This thesis aims to understand the narration strategy of Korean film 〈The Day He Arrive〉. Since the 1990s, there has been a popular cycle of films that rejects classical storytelling strategies and replaces them with complex storytelling. Complex storytelling films are divided into interwoven plot films and entangled plot films. 〈The Day He Arrive〉 is a good example of entangled plot film. To analyze 〈The Day He Arrives〉, the narration theory of Bordwell was modified and complemented to be used as the analysis framework. The narration theory of Bordwell explains the narrative structure of the film and the narration of the audience from the Aristotle perspective. Bordwell understood the narration of the audience as a process for creating another story by filling in the gaps between plots based on the plot information provided by the film and the schema of the audience. To create gaps, the film uses the retardation and redundancy strategies. By intentionally delaying plot information or using the redundancy strategy to repeatedly provide identical or similar plot data, entangled plot films make audience narration a daunting task. To properly understand the narration of entangled plot films, the Bordwell's concept of gap must be modified according to the characteristics of entangled plot films. This study adopted the concept of Iser, who understood the gap between plots as an 'unclear' part of text that triggers the 'free interpretation' of the audience. The gap of entangled plot films adjures the audience to infer appropriate stories according to their own narration. As entangled plot films, the complicated plot of 〈The Day He Arrives〉 is composed of controllable space and characters. By using the redundancy strategy 'concentrated & preliminary exposition,' the audience infers the story based on the information given in the early part of the movie (scenes #1-5). However, due to the 'distributed & delayed exposition' retardation strategy and the 'redundancy strategy at the level of the relations between plot and story', the audience discovers gaps in the story and begins to actively use the provided plot information to fill in these cracks. Filling the gaps of entangled plot films, the audience experiences phenomenological contemplating about the world recognition.


The recent proliferation of modern portable devices and applications demands to deploy in-house high-speed Internet on the move. Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) wireless with its inherent multi-Gb/s capacities is seen as an alternative to fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) that has benchmarked the access of future Internet through fiber. This paper investigates a suitable approach to interface FTTH with mm-waves that enables in-house transparent and seamless access to Internet on the move through cordless access to FTTH. In such case, in addition to fixed point access, in-house optical network unit (ONU) establishes mm-wave cordless communications without any translation of FTTH data or modulation format.


The invention provides a system and a method for accessing a cloud game. The system comprises a sensor used for detecting a gesture signal and transmitting the gesture signal to a cloud game association device, the cloud game association device used for receiving the gesture signal, calculating the displacement of a gesture and associating the displacement of the gesture with a related cloud game identifier, a network communication device used for transmitting the cloud game identifier to a server through a network and transmitting picture data of the corresponding cloud game started by the server according to the cloud game identifier, and a picture playing device used for receiving the picture data and decoding and displaying the picture data. According to the system and the method, the cloud game is combined with 'shake it up', and a certain kind of cloud games are randomly extracted according to interests of users.


Objective To explore the prognostic influence of combination therapy with mild hypothermia and edaravone for acute cerebral infarction.Methods Two hundred and forty-five cases of diagnosed as acute cerebral infarction within 72 hours of onset were randomly divided into four groups according to the doctor visiting time.All the groups were treated with routine drugs.Combined therapy group (65 cases ) was treated with mild hypothermia combined with edaravone.Mild hypothermia group (59 cases ) was treated with local mild hypothermia.Edaravone group (58 cases) was treated with edaravone.Control group (63 cases) was only treated with routine drugs.The European Stroke Scale (ESS) score was performed before treatment,30 days after treatment.The activity of daily living (ADL) scores were evaluated before treatment,30 and 90 days after treatment.Results ESS scores were (45.22 ± 16.94),(46.88 ± 22.54),(47.13 ± 10.92),(46.94 ± 16.41 ) scores before treatment in combined therapy group,mild hypothermia group,edaravone group,control group respectively.ALD scores were (20.54 ± 14.65 ),(20.94 ± 10.93),(21.83 ± 14.71),(23.61 ± 18.91 ) scores before treatment in combined therapy group,mild hypothermia group,edaravone group,control group respectively.There were no differences in ESS and ADL scores before treatment among the groups.ADL scores were higher 30,90 days after treatment in combined therapy group [(59.57 ± 30.99),(74.46 ± 25.61) scores] than those in mild hypothermia group [(43.91 ±27.61),(58.13 ±26.62) scores) and control group [(34.58 ±27.75), (45.56 ±26.10) scores] (P < 0.05) and higher after 90 days treatment than that in edaravone group [(62.83 ± 28.74) scores] (P < 0.05 ).ESS scores 30 days after treatment in combined therapy group [(72.24 ± 14.54) scores] were higher than those in mild hypothermia group [(65.88 ± 17.76) scores],edaravone group [(65.27 ± 18.02) scores],control group [(60.62 ± 14.97) scores] (P < 0.05 ).The effectiveness in combined therapy group [63.08% (41/65)] was higher than that in mild hypothermia group [42.37%(25/59)],edaravone group [41.38% (24/58)] and control group [23.81% ( 15/63 )] ( P < 0.05 ).The mortality rate in combined therapy group [9.23 % (6/65)] was lower than that in mild hypothermia group[10.17%(6/59)],edaravone group[12.07%(7/58 )] and control group [12.70% (8/63)],but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05 ).Conclusion The combination therapy with mild hypothermia and edaravone can improve the prognosis of acute cerebral infarction.

Key words:
Brain infarction;  Mild hypothermia;  Edaravone


The present invention pertains to a process for preparing a rubber precursor or a rubber composition comprising a modified inorganic oxygen-containing particulate material comprising the steps of: a) preparing a mixture of the modified inorganic oxygen-containing particulate material and a first solvent; and b1) adding the mixture to a rubber precursor comprising at least one polymer and optionally a second solvent; or b2) adding the mixture to a rubber composition comprising at least one monomer of a rubber precursor and optionally a second solvent, and polymerising the monomer(s) to form the rubber precursor; c) optionally cross-linking the rubber precursor in the presence of a cross-linking agent to form a rubber composition; and d) optionally removing the first and/or second solvents before, during or after any of the steps b1), b2), and c). The invention further pertains to rubber compositions comprising rubber and inorganic oxygen-containing particulate material modified with a coupling agent. ® KIPO & WIPO 2009


Solar array drive assembly is an important part of the spacecraft. It is used to rotate the solar panels. The gear assembly in solar array drive assembly plays a key role in transferring power safely. Nonlinear behavior of gear assembly, like the chaotic motion, can highly affect the stability and operating life of solar array drive assembly. Clearances in gear assembly which were neglected for simplification in past years have increased the risk of failure and become a problem in accurate control. To investigate the clearances effect on nonlinear behavior, this paper establishes a new dynamic model of the gear assembly with bilateral clearances. The main difference comparing to general spur gears is its unique hysteresis stiffness may also influence the clearance effects. Transformation of the hysteresis loop is observed from theoretical equations using different parameters. Bifurcations and chaotic analysis of the system are carried out by numerical simulations in this study. The results show that the variation of clearances may induce the chaotic behavior into gear transmission even when the primary response is stable. When the system step into the chaotic region, it has a high risk of unstable vibration and fuzzy output. The influence of excitation frequency on the chaotic motion of the system is also provided. Chaos thresholds are calculated to avoid nonlinear behavior of the system in design and control. This study makes it possible to predict the unstable clearance interval in this system and avoid the system stepping into chaotic motion. Analyzing and predicting the chaotic behaviors can contribute to the further studies on design and control of the solar array drive assembly.


The study of chemical-biological interrelationships reaches its most challenging levels of complexity and difficulty in human clinical investigation. Whether the objective is development of a new drug, better understanding of an old one, or further elucidation of life processes which normally or pathologically distribute, transform, and eliminate exogenous and endogenous chemical substances, there is no experimental subject more important and more complex than man. And since no experimental subject is more difficult to study systematically than man, there probably is no area of biology and medicine where computer science and technology are needed more, but exploited less, than in human clinical investigation.


Nitrogeneous fertilizer industry generated so many spent catalysts during the manufacturing of fertilizer's. In production of ammonia and other products, different types of catalysts are used. After periodically use of the catalyst due to the poisoning effect of foreign material and impurities, which deposit on the surface of the catalyst, they will become inactive. In such cases fresh catalysts have to be substituted and the spent catalyst will be discarded as waste material. Spent catalyst waste reduction at source can be achieved by using improved more active and more stable catalysts, regeneration and reuse of deactivated catalysts in many cycles, before the final disposal. The spent catalyst can be recycled by using them as raw materials for recovery of valuable metals and other products.


The utility model belongs to special processing equipment for automobile steel plate springs, and particularly discloses an improved edge milling machine for automobile steel plate springs, which comprises a motor reducer and a transmission lead screw. The lead screw drives a supporting platform to be in sliding fit with a tabletop of an edge milling machine frame via a slide rail, symmetric power head bases are disposed on the left side and the right side of the supporting platform, a transmission lead screw disposed on the power head bases controls a power head which is in sliding fit with a tabletop of a power head frame via a slide rail, a facing cutter is mounted on the power head, a lateral positioning device and symmetric reversible compression devices are arranged on the supporting platform, the symmetric reversible compression devices are disposed along the position of a center line of a surface of the supporting platform, the lateral positioning device and the symmetric reversible compression devices match with a steel plate spring, and a positioning hole which corresponds to the center hole of the steel plate spring is disposed on the surface of the supporting platform. The improved edge milling machine for the automobile steel plate springs is reasonable in structure, simple and convenient in operation and safe and reliable in production, can guarantee processing precision, improves the quality of products, can enhance the production efficiency and reduces the labor intensity of workers.


The utility model relates to a rapid clamping assembly which comprises an installation seat, a connection plate connected with the installation seat, an execution element, and at least two groups of link mechanisms, wherein one side of the execution element is hinged on the installation seat, and the movable side of the execution element is connected with a connection element; and the link mechanism comprises a hinged support, a first link, a second link and a middle link, the hinged supports are installed at the both sides of the connection plate, the front parts of the two first links are hinged with the connection element along the same rotation centre, the rear parts of the two first links are hinged on the rear parts of the respective hinged supports, the front parts of the second links are hinged with the front parts of the respective hinged supports, the front hinged centres of the hinged supports are higher than the rear hinged centres, the front sides of the middle links are hinged with the middle parts of the first links, and the rear sides of the middle links are hinged with the middle parts of the second links. The rapid clamping assembly disclosed by the utility model has the advantages of being reasonable in structure, light and safe in operation, and capable of ensuring the installation accuracy of a fixture.


The ortho-metalated complex [Pd{C,N-C6H2CH2CH2NH2-2,(OMe)2-4,5}(μ-Br)]2 (1a) derived from homoveratrylamine reacts with ethyl acrylate, methyl vinyl ketone, or 2-norbornene to give the dimeric complex arising from the insertion of the alkene into the Pd–C bond, [Pd{C,N-CH(R)CH2C6H2CH2CH2NH2-2,(OMe)2-4,5}(μ-Br)]2 (R = CO2Et (2a1), C(O)Me (2a2)) or [Pd{C,N-CH(C5H8)CHC6H2CH2CH2NH2-2,(OMe)2-4,5}(μ-Br)]2 (2a3). Complexes 2a and the phentermine homologues 2b react with CO to afford Pd(0) and (1) tetrahydrobenzazocinones, the heterocycles resulting from CO insertion into the Pd–C bond and C–N coupling, (2) unnatural amino acid derivatives, resulting from CO insertion and the reaction of the obtained acyl complex with the solvent (MeOH), or the product of protonolysis of the Pd–C bond, depending on the nature of the initial cyclopalladated compound, or (3) ureas, alone or mixed with an isocyanate, in the presence of a base. Phentermine derivatives 2b react with HCl to give a dinuclear palladium complex [PdCl(μ-Cl...


This paper focuses on the unique aspects of a new pix-in-pix IC. The IC receives two composite video inputs and provides an overlayed composite video Output. All video decodinq and encodinq is performed in the IC usinq diqital siqnal processing. The IC uses a single clock.


Abstract: Since first having an online presence, American newspapers have tried their best to make readers more involved with their stories. Since the first newspapers started appearing on the world wide web circa 1995, these publications have been working on integrating a range of tools to both enhance the reader's experience and to encourage reader participation and involvement – emails to contact staff, for example, or online polls where the public can easily express their opinion. Among the many tools used, newspapers have started allowing readers to post comments on stories online, not only to be more inclusive but to revitalise the concept of 'citizen journalism', where readers can actively contribute and help the news coverage. While the concept of interactivity between readers and publications has been extensively analysed in several studies in past decades, this new venue remains virtually untouched, despite its clear importance. To achieve this goal, this study – the first of its kind – conducted a content analysis of a random sample of reader comments posted on the websites of 10 major US newspapers. Results showed that readers have misused these comment boards, turning them into forums for opinions and personal attacks. Yet, while most comments did not contribute to the news coverage, they were still important tools for promoting the newspaper, for encouraging interaction between publication and reader, and for promoting democracy and freedom of speech. The study concludes with suggestions on how to improve comment boards and suggestions for follow-up studies with other publications with an online presence.


ABSTRACT Widespread disappointment with compliance auditing in supply chains has led to a search for new governance solutions in global industries. Recent scholarship on labour standards in supply chains emphasises the need for complementarity between public and private forms of governance, and the importance of local contexts in shaping compliance outcomes. This paper, in contrast, argues that the distinction between public and private governance belies the complex interaction of regulatory forms and industry dynamics in global production networks. It develops this argument via an analysis of the International Labour Organisation Better Work programme, which, over the last decade, has metamorphosed from a country-specific monitoring programme into a unique model of hybrid governance that has been implemented in a half dozen countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Drawing from field research conducted on Nicaragua's Better Work programme, it examines the achievements and limitations of hybrid governance, and proposes that these can best be understood when the global value chain for apparel is seen as a transnational field within which relational struggles between different stakeholders at the global and national levels shape the political contexts within which particular governance solutions are pursued.


ological study to prove to themselves that what appear to be scriptural injunctions on homosexuality actually result from human beings' own prejudicial and erroneous trans lations and interpretations. A testament to Erzen's talents as a writer and ethnographer is her ability to leave her audience feeling the constant flux and struggle that comes about when such options are wholly foreclosed. Both books will prove useful to teachers and scholars interested in religion and/or sexuality in contemporary American society, but each should appeal to a more general audience as well. Both studies address the concerns over American individualism soci ologists often puzzle over, with each point ing out how the individual testimonies culti vated in ex-gay ministries (and similar therapeutic groups) do not simply atomize individuals into anomic little cells, but help individuals to tell their own stories in the context of a broader narrative of history. After all, the individualism we have puzzled over since Tocqueville is itself a collective production, and within its contemporary manifestations, religious and therapeutic dis courses strengthen each other. Producing one's own testimony serves as initiation, per sonal healing, and an evangelistic tool for gathering more potential converts. Likewise, both studies speak to the collec tive production of selves and the discourses at work as people seek to be the kinds of peo ple they believe they should be and to feel the way they believe they should feel. If sociolo gists maintain that the self is a social con struct, and that social power can work in part through micro-level interactions, then we need to examine how intimacy, emotions, and narratives of "who we are" set the limits of what kind of person it is possible to be. Regarding the "born gay"/"it's a choice" debate, both authors acknowledge the con tradictory implications of the liberal argu ment (which implies that homosexuality is tolerable only when it cannot be avoided) and the brutal dismissiveness of the conser vative one. More significantly, both authors detail the processes of reason, self-discovery, and subject-production at work in the terrain where conservative religion and same-sex desire overlap. Each author shows how the ex-gay movement makes sense in its own terms, while shedding light on the complex and nuanced processes through which peo ple become selves in late modern society.


The purpose of this study was to determine the performance or success rate of stunting prevention program implementation related to the characteristics of the institution structure, network and communication, community culture, community needs, and external networks at the Air Beliti Community Health Center, Musi Rawas Regency. The method of this research is quantitative research. The research was conducted at the Air Beliti Community Health Center, Tuah Negri District, Musi Rawas Regency. It was carried out from March to May 2021. The number of samples of the stunting program working team at the Air Beliti Community Health Center was 43. The results of research on factors related to the success of the stunting program at the Air Beliti Community Health Center, Musi Rawas Regency, were the characteristic variables of the institution's structure, network and communication, and community needs. The factors that are not related to the success of the stunting program are organizational culture and external networks. The conclusion of the implementation of the stunting prevention program at the Air Beliti Community Health Center, Musi Rawas Regency in general, has been going well, with positive community responses. Stunting program implementation factors that can affect the success of the stunting program are the characteristics of the institution structure, network and communication, and community needs.


The occurrence of spontaneous ordering of electronic magnetic moments in a solid is intimately connected to the overlap of their electronic wave functions. Altering this overlap by the application of pressure has profound effects on both direct and indirect exchange (magnetic) interactions responsible for magnetic ordering phenomena. Coupled with the high-brilliance, penetration power, and polarization/energy tunability of synchrotron radiation, x-ray studies of magnetism at high pressure in the diamond anvil cell provide a unique opportunity to tune, hence help decipher, complex exchange interactions in magnetic materials of current technological and fundamental interest. We demonstrate the uniqueness of this approach by reviewing methodologies and instrumentation that enable polarization-dependent x-ray resonant absorption and scattering studies of magnetic materials under simultaneous external stimuli of high pressure (1 Mbar), magnetic field (6.5 Tesla) and low temperature (1.4 K). Recent advances derived from this approach in our understanding of magnetic interactions in a number of complex magnetic materials of current interest, are highlighted.


Objective
To observe the effect of medical self-crosslinking sodium hyaluronate gel for packing nasal cavity after functional nasal sinus surgery.

Methods
24 patients with nasosinusitis whose scores of Lund-Mackay system in bilateral sinuses were equal were selected. All the patients' surgeries were completed by the same doctor. Ones of the patients' nasal sinuses were packed with medical self-crosslinking sodium hyaluronate gel (set as an observation group) and the ones with carboxy methyl cellulose (set as a control group), randomly. All the patients had no idea of the packing materials. The patients' nasal-facial discomfort was recorded 3 days after the operation. Nasal douche was taken for all the patients 1 week from then. 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after discharge, the patients were re-checked without medical intervention and the mucosal morphology of nasal cavity and sinus was recorded and nasal endoscopic scoring was carried out in all the patients. The results were statistically analyzed.

Results
The discomfort degree was lower, the epithelization time of nasal cavity and sinus was shorter, and the mucosal morphology of nasal cavity and sinus 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the operation were better in the observation group than in the control group (allP<0.05). There were no statistical difference in the mucosal morphology of nasal cavity and sinus 8 and 12 weeks after the operatio between these two groups (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Medical self-crosslinking sodium hyaluronate gel can obviously relieve the patients' postoperative nasal-cavity-packing discomfort promote the recovery of mucous epithelium function in nasal cavity and sinus, facilitate mucosal epithelialization, and reduce surgical cavity edema, vesica, crust, and mucous membrane adhesion and is good for the functional recovery after nasal cavity and sinus surgery.

Key words:
Sodium hyaluronate; Functional nasal sinus surgery; Discomfort; Mucosal morphology


The underwater laser communication system is an ideal but difficult program. The influences of the water depth and channel characteristics on the received signals of underwater laser communication are studied in the paper, it is the reason that causes the degression of communication quality. In the last a program of adaptive gain control of PMT is presented, and the composed principle frame and the test results are given.


A CMOS device, comprising forming other crystal structure and having a surface of (100) plane of the silicon substrate, and high-quality gate insulating film by a microwave plasma treatment on the structure formed thereon and p-channel MOS transistors constituting the gate electrode and the n-channel MOS transistor, wherein the size and shape of the structure is set such that the p-channel carrier mobility between the MOS transistor and n-channel MOS transistor equilibrium.


In this paper,we analyze the metallographes of the recovered Cu slug and get the results of reduction in the recrystallized grain size and rise in the temperature,which were caused by the two ac- tion processes,i.e.the shock wave action in the liner and the following squeeze-shear plastic deforma- tion of the liner.The analysed result shows that the dynamic superplastic deformation conditions for liner materials were satisfied before the jet was formed.Meanwhile the process of a dynamic super- plastics deformation is consistent with a mechanically driven subgrain rotation mechanism.


Aerial image scene classification is a fundamental problem for understanding high-resolution remote sensing images and has become an active research task in the field of remote sensing due to its important role in a wide range of applications. However, the limitations of existing datasets for scene classification, such as the small scale and low-diversity, severely hamper the potential usage of the new generation deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Although huge efforts have been made in building large-scale datasets very recently, e.g., the Aerial Image Dataset (AID) which contains 10,000 image samples, they are still far from sufficient to fully train a high-capacity deep CNN model. To this end, we present a larger-scale dataset in this paper, named as AID++, for aerial scene classification based on the AID dataset. The proposed AID++ consists of more than 400,000 image samples that are semi-automatically annotated by using the existing the geographical data. We evaluate several prevalent CNN models on the proposed dataset, and the results show that our dataset can be used as a promising benchmark for scene classification.


THIS elementary textbook meets the requirements of giving an understanding of all the newer aspects of the subject without neglecting the solid preceding achievements. The method of treatment is one which twenty years' experience has shown to be successful in training students and holding their interest even when some of them come to the subject with little preliminary acquaintance with scientific principles and methods. The arrangement is planned to bring out the relationship of each aspect of the subject to the whole so that its significance can be properly grasped and appreciated.


This article discusses the effects of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 on the timber industry in Southeast Alaska from the perspective of Alaska Native "choker setters." Choker setters form lowest wrung on the logging production hierarchy, providing much of the labor involved in deep woods harvests. The argument that emerges from this material highlights the importance of a distinction between the relations of work and the relations of production in advancing anthropological notions of culture, while emphasizing the continuing importance of culture and meaning for understanding class-based social processes. The primary material for the article is based on fourteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in Southeast Alaska by the author.


The paper presents the contribution of satellite-derived data to assess the environmental change impact on agriculture. Satellite remote sensing is becoming very important tool in environmental change related studies due to the unique capacity to provide global data sets continuously and consistently not only on this level, but also on the national and local levels. The instruments on-board meteorological and environmental satellites allow for determination of many parameters characterising the actual state of the biosphere and spatial and temporal changes. Some of these variables are required as inputs to give an immediate view of environmental change impact on the crops. Although, the series of satellite data are difficult to be analyzed, because of certain limitations like the satellite orbit drift, sensors degradation, different methods of sensors calibration, and variability of sensor's spectral response in satellite missions, the environmental change influence on biosphere can be monitored with the use of satellite-derived information. For biosphere observations with optical sensors an important limiting factor is cloudiness. Monitoring and observing the Earth's climate and generally the environment, needs high volume of satellite data which allow and lead to successful satellite missions. The analysis and the presentation of the data records which have been developed from operational satellite observations, presents the status of satellite climatic and biophysical data for warning purposes for agriculture, in Europe. Among European countries there is a great inhomogeneity concerning climatic and biophysical data received from satellite sensors or collected as satellite-derived ready products. Some of them are currently collecting satellite data for years and these data records could be useful for models for environmental change impact studies. The main variables that are collected in operational or experimental way are the land surface temperature and the vegetation indices (e.g. NDVI). The main types of satellite instruments used for the estimation of the variables in environmental change studies in agriculture are MODIS on TERRA-AQUA, AVHRR on NOAA, VEGETATION on SPOT, TM/ETM+ on LANDSAT and SEVIRI on METEOSAT. The study is mainly based on the outcomes of the EU COST 734 "Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on European Agriculture - CLIVAGRI" and COST ES1106: "Assessment of EUROpean AGRIculture WATer use and trade under climate change - EURO-AGRIWAT" .


We investigate the effect of a current nonlinearity on the evolution of a trapped atomic Bose–Einstein condensate. We have implemented techniques from the field of nonlinear optics to provide new insights into the irregular dynamics associated with chiral superfluids. We have found that the current nonlinearity can be treated as a Kerr-like nonlinearity modulated by a spatiotemporal function that can lead to a number of processes such as broadening and compression of the wavefunction. In the long time scale limit, the wavefunction is drastically deformed and delocalised compared to its initial state. However, localised modes which oscillate with the period of the inverse trap frequency can still be observed.


The article considers world experience of real estate taxation and identifies expediency of its introduction into Ukrainian legislation only on the basis of deep analysis of possibilities and with consideration of economic and organisational and legal environment in the country. It shows prospects but also prematurity and unsoundness of application of the market approach to identification of the taxation base of real estate tax in Ukraine due to imperfection of the domestic real estate market. It substantiates expediency and makes organisational and legal proposals on introduction of separate market elements, such as adjustment of the total area of the object of taxation by a coefficients of territorial location and year of construction, into the taxation base. It shows expediency of division of real estate tax into two components: tax on land plots and tax on buildings, which would allow state bodies and bodies of local authorities to conduct monitoring of quality of cadastre objects more dynamically, efficiently and differentially.


'If the Eiffel tower were now representing the Earth's age, the skin of paint on the pinnacle-knob at its summit would represent man's share of that age; and anybody would perceive that that skin was what the tower was built for. I reckon they would, I dunno.' - Mark Twain


We find that part of the uncertainty in the amplitude and pattern of the modeled precipitation response to CO2 forcing traces to tropical condensation not directly involved with parameterized convection. The fraction of tropical rainfall associated with large-scale condensation can vary from a few percent to well over half depending on model details and parameter settings. In turn, because of the coupling between condensation and tropical circulation, the different ways model assumptions affect the large-scale rainfall fraction also affect the patterns of the response within individual models. In two single-model ensembles based on the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), versions 3.1 and 5.3, we find strong correlations between the fraction of tropical large-scale rain and both climatological rainfall and circulation and the response to CO2 forcing. While the effects of an increasing tropical large-scale rain fraction are opposite in some ways in the two ensembles—for example, the Hadley circulation weakens with the large-scale rainfall fraction in the CAM3.1 ensemble while strengthening in the CAM5.3 ensemble—we can nonetheless understand these different effects in terms of the relationship between latent heating and circulation, and we propose explanations for each ensemble. We compare these results with data from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), for which some of the same patterns hold. Given the importance of this partitioning, there is a need for constraining this source of uncertainty using observations. However, since a "large-scale rainfall fraction" is a modeling construct, it is not clear how observations may be used to test various modeling assumptions determining this fraction.


Some very recent studies suggested that the phytoalexin trans-resveratrol (3,5,4'--trihydroxystilbene) might be one of the compounds responsible for the prevention of heart diseases as a result of drinking wine. Recently new methods for its determination have been developed. In this work trans-resveratrol was quantitatively determined by HPLC in 45 red and 21 white wines from Slovenia. Samples were purified and enriched by passing them through a preconditioned C 18 cartridge and eluting the trans-resveratrol with ethyl acetate. HPLC separation of trans-resveratrol was performed using a RP - C 18 column. Detection was carried out with a UV detector at 310 nm. A processing variation coefficient of 3.7% was calculated. Ninety-four % of the error was caused by the sample preparation and 6% by the HPLC analysis itself. The detection limit was 0.25 mg l -1 for red wines and 0.01 mg l -1 for white ones, with a recovery rate of 99%. The time needed for 8 analyses was approximately 4 h. The content of trans-resveratrol in red wines ranged from 0.9 to 8.7 mg l -1 while in the white wines it was much lower - between n.d. and 0.6 mg l -1 .


The Manufacturing sector in India is still not globally competitive (Deloitte, 2018) due to over emphasis on labour based production, lesser automation, legacy manufacturing assets and production plants, energy inefficient systems, usage of Information Technology to integrate the physical and cyber world for potential benefits which other countries have adopted (Rockstorm, 2018) is almost non-existent. According to sources adoption of IoT enabled Industry 4.0 can lead to decrease of production costs by up to 30%, logistics costs by 30% and quality management costs by up to 20% (Thomas, 2016). This study starts with a literature review of the factors that determine the manufacturing competitiveness index of India and how other developed countries are proceeding in these as compared to India. The study proceeds with identification of key determinants or constructs (abstract dimensions) of measuring the IoT maturity of any organization along with their relative weights and then identify the key factors (measurable) inside each construct. These constructs are hypothesized to be the building blocks of any IoT strategy to be adopted by Indian manufacturing concerns. By using these constructs definition, along with factors and possible measurable states, in which the factors can exist, an excel based IoT Maturity Self-Assessment tool has been developed which can be used by target Indian manufacturing organizations to identify their current state of preparedness. The objective of this study is to define an Internet of Things Maturity Model (IoT-MM) which can be used by organizations to assess their current status. Indian manufacturing has started adopting IoT but in a disoriented manner, with adoption being guided more by technology consideration than a holistic business drive and consideration encompassing the benefits of productivity, energy conservation and environmental management.


Dr. John I. Gallin (Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland): The interferons are a group of proteins and glycoproteins that are produced in response to infection. They are species-specific and can be induced by many viral and nonviral agents, including bacterial lipopolysaccharides and parasitic protozoa. Interferon- will induce both itself and interferon- [1]. The history of interferons dates back to the 1950s, when they were discovered and named for their ability to interfere with viral growth [2, 3]. Interferon- was the first T-cell-secretory product described [4] and the first T-cell product cloned [5]. The inducer agents for interferon- and are usually viruses. Specific antigens and mitogens induce interferon- production. Three major types of cells produce interferon-: CD4+ T cells, natural killer cells, and CD8+ T cells. Interferon- induces many elements of host defenses, including the stimulation of antibody production by B cells. Interferon- activates natural killer cells and neutrophils and prolongs neutrophil survival in vitro [6]. Similarly, interferon- stimulates macrophage microbicidal and tumoricidal activity by inducing production of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-, reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, and indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase [7]. In addition, interferon- stimulates the formation of granulomas, which are of particular importance in host defense against intracellular pathogens. Other macrophage products induced by interferon- are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens, Fc receptors, the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA1, endotoxin binding sites, and the receptor for the endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide-binding protein complex (CD14). Interferon- also modulates CD4+ helper T-cell function by regulating interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-10. Of particular interest is that interleukin-4 inhibits many activities of interferon-, such as production of reactive oxygen products and the inhibitory effects of interferon- on IgE synthesis. Interferon- activates endothelial cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and macrophages to kill intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium, Leishmania, Toxoplasma, Rickettsia, and Chlamydia species. Recently, interferon- has been shown to reduce the incidence of infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and to be an important adjuvant for the treatment of certain intracellular parasites [7]. Mechanisms of Action Dr. Joshua M. Farber (Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases): The biological effects of interferon-, like those of interferon- and , result primarily from the enhanced expression of a collection of genes and proteins in responsive cells [8]. Interferon- has a six-helix monomer structure and exists as a symmetric, antiparallel homodimer that induces dimerization of its receptor (Figure 1) [9]. The interferon- receptor consists of at least two components, a 90-kd glycoprotein () that is able to bind ligands [10] and a structurally related putative transmembrane protein that is necessary for signaling () [11]. Figure 1. Interferon-: receptor to gene. P Signaling through the interferon- receptor requires Jak1 and Jak2 [12], two members of a family of tyrosine kinases. By analogy with other systems involving the Jak-family kinases, the interferon- receptor and the Jak kinases probably exist in a preformed complex before ligand binding. Binding of interferon- leads to the phosphorylation of the interferon- receptor [13] and of Jak1 and Jak2 on tyrosine residues; this is presumed to lead to their activation. Jak1 and Jak2 are each necessary for the phosphorylation of the other after interferon- binds to its receptor. This requirement is the basis for imagining the juxtaposition of the Jak kinases on receptor dimerization, although the details of the interactions among the kinases and the receptor subunits are not known (Figure 1). Jak-kinase activation leads, either directly or indirectly, to the phosphorylation on tyrosine of the 91-kd latent cytoplasmic factor Stat1 (S[ignal] t(ransducer) and a(ctivator) of t[ranscription]) protein, which in turn leads to the formation of Stat1 homodimers, mediated through protein domains (Src homology 2 domains) that bind tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins [14]. Once phosphorylated and dimerized, Stat1 moves from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it binds to regulatory regions of genes containing GAS (g[amma interferon] a(ctivation) s[ite]) sequences. The GAS sequence (consensus TTNCNNNAA) was the first well-defined promoter element identified as specifically related to interferon--dependent gene activation [15], and GAS-like sequences typically have been found in interferon--inducible genes and serve as binding sites for Stat1 . Nonetheless, sequences in addition to GAS are clearly important for the activation of some genes by interferon- [16, 17]. Although it appears that Stat1 dimers are able to bind to a core GAS site without other proteins, evidence indicates that Stat1 does form complexes one or more other proteins, as yet unknown, when binding to the regulatory regions of interferon--activated genes [17]. The signaling events in response to interferon- rely solely on preformed components and constitute a pathway for direct and immediate communication between activated receptor and gene (Figure 1). Just as interferon- has biological activities that are distinct from and yet overlap those of other immunomodulating factors, such as interferon-, interferon-, and lipopolysaccharide, so too does interferon- induce a set of genes and proteins that, although unique, overlaps the sets of genes and proteins induced by these other factors [18]. These relations are reflected in shared components that participate in a combinatorial fashion in forming the protein complexes that transduce signals from ligand-activated receptors to the inducible genes. The Jak kinases and Stat1 (or closely related STAT proteins) have been shown to participate in signal transduction in response to a range of cytokines and growth factors [15]. Major unanswered questions remain about how the specificity of the response to a given cytokine, such as interferon-, is determined. The importance of the activation of specific genes by interferon- lies, of course, in the encoded proteins that are newly expressed and that alter the physiology of the target cells. Several host defense proteins are induced in response to interferon-, including products of immediate response (GAS-containing) genes and some proteins whose induction requires the previous synthesis of the protein products of the immediate response genes (Table 1). The inducible proteins include surface molecules, such as MHC antigens important for antigen presentation; enzymes, such as the components of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and nitric oxide synthase (important in generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, respectively, for pathogen killing); transcription factors, such as interferon regulatory factor-1 (an immediate response gene necessary for the induction of the nitric oxide synthase gene); and cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-. Table 1. Host Defense Proteins Induced by Interferon-* Although interferon- is a potent modulator of production of tumor necrosis factor-, it is not sufficient to induce tumor necrosis factor-; rather, it acts synergistically with other tumor necrosis factor- inducers. This raises the general point that interferon- works not in isolation but in the context of an immune response involving a collection of cell-surface and secreted molecules. One model that places interferon- in the context of the overall immune response to pathogens is the helper T-cell TH1/TH2 paradigm [19]. Studies of murine CD4+ T-cell clones in long-term culture have shown that a given clone expresses one of two mutually exclusive phenotypes: the TH1 phenotype (characterized by the production of interferon-, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor-) and the TH2 phenotype (characterized by the production of interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and other related lymphokines). Although first defined and best studied in murine systems, the TH1/TH2 paradigm, in its general outline, is clearly applicable to humans [20]. Interferon- plays a critical role both in inducing the differentiation of CD4+ T cells to the TH1 phenotype and as the major product of TH1 cells, which are important for activating macrophage against intracellular pathogens. As shown in Figure 2, after activation by a pathogen, the macrophage secretes interleukin-12. Interleukin-12 stimulates the production of interferon- by T cells and natural killer cells [21], and interleukin-12 and interferon- bias the differentiation of uncommitted antigen-stimulated CD4+ T cells into TH1 cells. Interferon- produced by the TH1 cells and the natural killer cells further activates macrophages by inducing the expression of proteins such as those listed in Table 1, resulting in enhanced killing of pathogens. Interferon- also has an inhibitory effect on the development of the TH2 phenotype. In contrast to interferon-, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 inhibit TH1 responses and have direct inhibitory effects on the activation of macrophages. The development of effective cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens has been shown in mouse models to depend on the predominance of the TH1 response over the TH2 response and on the production of interferon-, the signature cytokine of TH1 cells. Figure 2. Interferon- (IFN-) in the cytokine network. Given the complexity of the system within which interferon- operates and the redundancy in host defense mechanisms, it is reasonable to ask the following question: In which biological responses does interferon- play a unique and necessary role? The most unambiguous informati


Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. If the tourism industry develops, then many sectors will be improved causing regional development. Study area has much potential for cultural tourism due to its festivals, temples setup. Traditionally this area is famous for the cultural values. Tourism has become one of the major sectors of the economy in Jaffna. The concept of tourism changed due to war. Therefore, this research was done in order to analyse the potential for cultural tourism in Jaffna district. The objective was to identify the cultural tourism sites and to provide suggestions for sustainable tourism in Jaffna peninsula. This research used primary data such as interviews and group discussion while relevant documents, journals and online articles were used as secondary data. This study which was a descriptive research type used SWOT analysis, GIS and statistic method. At the end of this research suitable cultural tourism sites were identified. The study explores how resource opportunities for cultural tourism in the study area are found with 80% of the potential and opportunities and Vallipura Aalvar Kovil, Inuvil Kandasamy temple, Inuvil Pararajasekara Kovil, Maruthankeny Nagathampiran Kovil and Maruthanarmadam Anjaneyar Kovil were identified as new sites. The development of sustainable tourist attractions will be considered as an opportunity for tourism while taking in to account of many weaknesses and threats.


In agriculture, the word organic has come to mean "foodstuff grown or raised without synthetic fertilizers or pesticides or hormones." According to the USDA National Organic Standard Board, organic agriculture: • is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity; • is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain or enhance ecological harmony; • has a primary goal of optimizing the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plants, animals and people.


A thick-walled 90° elbow pipe is of particular interest due to its frequent usage in industrial systems such as chemical processing plants and petroleum refineries. Elastic stress analysis of thick walled pipe elbows using finite element computer software, such as ABAQUS was investigated. The current study shows that the stress level is influenced by the effects of the ratios of bend radius to pipe mean radius (R/ ) and mean radius to wall thickness ( /t) and value of internal pressure. The investigation is limited to include the elastic stresses due to internal pressure and stress variation which was found to be similar to that of a theoretical study reported in the literature. The stress along a thick-walled 90° elbow pipe with the increase in the inner radius, thickness and pressure increases the stress. Based on the variance analysis, the predictive models in this study are believed to produce values of the elastic stress of a thick-walled 90° elbow pipes close to those readings recorded numerically with a 96.5% confident interval. © 2015 Elixir All rights reserved. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received: 14 April 2015; Received in revised form: 25 May 2015; Accepted: 3 June 2015;


Bile acids and synthetic its derivatives induced apoptosis in various kinds of cancer cells and anticancer effects. Previous studies have been reported that the synthetic chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) derivatives showed apoptosis inducing activity on various cancer cells in vitro. It wasn't discovered those materials have apoptosis induced effects on YD9 human oral squamous carcinoma cells. The present study was done to examine the synthetic bile acid derivatives(HS-1199, HS-1200) induced apoptosis on YD9 cells and such these apoptosis events. We administered them in culture to YD9 cells. Tested YD9 cells showed several lines of apoptotic manifestation such as activation of caspase-3, degradation of DFF, production of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) cleavage(HS-1200 only), DNA degradation(HS-1200 only), nuclear condensation, inhibition of proteasome activity, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential(HS-1200 only) and the release of cytochrome c and AIF to cytosol. Between two synthetic CDCA derivatives, HS-1200 showed stronger apoptosis-inducing effect than HS-1199. Therefore HS-1200 was demonstrated to have the most efficient antitumor effect. Taken collectively, we demonstrated that a synthetic CDCA derivative HS-1200 induced caspases-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in human oral sqauamous carcinoma cells in vitro. Our data therefore provide the possibility that HS-1200 could be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for human orall squamous carcinoma from its poweful apoptosis-inducing activity.


A Decay Heat (DH) experiment on the whole core of the French Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor PHENIX has been conducted in May 2008. The measurements began an hour and a half after the shutdown of the reactor and lasted twelve days. It is one of the experiments used for the experimental validation of the depletion code DARWIN thereby confirming the excellent performance of the aforementioned code. Discrepancies between measured and calculated decay heat do not exceed 8%. (authors)


The P4P architecture is mainly composed of appTracker, iTracker and peer. The single appTracker manages sharing resources in the different ISP domains. Every peer registers with appTracker when joining the network, and then requests resources from appTracker. In this architecture, there is too much workload for the single appTracker, thus, the bottleneck problem often appears when the scale of the network is enlarged in this centralised structure. An improved design of P4P based on distributed tracker is proposed to solve the overload problem of single appTracker server. In the improved P4P system, a distributed tracker overlay network replaces the appTracker to manage the resources in the different ISP domains. The functions of iTracker arranged by ISP are extended and the info interfaces of the iTracker are designed in detail in order to realise sharing the resources among the different iTrackers. The experiments prove that the P4P framework based on the distributed tracker can solve the server bottleneck problem and improve the scalability and stability while maintaining the characteristics of locality and transmission capacity.


When NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) confirms a blood donation to have markers of infection, the donor is contacted by letter to arrange a discussion about the test results and onward care. A survey was carried out to assess the level of satisfaction with this process.


Background Evidence suggests that the anti-aging protein a-Klotho is a central modulator of mineral homeostasis. Circulating a-Klotho exerts endocrine activity and has been implicated in the process of vascular calcification, which is accelerated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and portends an unfavorable overall prognosis. However, the role of a-Klotho in this process remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible interaction between a-Klotho and the calcification of the aortic valve and coronary arteries in patients with CKD. Methods In this study we enrolled a total of 60 adult patients with CKD. Group 1 included 30 participants with CKD stage V and group 2 included 30 participants with CKD stage III. Results Participants in group 1 had lower levels of circulating a-Klotho compared to group 2 (390; 280–590 vs. 722; 501–897 pg/mL; P=0.001), were of younger age (55.5; 45–63 vs. 69; 62–74 years; P<0.001), had lower body mass index (25.6; 23.8–27.5 vs. 28.2; 25.7–31.1 kg/m2; P=0.036), higher serum phosphate (4.75; 4–5.6 vs. 3.35; 2.9–3.8 mg/dL; P<0.001), higher calcium-phosphate product (41; 35.1–49.2 vs. 31.5; 28.6–35 mg2/dL2; P<0.001), and higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (28.4; 15–44.6 vs. 7.05; 4.3–10.2 pmol /L; P<0.001). Conclusions No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of coronary arteries and aortic valve calcification. Calcitonin, PTH and phosphate were identified as predictors for circulating a-Klotho levels whereas, only hyperlipidemia was identified as predictor for coronary artery calcification. In conclusion, circulating a-Klotho is found to decrease with worsening CKD severity but no correlation was found between the levels of a-Klotho and severity of coronary arteries and aortic valve calcification.


The timing of hepaticoportoenterostomy (HPE) continues to be one of the main prognostic factors for outcome in infants with biliary atresia (BA). Improvement in bile flow may be effective in 80% to 90% of cases when surgery is performed before 60 days and in less than 20% after 90 days (1). Even then, 27% to 54% of BA patients eventually require liver transplantation (LTX) for decompensated cirrhosis after unsuccessful HPE (1). Cystic dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts (CDIB) has been described in 17.5% to 25% of cases of BA after HPE, developing between 4 months and 14 years of age (2). However, CDIB is uncommon before HPE in BA; only five cases were previously reported (2Y8). Bu et al. (2) described 154 patients with BA of whom 2 (1.2%) developed multiple CDIB before surgery at an age of 8 months or more. We report a 4 month old diagnosed with BA associated with CDIB that developed before HPE.


Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is the most common knee ligament injured. Anterior drawer and Lachman tests are the most common physical examinations for helping diagnose ACL injuries, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the first choice of supporting examination for evaluating any internal abnormality of the knee. However, studies concerning the accuracy of those examinations in the Indonesian population are limited. This study aimed to compare the accuracy between the anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and MRI in diagnosing ACL injury in Javanese patients. This retrospective study used medical records data of patients who underwent knee arthroscopy in the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta in 2018. The MRI and the clinical examination results were compared to the arthroscopy results as the gold standard. The study showed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy for the anterior drawer test were 86.67% (95%CI: 69.28-96.24%), 80% (CI: 44.39-97.48%), 92.86% (CI: 78.88-97.84), 66.67% (CI: 43.28-83.98%), and 85% (CI: 70.16-94.29%), respectively. Lachman test had 96.67% (CI: 82.78-99.92%) sensitivity, 90% (CI: 55.50-99.75%) specificity, 96.67% (CI: 81.86-99.47%) PPV, 90% (CI: 56.44-98.43%) NPV, and 95% (CI: 83.08-99.39%) accuracy. The diagnostic parameters of MRI were 83.33% (CI: 65.28-94.36%) for sensitivity, 60% (CI: 26.24-87.84%) for specificity, 86.21% (CI: 74.21-93.14%) for PPV, 54.55% (CI: 31.77-75.57%) for NPV, and 77.50% (CI: 61.55-89.16%) for accuracy. In conclusion, the Lachman test has better accuracy than the anterior drawer test. Both the anterior drawer and Lachman tests had higher accuracy compared to the MRI.


This paper considers a class of densities formed by taking the product of nonnegative polynomials and normal densities. We investigate some relations of these densities with Hermite polynomials. We construct a set of polynomials orthogonal with respect to the polynomial-normal density (PND). We invesigate the distribution of sums of independent random variables (r.v.) with PND. We construct a stochastic process such that the one-dimensional density of this process is PND.


Community detection can exhibit the aggregation behavior of complex networks. Network motifs are the fundamental building blocks which can reveal the higher‐order structure of complex networks. Label propagation algorithm has the advantage of approximately linear time complexity, unfortunately, the randomness of label update is a major but unsolved issue. For these reasons, this paper proposes a novel community detection method, named motif‐based embedding label propagation algorithm (MELPA). First, complex network topology is reconstructed by merging higher‐order topology with lower‐order connectivity features, where higher‐order topology is captured by mining network motifs. Second, We design a label propagation characteristic model according to nodes influence, then a new label update rule is formulated based on reconstructed weighted network, the rule integrates frequency among neighbor labels, influence of nodes, propagation characteristics and closeness of nodes to update the node label, the purpose is to overcome the randomness of label selection and identify a better and more stable community structure. Finally, extensive experiments on synthetic networks and real‐world complex networks are conducted to verify the effectiveness of MELPA, especially for the complex networks with unobvious community structure, MELPA will get unexpected results.


With the decline of capitation, IPAs are seeking new roles in order to remain relevant. What will their choices mean for you?


A novel cationic polyol which could crosslink with poly-isocyanate to form two-component waterborne polyurethane was prepared from hydrogenated terpinene-maleic ester type epoxy resin(HTME) modified by hydrophilic compounds of diethanolamine(DEA) and polyethylene glycol 200(PEG200).Suitable synthesis conditions were confirmed by studying factors of synthesis reaction.Good-quality polyol could be obtained by HTME reacting with DEA at the amount of 12% of HTME by weight and PEG200 whose molar ratio to HTME(the quantities after reacting with amino group of DEA) was 1∶1-1.2∶1 at temperature of 100℃ for about 6-7h in the presence of ZnCl2 as catalyst with the amount about 2% of HTME by weight.The chemical structure of the polyol was characterized by FT-IR spectra.The dosage of PEG200 affected OH-value,softening point,glass-transition temperature(Tg) of the polyol resin and the viscosity of the dispersion.With the increasing of dosage of PEG200,hydroxyl value rised,while softening point,Tg and viscosity were decreased.From the size and zeta potential analysis,it was indicated that the cationic polyol dispersion had good stability under acidic condition and its particle size was not more than 100nm when the dosage of DEA reached 12% of HTME by weight.The viscosity of the polyol dispersion with high solid content was quite high,while addition of some inert thinner such as propylene glycol methyl ether acetate(PMA) could lower the viscosity sensitively.


This paper focuses on the mechanical electric integration and process control of typical asphalt mixer which is an important kind of road machine. Adopting a two hierarchical supervision control strategy, industrial computer and PLC are designed for asphalt mixer based on low cost automation (LCA) criterion. The software package consists of over ponderation compensation, fault self diagnosis and emergency stop device (ESD) in system running, real time coefficient tuning, historical trend record, process diagram, report print and so on.


The increasing number of Muslim tourists influenced by the Hallyu Wave has made the South Korean Government interested in developing the halal food industry policy in the country. This study discusses South Korea's strategy in implementing the K-Halal Food policy. The government also works with government and non-government organizations in this policy. They also work with Muslim countries to develop the K-Halal Food. In Thar matter, this study used a descriptive methodology with a qualitative approach to explain the strategy that South Korea used. The author uses the concept of economic globalization to explain cooperation between South Korea and Muslim Countries and alto use the potential of Soft Power to explain the K-Halal Food. The results of this study indicate that the South Korean country uses economic globalization to develop its Soft Power potential in halal food.


Abstract A mixed-potential model is described to predict the corrosion behavior of used nuclear fuel inside a steel-lined failed Canadian nuclear waste container under anticipated waste vault (repository) conditions. The model accounts for the effects of the alpha radiolysis of water, the precipitation of corrosion products on both the fuel and the carbon steel (CS), and redox reactions between species produced by either radiolysis or corrosion at the fuel surface and by corrosion on the CS liner. The model is based on a series of ten one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations, each describing the mass-transport, precipitation/dissolution, adsorption/desorption, and redox processes of the ten chemical species included in the model. These equations are solved using finite-difference techniques. A three-layer spatial grid is used, with the two outer layers (of time-varying thickness) representing porous precipitated corrosion products on the uranium dioxide (UO2) and CS surfaces. The middle layer represen...


SIRAKOV, I., K. VELICHKOVA, S. STOYANOVA, D. DINEV and Y. STAYKOV, 2015. Application of natural zeolites and macrophytes for water treatment in recirculation aquaculture systems. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., Supplement 1, 21: 147–153 The macrophytes enrich the water with oxygen and help to remove nutrients. The zeolite is also a natural way to combat pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness in waste water treatment process in RAS, applying fi lter with natural zeolites and macrophytic plants from genus Lemna and Elodea. The temperature and pH were measured daily with a portable combined meter in the newly constructed control and experimental RAS. Ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, total nitrogen and phosphor us were measured spectrophotometrically. At the end of the trial the fi sh were weighed and specifi c growth rate and FCR (feed conversion ratio) were calculated. The addition of zeolite and macrophytic plants as a part of fi ltration system of experimental RAS, decreased signifi cantly the quantity of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, compared to their amount in conventional one. The better water quality in experimental system, due to the presence in the fi lter of zeolites and macrophytic plants, infl uenced positively the growth of rainbow trout and feed utilization.


The present invention relates to an automatic transmission for a bicycle, the guide hole (1a) to the inside through the elongated hole 101 in the support shaft (1) is formed, the movable tube to form a fixing groove 102 at a predetermined interval on the outer surface (2) the slot 101 of the support shaft (1) replace woodoe movable pipe (2) tanseol the fixed ball 201 to the inner support shaft (1) fixing groove to be fixed to 102 and the support shaft (1) of the a coil between the movable tube (2) to the pin 103 a fitted after connecting the speed change wire 106, here the movable tube (2) fixed ring 104 is fitted on one side with the support shaft (1) so as to extend through the spring 105 Jangjin and rotate the ball along the groove 301, spiral formed on the inner peripheral surface of the movable tube (2) outer circumferential grooves 203, a plurality of rotating ball to purchase to be slightly projecting the 202 rotating body (3) of the ( 202), one end of the movable pipe (2) the device and the rotating body (3) enclosing the friction band of the perimeter by installing a plurality of needle bearings (4) to friction band 5, the outer peripheral surface (5) so that the stone is the rotational axis fixing (6) and the other side Weight of weight 501 by the strapping to be exposed to the external shaft 6 through the discharge hole 601 of the shaft 6 causes the gears of the bicycle the automatic transmission in accordance with the rotational speed of the wheel which occurs during running centrifugal force of the bicycle by increasing the demand for more hameuroseo easy use bicycle has the advantage that not only contribute to people's health can contribute to the protection of the environment.


A simple, precise and accurate isocratic RP–HPLC method was developed. The method has shown adequate separation for Tramadol HCl and degradation products. Separation was achieved on a ACE C18 (150 mm×4.6 mm i.d., 5μm particle size) column using mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile – Water (70:30v/v) at flow rate of 1mL/min and UV detection at 272nm. This drug was subjected to acid hydrolysis and alkali hydrolysis by applying stress conditions. The linearity was investigated in the range of 40–120µg/mL (r 2 = 0.9996) for Tramadol HCl. The intraday and interday % RSD values were less than 0.9%. The LOD and LOQ were 0.24µg/mL and 0.72µg/mL Tramadol HCl was degraded in acid (1N HCl by Microwave) and alkali (1N NaOH) in different temperature conditions. Tramadol HCl was more degraded in alkaline condition compared to acidic. For the degradation kinetic in acidic and alkaline conditions the best fit was obtained for firstorder reaction rate. The rate constant (k) is in the alkaline medium, 0.0034min -1 for R.T. NaOH, 0.0149min -1 for 60°C NaOH, 0.4849min -1 for 80°C NaOH and in acid medium 0.0653min -1 by Microwave. The t1/2 was found to be less in alkaline condition compared to acidic conditions which shows, the drug has lower stability in alkaline medium. The t1/2 is 1.18mins for alkaline condition and 6.39mins for acidic condition. The activation energy of Tramadol HCl in alkaline medium was found to be 3.771KJ/mole.


Pyrochlore type systems with generic formula (Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Nb0.5M1.5)O7 (M=Ti, Sn, Zr, and Ce) have been synthesized to investigate the influence of M on the dielectric properties. It was found that the incorporation of Sn or Ce resulted in a reasonably reduced dielectric constant. The incorporation of Zr and Ce has led to an appreciable increase in dc conductivity in high temperature. The dc conductivity diminishes as the size of M grows. Dielectric constants, temperature coefficient, and dc conductivity of series ceramics were studied and the relationships among composition, crystal structure, and properties were discussed.


: According to WHO document, health is clearly connected to educational accomplishment, quality of life and economic productivity. Research conducted in both developing and developed countries shows that school health programs in each nation can concurrently decrease common health problems, increase the efficiency of the education system, advance public health and improve education to do with social and economic developments. Since 1950, WHO has long been an important task in promoting the health of children through schools. In Indonesia, Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS) is one of the school health programs coordinated by the four Ministries. Many studies showed that there has been no optimal implementation yet of UKS . The healthy public policy concept could be a tool to analyse the possible policy shifting and strive to incorporate the concept of health promotion in UKS . This paper describes the possible policy changes on UKS program to be a health promoting school. Those changes needed healthy public policy to succeed.


The landscape and the major settling places in Central Europe are dominated by the catchments of large rivers, such as the Danube, Rhine or Rhone Rivers. They all rise from the inner Alps or the foothills of the Alps. From pre-Roman times onwards people settled along those rivers, because they profited much from the waterways as a means of transport and trade, and from hydro-power used for different crafts. However, they also had to face the risk of floods and tried to adapt as best as possible. This paper argues that pre-modern societies, such as those "flood-risk societies" in the Middle Ages, rather perceived and memorized floods and similar natural hazards as an everyday risk and only in some exclusive cases as a disaster. Disaster perception mostly depends of a bundle of contributing factors: (a) the helplessness of the people trying to cope with the damage, with the available means; (b) the inability of individuals to explain and understand the event; (c) the material and personal suffering; (d) the unexpectedness of the event, which depends on how prepared a society is for one-time or recurrent threats; (e) whether there is a series of natural hazards within a short period of time, which can raise the vulnerability of the afflicted people; (f) the symbolic connotations and patterns of interpretation, such as connections to natural disasters described in the Bible; and (g) the general predicament, such as the simultaneous economic, religious and climatic crises during the sixteenth century in Europe. Based on narrative and administrational sources, and on architectural evidence It will be shown that people in pre-modern Central Europe had been prepared and adapted to this permanent flood risk and did not need any religious or supra-natural explanations. In this way, even a disastrous flood had not been interpreted as a divine punishment or even a harbinger of the apocalypse.


Current image encryption algorithms are not resistant to plaintext chosen attack.In order to solve the question,a new image encryption algorithm based on adaptive parameters is proposed.The improved image barycentric coordinates are chosen as adaptive parameters.The adaptive parameters and user keys are input into four dimensional hyperchaotic system to generate chaotic sequences to encrypt image.And the adaptive parameters are saved into encrypted image by reversible watermarking technology.Experimental results show that the algorithm is expediently to manage keys and can resist some attacks such as chosen plaintext attack.


A common method in technical analysis is the construction of moving averages along time series of stock prices. We show that they present a practical interest for physicists, and raise new questions on fundamental ground. Indeed, self-a ne signals characterized by a de ned roughness exponent H can be investigated through moving averages. The density of crossing points between two moving averages is shown to be a measure of long-range power-law correlations in a signal. Finally, we present a speci c transform with which various structures in a signal, e.g. trends, cycles, noise, etc. can be investigated in a systematic way. c © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 05.50.+j; 47.53.+n


Like never before, social media tools give journalists the ability to source, report and fact-check information in real time, collaborating with readers as events unfold. Matthew Clayfield discusses challenges and opportunities with reporters who are making the most of the form.


The title compound, C14H10N4O10, was obtained by nitration of 6,6′-dimethoxy-2,2′-dinitro-1,1′-biphenyl in the presence of an excess of fuming nitric acid. In the molecule, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 89.9 (2)°. In the crystal structure, molecules are connected by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form one-dimensional chains.


A Gaussian polytope is the convex hull of normally distributed random points in a Euclidean space. We give an improved error bound for the expected number of facets of a Gaussian polytope when the dimension of the space is fixed and the number of points tends to infinity. The proof applies the theory of the asymptotic distribution of the top order statistic of a collection of independently distributed N(0, 1) random variables.


The independence of the judgment is an important way to establish the judicative independence. While the judicatory independence is a core of the judicative independence, it is an urgent problem to establish and protect it in our current judicative reforms. Its solution depends on follows: our revealing the principle's concrete content scientifically, expatiating its primary requests completely, looking actively for a motion to protect it. We can advance the reforms of judicative system, put the project of governing country by law into practice, strengthen the construction of political culture, and construct socialist harmonious society.


628 women were fitted with Lippes loops 3C at the University College Hospital in Ibadan Nigeria and followed from the period July 1965-February 1968. Women of low age/parity were outnumbered 2:1 by women of high age/parity. The desired number of children in Nigeria is still 5 or 6. The low age/parity women expelled the loop twice as often as the high age/parity group. Continuation rate after 1 year was 86.5% and after 2 years it was 74.5%.


Numerical simulation of baroclinic tidal currents in Suruga Bay and Uchiura Bay has been carried out using a 3-D, high resolution numerical model. It is shown that internal tides in Suruga Bay originate from the localized area in the northern part of Izu Ridge where strong tidal advection effects play crucial roles. The amplitude of calculated baroclinic tidal currents in Suruga Bay becomes more than double the value previously estimated from the numerical model, in which nonlinear effects were not taken into account. The internal tides thus generated have low-vertical-mode structures where the interface can be found at a depth of 200‐300 m. The amplification of baroclinic tidal currents below a depth of about 800 m toward the bottom of Suruga Trough observed by Matsuyama et al. (1993) can be interpreted in terms of the low-vertical-mode structure of the propagating internal tides. The low-vertical-mode internal tides propagate into Uchiura Bay, located at the head of Suruga Bay, exciting significant isopycnal oscillations. Although the semidiurnal internal tide of the first vertical mode in Uchiura Bay is shown to be amplified through the resonant coupling to the internal seiche in the bay, the interface is found at a depth of 50‐70 m, which is much shallower than the depth of the interface outside Uchiura Bay. The occurrence of a strong vertical velocity on the bottom at the mouth of Uchiura Bay implies that internal tides observed in Uchiura Bay are generated near the bay mouth through the interaction between the shelf slope and strong baroclinic tidal currents associated with low-vertical-mode internal tides propagating from the northern part of Izu Ridge. In order to reproduce the generation and propagation features of internal tides in Suruga Bay, including the excitation processes of internal tides in Uchiura Bay, we need at least a three-layer numerical model that takes account of nonlinear tidal advection effects.


Purpose: Synergistic neuro-excitability in the lower extremities may be related to gait disorders. This study reported spontaneous changes after correcting knee flexion gait and discussed the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A prospective study of 23 children with cerebral palsy was conducted to assess postoperative changes in gross motor function, joint range of motion (ROM), and spasticity. Characteristics of children/limbs with spontaneous decrease in gastrocnemius spasticity were assessed. Results: In 10 patients (19 limbs) without gastrocnemius release, Modified Ashworth scores in the gastrocnemius decreased in 6 limbs after 3 months and in 10 limbs after 6 months. Those limbs had worse preoperative knee flexion contracture than limbs without spasticity changes (knee ROM limitation score 5.4 vs. 3.7, p=0.026). Conclusions: Patients with knee flexion contracture recruited greater plantar flexion-knee extension couple and enhanced synergistic neuro-excitability. Careful surgical decision-making by neuro-excitability, which is susceptible to other co-existing disorders, is important.


According to the national Conscription Law,college freshmen are obliged to take compulsory military training and receive education on national defense.The essence of the training is to impose bodily discipline jointly by colleges and military force.The paper examines the discipline of military training on students and reveals how military training compel students to accept knowledge out of power and attain serviceable and controllable body.


When titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is exposed to near-ultraviolet light, it exhibits strong bactericidal activity. Anatase phase of TiO 2 film was prepared by anodizing pure titanium coupons (substrate). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique was used to image the transformation of titanium surface to TiO 2 surface on anodization. We observed wide distribution of TiO 2 particles ranging from submicron to nanometre sizes, fully covering the substrate forming a thin film on anodizing. With the formation of a thin film of TiO 2 , we observed strong bactericidal activity. Bactericidal activity was attributed to the well-known photocatalytic property of the semiconductor TiO 2 . Here we present some arguments for reasoning out why certain semiconducting metal oxides exhibit photocatalytic properties and some do not. We also present some of the important elementary reaction steps considering adsorbed oxygen and water molecule as necessary molecules for the photooxidation process. Other reactions involved in producing reactive oxygen species and hydroxyl radical are presented to understand the process involved in photocatalytic biocidal activity. Finally, we present visualization of photocatalytic bactericidal activity of TiO 2 using AFM.


In this paper, a simple, general and scalable hierarchical control framework is proposed and validated through the interconnection of the Joule–Thomson and the Brayton cycle stages of a cryogenic refrigerator. The proposed framework enables to handle the case of destabilizing interconnections through state and/or control signals (which is the case of the cryogenic refrigerator example). Moreover, it offers the possibility to simply change the behavior of the overall system (depending on the context) by only eywords: ierarchical MPC ryogenic refrigerators ixed-point iteration odular design onvergence changing the coordinator problem's parameters without changing the set of local controllers used by subsystems which is a common industrial requirement regarding industrial control architectures. Finally, the proposed scheme enables a smooth operator handover on a specific subsystem and/or actuator. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


A survey was conducted to show the origin of pollution resulting in farml and abandoned in the Central Plains Oil Field. It has been found that the main pollution causing abandoned farmland was wastewater with high concentration of dissolved salts from corroded pipeline of the oil field. The contents of total salts from the polluted soil were 7.07 g·kg-1. Of them, Na+ and Cl- were 9.39 and 11.56 cmol· kg-1, respectively. The contents of them were 6.0, 7.8 and 18.1 times as much as that of unpolluted soil. The high contents of total salt. Na+ and Cl- caused compaction of the soil association with degradation and deterioration of soil ecological environment.


Photograph of young girls gathered for a birthday party in Longview, Texas. The girls are all wearing dresses and bows in their hair, and there is a dog lying on the ground in front of them. From left to right, top to bottom, the members of the photograph are:

Top row: Ruth Florence, Mildred Sparkman, Frances Morgan, Dorothy Earl Watson.

Second row: Ruth Sparkman, Katherine Melton, Lucile Morgan, Florine Eddins.

Third row: Mary Emily Landers (baby), Josephine Hopkins.

Bottom row: Christine Johnson, Katherine Flewellen, Adele Moore.


A high-speed distributed vibration sensor based on balanced Mach-Zehnder interference and optical time-domain reflectometer is introduced to distinguish multiple vibration simultaneously. The experimental results show a high spatial resolution and a fast frequency response.


Surgical measures can be of great assistance in restoring function to hands deformed by rheumatoid arthritis. The authors consider the several approaches for deforming disabilities.


Objective:To analyze the features of the recurrence gastric cancer.Methods:Sixty two cases of recurrence gastric cancer were cured with surgery or chemotherapy.Results:In 34 cases treated with surgery 1,3,5-year survival rates were 70.5%,32.3% and 14.7%.In 13 cases treated with curative resection 1,3,5-year survival rates were 84.6%,38.4%and 15.3%;In 21 cases treated with palliative resection 1,3,5-year survival rates were 71.4%,23.8% and 9.5%.In 28 cases treated by chemotherapy,CR 6,PR 10,SD 8,PD 4,the effective rate was 57.1%.Conclusion:Gastric cancer recurrence after radical surgery and chemotherapy should be actively treated.


Adverse effects of acid rain on the growth of plants include acidification of soils and the subsequent leaching of basic cations and release of certain elements in potentially toxic concentrations from soil. The present study describes changes in the elemental conditions of cultivated soil and soybean plants exposed to simulated acid rain.The cultivated soil pH (soil: H2O=1:2.5) at the upper layer (0-5cm) was significantly decreased with increasing acidity of simulated acid rain. At pH 2.0, the contents of soluble basic cations, Mn and Zn in water (soil: H2O=1:5) were significantly increased in the upper soil layer (0-5cm) compared with pH 5.6. As a result of these changes on soil conditions, the uptake rate of basic cations, Cu, Mn and Zn by the soybean plants were increased by exposing the simulated acid rain at pH 2.0. These results suggested that the concentration of Mn and Cu in plant are available to estimate the acidification of soil with acid rain.On the other hand, despite the contents of soluble Al in 1N CH3COONH4 was increased and of soluble P in water was decreased with decreasing pH of soil in the upper soil layer, P uptake rate by soybean plants was increased at pH 2.0. Any effects of toxic element were not observed at all pH treatments.These results suggested that soil chamistry may change significantly in upper layer by simulated acid rain treatment at pH 3.0 or below, but the effects of such changes were not important on the growth and yield of soybean plants under the normal manuring practice.


A protocol based on target levels, referenced to maximum voluntary closing force (MVCF), was used to assess static force control in the perioral musculature. Twenty normal-speaking subjects were instructed to produce rapid and accurate isometric force trajectories to end-point target levels and maintain force on-target for 5 sec while viewing a computer monitor. Each lip was assessed on a number of quantitative force control measures at 10, 20, 50, and 75% of MCVF. The 10% and 20% target levels were included so that static force control could be evaluated within the presumed physiological operating range for normal speech. Results of the target-level scaling procedure revealed that the upper lip was more stable in controlling force at all four targets. The use of MVCF-based target scaling is discussed in relation to absolute nonscaled force analysis methods applied to the perioral motor system.


The present study investigated school counselors' ratings of the importance of factors in deciding to report adolescent risk-taking behaviors to parents. Turkish school counselors (N = 346) were surveyed. Differences based on gender, years of experience, level of education, attendance of a counseling ethics course, and geographic region were investigated. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used in data analysis. Protecting the student was the highest rated factor. Women and those who took an ethics course rated protecting the student higher than others. Implications for counseling ethics training are discussed, and recommendations for future research are outlined.


The problems associated with the operation of overhead power lines and ways of improving control over their condition with the help of UAVs are considered. A structural diagram of the system of technical diagnostics of overhead lines based on UAVs was developed, for which the necessary diagnostic parameters were selected according to informative criteria. An analysis of types of UAVs was carried out in order to determine their suitability and efficiency of use for diagnosing the condition of overhead lines.


Abstract Background: There is limited information on the relation between glucose levels in pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes in HIV-infected pregnant women. Objective: To evaluate the potential impact of fasting glucose levels on pregnancy outcomes in a large sample of pregnant women with HIV from a national study, adjusting for potential confounders. Methods: Data from the Italian National Program on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy were used. The main outcomes evaluated in univariate and multivariable analyses were birthweight for gestational age >90th percentile (large for gestational age [LGA]), nonelective cesarean delivery, and preterm delivery. Glucose measurements were considered both as continuous and as categorical variables, following the HAPO study definition. Results: Overall, 1,032 cases were eligible for the analysis. In multivariable analyses, a birthweight >90th percentile was associated with increasing fasting plasma glucose levels (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] per unitary (mg/dL) increase, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.06; P = .005), a higher body mass index, and parity of 1 or higher. A lower risk of LGA was associated with smoking and African ethnicity. A higher fasting plasma glucose category was significantly associated with LGA occurrence, and AORs for the glucose categories of 90–94 mg/ dL and 95–99 mg/dL were 3.34 (95% CI, 1.09–10.22) and 6.26 (95% CI, 1.82–21.58), respectively. Fasting plasma glucose showed no association with nonelective cesar-ean section [OR per unitary increase, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98–1.02] or preterm delivery [OR per unitary increase, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99–1.02]. Conclusions: In pregnant women with HIV, glucose values below the threshold usually defining hyperglycemia are associated with an increased risk of delivering LGA infants. Other conditions may independently contribute to adverse perinatal outcomes in women with HIV and should be considered to identify pregnancies at risk.


m a y have seemed to the current popula t ion to be interminable , they d id indeed have t ime limits. In contrast, " the threat of nuclear w a r is qui te different; it entails pro longed, s teady psychological erosion, punc tu  ated by burs t s of ext reme crisis . . . The nuclear age is f o r e v e r ; . . . there is no revers ing the discoveries and engineer ing feats that have ushered in a n e w phase in h u m a n history" (p. 8). Mental Health Implications of Life in the Nuclear Age pul ls together research s tudies and possible intervention approaches that address this un ique and universal stressor in the lives of children, adolescents, adul ts , a n d families. The book is actually a special edit ion of the International Journal of Mental Health. Most of the articles present s tudies describing surveys of a t t i tudes a n d feelings concerning the potent ia l of nuclear war . The final section of the book describes interventions and construc tive actions that menta l heal th professionals can take, bo th in direct personal involvement t h rough professional organizat ions and in their work wi th clients. For example , Norber t Wetzel and H inda Winawer , in their chapter "The Psychosocial Consequences of the Nuclear Threat from a Family Systems Perspective," tackle the difficult issue of w h e n latent concerns about nuclear threat should be addressed in work wi th families in crisis. The vo lume consists of separate articles wi th no a t t empt to relate each to the others . It w o u l d have he lped if the editor had pul led the articles together wi th commenta ry or p ro  v ided a summat ion and implications chapter to conclude the vo lume. The topic of living wi th the threat of nuclear w a r or accident creates anxiety and a sense of helplessness in the professional as well as the client. A delineation of implications and specific directions for practice is needed to m o v e professionals toward appropr ia te action.


In the first chapter can be distinguished two broad views of causal relation which can never be identified with each other, though that chapter has left it without drawing out clearly the manifest differences between those two. ár¢ R¡m¡nuja himself does not set forth clearly his two views as distinct from each other, and perhaps, identifies one view with the other, as will be showed, in order to yield a unitary conception of Br¡hma ̧ as the sole cause.


The flexion range of knee joint could be seen as the most important factor to evaluate the effect of total knee arthroplasty.In this review,the author tried to find out the main influencing factors of flexion range after total knee arthroplasty,just as the preoperative flexion range of knee joint,the related disease and trauma,the type of permutation,the operation skill,and effect of CPM etc.At the same time,we also suggested some probable influence factors.We hoped to provide reference to promote the clinic result of total knee arthroplasty.


The surface structure of human blood platelets and their alterations by thrombin were studied by scanning electron microscopy.The majority of the native platelets were discoid or lentiform as already reported by previous authors using the transmission electron microscope. The surface was relatively smooth, but some platelets had a few slight elevations and conic depressions which may correspond to the openings of the endoplasmic reticulum. A few platelets possessed at the margin one or two spiny short projections.The platelets collected by careful centrifugation partly showed a few long pseudopods which were issued from the margin of the platelet and supposed to be the elongation of the spiny projections described above. About 78% of the collected platelets were discoid in form, 12.5% spheroidal, 5.5% spherical and 4% irregular.The addition of thrombin to the citrated, platelet rich plasma caused the following changes. At first small protrusions appeared on the entire surface of the platelets except for their margin. The discoid platelets then transformed into spheres covered by the grown and rounded protrusions and aggregated, while the formation of pseudopods proceeded. Fibrin strands about 0.1μ in thickness appeared to form networks into which the aggregated platelets were arrested more and more firmly.


The automobile industry has been changing rapidly in recent years, and, in particular, a high growth in engine control technologies is taking place. Until now, this technology has been concerned primarily with controlling the fuel and ignition systems. Recently, however, there has been much interest towards controlling engine intake air volume so as to provide a migration path from the current technology in which the throttle valve is controlled directly through the accelerator cable to a drive-by-wire control using a microcomputer. In support of this migration, Hitachi, using its accumulated mechatronics expertise, has developed both an electronic throttle control system that is capable of controlling the intake air volume as well as an insert type hot-wire airflow sensor that can accurately measure the intake air volume.


Abstract SN 2001ja was observed twice in three months using the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The X-ray flux could be due to interaction with the circumstellar medium, perhaps dominated by the reverse shock heated thermal plasma, or from inverse Compton scattering at the forward shock. In both cases, for a steady wind-like circumstellar density profile, the X-ray flux is expected to fall off as a power law or faster. But the flux from the position of SN 2011ja, increased by a factor of three between these observations. In this presentation, we investigated possible reasons, including contamination from other astrophysical sources such as a X-Ray Binary, within the Chandra's resolution, in the host galaxy using our observations, modelling and pre-explosion Chandra/XMM data.


In a paper in the Medical News of Feb. 9, 1889, the writer called attention to a phenomenon first described by Weiss at the Baden-Baden meeting of German scientists and physicians ten years before, and asserted to be a prodromal sign of myopia. Another report on the subject was made by Weiss to the Heidelberg Society in 1885, and his elaborate paper was published in Volume XXXI of Graefe's Archives. The matter has since received little attention; and Dimmer's note in his Retinal Reflexes (Die Ophthalmoskopischen Lichtreflexe der Netzhaut), and my paper in English, (also in Kl. Monatsbl.May, 1889) are about the only further references to it. The careful study of Dimmer corrects the one minor point in which my view of the causation of the appearance seems in error, and gives full scientific corroboration of the facts; so the phenomenon may be regarded as real and noteworthy in a


City officials are continuously working to attract airlines willing to fly to new destinations. The inherent expectation is that a more extensive aviation network stimulates economic growth. This paper investigates empirically the causal implication of this hypothesis. Using data on non-stop flights by origin and destination over the period 1984-2001, we propose a new measure for a city's connectivity to the national aviation network. We then use this measure to investigate its contribution to local economic development, as reflected by the growth in population, in total employment, in percapita income and new firm entry. To ensure causality, we use instrumental variable methods that exploit geography and weather patterns at destination cities as a way to capture the exogenous variation in the likelihood to add new travel routes. Our results suggest that a city's air connectivity, resulting from an extensive local aviation network, has a positive effect on population size, employment level and on the number of businesses established in that location. JEL: O18, R1, R4


Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) is a complex, potentially reversible neuropsychiatric condition that occurs due to acute or chronic liver disease1. In
managing patients with HE in cirrhosis of the liver it is very important to stage the encephalopathy into four clinical stages and then try to identify
and treat the precipitating factors. In the presence of the precipitating factors, the neurological decits are usually completely reversible on their
correction and the prognosis is good if the precipitant can be treated2. Results: A total of 54 patients with cirrhosis of the liver suffering from hepatic
encephalopathy were studied for different precipitating factors over a period of 15 months. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) (48.14%) is the
most common precipitating factor in our study, followed by gastrointestinal bleeding(31.48%), constipation(27.77%), sepsis(24.04%),
hyponatremia(20.37%) and hypokalemia(11.11%). Conclusion: Early detection and diagnosis of the precipitating factors of HE help in the
focused treatment of this highly fatal condition thereby reducing the mortality in such patients