We present an efficient two-phase approach to motion planning for small fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) navigating in complex 3D air slalom environments. A coarse global motion planner first computes a kinematically feasible obstacle-free path in a discretized 3D workspace which roughly satisfies the kinematic constraints of the UAV. Given a coarse global path, a fine local motion planner is used to compute a more accurate trajectory for the UAV at a higher level of detail. The local planner is iterated as the vehicle traverses and refines the global path as needed up to its planning horizon. We also introduce a new planning heuristic for 3D motions of fixed-wing UAVs based on 2D Dubins curves, along with precomputed sets of motion primitives derived from the vehicle dynamics model in order to achieve high efficiency.


Japan is a mountaineous country, and coastal areas have been looked upon quite valuable. In most cases, shorelines were slightly advancing until 1950, although there are some exceptional coasts which have been under continuous erosion for more than a thousand years. However, in the last thirty years, beaches began to be eroded one after another, and the countermeasure against beach erosion has become one of the most important problems in the national land preservation. Since the early 1960's, many seawalls against the beach erosion have been constructed. The table shows the amounts of the shore protection works constructed in the last twenty years.


The objective of this study was to determine the impact of promotion on job satisfaction and organizational productivity among staff of Usmanu DanFodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria. Sample was selected through stratified random sampling technique and data was collected from 341 staff (academic, senior non-academic and junior staff) category of the university, out of which 308 questionnaire was retrieved and therefore, analysis was based on the 308 returned questionnaire. The analysis was done with the use of SPSS software version 21, using descriptive analysis to describe demographic characteristics of respondents, Pearson product moment correlation to test the relationship between the variables while chi square and regression was also used in analyzing the data obtained from the field. The result indicated that there was positive significant relationship between promotion opportunity and job satisfaction. The study therefore, recommends that organization should consider promotion variable as a means of retaining best brain and reduce brain drain in the organization.


Aim to increase imaging speed in 2D elements mapping technique under high spatial resolution, high repetition rate laser-ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy was developed and its analytical performance on elemental analysis of aluminum alloys was evaluated.


Abstract This article considers an ordinary life test experiment under the assumption that the failure rate of an item is constant though different under the two conditions of usage, at regular intervals of time, one after the other. The data are assumed to be available in the form of singly or doubly truncated/censored samples of grouped observations. The method of maximum likelihood has been used to obtain the estimates of the two failure rates along with their variances and covariance for different situations.


Fanconi anemia (FA) patients are at higher risk of developing bone marrow failure (BMF) or cancer upon exposure to potential threats like viral infections, bacterial infections, carcinogens, and mutagens. Deleterious mutations in FA genes cause multiple cellular defects which include impaired ability to repair DNA interstrand crosslink lesions in the nucleus and impaired removal of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy in the cytoplasm. Fancc-deficient mice exhibit enhanced inflammatory response and are hypersensitive to lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock as a result of hematopoietic suppression. Considering the role of inflammation in pathogenesis of Fanconi anemia and bone marrow failure diseases in general, we asked whether inflammasome inhibition could be a promising therapeutic for the treatment of FA. Our studies demonstrate that MCC950, a small molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, can protect Fancc null mice from LPS-induced hemopoietic suppression and septic shock as evidenced by increased survival rate of Fancc−/− mice. MCC950 partially rescues the thrombocytopenia in peripheral blood and partially restores the loss of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP) pools upon LPS challenge. Further, Treatment with MCC950 significantly improved the bone marrow colony-forming capacity of Fancc−/− bone marrow cells in vitro. Our studies demonstrate that MCC950, a small molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, can protect Fancc null mice from LPS-induced hemopoietic suppression and septic shock and warrants further evaluation as a potential therapeutic strategy in FA.


THE INVENTION IS ON A DEVICE STABILIZED POWER SUPPLY, TYPE INCLUDING STATIC UPS POWERED IN NORMAL CONDITIONS BY THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF ELECTRIC POWER THROUGH A RECTIFIER AND IN CASE NETWORK FAILURE BY BATTERY BATTERY ASSOCIATED WITH BATTERY CONNECTED TO THE NETWORK. iNCLUDES IN sERIES, uPSTREAM OF THE UPS 9 A cHOPPER-BOOSTER 8, THE UPS AND THE cHOPPER-BOOSTER BEING CONTROLLED SYSTEM CONTROL 13 ACTING sEPARATELY ON THE cHOPPER-BOOSTER AND THE UPS FOR THE ONE HAND REGULATE, IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN CONSTANT SIGNIFICANTLY, THE RANGE OF OUTPUT AC VOLTAGE THE UPS AND ON THE OTHER HAND TO CONTROL SO AS TO MAINTAIN THE SUBSTANTIALLY CONSTANT fREQUENCY OF ALTERNATIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE UPS.


from the perspective of historical logic of the development of enterprise strategic management, summarizing the three enterprise strategic management, i.e, environment-based, industry (market) structure-based and resources knowledge-based management. To analyze the great function of knowledge management will do to the forming of enterprise competing advantage in the era of knowledge economy. It also tries to explore the path to the forming of enterprise competing advantage by dealing with knowledge absorbing and innovation, knowledge maintenance and protection, knowledge transfer and sharing, as well as the establishment of knowledge alliance.


Viruses exploit the ubiquitin system by targeting cell-surface receptors recognized by immune cells for internalization, thereby evading recognition. We have characterized the KSHV (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus)-encoded E3 ubiquitin ligases, K3 and K5. We find their activities not only prevent recognition by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, but also promote evasion of NK (natural killer) cells. NK cells recognize and lyse virus-infected cells expressing ligands for activatory receptors such as NKG2D (NK group 2D). K5 down-regulates cell-surface expression of the NKG2D ligands MICA/B (MHC class I-related chains A and B) by ubiquitination of MIC cytoplasmic tail lysine residues. Ubiquitination results in redistribution of MICA from the plasma membrane to an intracellular compartment, but does not result in an increased rate of degradation. Furthermore, K5 down-regulates cell-surface expression of another NK cell activatory receptor ligand, AICL (activation-induced C-type lectin). This activity requires the K5 RING (really interesting new gene)-CH domain and AICL cytoplasmic tail lysine residues. MICA and AICL down-regulation by K5 reduces NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity towards target cells, thus providing KSHV with an NK cell evasion mechanism. Introduction The ubiquitin signalling system is a hallmark of eukaryotes and is not found in prokaryotic organisms [1]. However, many pathogens have hijacked components of the ubiquitin pathway in order to modify the cellular environment and protect infected cells from the host immune system. An example of this piracy comes from the genome of KSHV (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus), which encodes the immune evasion genes K3 and K5. These genes are the founding members of a family of E3 ubiquitin ligases which possess a variant RING (really interesting new gene) (v-RING or RING-CH) domain. RING domain-containing proteins constitute the largest family of E3 ubiquitin ligases; 11 human RING-CH domain-containing proteins related to the viral immunoevasins have been identified [2,3]. K3 and K5 down-regulate MHC class I molecules through their E3 ubiquitin ligase activity [4,5]. However, this reduction may render KSHV-infected cells susceptible to NK (natural killer) cell activity. NK cells form part of the early innate immune response to infections, and are particularly important in defence against herpesviruses l [6,7]. NK cells can directly lyse infected cells and also induce and regulate the adaptive immune response; their cytotoxicity is controlled by a balance of activatory and inhibitory signals received through cell-surface receptors [8]. This review will focus


This investigation aims to evaluate the role of free radicals and the influence of radical scavengers in reperfusion injury of the skeletal muscle in male Wistar rats. Various parameters, including tissue blood flow, serum and calf muscle tissue levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactants, and the water content of calf muscles, were measured in the experimental setting, where infrarenal abdominal aorta was occluded for two hours followed by reperfusion with and without intraperitoneal administration of radical scavengers (superoxide dismutase or catalase). The rats were divided into four groups: group A: single laparotomy; group B: two-hour occlusion; group C: two-hour occlusion with superoxide dismutase; group D: two-hour occlusion with catalase. The increases in both serum and calf muscle tissue levels of TBA reactants following reperfusion were diminished in groups C and D as compared with those in group B. The water content of calf muscles showed a significant increase after reperfusion in group B, whereas it did not change in group D. The calf muscle tissue blood flow after reperfusion was significantly lower in group C than that in group B. These results indicate that oxygen-derived free radicals may be responsible for reperfusion injury in the lower extremity and that the attenuated blood flow during reperfusion produced by these scavengers seems to play an important role in reducing lipid peroxidation . In a clinical setting, limiting the rate of reperfusion blood flow may reduce the reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle.


ABSTRACT We analyzed the nuclear small-subunit rRNA genes of Acanthamoeba isolates from freshwater sources (n = 16) and from patients (n = 6) in Bangkok and surrounding areas. The T10 genotype from a keratitis patient and a novel T17 genotype from water samples were diagnosed for the first time in this study.


Equally cytopathogenic strains of types 1, 2 and 3 poliomyelitis virus were tested to see whether drugs with high inhibitory ratios against type 2 were equally active against all three types of poliomyelitis virus. Most of the compounds were equal in their effect against type 2 and 3 virus but some were less effective against an equal number of infective doses of type 1 virus. The compounds with the greatest differences in effectiveness were quinones or compounds capable of yielding a quinone Structure.


Falling amounts of natural resources and the 'peak oil' question, i.e. the point
in time when the maximum rate of extraction of easily-accessible oil reserves
is reached, have been among the key issues in public debate in Germany
on all levels: expert, business and – most crucially – the government level.
The alarming assessments of German analysts anticipate a rapid shrinkage of
oil reserves and a sharp rise in oil prices, which in the longer term will affect
the economic and political systems of importer countries. Concerns about the
consequences of the projected resource deficit, especially among representatives
of German industry, are also fuelled by the stance of those countries
which export raw materials. China, which meets 97% of global demand for
minerals crucial for the production of new technologies, cut its exports by
40% in summer 2010 (compared to 2009), arguing that it had to protect its
reserves from overexploitation.
In 2009 the value of natural resources Germany imported reached €84 billion,
of which €62 billion were spent on energy carriers, and €22 billion on metals.
For Germany, the shrinkage of resources is a political problem of the utmost
importance, since the country is poor in mineral resources and has to acquire
petroleum and other necessary raw materials abroad1. In autumn 2010,
the German minister of economy initiated the establishment of a Resources
Agency designed to support companies in their search for natural resources,
and the government prepared and adopted a national Raw Material Strategy.
In the next decade the policy of the German government, including foreign
policy, will be affected by the consequences of the decreasing availability of
natural resources. It can be expected that the mission of the Bundeswehr
will be redefined, and the importance of African states and current exporter
countries such as Russia and China for German policies will increase. At the
same time, Germany will seek to strengthen cooperation among importer
countries, which should make pressure on resource-exporting states more
effective. In this context, it can be expected that the efforts taken to develop
an EU resource strategy or even a 'comprehensive resource policy' will
be intensified; or at least, the EU's energy policy will permanently include
the issue of sourcing raw materials.


In today's society, planning for retirement finances is an essential matter. It involves more than just the simultaneous management of finances. It also involves projecting future income, asset values, and withdrawal schedules. Therefore, to progress the research development towards integrated efforts, it is essential to comprehend the themes of interest and widen collaborative networks. This study aims to provide an extensive bibliometric literature review on financial planning for retirement. All the articles were retrieved from Google Scholar database by using the Publishing or Perish (PoP) software. In this study, 793 papers out of 993 that were located in the Google Scholar database which covered the years 2018 to 2023 were examined. The chosen references were then categorised and visualized using the VOSviewer software. Generally, this analysis offers a useful starting point for future studies on the financial planning for retirement. After conducting research, it can be concluded that financial behaviour, financial knowledge, financial planner, retirement age and health are the priority components of financial planning for retirement.


The chest was opened in the 5th intercostal space, the leftphrenic nerve divided and the pericardium opened to exposethe left circumflex artery and vein. The circumflex coronaryartery wasdamagedand stenosed as described by Folts et al.(1976); briefly, about 2cm of the left circumflex coronaryartery was dissected free of surrounding tissue and theendothelium of


Linear Parameter Varying systems have state space representations that depend on time-varying parameters. This class of systems allows representing several types of systems such as non-linear systems, switching systems, multi-models, etc. This workshop aims at presenting some results in the field of LPV systems and applications, more and more studied in the control community. The aim is to bring together experts working in LPV systems to discuss new trends, exchange new ideas, establish fruitful contacts, and promote interactions among the various fields of interest.The proceedings gather the papers presented at the workshop.


There are many who think that to raise questions of confirmation/disconfirmation in the context of talking about the meaning of religious utterances is to show an almost complete lack of comprehension of their actual role in our lives. It is, so the argument runs, to treat them too much like hypotheses and to model God-talk too much on scientific discourse. A sensitive understanding of God-talk in its living contexts will show that it has a logic of its own which is in its own proper order. Dogmas and doctrines should not be regarded as opinions


Abstract In this paper we present an implementable predictor-corrector algorithm with its convergence. The proposed method is a MTY-P-C type and uses the two search direction such as AHO in predictor step and HKM in corrector step. The implementable MTY-P-C algorithm achieve a duality gap of at most ε in iterations.


Africa has a severe shortage of infrastructure. Addressing this shortage involves both correcting the problems of poor maintenance and underinvestment that have caused it and raising the finance for a phase of remedial investment. We review evidence that substantiates the shortage, in terms of both stocks and the potential for high rates of return. We then turn to the range of options for attracting remedial finance, focusing in particular on how they relate to the region's endowment of natural resources. Governments will need to build the regulatory and technical capacities to tap into this opportunity for leveraged private capital flows by reducing the risks associated with large, capital-intensive projects. Furthermore, governments must build the authority necessary to manage both the challenges associated with deferred public consumption and the time consistency needed to support long-term ventures.


The temperature effect of laser Raman scattering spectrum of optical fiber was researched. We applied the optical time domain reflection technique of optical fiber, laser Raman scattering spectrometry, bi-wavelength two channel detection technique, high speed instantaneous state wave-shape sample average technique and computer technique to the distributed optical fiber sensor temperature system, use it for the measurement of temperature field in space.


Introduction Chapter 1: Origins and Development of Mesoamerican Civilization (Janine Gasco, Marilyn A. Masson, Robert M. Rosenswig, Michael E. Smith) Chapter 2: Profiles of Late Postclassic Mesoamerican Peoples (Robert M. Carmack, Janine Gasco, Marilyn A Masson, Michael E. Smith) Chapter 3: The Mesoamerican World at Spanish Contact (Robert M. Carmack) Chapter 4: Mesoamerica and Spain: the Conquest (Louise M. Burkhart and Janine Gasco) Chapter 5: The Colonial Period in Mesoamerica (Louise M. Burkhart and Janine Gasco) Chapter 6: Indigenous Literature from Colonial Mesoamerica (Louise M. Burkhart) Chapter 7: Mesoamericans in the Neo-Colonial Era (Robert M. Carmack and Gary H. Gossen) Chapter 8: Native Mesoamericans in the Modern Era (Robert M. Carmack) Chapter 9: Transnationalism and the Political Economy of Mesoamerica (Liliana R. Goldin and Walter E. Little) Chapter 10: The Mayan Zapatista Movement (Gary H. Gossen) Chapter 11: Language and Languages in Mesoamerica (John S. Justeson and George A. Broadwell) Chapter 12: Women and Gender in Mesoamerica (Brenda Rosenbaum and Christine Eber) Chapter 13: The Indian Voice in Twentieth Century Mesoamerican Literature (Gary H. Gossen) Chapter 14: The Religious Traditions of Mesoamerica (Gary H. Gossen) Epilogue Glossary Bibliography Index


Abstract: Reserpine increases the levels of enkephalins in adrenal medullary chromaffin cells; however, the origin of the newly apparent pentapeptides has been the subject of debate, because no increase in the levels of proenkephalin mRNA has been observed. The present study was performed for determining if the reserpine‐induced increase in content of enkephalins was derived from processing of preexisting fragments of proenkephalin. Bovine chromaffin cell enkephalins and larger enkephalin‐containing peptides were separated by reversed‐phase HPLC and identified by approximate molecular weight, elution with peptide standards, and enkephalin sequences contained. Treatment of the cells with reserpine increased the levels of enkephalins and of enkephalin‐containing peptides of up to ∼3 kilo‐daltons without reducing the levels of larger enkephalin‐containing peptides. Similar results were obtained with another catecholamine‐depleting drug, tetrabenazine. In contrast, treatment of chromaffin cells with theophylline or forskolin increased the levels of both enkephalins and enkephalin‐containing peptides of all sizes. The results suggest that new synthesis of proenkephalin is required for the effects of reserpine, although proenkephalin processing is also altered by this drug.


The kinetics of the reaction of 3,3,10,10-tetramethyldispiro[184.108.40.206]tridecane-1,5,8,12-tetraone (1) with pyridine was studied in various pure solvents (protic and aprotic). Although this reaction afforded a polar zwitterion [the pyridinium β-oxoenolate derivative (2)], the solvent effect on the reaction rate was not as remarkable as that in the Menschutkin reaction; it was related to Gutmann's DN parameters rather than to the Dimroth–Reichardt ET values. The multiparameter analysis approach according to the Krygowski–Fawcett model in aprotic solvents and the Taft–Kamlet model in protic solvents was successful, giving log k2=–8.82 × 10–3ET– 17.4 × 10–3DN– 3.36 (r= 0.927; n= 8) and log k2=–0.734α+ 0.162β– 3.15 (r= 0.941; n= 6), respectively, Mechanisms are discussed.


Poland edged towards hyperinflation towards the latter half of 1989,but inflation fell dramatically after drastic reformswere enacted in January of 1990. We analyse the consistency betweenfiscal deficits and inflation targets and assessPoland's domestic and foreign debt management policies and the impactof the Brady debt reduction agreement on therelationship between fiscal deficits and inflation. We also assessthe impact of financial sector measures on seignioragerevenue and the sustainability of the low inflation strategy. Suchpolicies are shown to have a direct impact on thesustainability of inflation targets.


Proposes two methods of inputting fitness values that reduce the psychological burden of interactive genetic algorithm (GA) operators. The first proposal is an input method that allows discrete fitness values which require less attention from operators in scoring slightly different individuals. The second proposal is an input method that allows both discrete and continuous fitness values. These proposed methods are evaluated using two subjective tests for the task of drawing a face. The results of the subjective tests show that: (1) the first method is significantly better than the method which forces operators to input only continuous fitness values (P<0.01), and (2) the second method is significantly better than the first method (p<0.01).


Women's Economic Empowerment is a combination of individual's knowledge, ability, skills and confidence in handling their own financial decisions. Today, most of the social scientists believe that the degree of women's economic empowerment can be considered as a powerful indicator of their economic empowerment for the development of the respective countries. Even though women's economic empowerment is a circumstance of several antecedents, many researchers argue that financial literacy becomes a one of the major contributors of women's economic empowerment specially, among rural women. Further, this association can be varied in different socio-cultural contexts. However, there are sufficient evidences to argue that the association between women's economic empowerment and financial literacy can be changed with the effect of Level of financial inclusion among rural women. Hence, in this study, researchers examined this issue by investigating the mediating role of financial inclusion on the relationship between financial literacy and women's economic empowerment among rural women in Sri Lankan context. The sample for this study was drawn from rural poor women who are living under the poverty line by representing nine provinces in Sri Lanka. Altogether 426 rural poor women were selected and data were collected using a researcher administrated questionnaire. Further, the sample was designated based on the multilevel mixed sampling method and the unit of analysis was the women headed households in rural areas. Furthermore, as the principle data analysis approach, the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was employed, and Smart-PLS 3 was employed as the main analytical software. The findings revealed that financial literacy made significant impact to the women's economic empowerment and the influence of financial literacy is exaggerated by the mediation effect of financial inclusion among the rural poor women in Sri Lanka. Findings of the study will help the policymakers of Sri Lanka to undertake financial literacy development programs to ensure greater participation of women in the formal financial sector for enhancing their economic empowerment process.


The current research is on one hand an analysis of the consumption as a formative category and on the other hand, it focuses on its phenomenology in a unique context like in the Socialist Germany. The main roads of the cities were full of state-controlled posters which encouraged people to parsimony. The merchandise was little and the queues in the shops were always long, the lack of the currency launched new forms of barter and exchange of food, cultural goods and objects that were thought and built to last long. The modality of the choice in relation to the consumption gives way to other directions and reveals another sort of education of the consumption, namely an education of the non-consumption in line with the socialist dictate of parsimony. The delicate question of the consumption thus acts also on a moral level and ulteriorly becomes an educational tool of the Homo Sovieticus.


The present invention discloses a base station and a printing ink jet printing method, belonging to the light emitting device manufacturing. The print base station comprising: a carrier base material, the base extension, and jet pump valve; extension base set around the base of the loading, the loading base having at least one suction hole to attract the substrate, having a base extended at least one injection orifice; at least one vacuum suction hole connection, with at least one injection jet hole valve is connected, a valve for ejecting a gas jet to the surrounding loading base by at least one injection orifice to the substrate and the submount loading the solvent atmosphere formed around the edge pixels in a dry atmosphere of the substrate and the intermediate pixels coincide. The present invention, by increasing the extension of the base around the base of the loading, the display substrate may be removed in the area around the test area, the area of the display area is increased, thereby also reducing the bezel width of the liquid crystal display panel.


Gardening does not need to be an activity reserved for sunny days; there is much to do even in the cooler days leading up to spring – from soil play to growing a herb border, from planting veg to flower displays.


Object of the present invention has excellent corrosion resistance even in an environment where temperature and humidity fluctuate, there is provided a method for producing a surface-modified rare earth metal-based sintered magnet having excellent magnetic properties. The surface modified method for preparing a rare earth-based sintered magnet of the present invention as means to solve the problem, with respect to the rare earth metal-based sintered magnet, water vapor partial pressure of oxygen partial pressure at


Many nearest neighbor search algorithms rely on encoding real vectors into binary vectors. The most common strategy projects the vectors onto random directions and takes the sign to produce so-called sketches. This paper discusses the sub-optimality of this choice, and proposes a better encoding strategy based on the quantization and reconstruction points of view. Our second contribution is a novel asymmetric estimator for the cosine similarity. Similar to previous asymmetric schemes, the query is not quantized and the similarity is computed in the compressed domain. Both our contribution leads to improve the quality of nearest neighbor search with binary codes. Its efficiency compares favorably against a recent encoding technique.


 THE ROLE OF SAVING ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UNITED ARAB EMIRATES, 1980-2013: GRANGER CAUSALITY AND CO-INTEGRATION ANALYSES Dr.Majeed A Hussain Associate Professor Department of Econometrics, American University in the Emirates Dubai, UAE. Dr. Afaf A. Saaed Associate Professor Department of Applied Economics, American University in the Emirates Dubai, UAE. The objective of the paper is to study of the role of savings on economic growth in UAE. The controversy surrounding the direction of causality between saving and economic growth motivated this study. The study employed the Granger-causality and co-integration techniques to analyse the relationship between saving and economic growth in UAE during the period 1980-2013. The study methodology is based on the econometrics analytical approach to estimate the parameters' value and the trends of the economic relations between the study variables by using the cointegration and Granger causality techniques. Johansen cointegration test indicates that a positive long run relationship between the study variables, while Granger causality test reveals that significant bilateral causality between the savings and the economic growth, this means that the economic growth Granger causes saving in the short run, and also the savings Granger cause the economic growth in the long run. Thus, we reject the Keynesian theory that it is economic growth that leads to higher saving, and accept the solow's theory that it is saving that leads to economic growth. These results indicate that the saving could stimulate the economic growth, and the savings could accelerate the economic growth in the long run. The study recommends that government and policy makers in UAE should employ policies that would attract more savings in order to accelerate economic growth which would lead to raise GDP per capita and UAE standard of living. KEYWORD: Private Savings, Economic growth, Econometrics, Kingdom of Bahrain.


Presents a Web teaching system based on the virtual classroom management, which improves the existing curriculum teaching Website for the purpose of resource sharing, so that teachers can organize the teaching activities and control teaching schedule in accordance with the requirements of classroom teaching. Therefore, the organizational structure of the teaching Website can accommodate the requirements of actual classroom teaching. Designs and realizes the teaching system by using J2EE technology.


The European Association of Hospital Pharmacists (EAHP) cordially invites hospital pharmacists and other interested healthcare professionals to join the Association's 25th Anniversary Congress. Between 24th and 26th of March 2021, EAHP will celebrate the silver jubilee of its congress together with hospital pharmacy professionals from all over the world in Vienna, Austria.

To commemorate this special occasion, the Scientific Committee of EAHP has prepared an exciting programme touching on the future of the profession. Under the main headline 'Hospital Pharmacy 5.0 – the future of patient care', experts will share the latest advances in technologies that will shape the way how pharmaceutical care in hospitals will be delivered in the upcoming decades. By joining EAHP's anniversary congress, participants will be able to attend keynotes, seminars and workshops focused on artificial intelligence, mHealth, 3D printing, personalised medicine and other subjects that will influence the work of hospital pharmacists towards the optimal outcomes for patients. Like every year, the congress programme will also …


Drilling ever deeper, and thus in increasingly difficult conditions, is associated with restrictive requirements that must be met by cement slurries. This implies the need to use advanced, innovative measures that will significantly improve the performance parameters of the cement slurry and cement stone. Due to its unique properties, an admixture of nanosilica improves the properties of the cement stone and allows for appropriate zone insulation. The article presents the results of strength tests of cement stone samples with the addition of silica nanoparticles deposited in an environment of increased temperature of 90 °C. In all three cases of modification with an admixture of nanosilica (type 1, 2 and 3, concentration 0.5%, 1% and 5%), the cement stone shows an improvement in mechanical properties, which is manifested by an increase in compressive strength. The most homogeneous results of strength measurements are for cement slurries with an admixture of type 3 nanosilica (the highest average strength: 132–149% in relation to the base sample). They show the smallest stretch marks and deviations from the average. The highest average increase in strength is for the sample with the addition of 1% nanosilica (on average 124% in relation to the base sample). This amount causes the greatest increase in strength with no significant deterioration of rheological parameters.


BACKGROUND
Measurement of refraction of non-cooperative patients is a real challenge for the ophthalmologist. Retinoscopy produces exact results in experienced hands, but requires practice and time. The Videorefractor VRB 200 (manufactured by Tomey, Erlangen) was especially designed for refracting children. The aim of this study is to prove the accuracy of this tool in measuring refraction.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
259 patients (age 10 month to 77 years) were measured with the VRB 200. Each patient was examined by retinoscopy in cycloplegia and refracted with the Topcon autorefraktor RM-A 6000. Ametropia was evoked at 5 emmetropic volunteers by lenses of different power, placed in a trial frame. These measurements were performed with and without use of cycloplegic drugs.

RESULTS
The VRB 200 showed an average error of spherical equivalent at ametropia of the range -4 to +4 Diopters (dpt) < 2 dpt. At higher ametropia the error grew increasingly. Repeated measurements of one patient showed high variation of the results. Astigmatism was measured worse by growing magnitude, especially at diagonal axis (45 degrees and 135 degrees). Anisometropia > 2 dpt has been discovered in only 72%. It was possible to examine many infants and handicapped patients, which was impossible by using the RM-A 6000. An examination by retinoscopy was possible in all cases, but needed a lot of time and patience.

CONCLUSIONS
The concept of good handling suffers especially by the increasing inaccuracy at ametropia beyond +/- 4 dpt. At this state of development the VRB 200 is no alternative in practical use to the conventional retinoscopy.


The tradition of usage the national language foundation for Ukrainian syntactic terminology was continued іn linguistic works of the 20s – 30s of the 20th century. Such scholars as O. B. Kurylo, K. T. Nimchynov, I. I. Ogijenko, M. Perehinets, A. N. Sinyavsky, M. M. Sulyma and others support term creating process on the base of Ukrainian language. Terminological material illustrates the efforts of Ukrainian scientists to find motivated and transparent terms on the national ground, so their works will get criticism and accusations in nationalism.
From the 30s of the 20th century theoretical developments in syntax and grammar of the Ukrainian language became slowlier in general. Supporters of Soviet ideology criticized linguists because of deliberate detachment from borrowed terminology, it caused scientists' repression and the contempt of many grammatical works, textbooks, dictionaries etc. Using the terms of Russian grammar is domineering because of development and impact of studies on Russian syntax.
The source of our modern terminology is Ukrainian grammar: Syntax (1935) by N. A. Kaganovich and G. V. Shevelev, which certified the basic terms of Ukrainian syntax: proste, skladne; povne, nepovne; poshyrene, neposhyrene; rozpovidne, pytalne, oklychne; osobove y bezosobove; rechennia skladne skladnopidriadne, skladnosuriadne; bezspoluchnykove etc.
The choice of specific terms to denote syntactic concepts – is so called swing on an axis "own – borrowed". During the formation of Ukrainian syntactic terminology linguists chose transparent nomination focused on native language. Authenticity of terminology arose sharply and was decisive for the formation of Ukrainian scientific language.


Background: The use of social media for health related activities is widely accepted to be on the increase. There is limited guidance, however, on how to systematically review the data available on social media sites in the context of health. Although systematic reviews are becoming increasing important in public health research, there are currently no known examples of its application to the data available on social media sites.

Objective: To evaluate whether the widely applied PRISMA guidelines for conducting systematic reviews, can be repurposed and applied to the data available on Twitter. This will be achieved through conducting an exploratory study to assess the relevance of gestational diabetes-related postings to the clinical condition of gestational diabetes and the topics and intensions represented in these messages.

Methods: This paper applies the PRISMA guidelines for conducting systematic reviews to the identification, screening, selection and synthesis of diabetes related tweets that were posted in September 2013. This data was extracted between May and November 2013, from a 1% Twitter sample. The sample was analyzed in a three-stage process. Firstly, the search term "diabetes" was used and tweets were screened and selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Recurrent topics were then identified using mixed-methods of synthesis. Finally, these themes were then applied to the gestational diabetes specific tweets. Based on the experience gained from conducting the exploratory study into gestational diabetes, the PRISMA guidelines were later reviewed to determine their applicability and limitations when applied to the data available on social media sites.

Results: The first stage of the process identified 2888 tweets that referred to diabetes. These data were screened for their relevance to health and 1870 were selected for further analyses. This in turn identified 23 conceptual codes across 4 categories; characteristics of the tweet, content of the tweet, stakeholder group for which the tweet is relevant and intention of the tweet. The final stage indicated that gestational diabetes was only referred to in 31 tweets and these only related to 12 of the identified themes.

Conclusions: Given the limited number of conceptual codes that were present in the data sample, initial findings from the exploratory study suggest that Twitter is not the social media site of choice for authors to post or consume content in relation to the clinical condition of gestational diabetes. The experience gained from applying the PRISMA guidelines concludes that although the data available on social media sites is primary data, rather than secondary data in traditional systematic reviews, many of the requirements can be repurposed and applied to qualitative health data available on social media sites. It is hoped that this study will provide initial guidance on how to systematically review the content of social media sites as well as facilitate further discussion and research into how social media sites are used to discuss different health related topics. []


There is a need for robust and effective trust management. Different security problems result in different requirements to the design of trust management, and the existing attacks in trust management for security are yet to be solved. In this paper, we first propose a framework to classify desired properties of trust management for each type of security problems. We then investigate typical representative attacks and existing solutions in trust management for security. By considering both these security properties and attacks on trust management systems, our work serves to propel the design of more effective and robust trust management systems for security.


The genus Platyonitis Janssens is diagnosed, and the two species are keyed. P. smeenkorum sp. nov. from Kenya is described and illustrated. P. oberthuri Janssens is illustrated and Kenyan records are given. The status of Epionitis Balthasar is briefly discussed.


A CMOS-compatible complementary SINFET (Schottky injection field effect transistors) process is described. The high speed n- and p-channel SINFETs use Schottky-barrier injectors to provide higher current handling capability than presently available in a CMOS-compatible HVIC environment. Schottky-barrier height enhancement implants are used to optimize the injection level in the SINFETs n- and p-buried layers which are used for breakdown control and isolation. Low-voltage CMOS control circuits and complementary merged MOS-bipolar output devices with current sourcing and sinking capabilities can be fabricated using the process. >


psychodynamic ideas). Other topics include drug problems, residential treatment, delinquency, and the important and rather neglected issue of depression in adolescence. Several go to undue length to make sensible but rather straighfforward points ; the chapter entitled †̃¿ Thinking about Health and Mental Health' (sic) has the least to say in the most words. The section on Sociocultural Psychiatry is the most successful. Among the authors of its ten chapters are such well known figures as Leighton, the Dohren wends, Gruenberg, Wittkower and Brody. Most of the chapters are concerned with †̃¿ critical issues' rather than systematic coverage of the field, a policy which may account for some of the unevenness in the quality of the chapters. Like the preceding section, this suffers from its over-written chapters (e.g. that on the important subject of the black minority groups), but on the whole it reaches a high standard. The last and longest section, with twenty chapters, is about community psychiatry. This broad and difficult topic is covered by a series of articles which consider a number of rather practical issues concern ing the delivery ofpsychiatric care to the community. It makes interesting reading for those working outside the United States and it is a sharp reminder of the great differences in the delivery of health care between that country and our own. The contribu tions, which are somewhat repetitious, consider the organization of mental health care nationally and within local communities; they deal with the ideas behind community health programmes and with practical advice for those engaged in the work; they consider programmes for different social organiza tions—schools, colleges, industry; and for different client groups—drug abusers, alcoholics, and the suicide prone. In the midst of all this there is a very worthwhile chapter on the social breakdown syndrome by Gruenberg. This volume continues the style and approach of the two thathave been reviewedalready,and like them itisa considerable work. Itwould hardlybe possible to produce a volume on this scale without some faults, and it contains much that is good. It will certainly add to the reputation of the Handbook. On the evidence of these three volumes, it is clear that the larger hospital libraries will do well to acquire


power twovariances — Power analysis for a two-sample variances test Syntax Menu Description Options Remarks and examples Stored results Methods and formulas References Also see Syntax Compute sample size Variance scale power twovariances v 1 v 2 , power(numlist) options Standard deviation scale power twovariances s 1 s 2 , sd power(numlist) options Compute power Variance scale power twovariances v 1 v 2 , n(numlist) options Standard deviation scale power twovariances s 1 s 2 , sd n(numlist) options Compute effect size and target parameter Experimental-group variance power twovariances v 1 , n(numlist) power(numlist) options Experimental-group standard deviation power twovariances s 1 , sd n(numlist) power(numlist) options where v 1 and s 1 are the variance and standard deviation, respectively, of the control (reference) group, and v 2 and s 2 are the variance and standard deviation of the experimental (comparison) group. Each argument may be specified either as one number or as a list of values in parentheses (see [U] 11.1.8 numlist). 1 2 power twovariances — Power analysis for a two-sample variances test options Description sd request computation using the standard deviation scale; default is the variance scale Main * alpha(numlist) significance level; default is alpha(0.05) * power(numlist) power; default is power(0.8) * beta(numlist) probability of type II error; default is beta(0.2) * n(numlist) total sample size; required to compute power or effect size * n1(numlist) sample size of the control group * n2(numlist) sample size of the experimental group * nratio(numlist) ratio of sample sizes, N 2 /N 1 ; default is nratio(1), meaning equal group sizes compute(n1 | n2) solve for N 1 given N 2 or for N 2 given N 1 nfractional allow fractional sample sizes * ratio(numlist) ratio of variances, v 2 /v 1 (or ratio of standard deviations, s 2 /s 1 , if option sd is specified); specify instead of the experimental-group variance v 2 (or standard deviation s 2) direction(upper|lower) direction of the effect for effect-size determination; default is direction(upper), which means that the postulated value of the parameter is larger than the hypothesized value onesided one-sided test; default is two sided parallel treat number lists in starred options as parallel when multiple values per option are specified (do not enumerate all possible combinations of values) Table no table (tablespec) suppress table or display results as a table; see [PSS] power, table saving(filename , replace) save the table data to …


Many social changes are occasioned by mechanical inventions and scientific discoveries. Although the reporting of discoveries is not well developed, and although it is difficult to forecast their significance, an attempt is made to select 100 inventions and discoveries, largely in applied science, for 1927, and mainly from the United States, which may be socially significant. The list is from the fields of medicine (with 13 listed), vitamins and ultra-violet light (7), medical instruments (4), biology (11), agriculture (9), chemistry (9), metals and mechanical devices (5), engineering (8), physics (4), electricity (3), radio (7), aviation (6), geology (3), safety devices (6), and from miscellaneous fields (7).


This article emphasizes on the implication of the doctrine of capital maintenance which means the capital of a company needs to be kept intact for there is a contribution of the creditors and retaining the capital is normally expected to guarantee repayment to the creditors. Any reduction of capital can diminish the liability of members and consequently the position of the creditors can be vulnerable. Therefore, an attempt has been made by this study to reveal the origin, objective and application of the doctrine of capital maintenance to find out a way by which we can save the interest of the creditors as well as satisfy the needs of the modern business. Northern University Journal of Law Vol.IV 2013; p.47-55


The Bullion site in Area 20 of the Nevada Test Site has been selected for an intensive study of the hydrologic consequences of underground testing, including subsequent radionuclide migration. The bulk of the chimney and cavity lie in zeolitized tuffs of low hydraulic conductivity, while the base of the cavity may extend downward into more conductive rhyolite flows. A mathematical analog to the Bullion setting is used here to estimate expected radionuclide migration rates and concentrations. Because of a lack of hydrologic data at the site, two contrasting scenarios are considered. The first is downward-transport, in which downward hydraulic gradients flush chimney contents into the conductive underlying units, enhancing migration. The other is upward-transport, in which upward gradients tend to drive chimney contents into the low-conductivity zeolitized tuffs, discouraging migration. In the downward-transport scenario, radionuclide travel times and concentrations are predicted to be similar to those encountered at Cheshire, requiring approximately 10 years to reach a proposed well 300 m downgradient. The upward transport scenario yields predicted travel times on the order of 2,000 years to the downgradient well. The most likely scenario is a combination of these results, with vertical movement playing a limited role. Radionuclides injected directly intomore » the rhyolites should migrate laterally very quickly, with travel times as in the downward-transport scenario. Those in the zeolitized tuff-walled portion of the chimney should migrate extremely slowly, as in the upward-transport scenario.« less


Objective: The fixation of tibial fractures is challenging, especially when the fractures involve the proximal or the distal metaphysis. This article reports the experience at the Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital of the use of the interlocking compression nail in the treatment of closed and open tibial fractures. Patients and Methods: From January 2000 to April 2002, patients who received interlocking compression nails for their tibial fractures were monitored until they were fully rehabilitated. The configuration of the nail, size and length of the nail used, intraoperative application of active compression of the fractures, mode of interlocking, use of any additional procedures such as bone grafting and dynamisation, time required for radiological healing, presence of complications, and the time of implant removal were studied retrospectively from medical records. Results: Twenty two patients with acute tibial fractures were recruited into this study. All but 1 of the fractures showed radiological union in a mean of 16.6 weeks (range, 7 to 42 weeks). Full knee and ankle motion was preserved for all patients. There was no major complication such as compartment syndrome or pulmonary embolism. No mechanical nail failure was noted. Minor complications included broken distal locking bolt (n = 1), proximal locking bolt impingement (n = 1), and transient peroneal nerve palsy (n = 3). Conclusion: The interlocking compression nail is effective for the treatment of tibial fractures, especially of those located at the distal metaphysis.


Product quality of small wheeled tractor is analyzed based on the first 3C test.Some unqualified projects are analyzed with some examples.Questions and suggestions are put forward according to the test data of 81 products from 46 enterprises,which show enterprises need to improve production level and strengthen man-machine engineering design.Suggestions are given as well for the governmental departments to support the enterprises in the aspects of policy and economy to enable the small wheeled tractor improve greatly in the future.


Time for another guest post from a POLIS Summer School student – this time, Sofia Diogo Mateus from Portugal reflects on what the media can offer Africa.


The dielectric absorption studies of acetophenone, pyridine and their binary mixtures, both consisting of rigid molecules, have been studied at 8.93 GHz in the dilute solutions of benzene at different temperatures. The relaxation times, dipole moments, thermodynamical parameters, viz. free energy, enthalpy and entropy of activation have been calculated from the dielectric data. The relaxation time (1: 11) of the single component agrees well with literature values. The experimental values of relaxation time (1: 11) of the dipolar mixture have been compared with the theoretical values obtained by employing different methods. The non-linear behaviour of ~ 2 versus mole fraction is explained on the basis of solute solute molecular association between these two-polar rigid molecules. The values of the molar entropy for the relaxation process indicate that , the cooperative orientation of the molecules in the single component system is retained in the mixture also.


Paper examined optimal capital structure to manufacturing company in Indonesia for period 1990 to 2010. Panel Data Model is used to analyze effect ratio debt to total asset or debt to equity to value of company by proxy stock price and total assets. This paper found that ratio debt to total asset was vary from 31 percent to 84 percent. This ratio has normal distribution. This paper also find that there is no optimal capital structure in Indonesian Company. Dummy to present crisis period significantly affect value of the firm. Debt to Equity Ratio dan Debt to Total Asset Ratio and Dummy significantly affected value of company if the proxy is Total Asset. Debt to Equity ratio did not significantly affect value company if the proxy is stock price.


We reported previously that neurofilaments (NFs) of aged rats were highly packed in the axon and contained a smaller amount of NF‐M as compared with those of young rats (Uchida et al. [ 1999 ] J. Neurosci. Res. 58:337–348). We studied NFs of the mutant mouse, named Klotho, which displays prematurely symptoms resembling human aging. The transport of axonal cytoskeletal proteins, including NFs, tubulin and actin, was decreased at the leading portion of the peak of transported proteins in Klotho during the process of premature aging. The nearest neighbor inter‐NF distance in Klotho axons (35–39 nm) was shorter than that of the wild‐type mouse (48–49 nm), indicating the packing of NFs in Klotho. The ratio of NF‐M to NF‐L was slightly decreased in cytoskeletons from the spinal cords of Klotho. These changes are similar, though not identical, to those observed in aged rats, and are the first evidence of age‐related changes in the neurons of Klotho. J. Neurosci. Res. 64:364–370, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Improving the growth and productivity of flower bulbs via biostimulants is a very imperative topic. Therefore two field experiments were conducted during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons to investigate the efficacy of moringa leaf extract (MLE), seaweed and/or GA3 treatments on improving the growth, flowering and corm production of gladiolus. MLE was extracted and diluted at a ratio of 1:30 (v:v). Seaweed was applied at 1g/L. Moreover, the applied concentrations of GA3 were 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L. The growth characters and flowering attributes were significantly improved compared with the control due to MLE or seaweed as a solely treatment or even in combination with GA3 concentrations in both experimental seasons. The productivity of corm and cormlets was also enhanced by using both biostimulants and/or GA3 application. Furthermore, the chemical analysis indicate that N, P, K, total chlorophyll and total carbohydrate content were increased in gladiolus leaves treated with MLE or seaweed and/or GA3 treatments in both seasons. Conclusively, MLE, seaweeds and/or GA3 applications enhanced the growth characters flowering attributes and corm production of gladiolus. The most effective treatment was MLE and GA3 at 100 mg/L. MLE and seaweeds may be applied as a promise and ecofriendly plant growth stimulants to modulate the growth and productivity of gladiolus.


Cement production is a major contributor to global CO 2 (Carbon dioxide) emissions. To minimize its environmental impact while maintaining the required mechanical properties of cement, there is a pressing need for sustainable production processes. This paper focuses on developing sustainable cement production processes by optimizing the mechanical properties of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) using data-driven models based on artificial intelligence. The study explores the use of data augmentation techniques, specifically the copulas method, to improve the performance of linear regression models for linking the compressive strength of LC3 with its mix design. While data augmentation using copulas can be useful in augmenting tabular data, its effectiveness in improving linear regression performance may depend on the statistical characteristics of the original data. The method successfully generated additional data that preserved the original statistical properties, but it did not always lead to significant improvements in linear regression performance. The research highlights the potential of data-driven models for optimizing cement materials properties and emphasizes the importance of considering the statistical characteristics of the original data when applying data augmentation techniques.


The study of rhythm theory in different periods,there were different feartures with various musicians in the different Schools.Those theories was short of consistency of development,especially their own researching independency in generally.The rhythm theory with its analyse were attached the harmonical theory or pitch system sometimes,and it leaded to the present situation of researching on rhythm theory.The article discussed the issues above and made some of writer's opinions on it.


In reference to Mr. Harrington's remarks on Rhynchites bicolor, I may say that it has been taken at Hamilton regularly for quite a number of years, never very plentiful but not considered rare. I always obtained my specimens when beating second growth oak and hickory. There are wild rose bushes in that locality, but I do not remember ever beating a rose bush; if I had known enough I might have found it more abundantly.


This paper introduces fitness technologies and describes how research mostly looks at the 'fanciness' of certain cardio-based technologies rather than how they motivate users. From the view that exercise should ideally be fun, but most often needs basic motivation, we suggest studying how technology can help motivating people to exercise. Finally, the motivation for attending the workshop on 'Monitoring, measuring and motivating exercise' is given.


This is a report of preliminary findings of a pilot study conducted at the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. The study examined the use of adjunctive hypnotic techniques with families in which at least one member was a hemophiliac. It is suggested that hypnotic approaches may be more effective if they take into consideration patient-family and family-hospital relationships. Advantages of an open-systems, clinical-research model of hemophilia are presented.


In this paper, we introduce a new cryptographic primitive, called autonomous path proxy re-encryption (APPRE), which is motivated by several application scenarios where the delegator would like to control the whole delegation path in a multi-hop delegation process. Compared with traditional encryption, it provides much better fine-grained access control to the delegation path. Briefly speaking, the delegator designates a path of his preferred delegates. The delegation, for ciphertexts of a delegator, can only be carried out on the autonomous path designated by the delegator, in the sense that re-encrypted cipher texts along the autonomous path cannot branch off with meaningful decryption, and original ciphertexts generated a path differently and cannot be inserted into (i.e., cannot be transformed along) the autonomous path with meaningful decryption. We give the formal definition, as well as the formal security model, for this cryptographic primitive. Under this concept, we construct double masking and blockchain to secure the files that have been generated to the server. Our scheme is with the useful properties of proxy re-encryption, i.e., uni-directionality and multi-hop. Data sharing is a depriving user's direct control over the outsourced data, which inevitably raises security concerns and challenges. Client-Centric Proxy Re-Encryption scheme gives a concrete solution for secure data sharing in which deprives user's direct control over the outsourced data. Enriches data privacy and confidentiality with highly grained access and prevents user data from third-party access. Increases privacy and confidentiality by providing a double masking technique to the user files that are stored distributed. Highly enhances user data with a double masking technique that encrypts data in a bidirectional manner. With double masking, data that has been stored in CSP will be highly confidential, where zero knowledge about files has been provided to CSP. Along with that blockchain, the mechanism has been proposed to prevent data from anomaly attacks. In addition to blockchain periodically verifies user data to maintain trust management of every file in the system. Key words-Encrytion, cloud providers, Decryption, key generation center, proxy re-encryption, ip address.


Provided herein is an audio processing apparatus including: a controller configured to determine an initialization mode for processing video and audio signals provided from an audio provision apparatus of among a plurality of initialization modes, and to perform an initialization process differently according to the result of determination; and an audio processor configured to process the audio signal and output the processed audio signal, when the initialization process is performed.


Mechanotransduction involves the conversion of mechanical stimuli to intracellular signaling to modulate gene and protein expressions and hence cellular functions in endothelial cells, thus playing importance roles in the regulation of homeostasis in health and disease. The aim of this paper is to investigate the dynamics of mechanotransduction in endothelial cells by the use of fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) to study the temporal and spatial activation of Src kinase and focal adhesion kinase, both of which play critical roles in many cellular processes. The results have contributed to the elucidation of the roles of these two important signaling molecules and their interactions in mediating mechanotransduction.


In relation to the joining of aluminium nitride ceramics to metal, the reaction products and the reaction mechanism between AlN and Ni have been investigated under a nitrogen or an argon atmosphere at temperatures of 1273-1673K. Using AlN-Ni powder mixtures, reaction rates were determined by thermogravimetric analysis and the reaction products were examined by X-ray diffraction. The reaction between AlN and Ni occurred above 1250K under both N2 and Ar atmosphere. Under N2 atmosphere, the reaction product was only a Ni-Al solid solution. Under Ar atmosphere, at higher temperatures and on prolonged heating, the reaction product was changed in the following order: Ni-Al solid solution, Ni-Al (s.s.)+Ni3Al, Ni3Al, Ni3Al+NiAl and finally NiAl. The initial rates of the reaction obeyed a linear rate law. Under both N2 and Ar atmosphere, the rate constants and the activation energies (224 and 210kJ/mol) showed comparable values. The reaction rate is thought to be controlled by a chemical process, such as the dissociation of AlN. When the Ni particles were covered with a reaciton layer, the rate obeyed a parabolic rate law. The rate constant under N2 atmosphere was 2 orders of magnitude lower than that under Ar atmosphere. In the range of stability of Ni-Al(s. s.), the activation energy under N2 atmosphere (124kJ/mol) was almost identical to that under Ar atmosphere (127kJ/mol). Under Ar atmosphere, the activation energy for Ni3Al formation was 342kJ/mol. The kinetics are probably determined by solid-state diffusion through the reaction layer.


The article deals with the penetration of new words in the Russian language usage through the modern English prose by means of such translation transformations as transcription and transliteration. These words begin to participate in word-formative processes of the Russian language, and give accuracy of expression, emotionally expressive and stylistic diversity to the translation. The authors conclude that the used translation techniques are an effective way to augment the lexical base of the Russian language.


It is an inevitable trend for libraries to develop.As a library of a ocean and fishery university,the author puts forwards suggestions on the improvement of personalized service in operation mechanism,information resource construction,collaboration,client information demand,technology system,learning and training of the librarians.


Theoretical fundamentals of mitigating DC bias current for smooth system operation are seldom researched. We have validated and verified the relationship of system DC bias current of power transformer and system operation mode. The simulation model based on PSCAD/EMTDC contains two 500 k V DC transmission lines and 220 k V transformers adjusted to grounding pole and is built up by using the method of AC system network modeling. By DC bias current distribution simulations, it is found that the developed simulation model has an error margin of less than 10% and has the ability to recur the actual operational scenarios. Comparison is performed on DC current distribution scenarios among the neutral points of specific transformers under the conditions of single grounding pole and dual grounding pole. It is revealed that the potential difference decides the mechanism of various distribution characteristics of DC current through transformer neutral points, which provides the theoretical fundamentals for mitigating the DC bias current for the smooth system operations.


›DISCUSSION Flexible sigmoidoscopy revealed a normal perianal area. A diffuse area of severely erythematous, congested, and pseudomembrane-covered mucosa was found in the rectosigmoid colon. Biopsy indicated diffuse moderate to severe active colitis. A diagnosis of autoimmune colitis secondary to the ipilimumab was confirmed. Ipilimumab, which mediates the immune system and was FDA-approved in March 2011, has been administered to hundreds of cancer patients.1 Although generally well-tolerated, it may cause colitis, hypophysitis, thyroiditis, hepatitis, uveitis, retinitis, and rashes.2 Patients who suffer adverse events are thought to respond best to treatment. The CTLA-4 antibody activates the antitumor T cells by blocking the major negative regulator of T cell function. CTLA-4, an immunoglobulin superfamily surface receptor, is expressed on the surface of T cells upon activation.3 Colitis can occur anywhere in the GI tract. Diarrhea occurs in 30% of cases, about 8% of which are grade IV and require inhospital treatment with high-dose corticosteroids.4 Patients should be evaluated as soon as possible after the onset of diarrhea. Those with grade I diarrhea (2 or fewer episodes in 24 hours) should record the frequency and characteristics of the diarrhea. Those with grade II diarrhea (3-6 episodes in 24 hours) should have sigmoidoscopy and biopsy; if symptoms progress or do not diminish to grade I and the patient has no abdominal symptoms and/or bloody diarrhea, an ›CASE The patient was a 71-year-old female with diarrhea containing mucus and pink-red streaks 3 to 5 times daily for the past week. She reported abdominal cramping, chills, and nausea but no fever or emesis. Bowel movements were small, about 1 tablespoon in quantity. Early satiety had caused a weight loss of 6 to 8 lb in a week's time. The patient's history included stage IV metastatic melanoma (involving the scalp, lung, hilar nodes, and liver) that had progressed despite an adoptive cell transfer. She was being treated with the CTL-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blocker ipilimumab (Yervoy). Her history also included coronary artery disease, MI, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, stroke, cholecystectomy, depression, and tonsillectomy. The patient took lisinopril, citalopram, baby aspirin, metformin, atenolol, multivitamins, and amlodipine daily. She denied drinking alcohol, smoking, and any recent travels or exposures. On examination, the patient was in no acute distress. Vital signs were stable. Lungs were clear to auscultation bilaterally. The abdomen was soft and nondistended with positive bowel sounds in all four quadrants. Slight tenderness was present in the suprapubic area. No guarding, rebound tenderness, palpable masses, or splenomegaly was present. Stool was brown and positive for guaiac. Results of a CBC with differential and chemoral slow corticosteroid taper starting at 60 mg prednisone should be considered. Patients with grade III symptoms (7 or more episodes in 24 hours) should undergo GI consult, scope, hydration, and IV corticosteroids starting at 120 mg methylprednisone (A-Methapred, Solu-Medrol, generics) twice a day with a slow taper until symptoms diminish to grade I, when oral dosing should begin. If diarrhea does not respond to high-dose steroids (HDS), treatment with infliximab (Remicade) should be considered. Treatment The patient was started on IV HDS until her symptoms diminished to grade 1, when she was discharged on a slow oral taper of prednisone starting at 150 mg twice a day. She was instructed to decrease the dosage by 25 mg every 3 days until she reached a dosage of 100 mg daily, at which point she would switch to 10 mg every 7 days. If diarrhea had restarted during the taper, corticosteroids would have been reinitiated. Outcome To date, restaging scans, which occur every 3to 4-months, have shown a decrease in tumors and no new disease. She has been off corticosteroids for 2 months and is doing well with no further diarrhea. JAAPA


Anodized porous silicon (PS) has been investigated in relation to its structural change at elevated temperatures of ≦1100°C in a vacuum by means of infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and gas adsorption techniques. The structural change observed is strongly dependent on foreign atoms chemisorbed or bonded to Si atoms on the pores in PS; in the case of chemisorption of H atoms, a significant change in the pore structure is induced, while in the case of O, the formation of thin oxide walls (1–2 nm) prevents Si atoms from moving about. These results are compared with molecular orbital calculations (AM1 method) for Si14H20 and its related clusters. The importance of the surface energy is consistently indicated for the structural change observed.


The molecular structure of the title compound, [Zn(CH3COO)2(C12H12N2)], consists of isolated molecules bisected by a twofold rotation axis which goes through the ZnII cation and halves the organic base through the central C—C bond. The ZnII ion is coordinated by two N atoms from one molecule of the aromatic base and four O atoms from two bidentate, symmetry-related acetate anions, which coordinate asymmetrically [Zn—O distances of 2.058 (2) and 2.362 (3) Å], while the two Zn—N bond distances are equal as imposed by symmetry [2.079 (2) Å]. The crystal structure is supported by a number of weak C—H⋯O interactions and C—H⋯π contacts, with no π–π interactions present, mainly hindered by the substituent methyl groups and the relative molecular orientation. The result is a three-dimensional structure in which each molecule is linked to eight different neighbors.


The social pathology of attempted suicide in Great Britain has been intensively investigated by Stengel and Cook (1958) and Kessel and Lee (1962). Attempted suicides have also been studied in the context of the general hospital by Woodside (1958), and Harrington and Cross (1959), and in that of general practice by Batchelor (1955). The purpose of the present investigation was to compare attempted suicides with other patients referred for psychiatric treatment (controls) and discover whether attempted suicides have a greater degree of social disorganization than is usually found among other psychiatric patients. The factors of social disorganization investigated were the broken home, unstabilizing factor in the household, unemployment, change(s) of address, and marital disharmony.


We have observed a distinct surface phase transition for an important class of colossal magnetoresistive materials, La0.65D0.35MnO3 (with D = Sr, Pb) occurring in a surface layer compositionally different from the bulk. The surface phase transition occurs around 240 K compared to 350 K for the bulk and is fundamentally different. In the bulk, a ferromagnetic metal to paramagnetic 'bad metal' occurs, while the lower-temperature surface transition is from an n-type (in case of La0.65Sr0.35MnO3) or a p-type (in case of La0.65Pb0.35MnO3) semiconductor to a semimetal with increasing temperature.


This paper launches a study on the innovation mechanism and process of China's automotive industry based on the theory of Sectoral System of Innovation (SSI). To explore the influence of innovation mechanism and process on the industrial innovation capability, a theory model is proposed, in which the innovation mechanism is divided into three parts consisting of forcing mechanism, management mechanism and learning mechanism, and the innovation process being divided into three phases including accumulation process, transformation process and diffusion process. The innovation capability is evaluated from input, output and collaboration side. Further/empirical tests are conducted to support the analytical model, adopting the method of questionnaire survey and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings show that the forcing mechanism plays the dominant role in stimulating innovation input, the management mechanism mainly supports the industry innovation for China's automotive industry, and the learning mechanism is a long-term process, which could promote innovation inputs fundamentally. Innovation process considered, the accumulating process contributes most to the effective organizing and collaborating of automotive industry, the transforming process is the core element of industry innovation, which is the necessary condition for high quality innovation input and output. Taking into account of the conclusions above, some policy recommendations from the sight of innovation mechanism and process are put forward in the end.


To study the relationship between the coagulative factors of sera and different hepatic diseases. Acl-200 automatic coagulometer was used to detect partial thromboplastin time test(APTT)?prothrombin time(PT)?fibrinogen(Fib) and the concentration of D-dimei. The coagulation insufficiency and fibrinolytic activation existed in various degrees of all patients with different hepatic diseases. PT, APTT, FIB, D-dimer were respectively (13.6±1.06)s, (32.4±4.57)s, (2.57±0.46)g/L, (0.89±0.22) mg/L in patients with hepatitis, (17.7±5.60)s,(43.4±13.3)s,(2.10±0.88)g/L,(2.46±0.61)mg/L in patients with liver cirrhosis, (14.55±2.74)s,(34.8±5.55)s, (3.50±1.16)g/L, (2.31±0.8) mg/L in patients with liver cancer,(13.02±0.62)s, (32.0±2.0)s, (2.81±0.78)g/L,(0.45±0.11) mg/L in normal persons. There were significant differences among the groups of hepatitis, hepatocirrhosis , liver cancer and normal ( P 0.05 or P 0.01). The values of D-dimer from hepatitis were not significantly different with those from normal subjects, ( P 0.05); In contrast, increased levels of Fib ( P 0.01) were detected in 28 liver cancer patients. [Conclusion] Abnormal levels of PT, APTT, FIB and D-dimer were detected in patients with different hepatic diseases.


Linear and non-linear coupling of a waveguide coated with a C60 Langmuir-Blodgett film is investigated from 2 to 20 mW using the 514.5 nm line of an argon ion laser. The results show that non-linear coupling occurs when the input power in increased to 6 mW and extends to 14 mW. This property of a lower threshold for non-linear coupling to occur may be used for power limitation or in an optical switch in guided-wave optics.


While adopting a knowledge-based perspective on organizations has been valuable, since, among other things, it enables us to see links between organizational learning and a firm's competitive advantage through the development of idiosyncratic capabilities, it has nonetheless tended to treat organizational knowledge as 'given', exploring how it is related to other 'given' variables. The focus of this special issue is to unpack the notion of organizational knowledge by exploring the processes and practices through which knowledge is constructed and created in organizations. A constructivist perspective assumes that 'knowledge' presupposes work and seeks to explore how what comes to be considered as organizational knowledge is established and validated (or fails to do so). By seeing organizational knowledge as work we can further probe into how knowledge is shaped by organizational strategies and incentives and, more radically, how power and politics influence the struggle between competing bodies of knowledge in organizations.


Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of on-spot emergent transcatheter artcrial embolization for splenic injury in comprehensive operation rescue shelter following natural disasters or during wartime.Comparative analysis the indication, feasibility and safety of using different embolic agents interventional treatment traumatic spleen rupture in comprehensive operation rescue shelter. Methods: The catheter was inserted into spleen artery by seldinger's technique via the femoral artery and then DSA was performed to showed injured arteries.In order to embolize the bleeding arteries, The catheter was super-selectively inserted into the artery then different embolic agents were infused into it.Observe the time and the amount of contrast agent and effect of transcatheter closuring of damaged blood vessels successfully. Results: All the operation were successful, the hemostatic effect is good, here was no serious complication. All the animals were observed for two weeks,no animal died. Conclusion: Comprehensive operation rescue shelter has good mobility and environmental adaptability,which meets the requirement of minimally invasive interventional diagnosis and treatment of vascular injury in the shelter.According to the different types of vascular injury, appropriate selection of different types of embolization agent, can be achieved very good results.


A hand tracking system for recognition of virtual spatial drawings is presented. Using a stereo camera, the 3D position of the hand in space is estimated. Then, by tracking the central region of the hand in 3D and estimating a virtual plane in space, the intended drawing of the user is recognized. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of this technique. The system can be used to communicate drawings and alphabets to a computer where a classifier can transform the drawn alphabets into interpretable characters.


The new disulfonylamines R -N (SO2Me)2, where R = cyclopropyl (1), cyclobutyl (2), cyclopentyl (3) or cyclohexyl (4), were prepared according to an established one-step procedure (condensation of RNH2 with two equivalents of MeSO2Cl, NaH as basic auxiliary). Whereas the structure determination for 1 was marred by severe disorder, compounds 2 -4 have been characterized by low-temperature X-ray diffraction (2: monoclinic, space group P21 Z ' = 2, pseudo-P21/c packing; 3: triclinic, P1̄, Z' - 1; 4: orthorhombic, Pbca, Z ' = 1). The four independent molecules display puckered carbocycles, whereby the electronegative (MeSO2)2N substituent occupies an equatorial position, leading to short intramolecular C - H···O contacts (2: angles of ring pucker φ ≈ 30-33°; 3: envelope conformation, φ ≈ 40°; 4: chair conformation, φ1 ≈ φ2 51°). In accordance with known congener structures, the C(sp3)-N (S)2 moieties feature trigonal-planar N configurations and unusually long C -N bonds (ranges for 2-4: C -N 148.8-150.8 pm, S -N 166.6-168.9 pm, S -N -S 118.3-119.3°). The three crystal packings are governed by a plethora of weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds C(sp3)-H···O , and a thorough survey of these interactions reveals that the inductively activated methyl groups are distinctly more efficient hydrogen bond donors than the methine and methylene ring groups. In each structure, the principal hydrogen bonds create layer substructures parallel to a unit cell face, which are cross-linked by the remaining C -H···O contacts to form three-dimensional networks


This article addresses the intersection of cultural policy and urban development in Denmark. It provides an overview of European strategies for culture‐led development, and reviews the role of culture and creativity within strategies for development in Denmark. It then presents an analysis of a questionnaire survey of Danish local authorities concerning their use of culture as a tool of development. This analysis suggests that local authorities tend to pursue social rather than economic objectives. It is argued that a more refined approach is necessary for these social strategies to be effective.


Dolomite has been use as refractory lining material in B.O.F. since its inception. Performance of dolo lining depends largely on the physico-chemical properties of the material used. Good lining material is made from purer
raw material with superior physical properties.

 In India, high purity dolomite has not been used so far. Study was undertaken with two samples with very low impurity content obtained from Madhya Pradesh area and one samplw with comparitively higher impurity level from Orissa region. Sintering characteristics, crystal growth and hydration resistance of these samples fired at tempe-ratures of 1600c, 1800c and 2000c were studies.

 It was found that sintering of higher purity dolomite required a temperature level of around 2000c. Crystal growth and hydration resistance improved with higher firing temperature. Good quality BOF lining material can be made with the high purity material obtained from Madhya Pradesh area.


BMIG business You may have noticed that since late last summer th e BMIG website has not been functional. Orange pulled the plug on the hosting of the website (and many others). The e xcuse was that they wanted users of their free webspace t o move to a more sophisticated web hosting environment! They sent out a warning email about two weeks beforehand, but there were so many spelling and grammatical errors that i seemed to be a phishing scam like those that originate in Russia and the far east wanting you to log in, provide your password etc etc. so it was ignored. Glyn Collis has been wo rking hard to get us back into cyberspace and requests that me mbers sign up to the BMIG google e-discussion group. Much of the information from the old BMIG website is now availa b e at: http://groups.google.com/group/bmigroup/web/index-2


OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the application of computer network in the management of inpatient pharmacy in our hospital.METHODS:The application of computer network in our inpatient pharmacy was introduced,and problems existed in the application were analyzed.RESULT CONCLUSION:The function of Hospital Information System in the management of inpatient pharmacy can be realized only though its incessant improvement in practice.


The tradition of faculty psychology is brought to bear on contemporary online discourses purveying the sense of a "meaning crisis" in western consciousness. Taking the social media outreach and scholarly research of psychology professors Jordan Peterson and John Vervaeke as some of the most influential commentary on what Vervaeke has popularly labeled the "meaning crisis," this paper offers the media scholarship of Marshall McLuhan and the psychological theory of Magda Arnold as more compelling sources both for defining the socalled "meaning crisis" and for addressing it. Explicating Arnold's retrieval of Thomas Aquinas' discussion of the "cogitative sense" in her psychology of the emotions, this paper uses Arnold's work to shed light on McLuhan's theory of media environments in order to contextualize the "meaning crisis" in relation to the psychic attitudes correlative to electric and digital technologies.


Land management evaluation can be made more relevant and holistic by incorporating local knowledge and perspectives. We examined whether photo elicitation and photovoice could enhance semi-structured interviews in capturing local livestock farmers' knowledge and perspectives in a participatory evaluation in Mier and Molopo, South Africa. The participants discussed themes including veld condition, land management, and evaluation criteria. Photo elicitation provided more details (62% of instances analyzed [Mier]; 58% [Molopo]) and new information (75% of instances analyzed [Mier]; 65% [Molopo]) beyond those in semi-structured interviews. Photo elicitation also enriched data with personal or concrete examples, comparisons, contrasts, explanatory information, and revelation of attitudes or values. Photovoice created opportunities for mutual learning among the participants. The main drawbacks for the two photographic methods were additional time and equipment requirements, and the risk of omission. These two methods represent unrealized potential for supporting natural resource management research and projects.


Under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), a verification regime that includes the ability to conduct an On-Site Inspection (OSI) will be established. The Treaty allows for an OSI to include many techniques, including the radionuclide techniques of gamma radiation surveying and spectrometry and environmental sampling and analysis. Such radioactivity detection techniques can provide the "smoking gun" evidence that a nuclear test has occurred through the detection and quantification of indicative recent fission products. An OSI faces restrictions in time and manpower, as dictated by the Treaty; not to mention possible logistics difficulties due to the location and climate of the suspected explosion site. It is thus necessary to have a good understanding of the possible source term an OSI will encounter and the proper techniques that will be necessary for an effective OSI regime. One of the challenges during an OSI is to locate radioactive debris that has escaped an underground nuclear explosion (UNE) and settled on the surface near and downwind of ground zero. To support the understanding and selection of sampling and survey techniques for use in an OSI, we are currently designing an experiment, the Particulate Release Experiment (PRex), to simulate a small-scale vent from an undergroundmore » nuclear explosion. PRex will occur at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). The project is conducted under the National Center for Nuclear Security (NCNS) funded by the National Nuclear Security Agency (NNSA). Prior to the release experiment, scheduled for Spring of 2013, the project scheduled a number of activities at the NNSS to prepare for the release experiment as well as to utilize the nuclear testing past of the NNSS for the development of OSI techniques for CTBT. One such activity—the focus of this report—was a survey and sampling campaign at the site of an old UNE that vented: DILUTED WATERS. Activities at DILUTED WATERS included vehicle-based survey, in situ measurements with high-purity germanium (HPGe) and hand-held LaBr3 systems, soil sampling with a variety of tools, and laboratory gamma spectrometric analysis of those samples. A further benefit of the measurement campaign was to gain familiarity with the many logistical aspects of performing radiological field work at NNSS ahead of the PRex. Many practical lessons concerning the proper methodologies and logistics of using the surveying and sampling equipment were noted. These Lessons Learned are compiled together in Appendix A. The vehicle-based survey was successful in that it found a previously unknown hotspot (determined to be 232Th) while it demonstrated that a better method for keeping a serpentine track without staking was needed. Some of the soil sampling equipment was found to be impractical for the application, though core sampling would not be the correct way to take soil samples for a fresh vent deposit (as opposed to an old site like DILUTED WATERS). Due to the site's age, 137Cs was the only fission radioisotope identified, though others were searched for. While not enough samples were taken and analyzed to definitively link the 137Cs to DILUTED WATERS as opposed to other NNSS activities, results were consistent with the historical DILUTED WATERS plume. MDAs were compared for soil sampling and in situ measurements.« less


We report preliminary results of photoluminescence and Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (O.D.M.R.) studies in microcrystalline silicon elaborated on sapphire by LPCVD and plasma-hydrogenated at 400°C. The 5K luminescence spectrum shows 6 unresolved bands between 0.45 and 1 eV, and one broader band at higher energy (1.4 eV). The 0.75 and 0.85 eV bands show an ODMR enhancing and quenching signal, respectively. The enhancing spectrum is a convolution of two signals : a narrow signal at g = 1.9997, width 18 Gauss, and a broad signal at g = 2.016, width 100 Gauss. The quenching signal is at g = 2.0043 and of width = 25 Gauss.


This article is the first in a continuing series of biographical pieces on women who have made significant and continuous contributions to microwave science, technology, and applications over the course of their careers. Currently, women represent fewer than 7% of the members in the Microwave Theory and Technique Society (which hosts this journal). This series aims to correct that gender imbalance by highlighting the accomplishments of women and inspiring others to join their ranks. The articles are based on oral histories with the subject, conducted in conjunction with the IEEE History Center and deposited online with the Engineering and Technology History Wiki. The focus of this article is Dr. Linda Katehi, an IEEE Life Fellow, who is recognized for her contributions to phased array packaging and high-frequency characterization of novel feeding networks for printed antennas and arrays. She has spent her career in academia, including many years in university administration, but she has never been far from her research.


We read with interest the comments by Yadav et al [1] on management challenges involved in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at their center. They reiterate several important aspects and difficulties specific to the developing world, especially India [2]. We believe that the following comments would be noteworthy. The authors suggest that outcomes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved up to 60% to 74%. However, the authors cite a single-center experience with modest number of patients. Earlier we have shown that although outcomes in ALL in India are improving, these results are certainly not generalizable to the entire nation and therapy abandonment and high rates of relapse and mortality continue to be major challenges [3]. Additionally, there is clear need of using contemporary risk-adapted treatment protocols in ALL. The authors discuss the management experience of pediatric AML at their center, which clearly adds to the body of existing and sparse literature from India. Although publication of outcomes is not mandatory, rigorous assessment of institutional outcomes is clearly important and helpful for further planning. The rate of abandonment at their institution is very high (54.9%). Further insights into the exact causes of therapy abandonment and loss to follow-up would be extremely useful to design urgent interventions [4] to prevent this high rate of dropout. More inputs from the authors as to the cost of therapy (which is likely several-fold higher) at their non–public-funded institution would provide useful information to shed light on the pattern of abandonment. Details of the treatment protocol and any modifications in doses and duration done to suit the logistics of administering intense therapy in a resource-limited setting would help other pediatric oncologists in India. With high treatment-related mortality, the authors report a very modest survival at their institution and rightly suggest the need of improving supportive care at their center. Especially, if those who abandoned therapy are included in the calculation of survival, the outcome would drop to 11.8% (6 alive out of 51 who presented to


as they sang hymns about 'lesser breeds without the law' and recited poetry on the white man's burden. A pre-war book about foreign settlers even carried the pejorative title Non-Britishers in Australia (Lyng, 1927). Yet, identifying foreigners and even being one has become quite fashionable during the last decade. We no longer stress how white and British we are, except in quotation marks. The proper epithets these days are multicultural society, pluralism and ethnicity. We have theories as well as policies about these cultural forms and all decent social scientists


Simple brominated ethanes and ethylenes like 1,2-dibromoethane (DBA) and tribromoethylene (TrBE) are widespread, toxic contaminants and able to persist in soil and groundwater. Some of these compounds are used as intermediates in the production of resins and as wood preservatives. Previous uses include additives for leaded fuel and fumigants for agricultural use (Falta et al., 2005). For the corresponding chlorinated ethylenes, a combination of layered iron(II)-iron(III) hydroxides (green rust) and biochar has been reported to efficiently dechlorinate and thereby detoxify the compounds within a short time span (Ai et al., 2019). For the brominated equivalents, there is only little research on their corresponding debromination reactions, although the contaminants are often present in anoxic sediments and groundwaters (Patterson et al., 2007). In this study, it is demonstrated that various shrimp shell biochars can catalyze the abiotic debromination of tribromoethylene, 1,2-dibromoethane, cis/trans-dibromoethylene, vinyl bromide and bromoethane by green rust sulfate in aqueous solution and in groundwater samples. 1,2-dibromoethane and tribromoethylene were reduced to ethylene and acetylene respectively, within 24 hours, using a shrimp shell biochar, pyrolyzed at 900°C for 2 hours, followed by acid treatment. All reactions followed pseudo first-order kinetics. Further work is being performed on post pyrolysis treatments. Three treatments have been tested: no treatment (NT), acid treatment (AT) and acid treatment + CO2 activation (CO2). The SS900CO2 was the most reactive. The SS900NT was the least reactive. Full reduction of DBA and TrBE was observed by total molar recovery of ethylene and acetylene.


—We compiled all records of the Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) in Oklahoma to provide an overview of timing and location of occurrences. Most accounts were from published works, but some were from unpublished field notes of ornithologists. To these records we add details of various calling birds in northwestern Oklahoma in spring and summer 2006. Although there is but 1 confirmed breeding record of the Black Rail for Oklahoma, recent records and established populations in southern and central Kansas suggest that the Black Rail may be a rare breeding species in Oklahoma. Intensive and systematic surveys of suitable habitat are needed to clarify this species' status in Oklahoma. Introduction.—The Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) is the smallest of North America's rails. It inhabits fresh and saline marshes and low-lying meadows with shallow standing water and breeds in habitats supporting fine-stemmed emergent plants, particularly grasses, sedges and rushes (Eddleman et al. 1994). There are 2 subspecies in the United States, the nominate L. j. jamaicensis of the East Coast and scattered sites inland and the smaller, darker L. j. coturniculus of coast of California and desert of southeastern California and western Arizona (Ripley 1977). Most research on the Black Rail has been conducted in coastal regions of the United States, such as Florida and California (Legare et al. 1999, Legare and Eddleman 2001, Conway et al. 2004). In those states, specific needs of populations are well understood. By contrast, little is known about this species and its status inland, despite possible breeding populations and current records. No studies have been conducted on the Black Rail in Oklahoma, and most published works that cite Oklahoma records lack detail. Our goal was to compile all known accounts of the Black Rail in Oklahoma and to highlight gaps in our knowledge of this species in the state. Herein we summarize historical and recent accounts of the Black Rail in Oklahoma and make recommendations for future research on the species in the region. Historical Records (1915–1977).—Between 1915 and 1977 there were 10 reports of the Black Rail in Oklahoma (Table 1, Fig. 1). The state's first record is from 1915 (no specific date was given), when a bird was caught in a garden north of Gate, Beaver County, following a heavy autumn rain (Lewis 1930). The next record is from 16 May 1924, when a bird was collected at Mussel Shoals in Norman, Cleveland County, by C. E. 6 Bull. Okla. Ornithol. Soc. County Year Date No. Notes Beaver 1915 1 sight report (Sutton 1967) Cleveland 1924 16 May 1 specimen (Nice 1931, OMNH 08446) Greer 1940 1 sight report (Tyler 2005) Johnston 1951 11 October 1 sight report (Baumgartner 1992) Johnston 1957 16 September 1 sight report (Baumgartner 1992) Johnston 1971 23 April 1 sight report (Baumgartner 1992) Alfalfa 1971 4 May 1 sight report (Baumgartner 1992) Alfalfa 1971 19 August 1 photograph, breeding record (Sullivan 1976) Alfalfa 1973 29 August 1 sight report (Sullivan 1976) Noble 1973 22 September 1 sight report (Bartrush 1975) Osage 1977 7 June 1 sight report (Baumgartner 1992) Beaver 1999 14 September 1 specimen (Tyler 2005, CUMZ 1172) Tillman 1999 26 September 1 sight report (Tyler 2005) McCurtain 2002 27 August 1 sight report (W. D. Arbour pers. comm.) Beaver 2006 9 May–14 June 2+ audio recording (E. Beck et al.; Fig. 2) Woodward 2006 4 June 1 sight report (S. McConnell pers. comm.) Ellis 2006 26 June–11 July 4+ sight report (S. McConnell pers. comm.) Woodward 2006 27–30 July 1 sight report (S. McConnell pers. comm.) Fig. 1. Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) locations in Oklahoma, 1915– 2006. Legend: s = spring records (mid-May to mid-June); l = fall records (late August to mid-October); n = date unknown. Table 1. Records of the Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) for Oklahoma. Records supported by physical evidence—specimen, photograph, or audio recording—are displayed in bold typeface. Institutional abbreviations for specimens are: OMNH = the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History in Norman; CUMZ = Cameron University's Museum of Zoology in Lawton.


We obtain exact matrix elements of physical operators of the (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear sigma model of an SU(N)-valued bare field, in the 't Hooft limit N goes to infinity. Specifically, all the form factors of the Noether current and the stress-energy-momentum tensor are found with an integrable bootstrap method. These form factors are used to find vacuum expectation values of products of these operators.