opioid use, one psychiatrist points out that more funding is needed to make treatment more available.


In order to reveal the fauna component, ecological distribution and dynamic variation, the mid-micro soil animal communities of 7 typical forest ecosystems in the northern Daxing'an Mountains were investigated. 12 841 mid-micro soil animals of 61 groups were collected and classified into 44 families, 18 orders, 7 classes in 4 phylums. 4 dominant groups of the animals were Mesostigmata, Oribatida, Prostigmata and Isotomidae, while 3 common groups were Onychiuridae, Chironomidae and Pseudachorutidae, all of which acounted for 92.38% of the total. The results suggested that individual and group number of the soil animals varied greatly in different forest communities. Their horizontal distribution was found as in Populus and Larix olgensis Ⅱ Betula platyphyila Ⅲ Betula platyphyila and Simsii planch Ⅰ [HJ]Quercus mongolica Ⅴ Larix olgensis and Marsh Ⅳ Pinus sylvestris Ⅵ Salix and meadow Ⅶ. The surface gathering of vertical distribution was obvious. The diversity index (H′) of soil animal community was Salix and meadow Ⅶ Betula platyphyila Ⅲ Larix olgensis and Marsh Ⅳ Opulus and Larix olgensis Ⅱ Betula platyphyila and Simsii planch Ⅰ Pinus sylvestris Ⅵ Quercus mongolica Ⅴ. The dynamic variation of the soil animal individual number was October August June, while that of the group number was less obvious than that of the individual number. The species were found more in August and October, and less in June. The dynamic change of diversity index was August June October. The trend of dynamic variations of individual number, group number and diversity index of most communities was similar to that of the whole variation. Fig 1, Tab 5, Ref 18


Objective To study the diagnostic value of intraoperative fine needle aspiration in the differentiation of pancreatic mass.Methods The data of intraoperative fine needle aspiration,biopsy and imagings of 36 cases was analyzed retrospectively.Results The diagnostic rates of the three groups were 75%,77.3% and 80.6% respectively,without significant different.The results of the three groups were intercrossed.Some false negative occured in IFNA,but no serious complications like bleeding and pancreatic leak took place.IFNA had the merit of obtaining cytopathological data.Conclusion Combined with imagings,IFNA is practically valuable in the comfirmative diagnosis of pancreatic mass.It is suggested IFNA should be used as an operative routine.


The aims of this study were to identify the levels of gender egalitarianism, self-esteem, and collective self-esteem of cadets and to investigate the correlations among them. Methods : The data were collected using self-reported questionnaires comprised of the measurement tools for gender egalitarianism, self-esteem, collective self-esteem, and demographic characteristics from 423 cadets in the Republic of Korea. Results : From the analysis of the results, positive correlations exist among the cadets` gender egalitarianism, self-esteem and collective self-esteem. Specifically, female cadets scored higher than male cadets in gender egalitarianism category. However, cadets` gender egalitarianism was not statistically significant in relation to demographic characteristics. Only the male cadets showed differences in gender egalitarianism related to parental nurture attitude. Conclusion : These findings suggest that an educational program should be developed making a gender equality culture rather than focusing on the cadets` demographic characteristics to improve the male cadets` gender egalitarianism. More importantly, parental nurture attitude should be considered an affect factor in male cadets` gender egalitarianism. By improving cadets` gender egalitarianism, self-esteem and collective self-esteem could also be enhanced.


Aqueous poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution was modified by using hydrophobic vinyltriethoxysilane (VTEOS) and then adding different amounts of poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) to the resulting solution. Thermal and mechanical properties, contact angle, water vapor transmission rate (MVTR) and oxygen gas transmission rate (O2TR) of the film samples fabricated by these solutions were investigated. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the VTEOS-modified films was sightly increased and the value remained unchanged according to the amount of PAA. The tensile strength of the VTEOS-modified films was found to be 9.48~10.72 kg/mm 2 which showed no significant difference compared with that of PVA. The film prepared with VTEOS-modified PVA/PAA (= 90/10), of which the swelling and solubility were measured to be 198% and 0%, respectively, showed improved water-resistance. The MVTR and O2TR for the PET film (thickness 50 µm) coated with VTEOS-modified PVA/PAA (= 90/10) film (thickness 2.5 µm) were measured to be 11.04 g/m 2 /day and 3.1 cc/m 2 /day, respectively.


In a majority of business research field studies the concepts being measured are abstract and complex, and the tools available are relatively crude and primitive. The prior art provides indications, suggestions and allusions to the concept of a multi-dimensional decision making model, but there is no general theory empirically identifying these dimensions. Using the semantic differential technique, a decision-dimension profiling construct is developed. Support is sought for the theoretical a-priori hypotheses that decisions have multiple dimensions and these dimensions can be measured. The results indicate that a decision problem can be characterized by measuring eight semantic scales to proxy three dimensions; Risk, Scale, and Complexity. Similarly, eight additional semantic scales are identified to proxy the four dimensions; Logic, Speed, Scope, and Tactics; that a decision-maker uses to approach a decision problem.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study were to know the effect of giving rice bran fermented using tape yeast for population growth of  D aphnia sp. and to know the concentration of rice bran to increase populationsof Daphnia sp.. This study was conducted in the Laboratorium Dasar Perikanan , Aquaculture Program Study, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya from July until September 2014. This study used randomized completely design method with five treatments and three replications. The treatment for culturing Daphnia sp. using chicken manure and rice bran fermented as feed. The treatments wereA (0.0005 g chicken manure.mL -1 culture media (control)), B (0.1 g.mL -1 rice bran fermented), C (0.15 g.mL - 1 rice bran fermented), D (0.2 g.mL -1 rice bran fermented), E (0.25 g.mL -1 rice bran fermented). The parameters observed were the high population on firstcycle, the population growth, long  time of the peak population D aphnia sp. andphysics chemistry water. The result showed that fed rice bran fermented using tape yeast culture of Daphnia sp. give effect to density, population growth, reached the long time population of Daphnia sp. culture. The highest population density and growth rate in the culture of the D aphnia sp., using concentration 0.1 g.mL -1 rice bran fermented. Keywords : Daphnia sp. , rice bran, fermented, chicken manure, population growth


XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is becoming the most relevant standardization effort in the area of document representation through markup languages. Through XML, it is possible to define complex documents, containing information at different degrees of sensitivity. Moreover, the processes of document exchange and acquisition, which can be very frequent in Web-based information systems, are simplified and standardized. In this scenario, there is a strong need for policies to control and regulate the access and dissemination of XML documents. In the paper, we discuss main protection requirements posed by XML documents and we present a set of authorization and dissemination policies that enable both a controlled access to XML documents in a given source and the exchange of XML documents across different sources.


A majority of the chemical processes are naturally a Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) system because of the existence of many loops where the interactions between the loops are high. In a Single Input Single Output (SISO) control, the primary objective is to maintain only one variable nearer to its set point, though several measured variables are involved. In contrast to SISO system, the MIMO control involves maintaining several controlled variables at their relevant setpoints simultaneously, Cha et al. (2002). For controlling MIMO systems, a single loop tuned controller design procedure cannot be directly applied because of the heavy interaction among the loops.. A Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) is one of the versatile reactors which find its application in many chemical and petrochemical industries, exhibiting reasonably high non-linear behaviour. The control of CSTR throws a challenge to the control engineers to design a well-suited controller for its smooth operation. The interaction in the CSTR is phenomenal and hence in this present work, the Biggest Log modulus Tuning (BLT) is designed for the CSTR and performances are evaluated under various operating conditions through simulation.


The 2008 annual conference of the Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Society took place on October 15–18 at Harvard Medical School in Boston, sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences. While oligonucleotides have been considered for quite some time to hold tremendous potential for medical applications, the field has only recently progressed at a much faster pace. At this conference, the new developments of the various classes of oligonucleotides were presented and discussed in a number of sessions, each devoted to a particular subject. These comprised the RNase H-activating oligodeoxynucleotides, small interfering (si)RNAs, micro (mi)RNAs, aptamers, and splice-interfering and immune-stimulatory oligonucleotides. Drug and therapeutic development leading to clinical programs were given particular emphasis. This preface summarizes the areas discussed at the conference in a general manner, whereas the articles contained in this Annals provide more detailed accounts of some of these developments. Philip A. Sharp's keynote lecture on gene silencing and therapeutic potential of small RNAs was an adequate introduction to the conference. The main representatives for this gene-silencing activity are members of the small RNAs, including RNase H-dependent oligonucleotides, siRNAs, and miRNAs. Even though these small RNAs have been very successful, problems still remain. Besides certain side effects, the most prominent problem is delivery. Thus one section is dedicated entirely to this problem, even though it is discussed in many other lectures. Although some oligonucleotides can be applied in vivo (animal models and humans) without any carrier, most of them require some aid, which can be supplied in different forms. Complexation with a positively charged lipophilic particle (liposome/polyplexes) is one of the options. Alternatively, the hydrophobic moiety, or a peptide, can be conjugated to the oligonucleotide. A more ambitious endeavor is the cell-specific delivery of oligonucleotides. For this to be achieved, the oligonucleotide itself or the lipoplex containing the oligonucleotide must carry an entity that is recognized by the cell in question. Intriguing examples of this strategy are the association of the oligonucleotide with an antibody or with an aptamer. The article by Thomas and colleagues is a more detailed description of such cellspecific delivery by low-molecular-weight ligands conjugated to the siRNA. Aptamers in their own right can be used as drugs, as explained in the article by Richard Becker. This description points to an elegant strategy to control the effect of the aptamer by a competing oligonucleotide, an interesting example for the opportunities aptamers offer. While delivery of an oligonucleotide by itself is one approach, the alternative for oligoribonucleotides is to encode the sequence into the DNA of a vector, which, upon transcription in the nucleus, results in a preform of the oligonucleotide that can be processed into the mature siRNA. This strategy is convincingly documented in the articles by Ben Berkhout for gene therapy of HIV-AIDS and by Anton McCaffrey to inhibit hepatitis B virus. Moreover, the classical oligonucleotides stimulating the immune system are the oligodeoxynucleotides carrying the CpG sequence binding to the Toll-like receptor


Systematic investigations of the influence of an external magnetic field on the seam cross-section in CO2 laser beam welding of aluminium alloys will be presented in this paper. It will be shown that, in dependence of the orientation of the magnetic field, the shape of the cross-section is changed and an increase of the cross-sectional area of up to 50 % can be reached. In addition, the melt flow is stabilized in presence of the magnetic field, which results in less fluctuations of the cross-sectional area.Further systematic welding experiments with filler wire were performed within a magnetic field and, to intensify the magneto-fluid-dynamic forces, an external electric current was applied. During these experiments new effects were found, not noticed before. The most important one is the fact that melt can be pushed down or lifted up in dependence on the particular parameters.Whereas in magnetically supported welding with Nd:YAG lasers no significant effect could be observed in first experiments, it turned out that effects can be achieved similar to the results obtained with a CO2 laser when an external electric current is utilized. In order to visualize the weld-pool dynamics, thermo-graphic pictures and high-speed video observations were taken.Systematic investigations of the influence of an external magnetic field on the seam cross-section in CO2 laser beam welding of aluminium alloys will be presented in this paper. It will be shown that, in dependence of the orientation of the magnetic field, the shape of the cross-section is changed and an increase of the cross-sectional area of up to 50 % can be reached. In addition, the melt flow is stabilized in presence of the magnetic field, which results in less fluctuations of the cross-sectional area.Further systematic welding experiments with filler wire were performed within a magnetic field and, to intensify the magneto-fluid-dynamic forces, an external electric current was applied. During these experiments new effects were found, not noticed before. The most important one is the fact that melt can be pushed down or lifted up in dependence on the particular parameters.Whereas in magnetically supported welding with Nd:YAG lasers no significant effect could be observed in first experiments, it turn...


The primary purpose of the study was the determination of the spatial day-to-day variability of extreme air temperatures in Poland and the dependency of large temperature changes on atmospheric circulation in accordance with the Grosswetterlagen (GWL) classification. The goal was achieved based on data from 1966 to 2015, made available by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute. Day-to-day changes in maximum and minimum air temperatures were designated with a rate of ≥6 °C (large) and with a rate of ≥12 °C (very large) and their spatial distribution was presented. Finally, the analysis of the dependency of considerable temperature changes on atmospheric circulation in accordance with the Grosswetterlagen (GWL) classification was conducted. The obtained results showed that in Poland in the period 1966–2015 there was a statistically significant increase in the number of large changes in both Tmax and Tmin. The number of large changes in Tmax increases from north to south, and the number of large changes in Tmin from north to east and south of Poland indicate the range of the effect of marine and continental properties on the climate of Poland and the influence of local relief as well as the atmospheric circulation impact. Large changes in Tmax occur more frequently in spring and in Tmin in winter. Large changes in Tmax and Tmin are mainly recorded during cyclonic circulation, however, the anticyclonic circulation types favour especially large decreases in Tmin.


In the context of the European insolvency law, the paper attempts to explore the troubled relationship between the lex concursus, as determined by the Insolvency Regulation, providing for a moratorium preventing litigation against the debtor outside the framework of the insolvency proceedings on the one hand and the directly applicable jurisdictional provisions of the Brussels I Regulation on the other. A non-temporary moratorium provided by the lex concursus and given effect in other Member States by Article 7 of the Insolvency Regulation prohibiting any other courts but the insolvency forum to hear actions against the insolvent defendant amounts, in effect, to a de facto vis attractiva rule. In other words, such a moratorium, in effect, confers de facto exclusive jurisdiction on the insolvency forum because any other forum is supposed to be deprived of the power to hear the case. However, this de facto vis attractiva rule is in conflict with the rules on jurisdiction as determined directly by the Brussels I Regulation.


The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has introduced low-floor buses, which are convenient for passengers getting on and off the bus and for the handicapped. The standard bus model is 11 m long and uses compressed natural gas (CNG). However, this model has drawbacks in narrow rural road conditions such as those in farming and fishing villages and mountainous areas, as well as difficulty in refueling since CNG facilities are not readily available. In this study, running resistance values were obtained by coasting performance tests on actual roads using a Tata Daewoo LF-40 model with three different weight conditions: curb vehicle weight (CVW), half vehicle weight (HVW), and gross vehicle weight (GVW).The test methods include WHVC, NIER-06, and constant-speed driving at 60 km/h. These tests were used to measure the fuel economy of vehicles other than the target vehicles to obtain the combined fuel economy. The energy efficiency was highest in the case of CVW. In the WHVC mode, the fuel consumption rates of HVW and GVW were typically 3.5% and 12% higher than that of CVW, respectively. In constant-speed driving, the fuel efficiency of HVW was higher than that of CVW. Further research is required to analyze the exhaust gas data.


The need to determine the factors that positively or negatively affect the acquisition of swimming knowledge arose with the development of various swimming programs. The aim of this research was to determine the connection between the level of anxiety and success in the process of motor learning in swimming training program for non-swimmers. A sample of 77 children, aged (11.00±0.71), participated in a swimming training program for non-swimmers for 20 hours according to the standard method used in the Republic of Croatia. In the first and last lesson, the swimming knowledge was determined by means of a scale of eleven grades that describe the level of acquisition of swimming knowledge. Level of anxiety was assessed by modified CSAI-2CSWIM anxiety level questionnaire. Correlation analysis determined that the level of anxiety has a significant negative correlation with performance in all three observed domains, cognitive anxiety -0.273 and -2.46, somatic anxiety -0.384 and -0.337 and self-confidence -0.420 and -0.308 with results on the final test and with progress in swimming learning. The results of the conducted research showed that the level of anxiety has a significant influence on the children's swimming learning process.


Abstract : This Interim Technical Report presents the methodology employed to identify and assess the outcomes of recent Soviet and U.S. crises (1966-1978). Chapter 1 presents an overview of the DARPA Crisis Management Program into which this research effort fits and shows its relations with other crisis management projects being conducted by CACI for DARPA. Chapter 2 presents the goal-oriented methodology adopted for the assessment of crisis outcomes. Chapters 3 and 4 present and elaborate on the ensembles of goals identified and assessed for the United States and the Soviet Union. Chapter 5 outlines the remainder of the project, with emphasis on future analyses and the development of an Executive Aid to allow decision-makers to have ready access to the data developed in this research. Chapter 6 briefly introduces and outlines the U.S. and Soviet codebooks presented in the appendices. Appendices A and B provide a codebook for the assessment of U.S. and Soviet crisis outcomes.


This study aims at providing fundamental materials for effective physical education by :
1) identifying how much knowledge primary school teachers hae in order to offer physical educaion ; and 2) affording the teachers an apportunity and knowledge in terms of self- examination on physical educaion they are giving.
Questionnaires for this study were distributed to elementary school teachers working in the Chungcheongnamdo Provincem who was chosen by simple random sampling The questionnaire included 4 questions about background information of how professional knowledge regarking curriculum is formed and 30 questions about 4 indicidual sections of teaching knowledge.
The preprogrammed SPSS WIN 11.0 was used to process the collected data for frequencies and percentages in terms of every item and kimension Crosstatbs was employed to examine differences between groups concerning teaching kowledge and t-test and one-way analysis of cariace to examing differences of teaching kowledge based on gender and career Conclusion is as follows.
How professional knowldege regarding curriculum is formed
First, demonstrating the level of learned exercising skill was the most responded item in terms of the recognition which means comprehend the physical educaion. It differed significantly based on gender but not on career.
Second, understanding students body and psychological state was first ranked for the essential quality of a physical educator and an expert. It differed significantly base on gender, but not on career statistically.
Third, the reason for gining physical education was mostly for mental and psychological development and the same result was obtained from both men and women. It differed differed considerably based on genderm but not on career statistically.
Fourth what makes students think the physical educations is difficult was mainly the lack of teachers teaching skill and there was amililar tendency for both men and wome.
It differed considerably based on gender but not on career.
Teaching knowledge Analysis in dimentions of teaching objective, curriculum understanding students and teaching strategy
First , men were more knowledgeable than women about teaching objective ot the physical educaion wetp up in the 8th curriculum and it differed significantly based on both gender and career . I n essence men and teachers with much career had a higher level of knowldge on recognition reasibility and clearnessin terms of the teaching objective
Especially teachers with 10-15 years of career had a higher level of knowledge on the clearness of teaching objective .


Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that classically presents as a symmetrical inflammatory polyarthritis. Extra-articular manifestations are prevalent, with the lungs being the most common site [1], and interstitial lung disease (ILD) being the most severe form of pulmonary involvement. In some studies, the median survival of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is around 3 years (similar to that in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [2, 3]); however, in other studies, median survival is >7 years [4, 5]. When present, ILD accounts for 10–20% of all deaths in rheumatoid arthritis [6]. Age of ILD onset is similar in patients with RA-UIP and RA-NSIP but duration of RA before ILD onset differs https://bit.ly/3lgjfDJ


Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effects of applying green activity-based costing (GABC) on the Sustainability Development of companies.

Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework included highlight on environmental issues, and the role of Modern methods of Cost and managerial accounting in reducing the harmful effects of industrial waste.

Design/methodology/approach: there are variety of reasons to carry out the study; including regulatory compliance, sustainable consumption, public perception, potential competitive advantages, and the impact of Sustainability Development on economic performance, stakeholders are urging or requiring organizations to be more ecologically conscious with regard to their products and operations. In order to accomplish the study's goals, it was implemented at the Basra Oil Refinery and based on actual data from the study sample's activity. method was relied upon distribution of costs based on green activity, the identification of its effects on the facility's Sustainability Development, and the creation of a model for the use of GABC.

Findings: According to the results of the experimental study, the study's findings that GABC may be used to assign expenditures based on green activity and to show how it affects both economic and Sustainability Development.

Research, Practical & Social implications: Because all manufacturing and consumption activities have some sort of negative impact on the environment during the creation, use, and disposal phases of their respective value chains, environmental management issues have recently been linked to the economy.

Originality/value: The research value of our current study, by employ modern methods of commissioning accounting in Iraqi manufacturing companies.


A fiber optical sensor based on time-resolved, laser-induced fluorescence is presented for PAHs in water. Over a distance of 50 m, the time decays of different 3- to 6-ring PAHs were analyzed, and for 13 PAHs the detection limits are given. For deconvolution of multi- component mixtures, chemometrical methods were applied to complete time-resolved fluorescence emission spectra.


The performed research carries deep implications regarding forest engineering and it represents the basis of a modern silviculture, one that is intensive, multifunctional and of great economical and biological efficiency, given that the social and protection functions are highly amplified.
The extremely complex mechanisms that underlie forest bio-production and bio-protection cannot be grasped and studied in order to be used for amelioration anywhere but in slightly damaged ecosystems of natural forests.


This paper explores to what extent line length can be shortened in a mixed-model assembly line by installing a single pull-off table. The number of resultant model sequences to which the table can be altered from the original model sequence compared with the number using random access buffers such as an automated storage and retrieval system is discussed. The line length realised by installing a pull-off table is also discussed based upon possible altered model sequences in order to provide guidelines on where to install a pull-off table. In addition, a procedure for installing a pull-off table is presented with a numerical example.


The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of semiconductors, in particular to a manufacturing method for an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), and aims to solve the problems that the production cost of the IGBT is greatly increased, simultaneously the process difficulty is increased and the reliability is reduced because a large number of exposure mask plates are used in the prior art. The method of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps of: etching a Pbody area and injecting a Pbody knot in the Pbody area; generating a sacrificial oxide layer, and injecting an N+ knot into an N+ area; depositing and etching a boron phosphate silicate glass (BPSG) passivation layer; etching a P+ area and injecting a P+ knot into the P+ area; and etching a metal hole and depositing a surface metal. Because the number of the exposure mask plates is reduced, the production cost of the IGBT is reduced, simultaneously the manufacturing process difficulty is reduced and the manufacturing reliability is improved.


Dault's interpretation of Thib's work focuses on notions of fragmentation and the souvenir. Fleming's previously published text provides detailed descriptions of the artist's pieces incorporating gloves and handkerchiefs. Both authors suggest Thib's work places emphasis on the body as site of social inscription. Includes list of works. Biographical notes. 80 bibl. ref.


Soil cracks are an important physical property of expanded clay soils accompanied by distinctive morphological features such as Galgi and Silkensides as a result of the expansion and contraction processes by moistening and drying the soil which effect on water movement and its flow into the soil body, Three experiments were conducted to study the pattern of soil cracks formation and to show the extent of the effect of adding sand and sheep residues on the cracks forms. Some morphological characteristics resulted from the cracking process such as Number of separate pieces, Cracks length, Cracks width, Thickness of hard part, Area of cracked pieces and Crack pattern were calculated in this study. The morphological description of the cracks showed a clear difference in their forms and the width of the cracks in proportion to the depth of the cracks with their width. The results showed a decrease in the width and length of the cracks with an increase in the addition of sand and sheep residues. Significant differences appeared in values of Crack Intensity Factor (CIF) when adding sheep residues by 6% compared with 6% sand and control treatment. The value of CIF was (2.25%, 2.60% and 3.78%) for sheep residues, sand and control respectively, thus it affected the behavior and pattern of soil cracks.


We have arrived at tight constraints on the photon charge, giving comparable bounds, one based on the dominance by dark energy at the present epoch, and the other based on the requirement that early universe nucleosynthesis not be affected by any residual electrostatic energy due to any miniscule charge on the radiation photons in that era. Limits have also been arrived at from synchrotron and IC effects. We have also set limits on the charge based on the properties of black holes. The set of constraints arrived at in this paper are consistent with those predicted by other authors.


The melt index (MI) is an important quality specification in polypropylene (PP) production industries. Accurate online measurement of MI becomes vital in PP quality control. A new MI inferential model is proposed by using macro heat of reaction (MHR) as a key factor in MI correlation. MHR is calculated from a dynamic propylene polymerization model. The proposed MI model is validated by plant data and the prediction error is less than 5%. Simulations are performed by three different MI inferential models. The results show that the proposed model has least errors in various operation conditions. The MI model could be used as online soft sensor model or MI control


The realization of fare judicature in the West has experienced the process from informed truths to discovering ones,whose purpose is from the unity,division of fair substance to emphasizing the both the impartial procedure,whose pattern developed from the independent doctrine of state powers and the litigant to mutual permeation since World War II.People's persistent pursuit of fairness is the internal force to realize the fairness of Western judicature while the increasing quality of the judicial staff is its essential guarantee.


Abstract Rates of overweight children and adolescents have nearly tripled over the past 30 years. Many barriers exist to healthy eating and physical activity for children and adolescents, including factors in the school and community environment. It is these modifiable school environmental factors that led to the development of the Nutrition Friendly Schools and Communities (NFSC) model to prevent the development of overweight in children and adolescents. Development of the NFSC model built upon the Coordinated School Health Program, the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative, Participatory Research, and Empowerment Evaluation. The purpose of the NFSC environmental intervention is to actively engage the school community to prevent overweight in students through a multi-level participative intervention that facilitates coordinated changes in the school environment in the following areas: health education, physical education, health services, food services, school policy, staff wellness, psychosocial services, and family/community involvement. The NFSC model is the basis by which school communities develop a plan and evaluation that lead to a healthy school environment and prevent the development of overweight in children. A pilot study of the NFSC model is currently being conducted in eight low—income, minority, urban schools. This paper describes the development of the NFSC model and criteria.


ABSTRACT Previous studies showed that manipulating the speech production system influenced speech perception. This influence was mediated by task difficulty, listening conditions, and attention. In the present study we investigated the specificity of a somatosensory manipulation – a spoon over the tongue – in passive listening. We measured the mismatch negativity (MMN) while participants listened to vowels that differ in their articulation – the tongue height – and familiarity – native and unknown vowels. The same participants heard the vowels in a spoon and no-spoon block. The order of the blocks was counterbalanced across participants. Results showed no effect of the spoon. Instead, starting with the spoon enhanced the MMN amplitude. A second experiment showed the same MMN enhancement for starting with a somatosensory manipulation applied to a non-articulator – the hand. This result suggests that starting a study with a somatosensory manipulation raises attention to the task.


To the Editor :— Your article, "The Responsibilities of Authorship"1 is a laudable effort to maintain the journal's high standards. I would like to join the debate by questioning the assertion that "duplicative, or redundant, publication is both wasteful and misleading" and the journal's policy prohibiting prior publication.

I submit that, in the electronic age, it is time we re-examine some basic assumptions about career advancement through publication of journal articles; the economics of peer-reviewed publications; and the ethics of withholding or delaying the dissemination of information in favor of economic considerations or considerations of personal prestige.

This issue of the journal reports on "Guidelines for the clinical use of electronic mail with patients" …


For computing sampling variances of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) Household Component estimates, the Taylor linearization method is generally used. The MEPS public use files include variance strata and cluster identifiers to facilitate variance computation using this method. Also a file containing a BRR replication structure (in the form of a set of half sample indicators) is also made available so that the users can form BRR replicate weights from the final MEPS weight to compute variances of MEPS estimates using either BRR or Fay's modified BRR (Fay 1989) methods. These replicate weights are useful to compute variances of complex non-linear estimators for which a Taylor linear form is not easy to derive and not available in commonly used software. However, the BRR replicates derived from the final weight represent a shortcut approach because the replicates are not produced starting with the base weight and all adjustments made in different stages of weighting are not applied independently in each replicate. So the variances computed using the one-step BRR do not capture the effects of all weighting adjustments. The Taylor approach, as implemented in most software, also does not fully capture the effects of different weighting adjustments. Of particular interest here is the effect of adjustments using external control totals which are expected to reduce the variance. To assess the effects of these adjustments on the variances of MEPS estimates, a set of proper Fay's BRR replicates were formed starting with the base weights and independently applying all weighting adjustments to each of these replicates. Variances of selected MEPS estimates were then computed from these properly created replicate weights and compared with those of the linearization method. This report presents the results of this comparison which shows that variance estimates are generally lower under the BRR method indicating that the net impact of various weighting adjustments on variance is generally downward. In most cases, relative standard errors based on BRR are at least 5-10% lower than that of Taylor approach. That means the variance estimates produced by the current recommended method are conservative and can be considered as compensating for the imputation variance and the variability in the control totals, which are unaccounted for under both methods of variance estimation. Sadeq Chowdhury Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 540 Gaither Road Rockville, MD 20850 Phone: (301)427-1666 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Summary 1. Single-cell algae (the so-called symbiotic zooxanthellae) living inter-stitially in a marine jellyfish and a sea anemone were isolated from the host tissue and cultured in vitro. 2. In culture the zooxanthellae gave rise to motile forms whose morphology clearly marked them as dinoflagel-lates. 3. Isolation procedures and some nutrient requirements for the in vitro culture of such zooxanthellae are described, as well as methods used for serial passage.


The wall coercivity caused by the magnetic nonuniformity has been studied numerically. The Landau‐Lifshits‐Gilbert (LLG) equation is integrated by an explicit scheme of the modified Dufort‐Frankel method. The computation was carried out for a two‐dimensional grid system representing the magnetization direction in a magnetic film plane. Typical magnetic parameters for magneto‐optic recording media were assumed. Spatial variations of uniaxial anisotropy were treated as the magnetic nonuniformity. The validity of our numerical approach was demonstrated with preliminary one‐dimensional computations, compared to analytical solutions. A wall coercive field of 2.5 kOe was observed for the wall coupling with a pinning site (30‐A width and 360‐A spacing along the wall) of 10 times larger anisotropy compared to the ordinary region. A two‐dimensional anisotropy variation (K=106–107 erg/cm3) with a wavelength larger than 60 A also caused a wall coercivity on the order of 1 kOe, compared to those in magneto‐optic recording media. It was also found that a fine pinning site on the order of 100 A caused a notable coercivity for the bubble domain wall surrounding it.


This paper expounds the present situation and features of the reading in new medium times,points out some problems existing in the reading in new medium times,and forecasts the development trends of the reading in new medium times.


The Bachelor work is about effective pedagogical influence of patient. The medical personnel must know principle of communication, must be emphatic and know how to create positive relationship.


'She's as sweet a temper, John, as ever stirred a lump of sugar in her tea,' said Mrs Moulder to her brother, as they sat together over the fire in Great St Helen's on that same evening, — after his return from Hamworth. 'That she is, — and...


Cholangiocarcinoma is the most common malignant bile duct and the second most common primary malignant tumor in the liver. It can be classified as intrahepatic (peripheral) or extrahepatic. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma originate most often from the main hepatic duct and confluence (referred to as Klatskin tumor). The patients usually present with jaundice because of biliary obstruction. Prognosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is poor, because most tumors are not resectable at the time of diagnosis. Surgical exploration should only be undertaken when there is potential for curative resection shown by imaging.ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography) demonstration of Klatskin tumors is often incomplete due to incomplete ductal filling. MR imaging and helical CT are the methods of choice in the diagnosis and staging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. MR cholangiography, in conjunction with MR imaging and MRA, provides information on tumor size, bile duct involvement, and vascular compromise, and thus resectability of the tumor. Multi-phasic contrast-enhanced thin-section helical CT may show Klatskin tumors with a sensitivity of up to 100%. Tumors are better seen on arterial-dominant phase than on portal venous phase scans (sensitivity, 100% vs. 86%). However, single-slice CT is not accurate for assessing resectability (accuracy, 60%), because proximal tumor extent is largely underestimated. Preliminary experience with multi-slice CT indicates that the extent of bile duct involvement may be better displayed due to multi-planar imaging capabilities. Curved planar reconstruction of multi-slice CT data sets along the portal vein and the bile ducts reveals tumor involvement.Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma have a non-specific imaging appearance. Because of abundant fibrous stroma, they exhibit little contrast enhancement during CT or MR imaging scanning in the early phase with delayed accumulation of contrast material. Although not pathognomonic, the presence of bile duct dilatation within the tumor and retraction of the liver capsule adjacent to the tumor are suggestive of the diagnosis.In conclusion, the role of contrast-enhanced MR imaging with MR cholangiography and multi-slice CT in the detection and preoperative staging of cholangiocarcinoma is emphasised.


The safe-operating-area (SOA) of automotive DMOS transistors, which are operated repeatedly under high power pulses (power cycling), is lower than the classical single-pulse SOA and it is dependent on the geometry of the transistor. In this paper, we present a test system for reliability characterization of power devices, of various geometries, which operate under power cycling conditions.


The aim of this research to investigate the clinical signs of Newcastle disease (ND) in infected broiler farms in Southwest of Iran and to determine serological status of this flocks compare with healthy flocks. Also the mortality rate was compared in this flock. Serum samples from 9 broiler flocks were collected and examined with Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. Our results showed that, mean of antibody titers in infected flocks was 2.02±0.16 and in healthy flocks was 5.34±0.21.The data was demonstrated that there were significant differences between groups. The mortality rate in infected flocks was 31.35±2.21and in healthy flocks was 10.62±1.15 percent (p<0.05). Because of economical losses that caused by growth decrease in ND disease, it is necessary to applying exact and timely vaccination programs in broiler flocks and observe of squeamishly biosecurity to decrease


A number of qualitative studies have found that failure to accomplish missions can be attributed to competing accountability requirements. This article presents empirical evidence concerning the impact of competing accountability requirements on employees' perceived work performance. Specifically, this article has two objectives: (a) to identify different types of accountability requirements with quantitative data and (b) to determine to what extent the competing pressures of accountability affect individual employees' perceived work performance. The authors find that accountability is indeed a complex and multidimensional construct— compliance, professional, and political accountability—that imposes competing pressures on employees' perceptions of their work performance, which can reduce the probability of actual mission accomplishment in an agency.


Cardiomyopathy is one of the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes, but it is unknown what the mechanisms of direct injury to the myocardium are that occur in additi...


Politics should be about the function of rehabilitation and not about the protagonism and exploitation of this pandemic of populism.The challenges are great and we need to learn from the experiences of different countries. The economy and the economic development must be a priority and only in this way can the negative effects be minimized.The political agenda in no way interferes with the steps needed to be taken during the pandemic, in an economic sense. This shows that the current governments did not take enough responsibility for economic health, even though more effective steps should have been taken.We live in a time of great political, national, economic, cultural, and other processes with different perspectives on resolving issues that are crucial for the future of humanity, primarily from a political, economic, and social aspect.Among the dependence of internal and external contradictions, especially the appearances of internal and external systemic factors that will lead to the isolation of some conflicts, indicate that the modern world is in social, political, and security instability.


A method for determining chlorogenic acid in Apocynum venetum L.by RP-HPLC was described.The determination was carried out on a ODS Hypersil(5 μm,125×4 mm)column at room temperature.2% CH_3COOH:MeOH was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min and detection wavelength was set at 328 nm.The calibration curve showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.0456~0.4104 μg for chlorogenic acid.The corresponding regression equation was y=11071.10x-27.06,r=0.9999.The recovery of chlorogenic acid was 98.54%.The results show this method is simple,specific and accurate.


Molybdenum (42Mo96) is an essential trace element in the human body, animals and plants. The known molybdenum containing enzymes exceed the number of 50. High valent molybdenum centers are characteristic of oxomolybdenum enzymes. Although it can form complexes with numerous physiologically important compounds, it was supposed that this trace element is absorbed, transported and excreted in a simple molybdate form. Due to its role in the processes of nitrogen fixation and nitrate reduction, molybdenum is essential for normal growth and development of plants and sometimes it is necessary to enrich the substrate with some molybdenum compounds. It has been also reported that molybdenum significantly affects protein synthesis, as well as metabolism of phosphorus, sulphur, potassium, copper, zinc, and iodine, and addition of this trace elements into the fodder stimulated the growth of several domestic animal species.