Objective To observate the affect of bone metabolism in patients with diabetes treated by Calcitrol and Calcium,and illustrate it is important that patients are treated by Calcitrol and Calcium early. Methods 58 cases with type 2 DM were randomly divided into two groups(the treatment group and the control group). The treatment group (28 cases) have been given Calcitrol(0. 25 μg/d,Qingdao Haier Pharmaceutical Co. ,Ltd. )and Calcium(1200 mg,twice/d) except diabetes treatments. The control group (30 cases) are treated by diabetes treatments only. Results The treatment one was better than control one in some signs. It had more statistical significance than control one (P 0. 05). Conclusion It is important patients with DM are treated by Calcitrol and Calcium early,because it can improve the bone metabolism and prewenet diabetic osteoporosis.


The posterodorsal preoptic nucleus (PdPN) and the lateral part of the posterodorsal medial amygdala (MeApd) express Fos with ejaculation in male gerbils. Ejaculation‐activated cells participate in the PdPN and MeApd projections to each other and to the sexually dimorphic preoptic area (SDA), but those projections involve less than 20% of the activated PdPN cells and less than 50% of the activated MeApd cells. To identify other potential targets of ejaculation‐activated cells, we traced PdPN and lateral MeApd outputs using biotinylated dextran amine. The principal part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTpr) and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPv) were labeled from both sites and were injected with Fluoro‐Gold to determine whether PdPN and lateral MeApd cells that express Fos with ejaculation would be retrogradely labeled. Fluoro‐Gold was also applied to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) and retrorubral field (RRF) because such injections label PdPN cells in rats. The PdPN‐DMH projection is minimal in gerbils, involving few, if any, ejaculation‐related cells. Ejaculation‐activated PdPN cells project to the AVPv (43%), dorsal BSTpr (30%), and RRF (12%). Those in the lateral MeApd project to the dorsal BSTpr (43%) and AVPv (18%). When these percentages are combined with those for ejaculation‐activated cells involved in the PdPN and lateral MeApd projections to each other and to the medial SDA, the totals reach 100%. Thus, every PdPN and MeApd cell activated with ejaculation may participate in one of these projections. Similar projections may contribute to the similar behavioral effects of the PdPN and MeApd. J. Comp. Neurol. 444:75–94, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In the last decade, there have been several investigations into the route by which a polymer melt that has been subjected to flow transforms into a crystalline state. Crystallization of polymers from flowing or stressed melts is a technologically important problem since most thermoplastics are subjected to intense flow fields during normal processing operations. The renewed interest in this problem is due to the availability of new experimental tools that, coupled with advances in modeling and simulations, are beginning to yield insights into the molecular characteristics that control the crystallization pathways adopted by a stressed polymer melt. Recent evidence conclusively implicates the high molecular weight tail in promoting crystallization on shearing. It appears that the formation of oriented nuclei in polydisperse melts is controlled by chain orientation of a small fraction of high molecular weight chains in a melt. Thus, it is the rheological criteria for "critical" chain orientation that govern flow‐induced acceleration and orientation in polymer crystallization. This review summarizes the literature on the effect of shearing on polymer crystallization, and focuses on recent advances in understanding the role of molecular parameters that couple polymer crystallization to flow and melt orientation.


. During the software developing, more and more software designments are failed because of the requirements change. Requirements change has becoming the main error source of software developing, and it directly influences the quality of software. In this paper, we analyze the types of requirements change and its influence on the software developing. Our analysis will provide references for implement of the requirements change in software developing.


We propose a model to give us a method to investigate the characteristic three-dimensional directivity in an arbitrarily configured flexible electret-based loudspeaker. In recent years, novel electret loudspeakers have attracted much interest due to their being lightweight, paper thin, and possessing excellent mid- to high-frequency responses. Increasing or decreasing the directivity of an electret loudspeaker makes it excellent for adoption to many applications, especially for directing sound to a particular area or specific audio location. Herein, we detail a novel electret loudspeaker that possesses various directivities and is based on various structures of spacers instead of having to use multichannel amplifiers and a complicated digital control system. In order to study the directivity of an electret loudspeaker based on an array structure which can be adopted for various applications, the horizontal and vertical polar directivity characteristics as a function of frequency were simulated by a finite-element analysis model. To validate the finite-element analysis model, the beam pattern of the electret loudspeaker was measured in an anechoic room. Both the simulated and experimental results are detailed in this article to validate the various assertions related to the directivity of electret cell-based smart speakers.


In this paper, a novel identification algorithm (hybrid intelligent system) using inverse analysis of the vibration response of a cracked cantilever beam has been proposed. The crack identification algorithm utilizes the vibration signatures of the cracked beam derived from finite element and theoretical analysis. The hybrid controller is designed to predict the crack locations and their severities by integrating the capabilities of fuzzy logic and neural network technique. The measured modal parameters along with the outputs from the fuzzy controller are the inputs to the neural segment of the hybrid system, where as final relative crack depths and final relative crack locations are the output parameters. The derived vibration parameters are used to establish series of fuzzy rules and training patterns for the fuzzy and neural controller. Finally, the reliability of the proposed crack identification algorithm is established by comparing the results obtained from the experimental analysis.


A new technique is presented to enhance the effect of holding in deep drawing process for rectangular parts. By the new method, the blanking forces can be loaded with two or more blank holders on different positions. Also, the holding force on each position keeps constant in the whole drawing process by using the springs and rubbers as elastic components, so that the holding force designed by this method is more agreeable to the requirement of deep drawing process than by conventional one.


ABSTRACT Widespread and careless use of unmanned aerial vehicles, such as drones, often raises serious privacy and security issues. To some extent, timely and accurate detection of drones enables observers to counteract unwarranted intrusion and other forms of their misuse. This is not an easy task, however, drones, on one hand, being small in size, are difficult to spot in general. On the other hand, they fly at low altitudes and against a background containing several look-alike objects. In this work, a hybrid approach for the detection of drones by the moving spy drone camera is presented which combines Contiguous Outlier Representation via Online Low-rank Approximation (COROLA) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The COROLA technique is used for detecting a small moving object present in a scene and the CNN algorithm is employed for accurate drone recognition in a wide array of complex backgrounds. This hybrid technique is robust and time-efficient as it obviates full processing of the entire image sequence. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we have compared its performance with R-STIC (Regression on Spatial-Temporal Image Cube), a state-of-the-art detection method, under different real-life scenarios. The obtained results show that the proposed hybrid approach is better than R-STIC, in terms of computational efficiency, accuracy, and robustness.


Cultural influence is an important factor for measuring and demonstrating a country's cultural soft power.Proceeding from soft power,this paper makes a profound analysis of various barriers to communication of wushu culture in the context of different cultures competion.The barrier to wushu cultural penetration is that the culture of wushu is abstract;the barrier to wushu cultural identity is that insight is more valued than data;the barrier to wushu cultural expression is that etiquette is more stressed than details;the barrier to wushu cultural infiltration is that self cultivation is more emphasized than outward communication;the barrier to wushu cultural creativity is that tradition is preferred to creation;the barrier to wushu cultural pioneering is that orthodoxy comes before modernity.Influenced by all these ideas and theories,wushu development predominantly features "dogmatic,conservative,and unchang-ing",and "following tradition blindly and obedience to ancient saints".The paper,through the analysis and identification of barriers to wushu communication,is intended to foreground wushu's influence and charm,and contribute to enhancement of national cultural soft power.


A conformational study of 1-phenyl-2-X-ethanol [X = SH, SCH3, SOCH3, SO2CH3, and S(CH3)2] is reported. The values of the vicinal and long-range (H–O–C–C–H and H–C–S–C–H) coupling constants obtained from n.m.r. spectra recorded in several solvents indicate that in most cases only one of the possible conformations around the C–C bond is preferred. This conformation, in which the sulphur function has a gauche-relationship with the hydroxy-group and an anti-relationship with the phenyl group, is probably stabilized more by polar interactions between the heteroatoms than by other factors.


In this thesis two computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are presented and implemented and their performance is evaluated. The first system proposed is a fully automated segmentation and classification scheme for mammograms based on breast density estimation and detection of asymmetry. First, image preprocessing and segmentation techniques are applied. Then, features for breast density categorization are extracted and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are employed for classification, achieving accuracy of up to 85.7%. Most of these properties are used to extract a new set of statistical features for each breast, that are used to detect breast asymmetry between a pair of mammograms. The classifier adopted is an one-class SVM classifier, which resulted in a success rate of 84.47%. This composite methodology has been applied to the miniMIAS database. The results were evaluated by expert radiologists, are very promising and compared to other related works. The second system proposed is an experimental "morphological analysis" retrieval system for mammograms, using Relevance-Feedback techniques. The features adopted are first-order statistics of the Normalized Radial Distance, extracted from the annotated mass boundary. The system is evaluated on an extensive dataset of 2274 masses of the DDSM database, which involves 7 distinct classes. The experiments verify that the involvement of the radiologist as part of the retrieval process improves the results, reaching the precision rate of almost 90%. Therefore, RelevanceFeedback can be employed as a very useful complementary tool to a Computer Aided Diagnosis system. Subject area: Digital Signal Processing, Medical Image Analysis, Pattern Recognition


The movement of the working body from the corresponding drive is described by a kinematic mathematical model that is adequate to the case of the absence of dynamic factors. This model should be adjusted and take into account the load dynamics. For the case of a mechanical drive of the working body, it is quite sufficient to determine the dependence of the process dynamics coefficient on a known combination of active factors. The working body is driven by a hydraulic drive, then when building a dynamic model of the object, it is necessary to take into account the hydrodynamics of the drive.


This paper presents a computer-based technique for the dynamic analysis of multibody systems undergoing large motion and structural deformations. As a specific example, this formulation is applied to the rollover simulation of a truck (multibody system) to determine the deformation of its safety rollbar cage (structure). The cab or safety rollbar cage is modeled by the finite element method. The model may contain beam, plate, or other types of finite elements. The material property of the structure is assumed to be linear for small structural deformations. However, in severe rollover or crash situations the deformation is no longer elastic, therefore, elasto-plastic material characteristics must be considered


*NOTE: As part of the transition to an Occupational Therapy Doctorate (OTD), the WVU Division of Occupational Therapy anticipates accepting their first class of doctoral students in June 2021. This means that the last class of students admitted prior to earning a bachelor degree will be admitted in June 2020. Afterwards, all new students entering the WVU OT program will need to have a bachelor degree prior to admission. Specifics on the nature of that degree along with clarification regarding additional application requirements can be secured by contacting the Division of Occupational Therapy. Interested applicants should also check the OT Program's web site at https://medicine.hsc.wvu.edu/ot/ as more information about the transition is updated and published on that location.


Abstract The new type of prefabricated embedded concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) special-shaped column structure delivers green and environmentally-friendly strengths and high space. In this study, a full-scale frame test piece with one frame façade, two stories and two spans are designed and fabricated for purposes of exploring the seismic performance and node connection safety of filled built-in steel tube concrete-filled special-shaped column, and low cyclic load testing is implemented. The bearing characteristics, deformation capacity, energy-dissipating capacity, ductility and stiffness degradation of the test piece are analyzed. The results showed that the failure mechanism is typical beam hinge mechanism. The fabricated beam-column and column-column connection nodes in this paper are safe and reliable. The hysteretic curve of fabricated embedded CFST special-shaped column is full, the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of fabricated embedded CFST special-shaped column are better than such indexes of ordinary reinforced concrete special-shaped column. The inter-story displacement angle is 1/32 when the test piece is damaged, being significantly higher than the limit value of elastic-plastic inter-story displacement angle of 1/50 under strong earthquake. The precast embedded steel-reinforced concrete special-shaped column structure is only required to be connected with steel ribs to significantly improve the construction speed and quality, delivering great economy.


Hydroponic system is a technique of cultivating plants without using soil as a growing medium, but using water that is given nutrients and oxygen as a growing medium.  Cultivation with hydroponic techniques must be able to pay attention and control nutrients, water content, and water ph. This research aims to create a lettuce cultivation system with intelligent hydroponic techniques using the ATmega2560 microcontroller. This system uses Arduino Mega as the control center, TDS sensor to monitor nutrition, PH sensor to monitor water acidity, and ultrasonic sensor to monitor water level. The optimal growth characteristic of lettuce is that the acidity level must be at pH 5.5-6.5 with the nutrients provided at 685-950 ppm. This system can help lettuce cultivation with hydroponic techniques by monitoring and controlling nutrients, pH, and water content in cultivated plants in real time to optimize lettuce growth.


: Mandibular angle fracture is a common type of maxillofacial injury that can lead to significant morbidity if not managed properly. The management of mandibular angle fracture depends on various factors such as the severity of the injury, associated injuries, patient's age and overall health, and availability of resources. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence, etiology, management, and outcomes of mandibular angle fracture in patients with maxillofacial injuries in and around Indore, using a combined retrospective and prospective approach.: A combined retrospective and prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in and around Indore. Data were collected on patient demographics, injury characteristics, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and outcomes. A total of 1510 patients with maxillofacial injuries were included in the study, out of which 114 patients had mandibular angle fractures. The incidence of mandibular angle fracture in our study population was 19%. The majority of the patients with mandibular angle fracture were males (80.9%) and in the age group of 21-40 years (56.1%). The most common cause of mandibular angle fracture was road traffic accidents (77.7%), followed by assault (17.7%). The most common associated injuries were fractures of para symphysis (63.6%) followed by fractures of the condyle (25.3%). The follow-up of patients with mandibular angle fracturs showed a good clinical outcome in the majority of cases. Mandibular angle fracture is a common type of maxillofacial injury in our study population, with road traffic accidents being the most common cause. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of mandibular angle fractures can prevent long-term complications and improve patient outcomes.


Pharmacokinetics of IFN α-2b and IFN α-2b liposome in rats was determined and tissue distribution and excretion were also studied. The pharmacokinetic process was studied after iv inecting different dosages of IFN α-2b and liposome by  125 I labeling and SDS-PAGE technique. The concentration-time curves of the two proteins were fitted to two-compartment model. The t 1/2β of INF α-2b was 0.69 h, while IFN α-2b liposome was 3.36 h, 3.02 h and 2.34 h. IFN α-2b liposome was increased in most of tissues especially in liver and spleen. Liposome can lengthen the half life of IFN α-2b in serum and tissues.


High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method validation was performed for the determination of assay content in cholic acid. The validation method utilizes an Luna C18, 150 x 4.6mm, 5µm column at ambient temperature, isocratic elution with aqueous sodium phosphate buffer at pH 3.0±0.05, acetonitrile and methanol (40:40:20) as the mobile phase. The mobile-phase flow rate was 1.0 mL min -1 . The linearity, range, system precision, method precision, method ruggedness are found to be satisfactory. Therefore the method is assumed to be selective for the determination of assay content in cholic acid by HPLC.


The field of solar magnetoseismology (SMS) is heavily reliant upon our understanding of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves that occur in many solar features. Building on previous studies of propagating MHD waves in a magnetic slab embedded in a nonmagnetic asymmetric environment, in this study we assume a line-tying boundary condition and use analytical techniques to derive the dispersion relation for linear standing MHD oscillations. The slab is first assumed thin, with arbitrary asymmetry, in order to derive the frequencies of the standing harmonic modes for both slow quasi-sausage and slow quasi-kink waves. Besides this, the asymmetry is assumed to be weak in order to determine the frequency dependence on the width of the slab and the asymmetry of the system, to leading order. For both the quasi-sausage and quasi-kink modes, the derived eigenfrequencies show that the dependence on the asymmetry in the system is much weaker than the dependence on the width of the slab. Using the eigenfrequencies, other observable quantities are derived (such as, e.g., the frequency ratio) providing an opportunity to use SMS to infer background diagnostics of the system.


The cockroach tactile spine neuron is a sensory receptor which adapts completely to a maintained mechanical stimulus. All of the available evidence indicates that the adaptation occurs during the encoding of action potentials from the receptor current. White noise current was injected into tactile spine neurons via an intracellular microelectrode to produce action potentials. First- and second-order frequency response functions were measured between membrane potential and action potentials. The results were used to test a nonlinear model of action potential encoding in which the threshold for action potentials increases with depolarization via two time constants.


An organic electro luminescence device and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to form a hole transport layer and an organic emission layer with a uniform thickness by forming separators on a bank in a stripe pattern. An organic electro luminescence device includes a substrate(110), a plurality of first electrodes(112), a bank(115), a plurality of separators(125), an organic emission layer, and a plurality of second electrodes(132). The plurality of first electrodes are provided on the substrate. The bank is formed on the substrate and the first electrodes, and defines pixels on the first electrodes. The plurality of separators are formed between pixels in a stripe pattern, and are formed of organic matters. The pixels are filled with the organic emission layer. The plurality of second electrodes are formed on the organic emission layer, the bank, and the separators.


Background Lack of sight compromises insight into other people's mental states. Little is known about the role of maternal language in assisting the development of mental state language in children with visual impairment (VI). Aims To investigate mental state language strategies of mothers of school-aged children with VI and to compare these with mothers of comparable children with typically developing vision. To investigate whether the characteristics of mother–child discourse were associated with the child's socio-communicative competence. Methods & Procedures Mother–child discourse with twelve 6–12-year-old children with VI was coded during a shared book-reading narrative and compared with 14 typically sighted children matched in age and verbal ability. Outcomes & Results Mothers of children with VI elaborated more and made significantly more references to story characters' mental states and descriptive elaborations than mothers of sighted children. Mental state elaborations of mothers in the VI group related positively with the level produced by their children, with the association remaining after mothers' overall verbosity and children's developmental levels were controlled for. Frequency of maternal elaborations, including their mental state language, was related to socio-communicative competence of children with VI. Conclusions & Implications The findings offer insights into the potential contribution of maternal verbal scaffolding to mentalistic language and social–communicative competences of children with VI.


A high temperature and high salinity resistant particulated precrosslinked gel(PPG) is prepared by reacting 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid,AMPS,inorganic material containing Si—Si and Si—C bonds,silicon coupling agent at the presence of an initiator and cutting and granulating the gelled reaction product.The swelling and expanding behavior of PPG is investigated extensively.In recycled oilfield produced water(RPW) of TSD=158.5 g/L for reservoir flooding taken from the P-3 gathering/treating plant,the time needed for PPG swelling to reach equilibrium is of 2.5,6,and 9 hrs at 80℃ for particle size 0.5,1—3,and 3—5 mm,respectively,and of 24 hrs at room temperature and 6—8 hrs at 80℃ and 90℃ for particle size 1—3 mm;in all the above cases the PPG swelling factor is 10;the swelling factor of PPG in RPW notably decreases in 15 days of ageing in the RPW at 70—135℃ and keeps unchanged up to 60 days of ageing,being in range 5—12 at ageing temperature 135℃;the PPG swelling factor at ageing temperature 135℃ in 350 g/L highly mineralized water is less and its changes with ageing time is similar;when being aged in the RPW at 135℃ and 45 MPa pressure,the PPG swelling factor is by 2.5—3.5 less in comparison with that in normal pressure ageing.In indepth profile modification(IDPM) operations performed in HTHS oil reservoir in strata S2L of east Pucheng district,the particle size,the slug concentration(2—6 kg/m3 in RPW),and the slug structure were designed and determined according to the changes in injection pressure.6360 m3,or 0.05 PV,of PPG suspensin in RPW containing 21.5 t PPG followed by 140 m3 of inorganic profiling agent were injected into injection well P5-112 and 4250 m3,or 0.10 PV,of PPG suspension in RPW containing 14.5 t PPG followed by 20 m3 of inorganic profiling agent—into well P4-581.As a result of the IDPM,an increase in oil production and a decrease in fluid production and water cut were observed in 3 of 4 connected production well in 6—10 months.


Software defined networking (SDN) is an emerging technology for controlling flows through networks. Used in the context of industrial control systems, an objective is to design configurations that have built-in protection for hardware failures in the sense that the configuration has "baked-in" back-up routes. The objective is to leave the configuration static as long as possible, minimizing the need to have the controller push in new routing and filtering rules We have designed and implemented a tool that enables us to determine the complete connectivity map from an analysis of all switch configurations in the network. We can use this tool to explore the impact of a link failure, in particular to determine whether the failure induces loss of the ability to deliver a flow even after the built-in back-up routes are used. A measure of the original configuration's resilience to link failure is the mean number of link failures required to induce the first such loss of service. The computational cost of each link failure and subsequent analysis is large, so there is much to be gained by reducing the overall cost of obtaining a statistically valid estimate of resiliency. This paper shows that when analysis of a network state can identify all as-yet-unfailed links any one of whose failure would induce loss of a flow, then we can use the technique of importance sampling to estimate the mean number of links required to fail before some flow is lost, and analyze the potential for reducing the variance of the sample statistic. We provide both theoretical and empirical evidence for significant variance reduction.


This study aims to improve the process of students' speaking skill through sociodrama method on students of English Department of STKIP SetiaBudhiRangkasbitung in Banten region. The participants include 33 students in the third semester. This study uses qualitative descriptive to draw the phenomenon in the classroom when sociodrama applied. Class activity, learning material, class structure in applying sociodrama, student' perception, sociodrama value, and sociodrama tasks are described to understand the class applied by sociodrama. From the research result, it can be concluded that learning by using sociodrama based task is an effective way and provide students to produce language frequently with the groups and grow student'  motivation well.


The working principle and feature of the self-locking gag based on cylinder and double wedges are introduced.The conditions of self-locking and the calculating formulate of output force are given also.With the mechanism,we can gain powerful force in moment,which is manual.And the self-locking is able to keep output force for a long time.


Objective To analyze the status of community nursing personnel training and explore its reform direction.Methods Totals of 160 community health service institutions in 11 cities in Zhejiang province were investigated by convenience sampling.The content validity of the modified questionnaire was 0.9,and the reliability Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.87.Results One hundred and sixty questionnaires were issued and 150 questionnaires were responsive with an effective response rate of 93.8%,including 119 community health service centers and 31 community health service station.Most community organizations (57.1%) thought that current personnel training program of nursing could not satisfy the requirements of practical community nursing.The shortcomings were as follows:1) insufficient health and recovery knowledge (54.7%) ; 2) insufficient humanity knowledge,such as psychology and law (45.2%) ; 3) insufficient knowledge about epidemic disease and preventive medicine (42.6%) ; 4) insufficient class hour on community nursing (40.0%) ; 5) insufficient knowledge on nursing research (18.7%).Most community organizations thought it was necessary for the college to set up community nursing class (54.8%).The courses they suggested were:preventive medicine,recovery medicine,health education,psychology,epidemic medicine,medicine and society.The core skills of the community nurses should include the skill to communicate with patients,the ability of disease systematic nursing,independent analysis and problem solving.Conclnsions Current college education can not fully meet the requirements of community nursing personnel training.College should set up special class on community nursing,revise the courses oriented towards community nursing,and emphasize the core skills of community nursing.

Key words:
Community nursing ;  Personnel training ;  Status ;  Reform


The article is devoted to the most urgent problems of teachering Russian lanquage in the schools of states members of CIS.


It has been well-known for a very long time that, for anionic homo-polymerization or sequential copolymerization to occur, it is mandatory that the relative nucleophilic reactivity of the initiating species be equal to or larger than the one of the (co)monomer. However, the results described in this paper demonstrate that such a classic rule can be circumvented in some cases. Indeed, it is reported for the first time that potassium trimethylsilanolate, and living potassium poly(ethylene oxide), both of which are unable to initiate styrene or methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization, can be converted from oxyanionic active ends to silyl anionic ones by reacting with cyclic disila derivatives, so allowing the homopolymerization and sequential (co)polymerization of styrene or MMA to proceed in a controlled manner.


The invention discloses low-molecular potassium alginate containing low sodium salt. The low sodium salt contains the low-molecular potassium alginate and sodium chloride, wherein the weight-average molecular weight of the low-molecular potassium alginate is 700-10,000 dalton, value of the molar ratio of a mannuronic acid unit to a guluronic acid unit in the low-molecular potassium alginate is 0.3-3.3, and ubbelohde viscosity of the low-molecular potassium alginate is 3-16; the weight ratio of the sodium chloride to the low-molecular potassium alginate is (48-83):(13-40). According to the invention, as the low sodium salt contains the low-molecular potassium alginate, functions of potassium supplement and sodium excretion are realized; as the low-molecular potassium alginate contains small molecular potassium alginate, in the intestinal canal, the small molecular potassium alginate can be converted into small molecular sodium alga acid which is absorbed via an intestinal mucosa to enter a blood vessel, and as the small molecular sodium alga acid has the function of a calcium channel retardant, blood pressure drops. The low sodium salt contains the low-molecular potassium alginate, which is used for prevention and aid therapy of primary hypertension.


Abstract: Someone's involvement in budgeting will create a budgetary slack. This article aims to analyze the effect of budgetary participation and information asymmetry on budgetary slack. This type of research includes quantitative research, the focus of which will be directed at budgetary participation and information asymmetry in private universities in Pamekasan. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using statistical tests such as data quality tests, classical assumption tests and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the first hypothesis was accepted, which means that there was a significant influence between budgetary participation and budgetary slack. For the second hypothesis it is also accepted that there is a significant influence between information asymmetry on budgetary slack. The third hypothesis is tested simultaneously, the results are budgetary participation and information asymmetry together can create a larger budgetary slack.


A plasma processing chamber has a lower liner with an integrated flow equalizer. In an etching process, the processing gases may be unevenly drawn from the processing chamber which may cause an uneven etching of the substrate. The integrated flow equalizer is configured to equalize the flow of the processing gases evacuated from the chamber via the lower liner.


Thermoelectric (TE) generators, converting waste heat to electricity regain their attractiveness for reduction of fossil fuels' reliance, and consequently minimizing adverse environmental effects. Such generators are based on an electrical series connection of TE couples, which consist n- and p- type semiconducting legs divided by metallic bridges. While for intermediate temperatures of up to 500^oC, n-type PbTe was extensively studied and employed in commercial TE power generation applications, its maximal efficiency, as was reflected by the TE figure of merit, ZT, was in most of the cases maximized at a narrow temperature range for any given donor dopant concentration. The most commonly applied donor dopants are iodine and bismuth. Yet, some interesting characteristics were recently proposed upon using Ti as a donor dopant. Up to date an impressive maximal ZT of ~1.2 was obtained at 500^oC, upon doping of PbTe by 0.1 at.% Ti, while no lower concentrations were ever investigated. In the current research a lower, 0.05 at.% Ti doping level was applied, leading to the highest ever reported ZT values, for any given Ti doped PbTe, up to 350^oC. Since the chemical compatibility of Ti with PbTe, as a metallic bridge in such couples, is well established, mainly due to its low diffusion rates, the potential of generating a stable Ti-doped functionally graded n-type PbTe material, with enhanced TE performance, is currently being proposed.


Does political selection matter for policy in representative governments? I use administrative data on local politicians in Finland and exploit exogenous variation generated by close elections to show that electing more high-income, incumbent, and competent politicians (who earn more than observably similar politicians) improves fiscal sustainability outcomes but does not decrease the size of the public sector. I also provide suggestive evidence that electing more university-educated local councillors leads to more public spending without adverse effects on fiscal sustainability. I reconcile these findings with survey data on candidate ideology and demonstrate that different qualities are differentially associated with economic ideology.


ABSTRACT Adverse experiences in childhood may set the stage for future response to stress, emotion regulation, and interaction with partners in intimate relationships. This study examines the moderating role of childhood adversity on the association of daily marital stress with emotion work provision (intentional activities devoted to enhancing others' emotional well-being) and considers whether the association varies for men and women in same- and different-sex marriages. Specifically, I use ten days of dyadic diary data collected from 378 midlife same- and different-sex married couples (n = 756 individuals) and conduct multilevel regression models. The results show marital stress is positively associated with emotion work provision, and that the association is stronger for respondents who report more adverse childhood experiences. For respondents with low childhood adversity, the association of marital stress with emotion work is greater for same-sex couples compared to different-sex couples; for those with high childhood adversity, the association is equally strong. Findings from this study suggest that both men and women in same- and different-sex relationships do more emotion work in response to increased daily marital stress. Furthermore, early experiences of adversity are linked to stress responses in adulthood, with differing implications for men and women in different-sex and same-sex unions.


An instrumented composite wing is described. The wing is designed to meet the load and ruggedness requirements for a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in search-and-rescue applications. The UAV supports educational systems development and has a 2.1-m wingspan. The wing structure consists of a foam core covered by a carbon-fiber, laminate composite shell. To quantify the wing characteristics, a fiber-optic strain sensor was surface mounted to measure distributed strain. This sensor is based on Rayleigh scattering from local index variations and it is capable of high spatial resolution. The use of the Rayleigh-scattering fiber-optic sensors for distributed measurements is discussed.


ETC systems today use technology that can be exploited to track toll users. This work develops a GPS-free toll collection that uses a zero-knowledge proof to verify V2X On-board units (OBU) in a way that prioritizes security and privacy while accommodating resource limitations of the embedded technology. Our privacy preserving ETC protocol consists of three parts: a mutual authentication handshake, a zero-knowledge proof challenge, and a verification for toll-payment processing. Bench analysis evaluates embedded systems' limitations of algorithmic operations, and field tests of challenges are conducted in a real-life scenario to show proof-of-concept among V2X interference.


Accurate prediction of soil loss rates remains a problem because erosion exhibits a non-unique behavior given the same rainfall/runoff forcing. The effects and causes of uncertainties in soil surface erodibility resulting in such a behavior have not been fully addressed from a mechanistic perspective in previous research. We use a large database of empirical data on soil loss and a comprehensive physical model of runoff –overland flow –erosion –transport processes that dynamically updates the mass and composition of soil substrate at the hydrologic-event scale to address reasons of unpredictability in soil erosion. We explain the role of micro-scale erodibility (referred to here as 'geomorphic internal variability') on geomorphic response, which acts as an intermediary between larger-scale forcings and soil loss response. Accounting for a possible range of internal variability illustrates the high sensitivity of erosion response to initial conditions of soil bed, resulting in extremely large uncertainties in short-term predictions. Furthermore, the reduction of geomorphic response variability at larger temporal scales is primarily attributed to a 'compensation effect': temporal alternation of events that exhibit either 'source-limited' or 'transport-limited' regimes. We relate this reduction to a novel stochasticity index that reflects the degree of variability of intraand inter-event hydrometeorologic conditions. A higher stochasticity index implies a larger reduction of soil loss variability (higher predictability) at the aggregated temporal scales with respect to the mean hydrologic forcing.


This paper discusses the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic free convection Couette flow of an incompressible viscous fluid between two infinite vertical permeable plates in the presence of thermal radiation with an expo- nentially decaying pressure gradient. A uniform magnetic field that is perpen- dicular to the plates, and uniform suction and injection through the plates are applied. The magnetic field lines are assumed to be fixed relative to the moving plate. The momentum equation takes buoyancy forces into consideration, while the energy equation considers thermal radiation effects and viscous and Joule dissipations. The fluid is considered to be a gray absorbing-emitting but non- scattering medium in the optically thick limit. The Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The coupled pair of non-linear partial differential equations is discretized using the Galerkin finite element method. This yields a system of non-linear algebraic equations which is solved using an iterative method to obtain the velocity and tempera- ture distributions. The effects of suction parameter S, radiation parameter Rd,


Yiyang tune,as a special kind of drama culture,has been handed down for several hundred years.Its influence covers all over the country.In the development course of drama,it plays a role of "father of hundred dramas" to a certain degree.This paper explores the cultural spreading way of Yiyang tune,which is of great significance to reveal its wide spreading and long history.


J. Rueness. 2005. Life history and molecular sequences of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), a new introduction to European waters. Phycologia 44: 120–128. Gracilaria vermiculophylla, originally described from Japan, is reported for the first time from European waters where it appears to be restricted to sheltered, estuarine habitats as loose-lying, entangled mats on mud and fine sand, mostly in the vegetative state. The life history was completed in culture in an isolate from Brittany, France. Growth experiments demonstrated the euryhaline and eyrytherm nature of the alga with good growth at 11°C, 19.5°C and 25°C at salinities of 10, 20 and 30 psu, and best growth at 10 psu and 19.5°C. Specimens were sampled from 13 locations in Brittany. In addition, samples of unidentified Gracilaria sp. growing under similar environments were received from Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain and Portugal. Dried specimens of authentic G. vermiculophylla (G. asiatica) from Japan and Korea were examined using DNA sequence data. Mitochondrial DNA cox 2–3 spacer was sequenced in at least one individual from each locality and plastid DNA Rubisco spacer sequences were obtained from many. The rbcL sequence was obtained in the cultured clone, and was only partially sequenced (c. 50–60%) in a few others. No intraspecific variation was seen in the cox 2–3 and Rubisco spacers, and only one difference was seen in rbcL sequences. Isolates of G. gracilis and Gracilariopsis longissima were used for comparisons. It is concluded that the G. vermiculophylla populations in Europe are probably due to a recent introduction event. Some recent reports suggest that the species may also occur on both Atlantic and Pacific coasts of America.


Objective: To investigate the infection condition of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis(MRSE) infected in patients for adopt effective methods to its prophylaxis.Method: 61 cases MRSE infected patients were analyzed retrospectively.Result: MRSE infection occurred mainly in who were older than 60 years,and had been infected by several diseases.The infected inpatients were mainly in departments of Respiratory,Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery.The lower respiratory tract was the most frequent infection site.Nosocomial infection rate was 49.1%.The sensitivity rate of MRSE to vancomycin and teicoplanin was 100%,to amikacin was 50.8%,to gentamicin was 16.4%,the others were lower than 10%.Conclusion: To understand the MRSE infection distribution feature in hospital in time is helpful for us to take some corresponding prophylaxis and detection measures.


This paper interrogates the impact of innovativeness dimension of entrepreneurial marketing on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. It showed that effective and efficient entrepreneurial marketing especially innovativeness would go a long way to improve on the overall performance of the small and medium scale enterprise. The meaning of this is that any enterprise (be it small or medium) that effectively invest in product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation, value innovation, technological innovation among others would grow its market share, sales, turnover, return on investment and more importantly its profitability. More so, innovativeness which enhances the satisfaction of consumers who are referred to as "sovereign" in a free enterprise economy by making varieties of new products available for them facilitates growth and development of the business. It also gives enterprises competitive advantage in the business environment as it increases the gamut of their operation through diversification and quality service delivery. Recommendations made were that: the managers of SMEs should review their strategy for product innovation in relation to the sales growth, turnover, market shares, profitability and return on investment in order to keep their businesses afloat and competitive; the managers are advised to put more emphasis on process innovation in order to develop a more improved strategy that would improve on their performance in the business environment; it is expedient for managers of SMEs to train all employees on entrepreneurial innovativeness especially on strategies for marketing innovation to boost financial and non-financial performance; value innovation needs to be encouraged as it seeks novel ways to create value for customers and fulfill organizational business goals.


One‐hundred sixty patients (81 cyanidanol, 79 placebo) were included in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of 3 gm (+)‐cyanidanol‐3 per day for 8 weeks on the clinical course of acute viral hepatitis and HBsAg elimination. Quantitative determination of HBsAg was performed at frequent intervals.


For a regime-switching model with a finite number of regimes and double phase-type jumps, Jiang and Pistorius (2008) derived matrix equations with real parameters for the Wiener-Hopf factorization....


The Polish urban system has often been the object of national policies. During the state socialism period policies regarding the urban structure were inconsistent and characterized by wishful thinking as their impact was grossly overestimated. Nowadays, policies seem more realistic as they anticipate a further polarization of the urban system. The latter trend seems unavoidable, as it is consistent with patterns of change observed in other transition countries. Nevertheless, Polish policy-makers seek a more balanced development in the long term.


How to cultivate the sportspersons' good state of mind when participating in a contest and their individuality has been a knotty problem in teaching and training.Nowadays because most matches are under the auspices of various companies,of which most sports stars are representatives.Therefore,some sportspersons' act is against sportsmanship due to the temptation of money and fame.Another reason is the relatively lower quality of the ranks of sportspersons.As we all know that Humane Olympics is one of three concepts upheld by 2008 Olympics.Therefore,in the article,the author is to introduce Lanzi's Thought of Do nothing and everything is done and Zhuangzi's Thought of outwardly attractive but worthless persons into the teaching and training sportspersons for the purpose of: 1.trying to guide the sportspersons' mental state when participating in a contest and the cultivation of their individuality;2.trying to combine PE and traditional Chinese culture,probe into national and cultural potential,push the development and prosperity of socialist culture and carry forward the Olympics Spirit.


On the of the analysis of VFP form controls' functions,this paper discusses in detal the method of the design and realization of VFP Multimedia cover,andlffers some program exemplar


The problem of landscape conservation and its geosites is even more important now than ever due to its rapid destruction and degradation by natural and socia...


The purification of hen egg white lysozyme from a lysozyme/crude extract mixture was carried out by the solvent-freeze-out (SFO) technology on the laboratory scale. Compared to previous works, this investigation focuses on the crystallization of lysozyme from a complicated system. The crystallization conditions were determined by screening tests. Based on these results, the crystallization process was performed in basic buffer solution in which the formation of tetragonal lysozyme crystals is considered to be difficult. The protein composition and purity of the crystals were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzymatic activity was also measured by the use of a spectrophotometer. The results show that lysozyme retained its original enzyme activity.


This article examines the interrelationships among employee trust in the chief executive of the organization, trust in the organization and work satisfaction. These three concepts capture the essential experience of the employee's work life, but their interrelationships have been more often a subject for speculation than for research. Employees in one government organization and one manufacturing firm offered their visions of critical features in managerial trust and organizational trust. With respect to defining chief executive trust, employees emphasized the manager's employee orientation, honesty, ability, fairness and forthrightness. Critical features that employees used to define organizational trust included the social significance of organizational mission, quality of output, and the organization's persistence beyond the human lifespan. Trust in the chief executive and organizational trust were found to be uncorrelated with one another, as expected from the conceptual review. Instead, these variables were conceptually linked through their individual relationships with employee work satisfaction.


Tips to Assemble the Berkeley Lab Cosmic Ray Detector Colleen Twitty, Fred Bieser and Howard Matis Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory LBNL-46911— August 2002 (Version 1.02) Introduction The Berkeley Comic ray consists of several items. Cosmic rays strike two scintillator paddles and produce a few photons of lights. These photons are detected by a phototube. A phototube is glued to each of the scintillator paddles. A PC board provides power for the phototube, processes the signals, and displays the number of cosmic rays. A CBL interface can be used to digitize the data. A wooden box provides mechanical support and protection for the detector. Appendix I lists an abbreviated list of the components needed to build the detector. The following information is a guide to assembling the detector. For more information on this project, please contact: Howard Matis MS 70-319 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 Alternatively, you can send e-mail to email@example.com . Simple cosmic ray detectors previously have been made at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC. More details of the SLAC detector can be found in SLAC publication 1 SLAC-TN-95-1. A student at Berkeley Lab, Henry Cheng, prepared an earlier version of this report. There is an excellent description of machining the scintillator and gluing it to a phototube. This can be found on the Web at: http://csee.lbl.gov/cup/Su98/HCheng/homepage.htm Eric Harpell, Willy Langeveld, Don McShurley, Steve Shapiro, John Venuti, The CCRT: an inexpensive comic ray muon detector. Willy Langeveld is the main contact.


This article compares the textual stage and the literal stage in autobiographical texts written by former French principal dancers Agnès Letestu (Danseuse étoile, 2016) and Marie-Claude Piétragalla (La femme qui danse, 2008) to explore how the space in which the self is presented influences the image that an individual can give of themselves. Drawing mainly on the definition of the mise en scène in Patrice Pavis' Dictionnaire du théâtre (1996) and Dominique Maingueneau's concepts of authority and enunciative vocation in discourse analysis, this article first identifies elements of interpretation belonging to the textual and the literal stages, as well as how they arrange and organize each space. We then show how the textual and literal mise en scène, that is, the arrangement and organization of elements of interpretation, prescribes a discourse that is unique to each space, thereby constraining the dancer to present themselves within specific identity parameters. Ultimately, this article argues that the dancer who presents herself both on the literal and textual stages cannot but present two different images of herself because she must use the distinct discursive and interpretive tools that are made available to her in each space.


A model is proposed which explains the large solvent effects on the shielding of carbon atoms bearing polar bonds (ΔCα) with an increased charge separation in solvents of a higher dielectric constant. Using cis-1-iodo-1-methyl-4-t-butylcyclohexane and t-butyl chloride as conformationally homogeneous solutes, one obtains for a series of solvents a linear correlation (r > 0.95) for ΔCα in the expected range of 415 p.p.m./electron charge unit and 320 p.p.m./e, respectively. In a second set of experiments, the sensitivity of ΔCα against solvent changes for differing Cα–X bonds is obtained, again yielding a linear correlation (r > 0.99) with 380 p.p.m./e. In addition, a ΔCα enhancement with increasing carbon substitution at Cα is found for several alkyl iodides and rationalized in terms of an increasing contribution of the charged form to the resonance hydride.


A novel iterative harmonics analysis(IHA) approach for AC-DC-AC PWM converters is presented.Vectors are used to express the harmonic components of voltages, currents and switching functions.Harmonic models for AC-DC-AC PWM converters are proposed based on the account of vectors and their sequence characteristic. Utilizing the decoupling of the main harmonic impedances for PWM converters,the harmonic and interharmonic are calculated separately.The harmonic currents aroused by each voltage components can be calculated directly by the harmonic models.Then,the harmonic models are applied in IHA approach,which can simplify the method largely.Finally,the contrast between simulation and calculation results validates the feasibility of this method.


A key factor in robotic-based physical rehabilitation is providing robotic assistance only when the subjects exert muscular effort and that movement intention does not translate into an actual physical movement. Thus, an accurate motion intention detection system plays an important role. This study focuses on the use of Electromyography signals (EMG) in detecting motion intention. Since this type of signals can be affected by factors including movement velocity and movement acceleration, it is therefore the objective of this research to determine how various levels of movement velocities, and acceleration would affect EMG signal amplitudes. Eight healthy subjects performed bicep curl movements at three different velocities with at least thirty movement repetitions each. The results were summarized, processed, and statistically analysed in order to show the relationship between the above stated factors and the dependent variable EMG.


Objective To observe the effect(regression of lymph nodes,local recurrence situation,adverse reactions and prognosis) of dose of 60 Gy for radiotherapy in the treatment of suspected positive cervical lymph nodes(maximum cross-sectional short diameter≥0.5 cm but1 cm,encapsulated,no central necrosis) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods 46 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with suspected positive cervical lymph nodes in our hospital from January 2006 to December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.All patients received the radiotherapy with dose of 60 Gy,and the curative effect was evaluated by MRI examination.Results With the dose of 60 Gy for radiotherapy,42 cases were complete remission(CR),and the effective rate was 91.3%.There were significant differences in the lymph nodes subsiding before and after radiotherapy(P 0.05).Level I radioactive dermatitis occurred in irradiation area at the end of treatment.The 5-year overall survival rate was 80.4%(37/46),the 5-year tumor-free survival rate was 76.1%(35/46),the 5-year cervical lymph node metastasis control rate was 95.7%(44/46),and the 5-year distant metastasis rate was 13.0%(6/46);There was no neck fibrosis in patients with cervical lymph node metastases in 5-year follow-up.Conclusions The dose of 60 Gy for radiotherapy is suitable for suspected positive cervical lymph nodes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.It has less adverse reactions,and is tolerable for patients.


With increasing numbers of special travelers, the hospitality industry needs to examine the adequacy of safety and emergency procedures for these individuals. The present study reports a preliminary investigation which examined safety and the disabled traveler in 176 hotels/motels nationwide. The purposes of the investigation were to identify current emergency and safety practices, to determine the extent to which procedures exist for special guests and to identify current and needed staff training in working with disabled guests.


Abstract Four complexes based on N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethylene)-1,3-propanediamine (L) and different Cd(II) salts have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The complexes are [Cd2(L)2(μ-Cl)2](ClO4)2 (1), [Cd2(L)2(μ-Br)2](ClO4)2 (2), [Cd(L)I](ClO4) (3), and [Cd(L)(NCS)2] (4). L exhibits the same coordination mode in 1–4. The radius of each anion plays a role in affecting the structures and luminescent intensities of the final products. CdCl2, CdBr2, and CdI2 react with L to produce chloride or bromido-bridged binuclear complexes and mononuclear iodido complex, respectively, whereas an unusual mononuclear trigonal prismatic (TP) 4 is obtained when thiocyanate was used as a coligand. Photoluminescence properties of all the complexes show that the trend of fluorescence intensity is 1 > 4 > 2 > 3. All four complexes exhibit different supramolecular interactions such as C–H/σ, π–π, and C–H/π and hydrogen bonding interactions. The experimental findings are complemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.


The violent uprising on the Witwatersrand in March 1922 has often been seen by historians as a test case for the Marxist interpretation of race and class in South Africa, led by authors including Frederick Johnstone. This article argues how white workers acted in order to maintain the 'job colour bar', which restricted black advancement in the employment hierarchy. Rather than a purely racist issue, the fact that blacks represented the majority of the population in South Africa at this time meant that they offered a convenient target for whites to exploit for their own economic benefit. The conflicts between race and class, culminating in the establishment of the apartheid regime in 1948, have been of great significance in South Africa throughout the twentieth century. Though whites represented the minority of the population, they maintained political control for almost fifty years through racial segregation. The Rand Rebellion of 1922, beginning as a strike but soon becoming a violent revolt, demonstrated the opposition of white workers to capitalism, and to the dissolving of the 'colour bar', which prevented black workers from gaining employment in areas of skilled labour and authority; jobs with higher wages, which were preferred by whites. Capitalism forms a key part of the debate surrounding this subject, as historians argue whether the apartheid was brought about by capitalists for their own economic benefit, or as a result of the racist sentiments of Afrikaners and other social groups in South Africa. Merle Lipton is a key author in the debate surrounding this subject. Describing herself as a liberalist historian, she discusses the relationship between capitalists and apartheid, concluding that South African capitalists were relatively liberal in their views and their personal economic and class interests were more important than the apartheid policies. My examination of the Rand Rebellion will also explore the event in the context of the long term causes of apartheid, as in order to fully understand the issues of race and class in this period we must look further than just the months and years around the Rebellion; the origins of apartheid being closely related to those of the Rebellion. In analysing the origins of 1922, this essay will argue that class was more significant than race in South Africa at this time. Though racial issues certainly were important, the white mineworkers fought for the continuation of the colour bar in protection of their economic and hence class status, rather than against a fear of the elevation above them of those with a different colour skin.


pursuit or speculative knowlcd~e. it calls for insulaling the universily fn•m the wider society. learning fur learning's own sake: not for career, not for life, not for democracy, not for money; ror neither power nor happiness, neither career nor quality of life, but for its own pure sake alone. To the purist, knowledge is radi· cally divorced from time and culture, from power and interest; above all it eschews utility. Ia aspires to reconstruct Aristotle's Lyceum in downtown Newark -catering, however, to the residents of New Athens rather than of New ltaven or Newark. In the Lyceum, knowledge is mined hom the great intellectual veins running 1hmugh the ran yon oft he canon. What the -·~···· .......... , .. ,,.,,. .. ,,' .... . h4 canon leaciJCs is that there is a knowktl~e lh<ll is nul coudiaiuncd by culture and inlercsl. that is not some other century's fashion or some other culture's dominant paradigm. hut which -transcending time and space has camcd lhe stalus of, if nol univcrsallrulh, al leasl universal wisdom. 1bis claim to univcrsalily uprool~ lhe canon from lhc contellls that might once have created it. (1bat Eton in the Qinetccnth century had one science master, one math master, one modem languages ma.~ter, and twenty-seven classics ma.~ters teaching l.atin and Greek and the cultures I hey me dialed is seen as a product of the canon, ralher than a force conditioning its modem incarnation.) On the other hand, belief in the independent and objeclive veracil y of the canon docs nol preve111 purisl~ from seeing all oahcr knowledge, all deviations hum lhc canon (such as fcminisl sludies or comparative religion), as lhe suhjl'clive dlects of contemporary cultural cnnteJtls thai arc lransicnt, conIt' l1~r~ 11m·e 111~ sl11denl was laugl•ttl•atth~ 11n~xamined life was not wt~rtla living, he is now taughttl1at ''"profitably lia·~d life is not worth examining. tingent, and subjective; that is to say, the pmducl of liberal pedagogical conspiracies and political interest. 1bc vocational model ahjures tradition no less decisively than the purist model. abjures relevance. Indeed, it is wildly alive to the demands or the larger society it believes education must serve. Where the purist reject~ even the victories ol nuKicr· nily (etJuality. sndal justice, universal cducalion) as so many discascs,lhc advocate of cducalion as vocational training accepts even the ravages of modemily a.~ so many virtues or at lca~t as the necessary price of progress. 1be vocalionalisl wishes lo sec lhe university go prone hcforc modernily's new gods. Service 10 the market, training for its professions, research in the name or its product~ arc lhe hallmarks of the new full-service universily, which want-; nothing so much as 10 be counted as a peer among the nation's great corporations thai serve prosperity and material happiness. t=orging dubious alliances with research companics, All-American lJ. plies corporah~ lions for program funding and slalks the puhlic sector in search of puhlic "needs "n can profitably satisfy. In each of these cases, it a.~ks society lo show I he way, and il compliantly follows. II this requires that leaching be subsumed to research and research itself reduced lo product-oriented engineering. so he il. II il means laking bribes, such as advertising, that privalitc and commcrcialilc education in ways wholly incoosislenl with learning, thai is the price of survival. If il requires thai education take on the aspect of vocational training, and that the university hccomes a kindergar · len for lhe corporate society where lhe young arc socialilcd, hullied, and olher wise hlackmailcd into usefulness, then the curriculum must be recast in the I an· guage of opportunism, careerism. prnressionalism. and, in a wonJ, commerce. Where the philosopher once said all ollife is a pn·paraticKI for dealh, the educational ran.·cn<;t nnw thinks all of life is a prepa ralicm lor husmess or 1x:rhaps. mure bluntly, that hie is husincss. A Dialectic of l..ife and Mind TIIC firsl of our two models is arislo· cratic, humanistic, and poignantly noslal· gicnot merely Luddite in C. P. Snow's sense, but profoundly anaimodem: il wishes to educale the few well and perceives in the democratic ideal an insuper able obstacle 10 CJtcellcnce. 1be vocationalisl knows these prcdi · lcclions for sequestration to be dangerous and probably impossible. For him, educa, &ion and ils inslitutionaltools are for beurr or worse embedded in the real world I hs pcdagogit.:al tasks are socialitalion no• KtTft~RINc; Rt:VIt:W/1-.,\1 I. 191" insulation, integration nut isolation. Education must follow where sudety leads: support it, ape it. rcinhm:c it, chase il, undergird il, artinn ia. preserve il. Whatever society wants and needs, the university aries 10 supply. Indeed. society detines the univcrsil y rather than the other way round. Society says what,lhe sciKllar as researcher siKlWS IKlw; sndcly says Yes or No, the teacher hdps the pupel pmnounce the words; society says I need doctors. I well pay lawyers, stuclcnls nurture medical skills and an1uirc legal credentials. Educaainn as vocaunnalism in service to society hccomt•s a maller ol sucialiJ.alion rather ah;uJ scrutiny. of spdlmg out cnnset1uences rather than prnlnng premises. ol answenng society's questions rather than tlueslinning sndcly's answers. Where once the stmlcnl was taught thai the utlCKammed lik was nnl worth living. he is now taught ahal the profitably lived life is not worth eununing. Neither purist rKlr vocationalisl rccogniles &hal education is a dialct:lic or lilc


A hybrid particle–continuum method is used to study the shear flow confined between two opposing walls, one of which is coated with polymer chains. Molecular dynamics (MD) is used in the particle region near the brush and Navier–Stokes (NS) equations are applied in the remaining region where the continuum assumption holds. The information exchange from the continuum region to the particle region is implemented using the constrained particle dynamics. Both Couette shear flow and oscillatory flow are considered in the present work. The effect of the shear flow on the conformational characteristics of polymer brushes is analyzed. In the overlap region, the velocities obtained from MD simulations are smoothly connected with those from NS equations. Our investigations demonstrate that the hybrid particle–continuum model is valid in exploring the shear behavior of polymer brushes.


The solubility of Agcr has been measured in a 0.1m (mol·(kg H2O)−1) solution of HCl at a fixed hydrogen content (∼0.5m) as a function of NaCl concentration from 0.1 to 18m at temperatures ranging f...


PT Generasi Prima Solusi is a company engaged in services and services that has collaborated with several construction company partners and BUMN in terms of services to meet the needs of marketing services and business consulting. The process of information and submission of cooperation from PT Generasi Prima Solusi is still very manual by coming directly to companies or contacting companies to offer services so that they are not right on target. Therefore, PT Generasi Prima Solusi urgently needs a web-based computerized system to provide convenience in accessing data easily, safely, and accurately so that it can overcome all difficulties and errors that occur. By using the SWOT analysis method, it is possible to identify weaknesses in the system that is made so that the system can function properly. With this system, it is hoped that it can help and facilitate companies in submitting cooperation.


Over the past decades, dairy cattle reproduction has presented to farmers with several challenges as a consequence of genetic selection for improved milk production traits. These challenges include suboptimal postovulatory responses for timed artificial insemination synchronization protocols. Another example is the metabolic adjustments the preimplantation embryo may undergo in a high producing cow resulting in a high likelihood of early embryo loss. Nevertheless, this is an opportunity to study alternative options to improve pregnancy rates. Assisted Reproduction Technologies (ART) have the potential to solve several issues the modern dairy cow is facing. The progress in the practice of ART has been satisfactory over the last two decades and our understanding about gametes and embryo biology has substantially improved. Embryo transfers using in vitro produced embryos (IVP) might certainly have an advantage over conventional breeding methods since ovulation, fertilization and early embryonic stages would be bypassed thereby enhancing the likelihood of embryo implantation and hence improved conception rates. However, there are several challenges to producing good quality embryos in vitro due to difficulties in emulating the natural oviduct microenvironments that the preimplantation embryo is experiencing several physiological changes en route to the uterus. The objectives of this work were to review current literature in regard to mammalian preimplantation embryo production in vitro with emphasis in bovine species and to study the effect of metabolic regulators (MR) on embryo development as well as using new methods to recover better quality sperm especially when using sex-sorted semen. Chapter Two is an extensive review of the IVP process in mammalian species with emphasis on the bovine embryo. Metabolic processes during oocyte in vitro maturation, sperm interactions during fertilization and in vitro cultures of different preimplantation embryo stages are reviewed. Special attention was devoted to the metabolic switch from low to high glucose uptake and metabolism occurring at the morula stage. Chapter Three is a systematic study of the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on embryos produced in vitro. Inclusion of 100 [mu]M CLA- cis 9, trans 11 during embryo culture 36 hrs before cryopreservation resulted in embryos with higher survival and better developmental rates post-thaw when compared to other groups. Chapter Four presents a study about the effect of phenazine ethosulfate (PES) and 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) on embryo development at the morula stage to enhance glucose uptake and metabolism to improve embryo developmental rates. Combination of 0.3 [mu]M PES and 10 [mu]M DNP resulted not only in higher embryo development and better quality but also embryos more resistant to cryopreservation procedures. Chapter Five describes a study of the effect of four colloidal-based sperm washes (Percoll, Old Bovipure, New Bovipure and Androcoll-B) on embryo development and quality. The International Embryo…


This paper describes the qualification of sensors envisioned for Cigeo, the planned deep disposal center for French radioactive waste. More precisely, it describes an in situ demonstrator, similar with the system planned to monitor intermediate level long lived radioactive wastes cells. These cells would be a tunnel, located 490 m deep, with 9 m in diameter, with concrete liners realized in three steps. The demonstrator was instrumented in 2011 in the Andra's Underground Research Laboratory. The instruments provide useful information on sensors' adaptability to the environment; robustness and technology comparisons (accordance and discrepancies). As an example, accordance between localized sensors and distributed measurements for strains, by optical fiber sensors and vibrating wire extensometers and temperatures, by optical fiber sensors and platinum probe, was verified. After 3 years more than 95% of sensors still provide measurements and show no drift over time.


This paper presents the development process of the exponential smoothing (ES) model, starts with the traditional ES model and then focuses to the multiple seasonal ES model. This paper describes an...


Background End-stage renal disease is the irreversible final stage of chronic kidney disease and is fatal when not managed by either transplantation or dialysis. Transplantation is generally preferred over dialysis. However, to prevent graft rejection or loss, lifelong immunosuppression is required. Tacrolimus is currently the cornerstone of post-transplantation immunosuppression. The study aim was to carry out an economic evaluation of immunosuppression, including more recent agents such as a once-daily prolonged-release formulation of tacrolimus (Advagraf™) and belatacept, relative to a twice-daily immediate-release formulation of tacrolimus (Prograf™). Methods A model was constructed comprising six states: onset of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection, functioning graft with or without a biopsy-confirmed acute rejection, non-functioning graft (dialysis), re-transplantation, and death. Data on clinical effectiveness were derived from a systematic literature review and the model captured the effects of patient adherence to immunosuppressant therapy on graft survival using relative risk of graft survival and published data on adherence in patients using Advagraf and Prograf. In the base case, the time horizon was 25 years and one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results The analysis demonstrated that Prograf was cost-effective when compared with cyclosporin and belatacept and was more effective than sirolimus, but would not be considered cost-effective against sirolimus. The modeled improvement in the adherence profile of patients using Advagraf relative to Prograf resulted in both improved clinical outcomes and reduced costs. Conclusion Prograf was more clinically effective than cyclosporin, belatacept, and sirolimus, supporting its current positioning as the mainstay of immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant recipients. Based on improved patient adherence with Advagraf, the model projected that Advagraf would be both more effective and less costly than Prograf. Replacing Prograf with Advagraf as the standard of care for post-transplant immunosuppression could likely result in both cost savings and improved clinical outcomes.


PARTICIPATION OF NATIONAL PARLIAMENTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF JUDGMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGAL REGULATIONS AND POLITICAL PRACTICE IN POLAND, GERMANY AND THE UNITED KINGDOM For several years, the bodies of the Council of Europe have been pointing out the need for greater involvement of national parliaments in the implementation of ECtHR judgments and the application of Convention standards, raising this issue in their resolutions and recommendations. According to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, there is a risk that the Convention system of human rights protection will be endangered if the involvement of the parliament in this area is not increased. The application of the mentioned recommendations could contribute to reducing the number of cases pending at the ECtHR and the number of unexecuted ECtHR judgments. For many years the potential of national parliaments in the implementation of ECtHR judgments was unduly underestimated. Not all member states of the Council of Europe have created appropriate organizational structures in their parliaments enabling them to systematically monitor the compliance of draft laws with ECtHR judgments. Meanwhile, national parliaments should play a key role in the effective implementation of international human rights protection standards at national level. Therefore, the objective of the research summarized in this paper is to determine how national parliaments can contribute to the implementation of the standards of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights.


The goal of the present paper was to find effective biochemical markers of chronic narcotization. Materials and methods. The results of biochemical research of biological liquids in human organism and chromatographic methods of drug substances identification in cadaveric urine were analyzed. Research of 197 samples of different biologic liquids of 10 persons was carried out. Control was fulfilled on the basis of 135 samples of biological liquids took of 12 persons. Methods of identification of drug substances are presented, chromatographic and spectral characteristics of drug substances are described. Interrelations of biochemical indices at positive study of drug substances identification were conducted. The increased urea metabolic concentration in cadaveric blood of drug addicts was revealed in comparison with control specimens. Results. (Numeral results are given in Table 3). Correct correlation of biochemical markers was not established. Conclusion. The present results suppose continued study of informative reliable biochemical markers of chronic drug intoxication


Ventriculoperitoneal shunt-associated ventriculitis is a serious though under-reported nosocomial complication of neurocritical settings. The treatment of CNS Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections is usually successful with vancomycin or linezolid. Here, we report a case of ventriculitis due to MRSA following a shunt infection, which did not show clinical response to linezolid therapy. With the increasing use of invasive procedures, nosocomial infections have increased exponentially. Exercising extreme care in such CNS procedures becomes very important.


Recent work on fractional-slot pitch, concentrated winding (FSCW) surface PM machines has shown that these machines can achieve a wide constant-power speed range. This paper shows that defining the allowable machine design parameter plane using the characteristic current and the peak back-emf provides useful insights into how application requirements restrict the machine parameters. The parameter plane also shows the influence of changing the parameters on the machine's current rating and magnet losses. As an example of a practical application, the parameter plane is used to study the FreedomCAR traction motor drive requirements and the characteristics of five FSCW surface PM machine designs.


The paper analyzes the characteristics of fishery resources and fishery production in Liaoning as well as the recent year's changing trend and the main problems facing Liaoning fishery.The paper,therefore,raises the suggestions of promoting the sustainable development of fishery in Liaoning: enhancing the sense of crisis and responsibility,reforming the administrative institution and strengthening the legal system,adjusting the inner structure of traditional fishery and promoting the development of sea-food production and leisure fishery,as well as facilitating technological innovation and the modernization of fishery.


It was originally presented in Yogyakarta as a community magazine for The Alumni with the contents about the details of Yogyakarta. The formulation of the research is how brand equity improves the brand image of KABARE Magazine. The type of the research is qualitative with KABARE Magazine as the object of the research, located in Jl. Pacar 67A, Baciro, Yogyakarta. Primary data source are obtained from the Executive Director of PT. KABARE JogjaMedia Pariwara, while secondary data are gathered through mass media, internet, and so on. In order to conduct validity test, the researcher uses source triangulation and data analysis technique of combination analysis model. The result of this research is about image which is the evaluation from consumers regarding a product. Creating an image requires high persistence and patience. Image is resulted from a score of result obtained by a company for its product, either positive or negative. The image of KABARE Magazine as a dynamic magazine by levering culture, the social life dynamics in Yogyakarta has clung to the heart of its consumers. Brand equity produced by KABARE essentially is a magazine for upper middle class segmentation and is still bound to their community. KABARE Magazine creates image as an exclusive lifestyle magazine, highly cultural and has distinctive local content. The brand of KABARE already has a spot in the hearts of its customers. The strong bonding established by KABARE with its customers has built "a real belonging" to the brand of this magazine. Removing the word Jogja to the logo of KABARE has prevented public opinion concerning an excessive cultural cult of a region. Key words: image, brand equity.


The article explores the peculiarities of the Ferghana Valley food market in a systematic manner. The objective features are analyzed. The potential of agricultural land and transport systems is revealed. Estimated the value of the nutritional value of the population. The analysis of cluster formation and investment attraction to ensure efficient functioning of the food market is analyzed.


Abstract By means of personal air samplers the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of four coke employees working at different locations was measured during 4 running days. Simultaneously the 24 hrs urines were collected. A simple, well reproducible method for the determination of 9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene, 1-; 2-; 3-; 4- and 9-hydroxyphenanthrenes, 1,2-; 3,4-; and 9,10-dihydroxydihydrophenanthrenes as well as 1-hydroxypyrene and 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydropyrene was used. As expected, workers on the battery topside are most exposed and, accordingly, excrete by far the highest amount of PAH metabolites. A good correlation between the PAH inhaled during 8 hrs and the metabolites excreted in the 24 hrs urine is observed. 20% to 30% of the inhaled phenanthrene is excreted as dihydrodiols, but only 0.5% of the inhaled benzo[a]pyrene forms 9,10-dihydrodiol in the urine. The individual invariance of the metabolite profile of the isomeric phenols and dihydrodiols indicates a genetica...


Considerable interest has been generated recently in the application of Porous Silicon to the production of light emitting devices, and a number of demonstration structures have been produced. However, the poor stability of the material pose limitations on its usefulness. We report studies of the luminescence properties of a related, but stable material: silicon-rich silica. This material consists of silicon clusters embedded in a host matrix of silica, and as such is considerably more robust than porous silicon. We have produced a number of samples of silicon-rich silica thin films by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition on to doped silicon substrates. We report photoluminescence studies that investigate the nature of the radiative process, and show evidence of two separate luminescence mechanisms: defect luminescence and exciton confinement in nanoscale silicon clusters. Preliminary electroluminescence from silicon-rich silica fabricated by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition will also be presented.


To control strong deformation of surrounding rock around soft rock roadway with high stress,improving stability of support structure is important besides increasing support strength. The cause of U-steel support instability and support bearing characteristics during working are analyzed by theoretical analysis and laboratory experiment and field test. The technique of steadying support resistance,the principle of support structure compensation and its technique are proposed. The results show that the main reasons of support structure instability are low intensity connector,irrationality structure connector,poor interaction relation between surrounding rock and support,unstable support structure,etc. The corresponding technique,such as connector with high strength and rational structure,is adopted according to the main reasons of the support structure instability. The support bearing capability is unstable after support slipping,and in order to keep a high support resistance during support bearing,the support connector should be re-tightened after support slipping. Though the working resistance can be improved greatly by U-steel backfilling or U-steel back grouting,because of the instability of support structure,the support can still lose its stability. The device of steadying structure is rationally laid out to structural compensate for U-steel support according to the deformation characteristics of surrounding rock and the structural instable type of U-steel support,and it greatly improves the bearing capacity of the whole support and its structural stability.


This study aims to determine the implementation of the principles of good corporate governance implemented by Bank Syariah Mandiri Sidoarjo branch. This research uses a qualitative approach. The subjects of this research are the leadership (Branch Head), Operational Management and employees of Bank Syariah Mandiri Sidoarjo branch and Lecturers of Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo.. Sources of data obtained from interviews with informants or research subjects. Data were collected by means of interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis using qualitative methods. The results of the study found that Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) Sidoarjo Branch had implemented Good Corporate Governance (GCG) through the implementation of the principles of openness, accountability, responsibility, independence and fairness. The implementation of GCG at Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) Sidoarjo Branch has provided benefits in 1) Improved efficient, effective performance and continuity of an organization that contributes to the realization of the welfare of shareholders, employees and other stakeholders and is a good way out in overcoming organizational challenges in the future; 2) Increasing the legitimacy of organizations whose management is transparent, fair and accountable; 3) Recognition and protection of the rights and obligations of stakeholders; 4) An integrated approach in accordance with democratic principles, management and legal participation of the organization; 5) Control of conflicts of interest that arise between the owners of capital and management; 6) Reducing the cost of capital through positive signs or signals to investors.


This study was made as a prelude to launching a full-scale survey of the mental health of the Serer of Senegal. The rural region ofNiakhar, with a 35,000 population, 95 percent Serer, was chosen as a site for the study. The report deals mainly with the methodology of gathering adequate data for an epidemiological survey and of achieving reliable ratings of this information. An attempt was made to develop a native lexicon of disease terms


The article in the section describes the advantages and problems of non-traditional lessons in language lessons for primary school, the use of modern teaching techniques in educational systems, the definition of methods of teaching students who provide multimedia services.


We prepared aligned poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanofibers for the application of organic field-effect transistor (OFET) by two-fluid coaxial electrospinning (ES) technique using P3HT as core and PMMA as shell, followed by extraction of PMMA. Effects of shell flow rate and thermal annealing temperature on the morphology and optoelectronic properties were explored. The experimental results showed that the prepared P3HT nanofibers were highly aligned and their diameters were smaller in the case of low shell flow rate. The OFET carrier mobility of aligned P3HT ES nanofibers using the low shell flow rate could be dramatically improved up to 3 orders of magnitude (1.92 × 10−1 cm2/V·s with the on/off ratio of 4.45 × 104) in comparison with those from the high shell flow rate. The results of wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and photophysical properties (optical absorption and polarized photoluminescence) suggested the enhancement of π−π stacking and crystallinity of P3HT in the nanofibers at a lower shell fl...


In this laboratory exercise, students synthesize two series of cobalt(III) complexes prepared from the tetradentate ligands triethylenetetramine and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine. Although these two ligands have the same chemical formula, the former is linear and the latter is branched, giving rise to complexes with different symmetries. Whereas triethylenetetramine coordinates to form a complex that has a C2 symmetry axis, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine forms a complex that has a mirror plane. The symmetries of the corresponding complexes are examined through the use of 13C NMR spectroscopy.


Abstract—This paper studies the problem of loading torque control for passive electro-hydraulic servo loading system with the external disturbance and parameter uncertainties. The state space model is established based on the nonlinear mathematical model of the system. Based on backstepping technique, an adaptive sliding mode backstepping control method is proposed for the system. By defining the sliding manifold and selecting a proper Lyapunov function, the final design of adaptive backstepping sliding mode controller is conducted and the stability of the controller is testified by the Lyapunov stability theory. The function of the controller was analyzed by comparative simulation study, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


Three strains of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria were cultured in artificial seawater medium under trace metal clean conditions to investigate their physiological response to changes in copper concentration. Decreasing the copper concentration in cultures of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Paracoccus denitrificans resulted in accumulation of nitrous oxide (N2O) gas compared to copper‐replete cultures and cessation of growth before complete denitrification to dinitrogen. Correspondingly, the activity of the copper enzyme nitrous oxide reductase, measured for P. denitrificans cultures, was high in copper‐replete cultures and was below detection in copper‐deficient cultures. Addition of copper to copper‐deficient cultures following the accumulation of N2O resulted in resumption of growth and complete consumption of N2O in solution. Growth of the third strain, WLB20, in copper‐deficient medium caused a marked accumulation of nitrite, suggesting that WLB20 has the copper form of nitrite reductase. These observations suggest a role for trace metals in regulating redox cycling of nitrogen and trace gas production in the ocean.


DEVS formalism is a widely utilized representation for a discrete event model, and this formalism is frequently adapted to specify the structure and the behavior of simulation models. One advantage of DEVS is its hierarchy structure of flexible composition of models, but this hierarchy often becomes a double-edge sword that might hinder a faster simulation because the simulation engine should navigate the hierarchy. Hence, in practice, simulations are performed by a flattened model instead of a hierarchical model. This article introduces a new matrix-based algorithm to create the flattened model rapidly to shorten the flattening time. This algorithm exploits properties of coupling structure to limit the matrix element changes to accelerate the process. This paper shows the competitiveness of this algorithm by comparing to the tree based flattening. We expect that this algorithm is particularly useful when a model dynamically changes its structure and the flattening should be redone repeatedly.


The traditional understanding of the criminal law's concept of dolus is grounded on its definition as the conjunction of a volitional and a cognitive attitude towards the satisfaction of the abstract description that specifies the corresponding offense. Although so-called "cognitivist" conceptions persuasively argue for the redundancy of the purported volitional component, the theoretical adequacy of the recourse to the concept of knowledge is very rarely called into question. The display of a teleological-analytical model for clarifying the general structure of a criminal offense can show that, according to its distinctively ascriptive function, the concept of dolus ought to be taken as requiring a predictive belief referred to an (unjustified) instance of the relevant actus reus, whereas such a predictive belief need not satisfy the semantic and epistemic conditions for an attribution of knowledge.


The Enlightenment and the origins of European Australia. By John Gascoigne. Cambridge, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. 2002. 233 pp. £45.00 cloth. ISBN 0 521 80343 8. Paper nation: the story of the picturesque atlas of Australasia 1886–88. By Tony Hughesd'Aeth. Carlton South, Vic: Melbourne University Press. 2001. 262 pp. £59.95 cloth. ISBN 0 522 84949 0. The cultivation of whiteness: science, health and racial destiny in Australia. By Warwick Anderson. New York: Basic Books. 2003. 390 pp. £33.99 cloth. ISBN 0 465 00305 2.


During the early Devensian, ice formed only in Cumbria. By 22,000 BP the northwest of England was covered by ice emanating from Scotland and the Lake District. The ice sheet was warmbased, with subglacial water movement within tunnel valleys. As the climate warmed the ice receded northwards, leaving moraines and stagnant ice features. During the later stages of recession, subglacial water began to move through the thick till bed, and deformation of this sediment into drumlins occurred. This process was aided by the marine inundation of the Irish Sea basin, forming a tidewater glacier margin, and causing rapid drawdown and calving of icebergs. After the main ice sheet had disintegrated, a cold snap led to the reformation of ice in the Pennines and Lake District.


Quantitation of in vivo 1 H short echo-time Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) signals and High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HRMAS) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) ex vivo signals is challenging. Signals are often contaminated by a background signal originating mainly from macromolecules and lipids. In this paper, emphasis is on the semi-parametric quantitation algorithm QUEST invoking a measured/simulated metabolite basis-set and handling/estimating the background signal. Several applications of QUEST to 1 H in vivo short echo-time, 1 H ex vivo HRMAS-NMR data, as well as 1 H spectroscopic imaging data of human brain at 1.5 Tesla are demonstrated.


e22051 Background: Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous group of tumors and usually follows an aggressive biological and clinical behavior. Difficult challenges in oncology which the identification of the primary tumor and a complete disease staging could offer a more rational and efficient treatment in order to improve the survival time. Our aim was to evaluate the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT scan with two aspects: detection of the primary site, and estimation of tumor biological behavior which essential for the development of new, individual and targeted effective therapies.

METHODS
One hundred and seventeen patients presenting with histologically confirmed metastatic carcinoma (76 lymph nodes, 41 visceral biopsy proven) of unknown primary site were included in this retrospective study. The evaluations as follows had not revealed a primary site: detailed medical history, full physical and laboratory examinations, and diagnostic imaging methods. All patients underwent PET/CT.

RESULTS
In 42 (35.90%) patients, a primary tumor site which was confirmed by follow-up or surgery was showed by PET/CT. In 15 (12.82%) patients, the primary tumor site was suggested by PET/CT but not confirmed. In 60 (51.28%) patients, the primary tumor site was not localized modifying the stage of disease. In the other 17 (14.53%) patients, PET/CT scan identified further unexpected metastases. Overall, the following oncological treatment was influenced by the PET/CT scan, in a total of 38 (32.47%) patients. Between the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma groups, no significant difference in SUVmax was found ( t=1.191, p = 0.244). A significantly higher SUVmax was found among patients with poorly or undifferentiated carcinoma compared with patients with well to moderately ( t=4.013, p<0.01) differentiation; In 42 patients with a confirmed primary tumor site, the SUVmax of Metastatic tumours have a closely relationship correlate with those of primary tumours, ( r=0.738, p<0.01). Furthermore, a significantly higher SUVmax was found among metastases compared with primary tumors ( t=3.470, p<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Our data strongly support 18F-FDG PET/ CT imagings not only provide new insights in the diagnosis and staging of patients with CUP, but also evaluate biologic characters of tissue. 1 No significant financial relationships to disclose.