Abstract Background Recurrent otitis media is one of the common infections of childhood. The causative bacterial pathogen is one of the major risk factors of recurrent infection. With limited availability of Indian data, we performed this study to identify the bacterial pathogens. Materials and Methods Otitis media cases were diagnosed based on clinical criteria. Thirty-six middle ear fluid (MEF) samples were collected by tympanocentesis and cultured for pathogens. Seventy-eight per cent of the cases had three previous episodes of otitis media in the past 6 months; the remaining 22% had four episodes in the preceding 6 months. At the time of sample collection, all patients were on antibiotic coverage. Genomic DNA was extracted from MEF samples using Qiagen DNA mini Kit. The 16s rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative multiplex (qmPCR) for Streptococcus pneumoniae was performed on these samples. Streptococcus pneumoniae–positive samples were serotyped using PCRSeqTyping. Results None of the 36 samples showed growth by conventional culture. The 16s rDNA PCR identified bacterial pathogens in 33 samples. Four samples gave mixed reads. The organisms identified were Neisseria spp. other than Neisseria meningitidis (n = 7), N. meningitidis (n = 8), Lactococcus spp. (n = 5), S. pneumoniae (n = 2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 1), Salmonella infantis (n = 1), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 1), Staphylococcus auricularis (n = 1), and Streptococcus sp. (n = 1). The qmPCR detected the presence of S. pneumoniae in six samples. PCRSeqTyping was able to identify Serotype 19A in two samples positive for S. pneumoniae. Conclusion The study demonstrates the usefulness of 16s rDNA PCR protocol to identify the bacterial pathogens in MEF by a culture-independent method. Neisseria spp. were the predominant species identified followed by Lactococcus spp. and S. pneumoniae. Detection of pneumococci by 16s rDNA PCR correlated well with qmPCR-based detection and PCRSeqTyping.


This paper examines modelling of the dynamics of a plate by plate type dynamics vibration absorber subjected to a localized periodic impulsive excitation. An analytical solution of the modal equation is proposed and validated using direct numerical simulation of the basic equations. The basics equations are solve numerically using fourth order Runge Kutta algorithm. Various types of dynamic absorbing plate are tested to optimize the control efficiency. Particular attentions have been paid on the effects of localization of external forces on the dynamics response of the system under control. Ours findings demonstrate that a good achievement of control strategy should follow the above mentioned analysis.


In this work, we report synthesis of surface modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) by co-precipitation method using FeSO4.7H2O and Fe2(SO4)3.5H2O as precursors and trisodium citrate dihydrate as surfactant. Surface modification of the as prepared samples was performed in pot by sol-gel precipitation method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. The results revealed formation of iron oxide nanoparticles, with an average size parameter of 8.5 nm for naked and 37nm for silica coated particles, with a superparamagnetic behavior and fast response to applied magnetic fields with zero remanence and coercivity.


˚ ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the dental caries experience and its associated factors in homeless persons. A non-probabilistic sample of 176 participants (mean age 37.8 years) was included in this cross-sectional study. Interviews and clinical examinations were performed. Dental caries experience was recorded based on the decayed, missing and filled teeth-index (DMFT). The dental caries experience was observed among 98.9 % of participants (mean DMFT 11.0 – 6.95). Individuals in the (cid:210)Over 44 years(cid:211) age groups (PR = 1.4; 95 % CI = 1.1-1.6) and (cid:210)30 to 36 years(cid:211) (PR = 1.2; 95 % CI = 1.0 -1.4) had significantly higher caries experience. Individuals who do not brush or brush only 1x/day have 40 % and 20 % higher caries experience, respectively. Homeless persons had a high experience of dental caries, with significant tooth loss. Individuals in the advanced age groups, lack of income and non-achievement or low frequency of tooth brushing are factors associated with a greater experience of the disease in these individuals.


A new control method for step-down RSCCs is proposed to achieve full-range regulation for all loads. The proposed regulation method is applicable to RSCCs with different inductor locations. In addition to full-range voltage regulation, the operation principle and performance of two basic RSCCs are compared. The indirect RSCC features the advantage of ZVS turn-on for switches, even switch voltage stress and even diode voltage stress, while the direct RSCC provides ZCS turn-on for switches. Experimental results are presented to support the proposed full-range regulation method.


Abstract : This report describe the structural analysis of multi-year sea ice samples that were tested in the second phase of a program designed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice from the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Each test specimen is classified into one of three major ice texture categories: granular, columnar, or a mixture of columnar and granular ice. The crystallographic orientation, percent columnar ice, and grain size are then evaluated for the granular and/or columnar ice in the sample. Test results are interpreted with respect to these parameters. The overall composition of multi-year ridges is considered, based on the extensive field sampling that was done in the program. The effect of sample orientation on the results is also discussed. Keywords: Ice; Ice properties; Ice structure; Mechanical properties; Sea ice.


This study focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the investment performance and systematic risk of ETFs. As a result of the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, the impact in China was much greater than that in Taiwan. Therefore, by two ETFs investing higher weighted stocks in the Shanghai and Taiwan markets, the ETFs are used to explore the COVID-19 pandemic effect on the two stock markets. Jensen's alpha and the modified model by Jensen (1968) are coupled with GARCH(1,1) to modify and test ETF's performance and systematic risk. The empirical results show that ETF50 performance may be overestimated by using Jensen's alpha. According to the results of modified Jensen's alpha, there is no evidence that abnormal returns are significantly nonzero in both ETFs and that alpha values have not been changed by the COVID-19 event. After the COVID-19 pandemic began, the SSE50 ETF's systematic risk significantly increased, and the asset size of funds significantly decreased. Therefore, the results supported the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the SSE50 ETF. There is evidence that the SSE50 ETF affects COVID-19 events, and this result echoes the more severe areas of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.


A descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was performed in 78 patients in the intensive care unit of the General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto" Guantanamo to specify the type of brain hemorrhage, age, sex, scale score of Glasgow; stay, status at discharge, direct cause of death, cause of limitation for invasive mechanical artificial ventilation, duration of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease at the start of mechanical invasive artificial ventilation; cooling time; complications of ventilation. 96.1% of patients with cerebrovascular disease is treated with artificial invasive mechanical ventilation. These are characterized by: having an intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage, be over 60, women score lower than 8Glasgow, vented about 7 hours after the onset of symptoms. The ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most common complication. The fatality rate is 88.9%. The highest percentage die from multiple organ failure. The proportion of patients with disease cerebrovascular tratados artificial invasive mechanical ventilation is high, and in them is high lethality.


Cech closure spaces can be considered as generalization of topological spaces. The set of all ˇ Cech closure operators on a set X is a complete lattice which we denoted as LC(X). In this paper, we discuss some basic properties of ˇ Cech closure operators and characterize the group of automorphisms of the lattice LC(X) when X is finite. Mathematics Subject Classification: 54A05


Abstract Since Botswana is part of drought prone region of Southern Africa due to its semi-arid climate, conservation and careful management of the water resources is a matter of necessity and great importance. Hence, the focus on water resources management and, in particular, integrated management has become critical over the past decade. This paper addresses the problem of water resources development with a particular reference to Botswana, which is a semi-desert region. The vagaries of climate, unpredictable, patchy rainfall, and even more erratic run-off events all make hydrological modeling difficult. High rates of evaporation and evapotranspiration losses present an additional challenge to water resources planners. Lack of good dam sites is another problem in Botswana's ancient, flat, and eroded landscape. This paper describes the present and future water demands of this country and a suggestion is made to improve the situation of water shortage. The Botswana National Master Plan has been developed to meet the challenge. The aim is to integrate the expanding water supply system of eastern Botswana, through a north-south carrier pipeline. A brief presentation and discussion of this system is given along with other challenges faced by the water resources planners, such as conjunctive use of the groundwater and surface water resources


Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. 239 pp., notes, bibliography, index. $20.95. Published in the SUNY Series in Israeli Studies, edited by Russell Stone, this book examines how the Israeli government approached the question of the status of Islamic institutions in Israel following the creation of the state in 1948, especially down to the 1967 War. The debates mentioned in the title thereby refer to those within official circles, not within Israeli society. Dr. Peled focuses on the nature and origin of conflicting arguments within the Israeli establishment as to what policy should be followed toward Israel's Arab Muslim citizens. As she shows, Arab Muslims were treated quite differently from Arab Christians, whose welfare was brought under the aegis of the Foreign Ministry for the sake of propaganda overtures to the Christian West. In contrast, Arab Muslim affairs remained closely controlled because Israel feared the linking of Israeli Muslim concerns with strands of Arab nationalism in the broader Arab world, in short to restrict contact, not advertise it as in the case of the Christians. Various ministries [Education, Minority Affairs, Religious Affairs] vied for influence or outright authority, but the issue was deemed sufficiently serious for the matter to be placed in the prime minister's office during Ben Gurion's tenure, in the hands of the Adviser to the Prime Minister on Arab [not "Muslim"] Affairs. He could either approve or deny ministerial overtures whose motives varied, often resulting in more than one ministry's having input. This meant a more fragmented approach to various issues, but Peled notes that among such motives was a desire to have access to Muslim waqf [religious foundation] funds, which were extensive and which were supposed to be used solely for Muslim matters; some Israeli officials used these funds for their own interests. Disputes over how to take advantage of the remaining Muslim religious establishment ultimately led to a decline in local Muslim leadership, education, and religious representation to the state. Although this situation was remedied to some extent by the absorption of mature Islamic institutions and well-trained educators and theologians after the conquest of the West Bank and Gaza following the 1967 War, governmental suspicion of too much independence by these Muslim officials, resulting in excessive oversight, ultimately discredited many of them in the eyes of the Israeli Muslim population. This situation inspired the emergence of a grass-roots Islamic movement seeking control of Arab Muslim affairs that was far more assertive than the past leadership, a situation presumably exacerbated by Israel's use of live ammunition and snipers against unarmed Israeli Arab demonstrators in October 2000 following Ariel Sharon's September 28 visit to the Temple Mount. Given the parameters of her research, Dr. Peled has done an excellent job of delineating the various aspects of the questions she has posed. As she acknowledges, this is a study "from above." Based on research in Israeli state and the Ben Gurion archives as well as the Arabic and Israeli press, it is an examination of elite decision-making for the most part. …


Pore water plays an important part in the shear strength of the soils. A series of shear tests involved remolded loess which mixed with different chemical solutions were performed to investigate the effects of the pH values of the solution on the shear strength of the Loess. The results show that the pore water's pH value has strong effects on the cohesive force of the loess, even on the grain size, while it has non-remarkable affection on the internal friction angle. When the loess is soaked in strong acid solutions, the cohesive force of the loess will increase following the equilibrium time, while when the loess soaked in alkaline solutions, the cohesive force of the remolded soils will decrease.


Transparent textile electrodes were prepared by inkjet printing Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly (styrene sulfonate) (PSS) (PEDOT:PSS) conducting polymer onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mesh fabrics. Flexible alternating current powder electroluminescence (ACPEL) devices were fabricated using such textile electrodes as the front electrodes. Transparency and sheet resistance of the textile electrodes were determined by the number of layers of printed conductive polymer. Luminescence performance of textile-based ACPEL devices was studied and compared with an ACPEL device of the same configuration but using rigid ITO glass as the front electrode. Being highly flexible and porous, textiles may become a convenient alternative to plastic films as the substrates for fabrication of flexible electroluminescent devices such as flat panel displays and solar cells.)


Intrusion detection is a mechanism used to protect a system and analyse and predict the behaviours of system users. An ideal intrusion detection system is hard to achieve due to nonlinearity, and irrelevant or redundant features. This study introduces a new anomaly-based intrusion detection model. The suggested model is based on particle swarm optimisation and nonlinear, multi-class and multi-kernel support vector machines. Particle swarm optimisation is used for feature selection by applying a new formula to update the position and the velocity of a particle; the support vector machine is used as a classifier. The proposed model is tested and compared with the other methods using the KDD CUP 1999 dataset. The results indicate that this new method achieves better accuracy rates than previous methods. Keywords—Feature selection, Intrusion detection, Support vector machine, Particle swarm.


The new food packaging techniques were introduced. The current state of food packaging was analyzed. The developing trend of food packaging technique was discussed.


The use of manures and rotation with legumes in organic farming systems does not always guarantee the adequate nutrient supply to crops. We studied post-harvest N availability in a series of Mediterranean semi-arid rain-fed and irrigated organic fields after 18 years of conversion and compared these with conventional fields nearby. In organic irrigated soils the use of legumes and the application of moderate amounts of manures resulted in higher amounts of soil organic C and potentially mineralisable N. In contrast, in organic rain-fed soils that did not incorporate legumes in their rotation and used low amounts of manures, soil organic C and potential mineralisable N were lower. In organic irrigated soils changes in organic matter quality resulted in a lower potential net N mineralisation per unit of SOC than in conventional irrigated soils.


There are various clasps which are used for providing retention to the removable appliances. In cases of additional retention secondary clasps are incorporated in the design.  In this article an IDS ball end clasp has been suggested which is very simple to fabricate and repair.


Ralph Waldo Emerson protested what came to be known as the Trail of Tears in a public letter to President Martin Van Buren in 1838. Th e Cherokee Nation, he argued, had been cheated by a "sham treaty" (Emerson, "Letter" 50), the will of the people ignored, and a false acquiescence to removal written into law. In making a passionate appeal to the highest "chair" of the land, Emerson underscored the great political and moral stakes involved:


The autonomous English learning ability has a direct impact on the learning efficiency of college students.In order to have a command of the autonomous learning ability of non-English majors,a questionnaire has been conducted and the result has been statistically analyzed.Statistical results show that college students are averagely low in the autonomous English learning ability.Some suggestions concerning the problems of students' autonomous learning ability have been put forward.


Influences of ions and drugs on the action of prostaglandins F20 and E1 (PGF20 and E, ) in the oviducts of pregnant guinea pigs were studied. The electrical activity of the oviduct on the near term animal has a Ca-dependent plateau phase that was not observed in nonpregnant animals. PGF20 prolonged and PGE1 reduced the plateau phase. The effects of PGF20 or PGE1 were not observed in the presence of verapamil, Mn (2 mM), Ba (2.2 mM), or in Ca-free solution. The plateau phase formed when Sr(cid:1) was substituted for Ca+l(cid:1) was prolonged with PGF20 and decreased with PGE1. Autonomic nervous blocking agents did not inhibit the action of PGs. Theophylline potentiated reduction of the plateau phase by PGE1. Low concentrations of dibutyryl cAMP increased the duration of the plateau phase and high concentrations caused decrease of the duration. It is argued from these results that PGF20 increased the plateau phase by enhancement of Ca-influx and PGE, diminished the plateau phase by inhibition of Ca-influx which may be mediated by elevated levels of cAMP.


Method for determining the internal noise of a digital circuit (2) which is excited by a sequence of bits digitally modulated input signal (1) with adjustable level by overlaying the input signal (1) with an adjustable predetermined external co-channel interference signal (3) is, and the internal noise is determined by varying each of the sizes of the input signal level or level of the external noise signal by measuring the bit error rate (BER).


It has been five years since a Vision Paper at the Requirements Engineering Conference in 2002 laid out an initial vision for As-pect-Oriented Requirements Engineering (AORE). This vision included objectives such as offering better means to identify and manage conflicts arising due to tangled representations and identifying the mapping and influence of crosscutting requirements on architecture, design and implementation artefacts. Since then a number of AORE techniques have been proposed in literature. In this paper, we review these techniques and discuss whether and how effectively the original AORE vision from RE 2002 has been realised so far. We also discuss how the original vision needs to be extended given our improved understanding of AORE challenges and present a roadmap for the next five years as a chal-lenge to both existing AORE researchers and those planning to pursue work in this area.


We compared the effect of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), one of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) products of arachidonic acid, with that of leukotriene B5 (LTB5), one of 5-LO products of eicosapentaenoic acid, on interleukin 1 (IL-1) production and calcium mobilizing activity in human blood monocytes. LTB4 was significantly more active than LTB5 in the enhancement of IL-1 production and calcium mobilization in human monocytes. IL-1 production in monccytes was reported to be dependent on cytosolic free calcium. These results, therefore, may indicate that the different activity between LTB4 and LTB5 in the enhancement of IL-1 production could be partly ascribed to the different potency in inducing calcium mobilization between LTB4 and LTB5 in human blood monocytes. Although effective concentrations of LTB on IL-1 production with LPS co-stimulation was shifted to the left as compared to those without LPS, effective concentrations of LTB in inducing calcium mobilization was nearly in the same range regardless of the presence or absence of LPS. Further, LPS itself could not induce a detectable calcium mobilization in fura-2-loaded monocytes. Therefore, LPS may enhance IL-1 production in human monocytes through a mechanism different from that of LTB.


Using some previous results on hypergroupoids associated to binary relations, we will point out some isomorphisms between categories of relational structures with one binary relation and categories of hypergroupoids (or semihypergroups, or hypergroups). This will lead us to some interesting results on direct limits of hypergroupoids (or semihypergroups, or hypergroups) associated to binary relation.


In statistics, data are not regarded as just numbers, but realizations of random elements. Suppose we have data y∼P . Then data analysis is essentially the process of uncovering the data generating...


A quantum well intermixing(QWI) investigation on double quantum well(DQW) structure with two different emitting wavelength caused by phosphorus ion implantation and following rapid thermal annealing (RTA) was carried out by means of photoluminescence(PL). The ion implantation was performed at the energy of 120 kev with the dose ranging from 1 × 1011 cm-2 to 1× 1014 cm-2. The RTA was performed at the temperature of 700 ℃ for 30 s under pure nitrogen protection. The PL measurement implied that the band gap blue-shift from the upper well increases with the ion dose faster than that from lower well and the PL peaks from both QWs remained well separated under the lower dose implantation(~1×1011 cm-2 ) indicating that the implant vacancy distribution affects the QWI. When the ion dose is over ~ 1 × 1012 cm-2 , the band gap blue-shift from both wells increases with the ion dose and finally the two peaks merge together as one peak indicating the ion implantation caused a total intermixing of both quantum wells.


We tagged two juvenile short-toed eagles in southern Italian peninsula with GPS satellite transmitters. According to previous visual observations, two different migratory routes for Italian short-toed eagles to reach Africa in autumn have been proposed: via Sicily and via Gibraltar. These routes include different over-water distances to cross the Mediterranean Sea, and thus different proportions of flight modes (soaringgliding vs flappinggliding) with resulting different transport costs. Considering different scenarios of energy cost of transport, with flapping-gliding flight over water being more costly than flying over land using soaringgliding flight, we predicted a maximum optimal detour of 1218 km. Both individuals reached Africa using the longest, detoured, route, avoiding the longest water crossing. To achieve this they began migrating northwards, keeping for ca 700 km a direction opposite to that followed by any other migrating bird from the Northern hemisphere in autumn. The comparison of optimal detour predictions with observed migratory tracks suggests that this migratory strategy prioritizes not only energy minimization, but also safety, given the mortality risk associated with the sea crossing. Finally, it is unlike that these inexperienced individuals followed such a complex route relying only on endogenous information and we therefore suggest, also on the basis of field observations, that social interactions (adult guidance) allow these individuals to learn the detoured route.


We discuss the design of magnets inside closed, cylindrical, superconducting shields. We give the Green function for the magnetic vector potential for cylindrically symmetric currents inside such a shield. The magnetic field everywhere inside the shield can be obtained from this function, which includes the effects of the induced shield currents exactly. We give the field for a thin solenoid as an example and discuss the convergence of the series solution for this case. The shield can significantly reduce the strength and improve the homogeneity of a magnet. The improvement in homogeneity is of particular importance in the design of correction coils. These effects, and the maximum field on the shield, are examined for a typical solenoid. The results given are also useful, although not exact, for long shields with one or two open ends.


Abstract Numerical simulations have been carried out for a 32.16-ft-diameter rotor in autorotational forward flight. Coupled flapping and rotational equations were solved using the transient simulation method (TSM) to ascertain the quasistatic torque equilibrium conditions. The Pitt/Peters inflow theory was adopted in the simulations, and an airfoil look-up table made by a compressible Navier-Stokes solver was used. The adverse cyclic and collective pitch inputs were introduced in a similar fashion to helicopter control in that the cyclic lever is pulled back and the collective lever is pushed down for increasing airspeeds. The simulation results showed that the longitudinal cyclic pitch input combined with a lowered collective pitch increases the rotating torque for a low shaft angle and an advance ratio greater than one, producing both high lift and a high lift-to-drag ratio. Upon introducing the adverse cyclic and collective pitch inputs, the control range broadened, and a torque equilibrium condition was detected at 414.7kt (700ft/s) of airspeed in the simulation.


Pain and psychological disorders with associated disability still remains a major issue in management of chronic pain. The subjective nature and reliance on self-report makes pain the most challenging of all symptoms to treat. Mental and physical functions are not separate from each other, they are interrelated - the 'mind-body' concept. Pain causes significant suffering and distress, is feared by patients, is often poorly understood, and hence poorly managed by clinicians. Philosophy of mind deals with mentality and its properties and understanding this is important not only for the pain relievers but for all those interested in understanding pain. This article is a brief review on what we know regarding these so far, the social and psychological implications and their impact on adult pain management.


The basic purpose of sentiment analysis is to determine how someone feels when they comment or express their feelings or emotions. Positive, neutral, and negative emotions are the three categories into which emotions are divided. Everyone will use and apply this analysis on social media; online; everyone expresses their opinions by clicking on the like, remark, or share buttons. Using the Random Forest, SVM, and Nave Bayes algorithms, the Twitter tweets in this study were identified as positive or negative, with F1-Scores of 0.224, 0.410, and 0.702, respectively, and accuracy values of 50%, 52%, and 73%.


This study provides empirical evidence that trade increases on-the-job human capital accumulation by estimating the effect of home country openness on estimated returns to home country experience of U.S. immigrants. The positive effect of trade on on-the-job human capital accumulation remains significant when controlling for GDP, educational attainment, and institutional quality. It is not the result of self-selection, heterogeneity in returns to experience, English-speaking origin, or cultural background. The effect persists when restricting the sample to non-OECD countries, thereby resolving the theoretical ambiguity of whether trade increases or decreases learning-by-doing. The role of trade in generating economic growth is therefore likely to be more important than generally considered.


This paper studies the experiences encountered by three Southeast Asian nations in the face of globalisation in which nationalism is often seen as something negative and regressive. The paper analyses how these three nations strengthen the position of national literature in the face of globalisation. It also compares how minority voices attract international attention and expose themselves to two risks. One of the risks is being dominant over national literature which will likely create tension within the nation. The second risk is that of being marginalised and losing their iterary importance in their own land. The objective of this research is to examine the validity of the argument that the "privileged voice" (often protected by national policy on language) is always the "special" one and be given its due at the national level.


Inadequate sufficient bridge surface drainage decreases the traffic capacity and affects driving safety. When the sheet flow on pavement due to precipitation is in sufficient depth, the tire may separate from the surface. To reduce the risk of motorist hydroplaning, the drainage system with gutters should be designed to avoid the accumulation of water. This paper discusses the calculation of drainage of constant grade and plate bridges.


Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare benign expansive cystic lesion characterized by blood-filled cavernous spaces separated by septae containing osteoid tissue and osteoclast giant cells. Treatment goals are to stop progression of the lesion, relieve pain, stabilize pathologic fractures, and reduce recurrence rates. The standard of care for ABCs is curettage with or without bone graft depending on the resultant void. Despite best efforts at curettage, clinical series have shown highly variable recurrence rates, with some series showing rate ranges from 0% to 100%. Tumor resection may be associated with critical bone loss. Critical-size defects require reconstruction. Other than that, functional outcome after surgical treatment in patients with critical size defect is still a challenge even in benign tumor case. We reported a 32-year-old female presenting an entirely contained ABC to the distal metaphysis of the humerus treated with curettage and nonvascularized autologous fibular bone graft.


Objective: To observe the clinical curative effect of Shoutai pills on threatened abortion,preliminarily explore the mechanism. Methods: A total of 328 patients with threatened abortion meeting the criteria were selected and randomly divided into treatment group and control group,164 patients in each group. The patients in treatment group were treated with Shoutai pills,while the patients in control group were treated with dydrogesterone,the curative effects in the two groups were observed after seven days. Results: In treatment group,81 patients were cured and 74 patients were effective,the effective rate was 94. 5%; while in control group,59 patients were cured and 71 patients were effective,the effective rate was 79. 3%,there was statistically significant difference in the effective rate between the two groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion: The curative effect of Shoutai pills in treatment of threatened abortion is good.


Recently, wireless mesh technology has been used for military applications and fast recovery networks, referred to as nomadic wireless mesh networks (NWMNs). In such systems, wireless routers, termed nodes, are mounted on top of vehicles or vessels. The vessels may change their locations according to application needs and the nodes are required to establish a broadband and reliable wireless mesh network. For improving network performance, some vendors use directional antennas and the mesh topology comprises of point-to-point connections between adjacent nodes. Consequently, the number of point-topoint connections of a node is upper-bounded by the number of directional radios (and antennas) that it has, which is typically a small constant. This raises the need to build robust (i.e., twonode/edge-connected) mesh networks with bounded node degree, regardless of the node locations. This paper presents practical solutions with provable properties for constructing efficient and robust wireless mesh networks using directional antennas. First, we formulate the design problem to be theoretically equivalent to the construction of bounded degree two-connected mesh topologies. Then, we present simple schemes for constructing such solutions with small constant degree bounds. Finally, our extensive simulations show that our schemes find robust and efficient topologies for various settings with node degree bounded by 4, while preserving small hop-count distance between nodes and gateways.


This qualitative study examines 21st century skills used by former ballerinas in their current careers as data analysts. Using the Partnership for 21st Century Learning's list of 21st century skills as the framework, four unstructured interviews were analyzed. The findings indicate that the former ballerinas (1) articulate a connection between the creativity needed for ballet and data analysis, (2) recognize that their ballet training helped them develop 21st century skills needed to be data analysts, and (3) suggest that being a dancer influences their identity. These findings can contribute to the discussion of developing transferable skills essential to workplace success.


PURPOSE
The purpose of this article was to highlight the importance of data management systems in radiotherapy.

METHODS
We performed a database search to review the errors or potential errors in radiotherapy planning and delivery which could be prevented in case of using the DICOM communication system.

RESULTS
We registered the following rates of errors: 1) Errors caused by manual rewriting of treatment plan 30%; 2) Errors caused by wrong assignment of the verification system 15%; 3) Errors during the manual rewriting of treatment data to the verification system 15%; 4) Patient identification 5%; 5) Field verification 15% 6) Wedge orientation 10%.

CONCLUSION
DICOM communication system may significantly improve the quality assurance in radiotherapy.


Many large companies delocalize their production and services due to low labour costs, low taxation, low cost of raw materials, etc. After the 90's more and more American and Western European companies have found in Romania and in other Eastern countries, but also in Asia, investment opportunities and fertile ground for the relocation of their production and services. Romania's integration into the European Union contributed to this phenomenon. While the delocalization is equivalent with the creation of new jobs for East European and Asian countries, it is similar with the job cuts and layoffs for Western countries. The paper aims to study what the impact of delocalization is on the working relationships between the employees from Western countries that lose their jobs and the new employees from Romania, analyzing the actual situation of a transnational IT company. The article provides also methods for the resolution of the conflicts arising in the relationship between the mentioned employees.


Four isolates of Fusarium verticillioides were collected from different parts of Rajasthan from rotted Specialty Corn stalks and identified by ITCC, IARI (New Delhi, India). The maximum size of macroconidia (40.24 X 6.67) in isolate Fv SC-02 and microconidia (12.433.09 μm) was observed in isolate Fv SC-01 whereas minimum size of macroconidia (21.404.10μm) and microconidia (5.65 4.05 μm) was observed in isolate Fv SC-09. On the basis of cultural and morphological characters of all the four isolates showed variability. In this study, basis of host defense response was analyzed after Fusarium verticillioides infection by biochemical. Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase concentration was higher in infected plants when compared to uninfected samples. In defense related biochemical estimation it was recorded that the Peroxidase level increased maximum in QPM i.e. 0.099 units with 90 per cent and Polyphenol oxidases secretion was maximum in QPM with an increase of 0.351 units i.e. 87.31 per cent increase over control.


We continue the study initiated by Jean Bertoin in 2012 of a random dynamics on the edges of a uniform Cayley tree with $n$ vertices in which, successively, each edge is either set on fire with some fixed probability $p_n$ or fireproof with probability $1-p_n$. An edge which is set on fire burns and sets on fire its flammable neighbors, the fire then propagates in the tree, only stopped by fireproof edges. We study the distribution of the proportion of burnt and fireproof vertices and the sizes of the burnt or fireproof connected components as $n \to \infty$ regarding the asymptotic behavior of $p_n$.


Emotional intelligence considered as the ability to recognize, understand, and regulate emotions. Emotional intelligence is one of the important modulators of social relationships. The aim of the work is to study age and gender effect on emotional intelligence and emotional self-regulation in three age children groups (between 11-15, 16-18, 19-20 ages old). Emotional intelligence was measured by using adapted versions of the questionnaires "Emotional Intelligence" and "Emotion Regulation". Forty-nine volunteers participated in the current study. Preliminary results revealed the tendency to increase the parameters of emotional intelligence scales with age and prevalence in reappraisal regulation strategy over the suppression in older children. The prevalence in reappraisal strategy which is more favorable and effective strategy of self-regulation showed higher score in girls' group in comparison to boys' group. Larger sample of children in the age range from 6 to 20 years is expected to show more significant changes between age groups.


.> :~njqot opportunltl for tf~c studl of the lntcma] radntlon hazard assoclatcci \IIt], the contam~natlon oi an IIlllai)ltcd ]and rrla$< b,, ]cK2? fa]]otit I+2S afiordcd ~~iwn sc~cral of the hlarshall lskrrds Ncre acclcicn"tal]v contarmnatccl to ; an"in~ degrees as a corr~equence of the fallout-producq nuclear detonahon of }Iarch 1. 195+ (Cronkltc ct al, 1956 ; . The area conta.mlnated V,IS tho[lsands of .ollarc m]lej bm ond tllc range of the tllcrnal and bia>t cfiects. ~ K(J hunrircd thlrt~-nlnc ,Nladrallew pcrsoris V,crc esposed to let el~ of ~an)ma mdlat)mr. ranging from 1?j r on Rrjnqclap t{) ] + r on Utlnk, l--urthcr. the lnhahltants of Rorgckrp and Utirik were ;Iso subfccted to an acute lnhaiatlon and Ingcstlon exposure during the +.hour period tflat elapsed prior to e~acuatlon. Their imtlal bodv burdens of internal emitters vere estimated from analysis of their urine and "also from data obtained on an)mals simultaneously exposed. These d~ta indicate that the acute hazard from the internal emitters was veq small as compared to the concomitant external dose. hlediea) surveys ha~re been made yearly since the accident in order to follow up the recovery progress of the exposed people (Bond et al, 1955. Cronhtc et al, 1955; Conard et -al, 1956, 1957, 1959). I\"ithin a month of the accident, islmd~ of the folkmg ztolls wsrc surveyed. Rorrgclap, llongerik, Bikar, Likicp and LJtirik. ?NIMIICKWS lard arhak birds and marine specimens, and samples of pkmt% WI ~ wAm wwc dkkd for analysis of the ermtcnt and distribution of radmxtiwc mstdal {C&n N ~ 1955). At the same tix a gamma dose rztc wwy M ma$e m%r !&vw&! ~-pical land areas to pro&k data on the degree of tbc w4txwd email@example.com bwud. ., : -:<,:. . ". .-.


The author rejects the moralistic view of AIDS that distinguishes between natural and unnatural sexual behavior, attributes disease to the consequence of unnatural behavior, and maintains that the only way to deal with AIDS is by adherence to the natural expression of sexuality, namely, life-long heterosexual monogamy. Matthews argues that the purely medical model is the only rational and morally acceptable view of AIDS and that the morally relevant consideration is the obligation to relieve suffering. The triumph of moralism would promote intolerance and social division and the abandonment of compassion and respect for the autonomy of others. The author concludes that the AIDS epidemic, by its sheer horror, offers the chance to adopt more enlightened views which, in turn, are more likely to result in effective measures to control the spread of AIDS.


Assessment of free testosterone (FT) has been recommended in recent clinical practice guidelines as a biomarker for diagnosis and management of testosterone related disorders such as male testosterone deficiency due to hypogonadism and female androgen excess due to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). FT is currently measured using direct commercial immunoassays, assays using equilibrium dialysis (ED) or other separation techniques, or estimated by calculating free testosterone (cFT) using different formulas. The most widely used formula was developed by Vermeulen et al and uses total testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. The ED approach is recognized as the gold standard; however, it is technically challenging for routine clinical use. CDC's Clinical Standardization Program (CDC CSP) has developed a high throughput method using ED coupled with isotope dilution ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The study to evaluate the agreement of this ED-based method to the cFT using different algorithms is being conducted. Serum samples are dialyzed in a custom-designed multi-well plate against a protein-free HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 °C until equilibrium. After isolating endogenous FT from protein-bound testosterone by ED, isotope-labeled internal standard (13C3-testosterone) was added to the resulting dialysate for quantification. Certified pure primary reference material (National Measurement Institute-M914) was used to prepare calibrators, enabling traceable quantitation and ensuring measurement trueness. FT was further isolated from the dialysate matrix using supported liquid extraction and a chromatographic separation from interfering compounds and quantitation by tandem MS. The assay allowed detection of 2.9 pg/mL FT, with the bias within ± 5% and precision less than 10% CV. A total of 45 samples with a wide range of TT (21-912 ng/dL) and SHBG (11-129 nmol/L) were analyzed. The obtained FT values were compared to the cFT values obtained with the Vermeulen algorithm. The mean difference of 34.1% (95% CI 29.1% to 39.9%) between the measured and calculated FT were observed, with majority of the calculated values overestimating FT concentrations. The described high throughput method for FT allows for sufficiently accurate and precise measurement and can provide more reliable FT measurements compared to cFT (that can lead to overestimation of FT) for routine applications including large epidemiologic studies.
 Presentation: No date and time listed


This paper presents the development of a compact, desktop laser-cutting system capable of cutting materials such as wood, metal and plastic. A re-commissioned beheaded MakerBot® Replicator 2X is turned into a 3-DOF laser cutter by way of integration with 800W (peak power) fiber laser. Special attention is paid to tear-down, modification and integration of the objective lens in place of the print head. Example cuts in wood and metal will be presented, as well as design of an exhaust system.


Most of the reports on human placental villi endocrinology focus on the study of neuropeptides, pituitary-or gonadal-like hormones, growth factors and cytokines, and only a few of them concern the function of biogenic amine. We first discovered that trophoblast of placental villi can produce 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and that its titre


The utilization of waste material trom citrus canning plants constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Florida. The purpose of this investigation Was to devise a means of total utilization by the production of an activated carbon. r.he experimental conditions. the use ot solid catalysts. and the use of activating gases and steam were studied in an attempt to tind the optimum conditions for the conversion of this material to active carbon. It was found that a carbon that compared very favorably with a high grade commercial decolorizing carbon could be produced from the material with steam activation at a temperature of about 950 Deg. C. Work is now in progress on a pilot plant for the production of this material.


As psychologic and physical stress is more common in competitive sports, it is important to know the relation between the associated stress factors with the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. There are various risk factors associated with the outcome of periodontal disease. The triggering agents like, increase in the prevalence of periodontal pathogens, behavioral changes in nutrition, oral hygiene maintenance, biochemical parameters and associated stress factors are important in causing the periodontal disease. This review highlights the importance of periodontal health in the competitive athletes and sports persons. In order to achieve the high performance standards in the competition, one should have the complete periodontal health along with the overall well being of an individual.


A large increase in abundance of Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), a parasite of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera pastica (Gyllenhal), occurred in the Vincennes, Indiana, area, and it is significant that this increase occurred in an area where intensive control programs using 2 to 3 treatments of methyl parathion were being applied to control the alfalfa weevil. Data on the timing of chemical sprays over a large area show that, properly timed, the use of insecticides appears to be compatible with survival of the parasite. It is evident that B. Curculionis will be an important factor in the management of the alfalfa weevil.


The author has identified the following significant results. Tapes of compressed ERTS data were obtained to permit later reconstruction and to prove that in general four ERTS MSS tapes can be put onto a single compressed tape. A compressed tape was reconstructed and imagery made. The data were compressed using the essentially information preserving SSDIAM algorithm, with mappings of from 1 to 3 levels and imagery was made of the result. This imagery shows that no visual degradation results from the one level mapping while compression is significantly increased. Mappings of up to three levels shows negligible deterioration in areas of moderate to high data activity, but contouring is noticeable in areas of uniform data such as the plains region.


The invention discloses a method and system for rapid extraction of lithium carbonate from salt lake water. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, rapidly freezing to obtain lithium-rich brine, and then performing reduced pressure evaporation to rapidly separate out the lithium carbonate. The method has the advantages of short process flow and low consumption of labor force, and can realize continuous and automatic operation, the utilization rate of energy is high, the method is green and environment-friendly, the crystallization rate is multiple times of that of a salt field method, the ore grade of the obtained lithium carbonate can be up to 95%, and the method is particularly suitable for industrial production in remote sale lake regions. The system comprises a reduced pressure evaporation crystallizer, a vacuum-pumping device, a brine preheating device and a brine cooling device, has not only a function of rapidly evaporating water to concentrate the brine, but also a function of promoting the non-uniform nucleation of the lithium carbonate, and can further improve the crystallization efficiency.


Co-channel deployment of Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) home-cells or Home E-UTRAN NodeBs (HeNBs) will create coverage holes for macro connected user that is not part of the CSG. In this paper, we address the problem of detecting the macro-cell coverage hole and protecting the macro-users that are located inside such a coverage hole. To reduce the impact of HeNB interference on the macro-cell performance, the HeNBs can be partially muted on some subframes, leading to Time Domain (TDM) muting. With TDM muting, macro-users in the coverage hole can be protected by scheduling them only on the muted subframes that are free of HeNB interference. Different methods for coverage hole detection are considered, and their performance is evaluated under the downlink transmission of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. These methods are based on user measurements. Recommendations on the coverage hole detection will be provided based on the obtained results.


Abstract We compared estimates of soil nitrogen (N) mineralization rates using the buried bag and PVC core methods in an ongoing investigation of the effects of earthworms and N fertilizer sources on agroecosystem N dynamics. Over a seven‐month period, we paired monthly buried bag and PVC core soil incubations within research plots receiving one of three N treatments (inorganic, legume, or manure fertilizers) and with manipulated earthworm populations (reduced, ambient, or increased numbers). Soil moisture within both the buried bags and the PVC cores fluctuated in response to changes in the surrounding soil, violating assumptions of the buried bag method that soil moisture remains constant during incubation. For both methods, overall CV's for net ammonification, nitrification, and N mineralization rates were very high (104 ‐ 628%). Overall, results for the two methods were significantly correlated for net ammonification (r = 0.89), net nitrification (r = 0.58), and net N mineralization (r = 0.24). In gen...


Objective To identify the role of miR153 in cell proliferation and apoptosis in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Methods miR153 was selected as a specific target miR by the technique of microRNA array and bioinformatics. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR153 in HEK293 cell lines. Anti-miR153 transfected by liposome was used to knockdown the expression of miR153 in HEK293 cell line. The quantity and the morphologic changes of the cells were recorded under optical microscope. The growth curve of HEK293 cells after antimiR153 transfection was determined with MTT assay. Flow cytometer was used to detect the cell death and apoptosis in order to analyze the change of cell cycle after antimiR153 transfection. Results miR153 expression was significantly higher in HEK293 cells than that in normal cells. Expression of miR153 in the antimiR group was significantly lower than that in the negative control group, with the knockdown rate in 80. 5-84. 3%. Cells in the anti-miR group grew more slowly than that in negative control group, which started from 24h after transfection and reached the significant time point at 48h. In the anti-miR group, cells became scattering and round, with the absence of cell synapses. Utilizing FCM, cells in the anti-miR153 group had higher apoptosis and necrotic rate (9. 39% ), which was 0. 7% higher than that in the negative control group. Cycle histogram showed that the peak of G2/M phase disappeared in anti-miR153 group, while more cells stayed in G0/G1 phase. Conclusions Cell functions of HEK293 cells can be affected by anti-miR targeting miR153, including induction of cell necrosis or apoptosis and inhibition of cell growth. Anti-miR153 application may be a new tool for treatment of tumors, while further investigation is still needed.

Key words:
Cell cycle;  Cell proliferation;  Apoptosis


The present study was conducted to compare and evaluate the intravenous dexmedetomidine butorphanol and dexmedetomidine The study was conducted on 14 (fourteen) clinical cases of canine of either sex, irrespective of age presented to the T.V.C.C., COVAS, Parbhani for various surgical interventions randomly divided into two groups each consisting of seven dogs. All the dogs sulphate @ 0.04 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously. In group A, after administration of inj. Atropine sulphate, 10 min later combination of Inj. Dexmedetomidine HCL (10 μg/kg body weight) and Inj. Butorphanol tar intravenously whereas in group B, combination of Inj. Dexmedetomidine HCL (10 μg/kg body weight) and Inj. Midazolam maleate (0.2 mg/kg body weight) mixed in single syringe was administ administered till the effect to get the surgical stage of anaesthesia and required amount was calculated as induction dose. Intermittent doses of propofol were given for mai required. reflexes and physiological parameters. It was found that all the dogs resumes lateral recumbency immediately after administration reflex revealed profound sedation with excellent jaw relaxation, moderate to completely abolished palpebral and pedal reflex and rostroventral eyeball position making pupil invisible during and anaesthesia. dexmedetomidine combinations produced profound sedation, rapid onset of action and e analgesia along with muscle relaxation extent of which is comparatively more in group DM than DB. Dexmedetomidine quality and degree of basal an aesthesia


SIMU V in the FORTRAN programming language is a programming system used in the computer of Lower Saxony's regional computing center for the simulation of the sequence of operations in tracked transport systems. The usefulness of the simulation model, with which sequences both in complex passenger stations and in networks of a size up to 500 track-kilometers can be represented, has been shown in many applications in the dimensioning of new transport installations and in the evaluation of planning variants. In addition to the main SIMU V model components, the authors also describe the S5-SUCHE programming system for dialog-oriented data preparation and management on a microcomputer. (Edited author abstract)


Introduction: Storage of red blood cells (RBCs) for transfusion purposes is accompanied by a number of morphological and biochemical changes (storage lesions) that reduce post-transfusion survival/efficacy and increase risk for adverse reactions in the recipients. The clearance of altered and older RBCs from circulation is triggered by the clustering of Band 3, an aggregate state that is recognized by a low-affinity naturally occurring IgG antibody (Nab). Considering the key role of Band 3 in the maintenance of RBC structure and survival, elucidation of functional and structural modifications of Band 3 during storage should lead to new approaches aiming to improve RBC storage and post-transfusion viability. Results: Immunoblot analysis of RBC membrane proteins using an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody showed a progressive increase in the phosphorylation status of Band 3 during RBC storage (Figure 1). In addition, using the quenching fluorescence of eosin-5-maleimide (EMA), we showed an increase of the mobile fraction of Band 3. These findings are consistent with previous demonstration that tyrosine phosphorylation of Band 3 reduces its affinity for ankyrin, leading to the release of the immobile fraction of Band 3 from the skeleton complex, and enhancement of the lateral mobility of Band 3 into the lipid bilayer. Immunoblot experiments using an antibody that specifically recognizes the clustered form of Band 3 revealed an increase of Band 3 cluster formation from the 28th day of storage. We also showed that the release of microparticles (MPs) that occurs during RBC aging increases from the 28th day of storage (Figure 2). Finally, stopped-flow-based functional studies showed a decrease of the anion exchanger activity of Band 3 from the 28th day of storage. Conclusion: Altogether, our results suggest that the 28th of storage represents a key moment for the molecular processes leading to irreversible lesions of RBCs and allow us to propose a new Band 3 phosphorylation/clustering-based mechanism of RBC aging. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


We read with interest the short communication on Cryptosporidium species in lambs submitted for diagnostic postmortem examination ([Pritchard and others 2008][1]) and wish to contribute additional data on the extent of subclinical infection.

In February 2008, one of us (S. J.) supervised a


Hypothesis / aims of study Recent articles have demonstrated that intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) can identify bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic enlargement (LUTS/BPE). As IPP increases, the degree of BOO also increase. A cut off value of 10mm of IPP has been reported as a good predictive value to define BOO. Moreover, IPP exceeding 10mm seems to more frequently respond poorly to medical treatment with tamsulosin among patients with LUTS/BPE [1]. The aim of this study is to assess how the effect of dutasteride depends on the degree of IPP in male patients with BPE.


Results from an experimental study of the mechanism of unstable combustion in a coaxial, optically accessible, bluff-body-stabilizeddumpcombustorwithnaturalgasasthefuelarereported.Aparametricstudywasperformed to investigate the effects of equivalence ratio, inletvelocity, inlet fuel distribution, inlet swirl, and centerbody recess oncombustionstability. It wasfoundthatall of theseparametershadan effectonthestability characteristicsofthis combustor.Atselectedunstableoperatingconditions,phase-resolvedCHchemiluminescenceimageswerecaptured to study the heat-release structure during one period of pressure oscillation. The e ame‐ e owe eld interaction that is depicted in these images indicates that e ame‐ vortex interactions, and the resultant e ame area changes, play a signie cant role in the instabilities that occur when there is no swirl. A simple analysis of these images, however, showedthate uctuatinge ameareaandequivalenceratioe uctuationsbothcontributetotheheatreleasee uctuations that drive the instability. Unstable combustion with swirl appears to be fundamentally different from unstable combustion without swirl in that instabilities with swirl occur near lean blowout and appear to be associated with repeated detaching and reattaching of the e ame from the centerbody.


Analysis of the performance of perforated, gravel-packed wells compared with openhole gravel-packed wells has indicated that the perforation could be responsible for the low productivity of internally gravel-packed wells. A series of laboratory experiments on weak rock (UCS = 1200 psi) was conducted to quantify this. Castlegate sandstone rock samples, 7 in. in diameter and 18 in. long, were perforated with shaped charges under downhole conditions. The perforations were gravel packed by circulating a gravel slurry past the tunnel entrance while applying a differential pressure. The preperforation, post-perforation and post-gravel-pack productivities of the core samples were monitored at different flow rates (5 to 20 b/d/perf). Sectional photographs of the core samples were taken at post-gravel-pack conditions for qualitative analysis. Performance evaluation of gravel-packed realistic perforations (debris and loose sand in the tunnel removed by drawdown-induced flow) versus ideal perforations (debris and loose sand removed by external means) showed the post-gravel-pack productivities of realistic perforations to be much lower than ideal perforations in oil-phase as well as water-phase experiments. Injection of fluid after gravel packing only temporarily unplugged the perforation tunnel. The study shows the importance of fines-and debris-free perforation tunnels in maintaining the productivities of gravel-packed completions.


RTV silicone rubber coatings have been widely applied to insulators because of their good hydrophobicity and anti-fouling performance. However, challenge is presented as pollution flashovers frequently occur on the insulators operating for years along transmission lines due to the hydrophobicity decline and deterioration of their RTV coatings. In this study, superhydrophobic RTV silicone rubber insulator coatings were fabricated on glass substrate using PDMS as base material and fluorosilane-modified silica nanoparticles as hydrophobic fille via simply high-pressure spraying, with 160° contact angle and rolling angle less than 10°. The prepared coating maintains superhydrophobic stability under a harsh environment involving six low (-15°C, 24 h) high (80°C, 24 h) temperature cycles, and it exhibits excellent acid and alkali corrosion resistance. Rather than laboratory research, this presented technique is facile and scalable, capable of large-area superhydrophobic coating production on the complex surface, thereby boding well for great potentials in practical application.


her breasts in order to traverse revolutionary France. "Concealing her breast as she does, deriving strength and resolve from its ruined condition," argues Richter, "Sara no longer is the breast, she has the breast" (210). Richter concludes his analysis of canonical eighteenthand early nineteenthcentury German writers with Kleist, in whose Penthesilea the breastless amazons deny their readers nurturing and instead demonstrate aggressive militancy. "To put it differently," Richter concludes, "the Amazon has the breast in ways that the nonAmazon woman or man can only imagine" (229). In contrast, the men are feminized: the Amazons penetrate and kill the Ethiopian men and eventually Achilles himself becomes the breast for Penthesilea. Throughout his study, Richter uncovers countless fascinating stories. Early on, his discourse on Sebastian del Piombo's painting of St. Agatha, martyred by having her breast removed, reminds the reader of Richter's earlier scholarship, particularly his 1992 book Laocoon's Body and the Aesthetics of Pain. The discussion of Fanny Burney's autobiographical account of her 1811 mastectomy is not something that one runs across frequently in German studies. And Richter's argument on medical literature is particularly fascinating: from around 1800, men's bodies "become subject to a new discipline of containment" (particularly regarding masturbation and the emission of semen), while the woman's body "becomes subject to a host of new demands and threats that all but coerce it to fl ow, indeed to fl ow more than it has done before" (102). It is likely that scholars with a strong investment in psychoanalytic, particularly Lacanian, analysis will have reasons why the breast cannot replace the phallus. Perhaps patriarchy infuses language and signifi cation to such an extent that the breast cannot break through phallologocentric discourses. But Richter's argument is plausible, thoughtprovoking, and intellectually stimulating. Missing the Breast will cause scholars to rethink gender and literature not only in the eighteenthcentury central European tradition, but also in the West in general.


Argon incorporation and the formation of silicon carbide in Si(100) by low energy Ar+ ion bombardment have been studied by angle‐resolved x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The bombardment was performed at ion energies of 1, 1.5, and 2 keV and various ion fluences in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber equipped with XPS. The XPS measurements showed that the incorporated Ar concentrations achieved saturation in the near‐surface region at ion bombardment fluences ≳1016 cm−2. The surface Ar concentrations decreased with increasing bombardment energy. No Ar bubbles on the surface of Ar+‐bombarded samples were observed by atomic force microscopy under these experimental conditions suggesting that Ar bubble formation was not the main Ar trapping mechanism in our study. The SiC formation was confirmed by characteristic XPS peaks of Si 2p and C 1s for SiC. The carbide formed at lower ion fluence was of a metastable structure as inferred by XPS. Bombardment at higher ion fluence yielded a stable carbide phase through...


Objective To analyze the two cases of IgG4 associated cholangitis which were misdiagnosed as biliary tumor,and explore the diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies of IgG4-related cholangitis.Methods Summary the clinical data of two cases of IgG4-related cholangitis from Mar to Apr.2013 in Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department of Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School,including medical history,signs and laboratory examinations.Focusing on reviewing the surgical exploration,choice of surgical methods,postoperative pathologies and immunology indexes as well as their significance for diagnosis and treatments.Results Two cases of preoperative imaging studies were highly suggestive of Hilar cholangiocarcinoma.For lesions located in the right hepatic duct,one case was subjected to right hepatectomy and high bilioenteric anastomosis according to therapy standard of cholangiocarcinoma,but the pathological diagnosis revealed IgG4-related cholangitis; Another case was underwent local resection,for the lesion located in the hepatic duct,the pathology and immunology indexes were suggestive of IgG4-related cholangitis.The postoperative recovery was good,and was discharged well.Conclusions IgG4 related cholangitis is a rare autoimmune disease,which needs to priority differential diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.Operation plays an important role in its treatment,and hormone is helpful.

Key words:
Immunoglobulin G;  Cholangitis;  IgG4 associated disease;  Autoimmune disease;  Bile duct neoplasms


It is a big challenge to completely control the noise generated from the exhaust system of aero engine test facilities. An expand chamber type silencer with built in tubes has been developed and widely applied. Total 8 sets of such silencers have been established. Having reduced by 70 dB, the noise level of only 77 dB was measured at the top of the exhaust tower equipped with the silencer under maximum engine operation condition. This type of silencer provides an operative technical approach to achieve the standards of industry noise control and environment protection for large-scale engine test bench. Obviously, this type of silencer is in possession of not only low cost but also high performances of effective noise reduction, low airflow pressure loss, perfect heatproof, and no second pollution.


The ability of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) from milk of healthy mothers to phosphorylate various milk proteins in the presence of γ‐[32P]‐ATP was shown to be a property of the antibodies. The polyclonal sIgA was purified by sequential chromatography on Protein‐A Sepharose and DEAE‐cellulose, and then separated by chromatography on the ATP‐Sepharose. The preparations containing all milk proteins except for protein kinases [integrated milk proteins (IMP)] were obtained by extraction of the kinase activities from the milk using their affinity to the insoluble crosslinked staphylococcus. Addition of sIgA fractions (having a different affinity to ATP) to the IMP led to phosphorylation of casein and several other milk proteins with different efficiencies.


The images of scholar-merchant were firstly appeared in Liaozhai Zhiyi, which was a great breakthrough of Chinese classical novels. The basic characteristics of scholar-merchants in Liaozhai Zhiyi were: the commercial ethics of being honest and credit, the commercial principle of righteousness integrated with benefit, the commercial psychology of scholarly bearing, the scientific business management and the humanism of rewarding the society.


With the end of the recent housing boom in Dublin, Ireland, it is perhaps a good time to analyze how the commuting and development patterns have been impacted by this unprecedented level of housing construction in recent years. In this research, the authors focus specifically on the commuting patterns of those individuals living in the newest housing stock to see how these patterns adhere to the Irish government's stated transportation and sustainability goals. Data from the 2006 Census of Ireland is used to explore the commuting patterns of individuals living in the four counties that make up Dublin who lived in the most recently constructed housing stock (built between 2001 and 2006, constituting almost one fifth of all housing units in Dublin). The results demonstrate that the latter populations were more likely to have longer commute times and to depart earlier to get to work. The findings also suggest that, despite ambitious government level goals, housing built during the property boom was more likely to be in low-density areas.


Rivet sleeve (22) for a blind rivet (20), having a sleeve head (26) and a sleeve shaft (28) in a longitudinal axis (30) of the sleeve head (26) extends, wherein a longitudinal bore (32) for receiving a rivet pin (24) extending through the rivet sleeve (22) extends, said collar shank (26) having an axial mold portion (46) which is adapted to be deformed in a setting operation to a blind head (78), said mold section (46 ) comprises at least in sections, an embossment (58, 60) on the outer periphery of the sleeve shaft (28), wherein the mold portion (46) having a first axial portion (50) which faces away (the shell head 26), a second axial region (52) which faces the sleeve head (26), and a third axial region (54) between the first and second axial region (50, 52). In this case, at least the first axial portion (50) of the shaped portion (46) includes a stamping (58) which has in relation to the longitudinal axis (30) at least in sections a curved course (74) or a trigonometric function following the course (74).


OBJECTIVE
To treat cystic fibrosis women who failed to conceive.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Multidisciplinary coordinated approach in 20 infertile women affected with cystic fibrosis. Advisability of pregnancy was based on the assessment of pulmonary and nutritional status, risks of maternal health deterioration, infertility factors, risk of cystic fibrosis in the offspring. Assisted reproductive techniques in moderately affected women are described.

RESULTS
Three patients requested only information, three were discouraged, two are still evaluated, 12 were treated and three delivered healthy children. The pulmonary status of each patient remained unchanged 36 months after delivery, and all three children remain healthy.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Assisted reproductive techniques are an option in moderately affected infertile cystic fibrosis women. Advisability and management of pregnancy should be provided by a coordinated team of healthcare professionals with knowledge and experience in cystic fibrosis.


Application of human mesenchymal stem cells brings a new hope for advanced wound healing. To enable cells culture and their viability maintenance, a new type of biomaterials must be developed. Scaffolds prepared from polymers of natural origin can mimic extracellular matrix. Chitosan, which is a chitin derivative, has many favorable properties like biodegradability or lack of cytotoxicity. Therefore, it is widely applied in medicine and pharmacy. Nevertheless, its chemical modification may lead to the loss of biocompatibility of the material and generate some significant problems with cells culture. In this article a novel strategy of the bioactive and antimicrobial chitosan hydrogel scaffolds is presented. As crosslinking agents non-toxic substances were used such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Obtained biomaterials were investigated over their chemical structure, morphology and biological activity. Performed tests using human mesenchymal stem cells confirmed bioactivity and biocompatibility, as well as antibacterial and antifungal properties.


Quantification of high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) lattice images and detailed luminescence line‐shape analysis is used to determine the atomic structure of GaInAs quantum wells (QWs) between AlInAs barriers. By careful analysis of a statistically large number of HRTEM images, we are able to measure the standard deviation in the mean quantum‐well width to better than one (200) monolayer. Statistical analysis of the temperature dependence of the luminescence yields QW width distribution functions and variations of the mean QW width across the sample with a precision of better than 0.2 nm in quantitative agreement with the transmission electron microscopy results. No large and smooth islands with monolayer steps in between but rather long‐range mean band‐gap fluctuations are observed. Spectral broadening is found to be induced by well‐width‐dependent roughness of inequivalent growth surfaces and by clustering in the barriers for extremely narrow wells of the order Lz≊1 nm. Our result...


Abstract - This work investigates the Questioning strategy within dialogical speech, considered the prototypical verbal interaction. In order to implement this communicative strategy, speakers need to take care of different kinds of aspects: information exchange involves interpersonal aspects as well as the propositional content connected with the specific communicative aims (in our case, the solution of the task-oriented dialogue). Therefore, we present an analysis considering these two levels in which interlocutors cooperate: an interactional and relational level, as well as a task-oriented level. These aspects are obviously related to idiosyncratic characteristics of each speaker and depend on social, cultural, relational and situational factors too. In spite of all this variability, we present some functional-pragmatic continua as a valid and accurate interpretation key of the dynamics of the Questioning strategy. They reflect  two different and often opposite forces acting simultaneously: on the one hand, the need to communicate a specific message to reach a common goal and, on the other hand, the effort to maintain the relationship with the interlocutor.


A variety of differences between normal and leukemic cells have been reported, involving such diverse characteristics as alkaline phosphatase content,"' 12 glycolytic rate, and nucleic acid metabolism.6 In most cases, however, the differences observed could have been due to variations in cell maturation levels rather than to leukemia-specific changes. We still do not know whether leukemia results from a malignant change within the leucocyte population or from an increase in essentially normal cells due to interference with leucocyte control mechanisms. In our laboratory, we have been investigating an agglutinin present in certain wheat germ lipase preparations which produces more clumping in murine tumor cells than in isologous normal cells.3 Hakamori and Jeanloz have found that the cell surface material involved in the reaction is also present in a glycolipid isolated from a human adenocarcinoma.7' 8 The lipase enzyme itself is not responsible for the agglutination observed since enzyme inactivation by heat or by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid does not destroy agglutinating activity. We have shown that the increased reactivity of tumor cells does not merely reflect a cell surface property related to rapid cell growth and division since spleen cells from newborn animals do not clump more than those from adults, nor do cells from regenerating liver clump more than those from normal liver. It was considered interesting, therefore, to determine whether or not a leukemic cell would behave like a tumor cell in respect to clumping when treated with wheat germ agglutinin.


The article raise the questions related to the growing demand for knowledge of Polish agriculture and the sources of supply of this knowledge. It was indicated at necessary to complete development gap separating them from agriculture of many EU states and even world ones. It was emphasized that the way to stimulate knowledge-absorbing capacity of the sector is a workable system of vocational education. Purpose of the study is the evaluation of vocational education (including agriculture) in Poland. Diagnosing this complex research area the deck research method was used. It allowed to obtain approximate situation of the vocational education system. This system changing gradually, although this changes can be described as too slowed in relation to dynamics changes of competitive environment, especially in techno- technological field.


Educational reforms and educational policy changes have favored the learning of English as a foreign language (EFL) in public education. Empirical research has examined how EFL specialist teachers in urban public schools perceive these changes or the extent to which they adopt a new curriculum. Nonetheless, the new EFL policies have also had an impact on rural schools where generalist teachers are forced to teach English along with other areas of the curriculum. In this context, little research has explored teachers' perceptions and appropriation of ongoing curricular changes. The present study explored this issue among generalist rural secondary school teachers in the southeast of Mexico. To this end, an explanatory sequential mixed method was adopted with a sample of 216 generalist teachers. During the quantitative phase, the participants completed two Likert scale questionnaires. Then, a semi-structured interview was conducted with a sub-sample of participants who obtained high (n = 7) or low (n = 7) results in the perceptions and appropriation questionnaires. The statistical analyses showed a weak but positive correlation between perceptions and appropriation. The qualitative data provide some insights that explain the weakness of the correlation.


The White House "Stop the Bleed" campaign has renewed interest in public‐access bleeding kits and the use of tourniquets by the lay public. The objective of this study was to determine which type of tourniquet could be applied most effectively by the lay public using only manufacturer instructions included with each tourniquet.


Tourism industry is a major source of income for many countries, including Thailand. Advertising plays a vital role in tourism and hospitality industry. It also has a significant impact on consumer decision making. Online advertising on a website is a vital tool and is widely used in tourism businesses as it helps them to advertise and market their products and services globally. Importantly, homepage is the most important part of the website in the future. So, it needs to be able to provide effective information and encourage potential customers to engage and revisit the website. Images are extremely important and widely used in tourism advertisement as they entice the viewers' attention and help them construct an image of certain destinations, products and services in their mind. Therefore, effective use of visual element to accompany the textual content is important. This research aims to analyze status and logico-semantic relations between textual and visual elements located in the content area of international hotel homepages, and also to find out if there is any visual element that can be used to substitute the texts in these homepages. Twenty four hotel homepages from eight different countries were selected for the analysis. The system of status andlogico-semantic relations by Martinec & Salway (2005) was used as the analysis framework. The results of the present study show that there are 3 different status relations and 3 different logics-semantic relations found in this corpus. It is also found that there are certain visual images that can be used as text substitution.


Wound and its management is one of the most important basic principle of surgery. In modern surgery text wound is described in detail but first evidences are available in ancient Indian system of medicine namely Ayurveda as Vrana and Vrana Ropana (wound healing). Most of the acharyas described it in Samhitas but Sushruta described it in a complete manner which is also practically implemented in various types of wound and specially very useful in non-healing wound where modern surgery has some limitations. Hence in this review article wound management by Sushruta is focused and collected in one article which is scattered in various Adhyaya of Sushruta Samhita.


A key issue today is the effect of globalization on inequality and poverty. We first identify a group of developing countries that are participating more in globalization. Since China, India, and several other large countries are part of this group, well over half of the population of the developing world lives in these globalizing economies. The post1980 globalizers have seen large increases in trade, and significant declines in tariffs over the past 20 years. Their growth rates have accelerated from the 1 970s to the 1 980s to the 1990s, even as growth in the rich countries and the rest of the developing world has declined. The post-1980 globalizers are catching up to the rich countries while the rest of the developing world is falling farther behind. We next ask how general these patterns are, through regressions that exploit the within-country variation in trade and growth. We fnd a strong positive effect of trade on growth after controlling for changes in other policies and addressing endogeneity with internal intruments. Finally we examine the effects of trade on the poor. Since there is little systematic evidence of a relationship between changes in trade volumes (or any other globalization measure we consider) and changes in income share of the poorest, the increase in growth rates that accompanies expanded trade leads to proportionate increases in incomes of the poor. The evidence from individual cases and from cross-country analysis supports the view that globalization leads to faster growth and poverty reduction in poor countries. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official views of the World Bank or its members countries. We thank Sergio Kurlat and Dennis Tao for excellent research assistance. An earlier draft of this paper was presented at the conference on "Poverty and the International Economy," sponsored by Globkom (Parliamentary Commission for Swedish Policy on Global Development) and the World Bank, October 20-21, 2000, Stockholm, Sweden. We thank Jeff Williamson, Dani Rodrik, and seminar participants for helpful comments on the initial draft. P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed Recognizing the enormous benefits of open international markets, we, the undersigned economists, strongly support China 's entry into the World Trade Organization. China 's entry will raise living standards in both China and its trading partners. By acceding to the WTO, China will open its borders to international competition, lock in and deepen its commitment to economic reform, and promote economic development andfreedom. --Open letter in the New York Times, spring 2000, signed by a long list ofprominent economists


A two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation of the beam-plasma interaction process is carried out to study the electromagnetic radiation at the plasma frequency and its second harmonic. In the simulation, a homogeneous plasma background with a periodic boundary condition is assumed. Electromagnetic radiation at the plasma frequency and its higher harmonics are widely believed to be responsible for solar type-II and type-III radio bursts. Traditional theory based upon weak turbulence of three-wave and nonlinear wave-particle interaction processes predicts radiation emission primarily at the fundamental and second harmonic of the plasma frequency. Electrostatic modes and electromagnetic radiation corresponding to this expectation at the fundamental and the second harmonics plasma frequencies are found. The radiation patterns of the fundamental and second harmonic electromagnetic modes are examined in detail.


Forty silicate bacteria, isolated from purple soils in different sites of Sichuan and Chongqing, China, together with the representative strain (Bacillus muciloginasus AS1.232), were tested by numerical analysis of 52 phenotypic characteristics. The results indicated that they were very diverse with their physiological and biochemical aspects, such as shape and size of bacteria, utilization of sole carbon and nitrogen sources, tolerance of NaCl, etc. All strains tested were classified into four clusters at the level of 80% similarity, and cluster I were further divided into 2 subclusters at the level of 86% similarity. The phosphorus-releasing ability and potassium-releasing ability was significantly different among the silicate bacteria. 22% strains had the ability to release both phosphorus and potassium mineral, while 29% strains had phosphorus-releasing ability only. However, the potassium-releasing ability of these strains was low. The phosphorus-releasing and potassium-releasing ability was positively related to the decreasing of pH value during culture process. Fig 5, Tab 3, Ref 20


Given the enormous health benefits of exercise, there is a large body of research aimed at identifying the optimal type and dose of training to maximise physiological and performance adaptations. Among a variety of training modalities, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is recognized as a time-efficient training strategy to induce similar or even superior adaptations compared to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training according to a number of physiological, performance and health-related markers (Gibala et al. 2012). A strong interest in HIIT has been stimulated by the evidence that three sessions per week of low-volume Wingatebased HIIT (i.e. repeated bouts of 30-s all-out cycling efforts interspersed with 4/4.5 min of recovery) induce similar performance adaptions to those obtained with an almost 10 times greater weekly training volume performed in the traditional continuous training mode (Gibala et al. 2012). Moreover, in the Wingate-based HIIT studies reviewed by Gibala et al. (2012), the overall time commitment for HIIT was about 3 times shorter than that of traditional continuous training. This is of great importance considering that 'lack of time' is commonly cited as one of the main barriers to exercise adherence (Gibala et al. 2012). Interestingly, despite the sprint nature of Wingate-based HIIT, endurance-like adaptations were documented after a few weeks (2–6) of training with this HIIT format. These include increased muscle oxidative capacity and glucose transport capacity and therefore improved insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control, along with cardiovascular adaptations (Gibala et al. 2012). The remarkably similar changes observed after HIIT and traditional endurance training suggest that metabolic adaptations to HIIT could be mediated in part through signalling pathways normally associated with endurance training. This is supported by the well-documented increase in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α; i.e. the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle) after HIIT (Gibala et al. 2012). The increase in PGC-1α further highlights the potential widespread health benefits of HIIT, given the positive effects that an increase in PGC-1α has on oxidative capacity, glucose uptake, anti-oxidant defence and resistance to age-related sarcopenia (Gibala et al. 2012). However, the Wingate-based HIIT is an extremely demanding exercise format and may not be safe, well-tolerated or appealing for some individuals (Gibala et al. 2012). Less extreme and more practical HIIT formats have been extensively used and commonly compared to traditional continuous training on a matched-work basis or isocaloric basis. When using this method of comparison, the superiority of HIIT over continuous training is even more evident in promoting health benefits in both healthy individuals and diseased populations (Gibala et al. 2012; Weston et al. 2014). A meta-analysis comparing HIIT and continuous training in patients with cardiometabolic disease found an almost doubled increase in cardiorespiratory fitness (as measured by V̇O2peak) after HIIT compared to continuous training (Weston et al. 2014). This should translate into a greater decrease in risks of morbidity and all-cause mortality. Other health-related adaptations occurred significantly more in HIIT compared to continuous training, such as reduced blood pressure, improved insulin sensitivity, increased nitric oxide availability, improved lipid metabolism and increased PGC-1α (Weston et al. 2014). Despite the strong efficacy of HIIT, methodological limitations are commonly reported in HIIT studies (Weston et al. 2014). Among these, it is worth mentioning the possibility of committing a type II statistical error, given the fact that the length of training is often relatively short, the sample size is usually small and a between-subject design is typically used. A recent study published in The Journal of Physiology by a group of leading scientists in the physiology of HIIT provided an elegant experimental design to further our understanding of the effect of HIIT on skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations as compared to matched-work continuous training (MacInnis et al. 2016). The authors used a single-leg cycling within-subject parallel-group design, i.e. one leg was trained with HIIT and the other with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Specifically, each leg was randomly assigned to complete six sessions of workand duration-matched HIIT (4 × (5 min at 65% of peak power and 2.5 min at 20% of peak power)) or MICT (30 min at 50% of peak power) over 2 weeks. The HIIT and MICT sessions for the two different legs were performed 10 min apart on the same day, and in alternating order across the six training sessions. Ten healthy young men were included in the study. Methodologically, this experimental design allowed for control of individual variability in training responsiveness, increase in statistical power and elimination of the need for washout periods. This is a very important methodological improvement made in order to limit the occurrence of a type II error in HIIT longitudinal studies. Physiologically, single-leg cycling may induce greater adaptations than those induced by double-leg cycling, possibly in view of the increased relative exercise intensity (MacInnis et al. 2016). This makes single-leg cycling an appealing exercise modality when investigating skeletal muscle adaptations following short-term training programmes. Of course, the applicability of the single-leg cycling within-subject parallel-group design is limited to the investigation of physiological adaptations (e.g. mitochondrial adaptations) that show no evidence of transfer from the trained leg to the non-trained leg. MacInnis et al. (2016) found that HIIT induces greater increases in mitochondrial content biomarkers in human skeletal muscle compared to MICT. Specifically, citrate synthase maximal activity and mass-specific oxidative phosphorylation capacities (complex I, and complexes I and II) were greater in HIIT relative to MICT, while whole-muscle cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV protein content increased similarly between training modalities. Conversely, no change in mitochondrial function (i.e. mitochondria-specific oxygen


A 64-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of unpleasant feeling in her anal region. digital examination revealed an elastic hard tumor on the lateral wall of the rectum. Barium enema and colonoscopy revealed a semipeduculated polypoid lesion 13mm in diameter with a central depression in the rectum. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed the tumor limited with in the submucous layer. In this case, a possibility of malignancy could not be reled out because of central depression. So a low anterior resection with lymph nodes dissection was performed. Histologically, the tumor was confined to the submucous layer, and pararectal lymph node metastasis was observed. Her postoperative course has been good without recurrence for 13 months after discharge. Only 17 cases of rectal carcinoid which is smaller than 20mm in size and is confined to the submucous layer have been reported in the Japanese literarure so far. We must take a careful attitude to select therapies of the disease in case of central depression and vascular invasion, even if the tumor is small size.


Communication system using Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum processes stronger anti-interference ability, while the communication rate is decreased significantly. It is an important technical issue to balance the communication rate and the anti- interference ability. A coding and decoding technology of CCSK was proposed in the paper, which can improve effectively the communication rate of Spread Spectrum Communication system.


Recently, the world communities are moving towards the utilization of herbal products. Instead of phar macological effect herbal material has been identified in cosme tology as well as pharmaceutical excipients. Litera tures confirm the applicability of herbal product as a binder, su spending agent, thickener, disintegrating agent etc . The world market for biopharmaceutical products increases sin ce last 10 years in their application and productio n. Biopharmaceutical products are recombinant of various biological origin and blood plasma which include s proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, hormones, whole cells, vir al particles and vaccines. This review focuses on v arious types of naturally occurring polymers which has been considered for the delivery of biopharmaceuticals. An atte ntion is made on the chemical and physical properties of pol ymers in the form of its compiled data.


There are many problems with well-logging data storages within domestic in China. The data formats are different fromone product producer to another. How to process different data from various producers, and how to propose this bug to break theboundary between different producers is one of the problems. This paper is aimed at deal this problem with deep research intomany well-logging data format, and then we designed an Imaging Controller to common use. We focused in data model design,well logging imaging, drawing template, and component extension.


Abstract : The studies provide an insight into the significance of nutritive factors in the pathogenesis of toxic effects of penicillin. In practice, elimination of green fodder (cauliflower leaves) leads to a reduction in penicillin tolerance which is, however, not solely due to a lack of Vitamin C, since even manifold overdosage of ascorbic acid does not compensate the complex of toxic symptoms which develops through omission of green fodder. It can be surmised that cabbage leaves contain specific effective substances which are able to raise the limit of tolerance of guinea pigs towards penicillin. Tissue water deprivation caused by withdrawal of green fodder cannot in itself be decisive since the addition of fluids in the form of oatmeal gruel causes only a temporary increase in weight which is again followed by weight loss.


The nature of the paramagnetic phase of the transverse Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) spin-glass model is not completely understood because of the quantum fluctuations. We use different approximations to describe these fluctuations. The resulting paramagnetic\char21{}spin-glass phase diagrams are compared to those obtained by numerical methods and by previous theories.


The technology procedure specifies diarrhea disease diagnosis and prevention of calf in the alpine pastoral areas of diarrhea. This standard applies to prevention and control of diarrhea disease of calf induced by rotavirus, coronavirus,escherichia coli,implicit brussel in cooperatives,grazing and animal medical unit.


under which integration would result in economic gain. This paper evaluates one integration effort, the Central American Common Market, in the light of the propositions of customs union theory. The well-known studies by James Meade (The Theory of Customs Unions, 1955) and by Rolf Sannwald and Jacques Stohler (Economic Integration, 1959) provide convenient listings of the general theoretical conclusions. A convenient re-working of the general criteria into a form especially tailored for underdeveloped regions has been provided by Robert L. Allen.' The sources of improved welfare are said to be the expanded opportunities for economies of scale, improved terms of trade from greater bargaining power of the integrated group, and an improved allocation of resources from greater scope for competition and the elimination of inefficient producers. A more detailed statement of criteria for gain is reserved until the basic features of Central American integration have been examined. The Central American nations have made two substantially different treaties of integration within a short time. The first one was The Multilateral Treaty of Free Trade and Central American Economic Integration, signed in 1958 by Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Starting with free trade on 200 items in 1959, the goal was to achieve completely


Nowadays, online learning seems to be more and more in demand, with several offers being presented to the students. Online learning platforms that can be at any time that is convenient for them at any pace, using any technology available in any place. This also confers to the students the responsibility of been responsible for their own learning. To assist the students in this task the Emotional Adaptive Platforms (EAP) can be used. The EAP can perceived the student emotional state, personality and learning preference and adjust the learning course to it. So a question is asked how do we build an EAP? In this paper, is described how to build an EAP highlighting the major problems and concern issues from the initial research phase to the test of a working prototype. The research was carried out based on the assumption that emotion can influence several aspects of human life, knowledge acquisition, perception, learning process to the way people communicate and the way rational decisions are made.