The invention relates to RMB counterfeit identifying technologies, and provides a counterfeit identifying method and a counterfeit identifying system based on zebra crossing infrared image characteristics. The counterfeit identifying method comprises the steps of A, acquiring an infrared image of RMB and carrying out preprocessing on the acquired infrared image; B, extracting HOG characteristics of the preprocessed infrared image and selecting HOG characteristics which satisfy preset conditions from the extracted HOG characteristics; and C, carrying out counterfeit identifying according to the selected HOG characteristics. The counterfeit identifying method based on the zero crossing infrared image characteristics acquires a zebra crossing anti-counterfeit image of the RMB by adopting infrared light, and carries out processing and identifying on the zebra crossing anti-counterfeit image by using an improved HOG and a support vector machine, thereby being capable of effectively eliminating noise effects and improving the performance of infrared image counterfeit identifying, and being capable of improving the accuracy in counterfeit identification for authentic and counterfeit banknotes.


Nowadays,flood is one of the most serious natural disasters in the world.Its scientific and effective monitoring and assessment provided the foundation for the flood prevention and mitigation.The basic theory of the flood monitoring by satellite remote sensing was briefly introduced.The research progress on techniques of the flood water extraction,the calculation of the flooded area and the depth of the floodwater,and the impact assessment of flood disasters was summarized,based on satellite data,such as Landsat TM and ETM+,SPOT,EOS/MODIS and NOAA/AVHRR etc.It was concluded that the remote sensing technology for the floodwater extraction was matured.The calculation of flood area based on GIS was relatively matured.The floodwater depth was still difficult to obtain and the corresponding technology was needed to be improved further.The impact assessment technology was developing quickly,while the methods,models and the accuracy of the quantitative assessment were needed to be studied further.Based on those conclusions,the microwave remote sensing,artificial neural networks,GIS could be widely applied in the flood disaster satellite remote sensing monitoring,especially the remote sensing data could be extensively utilized in the assessment process.


Additional background information made available in the last 5 years now permits the approximate time-current characteristics of fault currents in d-c systems to be calculated with the assurance of more realistic results. The need for this information has increased as the concentrations of d-c power sources have grown. Some older systems may also benefit from a short-circuit study. The object of this work is to assemble information and methods which will permit the reader readily to determine fault characteristics of d-c systems. This paper is limited to a discussion of d-c systems containing only motors and generators. The information presently available regarding the fault characteristics of other sources of short-circuit current is not sufficiently advanced to permit its inclusion in this paper. The other sources of short-circuit current are rectifiers, synchronous converters, electrolytic cells, and batteries, and it is expected that as further information concerning the fault characteristics of these sources becomes available, it will also be simplified and presented in a readily usable form.


From 16.08. to 21.08.2009, the Dagstuhl Seminar 09341 ``Cognition, Control and Learning for Robot Manipulation in Human Environments '' was held
in Schloss Dagstuhl~--~Leibniz Center for Informatics.
During the seminar, several participants presented their current
research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of
the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of
seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section
describes the seminar topics and goals in general.
Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.


The Hebrew Bible (James, 2011), as a collection of ancient books of history, prophecies, poems and wisdom literatures, contains some of the most intriguing stories and profound wisdom from the ancient world. While majority of these ideas and sapiential teachings have already deeply integrated into our modern cultures, there are yet some that we still struggle in understanding and accepting, such include the origin of sin and evil in the story of Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden and the story of Job with his undeserved sufferings. In this study, we are going to conduct a comparative study of the two biblical stories mentioned based on resources in and out of the Bible. We hope that our study will be able to cast some new lights over these long-discussed topics and to help our readers in their own reading experience.


Process for producing a blown film of cellulose carbamate, in which a spinning solution of cellulose carbamate containing solution cellulose carbamate in at least one ionic liquid, with a concentration of carbamate cellulose is extruded spinning solution of at least 15% by weight and a zero shear viscosity, measured at 100 ° C, in the range of 50-7500 Pas, through a blow nozzle film and then this through a space outside air in a coagulation bath, wherein the ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of ammonium compounds, pyrazolium, of cholinium, imidazolium substituted alkyl or aryl in posicionrd 1 and 3 and / or mixtures thereof.


Abstract— This paper investigates the use of a one-class supportvector machine algorithm to detect the onset of system anoma-lies, and trend output classification probabilities, as a way to mon-itor the health of a system. In the absence of "unhealthy" (nega-tive class) information, a marginal kernel density estimate of the"healthy" (positive class) distribution is used to construct an es-timate of the negative class. The output of the one-class supportvector classifier is calibrated to posterior probabilities by fitting alogistic distributiontothesupport vectorpredictormodelinanef-fort to manage false alarms. Index Terms— Anomaly detection, Bayesian linear models,Bayesian posterior class probabilities, kernel density estimation,one-class classifier, support vector machine. A CRONYMS PHM Prognostics and Health ManagementSVM Support vector machineOSH Optimal separating hyperplanePCA Principal component analysisSVD Singular value decompositionGLM Generalized linear modelBLM Bayesian linear modelPoF Physics of failureKDE Kernel density estimateRBF Radial basis functionMAP Maximum a posterioriMinimum volume setsN


The cultivation of the college students' socialist core values is the continous construction of socialist core value system and an integral part of the ideological and political education. To strengthen cultivating college students' socialist core values,it is necessary to form a powerful force by centering on education guidance,public opinion propaganda,culture edification,practice cultivation and system guarantee to ensure that the socialist core values are internalizd in theirs hearts and externalized in their behavors of the college students.


The popularity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) has increased considerably among today's technologies. Especially in the field of defense technologies, it has become very important to detect UAVs in military sheltered areas, border violations or any special area that needs protection. In this study, the recently released YOLOR was used to detect UAVs. The data set created from the UAV images was trained with the YOLOR model, and as a result of the experiments, it was experimentally proven that the YOLOR model has a 95.9% success rate and is better than other object detection models.


Objective To compare the diagnostic value of smearing, culturing and FQ-PCR on detecting TB for pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods TB was detected by smearing directly the concentrated sputum and by sputum culturing.TB-DNA in the sputum was detected by FQ-PCR.Results The positive rate of smearing the concentrated sputum was obviously higher than that of smearing directly.The positive rate of culturing methods was relatively low.The sensitivity of FQ-PCR was the highest.The result of detection by all three methods were highly interrelated.Conclusion Smearing concentrated sputum would be preferable instead of detecting TB directly in the sputum.Detecting TB-DNA by FQ-PCR might be adopted as a routine laboratory item for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis.It will meet clinical needs from different aspects to adopt smearing, culturing and FQ-PCR to detect TB.


Concentrated yogurt (labneh) was produced by straining cow milk set yogurt in cloth bags. Three plants derived essential oils cinnamon, cumin and mint oils, were added to final concentrations of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8% each to extend the shelf life of labneh. The chemical, microbiological and organoleptic properties of the labneh stored at 6±1oC for up to 24 days were determined. Addition of plant derived essential oils affected the pH and total volatile fatty acid values of the prepared labneh, while total solids and fat values were only slightly affected. Total therapeutic bacterial count, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. Bulgaricus in the treated labneh increased and reached a maximum after 8 days of storage where after it decreased until the end of the storage period. Coliform and staphylococcus bacteria were not detected, while yeasts and moulds were detected at insignificant in some treated labneh. Labneh containing 0.3% cinnamon, cumin or mint oils were organoleptically the most acceptable and it had a good body and texture that was similar to the untreated one. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that 0.3% of cinnamon can be used in order to increase the shelf life of labneh for up to 24 days, with higher level of total volatile free fatty acid and therapeutic bacteria counts and low level of total viable, molds and yeast count.


As one of the most promising energy-efficient computing paradigms, approximate computing has gained a lot of research attention in the past few years. This paper presents a survey of state-of-the-art work in all aspects of approximate computing and highlights future research challenges in this field.


AUTHOR Nelson, Bernadette; And Others TITLE Assessment of the ESAA-TV Program; An ExaMination of, Its Production, Distribution, and Financing. INSTITUTION Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. SPONS AGENCY Office of Prbgram Evaluation (ED), Washington, D.C, REPORT NO AAI No. 80A-146 PUB DATE 480 CONTRACT 300-77-0468 NOTE 328p.; For related document, see ED 199 341. Various tables throughout the document may not reproduce due to type size.


The use of silicone elastomers is rapidly increasing in the manufacture and maintenance of high voltage insulators, arresters, and cable accessories. The processes required to produce this range of devices include casting, traditional press molding, and injection molding. This paper discusses how different products can meet these processing requirements while maintaining the performance profiles required for the various high voltage outdoor applications. Many of these applications require properties not inherent in standard silicone products. Physical and dielectric properties, as well as the results of application testing will be reviewed.


Energy harvesting is a promising solution to the problem of limited battery life for wireless nodes. In this letter, the energy status during each round of transmission is analyzed, where the wireless node harvests energy from other co-channel transmitting nodes. Assuming round-robin scheduling, the probability mass function of the number of extra rounds offered by co-channel harvesting is calculated. Numerical results shows how the probability of extra transmissions changes with the amount of initial energy at each node and the number of nodes in the wireless network. They also show that the network where nodes are uniformly distributed over a line has a larger probability of extra transmissions than those uniformly distributed over a disc or equally spaced over a line.


This paper presents an improved derivative method to provide good symbol synchronization in multi-path channels for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. As the conventional derivative method (Willians et al., 2005), the improved derivative method can reduce the inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by multi-path channels. Moreover, the proposed method is robust against the frequency offset and the filter length which are very selective to the conventional derivative method. Simulation results confirm that the improved derivative algorithm outperforms the maximum likelihood algorithm (ML) (Van De Veek et al., 1997) and the conventional derivative method.


A game using electro-oculography (EOG) as control signal was introduced in this study. Various EOG signals are generated by eye movements. Even though EOG is a quite complex type of signal, distinct and separable EOG signals could be classified from horizontal and vertical, left and right eye movements. Proper signal processing was incorporated since EOG signal has very small amplitude in the order of micro volts and contains noises influenced by external conditions. Locations of the electrodes were set to be above and below as well as left and right positions of the eyes. Four control signals of up, down, left and right were generated. A microcontroller processed signals in order to simulate a DDR game. A LCD display showed arrows falling down with four different head directions. This game may be used as eye exercise for visual concentration and acuity. Our proposed EOG control signal can be utilized in many other applications of human machine interfaces such as wheelchair, computer keyboard and home automation. Keywords—DDR game, EOG, eye movement.


AbstractIn this paper, I present three ideal typical grief articulations drawn from three historical periods: (1) grief as a moral practice in Ancient Greek virtue ethics, (2) grief as an expression of an inner, authentic morality in the Romantic era, and (3) grief as a psychologized and increasingly pathologized phenomenon in modern psychology up to the present attempts to include separate diagnoses for pathological grief in the diagnostic manuals for mental disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; World Health Organization, 2016). The purpose of this presentation is to shed light on current taken-for-granted notions of grief, and, by providing some historical background, challenge prevailing understandings that depict grief as an ahistorical, universal, intra-psychological and (potentially) medical condition that is analytically separate from historical, social, cultural, and religious practices. Informed by a cultural psychological outlook (Brinkmann, 2016; Valsiner, 2014), I argue that the r...


In this paper, we prove a Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem for 4-dimensional and 6-dimensional spin manifolds with boundary associated with the conformal Robertson-Walker metric. And we give two kinds of operator theoretic explanations of the gravitational action for boundary in the case of 4-dimensional manifolds with flat boundary. In particular, for 6-dimensional spin manifolds with boundary with the conformal Robertson-Walker metric, we obtain the noncommutative residue of the composition of $\pi^+D^{-1}$ and $\pi^+D^{-3}$ is proportional to the Einstein-Hilbert action for manifolds with boundary.


Purpose – To provide important empirical evidence to support the role of knowledge management within firms.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using a mail survey sent to CEOs representing firms with 50 or more employees from a cross‐section of industries. A total of 1,743 surveys were mailed out and 443 were returned and usable (27.8 percent response rate). The sample was checked for response and non‐response bias. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling.Findings – This paper presents knowledge management as a coordinating mechanism. Empirical evidence supports the view that a firm with a knowledge management capability will use resources more efficiently and so will be more innovative and perform better.Research limitations/implications – The sample slightly over‐represented larger firms. Data were also collected in New Zealand. As with most studies, it is important to replicate this study in different contexts.Practical implications – Knowledge management is embraced in...


The article first analyzes the success of CAIJING MAGAZINE in the market of the finance and economics periodicals,then concludes the advantages and characteristics of CAIJING MAGAZINE in its brand operation and management,discusses the inspiration and meaning of its experience to the finance and economics periodicals at last.


Crohn's disease (CD) is a lifelong chronic inflammatory bowel disease associated with diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloody stool and often perianal fistulae. Inflammation in CD involves the entire gastrointestinal tract, especially including the small and large bowels, causing irreversible bowel damage. Frequent imaging examinations are necessary to monitor disease activity and to evaluate response to therapeutic interventions, and, furthermore, to predict recurrence in order to provide appropriate treatment. The suitable imaging modality should be reproducible, well tolerated, safe and free of ionizing radiation. In recent years, imaging used in CD has dramatically changed. Cross-sectional imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to investigate not only extraluminal abnormalities, but also intraluminal changes. Recently, new techniques such as MR enteroclysis, enterography, colonography and enterocolonography have been developed. These


Conference report. A short description of the NordForsk network: "Sami Prehistory and Early History in the western Barents Region (SAMIARC)", lead by the author.


Speech signal processing has always brought a lot of attention from the communication theory community. Speech communication, as the most natural way of communication between humans, is, indeed, a mature reserach topics with rich literature from even before the first digital hardware appeared to nowadays. The continously increasing telephony market brought special attention to the discipline during the 80's and 90's, specially in speech coding and speech enhancement, where the most significant contributions were made. More recently, due to the appearance of novel signal processing techniques, the standard methods are being questioned. Sparse representation of signals and compessed sensing made significant contributions to the discipline, through a better representation of signals and more eficient processing techniques. In this thesis, standard speech modeling techniques are revisited. Firstly, a representation of the speech signal through the line spectral frequencies (LSF) is presented, with a extended stability analysis. Moreover, a new Bayesian framework to time-varying linear prediction (TVLP) is shown, with the analysis of different methods. Finally, a theoretical basis for speech denoising is presented and analyzed. At the end of the thesis, the reader will have a broader view of the speech signal processing discipline with new insights that can improve the standard methodology.


As part of the spent fuel treatment program at Argonne National Laboratory, a vacuum distillation process is being employed for the recovery of uranium following an electrorefining process. Distillation of a molten salt electrolyte, primarily consisting of a eutectic mixture of lithium and potassium chlorides with minor amounts of fission product chlorides, from uranium is achieved by a batch operation called cathode processing. Described in this paper are recent developments, both equipment and process-related, at the cathode processor during the treatment of blanket-type spent fuel. For the equipment developments, the installation of a new induction heating coil has produced significant improvements in equipment performance. The process developments include the elimination of a process step and the study of plutonium in the uranium product.


The keystone of TRIZ solving technical contradictions was explained.It describes technical contradictions with 39 normative features,and composes contradiction solving matrix from 40 inventive principles.Toward problem of existing many technical contradiction in inventive design,it was needed to study later transacting method of traditional TRIZ,with helping designer to choose priority of more suitable inventive principles.Using fuzzy synthesis estimate method,we can make decision of commendatory inventive principles by TRIZ.It was given one new method of seeking special solution of TRIZ problem.The instance test of new product indicates that the exploring ability of this method much more stands out the validity of TRIZ in eliminating contradiction.


This paper makes a detailed analysis of English teaching in higher vocational schools.Only on the basis of clear understanding of students' background and psychological characteristics,the effective teaching can be performed.While creating a friendly atmosphere and effective interactive relationship between the teacher and students are the guarantee of successful teaching and learning.The new communicative technology can be used to foster the well communication among them in order to cultivate students' autonomous learning ability.Teachers should turn the teaching process into an open and moving system as well as guide students to make good use of English websites.Meanwhile,English flash programs and other resources can be used to make learning more interesting.


Patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) can undergo inappropriate therapies (shock or antitachycardia pacing) if electrical activity not originating in the ventricle is wrongly recognized as ventricular by the device. Inappropriate therapy leading to shocks is not innocuous; consequences include pain and its psychological sequelae, particularly anxiety, as well as induction of ventricular arrhythmias and decreased battery longevity. Inappropriate therapies might result from (1) detection of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias or (2) oversensing artifacts by the device. To avoid inappropriate therapies due to detection of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, enhanced detection criteria, such as sudden onset and stability, have been developed. Sudden onset refers to the degree of prematurity of the initial beat of tachycardia with respect to the previous ones. Stability refers to the degree of regularity of arrhythmia. If programmed on, both criteria must be met to initiate the therapy. Previous history of atrial fibrillation and NYHA class I should be considered as risks for the occurrence of inappropriate therapies in single-chamber ICD recipients.


For removing wax and reducing viscosity of wax, microbial technology can effectively be used, and thereby, by using this technology, the flow properties of crude oil are improved. In this study, optimization of compound bacteria isolated from oil-contaminated soil and its effect on wax content and particle size are investigated. Moreover, experimental results show that the optimized compound bacteria have the highest cell density value under the optimal conditions. After #11 and #12 compound bacteria are added, the wax content reduces from 21.46% to 8.3%, and the wax removal rate becomes 61.32%. In addition, the polarizing microscope analysis demonstrates that the paraffin is degraded with the bacteria, and its wax crystal micro-structure is changed with the bacteria. Moreover, the focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) shows that the proportion of particles of large diameter is significantly decreased, and that of small ones is increased. Consequently, the flow properties of waxy crude oil are improved. The viscosity changes at different temperatures after treatment with bacteria. Finally, it is found out that at the temperature which is equal to 40 to 45 oC, the rate of viscosity reduction is higher than 60%. Therefore, the paraffinic hydrocarbons of crude oil can be degraded with compound bacteria, and their rheological properties are improved.


Introduction: In addition to having increased mortality and decreased mobility, hip fracture patients are more likely to sustain a second hip fracture than people who have never fractured a hip. There is currently no surgical technique that can be used to instantly strengthen the contralateral femur. Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the mechanical feasibility of augmenting the proximal femur with a novel implant to prevent hip fracture. This involved developing implants to prevent proximal femur fracture and quantifying the effect of the implants on the propensity of femurs to fracture. The secondary objective was to describe the initiation and progression of proximal femur failure during hip fracture to better understand the injury mechanism. Methods: Four cadaveric femurs were fractured in a fall configuration while being filmed with a high-speed camera. Visual analysis of the video images was used to describe the initiation and progression of fracture. Eight implant designs were developed and assessed with a finite-element model of a proximal femur. Of these designs, the Carbon Sleeve and Gamma Nail implants underwent a preliminary experimental assessment using a single pair of femurs. The NeckContouring Composite was further investigated using four pairs of femurs to compare to the Femoroplasty concept, which was assessed with three pairs of femurs. Results: In the hip fracture mechanism experiments, the four femurs were found to fail in a two stage process, with fracture initiating in the superior neck followed by a second failure in the inferior neck or intertrochanteric region. The preliminary experimental assessment of the Carbon Sleeve a nd Gamma Nail implants found that neither had a large effect on femur strength, with differences in failure load between control and augmented femurs of -8% and +1% respectively. The Femoroplasty implants had failure loads that were 24% higher that controls (p = 0.071). The Neck-contouring Composite implants had failure loads that were 18% higher than controls (p = 0.095). Summary and Conclusion: Hip fractures were seen to occur in a two stage process with failure initiating in the superior neck. Although only four specimens were tested, these experiments point to the superior neck as a region of interest for the development of screening tools for hip fracture risk assessment, targeted therapy for bone strengthening and surgical prophylaxis. The augmentation experiments found that it was possible to increase in the strength of the proximal femur by up to 24%.


Web-based interventions in different health areas have been proven to be effective, but show poor adherence rates. The definition of dialogue support elements by Oinas-Kukkonen was used. In this study, the frequency and the effects of dialogue support elements on adherence in 31 interventions are compared. In contrast to other studies, results indicate that dialogue support elements have no effects on adherence in web-based interventions. This could be explained by a reduced model used in this study and poorly implemented or described dialogue support elements in the interventions. Future studies should use more complex models and focus on the effects of separate elements on adherence.


The graphs of cylinder body and its main casting defects were drawn with the AutoCADR14, and the primary casting defects of car cylinder body were indicated by the method of "Part(defects)+Whole(cylinder body)". On this base, after programing with Borland C++ for windows, the customer can make free use of the casting defects graphs. So a visual effect was acquired in the expert system for analysis of casting defects.


The different specifications for limited lateral deformation value of piers in several countris' railway bridge design codes were compared,and it was pointed out that the limited value in foreign standard was not suitable for present condition of Chinese railway bridges and trains.Based on the design code,the elastic lateral deformation at pier top was calculated and conversed to the angle at beam end,and the lateral stiffness of real piers were analazed.The suggested design standard of piers' lateral stiffness which matched with that in certified code was given.


The COVID‐19 pandemic is one of the greatest challenges of our generation. The global spread of the virus is affecting societies' gender dynamics in general and in organizations in particular. Based on ethnographic research being carried out in a police organization in Brazil, this piece discusses how COVID‐19 is impacting hegemonic masculinity in organizations. Police organizations are prototypical hegemonic masculinity organizations. I argue that the COVID‐19 pandemic at first encouraged the performance of the typical police macho masculinity, but as the disease progressed, it created a situation that challenged it. I explore that even though the pandemic threatens macho masculinity in organizations, it is still unclear if an alternative gender dynamic will emerge from this crisis in macho organizations.


Allison Thompson is a resident pharmacist at The University of Chicago Medical Centre, Illinois, US. Andrew Smith is clinical assistant professor for the division of pharmacy practice and administration at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, US. E: firstname.lastname@example.com For patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) managed medically or using a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), clopidogrel has been proved to reduce atherothrombotic events. Patients treated with clopidogrel often have varying responses. At steady state, clopidogrel normally inhibits 40–60% of platelet aggregation, but some patients experience less platelet inhibition than this; they are termed "non-responders". One meta-analysis found that 21% of patients undergoing PCI do not respond to clopidogrel and may be at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. One recently proposed mechanism for clopidogrel non-responsiveness is an interaction between clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), resulting in decreased platelet inhibition. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet agent that causes non-competitive, irreversible inhibition of the P2Y12 receptor on the surface of platelets. Inhibition of this receptor blocks adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from binding and activating glycoproteins IIb and IIIa, thus preventing platelet aggregation. Clopidogrel is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and undergoes biotransformation by several cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in the liver, including 1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 3A4 and 3A5. Studies have suggested that the 2C19 isoenzyme is a major requirement for biotransformation to the active metabolite, evidenced by a reduction in the area under the curve (AUC) of clopidogrel's serum concentration-time graph for patients with a CYP 2C19 polymorphism. For patients who have experienced atherothrombotic events, PPIs can be used to prevent bleeding from pre-existing gastric ulcers or to prevent the formation of new ulcers caused by antiplatelet therapy. All PPIs are metabolised to some extent by CYP 2C19 and 3A4. Omeprazole is not only metabolised by 2C19 but also competitively inhibits it with a 10-fold greater affinity than for the 3A4 isoenzyme. Following the results of several studies that alluded to a possible drug interaction between clopidogrel and PPIs, two large regulatory and professional organisations issued position statements. In May Clopidogrel plus proton pump inhibitors: a therapeutic dilemma


It has been shown that various geometric vision problems such as triangulation and pose estimation can be solved optimally by minimizing L∞ error norm. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for sequential estimation. When a measurement is given at a time instance, applying the original batch bi-section algorithm is very much inefficient because the number of seocnd order constraints increases as time goes on and hence the computational cost increases accordingly. This paper shows that, the upper and lower bounds, which are two input parameters of the bi-section method, can be updated through the time sequence so that the gap between the two bounds is kept as small as possible. Furthermore, we may use only a subset of all the given measurements for the L∞ estimation. This reduces the number of constraints drastically. Finally, we do not have to reestimate the parameter when the reprojection error of the measurement is smaller than the estimation error. These three provide a very fast L∞ estimation through the sequence; our method is suitable for real-time or on-line sequential processing under L∞ optimality. This paper particularly focuses on the triangulation problem, but the algorithm is general enough to be applied to any L∞ problems.


Weather information along roads is needed to reduce the traffic accidents caused by adverse weather and road conditions. Although automatic weather systems (AWS) provide wide-range coverage of weather conditions, collection devices cannot be installed on every road because of the high cost. Thus, we propose a method that extracts weather information using CCTV video data. This method is composed of three processing steps: generating conditional weather patterns using CCTV video data, calculating the similarity, and generating the weather information.


In this paper, we present certain metrics in m-polar fuzzy graphs including antipodal m-polar fuzzy graphs and self median m-polar fuzzy graph of given m-polar fuzzy graphs. We illustrate the concepts of metric in m-polar fuzzy graphs by several examples and investigate some of their properties. We discuss some properties of isomorphic m-polar fuzzy graphs. We also describe an application of m-polar fuzzy graph in a road network.


The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with nitrogenous compounds on rumen dynamics of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage. Five crossbred heifers with average live weight of 180 kg and fitted with rumen cannulae were used. The animals were fed ad libitum with signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.) hay, which had crude protein (CP) content of 4.86% of dry matter (DM). The five treatments were proposed in order to raise the CP level of diets to 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 percentile points above the CP level of the forage. The supplement was a mixture of urea, ammonium sulfate, and albumin (4.5:0.5:1.0, respectively). The experiment was carried out according to a 5 × 5 Latin square design, with five experimental periods. The average CP levels in the diets were: 5.19, 7.11, 8.60, 11.67, and 13.02% on DM basis. The potentially degradable NDF was linearly increased according to the CP levels in diet up to 6.97% of CP. From this point, there was stabilization of estimates (47.87% of NDF). The degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF was linearly increased with the CP levels in diets. The rumen flow of fibrous particles (L) showed a linear-response-plateau pattern according to the CP levels in diets. The plateau (maximum estimate) began on 7.24% of CP. The mean retention time in the rumen and the rumen fill effect of undegradable NDF were affect by the CP levels similarly to L, with plateau (minimum) beginning on 6.90 and 6.97% of CP, respectively.


The article considers the classical theory of public representation in the federative state, observed in works of Russian scientists. The author analyzes theories of public representation and opinions on this problem.


R REVERSAL in direction of the effective stroke of the cilia is very common in the protozoa and occurs frequently in the metazoa, but only certain phases of it have been adequately investigated, and few attempts have been made to ascertain the physiological and environmental factors involved in the phenomenon. Jennings (1899a) found that a variety of stimuli (chemical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal) cause Paramecium momentarily to reverse its direction of locomotion. He further noted (1899, p. 34) that in paramecia put into a I per cent solution of KI the action of the cilia reverses for 6-8 minutes.


BACKGROUND/AIM
Fatty liver disease is increasing in the developed and developing world. Liver metastasis from malignant lymphoma in the fatty liver is poorly understood. In a previous report, we developed color-coded imaging of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of the murine EL4-RFP malignant lymphoma during metastasis, including the lung. In the present report, we investigated the potential and microenvironment of the fatty liver induced by a choline-deficient diet as a metastatic site in this mouse lymphoma model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
C57BL/6-GFP transgenic mice were fed with a choline-deficient diet in order to establish a fatty liver model. EL4-RFP cells were injected in the spleen of normal mice and fatty-liver mice. Metastases in mice with fatty liver or normal liver were imaged with the Olympus SZX7 microscope and the Olympus FV1000 confocal microscope.

RESULTS
Metastases of EL4-RFP were observed in the liver, ascites and bone marrow. Primary tumors were imaged in the spleen at the injection site. The fewest metastases were observed in the fatty liver. In addition, the fewest cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were observed in the fatty liver.

CONCLUSION
The relative metastatic resistance of the fatty liver may be due to the reduced number of CAFs in the fatty livers. The mechanism of the effect of the choline-deficient diet is discussed.


During our fieldwork we found that a great number of ethnic Hungarians who resettled from Vojvodina go to so-called Balkan or Yugo parties in Budapest. This led to questions about what these public occasions mean for the Vojvodinian Hungarians and how they connect to the memory and commemoration of Yugoslavia. Based on this interest, the research has been enlarged: direct questions regarding the Yugo parties were incorporated into the interviews and participatory observation data about five Yugo parties contribute to deeper insight. Yugo parties have been organised in Budapest five times a year since 2002. The primary goal of Yugo parties was to serve as a place and occasion for Vojvodinian Hungarian migrants to meet, to be together, to party. The Yugo party is a "Southern" festivity. "Southern" is understood here as pulsating rhythm, the kolo (circle dance), abandon partying till morning, the foods and the special quality of a feeling of togetherness. The welcoming community atmosphere contributes to the fact that today Yugo parties attract a wider circle of participants, not only the prime target group, i.e. the Hungarians from Vojvodina. Now youngsters who were born in the nineties and came to Hungary to attend high school or university and do not have personal memories of Yugoslavia also go to these parties; in addition, people who travel to Budapest especially for such events from the ex-Yugoslav area; foreigners from different countries, and Hungarians from Hungary. During the interviews, the notion of "nostalgia" often emerged. With the disintegration of Yugoslavia, the strengthening nationalism in the successor states has attempted to sharply distance themselves from the other former constituent six socialist republics of Yugoslavia by emphasizing their ethnic, linguistic, religious and economic differences. At the same time Yugoslavia was described as a failed and artificial state which only tried to supress the birth of independent successor states. Nevertheless in the 1990s, a "Yugonostalgia" emerged. Most research projects primarily study and analyse the content, subject and phenomena of Yugonostalgia in the successor states. According to some researchers, restorative Yugonostalgia has to be distinguished from reflexive Yugonostalgia. Restorative nostalgia can be characterised as the longing for fantasies of an idealised Yugoslav past. In contrast, reflexive Yugonostalgia should rather be interpreted in a political context and can be seen as a reaction to both the destructive forces of nationalist nostalgia and Yugonostalgia as a pejorative marker in the contemporary discourse about former Yugoslavia. Comparing the analyses about Yugonostalgia in the successor states we can identify both some common points and some deviations. The most obvious difference is the absolute lack of a political context or political interests. The other main item of Yugonostalgia, the Tito cult is not present at all in the case of Vojvodinian migrants. The Vojvodinian Hungarians have not participated in either discourse about Yugonostalgia, or in the typical Yugonostalgic manifestations. If nostalgia arises from the desire to sustain the continuity of memory, in case of the Vojvodinian Hungarian migrant community the Yugo party is not only the scene to remember their youth, but it also offers a possibility to live together the continuity of one's individual walk of life – in most cases broken by involuntary migration (forced by the war and its consequences). Above all, we understand the importance of Yugo parties in Budapest in recreating and strengthening a special identity, which differentiates the Vojvodinian Hungarians from the Hungarians in Hungary.


Image-based representations for illumination can capture complex real-world lighting that is difficult to represent in other forms. Current importance sampling strategies for image-based illumination have difficulties in cases where both the illumination and the surface BRDF contain important high-frequency detail – for example, when a specular surface is illuminated by an environment map containing small light sources.
 We introduce the notion of bidirectional importance sampling, in which samples are drawn from the product distribution of both the surface reflectance and the light source energy. While this approach makes the sample selection process more expensive, we drastically reduce the number of visibility tests required to obtain good image quality. As a consequence, we achieve significant quality improvements over previous sampling strategies for the same compute time.


1060 nm continuous-wave and passively Q-switched pulse lasers were demonstrated in a 3.5-mm-thick X-cut Nd:GdPO4 crystal. At an absorbed pump power of 1.91 W, a 1060 nm continuous-wave laser with a maximum output power of 0.72 W and a slope efficiency of 42% was realized. When a Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber with an initial transmission of 85% was used, a passively Q-switched pulse laser with repetition frequency of 6.7 kHz, pulse energy of about 19 µJ, pulse duration of 58 ns, and peak power of 0.33 kW was obtained in a plano-concave cavity with a length of 95 mm and an absorbed pump power of 1.91 W. For a plano-plano cavity with a length of 9 mm and the same pump power, a pulse laser with repetition frequency of 7.2 kHz, pulse energy of about 14.1 µJ, pulse duration of 4.1 ns and peak power of 3.4 kW was obtained.


In this article, we model money-back guarantees (MBGs) as put options. This use of option theory provides retailers with a framework to optimize the price and the return option independently and under various market conditions. This separation of product price and option value enables retailers to offer an unbundled MBG policy, that is, to allow the customer to choose whether to purchase an MBG option with the product or to buy the product without the MBG but at a lower price. The option value of having an MBG is negatively correlated with the likelihood of product fit and with the opportunity to test the product before purchase, and positively correlated with price and contract duration. Simulation of our model reveals that when customers are highly heterogeneous in their product valuation and probability of need-fit, and if return costs are low, an unbundled MBG policy is optimal. When customers have high likelihood of fit or return costs are excessive, no MBG is the best policy. When customers have small variance in product valuation, but vary greatly in likelihood of product fit, the retailer may prefer to offer a bundled MBG contract, extracting consumer surplus by charging a price close to the valuation level.


*† Large-eddy simulations of flow around a circulation control airfoil (using a Coanda jet blowing over its trailing surface) are performed to investigate the influence of jet-nozzle-lip thickness on airfoil performance. The airfoil geometry is only slightly changed from our previous LES study [Nishino et al., Physics of Fluids, Vol. 22, 2010, 125105] to study three different nozzle-lip thickness cases; the geometry inside the nozzle is maintained the same. The results show that the jet profile across the nozzle exit is insensitive to the nozzle-lip thickness; however, the jet flow downstream of the nozzle exit decelerates more rapidly and thus the circulation around the airfoil decreases as the nozzle-lip thickness increases. It is subsequently shown that this effect is mostly cancelled out by adjusting the jet blowing rate in such a way that the difference of momentum loss arising from the nozzle lip is taken into account, demonstrating that the performance of a Coanda jet on a circulation control airfoil is determined not only by the jet momentum at the nozzle exit but also by the momentum loss behind the nozzle lip. These results suggest that it may be useful to define a new jet momentum coefficient that takes account of the momentum loss due to the nozzle lip, which can be roughly estimated once the velocity of the flow above the nozzle lip is known.


Dark and desolate underground parking spaces in commercial facilities are optimal spaces for crime. First, this study reviewed 15 precedent CPTED guidelines and related literatures, and as a result extracted 45 CPTED planning criteria for underground parking facilities. Secondly by field survey, we investigated six parking spaces in commercial facilities whether they were planned properly based on 45 checklist items, in six categories of CPTED principles. In result, target facilities showed average 46.8% relevance ratio, which means less than a half of 45 items of CPTED planning factors were not applied. Guidelines suggest desirable illuminance level of more than 100 lux, however the measurement of illuminance levels in some parking spaces showed below 50 lux. Relatively department stores were keeping CPTED guidelines better than large discount mart and mixed used facilities. Definition of territory of loading dock and customer area should be clarified, clear signage and color scheme in different zones should be represented with higher level of territorial responsibilities and surveillance in mixed used facilities for further improvement.


The paper attempts to reconstruct the room programme of the dismantled valley temple of Sesostris II based on the data preserved on hieratic papyri from the site and a comparison with the mortuary temple of Sesostris III at South Abydos and the ka-chapel at Ezbet Rushdi. A temple inspectional protocol discussed in the study is interpreted as a reference to the valley temple and the eastern temple at the pyramid, the offering hall of which is identified as the 'august chamber' of el-Lahun.


In the theory of urban political economy, space contains the interests of social actors and spatial structure is the reflection of social interest patterns. Therefore, the reconstruction of urban space indicates the adjustment and integration of social interest patterns. During the process of urban spatial reconstruction, some social actors will have conflict on account of land function adjustment, land income apportionment, disposi-tion of land property, land development and management. Currently, land use conflicts deriving from urban spatial reconstruction become one of the urgent issues in the rapid urbanization process, and receive the atten-tion of academic circles, local governments and the public. Studies on types and influencing factors of land use conflicts are the basic premises of many studies. Based on socio-spatial perspective in urban political e-conomy, taking Guangzhou city for instance, the authors select the vital issues of urban spatial reconstruction fields as research objects. The results show that the nature of urban spatial reconstruction is the adjustment of spatial interest patterns, land use conflicts originates from the imbalance of spatial interest distribution, the in-equality of the distribution of land use externalities and the interest incompatibility among different social ac-tors. On the governance of land use conflicts, the government should standardize the operation of public pow-er, balance the interest relation among stakeholders, provide convenient and communication channels and co-operation platforms,and promote urban spatial coordination and integration.


Nickel-based alloys like Inconel 718 occupy a large share in the aerospace industry because of superior mechanical properties. However, Inconel 718 is categorized as a difficult to machine material. Ultrasonic assisted grinding (UAG), a hybrid grinding process has captured the attention of researchers for grinding of Inconel 718 due its inherent capability in overcoming several problems associated with processing difficult to grind (DTG) materials. Lubrication machining is used for hard to machine materials and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is a sustainable method employed to overcome machining problems in such materials. In this context, this work aims to examine UAG of Inconel 718 under different lubrication conditions. Optimization of UAG is necessary in identifying the best parameter combination depending on the process capability of a given machine tool. For this, experimentation using Taguchi L18 orthogonal array parameter design and optimization based on Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) have been performed. The optimization has been performed using grinding forces (tangential force, Ft) and average roughness parameter (Ra) as the output parameters. Additionally, regression models have been developed to enable the prediction of response variables. To determine the factor contribution on output response ANOVA table and S N ratio analysis have been performed on the Grey Relational Grade (GRG). The statistical analysis has revealed feed has the maximum impact on Ra and cutting velocity has the least effect. Similarly, for Ft depth of cut has the maximum effect and cutting velocity has minimum effect. Confirmation experiments reveal that the regression models were able to make accurate predictions under the test conditions.


Due to the lack of a specific design for scenarios such as scale change, illumination difference, and occlusion, current person re-identification methods are difficult to put into practice. A Multi-Branch Feature Fusion Network (MFFNet) is proposed, and Shallow Feature Extraction (SFF) and Multi-scale Feature Fusion (MFF) are utilized to obtain robust global feature representations while leveraging the Hybrid Attention Module (HAM) and Anti-erasure Federated Block Network (AFBN) to solve the problems of scale change, illumination difference and occlusion in scenes. Finally, multiple loss functions are used to efficiently converge the model parameters and enhance the information interaction between the branches. The experimental results show that our method achieves significant improvements over Market-1501, DukeMTMC-reID, and MSMT17. Especially on the MSMT17 dataset, which is close to real-world scenarios, MFFNet improves by 1.3 and 1.8% on Rank-1 and mAP, respectively.


In article, the polyprofessionalism problem during permanent changes in the sphere of employment in the context of a modern social and economic situation is considered. In work an attempt to prove relevance the psikhologo-akmeologicheskikh of researches of polyprofessionalism in the conditions of development of national system of qualifications and updating of professional standards is made, the place and a role of polyprofessional competences in modern labor market is defined, relevance of detailed development of system classification of polyprofessionalism is proved. For the first time this material is presented for discussion of scientific community at the II interregional scientific and practical conference "Urgent problems of modern humanitarian knowledge: the theory, methodology, practice materials", taken place in Institute of management is also right on December 17-18, 2015.


This study examined the combined responses of husbands and wives within 785 Navy families on five subscales from the Moos and Moos (1981) Family Environment Scale (FES) and from the Life Experiences Scale (LES), a measure of life stress developed by Sarason, Johnson, and Siege1 (1978). Respondents were from the U.S. Navy Atlantic Submarine Fleet, Surface Fleet, Air Wing, and Shore Duty Commands. Major findings indicated that FES subscale means for Navy families compared favorably with national normative data reported by Moos and Moos (1981), and FES scores were not affected by the sailors' point in the deployment cycle or type of command assignment. In contrast, LES scores were significantly related to command assignment and point in the deployment cycle, with significantly lower levels of life stress reported for those sailors and wives assigned to shore duty. Finally, level of life stress was significantly related to family environment characteristics, with higher life stress families reporting lower le...


Abstract Background and Aim A low hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level is reported to be predictive of future HBsAg seroclearance. A hospital‐based cohort study was conducted to clarify the clinical features of patients with low HBsAg levels and to demonstrate the usefulness of low HBsAg levels for predicting HBsAg seroclearance. Methods A total of 1459 patients with chronic hepatitis B were included in the study. Of these, 587 had repeated measurements for HBsAg levels and two or more records of HBsAg‐positive results. HBsAg levels were measured with a commercially available HBsAg assay. Based on a cut‐off index (COI) of 2000, a high HBsAg level was defined as HBsAg ≥2000 COI, and a low HBsAg level was defined as HBsAg <2000 COI. Results The proportion of patients with low HBsAg levels at baseline tended to increase with age. Patients with low HBsAg levels at baseline had significantly older age, lower transaminase levels, and lower hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels than those with high HBsAg levels. The annual HBsAg seroclearance rate was 1.30%/year. The cumulative incidences of HBsAg seroclearance differed significantly by HBsAg level at baseline (<2000 vs ≥2000 COI), age (≥50 vs <50 years), and HBV DNA level (<4.0 vs ≥4.0 log copies/mL). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that low HBsAg level (<2000 COI) and low HBV DNA level (<4.0 log copies/mL) were significantly associated with HBsAg seroclearance. Conclusion Aging was one of the factors affecting HBsAg level. HBsAg seroclearance was significantly associated with low HBsAg level and low HBV DNA level at baseline.


Despite the successes that have been scored in the technical development of the national economy, the link responsible for realizing in production the attainments of scientific-technical progress continues to be the weakest link in the "research-production" chain. The reasons for this state of affairs lie primarily in imperfections in the economic mechanism. At the Twenty-fifth Congress of the CPSU, L. I. Brezhnev noted that the revolution in science and technology "requires the improvement of planning and economic incentives in order to create conditions that promote to the maximum the most rapid progress of new ideas along the entire chain — from invention to mass production — and that provide a reliable economic safeguard against the manufacture of obsolete products."


A resonance domain blazed grating, composed of an effective medium structure and a subsequent mode conversion layer, is designed, fabricated, and characterized. Due to the demanding high aspect ratio geometries, a technological approach for multilevel structures, assisted by atomic layer deposition technology, has been developed. The measured efficiency of about 90% exhibits the largest value yet reported for a multi-level fused silica transmission grating in the resonance domain, operating at non Littrow mounting, close to normal incidence.


Medieval society was constantly attempting to negotiate the loss associated with a society centered on warfare and military campaigns. Since women had little active role to play in military campaigns, it is not surprising that widowhood is likely to have been a significant occurrence both statistically and economically in medieval society. The depiction of widows and their extreme melancholia in many medieval narratives raises a number of important questions abopt the actual conception of widowhood in medieval culture. The treatment ofloss (be it political, economic, social, psychological, whatnot.) is a central concern of these narratives, and the widow is the central figure from which these narratives explore its expression. Through a close historical analysis of Yvain's poignantly dramatic widow, Laudine, and the ways she and her community react to her loss, we can perhaps gain a better understanding ofwhy these narratives seem both fascinated and threatened by the widow. Furthermore, several other important clements in the treatment of widows and the gender power dynamics at work in these narratives come more sharply into focus when we include a psychoanalytic perspective of Yvain and the Alliterative Morte Artlzure. Both of these texts raise unique concerns about issues of gender and loss in medieval society. One of the most constant features of life in medieval England was the presence of war, with its attendant costs in human life and material goods. When we include common soldiers along with their captains and the well-publicized and highly mortal peers, even minor skinnishes left dead and disabled hundreds, and, in the occasional pitched battle, totals that ran into the thousands (Neville 101). Since women had little active role to play in military campaigns, it is not surprising that widowhood is likely to have been a significant occurrence both statistically and economically in medieval society. In light of the significance ofwidows in medieval society, the presence of widows in medieval romances should also not be all that striking. The depiction ofwidows and their extreme melancholia in many medieval narratives raises a number of important questions about the actual conception of widowhood in medieval culture. The treatment of loss (be it political, economic, social, psychological, whatnot.) is a central concern ofthese narratives, and the widow is the central figure from which these narratives explore its expression. Through a close historical analysis of Yvain's poignantly dramatic widow, Laudine, and the ways she and her community react to her loss, we can perhaps gain a better understanding ofwhy these narratives seem both fascinated and threatened by the widow. Furthermore, several other important clements in the treatment of widows and the gender power dynamics at work in these narratives come more sharply into focus when we include a psychoanalytic perspective of Yvain and the Allitcrativc A{artc Arthurc. Both of these texts raise unique concerns about issues of gender and loss in medieval society.


From the analysis of pitched roof cracks a bottom-frame comprehensive building causes are found out as following: improper design of reinforcement for contraction concrete, inconformity of calculation model with practical loading conditions, improper structural measures, deformation of structural system due to temperature, insufficient rigidity of structural members, improper placing and treatment of construction joints, too big space between distributed reinforcement, improper placing of bars in slab, too big water cement ratio, insufficient support by formwork, being vibrated during initial setting of concrete and improper construction maintenance. Total control must be given to the structural design and construction in order to enhance concrete density and avoid cracking in concrete. Different treatment measures are taken according to different cracks distribution. A measure combination of local reinforcement for crossing cracks and entire cast-in-place sandwich panel on the pitched roof is taken.These measures are proved to be effective by years of testing.


Abstract This article describes one apparently paradoxical course of development of the concept of bureaucracy within Marxism. The paradox has to do with the striking difference between the role attributed to bureaucrats by Marx and by a number of prominent members of the heretics from the Marxist tradition. In Marx's own analysis of contemporary societies, bureaucracies were rarely given a central and never a primary role. In his portrayal of the future society, bureaucrats were swept from the stage altogether. In the writings of Trotsky and theorists of a new bureaucratic class, bureaucrats have come to play a central and ultimately the central role. The argument of the article is that both elements of the paradox stem from precisely the same set of theoretical commitments, in particular the same combination of claims as to what the fundamental activities and actors in societies are, what are the dynamic forces in societies and what is the destination of modern societies. Notwithstanding serious and muc...


Understanding people flow on a macroscopic scale requires reconstructing it from various forms of existing fragmentary spatiotemporal data. This article illustrates a process for reconstructing such data using existing person-trip survey data.


Objective: To study the pathogenic bacteria distribution of ascites and drug sensitivity analysis in liver cirrhosis with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Methods: Retrospective analysis the clinical data of the 78 cases of liver cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from June 2011 to June 2013,including gender,age, their corresponding bacterial distribution and drug sensitivity. Results: 31 pathogens were isolated from 78 cases and the isolation rate was 39. 74%. Ascites infection with G-bacterial distribution accounted for 61. 29%,isolation rate of the top five pathogens were Escherichiacoli, Staphylococcus Aureus, Klebsiella, Coagulase-negative staphylococcus. Conclusion: Liver cirrhosis patients are susceptible to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, a reasonable choice of antibiotics should be based on the susceptibility,also effective preventive measures should be taken to reduce spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.


One of the main issues of Mobile IPv6 is handover latency that causes service disruption time. Although plenty of proposals significantly reduce the service disruption time provided the networks are well-overlapped, it is still recognizable in the handover between insufficiently overlapping networks or non-overlapping networks. In this paper, we propose a new scheme to minimize the service disruption in handover between domains. Our proposed scheme consists of new care-of address anticipation, buffering in access routers and signaling to invoke packet forwarding. In evaluation, we evaluate our scheme in the view of service disruption time, and finally, we clarify the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.


OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS The COVID-19 pandemic caused large organizations and institutions to adapt their decision-making procedures and hierarchical structures to address pandemic-specific concerns. By examining a large public university, we found that effective adaptation occurred through restructuring the decision-making processes, coordinating decisions between departments, and effective monitoring of prior decisions. When considering the COVID-19 pandemic as a fundamental surprise event, our work identified strategies and decision-making that both maintained and increased adaptive capacity through the course of such an event. Through this case study, we highlight decisions that can be made by similar large organizations, to increase adaptive capacity when they are faced with similar surprise events. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions for institutions of higher education around the world. In response to these disruptions, academic institutions adapted policies and standard operations to continue providing learning for students. Purpose We conducted a case study examining a large public university in the United States, wherein the COVID-19 pandemic had drastic effects on the university decision-making structure. We aimed to obtain insights into how a restructuring of this university's decision-making hierarchy in response to the pandemic ultimately increased adaptive capacity. Methods We used semi-structured interviews of 11 participants to identify key areas of organizational adaptation and qualitative content analysis of these interviews to identify key themes within the data. Results Identified themes pertained to adaptations at multiple levels of organizational scale, including decision-making hierarchical structure, general preparedness for a fundamental surprise event, allocation of resources during the pandemic, and monitoring of policy effectiveness. Conclusions Results from our case study identify how a large public university adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic as a fundamental surprise event. These findings offer guidance for similar organizations to actualize adaptive capacity across different levels of scale.


Contents: Government without purpose - Social contract theories and Africa - The false start - Nation-state building - Failed and successful governance - Democratic institutions - Re-constitution - Consociationalism and constitutionalism.


We consider a model where TV channels transmit advertising, and viewers dislike such commercials. We find that the less differentiated the TV channels' programs are, the lower is the amount of advertising in equilibrium. Relative to the social optimum, there is underprovision of advertising if TV channels are sufficiently close substitutes. In such a situation, a merger between TV channels may lead to more advertising and thus improve welfare. A publicly owned TV channel can partly correct market distortions, in some cases by having a larger amount of advertising than a private TV channel. It may actually have advertising even in cases where it is wasteful per se


Previous studies confirmed that maladaptive coping strategies are strongly connected to job burnout. However, little is known about the association between coping strategies and student burnout and the differences between high and low burnout adolescents in the frequency of using them. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between strategies of coping with stress and school burnout among Polish high school students. 230 adolescents from Poland (25.7% boys) aged 17–20 (M = 18.25, SD = 0.45) participated in the study. The Polish version of SSBS scale for assessment of the level of school burnout and the Brief Cope Inventory were used. School burnout was significantly associated with lower level of problem-focused coping strategies and higher level of emotion-focused maladaptive coping strategies. Statisticalanalysis confirmed the significant differences in the frequency of using maladaptive coping strategies between high and low burnout students. Regression analysis revealed that lower positive reframing and higher self-blame were the strongest predictors of school burnoutlevel. In the final regression model, 17% of variances in SSBS total score was explained by such coping strategies as: positive reframing, turning to religion, searching for emotional support and denial and venting. We confirmed the significant role of maladaptive coping strategies inincreasing burnout among young people. The findings also indicated that in preventing high school students' burnout, more attention should be paid to enhancement of problem-focused coping strategies such as positive reframing, turning to religion and emotional support.


LECTURE V.-M171onday,, February 27//i. THE general characters of the milk-teeth in the Gorilla are nearly the same as in Man. The canine is in all the Anthropoid Apes very late in development, not appearing until after the second permanent molar, and sometimes not till after the third. This difference from the development in Man appears to be connected with the great size of the canine in the Apes, whiclh requires a longer period for its growth; and with its function, which is that of a weapon of offence and defence, and which is not exercised before the animal arrives at maturity. In the female Anthropoid Apes, Rolleston has pointed out that the canine appears in order of time between the second and third molars. In the male Chimpanzee and Orang, it is delayed till after the third molar. The habits and food of the Chimpanzee (Troglodytes Niger) are very similar to those of the Gorilla. The teeth have the same general characters as in that animal, but are more like those of Man. The canines are rather less developed than in the Gorilla; but there is the same sexual difference. The last prermolar sometimes has connate roots. In the Orang (Simia), a purely vegetable feeder, the general form of the jaw is the same as in the Gorilla. The incisors are smaller, and the canines are more developed. The teeth of the molar series are tolerably even in size; but, instead of presenting distinct tubercles, the surface is comparatively smooth, having a dendritic furrowed appearance; and below this, in the dentine, there are indications of cusps. The first molar presents an indication of the oblique ridge of enamel met with in Man. The incisor teeth in the Gibbon (Hylobates) are rather less prominent than in the Orang. The canines are very long and narrow. The molars have the same general characters as in the other members of the group, but are perhaps more like those in Man. The true molars have the oblique ridge of enamel. There are not many fossil remains of Anthropoid Apes; but, in a fragment of a lower jaw found in the South of France, belonging to an animal named the Dryopithecus, the characteristic molars and praemolars are present, and the canines are large. All the other OldWorld Monkeys-the Cercopithecidoe-have the same number of teeth as the Simiidae; the dental formula being i 2, c 1 p 2, m 3. They present, however, many modifications. The Semnopithecus and Colobus have the stomach arranged in sacculi, very like the human colon. No explanation of this peculiar arrangement has as yet been given. The Semnopithecus Entellus of India has four incisors, having the same proportions as in Man. The canines are much developed, and have a longitudinal groove in the front. The first upper prremolars are rather large, and have a projecting ridge anteriorly; the two cusps are not quite so distinct as in the other genera. The true molars are nearly equal in size, and have four cusps; there is no indication of the oblique ridge, but a transverse ridge connects the anterior and posterior cusps, leaving a valley between them-an arrangement which is very common in herbivora. The first lower praemolar is larger than the rest; the inner cusp is nearly lost, being almost reduced to a cingulum. The second has two nearly equal cusps. The true molars increase in size from the first to the last. The general characters of the teeth in the Cercopithecus are the same as above described; but the additional cusp is wanted in the last lower molar. One species has only three cusps. The Macacus has a more dog-like face than the Monkeys above mentioned, but the teeth are alike. The last molar presents the fifth cusp. In the Baboons, the incisors are very prominent, and are at a distance from the canines. The latter have a very deep groove on the anteiior surface. The praomolars and molars have the usual arrangement; and accessory cusps are often present, giving somewhat of the appearance of the Pig's tooth. The oblique line on the molars is entirely absent. The first lower praemolar has the anterior part of the crown and the anterior root much developed. The next praemolar is comparatively small. The molars increase from the first to the last. The New World Mlonkeys are divided into two groups-Cebidoe and Hapalidoe-each of which has a distinct dental formula. The formula in the Cebidce is i 22, c l, p 3, m3 =36. The typical animal of the group, the Cebus or Capuchin Monkey, has incisors of the same general character as in the higher Monkeys and in Man. The canines are well developed and conical, and the upper one has a cingulum. The three przemolars are much alike, and are tricuspid; but each has only one root, or perhaps two connate roots. The molars have four cusps, and diminish from the first to the last. Some animals of the group have an indication of the oblique ridge. In the Spider Monkey, the upper molars resemble those of Man and the Anthropoid Apes: the lower molars are somewhat different. In the Cebid&e, then, the proemolars, instead of having three roots in the upper jaw and two in the lower, have apparently single roots-indicating a return towards the human type. The first lower prmmolar is never developed as it is in the Baboon. There is a further tendency to the higher type in the presence of the oblique ridge on the molars, and in the diminution of size of the last true molar.


This research takes a closer look at the distribution structure and systems of ZARA, assess the strengths and weaknesses of its distribution channels, and propose countermeasures to overcome such weaknesses. ZARA successfully expanded its stores around the world due to the fact that it located ongoing social trends and quickly responded to such changes. Interactive communication between store managers and the creative team at headquarters is the secret behind ZARA's success.
ZARA embraces all the strengths that Fast Fashion holds. Upon visiting ZARA stores, customers can find a large variety of trendy items. As such, customers are able to feel new every time they visit the store. This is mainly due to the fact that ZARA responds quickly to customer reactions by directly checking on stores. Store managers continuously check customer responses through hand-held devices that holds product information. However, some customers complain that they have had an experience where they revisited to purchase a product they had seen previously but were disappointed to hear from the staff that the product was not available anymore. This research suggests the use of online channel to control leftover inventory, and entering department stores for the benefits of enjoying luxury image of department store.


? Objective The protection effects of 17β estradiol on vascular endothelial cells(VECs) injured by interleukin 6 were studied.Methods Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release and angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) level were measured.Results Interleukin 6(IL 6) can increase production of ACE and LDH.When 17β estradiol was added to culture media before IL 6,the level of ACE and LDH showed normal.However,when tamoxifen and 17β estradiol were added,level of ACE and LDH were similar with the group of IL 6.Conclusions IL 6 can induce the endothelial cells injury in dose dependent manner.Estradiol is able to protect VECs injury by IL 6.But tamoxifen is able to block the effects. 〔


: We report first-principles electronic structure calculations on the structural and electronic-spin behaviours of Fe-bearing MgSiO 3 crystals up to the pressure of Earth's mantle. The transition pressure of the Fe-bearing MgSiO 3 from the orthorhombic perovskite (OPv) to the orthorhombic post-perovskite (OPPv) phase decreases with increasing Fe concentration. The lattice distortion has impacts on the electronic-spin behaviour of the Fe ions in the PVs. The spin-polarizations of the Fe ions in the (Fe,Mg)SiO 3 OPvs and OPPvs keep unchanged up to the pressures in the lower mantle. Meanwhile the Fe-bearing MgSiO 3 OPv containing Fe Mg -Fe Si pairs exhibits multiple magnetic moments co-existing in a large pressure range (from about 78 to 110 GPa), and finally becomes non-magnetic at pressure higher than 110 GPa. These results provide a mechanism to understand the recent experimental results about Fe valence states and the electronic transitions of the Fe-bearing MgSiO 3 under high pressure . The calculations have shown that the transition from the to the OPPv phase decreases as the Fe concentration increases. The Fe 2+ ions in the (Mg,Fe)SiO 3 crystals have the high-spin (S=4/2 for Fe 3d 6 ) at pressure up to that of the Earth's mantle. Electronic transitions have found for the (Mg,Fe)(Si,Fe)O 3 OPv Fe Si -Fe Mg pair-like The energy differences of different magnetic Fe these multiple-valences of Fe


Objective To study the effect of extract of leave ginkgo biloba (EGb) for protection of the motor and sensory neurons axotomy-induced in rats. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180- 220 g (8- 9 weeks of age), were randomly divided into control group and EGb24/6 group. Models of sciatic nerve injury were established by transection of left sciatic nerve at 0.5 cm away from the points of muscular innervation. The proximal stump of sciatic nerve was double ligated to inhibit nerve regeneration. The distal end of the nerve was implanted into the biceps femoris. Then 2 ml of normal saline was given to control group, and 2 ml of EGb24/6 to the EGb24/6 groups daily. The rats were sacrificed in 7,14,28 days after surgery respectively, and then 4% paraformaladehyde was perfused transcardially. The L4- 6 spinal cord and L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were harvested. HE staining and CV technique were used for detection of the motor neurons and compared with contra-lateral side. TUNEL technique was used for detection of apoptotic motor and sensory neurons. Eletron microscopic technique was used for observation of change of L5 DRG neurons. Result The number of motor neurons was significantly higher in EGb24/6 group in each postoperative period than that in control group (P 0.01). The number of apoptotic neurons (motor and sensory) were significantly less in EGb24/6 in all postoperative periods than that in control group(P 0.05). A series of changes happened with the lapse of time in the control group. The size of the nucleus decreased and nucleoplasm was scattered. The nucleolus was pale. Edema, loss of crest and matrix were found in the mitochondria. Satellite cells detached from the neuron cell body. The ultrastructure of L5 DRG sensory neurons in EGb24/6 group changed nearly normal following nerve injury. Conclusion This study demonstrated that EGb seemed to be possible to protect neurons and decrease the neuronal apoptosis.


Mallomonas kuzminii sp. nov. is described from an oligotrophic lake located in Russia, East Siberia, Northern Baikal region. The description is based on silica-scale morphology studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. This new species belongs to the section Mallomonas and has several types of scales with or without dome. The form of the scales, the strongly hooded V-rib, and a dome with ribs surrounded by the extensions of the anterior rib, are the main features which distinguish this new taxon from the other species of the section.


This article explores some visual narratives of the architectural landscape of Alma-Ata city (modern Almaty). Historical narratives produced or studied by historians in the text are no less vividly and distinctly manifested in the visual sphere. In many ways, this can be attributed to the design of urban space and its architecture. Architecture not only directly depends on the socio-political, ideological, and symbolic regime, but often creates it. Being a product of the era, a zone of perception and reflection of its impulses, the architectural landscape of the city creates a socio-cultural space, which in turn forms the mental background for the inhabitants of this city. Knowledge about cities is a special subject field for comparative urban studies, including a culturalanthropological and ethnographic basis. The article attempts to describe the two main architectural narratives of the city of Almaty (Stalinist Empire style and Soviet modernism) and their projections in the space of historical memory, as well as the relationship of these narratives with the corresponding ideologies (imperial geopolitical ambitions of the USSR in the post-war period and the ideology of modernism of the 60-80s biennium). The problem of updating the cultural heritage of Soviet architecture in the historical memory of the Kazakh society is also posed.


We consider a consumption, investment, life insurance, and retirement decision problem in which an economic agent is allowed to borrow against only a part of future income. The closed-form solution is attained by applying a dual approach that directly imposes the conditions for the borrowing limit on a dual value function. We provide analytic comparative statics for optimal strategies with rigorous proofs. It is confirmed that a more stringent borrowing limit leads to less consumption and less life insurance purchase. However, even with a tighter borrowing limit, an agent with weak incentive to retire can invest more when the wealth level is high enough. We also show that a more stringent borrowing limit can delay or hasten the optimal retirement timing depending on the agent's current wealth level.


Burnups can cause major structural changes in the edge of the fuel rod and a general degradation of the thermal conductivity. In irradiated mixed oxide fuels of UO_2, PuO_2 with NpO_2 as fission products (FP) various chemical states depending on the conditions of the fuel is developed. This work, we firstly applied the MD relation to obtain the thermal conductivity of UO_2, PuO_2, and (U, Pu) O_2 in temperature range of 300–2000 K. Lattice parameter, Burnup and the thermal conductivity were then calculated for specified UO_2 and PuO_2. This calculation relates the degradation of thermal conductivity with a number of pores and increasing temperature. Finally, the migration energy barrier and the recovery energies of the obstruction type defects were calculated with molecular dynamics simulation.


only relatively recent innovation in Pueblo social organization and that all other elements emerged prior to the thirteenth century. As with any attempt at a grand synthesis, there are points over which readers will disagree. For example, to this reviewer, the notions that unit pueblo architecture necessarily reflects matrilineal and matrilocal kinship, that Chaco Canyon was a step in the gradual emergence of Eastern Pueblo social organization, and that depopulation of the San Juan was not accompanied by social transformation, all seem out of step with current evidence. Ware's explicitly functionalist approach also leaves many important questions related to the process of social evolution unasked and unanswered. Nevertheless, A Pueblo Social History succeeds in demonstrating the continued relevance of traditional social anthropology for U.S. Southwest archaeology and in arguing that convincing accounts of Pueblo history need, in a sense, to "derive" the social organizations observed by early anthropologists. Ware's book should provide a springboard for the continued development of a historical anthropology of the Pueblos. Hopefully, future studies will bring a wider range of evidence and more recent theoretical perspectives to bear on the kinds of questions Ware addresses here.


: Mouse liver microsomal lipid peroxidation and antioxidant effect of a tocopherol at the low oxygen concentration close to that in the cells (20-50 m M) was examined. The endogenous a -tocopherol level in liver microsomes of mice fed a vitamin E-deficient diet was 50 ng/mg protein. The level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) of the microsomal suspension on treatment with ADP/Fe(II) ion in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) at 37 ℃ and at 270 m M O 2 gradually increased to reach a plateau at 14 nmol/mg protein after 60 min. The maximum level of TBARS was decreased to 6 nmol/mg protein at 34 m M O 2 , indicating that lipid peroxidation was suppressed to about 1/2 at the limited O 2 concentration. The 50% inhibition concentration of the exogenously added a -tocopherol against the TBARS formation was almost linearly decreased as the O 2 concentration decreased, 2.8 m M a -tocopherol at 270 m M O 2 and 0.2 m M a -tocopherol at 34 m M O 2 . Above results indicate that the degree of lipid peroxidation is lower and the antioxidant effect of a -tocopherol is much higher at the limited O 2 concentration than those at the atmospheric O 2 concentration.


A new control method for real time digital control of the single-phase PWM inverter for UPS applications is presented. An approach for combining the deadbeat control and the fuzzy logic compensator is proposed. Using the state variables measured at every sampling time, the controller calculates the inverter pulse width for the next sampling time. The fuzzy logic controller is used to compensate for the voltage drop due to nonlinear loads. The proposed control scheme is verified by simulations for nonlinear load conditions, sudden load changes, and system parameter variations. The control approach provides excellent transient response, low total harmonic distortion (THD) and robustness for parameter variation.<<ETX>>


CLIC is a multi-TeV electron-positron linear collider currently under study. To reach the desired high luminosity, stringent alignment requirements should be satisfied, particularly for the Main Beam Quadrupoles (MBQ). An alignment stage will align the MBQ with micrometre resolution. Displacements due to ground motion and technical vibrations in the 0.1-100 Hz frequency range can however not be corrected with the alignment stage. An active vibration isolation system, based on piezoelectric actuators and inertial reference masses, will therefore be installed between the mechanical alignment stage and the magnet. This system can also be used for relative repositioning in between beam pulses with nanometre resolution and with a range of 10 micrometre. Compatibility between the actuating support, the alignment, fiducialisation and beam position measurements (BPM) should however be guaranteed. The actuating support should, in the same way as the alignment system, be robust against forces acting on the quadrupole and displacements created by the active support should not upset the initial alignment. Stiff piezo actuators with a fast response are therefore combined with flexural mechanisms and joints to create a guide for very precise displacements, to eliminate backlash and friction and to increase the frequency of internal modes. Precise measurement of the relative displacements and a good analysis of the kinematics are essential to ensure that the alignment of the MBQ is always well known. The performance and precision reached with a prototype of the actuating supports and a comparison between different solutions will be presented in this paper.


Objective: To develop and validate limited sampling strategies (LSSs) for tacrolimus in pediatric li ver transplant recipients. Methods: Thirty-six 12-hour pharmacokinetic profiles from 28 pediatric liver transplant recipients (0.4-18.5 years) were collected. Tacrolimus concentrations were measured by immunoassay and area under the curve (AUC 0_12) was determined by trapezoidal mie. LSSs consisting of 1, 2, 3, or 4 concentration-time points were developed using multiple regression analysis. Eight promising models (2 per category) were selected based on the following criteria: 1?- 2: 0.90, inclusion of trough concentration ( C 0), and time points within 4 hours postdose. The predictive performance ofthese LSSs was evaluated in an independent set of data by measuring the mean prediction error and the root mean squared prediction error . Results: Five models including 2-4 time points predicted AUC 0_ 12 with a ± 15% error limit. Bias (mean prediction error) and precision (root mean squared prediction error) ofLSS involving C 0, Ci, and C4 (AUCpredicted = 9.30 + 3.69 X Co+ 2.19 X C1 + 4.69 X C4) were -4.98% and 8.29%, respectively. Among single time point LSSs, the mode! using C 0 had a poor correlation with AUC 0_ 12 (1?- = 0.53), whereas the one with C 4 had the highest correlation with tacrolimus exposure (1?- = 0.84). Conclusions: Trough concenh·ation is a poor predictor of tacroli mus AUCa- 12 in pediah·ic liver transplant recipients. However, LSSs using 2-4 concentration-time points obtained within 4 hours post dose provide a reliable and convenient method to predict tacrolimus exposure in this population. The proposed LSSs represent an im portant step that will allow the undertaking of prospective trials aiming to better define tacrolimus target AUC in pediatric liver transplant recipients and to determine whether AUC-guided moni toring is superior to C 0 -based monitoring in terms of efficacy and safety. strategies (Ther Monit


372 Saudi Journal of Anesthesia / Volume 11 / Issue 3 / July‐September 2017 Sir, Electrical storm (ES) characterized by the occurrence of three or more distinct episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation in 24 h is a challenging entity to manage.[1] The various treatment options include correction of the causative factors, antiarrhythmic therapy, use of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD), and cardiac sympathetic denervation. Here, we describe a case of chronic kidney disease (CKD) who presented with ES and was managed successfully by ultrasound (USG)‐guided left stellate ganglion block (LSGB).


A large-area plasma generator is being developed at IPP (Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik) in Garching for the second neutral beam injector on ASDEX-Upgrade, scheduled for operation in 1997. With an RF power of less than 120 kW, a 55 kV, 88 A hydrogen beam was produced in a series of 120 pulses with 5 s pulse length. The use of a Faraday shield inside the original quartz vessel greatly improved the reliability of the source operation.


The multicomponent Petasis reaction is a versatile method to access functionalized amines. The combination of Petasis reaction with subsequent ring-closing reactions is a powerful strategy to build novel polycyclic scaffolds. In this study, we report the generation of a diverse set of small molecules with polycyclic scaffolds featuring a high content of sp3-hybridized carbon atoms and multiple stereogenic centers by employing three-component Petasis reaction (3C-PR)—Intramolecular Diels–Alder (IMDA) and 3C-PR—ring-closing metathesis (RCM)—IMDA sequence reactions. This work demonstrates the wide substrate tolerance and broad applicability to access unexplored polycyclic scaffolds of biological interest using Petasis sequence reactions.


Since the events of 9/11, there have been considerable concerns and associated efforts to prevent or respond to acts of terrorism. Very often we hear calls to reduce the threat from or correct vulnerabilities to various terrorist acts. Others fall victim to anxiety over potential scenarios with the gravest of consequences involving hundreds of thousands of casualties. The problem is complicated by the fact that planners have limited, albeit in some cases significant, resources and less than perfect intelligence on potential terrorist plans. However, valuable resources must be used prudently to reduce the overall risk to the nation. A systematic approach to this process of asset allocation is to reduce the overall risk and not just an individual element of risk such as vulnerabilities. Hence, we define risk as a function of three variables: the threat (the likelihood and scenario of the terrorist act), the vulnerability (the vulnerability of potential targets to the threat), and the consequences (health and safety, economic, etc.) resulting from a successful terrorist scenario. Both the vulnerability and consequences from a postulated adversary scenario can be reasonably well estimated. However, the threat likelihood and scenarios are much more difficult to estimate. A possible path forward ismore » to develop scenarios for each potential target in question using experts from many disciplines. This should yield a finite but large number of target-scenario pairs. The vulnerabilities and consequences for each are estimated and then ranked relative to one another. The resulting relative risk ranking will have targets near the top of the ranking for which the threat is estimated to be more likely, the vulnerability greatest, and the consequences the most grave. In the absence of perfect intelligence, this may be the best we can do.« less


This file contains 1075 logical records and comes with a two-volume users guide. The file includes data from a large-scale demographic survey of family formation and aspects of population change in the metropolitan area of Melbourne Australia. The survey which was carried out in 1971 involved interviews with 2652 once-married women who were under 60 years of age and were still living with their husbands. "The interview covered fertility with emphasis on oral contraception; contraceptive change over time; attitudes to sexual mores; the desire at each family level for an additional marginal child; the effect of female employment on fertility and fertility control; the life cycle of families as children are born reared educated employed and leave home; the impact of monetary and other incentives to change fertility levels; the effect of ideas such as zero population growth; and ideas about and reactions to population and migrational change." In addition "special questions were included for use in constructing psychosocial indices of fertility and fertility control practices. Background variables were residential mobility type of current residence and ownership status; demographic and other information about family of origin; contact with relatives; own and husbands education work history and income; birthplace and racial origin of self husband and parents of both; duration of residence in Melbourne; type of community lived in during adolescence; and religion." (EXCERPT)


Abstract : Current and temperature measurements are presented from instruments deployed during October and November of 1979, southeast of the Grand Banks in North Atlantic, between 37 N and 41 N and between 42 W and 47 W. The measurements were made as part of two concurrent experiments, the Gulf Stream Extension (GSE) and the Norwegian Sea Overflow Intrusion (NSOI) arrays. Data from the current meters are presented in statistical tables and graphically as scatter plots, histograms, progressive vector plots, spectral plots and time series plots. Filtered time series are shown in composite displays. Data from XBT, CTD and T/Ps are also presented graphically.


An amplifier with a gain-bandwidth product up to 1GHz using localized positive feedback and nonlinearity correction will be reported. Linearity for a 1V p-p output signal is 0.1% over a gain range that is externally programmable from zero to above 100.


Open source has given us many innovations. This article provides an overview of the most important innovations and illustrates the impact that open source is having on the software industry and beyond. The main innovations of open source can be grouped into four categories: legal, process, tool, and business models. Probably the best known innovations are open source licenses, which also define the concept. Software becomes open source if users receive it under an open source license. Discusses each of these categories in detail and explains their significance for open source development.


March 30, 1971 Redundancy — Redundancy payment — Calculation — Contract of employment with normal working hours — Payment of allowance for time and expense for employee travelling from home to remote place of work — Whether to be taken into account — Contracts of Employment Act, 1963 (c. 49), Sch. 2, para. 2(1) (2) — Redundancy Payments Act, 1965 (c. 62),s. 1(1), Sch. 1, para. 5(2).


Research in the livestock industries in which animals have frequent contact with humans has shown that human-animal interactions can limit the productivity and welfare of these farm animals. Many of these interactions are routinely and, at times, habitually used by stock-people. While these interactions may appear harmless to the animals, this research has shown that the frequent use of some of these routine behaviours by stock-people can result in farm animals becoming highly fearful of humans. It is these high fear levels, through stress, that appear to limit animal productivity and welfare. This research has also shown that one of the antecedents of stock-person behaviour is the attitude of the stock-person towards interacting with his or her farm animals. Intervention studies in the dairy and pig industries have shown the potential of cognitive-behavioural intervention techniques designed to specifically target those attitudes and behaviours of stock-people that affect animal fear and, in turn, animal productivity.


This paper compares patterns of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) for Japan and China over similar periods of their integration into the global economy. From a statistical perspective, China's recent pattern of OFDI flows (2004 to 2010) differ from Japan's OFDI flows during a similar period of growth and emergence onto the world scene (1976 – 1982). While acknowledging that the world economy is a much different place today than it was in 1982, we nevertheless argue that these differences in OFDI flows constitute an important component in any understanding of the nature of development followed by these two important Asian economies. JEL classifications: F2, F3