Summary. The seeds of lablab (Lablab purpureus) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) were investigated as supplements for young sheep. In experiment 1, rumen-cannulated sheep were offered low quality roughage ad libitum alone or supplemented with about 5, 10 or 20 g/kg liveweight whole lupin or lablab seed. Rumen ammonia concentrations were increased by each level of both supplements, and the increases were greater with lupins than with lablab. The pH of rumen fluid was decreased by both supplements, particularly when the higher levels were fed. Dry matter of broken seeds of both legume species rapidly disappeared from synthetic fibre bags incubated in the rumen. Roughage dry matter disappearance from synthetic fibre bags decreased (P<0.05) when 20 g/kg liveweight lupins was fed, and this level of both supplements reduced (P<0.05) roughage intake. Total dry matter intake was increased more by lablab than by lupins, but dry matter and organic matter digestibility tended to be increased to a lesser extent by lablab. Overall, digestible organic matter intake and liveweight gain were increased to similar extents by both supplements. Wool growth was lower (P<0.05) with lablab than lupins, particularly at the highest level of supplementation, suggesting that availability of some amino acids was lower with lablab supplement. In experiment 2, rumen-cannulated sheep were fed low quality roughage ad libitum and supplemented with about 10 g/kg liveweight of either lupin or lablab seed. Lectins and protease inhibitors present in the lablab seed disappeared rapidly from synthetic fibre bags incubated in the rumen. In conclusion the nutritional value of lablab seed as a supplement for sheep fed low quality roughage was similar to that of lupin seed for liveweight gain, but was lower for wool growth.


A novel design of small footprint SCR clamps is proposed and validated using mixed-mode numerical analysis. The clamps combine the transient voltage detection driver with either conventional or dual base controlled SCR device. Both low voltage SCR and high voltage NLDMOS-SCR based clamp designs are studied.


This article was carried out through a documentary review, which used the state of the art or state of knowledge procedure, allowing an analysis of the literature of the study in the development of the structure of previous knowledge, metacognitive strategies, and semiotic transformation in the resolution of algebraic problems, from the conceptual, empirical and hermeneutical dimension, to continue exploring, weaving together discourses and understanding the trends of in-depth studies. In this sense, each one of them is defined, and the trends or approaches are described, from the theoretical, epistemic, and methodological fields, concluding that a variety of qualitative and quantitative methodologies are used, and some mixed or multimethodical designs, and that the characteristic processes of the articulated functioning of previous knowledge, metacognitive strategies and semiotic transformation in their natural learning environment are fundamental in the investigative analyzes of the transition process from arithmetic to algebraic processes.


Endometriosis is a hormone-dependent condition occurring in women of predominantly reproductive age. It has an extremely diverse localization, clinical course and outcomes. The need for organ-sparing treatment to preserve and/or restore fertility, the negative effects of radical surgery for endometriosis on ovarian reserve and the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies, and the benign nature of the disease, which tends to self-limitation after menopause, lead to the search for effective methods of non-surgical treatment and the need for noninvasive diagnosis of endometriosis. The article presents the current principles of non-surgical management of patients with endometriosis.


A new species of Pareas Wagler, 1830 is described from Dulongjiang Township, Gongshan County, Yunnan Province, China. Phylogenetically, the new species is most closely related to Pareas kaduri Bhosale, Phansalkar, Sawant, Gowande, Patel and Mirza, 2020; however, the genetic divergence (uncorrected p-distance) of the cyt b gene between the new species and P. kaduri reached 9.4%. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from P. kaduri by the absence of preoculars, loreal bordering the orbit, the fusion of subocular and postocular, three rows enlarged vertebral scales, five rows keeled mid-dorsal scales at the middle of the body, having more subcaudals, and having a relatively longer tail. In addition, the new species can be distinguished from all other congeners by a combination of morphological characteristics. Our work brings the total number of recognized species of the genus Pareas to 29, of which 23 occur in China.


299 (41.9%) were bitten by laboratoryconfirmed rabid dogs. ostrophylaxis (PEP) is a vital aspect of clinical rabies prevention in humans The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of rabies disclosure among dogbite victims (DBVs) and their compliance with a PEP regimen. of DBVs who were treated Vom Christian Hospital, Plateau State, from 2006 – 2010, obtained information on patient demographics and rabies status of implicated dogs from patients' hospital records. A trend of reported rabid dog bites in children was determined. We assessed compliance of DBVs with the recommended dosage regimen for PEP which is local wound treatment followed by vaccine therapy on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 30. 713 DBVs were reported; 377(52.9%) were children <15 years, 404(56.7%) were males and Rabid dog-bites among children increased exponentially from 2007(6/1,000,000) to 2009(41/1,000,000) with a steep decline in 2010 (24/1,000,000). Of all DBVs, 677 (95%) first sought veterinary care. Of all implicated dogs, 305(42.8%) were tested and 299 (98.0%) were positive for rabies. Nearly all (99.6%) DBVs were treated using human diploidcell rabies vaccine, while only 49.1% completed the recommended doses. Of the 299 DBVs bitten by rabies-positive dogs, 59.2% completed the regimen and were likely to be PEP compliant than those bitten by untested dogs (p<0.01). No mortalities among DBVs were reported to the hospital. Rabies in dogs is a serious public health problem in Plateau State, in which children constitute the highest proportion of rabid DBVs reported. We recommend joint sensitization of physicians and veterinarians about the need for detailed DBV and animal information for rabies management.


As in Hebrew biblical narrative, wordplay on (or play on the meaning of) toponyms, or "place names," is a discernable feature of Book of Mormon narrative. The text repeatedly juxtaposes the toponym Jershon ("place of inheritance" or "place of possession") with terms inherit, inheritance, possess, possession, etc. Similarly, the Mulekite personal name Zarahemla ("seed of compassion," "seed of pity"), which becomes the paramount Nephite toponym as their national capital after the time of Mosiah I, is juxtaposed with the term compassion. Both wordplays occur and recur at crucial points in Nephite/Lamanite history. Moreover, both occur in connection with the migration of the first generation Lamanite converts. The Jershon wordplay recurs in the second generation, when the people of Ammon receive the Zoramite (re)converts into the land of Jershon, and wordplay on Zarahemla recurs subsequently, when the sons of these Lamanite converts come to the rescue of the Nephite nation. Rhetorical wordplay on Zarahemla also surfaces in important speeches later in the Book of Mormon. F proposed by John A. Tvedtnes, "seed of compassion" or "seed of pity" has become the widely accepted etymology for Zarahemla.1 1 John A. Tvedtnes "Since the Book of Mormon is largely the record of a Hebrew people, is the writing characteristic of the Hebrew language?" 65; Tvedtnes, "What''s in a Name? A Look at the Book of Mormon Onomasticon (Review of I Know Thee by Name: Hebrew Roots of Lehi-ite Non-Biblical Names in the Book of Mormon)" FARMS Review of Books 8/2 (1996): 42; See also John A. Tvedtnes and Stephen D. Ricks, "The Hebrew Origin of Some Book of Mormon Place Names," JBMS 6/2 (1997), 259. Joseph R. and Norrene V. Salonimer (I Know Thee by Name: Hebrew Roots of Lehi-ite Non-Biblical Names in the Book of Mormon [Independence, MO: Salonimer, 1995]. Cited in Tvedtnes and Ricks, "Hebrew Origin of Some Book of Mormon Names," 259), two Community of Christ (formerly RLDS) scholars), arrived at the same conclusion, positing the meaning "child of grace, pity, or "They Were Moved with Compassion" (Alma 27:4; 53:13): Toponymic Wordplay on Zarahemla and Jershon


We consider the growth of a semiflexible clamped polymer, or fibre, incident at an angle on a fluctuating two-dimensional obstacle moving against an applied load. This system models a cytoskeletal actin fibre close to a fluctuating membrane or to a diffusing obstacle, such as an artificial bead or a bacterium moving in the cytosol of the host, and under actin polymerization. We review the existing semi-analytic theories and their predictions, and compare them with the results of three-dimensional Monte Carlo dynamic simulations. This allows us to separate the effect of tip and obstacle diffusion on the overall motion. We characterize the statistics of pushing catastrophes, which occur when the fibre tip loses contact with the obstacle and the fibre grows away from or parallel to the obstacle. We discuss the effect of changing the polymerization and depolymerization rates at the fibre tip, which controls the stalling force needed to stop fibre growth, on the obstacle motion. We also consider how our results are modified if the fibres are bundled via attractive interactions, as is believed to be the case in filopodia, and if the wall becomes 'soft', which should better represent a fluctuating and diffusing membrane patch. We find that in both these cases the obstacle moves at a larger speed than predicted by the ratchet model, and we pinpoint the physical mechanisms leading to this velocity enhancement.


Summary: The application of protein–protein docking in large-scale interactome analysis is a major challenge in structural bioinformatics and requires huge computing resources. In this work, we present MEGADOCK 4.0, an FFT-based docking software that makes extensive use of recent heterogeneous supercomputers and shows powerful, scalable performance of >97% strong scaling. Availability and Implementation: MEGADOCK 4.0 is written in C++ with OpenMPI and NVIDIA CUDA 5.0 (or later) and is freely available to all academic and non-profit users at: http://www.bi.cs.titech.ac.jp/megadock. Contact: email@example.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online


Nitrogen (N) fertilized or grazed grasslands in temperate regions of the Northern and Southern Hemisphere are important sources for atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O). Following synthetic urine applications in a New Zealand grassland ecosystem, and ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) applications to a German grassland ecosystem, approximately 31, 16, and 5%, respectively, of the total emitted N2O (N2Otot) was produced by nitrification (N2Onit) with the rest being produced by denitrification (N2Oden). Analyses of the combined data set showed that 75% of all N2O emissions occurred above 60% water filled porosity (WFPS) and that more than 80% of all N2O emissions occurred at soil temperatures between 10° and 15°C. N2Oden emissions were associated with a WFPS value at around 80% at relatively low NO3− concentrations, while N2Onit emissions only occurred at high NH4+ levels shortly after N application at soil temperatures around 10°C. To increase the accuracy of predictions with simple mathematical models, such as the "hole‐in‐the‐pipe‐model," long‐term validation data sets are needed where driving variables are related to measured N2Onit and N2Oden data.


The present invention belongs to the field of anticorrosion treatment technology, and is especially method of using brazing material to form anticorrosive coating. The present invention features that brazing material Ni82CrBSi is first hot sprayed to the surface of metal member and then molten to form one anticorrosive coating. The method of the present invention can raise the anticorrosion performance of member at high temperature greatly, and is simple. The coating formed through melting the sprayed material has low porosity, high bonding strength and high anticorrosion performance.


UNIFPA explains that early marriage is a marriage that is carried out by children aged 18 years and under, who physically, sociologically and psychologically do not have the readiness to assume the responsibilities of marriage. Marriage at the age of the child is not something that is easy to run, because the emotions in question are still unstable and the mindset is still immature. Some studies suggest that this marriage tends to have a negative impact, including dropping out of school, the risk of maternal and child mortality, conflict-prone marital life, domestic violence that causes family disharmony and divorce. Based on data early marriage continues. COUNCIL of Foreign Relations states that Indonesia is among the ten highest child marriages in the world, which is ranked seventh, while in ASEAN, the second position after Cambodia This paper discusses the conditions of family resilience in early marriage. Physical endurance involves the economic ability of the family to meet basic needs. , namely a state of fulfillment of food, clothing, housing, education and health needs. tend to be fulfilled by parents because it is found when the marriage occurs the couple do not have a job and income. Marriage generally takes place while still in school and is forced to get married due to pregnancy before marriage so it is also forced to drop out of school. Do not want to budge, still ignorant or relaxed with the family situation becomes a source of conflict in addition to childcare issues, is a picture of social and psychological resilience of early marriages families.


This paper examines the competition in the print newspaper advertising market in New Zealand, which involves paid daily and free weekly titles. This is the first study to explore how different ownership structures across two newspaper segments affect the competitive forces in local geographic markets. We do so by constructing an original dataset of advertising rates. This has particular relevance in light of the Commerce Commission's recent rejection of the proposed NZME-Fairfax merger, and Fairfax's subsequent closure of 15 newspaper titles. We find strong evidence for competition between overlapping free weekly suburban titles. It is associated with a 11% decrease in the full tabloid page display advertising rate. We also find evidence of joint profit maximization between co-owned free weeklies and paid dailies. Our results support the Commission's decision and give crucial implication on market definition: small and large display ads in free weekly titles constitute two separate markets with dif erent clients. The large display ad market also includes advertising in paid daily titles. This market is competitive and will likely suffer if the merger were granted.


Objective To determine whether pravastatin exerts anti-oxidative effects on preventing aortic atherosclerosis via modulating p38 MAPK pathway. Methods Male 8-week-old apoE-/- mice fed a diet containing 1.25% cholesterol (wt/wt) were divided into pravastatin group administered with pravastatin (80 mg·kg-1·d-1) and atherosclerosis group administered with PBS; and male 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice fed a normal diet were as control group (n=12). In thoracoabdominal aortas of mice, levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured and expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (pSTAT1) were examined by Western blotting. Results After eight weeks, atherosclerosis in aortic root was significantly prevented by pravastatin. In aortic atherosclerosis lesion, the level of MDA was significantly reduced; adversely the activity of SOD was increased. Expressions of p-p38 MAPK and pSTAT1 were significantly decreased in aortic atherosclerosis lesion.Conclusion Our results suggests that anti-oxidative mechanisms of pravastatin preventing aortic atherosclerosis may partially depend on modulating p38 MAPK signal pathway.


To accommodate individual skill differences in using a computer interface, a skill adaptive interface was designed and tested. Current human-computer interaction modes can be classified into two types, recall and recognition based interfaces. They have different memory requirements and generally allow different operating speeds and learning time. However, a static combination of the two interface modes has drawbacks. The dynamic skill adaptive interface introduced in this study tries to eliminate these problems without sacrificing the advantages from either interface modes by gently 'pushing' users to switch to the appropriate interface mode. Experiment showed that the adaptive interface can yield significant better performances than the static hybrid interface for certain groups of users.


The boiloff rate of an LNG cargo for a fully loaded carrier is normally 0.1 to 0.25% of total volume per day. A method for calculating the boiloff rate during a partially loaded voyage is not yet established and is the subject of this study. It was found that the rate for a membrane tank was as much as several times greater than that of a spherical tank, especially at very low cargo levels.


According to the realization of highly information dependent society, the recent building system is developed into the concept of suitable for management of intelligent work, which is demanded to unify of IBS(Intelligent Building System), IC(information communication), OA(office automation), BA(building automation) system and computer technology. However inspite of the presence arrester, cable shielding, insulated TR, filter, earth etc., in the IBS building for the cope with several surge and noise has several problems from the wrong operation of the equipment which caused from several surge, damage of equipment, and noise etc. And the miss operation caused by wrong earth works, which must be considered at first during the building construction. In order to minimize these problems, it's necessary that various earth project are performed effectively, and bonding methods between the mutual wiring of earth system and the equipments in the building should be improved successively. So in this paper, we analyze present domestic conditions of the earth technology in IBS building, and propose minimization method for the various surge and noise problem, and examine and analyze through the applied works.


This paper examines the hypothesis that spectral cone types exhibit different retinomotor move ments in response to monochromatic radiation and can thus be identified histologically in the retina. Red sea bream Pagrus major, 79-105 mm in total length, were dark adapted in a glass aquarium, then exposed overhead to various intensities of white light and monochromatic stimuli with peaks at 337, 368, 466, 551 and 609 nm. The retinae from fish from each stimulus were examined histologically and scored for thickness of the cone layer and the pigment layer relative to the total retinal thickness. The red sea bream tested showed retinomotor response to 368 nm but not to 337 nm, and therefore were con sidered sensitive to ultraviolet stimulus. As additional single cones were absent in the cone mosaic, UV perception by central single cones or twin cones was suggested. White light and three other monochro matic stimuli elicited the retinomotor movement of all single and twin cones. These results and similar data from the literature show that the light-adaptive retinomotor movement of different spectral cone types is triggered by light perception in rods and thus do not vary by wavelength of visual stimulus be tween 368 and 609 nm.


At present,many problems exist in the development of five-year higher vocational colleges.Among them,software environment in teaching,psychological environment,needs to be built effectively,which is also an important link for promoting the content of higher vocational education and stimulating students' learning motivation.


1 of simvastatin treatment for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Unfortunately, simvastatin 40 mg per day, started within 96 h of subarachnoid haemorrhage and given for up to 21 days, had no eff ect on outcome measured on the modifi ed Rankin Scale at 6 months. The only secondary endpoint improved by statin use was a reduction in need for extended hypervolaemic treatment, which is of unknown clinical importance because it emerges alone among other measures that should be associated with delayed cerebral ischaemia. Does this disappointing trial result in the end of investigation of statins in subarachnoid haemorrhage? Why did simvastatin not work, in view of the excellent safety profi le of statins, promising early data, and seemingly perfect list of protective eff ects for prevention of neurovascular damage after subarachnoid haemorrhage? Statins were isolated about 40 years ago in a search for molecules that would inhibit 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis, and thereby, reduce serum cholesterol concentrations. 2 Bacteria- derived statins that decreased serum cholesterol and reduced heart disease and stroke were identifi ed. 3


A pyrolysis–gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric technique for analyzing the pyrolysis products from polymers in an inert atmosphere is described. Initial studies encompassing the pyrolysis of poly(vinyl chloride) homopolymer and a series of PVC plastisols (based on o-phthalate esters) have provided a complete qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of the pyrolysis products from these materials. PVC resin yields a series of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons when pyrolyzed at 600°C; the amount of aromatic products is greater than the amount of aliphatic products. Benzene is the major organic degradation product. A typical PVC plastisol [PVC/o-dioctyl phthalate (100/60)] yields, upon pyrolysis, products that are characteristic of both the PVC matrix and the phthalate plasticizer. The pyrolysis products from the plasticizer dilute those from the PVC portion of the plastisol and are, in turn, the major degradation products. There are no degradation products resulting from an interaction of the PVC with the plastisol. The pyrograms resulting from pyrolysis of the various plastisols of PVC can be used for purposes of "fingerprinting." Identification of the major peaks in a typical plastisol pyrogram provides information leading to a precise identification of the plasticizer. The pyrolysis data from this study were related to a special case of flammability and toxicity.


The key principles of insect vision have been deduced over decades of biological research.1, 2 A theme that has emerged is the reliance of insects on the spatial and temporal distribution of light for flight control. Computational foundations and control laws derived from insects3 have become increasingly well formulated. In the same period, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a revolution in air power. However, UAVs are not as autonomous as we would like. Unlike insects, they depend on artificial sources for position information and do not operate well close to obstacles. As we attempt their miniaturization, scaling problems emerge beyond the reduced fidelity of small sensors. For example, the vibration of flapping wings degrades inertial sensing, while densely packed avionics results in distorted measurements of the earth's magnetic field. Insects have overcome these problems using a highly integrated visuomotor system. They use the polarization pattern in the sky for heading, stabilize using the horizon as a visual reference, and navigate over terrain using vision. Many of the reflexes of insects only function as part of an ensemble of reflexes, analogous to the biologically inspired subsumption architecture proposed by Brooks.4 The first task of any UAV is stabilization. Agile airframes must be actively stabilized by their flight-control systems. We have reverse engineered the basic function of ocelli—an auxiliary visual system found in most insects—and tested their performance as part of the flight-control system of the UAV shown in Figure 2. Ocelli are composed of simple eyes, as distinct from compound eyes (see Figure 1). The ocelli of dragonflies have wide fields of view and a retina containing UV and green photoreceptors. They are anatomically adapted for sensing attitude and provide Figure 1. Head of a dragonfly, showing the dorsal-rim area and the lateral and median ocelli in relation to the compound eye.


Theoretical expressions for stiffness and maximum stress were determined for axial, bending and torsion load by using a combination of analytical, statistical and finite element calculations. Exper ...


Comparing the Dioclea glabra collections cited by Bentham in Flora Brasiliensis in 1859, with the collections cited in his original descriptions of D. glabra and D. coriacea in 1837, reveals that the 1859 D. glabra collections include three species: D. glabra Benth. and D. coriacea Benth. (here lectotypified), and D. scabra (Rich.) Maxwell comb. nov. (here described and assigned a neotype). Dioclea scabra var. brownii and var. schultzii, both new varieties, are also described. The three species are placed in their appropriate sections.


In this article, we refer to the history of the Charter of Rionegro and their contribution to setting up a political system to Colombia, in particular its contribution to the significant share of power in the territory of the former New Granada generated by it. The text includes shallow way, and just as similar background, the general characteristics of territorial political organization of the Chibcha Civilization and the political and administrative structure of the state in colonial times. However, before addressing the matter under review, it is necessary to address two important issues: a forced, which provides the conceptual framework for the development of the text, and the other referring both to the outstanding figures of the constituents eponymous 1863 as for democratic institutions more advanced in that Constitution. The Constitution of Rionegro, federal extreme, the most of their gender and, therefore, also considered as the most democratic progress throughout our constitutional history, however, was disqualified by Victor Hugo, French poet, as " constitution for angels, "but we think only in terms of the collated with materials difficult political circumstances and lived in their country at the end of his life, referring to excessive centralization Europe, particularly with French unitary authoritarian regime in force in the anti-democratic interregnum elapsed between the second and third republics, suffered by him, and abruptly imposed by Emperor Louis Napoleon, whom Marx wrote the 18 Brumaire.


be useful in stopping a series of recurrent boils. Probably the solution would have been more effective than the ointment, although more extravagant. Penicillin applied externally appeared to have no effect whatever on the eVolution ofan individual boil. Acne (3 Cases) Case L.-M., aged 23. Pustular acne of face, neck, chest, and back of 8 years' duration. Culture sterile. 15,000 units (sodium salt in lanette base, 400 units per g.) in 12 days (applied twice daily). Very slight improvement. Case 2.-M., aged 22. Pustular acne of face, back, and chest. Duration 6 years. Organisms, Staph. aureus. 37,069 units (sodium salt in lanette base, 400 units per g.) ifn 34 daily applications to left side of back only. Improvement for first 10 days; thereafter i.s.q. Case 3.-M., aged 40. Acne conglobata of 5 years' duration. Arms, chest, and back extensively affected. Organisms, Staph. aiureus. 235,320 units in 29 days. Solution of calcium salt (1,000 units per c.cm.) was sprayed on 4 times daily. Cured. Gradual relapse began after 7 days. Commentary Since greasy creams are in any event unsuitable for application to cases of acne, and since treatment in Case 3 was temporarily successful, it might have been better to use solution in Cases 1 and 2 also. The method is, however, extravagant. The value of penicillin in this condition remains uncertain. The acne bacillus is resistant to penicillin, and the response of the disease to treatment will depend presumably on the extent to which staphylococci are accountable for the suppuration in each particular case.


ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT OF TWO GROUPS CF DISADVANTAGED FIRST-GRADE CHILDREN WAS COMPARED. ONE GROUP OF 52 SUBJECTS PARTICIPATED IN A PROJECT HEAD START SUMMER PROGRAM, AND THE OTHER GROUP OF 52 SUBJECTS DID NOT. TO DETERMINE IF CHILDREN OF LIMITED OPPORTUNITY, PARTICIPATING IN PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO BROADEN EXPERIENCES, EXHIBIT SUPERIOR LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT SEVERAL MONTHS AFTER SUCH PARTICIPATION, THE INVESTIGATOR DEVELOPED AND ADMINISTERED A MEASUREMENT Cr VARIOUS ASPECTS OF ORAL LANGUAGE. FINDINGS SHOWED THAT (1) PROJECT HEAD START PARTICIPANTS DISPLAYED GREATER ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT THAN NON-HEAD START PARTICIPANTS FOR BOTH BAYS AND GIRLS, AND (2) PROJECT HEAD START ACTIVITIES WERE MORE EFFECTIVE IN ENCOURAGING THE ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT OF LOd-INTELLIGENCE PUPILS THAN HIGH-INTELLIGENCE PUPILS. BASED ON THESE FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS WERE MACE FOR TYPES OF MATERIALS AND ACTIVITIES TO BE INCLUDED IN HEAD START CURRICULUMS, AND FOR FUTURE RESEARCH IN THIS AREA. (GC22


We report on initial results from the largest infrared AO direct imaging survey searching for wide orbit (≳ 100 AU) massive exoplanets and brown dwarfs as companions around young nearby stars using Robo-AO at the 2.1-m telescope on Kitt Peak, Arizona. The occurrence rates of these rare substellar companions are critical to furthering our understanding of the origin of planetary-mass companions on wide orbits. The observing efficiency of Robo-AO allows us to conduct a survey an order of magnitude larger than previously possible. We commissioned a low-noise high-speed SAPHIRA near-infrared camera to conduct this survey and report on its sensitivity, performance, and data reduction process.


Channel reservation is a common solution to the call dropping problem in wireless cellular networks. We propose a predictive channel reservation scheme that is based on the mobility of the users. First, the concept of an influence curve is introduced to capture the influence that an active call exerts on the adjacent cells. Then, the amount of channels needed to be reserved in the adjacent cells can be adjusted dynamically according to the influence curve of each active call in the current cell. Finally, a call admission control scheme is proposed. Simulation results show that our channel reservation scheme outperforms the fixed reservation schemes.


The fault-tolerant leader–following consensus problem of multi-agent systems (MASs) with jointly connected topologies is considered in this paper. A control law, which is compensated by adaptive estimation of fault parameters using finite interval projection operator, is designed and enables the MAS with jointly connected topologies to achieve consensus in the presence of actuator faults. Furthermore, compared with the most existing works of fault-tolerant consensus with fixed and switching connected topologies, the results with jointly connected topologies are more general in practical systems. Moreover, the effectiveness of the controller for the considered problem is proved based on the Lyapunov stability theory. At the final part, by a numerical simulation, the validity of the results is verified.


This paper conveniently skips any controversy associated with the science of climate change. On the assumption that greenhouse gas emissions are causing climate change that is detrimental to humanity, the paper focuses on some economic dimensions of the issue which seem to be poorly understood by Australian media commentators, policy analysts, interest groups and the political parties. Using a neoclassical welfare economics framework the paper explores the costs and benefits of greenhouse gas abatement with reference to the findings of the Stern Report, the setting of greenhouse gas targets by Australian political parties, the danger of the government "picking winners" and the emerging carbon theory of value. The paper concludes with a brief review of the relative merits of a carbon tax and a cap and trade approach. Key Words: This paper conveniently skips any controversy associated with the science of climate change. On the assumption that greenhouse gas emissions are causing climate change that is detrimental to humanity, the paper focuses on some economic dimensions of the issue which seem to be poorly understood by Australian media commentators, policy analysts, interest groups and the political parties. Using a neoclassical welfare economics framework the paper explores the costs and benefits of greenhouse gas abatement with reference to the findings of the Stern Report, the setting of greenhouse gas targets by Australian political parties, the danger of the government "picking winners" and the emerging carbon theory of value. The paper concludes with a brief review of the relative merits of a carbon tax and a cap and trade approach.


The conventional shift register consists of master and slave (MS) latches with each latch receiving the data from the previous stage. Therefore, the same data are stored in two latches separately. It leads to consuming more electrical power and occupying more layout area, which is not satisfactory to most circuit designers. To solve this issue, a novel cross-latch shift register (CLSR) scheme is proposed. It significantly reduced the number of transistors needed for a 256-bit shifter register by 48.33% as compared with the conventional MS latch design. To further verify its functions, this CLSR was implemented by using TSMC 40 nm CMOS process standard technology. The simulation results reveal that the proposed CLSR reduced the average power consumption by 36%, cut the leakage power by 60.53%, and eliminated layout area by 34.76% at a supply voltage of 0.9 V with an operating frequency of 250 MHz, as compared with the MS latch.


Local dimming of backlights achieves high contrast ratio and low power consumption for LCDs. However, it induces flicker artifacts. The moving average filtering method effectively reduces the flicker artifacts, but causes another problem known as backlight‐response‐time delaying. This paper presents an adaptive moving average filtering method to deal with above problems. Experimental results show that the proposed method successfully reduces flickers without backlight‐response‐time‐delaying.


I wish to congratulate the authors for the useful information contained within the recent Association of Anaesthetists guidelines for the safe practice of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) [1]. I was surprised, however, to see that these guidelines are not 'state of the art' for safe practice. In particular, they identified syringe labelling, accuracy of drug concentration and infection risks as important safety issues and also say 'robust mechanisms should be in place to minimise the risk of drug error'but then failed tomention the one strong systemic protective barrier to all of these, the use of pre-filled syringes. These were the strong systemic barriers referred to by NHS England in their Revised Never Events Policy and Framework in 2015 [2]; surely, in 2018, a key recommendation must be, therefore, that 'when administering TIVA, pre-filled syringes should be used whenever possible'. Propofol is one of the anaesthetic drugs for which infections have been reported and have caused patient deaths [3]. Compared with 6.3% of all medications drawn up in operating theatres being contaminated with microorganisms [4] (particularly when multiple ampoules and diluents are used), syringes drawn up in a clean room are likely to remain uncontaminated. The 2018 Royal Pharmaceutical Society consultation to revise their Professional Guidance on the Safe and Secure Handling of Medicines highlighted a fundamental safety principle that 'manipulation of medicines in clinical areas should be minimised' and there therefore seems an incontrovertible argument for adopting the strong systemic barrier of prefilled syringes. It is as if many of the TIVA enthusiasts have developed the technique in a very unbalanced way, concentrating on expensive high-tech syringe drivers and sophisticated pharmacokinetic models while illogically overlooking simple implementations to reduce total patient harm from the whole TIVA system. Inhalational anaesthesia long ago introduced the strong systemic barrier of keyed/funnel filling systems on vaporisers to stop the wrong agent being used. The opportunity was also missed to say we should be working towards only using syringe drivers that recognise the syringe contents by barcode or other technology. Apart from remifentanil, most of the other opioids used for TIVA have been available in 50-ml pre-filled syringes for many years [5] and, when caring for patients undergoing TIVA for over 20 years, I have always used pre-filled syringes of propofol. As acknowledged leaders in patient safety elsewhere, anaesthetists should be embarrassed at best on continuing to neglect established measures of injectable medication safety, when they are alreadymuchmore widely used throughout the rest of medicine (heparin, vaccines, etc.). The WHO 3rd Global Patient Safety Challenge, which aims to reduce iatrogenic medication related harm by 50% in 5 years, calls upon all stakeholders to ensure that already known safety measures are fully implemented as a first step [6]. All the worthy organisations involved therefore have a responsibility to amend this oversight of not recommending pre-filled syringes as soon as possible to stop them appearing out of date and to make this document truly guidelines for safe practice.


Prosecutions for the crime of blasphemy are rare. But one which took place recently in London has elicited from the Home Secretary an utterance which is of interest and of importance.


Diabetic patients experience problems with wound healing. LPA1–3 receptors bind lysophosphatidic acid, which plays an important role in regulating wound healing. We have published that these receptors regulate the healing responses of human GF and their responses to PDGF; however, no information is available about the expressed levels of LPA1–3 or of the PDGF receptors (PDGFR) on these fibroblasts under conditions of exposure to high glucose concentrations.


(Accepted 17 December 2005, first published online 2 March 2006)SUMMARYHelicobacter pylori infection plays a role in the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer andgastric cancer, yet the route of transmission into susceptible hosts remains unknown. Studiesemploying microbiological techniques have demonstrated that H. pylori has the ability to survivewhen introduced into water and that H. pylori is present in water and other environmentalsamples all over the world. Epidemiological studies have shown that water source and exposuresrelated to water supply, including factors related to sewage disposal and exposure to animals, arerisk factors for infection. This review describes the microbiological and epidemiological evidencefor, and proposes a model of, waterborne H. pylori transmission outlining important features inthe transmission cycle. In the model, humans and animals shed the bacteria in their faeces and themechanisms for entry into water, and for survival, ingestion and infection are dependent upon arange of environmental influences. Verification of the proposed model pathways has importantimplications for public-health prevention strategies.INTRODUCTIONThe isolationofthebacterium Helicobacter pyloriandsubsequent findings of its role in the developmentof chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancerrepresented major medical breakthroughs. These dis-coveries have had a considerable impact on reducingthe burden of gastrointestinal ailments. Currenttreatments aim to eradicate H. pylori infection usingantibiotics, whereas previous treatments involvedsurgery or erroneously focused on stress reduction,dietary changes, and antacid therapies which oftenresulted in recurrence of symptoms [1, 2].It is estimated that over half of the world's popu-lation are carriers of H. pylori, making it one of themost common bacterial infections in the world [3].However, many individuals harbouring the bacterianever develop clinical symptoms. Differences in out-come are thought to result from a variety of factorsincluding age at acquisition, exposures to otherenvironmental agents, and genetic characteristics ofboth host and H. pylori bacterium [4]. Although theincidence of H. pylori infection and peptic ulcers andgastric cancer has decreased over the past century,it still represents a major burden [5]. Worldwide,there are an estimated six million incident cases ofduodenal ulcer each year and 900000 cases of gastriccarcinoma [6].There are two distinct patterns of H. pyloriacquisition. In developing countries, most people areinfected as infants or pre-adolescents and remain


A bstract: W e reconsider the Standard M odel interactions of ultra-high energy neutrinoswith m atter.The nextto leading orderQ CD correctionsare presented for charged-current and neutral-current processes. Contrary to popular expectations, these corrections are found to be quite substantial,especially for very large (anti-) neutrino energies. H ence, they need to be taken into account in any search for new physics e(cid:11)ects in high-energy neutrino interactions. In our extrapolation of the parton densities to kinem aticalregions as yet unexplored directly in terrestrial accelerators,we are guided by double asym ptotic scaling in the large Q 2 and sm all Bjorken x region and to m odels ofsaturation in the low Q 2 and low x regim e. The sizes ofthe consequent uncertainties are com m ented upon. W e also brie(cid:13)y discuss som e variableswhich are insensitive to higherorderQ CD correctionsand are hence suitable in any search fornew physics.


We study the recovery of missing data from multiple smart grid datasets within a matrix completion framework. The datasets contain the electrical magnitudes required for monitoring and control of the electricity distribution system. Each dataset is described by a low rank matrix. Different datasets are correlated as a result of containing measurements of different physical magnitudes generated by the same distribution system. To assess the validity of matrix completion techniques in the recovery of missing data, we characterize the fundamental limits when two correlated datasets are jointly recovered. We then proceed to evaluate the performance of Singular Value Thresholding (SVT) and Bayesian SVT (BSVT) in this setting. We show that BSVT outperforms SVT by simulating the recovery for different correlated datasets. The performance of BSVT displays the tradeoff behaviour described by the fundamental limit, which suggests that BSVT exploits the correlation between the datasets in an efficient manner.


The existence of management as an art or science that regulates and manages an institution, agency, job or people in it is a means of achieving maximum goals through the implementation of management functions. However, sometimes problems arise due to a system that does not run well due to managerial weakness. So that it is necessary to implement comprehensive management to improve the quality and quality of human resources and other resources. Types of field research with a qualitative approach. Data mining is carried out with observation techniques, interviews, and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques are data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion making. The results showed that the management implemented by LPTQ Padangsidimpuan City in an effort to improve the achievements of competition participants at the National Level Musabaqah includes (1) planning, namely meetings for the preparation of long-term and short-term programs and activities (2) organizing, namely efforts to determine the composition of the LPTQ Management, Provincial Level Judges Council and Trainers to prepare participants to face the National Level Musabaqah, (3) mobilization, namely efforts to organize Provincial-level MTQ/STQ to select outstanding participants and hold coaching and training for these outstanding participants in preparation for competing at the National level, (4) supervision, namely efforts to evaluate the achievements and results of the implementation of Musabaqah at the Provincial and National levels.


Abstract The perturbation of the eigenvalues of a regular Sturm–Liouville problem in normal form which results from a small perturbation of the coefficient function is known to be uniformly bounded. For numerical methods based on approximating the coefficients of the differential equation, this result is used to show that a better bound on the error is obtained when the problem is in normal form. A method having a uniform error bound is presented, and an extension of this method for general Sturm–Liouville problems is proposed and examined.


The impact of disability on people's lives is often underestimated because the extra costs of living with a disability are not accounted for. This paper analyzes several different methodologies for estimating those costs and explores their usefulness in designing inclusive social policies. For example, one approach is to measure what is currently being spent, while another is to estimate what would need to be spent for equal participation. These can be measured using statistical techniques or through a more qualitative methodology. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. The paper concludes with recommendations for which methodology fits which purpose, and how they can be used together to obtain a full accounting of the extra costs incurred by people with disabilities.


A general feature of the Open Access as a new strategy of scientific communication characterizing international, national and institutional policies related to open access, the open access to information models is a new debate in academic society. A traditional paradigm of the scientific communication is characterized as well as the analysis of the defining factors upon which the need to upgrade the scientific communication system by changing the paradigm under open access strategy circumstances relies. This work is mainly aimed at presenting and analysing the academic community attitude towards copyright, generating a computer application by integrating two already available platforms, creating a useful information management tool for the academic community and analysing the digital repository by calculating and optimizing performance indicators in terms of digital repository users satisfaction with the scientific production of the academic community. The qualitative research related to the Academic Community Behavior – Editors and Universities describes various researches and studies related to academic community attitudes, expectations and knowledge in terms of copyright, own archiving and open access to information.


This paper addresses aspects of the Advanced Traffic Management Systems and Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATMS/ATIS) strategies and gives examples of recommended treatments. The test method used in this work is simulation based, using stochastic assignment of destinations and multiple replications that could be applied equally well to mathematical programming formulations. The modeled demands and network are idealized and used as illustrations of valid statistical treatments that would also be applicable to Traffic Management Center (TMC) evaluation of field data. To address the problem of unrepresentative peak period performance, multiple simulation replications are used. The use of 20 multiple replications in simulation is analogous to a month of AM or PM peak period weekdays. Using field observations, a TMC's statistical sampling of performance measures by vehicle probes or roadway sensors might be used in place of the exhaustive sampling possible in a simulation model. When Monte Carlo simulation is applied to modeling of ATMS/ATIS strategies or formulations, appropriate statistical treatments must be applied in determining if alternative strategies actually are significantly different. These statistical treatments include single-factor analysis of variance for normally distributed results and nonparametric methods, such as the Kruskal-Wallis test, for maximum values that would not be normally distributed. Performance can be treated as having demand and supply components. In this paper the driver, or demand-side, is treated as having a trip-based orientation. The average, variance, and maximum values of trip time as performance measures are examined for their statistical treatment of significant differences. Also, an estimation of two standard deviations of mean trip time is used to augment maximum trip time comparisons among strategies. The demand-side trip oriented significance tests in simulations might be extended to the case of TMC field evaluations by using limited sampling of probe vehicles. The network, or supply-side, is examined primarily with respect to density on the critical arcs of the network. Network performance is designed to capture the critical dynamic states of the network's supply utilization over time. The maximum density conveys the worst conditions on any arc. The number of arc-minutes that density is above a critical free flow density conveys the duration of congested conditions. The number of density-arc-minutes that density is above a critical free flow density conveys a measure of total congestion. This density data can be made available for a TMC, as well as in simulation. An example is given of the use of the Kruskal-Wallis test statistic in finding significant differences in maximum densities for four routing strategies.


In this article the author shows that the experience of ontological hermeneutics helps to understand the structure of destiny, both with respect to the subject of self-organization, and in relation to the individual, whose organization is determined by external. Subject field of fate, understood as its contextual base or event-driven project, subject to development through a hermeneutic approach to the objective reality. Fate, as a single system-the principle of being, it seems urgent to being self-existence, but scattered objects on differentiable structures and substructures of life, the fate of a single – there is a potential content of its logical structure. Understanding the historical role of a single entity in the development of the anthropomorphic aspects of life, is capable of structural self-organization of all life processes and phenomena.


The theory of competitive advantage of Michael Porter stated that national competitive advantage is a reflection of a "diamond" which is running properly and efficiently. But if a developing country like Romania does not have the right conditions for effective functioning of the "diamond", what happens? This is the question to which we try to give an answer within this paper. In this respect, the paper aims to analyze the theory of competitive advantage of Michael Porter, followed by an identification of the advantages and criticisms of this theory over time. Finally we make a customization of this theory in the context of the competitive environment in Romania.


Rotary switch unit for a mobile communication terminal according to the present invention, the rotation of the disk shape having a through hole at the center button, and a through hole is formed at the center with a certain interval in the radial direction of rotation of the disk shape having a plurality of blades the member and the one end passes through the through hole of the turning button and the other end passes through the through hole of the rotary member and the rotary button and the rotary member is fixed to the rotating shaft and, located on one side of the rotating member the rotating member the rotary switch comprising a circuit in contact with the movable portion and the movable portion to move up and down in accordance with signals from the central processing unit by the rotational motion for opening and closing a fixed part and; A substrate have two said rotary switch to be mounted one by one in the longitudinal direction; By being configured to include, as users turn push the upper rotary button and the lower rotation button of the rotary switch unit for a continuous operation in order to recognize the operation of the rotary switch in the central processing unit of a user's will in the pouch in or bag and may be generated by the small sliding in the contact area when the independent combination of the two rotary switches at the same time that an effect of the rule when the malfunction by the depression operation to apply a rotary switch, only the use as a rotary switch unit malfunctions that have effects that can be prevented.


Abstract The article presents the results of research over microorganisms (psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria and microscopic fungi) found in wastewater in denitrification and nitrification chambers and specifies the proportion of these microorganisms in bioaerosol at various levels above wastewater level (20, 50 and 100 cm). In the denitrification chamber (anoxic) in 1 cm3 of sewage there were on average 30.35 · 106 CFU of mesophilic bacteria, 72.88 · 106 CFU of psychrophilic bacteria, and 37.3 · 105 CFU of microscopic fungi. In the nitrification chamber, where the oxygen concentration ranged from 0.37 to 2.32 mg O2·dm−3 of wastewater, the number of microorganisms was lower. In 1 cm3 of wastewater there were on average 20.2 · 106 CFU of mesophilic bacteria, 51.76 · 106 CFU of psychrophilic bacteria, and 15.22 · 105 CFU of microscopic fungi. In sewage bioaerosols above these chambers, higher numbers of psychrophilic bacteria than mesophilic ones and microscopic fungi were reported. At the same time differences in the number of microorganisms at different heights above the surface of wastewater could be observed in bioaerosol, as well as between the chambers of the bioreactor. It was found that most frequently the amount of microorganisms decreased with height. The percentage emission ratio (ER) of microorganisms in bioaerosols coming from wastewater accounted for only a fraction of a percent and ranged from 1.13 · 10−8 % (microscopic fungi over the denitrification chamber) to 24.53 · 10−9 % (psychrophilic bacteria over the denitrification chamber). It was found that the process of mixing, aeration of wastewater, have an effect on the emission of microorganisms.


Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common disorder that affects approximately 30% of patients in intensive care units (ICU) (1). Recent studies have shown that peritoneal dialysis (PD) can be an option for select AKI patients for promoting adequate metabolic and fluid control with a mortality rate similar to that of other dialysis modalities (2–7). However, PD can increase intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) after dialysate infusion leading to impaired diaphragm mobilization, decreasing inspiration and expiration pressure, total pulmonary capacity and functional residual capacity, which may cause or worsen respiratory failure (8–12). Despite the important association between AKI and injured lungs in the prognosis of patients, there are no studies on the influence of PD on respiratory mechanics of AKI patients. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the respiratory mechanics, oxygenation and IAP in mechanically ventilated AKI patients undergoing high volume PD.


Paper presents by far the largest available computer corpus of
Tajik Language of the size of more than 50 million words. To
obtain the texts for the corpus two different approaches were
used. The paper brings a description of both of them, discusses
their advantages and disadvantages and shows some statistics of
the two respective partial corpora. Then the paper
characterizes the resulting joined corpus and finally discusses
some possible future improvements.


In the past decade, NASA-JSC battery group has carried out several tests on the safety of li-ion cells, modules and battery packs. The hazards associated with using commercial li-ion cells in high voltage and high capacity batteries have been determined to be different from those associated with the use of the same cells in low voltage, low capacity packs (less than 15 V and 60 Wh). Tests carried out included overcharge, overdischarge, external and internal short circuits with destructive physical analysis included in most cases. Chemical analysis, X-rays and in some cases CT scans were used for post-test analysis.


The study investigated the effects of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) on the post-harvest quality of Gala apple fruit (Malus domestica). The apples were stored under controlled refrigerated conditions for 90 days, and eight different treatment combinations were tested: 0.5% CaCl2, 1.0% CaCl2, 900ppm CO2, 1000ppm CO2, 0.5% CaCl2 + 900ppm CO2, 0.5% CaCl2 + 1000ppm CO2, 1.0% CaCl2 + 900ppm CO2, and 1.0% CaCl2 + 1000ppm CO2. Various quantitative and quality parameters were evaluated throughout the experiment, including fruit weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid, and sensory evaluation at 30, 60, and 90 days of post-harvest storage. The results demonstrated that fruit weight loss was significantly in the treatments with calcium and carbon dioxide compared to the control group. Furthermore, the calcium and carbon dioxide treatments led to an increase in pH and total soluble solids, and causing a decrease in firmness, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid during the 90-day cold storage at 0 to 2°C. The findings also indicated that the calcium and carbon dioxide treatments influenced the production of ethylene to the control group. Overall, the experiment revealed that post-harvest calcium treatments prevented fruit softening and minimized weight losses. The application of 1.0% CaCl2 + 1000ppm CO2 showed superior results compared to other treatments, effectively controlling weight loss, maintaining firmness, and minimizing fruit decay. In conclusion, storing Gala apples under controlled atmosphere conditions with the application of calcium chloride and carbon dioxide successfully inhibited fungal growth, maintained firmness, minimized weight loss, and extended the shelf life compared to the control group. These findings have significant implications for the apple industry, as they provide a means to improve fruit quality and increase the shelf life of apples. Future research may build upon these results to refine treatment conditions, gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and explore the application of these techniques to other apple varieties and different fruits. Ultimately, these experimental findings have the potential to contribute to the development of practical strategies for enhancing the shelf life of apple fruits, ensuring better quality and reduced post-harvest losses.


SWOT analysis is used extensively as an assessment and planning method, particularly in tourism planning. However, there are little documentations on application of SWOT analysis in ecotourism. An assessment on systematic use of SWOT analysis was carried out in the present study to highlight the applicability of the SWOT technique in detailed investigations. In this study, based on field surveys and questionnaires (on Anzali Wetland and the local population), matrix of internal and external factors (threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strength) influencing tourism development in Anzali Wetland were evaluated within the framework of SWOT analysis and SO, WO, ST and WT strategies were identified. Based on the obtained results, the total score of 3.22 in IFE matrix suggests good condition of the system and high internal strength of the tourism development related to internal factors and the final score of 2.93 in the EFE matrix represents poor condition related to the external factors which means external factors have not been utilized properly; Thus appropriate planning and organizational management practices are required to deal with these factors. The study further proposes solutions, operational priorities and strategic planning according to environmental and local conditions of Anzali Wetland. Since the tourism industry in Iran is still in its early stages, particularly in Anzali Wetland region, the findings could help decision makers to estimate better the weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities, and to develop tourism industry in the region.


Objective To compare the effects of Procaterol and Aminophylline on cough response in sensitized Guinea pig model.Methods A guinea pig model for cough variant asthma was established by sensitizing and challenging with ovalbumin.After intraperitoneal injection with different doses of Procaterol and Aminophylline,cough response to inhaled capsaicin and airway responsiveness to methacholine(PC150) were measured,then total cell number and differentials in bronchoalveolar lavage were analyzed.Results Procaterol and Aminophylline had no effect on cough response in nave Guinea pigs,but markedly inhibited the enhanced cough response in guinea pigs sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin in dose-dependent pattern.Maximal inhibitive rates of cough were 49% for Procaterol and 48% for Aminophylline respectively(P0.05).Airway hyper-responsiveness was decreased in a similar manner(P0.05).However,there were no changes of total cell number and cell differential in bronchoalveolar lavage(P0.05).Procaterol was comparable to Aminophylline in the relief of cough response and airway hyper-responsiveness(P0.05).Conclusion Procaterol and Aminophylline attenuate cough response in the sensitized guinea pig model by bronchodilatory effect,and different bronchodilators have similar cough inhibition.


FIELD: the proposed inventions refer to the field of radiolocation and may be used for identification of radar objects on the value of the average effective surface of scattering and also in all-round looking radars where there is a firm time balance of sounding. SUBSTANCE: the achieved technical result of the proposed mode and the arrangement is identification of the types of radar object on the value of the average effective surface of scattering in the all-round looking radar with using single sounding impulses in each angular direction and also increase of possibility of correct identification. The indicated result is achieved due to the fact that for identification of objects they execute accumulation and averaging-out of the transformed amplitudes of the impulses received and correspondingly transformed in the process of tracking. The distinctive feature of the proposed mode and the arrangement for identification of objects is increasing in the process of tracking number of accumulated impulses used for identification and independence of the results of identification from the form of the diagram of radiation pattern of the antenna. EFFECT: identification of the types of radar objects. 4 cl, 5 dwg


THE Spanish language press in this country is well deserving of special study. It serves as one of the chief means of circulating news, information, commercial advertising and various types of political ideologies among the old and new Mexican populations of the Southwest and in Chicago, as well as among the Puerto Rican, Cuban and Spanish Republican colonies in New York and a few other large urban centers, and in the Cuban colonies in Tampa and elsewhere in Florida. The present study is an effort to evaluate the Spanish language press and to understand the people who read it and toward whom it is directed.


E. Schrödinger proposed a thought experiment to illustrate the discontinuity, not fully understood, that appears in quantum mechanics when a measurement process occurs. The cats in his thought experiment appear to be both alive and dead. This unreasonable appearance has not been satisfactorily explained before. Calibration, which is required in metrology, is not treated in physics theory. This paper illustrates how calibration to a non-local time standard explains the alive and dead appearance of Schrödinger's cats.


This article proposes a critical reflection on the case of theSpanish internet user Mario Costeja in his fight against Googlesearch engine. Mario Costeja exercised his right of oppositionto the handling of his personal data against Google Spain, S. L.,Google Inc. and La Vanguardia Ediciones S.L. The rejection ofboth companies against his petition resulted in a claim before"Agencia Espanola de Proteccion de Datos" that ended up in theEuropean Court of Justice. This article describes all the processand collects all voices involved in the trial, with the purpose ofoffering a reflexive construction of a pioneer judgment bindingupon all the member States of the European Union.


Direct measurement of metal-ligand (ML) complexes is essential for understanding metal speciation and ML reactivity in natural and experimental settings. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is highly efficient separation technique that can provide direct measurement of ML species revealing slow reaction kinetics, subtle changes in coordination, and oxidation-reduction reactions involving the metal and ligand. Applications of this technique to understanding ML reactivity in multicomponent systems are discussed.


During the Cold War, the enormous arsenals of nuclear weapons possessed by the United States and the Soviet Union were capable of catastrophic destruction on a global scale. A US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) study of the medical consequences of nuclear war concluded that, in a large scale nuclear conflict, several hundred million people would die directly and the subsequent famine would lead to the death of one to four billion people, most the of the earth's population at that time.


In Columbia River spring and summer Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ), age of maturation ranges from age-1 (microjack), -2 (minijack), -3 (jack), to -4 or -5 (adult) years. The presence of age-2 minijacks has been noted in several experimental studies and documented for a few hatchery programs but a comprehensive survey of their occurrence in hatchery production programs has never been conducted. The objective of this study was to quantify the prevalence of minijacks produced in hatchery programs across the Columbia River Basin. We measured the proportion of minijacks among males released from several spring- and summer-run Chinook salmon hatchery programs throughout the Columbia River Basin for brood years 1999 through 2010, using 11-Ketotestorone levels in males as an index of maturation. The hatcheries surveyed included both segregated (only hatchery-origin broodstock) and integrated (some natural-origin broodstock) programs. Minijacks were found in all programs monitored, and rates varied approximately 10-fold across release groups ranging from 7.9 - 71.4% of males in spring Chinook salmon programs and 4.1 - 40.1% of males in summer Chinook salmon programs. There was a significant positive relationship between size at release and proportion of minijacks released from the integrated, but not the segregated spring Chinook salmon programs. Minijack rates were significantly higher in the integrated spring Chinook salmon programs compared to the segregated programs despite the fact that most of the integrated programs released smaller fish, suggesting that domestication selection for age at maturation has occurred in segregated programs. Findings of this study have implications for hatchery production efficiency and harvest, as well as genetic and ecological consequences for naturally spawning populations. PRESENTATION LINK VIDEO LINK Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE


The research was aimed to know the effect of dose of organic fertilizer to growth and yield varieties of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The method used was a randomized block design a Randomized Completely Block Design with 2 factors. The first factor was the organic fertilizer, namely (P) and the second factor was the variety. The first factors was the organic vermicompost, which consists of 4 levels, namely: P0 = 0 g / plant, P1 = 30 g / plant, P2 = 60 g / plant, P3 = 90 g / plant the second factor was varieties, which consists of three levels, namely: V1 = Tosakan varieties, V2 = Kumala varieties, V3 = Sri Tanjung varieties. Thus there was 12 combinations of treatment, each treatment was repeated three times, in order to get 36 experimental unit. Parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, root dry weight. The results of this research showed that vermicompost fertilizer showed significant effect on the observation parameters plant height, root length, fresh weight of plant, plant dry weight, root dry weight. Vermicompost fertilizer dose of 60 g / plant give the best average results in almost all variables observation (plant height 18,6 g, fresh weight of plant 10,3 g, plant dry weight 1,3 g and root dry weight 0,4 g. Kumala varieties gave the highest rates in the observation parameters number of leaves 7,2 sheet and fresh weight of plant 10,0 g. The interaction of both treatment showed no real effect on all parameters of observation.


The total error rate (TER) has been presented as a minimum classification error model for the single-layer feed-forward network (SLFN) learning. The TER, which uses one-against-all (OAA) for multi-class classification, may cause unbalanced data set especially for large number of training data in multi-class classification and then often has a bad influence on the accuracy. This paper proposes a new method, called multi-class total error rate (MTER) to deal with this problem. The MTER, which uses a unified learning mode of regression and multi-class classification and minimizes the error rate for each class, can approximate any target functions. It implies that a balanced data set can be obtained and the training process can be simplified. Experiments show that MTER has a higher accuracy and lower computational complexity in comparison with some learning algorithms such as ELM and TER. The experiments also show that the MTER has a similar performance with LIBSVM.


This contribution is part of a debate between Michael Hardt/Toni Negri and David Harvey on the occasion of Marx's bicentenary (May 5, 2018). The discussion focuses on the question of what capitalism looks like today and how it can best be challenged. In this article, David Harvey responds to Hardt and Negri's previous debate-contributions.


Korean groundwater quality standards were established in 1994, and revised in 2003 and 2010. The substances for which standards have been developed are classified into two groups, general pollutants, 4, and specific pollutants, 15. The standards have been applied to household water use, agriculture, aquaculture, and industrial use. However, there is no systematic methodology for either selecting candidate substances or establishing groundwater standards. We investigated various derivation methodologies for groundwater standards used by the European Commission and 27 member states and compared their methods for determining threshold values. The European Commission presented to their member states groundwater standards for two substances and a list of required substances for derivation of threshold values along with the member states. Interestingly, they first considered national background levels and then considered other criteria for water protection, such as drinking water standards, environmental quality standards, and irrigation standards. We suggest that Korean background levels in groundwater should be included in the methodology for establishing groundwater quality standards. These results may be useful in developing a systematic methodology for establishing Korean groundwater quality standards.


Social network analysis in the social and behavioural sciences has been developed to illuminate the nature and direction of social influence among individuals. It is designed to provide a micro level in the context of the macro level represented by the business corporation or social class. The processes argued to underlie social influence include 'relations of authority, identification, expertise and competition'.1 Clearly, these relations have to be constructed and demonstrated to be effective rather than simply identified. At the same time, these processes may be instrumental in providing a critical context for marking out patterns of linguistic influence in distant historical periods. Social network analysis is suitable for historical application, assuming an appropriate historiography and social theory.2 Because the task of the historical linguist is to critically consider and develop an effective procedure for applying social network analysis in


The article analyzes the novelties proposed by the domestic legislator concerning ways of committing such an offense as human trafficking. It is concluded that there are certain contradictions in the design provided for in Part 1 of Art. 149 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, stipulated by the mechanical combination of national and international representations about the essence of this crime.
In particular, it is noted that, unlike national criminal law, international legal acts consider this concept as a civil law category, defining it in accordance with the content of the contract of sale, and position the trafficking of human beings as a combination of mandatory elements, which includes the act, the ways of its commission and the purpose of exploitation of a person. Therefore, on the one hand, the transfer- receipt of a person, including for monetary compensation, cannot be considered as trafficking in persons, if they are not carried out in the indicated ways and do not pursue the purpose of exploitation, and on the other - preservation in the disposition of Part 1 of Art. 149 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, trafficking in human beings, as an independent form of the objective aspect of thiscrime, leads to the double criminalization of the transfer-receipt of a person, since any sale or purchase without this is impossible. In this regard, the disposition of Part 1 of Art. 149 to be described as descriptive of the definition of trafficking in persons as the recruitment, transfer, harboring, transfer or receipt of a person for the purpose of exploitation that occurs through the use of violence which is not dangerous to the life or health of the victim or his relatives or the threat of the use of such violence, deception, blackmail, material or other dependence of the victim, his vulnerable state, or the bribery of a third person who controls the victim.
The criminal nature of the bribing of a third person who controls the victim is determined for obtaining an agreement on its exploitation. It is argued that the bribery of a third person is connected with the transfer of a person, in particular, with its component, such as providing another person with control over the victim and is not a way of committing this act, but a kind of special incitement to it. There is justification for recognizing the subject of the bribe of a third person who controls the victim, the perpetrator of the crime provided for in Part 1 of Art. 149 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.


I hope that Greg Stoddart and Morris Barer[1][1] read an article that appeared in the same issue as theirs, and I hope that the College of Family Physicians of Ontario read it too. Comments in that article[2][2] certainly struck a chord with me.

I worked in a private group family practice for 14


Objective To study the efficacy of self injection of aloprostadil sterille powder (prostaglandin E 1,caverject) in erectile dysfunction (ED) patients.Methods One hundred and seventy six ED patients were monitored by Rigiscan for self injection of aloprostadil sterille powder (prostaglandin E 1,caverject). Results Of all the patients, 74.8% had improved sexual satisfaction and quality of life, and only 23.9% experienced some mild pain after the injection. No priatoma hematoma or caverous fibrosis was observed. Conclusion Intracavernous injection of alprostadile sterile power is believed to be safe and effective for ED of various origins with relatively lower side effects. Rigiscan can help ascertain the dose of PGE 1.


The article specifies the results of an empirical research of peculiarities of personality destructiveness of the workers prone to the abuse of office. The author carries out the analysis of psychological characteristics of personality destructiveness in connection with the risk of illegal use of office.


Clinicians and researchers have increasingly embraced cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) for treating psychological difficulties following bereavement. The present review summarizes the existing empirical literature on CBT-based interventions for bereaved persons and the extent to which these therapies alleviated distress compared to non-CBT approaches and no-treatment control groups. Initial results for the 11 studies included in the review showed CBT-based interventions were more effective than other commonly practiced therapies (post-test d = 0.27; follow-up d = 0.25) and the relative efficacy of CBT did not vary across different bereavement-related distress symptoms. However, after accounting for the influence of researcher allegiance, differences between therapies were reduced in size and no longer statistically significant (posttest d = 0.12; follow-up d = 0.19). Compared to no-treatment control groups, CBT-based interventions were beneficial immediately after intervention (d = 0.38)...


When the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is strongly biased, the speed of the electrons in the channel increases, which leads to an injection of electrons into the buffer, and consequently the appearance of the "short channel effect" phenomenon, which limits the performance of the component to overcome this effect and increase the power/frequency performance of the component, one solution consists in using a confinement barrier. This involves placing an electrostatic barrier under the GaN channel so as to block the injection of electrons into the buffer layer when the transistor is highly biased, and a BGaN confinement barrier because this semiconductor has very interesting physical properties, as well as better electrical isolation between the well and the substrate thanks to the optimization of the buffer. In this paper, the main objective is to study the effect of adding BGaN confinement barrier and its influence on transistor performance.


Concepts: macromolecular adsorption - a brief introduction driving forces for protein adsorption at solid surfaces thermodynamics of adsorption of amino acids, small peptides, and nucleic acid components on silica adsorbents quantitative modelling of protein adsorption interfacial behaviour of protein mutants and variants. Methods: local and global optical spectroscopic probes of adsorbed proteins proteins on surfaces - methodologies for surface preparation and engineering protein function studies on the conformation of adsorbed proteins with the use of nanoparticle technology scanning calorimetry in probing the structural stability of proteins at interfaces ellipsometry and reflectometry for studying protein adsorption. Applications: interactions of proteins with polymeric synthetic membranes protein adsorption in intravenous drug delivery control of protein adsorption in solid-phase diagnostics and therapeutics protein interfacial behaviour in microfabricated analysis systems and microarrays protein adsorption in the oral environment adsorbed biopolymers - behaviour in food applications.


Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is very common, the prevalence being 12–15%. Evaluation of patients with BAT is a challenge. This study aimed to compare the USG & CT with regards the frequency of correct findings in the detection of solid intra-abdominal injuries. Objectives: To determine the frequency of correct findings of abdominal ultrasonography compared with CT scan in the detection of solid intra-abdominal visceral injuries. Methods: The study was carried out at Radiology Department Nishtar Hospital, Multan & Children Hospital Multan, Pakistan, for a duration of six months with Eighty-eight patients selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Results: Mean age of the patients was 35.83±14.02 years. There were 75(85.2%) male and 13(14.8%) female in the present study, respectively. Ultrasonography detected abdominal injury in 49(55.7%) patients while it was detected in 59(67%) patients by computed tomography scan. Abdominal injury detected by both ultrasonography and computed tomography was 48 patients (true positive). Ultrasound sensitivity was revealed 81.36%, specificity 96.55%, diagnostic accuracy 86.36%, Positive predictive value 97.95%, and Negative predictive value 71.79%. Conclusion: CT scan is the gold standard modality for blunt abdominal trauma, whereas ultrasound can be used as the first-line modality in the patients of blunt abdominal trauma. enabled the clinicians to exactly diagnose the extent of the intra-abdominal injuries. This study aimed to find the frequency of correct findings of ultrasonography in the detection of solid intra-abdominal injuries. This would help to establish USG as an aid in early triage of patients for speedy management decision-saving time and reducing patient mortality as well as cost.


The problem of long-term stability and geodynamic processes of the Baltic Shield has been addressed in the research plan for the coming six years, 1987-1992, of the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. The aims of the research activities are to quantify and place limits on the effects of earthquakes, glaciation and glacial rebound. Special attention will be paid to the safety analysis of a final storage of spent nuclear fuel. In modelling the deformation of large-scale rock masses and the stability of vaults for radioactive waste disposal, we need to know the geometry and structure of the rock mass together with geomechanical parameters of large rock masses and the boundary conditions that we might apply to our models. Generic, two-dimensional models are proposed for vertical and planar sections of a traverse having a direction NW-SE in northern Fennoscandia (Stephansson 1987). The vertical section comprises a three-layered model of the lithosphere from the oceanic-continental crustal boundary at the shelf of the North Sea, to the centre of uplift in the Bothnian Bay. Faults are assumed to extend down to the upper-lower crust boundary at a depth of about 20 km. The proposed traverse will include the major neotectonic structures at Lansjlrv and Parvie, and also the study site for storage of spent nuclear fuel at Kamlung,close to theSEendofthe traverse. In modelling the influence of glaciation, deglaciation and glacial rebound on crustal rock mechanics and stability, two modelling approaches are suggested (Stephansson 1987). In the first approach, the ground surface and the c y stal-mantle interface has a prescribed shape in accordance with known functions of elasticviscous rebound for each side of the ice front and the uplift is varied according to existing knowledge about total, present and remaining uplift. The second modelling approach uses ice as a surface load, wh'ere the boundary ofthe ice sheet follows the limit of the Weichselian glacial ice at thecontinentalshelfofnorthwestern Noway. In principal, three different scales of models are suggested. 'global' models, with a length of about 100 km, will make it possible to increase our overall understanding of the change in stresses and deformations and they can provide boundary conditions for regional and near-field models. The regional models can be used for studies of the neotectonic structures, and the near-filed models will be used for stability analysis of the vault for final storage of spent nuclear fuel. Validation of a discontinuum code is not a trivial task, due to the difficulty of carrying out and interpretinglarge-scale tests on discontinous bodies of rock. In the SKB project we have utilized one of the best documented in sifu tests, performed on a 8 m3 block of jointed gneiss at the Colorade School of Mines experimental mine, to validate two modelling approaches. One is the non-linear finite element modelling with the HNFEMP code (Stephansson & Savilahti 1988), and the other is the distinct element modelling with MUDEC (Barton et al. 1988). Generig modelling of faulted rock masses have also been conducted with both modelling approches. Two sets of steeply dipping faults intersect a 4 x 4 km rock mass subjected to virgin stresses representative of Fennoscandian bedrock. A realistic cycle of glaciation and deglaciation is modelled in seven sequences. Ice loading, ice flow and ice retreating are simulated and stresses and displacments are calculated at different locations inside the model. Changes in stress trajectories from fault intersections are found, and horizontal stress magnitude changes of the order of 10-15 MPa are likely to occur at the level ofthe repository. All models reach stability at the end of each loading sequence.


Management training and development is currently in vogue. There appears to be a growing belief in the benefits of investment in training and development. When a market is buoyant is the time to consider and anticipate the consequences of a future downturn in demand. Such a downturn in demand may demonstrate increasing pressure to "justify" investment in training and development. There is a long established academic body of knowledge on the subject of evaluating training and development. From research evidence and the authors′ experience, the sponsors and the providers of training and development pay scant attention to systematic evaluation of these activities and investments. It is the authors′ contention that when the market′s critical assessment of the value of training and development increases there will be an increasing interest in evaluation. An overview of the history of evaluation traditions is provided and the state of play is commented upon. It is noted that there is a shortfall between theory ...


It is becoming apparent that in their present form the OSI standards cannot readily accommodate time-critical applications and that major changes will be required if real-time applications are to be successfully implemented on OSI networks. It is now becoming apparent that initiatives to define ideal architectures capable of achieving particular absolute performance will never solve the problems of time-critical communications in all applications. Therefore it is relevant to reappraise the role of the network in time critical communications and provide guidelines for integrators to assist them in achieving an appropriate implementation for a specific application.


The development of information and control systems that provide solutions to the tasks of energy-saving management of complex technological objects is an urgent problem, since the introduction of such systems in various industries allows not only to reduce energy costs significantly, but also to improve the quality of products. One of the most labor-intensive stages in the development of an information control system is the creation of its algorithmic support, since the models, methods and algorithms being developed must take into account all the specific features of the control object. Modern industrial production, as a rule, includes many energy-intensive technological processes and facilities, among which it is possible to distinguish drying processes, which are widespread. The article deals with the development of algorithmic and software of information and control system by dynamic modes of tumble dryer unit used for distillery dreg drying. While the algorithmic support developing, methods of analysis and synthesis of systems at a set of operating states, the Pontryagin maximum principle, the method of synthesizing variables and graph theory were used. The software modules of the information control system that implement the developed algorithmic software are integrated into the existing production management system. The developed control system allows reducing energy costs in dynamic modes of drying processes by 3-10%.


The concept of flapping wing has served as a deep field of interest for aerodynamics engineers. It is based on the argument that flapping wing flight, is more efficient than traditional fixed wing at small scale and rotary flight. It is recognized that the flexible nature of membrane type wings can quantitatively increase aerodynamic stability by absorbing unsteady forces/moments which store elastic potential energy. Study of this type of wings at various flapping parameters like frequencies and airflow pattern will aid future researches in building a flapping wing with more beneficial effects to design UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)by using flexible membrane wings.


Abstract This article employs the cases of two luxury fashion retailers, Mulberry and Paul Smith, to examine the export of British goods and British identities to Japan. Anglo-Japanese trade cannot only be rationalized in economic terms. Rather, the article argues for a more nuanced understanding of the complex interrelationships between the economic, cultural, and symbolic within these transactions and the ways that contested representations of Britishness are inscribed across them. It is asserted that these complex relationships are evident throughout the length and breadth of the fashion commodity chain, with constructions of Britishness being inscribed at manifold points along it. As such, the article reveals that Anglo-British exports—and the visions of Britishness bound up in them—are the sum of many parts and players, and that these players inhabit the under-researched "backstage" regions of the fashion system beyond the marketing discourses, which have tended to constitute the prime subject of previous studies.


ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper is to examine a deficit in water for the Hsinchu area, the location of Taiwan's "Silicon Valley." The methods suggested in this paper to diagnose water shortage problems are simple and practical. The results show that Hsinchu is in an area without sufficient water to meet demand for domestic and industrial uses. Until the completion of the Baoshan II Reservoir in 2006, the most feasible options for the Taiwan Water Supply Corporation to offset the water deficiency in Hsinchu City over the next five years are: (a) to obtain water gratuitously from the southern Yungheshan Reservoir; (b) to import additional water at an extra charge from other sources such as the northern Shihmen Reservoir and the agricultural sector; and (c) to conduct a comprehensive water conservation program at the Hsinchu Science‐based Industrial Park.


The best available marker for epithelial ovarian cancer is still considered to be CA-125 due to a combination of reliability and general availability. HE4 is more sensitive than specific than CA-125, however the former is not in routine use. NICE still therefore recommends CA-125 rather than HE4. CA-125 is used for the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. αFP and βHCG are useful for identifying those who have tumours of germ cell origin.


Precipitation is the most important variable in the hydrological cycle and can be estimated through remote sensing. Thus, the use of estimated satellite data has been an alternative to the absence of meteorological stations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rainfall data of the TRMM satellite 3B43 product with observed data in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul for the period 1998 to 2019. For this purpose, it was used the regression analysis and statistical indicators: Bias, Root mean squared error (RMSE), Pearson correlation coefficient (r). For the most part, the satellite estimation data were satisfactory, especially for the months from March to November. The results indicate that the use of the estimated satellite data may be an alternative to the use of meteorological stations.


In this paper, a sufficient condition for asymptotic stability of nonlinear systems with impulse time window is derived, which avoids solving linear matrix inequalities. For the system with disturbance input and bounded gain error due to limit of equipment and technology in practical applications, another sufficient condition is also obtained. Numerical examples are carried out to validate effectiveness of the proposed results.


With the rise of the network,network language emerges,as a widely accepted language for cyber communication.Netspeak has sharp-cut uniqueness,so a lot of scholars and specialists have been paying special attention to it.The article analyses many issues about netspeak,such as its characteristics,its variability and the social reasons for it,and the problem whether it should be standardized.


In this paper, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method to efficiently combine information from multisensor remotely sensed images for pixel-wise semantic classification. The CNN features obtained from multiple spectral bands are fused at the initial layers of deep neural networks as opposed to final layers. The early fusion architecture has fewer parameters and thereby reduces the computational time and GPU memory during training and inference. We also propose a composite fusion architecture that fuses features throughout the network. The methods were validated on four different datasets: ISPRS Potsdam, Vaihingen, IEEE Zeebruges and Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 dataset. For the Sentinel-1,-2 datasets, we obtain the ground truth labels for three classes from OpenStreetMap. Results on all the images show early fusion, specifically after layer three of the network, achieves results similar to or better than a decision level fusion mechanism. The performance of the proposed architecture is also on par with the state-of-the-art results.


Introduction and objective: Radiograph is the head tool used for the endodontist to verify the characteristics of the root canal system; the problem is its two-dimensional character that could hide important information to ensure the success of the treatment, for that reason, it is necessary to evaluate the coadjutant contrast methods that increase the sensitivity of the instrument. To determine validity and reliability of two identifying techniques of radicular lateral ducts. Materials and methods: A diagnostic study was carried out in 82 recently extracted human lower premolars, with complete radicular formation. The measures were carried out by means of periapical radiographs with and without contrast media, using three dimensions (ortho-radial, medialradial and distoradial). For the analysis, tests of sensitivity and specificity were used with a level of significance of 5%. Reliability of the test for the type of radicular duct was evaluated by means of Kappa Cohen. Results: Radiographic technique with the contrast media and with distal orientation was the most sensitive (p=0.000). While the radiographic technique without contrast media and with mesial orientation was the most specific (p=0.000). No concordance was found between both techniques for the identification of radicular ducts.


An environmental material,aluminum-modified cenosphere particles,was synthesized by using composite means of wet and dry method.Static adsorption experiments were conducted to examine effects of adsorbent dosage,pH,competing anions,reaction time and temperature on fluoride removal from aqueous solutions.The results showed that the best pH of fluoride adsorption was at 3,the effect of competing anions on fluoride adsorption was in following order: mixture﹥dihydric phosphate﹥sulfate﹥nitrate,and the maximum adsorption capacity of aluminum-modified cenosphere particles was about 10.2 mg/g when temperature was 298 K,adsorbent dosage was 2.5 g/L,time was 24 h and pH was 3.Experimental data of fluoride adsorption fitted well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and indicated the better applicability of pseudo-second-order model.


This research present to obtain optical turbulence structure and refractive index information a long a near horizontal (0.035 Km) free space path length. Measurement the optical turbulence structure (Cn2), refractive index (nr), Pressure and temperature for several case in winter, spring, summer and autumn. Optical measurements were investigated using three different wavelengths of laser sources (808, 632 and 1064 nm) .we found the change in refractive index is very small but the change in refractive index structure is very strong.