Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) complexes consist of neurotoxin and neurotoxin-associated proteins. The Clostridia releases these as protein aggregate, termed as the progenitor toxins. Heamagglutin – 33 (HA-33) plays an essential role in the agglutination activity of the botulinum progenitor toxin; it assists in binding and translocating the progenitor toxins through the alimentary epithelial barriers. A three-dimensional homology model of HA-33 is demonstrated in this paper based upon the crystal structure of HA1 subcomponent of botulinum type C progenitor toxin complexed with galactose. The three dimensional model was designed using MODELLER (9v11) a comparative modelling tool that built a model based on an alignment of a sequence of HA-33 based on the known structure of botulinum type C progenitor toxin complexed with N-acetylgalactosamine. The modelled structure was then evaluated using SAVES. The structural dynamics of the modelled protein was performed by elNemo and based on the scores obtained, it was found to be a reliable and accurate three dimensional structure of the Hemeagglutin component. It gives an idea about the three dimensional structure of a protein which will would serve as a guide to a detailed understanding of its participation in the process of agglutination. This could also aid in molecular drug designing against botulism.


The loss of volatile flavours from food liquids during evaporative drying and freeze-drying is independent of the relative volatility of the flavours and fully controlled by the rate at which the flavours can migrate to the evaporating surface. This rate of transfer is in solids and liquids without internal circulation directly proportional to the molecular diffusion coefficient of the flavour component. The diffusion coefficients of the flavour components are strongly dependent on water concentration and decrease much more steeply with decrease in water concentration than the diffusion coefficient of water. Below a critical water concentration the system becomes selectively permeable to water and completely impermeable to flavour molecules. The critical moisture content is dependent on the nature of the dissolved solids, and increases with increasing size of the flavour molecule and decreasing temperature.

Drying conditions leading to a steep water concentration gradient and a rapid decrease in the water concentration at the liquid-or solid-gas interface down to the domain of selective permeability result in high flavour retention. The effect of these process conditions on retention have been studied experimentally for spray drying and freeze drying.


1. Mohr J, Mageroy K. Sex-linked deafness of a possibly new type. Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica 1960;10:54–62. 2. Jin H, May M, Tranebjaerg L, et al. A novel X-linked gene, DDP, shows mutations in families with deafness (DFN-1), dystonia, mental deficiency and blindness. Nat Gen 1996;14:177–180. 3. Tranebjaerg L, Hamel BC, Gabreels FJ, Renier WO, Van Ghelue M. A de novo missense mutation in a critical domain of the Xlinked DDP gene causes the typical deafness-dystonia-optic atrophy syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2000;8:464–467. 4. Ezquerra M, Campdelacreu J, Munoz E, Tolosa E, Marti MJ. A novel intronic mutation in the DDP1 gene in a family with X-linked dystonia-deafness syndrome. Arch Neurol 2005;62:306–308. 5. Kim HT, Edwards MJ, Tyson J, Quinn NP, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Bhatia KP. Blepharospasm and limb dystonia caused by Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome with a novel splice-site mutation in the deafness/ dystonia peptide gene. Mov Disord 2007;22:1328–1331. 6. Burke RE, Fahn S, Marsden CD, Bressman SB, Moskowitz C, Friedman J. Validity and reliability of a rating scale for the primary torsion dystonias. Neurology 1985;35:73–77. 7. Coubes P, Cif L, El Fertit H, et al. Electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus internus in patients with primary generalized dystonia: Long-term results. J Neurosurg 2004;101:189–194.


Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is extremely effective in treating debilitating arthritic conditions of the hip. With the many modular prosthetic designs available, surgeons can now precisely construct mechanical parameters such as femoral offset (FO). Although several studies have investigated relationships between offset choice and hip abductor strength, hip range of motion, and prosthetic wear rate, there is scarce data on the effect of FO on pain and functional outcomes following THA. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of restoring FO (within varying degrees compared to the contralateral non-diseased hip [CL]) on physical function, mental well-being, pain, and stiffness outcomes as measured by the Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12) and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at post-operative follow-up. Methods: We prospectively collected data on 249 patients that underwent unilateral THA with no or minimal disease of the contralateral hip. Baseline data collection included: age, gender, diagnosis, femoral head size, type of stem, and pre-operative SF-12 and WOMAC scores. Post-operative SF-12 and WOMAC scores were recorded during annual follow-up visits. Post-operative FO was retrospectively measured on standard anteroposterior (AP) pelvis radiographs and compared to FO of CL. FO was measured as the perpendicular distance from the femoral head center of rotation to the anatomic axis of the femur with appropriate adjustments made for image magnification. Patients were categorized into one of three groups: decreased femoral offset (dFO, less than −5 mm compared to CL), normal femoral offset (nFO, between −5 and +5 mm of CL), and increased femoral offset (iFO, greater than +5 mm compared to CL). Results: In all, 31 patients were categorized into dFO, 163 categorized into nFO, and 55 categorized into iFO. At baseline, the groups differed in categorical diagnoses (p = 0.01). Further analysis revealed a higher percentage of posttraumatic arthritis in dFO as compared to nFO and iFO (12.9%, 1.2%, and 1.8%, respectively). Moreover, a higher percentage of hip dysplasia was present in iFO as compared to nFO and dFO (14.5%, 3.6%, and 6.5%, respectively). Pre-operatively, dFO had lower WOMAC Pain scores than nFO and iFO (29.68, 43.39, and 43.63, respectively; p Discussion: Reduction of patients9 native FOs by greater than 5 mm during THA can lead to inferior levels of physical function. Furthermore, increasing FO by greater than 5 mm did not lead to increased levels of pain nor decreased levels of function.


We document a new channel mediating the e⁄ects of monetary policy and regulation, the disintermediation channel. When the interest rate on excess reserves (IOER) increases, fewer banks are intermediating in the Fed funds market, and they intermediate less. Thus, the total Fed funds traded decreases and the dispersion of Fed fund rates widens. Similarly, disintermediation happens after Basel III and raising the balance sheet cost. The magnitude of the disintermediation channel is signi(cid:133)cant and comparable to the direct channel, for example, of IOER, which is insigni(cid:133)cant. To explain that, we develop a continuous-time search-and-bargaining model of divisible funds that includes the matching model (e.g. Afonso-Lagos ECTA 2015) and the transaction cost model (e.g. Hamilton JPE 1996) as special cases. We solve the equilibrium in closed form, derive the dynamic distributions of trades and Fed fund rates, and the stopping times of entry and exit from the Fed fund market. IOER reduces the spread of marginal value of the fund, and hence the gain of intermediation. In general, the equilibrium is constrained ine¢ cient, as banks trade too frequently. disclaimers


Topological Signal Processing (TSP) over simplicial complexes is a framework that has been recently proposed, as a generalization of graph signal processing (GSP), to extend GSP to analyzing signals defined over sets of any order (i.e., not only vertices of a graph) and to capture multiway relations of any order among the data. However, simplicial complexes are required to satisfy the so-called inclusion property, according to which, if a set belongs to the complex, then all its subsets must also belong to the complex. In some applications, this is a severe limitation. To overcome this limit, in this paper we extend TSP to deal with signals defined over cell complexes and we also generalize the concept of cell complexes to include hollow cells. We show that, even if the algebraic formulation does not change significantly, the extension to the generalized cell complexes considerably broadens the number of applications. Most important, the new representation provides a much better trade-off between the complexity of the representation and its accuracy. In addition, we propose a method to infer the structure of the cell complex from data and we propose distributed filtering strategies, including a method to retrieve the sparsest representation of the harmonic component. We quantify the advantages of using cell complexes instead of simplicial complexes, in terms of the complexity/accuracy trade-off, for different applications such image segmentation and recovering of real flows measured on data traffic and transportation networks.


Forests help protect people and their assets from natural hazards, including floods, debris flows, landslides, rockfalls, snow avalanches, snowdrifts, and high winds, in two main ways—directly by reducing meteorological and hydrogeomorphic forces that affect people, structures, and utility corridors; and indirectly by reducing soil erosion or improving watershed conditions and air quality. Both types of protection are more attractive than artificial structures for episodic natural hazards due to their relatively low costs and environmental friendliness. Today, about 1500 km of Japan's 25,000 km of railway trackside is home to about 11,000 ha of railway protection forests.


Quantitative Reasoning (QR) requires students to think critically and to apply basic mathematics and statistics to interpret data, draw conclusions, and solve problems within a disciplinary or interdisciplinary context. In this study, the learning goal, learning content, learning method, and learning evaluation of QR were identified and analyzed. In other words, the learning components and characteristics of QR as a type of general education were examined. As a result, QR can be defined as follows: 1. a habit of mind and one of the practical intellectual abilities that should be developed as a core curriculum in general education. 2. integrated learning in an interdisciplinary context across the curriculum. 3. a problem-centered, active participatory approach to learning that focuses on the process of inquiry rather than the learning of fixed knowledge. 4. appropriate for process-oriented evaluation using a rubric. 5. allowing us to be critically informed as citizens of a democratic society. QR thus takes on an over-arching status across the curriculum similar to effective communication skills. QR is an interdisciplinary subject that can be studied within various fields of learning, and can be opened in several departments with a focus on mathematics. Indeed, the call for QR to 'permeate the curriculum' and to become a centerpiece for interdisciplinary learning, linking a wide range of subjects to a common methodological framework, is highly recommended.


The paper explores the significance of a contrast between generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG), a context-free grammar with a well structured theory of features, and head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG), a mechanism for increasing the power of GPSG by introducing head-wrapping and lexical rules, using examples frOm Mandarin Chinese. A study focusing on the discontinuous idiom chunks of possessive object (POBJ) construction produced the unexpected result that even thou0 head-wrapping is a syntactic operation introduced to account for discontinuous constituencies, POBJ data cannot be accounted for with the Head-wrap mechanisms. The adoption of Head-wrap operations as the only explanation of discontinuous constituencies predicts that one of the disjoint sub-strings must have the head of the entire constituent on its edge. The validity of Head-wrap as the mechanism for accounting for the discontinuity of syntax is challenged by the fact that the frequency/duration adverbial splits the POBJ predicate non-adjacent to the head. The failure of grammars with head-wrapping to produce a straightforward syntactic solution to the POBJ data calls for a closer examination of non-syntactic approaches. (MSE) ****X****************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made v: * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** Is Head-Wrap Necessary? Mandarin Possissive Objects in GPSG and HPSG


Randomized Golden Ratio Sampling For Highly Accelerated Dynamic Imaging Yinghua Zhu, Yi Guo, R. Marc Lebel, Meng Law, and Krishna Nayak Electrical Engineering Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, GE Healthcare, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Radiology Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States Introduction: Transform sparsity is a useful constraint for denoising and reconstructing certain types of undersampled MRI data [1]. Recently, several groups have shown that clinical MR angiography and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) imaging can be performed using vastly undersampled 4D k,t-space acquisitions, with reconstruction that utilizes sparsity constraints and parallel imaging [2,3]. Prior work has adopted variable density Poisson-disc (PD) sampling, which is computationally inefficient, and golden ratio (GR) radial-Cartesian sampling [4-8], whose sampling pattern can be adjusted to increase incoherence in the undersampled images. This work explores the potential advantages of randomized golden ratio (RGR) radial-Cartesian sampling, a simple adaptation of GR, for highly accelerated DCE-MRI. Methods: The sampling pattern in this work is based on GR-CAPR [8]. We introduce (a) a small random perturbation angle (Pa) for each phase encode (PE); (b) a probability for sampling each PE (Ps), except for those PE's within a defined central region; (c) a temporal window within which PE's are not repeated, defined as a fraction (Wt) of the temporal resolution. RGR parameters were chosen empirically: Pa=±0.01π; Ps=0.6, center regions similar to those of PD which has 15% of the PE's in the center; Wt=0.5. With these parameters, the RGR sampling table for a 10-min scan can be generated in 100 ms. DCE data of three brain tumor patients were acquired with 3T GE HDxt scanner using 8-channel head coil and T1w 3D SPGR sequence with 15° flip angle and 5.5 ms TR. Parallel imaging was not used. The fully-sampled data had a 256×186×10 matrix size and 35 time frames; The spatial and temporal resolution were 0.93×1.3×6.0 mm3 and 10 s, respectively. We reduced data dimensionality by using one central slice from inverse Fourier transform of 4D raw data along kz, and retrospectively sub-sampled in the kx-ky plane with PD, GR and RGR schemes at four acceleration rates (R) between 5× and 50×. We generated 50 sampling patterns for each method, by altering the pseudorandom generator seed (PD, RGR) and initial angles (GR). Fig. 1 shows the samples for one time frame for each method. Images were reconstructed using alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) [9], and analyzed using normalized root-mean-squared-error (nRMSE) compared to the fully-sampled reference. Mean nRMSE and standard deviations were calculated from each subject, and then averaged. Results: Fig. 2 demonstrates representative images, cropped to show detail in the tumor, from fully sampled data, and R=50 undersampled data using PD, GR and RGR. Increased detail is observed with RGR sampling (arrows) relative to the other methods. In all cases, nRMSE increased with acceleration rate but the proposed RGR method reconstructed images with lowest nRMSE at high acceleration rates, Fig. 3. Standard deviations were extremely small compared with mean nRMSE, suggesting that initial conditions (like spoke angle and random number generator seed) are inconsequential. Discussion: The proposed RGR is novel method to generate randomized sampling scheme combining properties of PD and GR, and provides lower nRMSE in high acceleration cases. RGR can be on-line generated, using parameters such as Pa, Ps and Wt that can be tuned to alter different degrees of randomness. Further extensions and benefits of RGR are currently being explored and evaluated. Reference:[1] Lustig, et al., MRM:58:1182-1195, 2007; [2] Lebel, et al., MRM, 2013; [3] Zhang, et al., ISMRM, p2624, 2013; [4] Winkelmann, et al., TMI:26:68-76, 2007; [5] Doneva, et al., ISMRM, p641, 2011; [6] Song, et al., MRM:44:825-832, 2000; [7] Vogt, et al., ISMRM, p92, 2007; [8] Haider, et al., MRM:60:749-760, 2008; [9] Ramani, et al., ISBI, p385-388, 2011. PD GR RGR R=5 R=20 R=35 R=50


Case Report An 11-year-old schoolgirl gave a 3-year history of scaling on her right thumb, index and middle finger. She had a history of infantile atopic eczema. She had been playing the cello for 1 year when the rash had started, using a black-stringed bow and waxing this with rosin. The rash improved when she rested from playing and flared again restarting. She denied any history of nickel intolerance. Her mother had asthma and psoriasis. On examination, she had redness and scaling on the palmar aspect of her right thumb, index and middle finger, with hyperkeratosis and fissuring of the interphalangeal joints. The dorsa of the fingers were clear. She also had pitting of the index and middle finger nails, without any other evidence of psoriasis. Mycological examination was negative and the patient was patch tested to the European standard series and her rosin. She was positive to para-phenylenediamine (PPD) (D4ππ) only. The manufacturer of her bow string confirmed that PPD had been used to stain it. She was treated with potent topical corticosteroids and emollients, with improvement in her condition. She still gets occasional flaring of her skin condition when she plays cello frequently, even though she is now using an undyed bow. Discussion Frictional contact dermatitis from the cello has been described as 'cellist's chest', 'cello knee' and even 'cello scrotum'. Allergic contact dermatitis has been reported from nickel and chromate (3) in stringed instruments, as well as allergy to PPD on chin rests (4). Bow hair is frequently dyed or impregnated with gold or platinum and this may lead to allergic contact dermatitis. We believe that this patient had allergic contact dermatitis from PPD, though the distribution and morphology of the rash suggests that friction may also have played an important role, children being particularly at risk of this latter effect (5).


We present innovations in three storage and retrieval technologies that improve the accessibility of networked visual information.
Part I. We present two image classification systems based on machine learning. Machine learning is the subfield of artificial intelligence concerned with programs that learn and improve from experience. The first system was originally developed for the indoor-outdoor classification of photographs. However, it can be applied to a wide variety of classification problems. The second system was developed for the detection of content images in World-Wide Web documents. We also present the case for integrating image classification systems by using probabilistic reasoning. The integrated system achieves significant improvements in classification performance compared to individual systems.
Part II. We present description schemes for image, video and multimedia content, which were proposed for adoption in the MPEG-7 international standard. MPEG-7 has the objective of standardizing a framework for the compact, efficient, and interoperable description of image, video, audio and multimedia content. Interoperable descriptions will enhance existing multimedia applications and enable completely new ones. Based on the international MPEG-7 competition for technologies, the basic components of our description schemes have been selected for inclusion into MPEG-7. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed description schemes with respect to how they are used in several multimedia applications.
Part III. Video servers allow multiple clients to connect via a network to interactively view streaming media. Streaming media refers to the video, audio and multimedia that can be accessed over a network without requiring a full download before playback. We present a scheme for the placement of constant bit rate video on an array of disks. The scheme maximizes the utilization of the disk system for videos that have a range of interactivity delay requirements, while achieving load balancing. We also present a disk retrieval schedule and associated resource reservation algorithm that maximizes the utilization of the disk system and memory resources in video servers supporting scalable variable bit rate video.


Length-weight relationships were estimated for Bagrus bajad (Forsskal, 1775), Bagrus docmak Forsskal,1775) Lates niloticus(Linnaeus, 1758) and Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus,1758) sampled from central fish markst in Khartoum (Sudan). The slopes (b) of the length -weight relationship ranges between 2.659 and 2.990. the slopes (b) of length – length relationships ranged between 1.02 and 1.12 negative allometry and isometry was represented for species in the study.


Justin Martyr, in his argument with Trypho the Jew,' cites Adam, Abel, Enoch, Lot, Noah, and Melchizedek as examples of ancients who were uncircumcized but approved by God, and then he adds: "Moreover, all those righteous men already mentioned, though they kept no Sabbaths, were pleasing to God; and after them Abraham with all his descendents until Moses. . . . ' 2 The assertion that none of the pre-Mosaic saints kept the Sabbath, made in support of Justin's primary point that the Sabbath was only a temporary requirement limited to the Jews, imposed because of their weakness, is repeated by Justin several


Review(s) of: Dreamtime Nightmares, by Bill Rosser, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra, 1985, Pp. viii+ 191, Black and White Plates, Maps, $12.95 (Soft).


In order to prevent locomotive deviation accident caused by negligence operation of driver in coal yard of inclined shaft,safety control system of trailer operation of electrical locomotive was designed based on machine image recognition,wireless remote control,PLC control.The composition and control principle of the system were introduced.The practical application showed that the system is sensitive and accurate in identification locomotive,timely and reliable in braking,which effectively put an end to the locomotive deviation accident in coal yard of inclined shaft.


Abstract Background Citizens who contribute as volunteers and peer mentors within a community are important assets that can be mobilised to improve health and wellbeing. In order to optimise the contribution of peer-volunteers to active ageing initiatives, we need to understand their experiences and identify ways to support them in preparing for the role and overcoming potential challenges. Aim: This study synthesises the perspectives of a range of stakeholders involved in peer volunteering active ageing initiatives implemented in UK and provides an in-depth account of how such initiatives can effectively mobilise individuals as community assets. It draws on the experience of all actors involved in such initiatives, ranging from volunteers, recipients of volunteering actions, volunteer managers and volunteering service providers. Methods This evidence synthesis used qualitative data from (a) three studies focusing on the development (phase 1), feasibility trial evaluation (phase 2) and community roll-out (phase 3) of ACE (Active, Connected, Engaged), a peer volunteering active ageing intervention, alongside (b) the experiences of third sector organisations in providing peer volunteering programmes. Ten managers, 22 volunteers and 20 ACE participants were interviewed. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis. Results Seven main themes including 33 higher and 22 lower order themes were identified: Motives; Benefits; Characteristics of peer volunteers; Challenges; Training needs; Recruitment; Successful strategies for maintenance. Altruism, changes in life circumstances, opportunities to reconnect with the community and personal fulfilment were the main reasons for volunteering. Volunteering was described as being personally rewarding, an avenue to acquire new skills and knowledge, and increased social connections and physical activity. Effective volunteers are committed, reliable, have a good sense of humour, good interpersonal skills and are able to relate to the participants. When pairing volunteers with participants, clarity of role, level of time commitment, shared interests and geographical proximity are worth considering. Conclusions Successful implementation of peer-volunteering initiatives requires the use of appropriate recruitment routes, easy joining procedures, provision of ongoing support, good communication across all stakeholders, feedback and recognition of effort and a dedicated team to build resilience and provide volunteers with administrative support.


It has been argued that, in explaining their data on cuprate superconductors some authors appear to have considered incorrect variation of the coherence length with impurity concentration. Considering two cases from the existing literature, namely the explanation of critical current density of Pr doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 samples by Hedge et al. 1 [Phys Rev B, 48 (1993) 6465], and the explanation of the penetration depth of Fe doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 samples by Hayani et al. 2 [Physica C, 221 (1994) 319], it has been clarified that, these proposed explanations may be misleading.


The new technique of using ultrasonic vibration to break hard rock is still in the experimental stage, but it has significant potential for improving the efficiency of hard rock crushing. We have analyzed the mechanical properties of granite under ultrasonic vibration and the characteristics of the damage produced. This was achieved by using an ultraloading device to apply continuous and discontinuous ultrasonic vibrations, respectively, to 32 mm diameter and 72 mm high granite samples. An ultradynamic data acceptor combined with strain gauges was used to monitor the strain of the granite in real time, and the elastic-plastic deformation behavior of the granite under ultrasonic vibration was observed. The results of this experiment indicate that the granite samples underwent elastic deformation, plastic deformation, and damage during this process. The samples first experienced compressive deformation with no obvious rupturing. As the vibration continued, the deformation finally became tensile, and significant fragmentation occurred. The mechanical properties of granite under ultrasonic vibration are analyzed in detail on the basis of these results, and the basis for selecting a vibration frequency is discussed.


The concept of exceptional point (EP) is demonstrated experimentally in the case of a simple mechanical system consisting of two coupled pendulums. Exceptional points correspond to specific values of the system parameters that yield defective eigenvalues. These spectral singularities which are typical of non-Hermitian system means that both the eigenvalues and their associated eigenvectors coalesce. The existence of an EP requires an adequate parameterization of the dynamical system. For this aim, the experimental device has been designed with two controllable parameters which are the length of one pendulum and a viscous-like damping which is produced via electromagnetic induction. Thanks to the observation of the free response of the coupled pendulums, most EP properties are experimentally investigated, showing good agreements with theoretical considerations. In contrast with many studies on EPs, mainly in the field of physics, the novelty of the present work is that controllable parameters are restricted to be real-valued, and this requires the use of adequate search algorithms. Furthermore, it offers the possibility of exploiting the existence of EPs in time-domain dynamic problems.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of characteristics of the service quality of e-commerce platforms on customer satisfaction and purchase intention.
Design/methodology/approach: The proposed research model and a set of hypotheses were developed and tested using structural equation modeling based on data collected from 172 e-commerce users in Uzbekistan.
Findings: The findings of this study revealed that while the responsiveness of e-commerce platforms is non-essential, website design, reliability, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use are essential elements for customer satisfaction in e-commerce. The results indicated that website design, perceived usefulness, and customer satisfaction positively affect purchase intention for e-commerce platforms in Uzbekistan.
Research limitations/implications: The study provided that COVID-19 significantly impacted the development and acceptance of e-commerce platforms in Uzbekistan. The results of this study suggested practical insights for improving customer satisfaction and service quality on e-commerce platforms in Uzbekistan.
Originality/value: Uzbekistan is a developing country with great potential; however, until recently, little research has been conducted on the Uzbek e-commerce market. From this perspective, this study fills this gap by analyzing the relationship among service quality, technology acceptance factors, customer satisfaction, and purchase intention by applying the initial TAM model. Therefore, it is essential to determine the key factors for improving e-commerce service quality.


The invention relates to particles and powders for preventing and treating chronic bronchitis and cor pulmonale and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: blast-fried ginger, honey-fried radix glycyrrhizae, ephedra herb, pinellia tuber, tangerine peel, Indian buead, dahurian angelica root, perilla stem, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, apricot kernel, white paeony root, mulberry bark and ginseng are mixed, added with eight or six times of water for decoction and extracted twice, two hours each time; extracting solutions are combined, condensed and dried to prepare dry cream; after two extractions, the dry cream is combined and pulverized into fine powders; and after the fine powders are added and mixed with milk powders, sucrose, dextrin, edible essence, non-dairy powder and protein honey, the mixture is added with starch serving as an auxiliary material to prepare the particles, or bulk bags. The particles and powders have the advantages of obvious effect, simple administration, no toxic or side effect.


This paper models the location of two vertically related firms in a low labor cost country and in a country with a large market. The upstream industry is more labor intensive than the downstream industry. We find that spatial fragmentation occurs for low values of the input-output coefficient and intermediate values of the transport rate, particularly if the countries are very asymmetric in size. Otherwise, we obtain agglomeration either in the low cost country (when the transport rate is low) or in the large market (when the transport rate is high). Multiple agglomerated equilibria arise when the transport cost of the intermediate good is significant.


Two-related-samples nonparametric test was used in the article to evaluate the effectiveness of the project of excellent academic leader of public health in certain city.The main items of the evaluated included the followings,taking part in the studies,publishing articles and books,academic tenure,cultivating graduates,organizing conferences,gaining awards and the participation of continuing education.The results suggested that the effectiveness of the project implementing should have been significant.


Background: Photodynamic therapy with topical 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA), followed by irradiation with red light (ALA‐PDT), is used for non‐melanoma skin cancer and other dermatological diseases. Pain during and after light exposure is a well‐known adverse advent that may be a limiting factor for treatment, particularly, in viral warts.


I. INTRODUCTION Over the last several years Ukrainian banks have grown rapidly, reflecting the improving operating environment as well as a rise in public confidence in the banking system.1 However, such rapid growth in the banking sector raises concerns about risk management and the corporate governance system in place. While the system can function well in times of economic prosperity, periods of economic downturn can lead to deterioration in asset quality and a systemic banking crisis. As Fitch Country Report points out, a number of significant weaknesses characterize the Ukrainian banking system, particularly low capitalization and high concentration levels.2 The National Bank of Ukraine ("NBU") has a dual function. It serves as the country's central bank, as well as the regulator of the banking sector. It has increasingly toughened regulatory capital requirements for banks.3 The NBU risk-based capital standards restrict opportunities for further growth of the assets of Ukrainian banks, as do limits on the amount of loans allowed to an individual borrower. Due to these restrictions, Ukrainian banks eagerly seek new sources of capital. Large banks have already outgrown the amount of capital that their owners can contribute, thus necessitating capital additions from "outsiders." In the absence of a developed national securities market, the only possible choice for banks is to solicit foreign institutional investors. However, the participation of foreign investors in Ukrainian banks is not possible without transparency and the implementation of principles of effective corporate governance. All these factors provide banks with the incentive to change, increasing the demand for implementation of modern corporate governance principles and best practices. Nevertheless, even with strong demand for reforms and the progress that has been made in recent years with Ukrainian corporate governance, the banking sector has been very resistant to change. There is much more to do in terms of filling gaps in corporate governance practices. II. BACKGROUND Advancing corporate governance standards presents large cultural hurdles for managers of Ukrainian banks. Over the last ten years, their ownership structure and activities have remained relatively unchanged.4 This can be explained by the particular ownership culture in Ukraine. Large financial industrial groups and politically influential individuals have been reluctant to loosen control over their banks which too often serve particular interests of these major shareholders. Pressure from these major shareholders makes bank managers unable to change the situation on their own; they expect regulators and legislators to be the main driving force for the development of corporate governance practices. A. Corporate Governance in Ukraine 1. The Soviet Legacy Corporate governance is an extremely new concept in Ukraine. Before 1991, Ukrainian corporate law had been based primarily on a Soviet legal and economic doctrine that the state, as represented by various governmental organizations and authorities, acts as owner of the majority of large- and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine.5 To put it simply, there were no corporations. The state itself functioned as a huge corporation, with a nexus of ministries and departments as its management bodies. The whole notion of the principal-agent model in Soviet Ukraine had a rather perverse nature. The idea of who is the "principal" and who is an "agent" in terms of corporate governance was very vague. In the Soviet Union, control over the management was exercised by the state (i.e. various ministries and departments) through bureaucratized administrative methods.6 The enterprises operated under the conditions of soft budget constraints and stable state order, which guaranteed them access to very cheap inputs and financial resources.7 State banks enthusiastically extended credit to enterprises without guarantees of repayment from future income. …


The aim of this study was to validate anthropometric methods to determine fat mass (FM) using the Deuterium Dilution Technique (DDT) in children. 152 children aged 6–9 years participated in the study. Weight, height and triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds were measured. Total Body Water was determined by DDT. Children received a weighed oral dose of deuterium oxide (0.3 mL/Kg;99%) and saliva samples were obtained after an equilibration period of 3 h. Deuterium concentration was determined by mass spectrometry in the Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Stable Isotopes at INTA, Chile and FM was calculated. It was obtained a prediction model for FM using the triceps skinfold and weight as variables: −5.36+0.31*Weight +0.35*Triceps Skinfold. When the predicted FM by the model was validated against FM estimated from deuterium dilution, the regression had a slope not significantly different from 1.0 and an intercept not significantly different from 0. It was observed by Bland and Altman test that the methodological error was randomly distributed. This study developed the first argentinian predictive equation for total body fat in children and contributes with simple validated methods through nuclear techniques considered gold standard in order to evaluate the impact of programs for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in children. Supported by UBACyT B098, OIEA/RLA6059/6064


Given that the scale development of biomass power plants requires the participation of straw collecting and storing enterprises,this paper applies the game theory to analyze the impacts on the earnings of the vertical strategic coalition consisting of the straw-burning power plant and the straw collecting and storing enterprise based on the leader-participation model.It points out that the formation of the vertical strategic coalition between the downstream straw-burning power plants and the upstream straw collecting and storing enterprises not only ensures the sustainable supply of straw to the biomass power plant,but also increases the earnings of the power plant and the straw collecting enterprise respectively,thus boosting the total economic results of the vertical strategic coalition.Moreover,the paper deduces the conditions to be satisfied for the existence of the effective strategic coalition,and conducts a case study by analyzing the data from a certain straw power plant.


The inorganic membrane consists of a macroporous inor ganic support and an inorganic membrane layer. The mem brane layer is formed through depositing an inorganic layer by "Chemical Vapour Deposition' or "sputtering" on the macroporous support, onto this inorganic layer a photo lacquer layer is formed, this photo-lacquer layer being exposed to a regular mask pattern with the use of a suitable source, this lacquer layer being developed, and in the inorganic layer the mask pattern is etched by a suitable etchant, thus forming the membrane layer. The pattern of the membrane layer may be given any particular design, prac tically with a repetition rate in the range 0.1-10 um. It is thus conceivable to separate not only particles according to their size, but also to their shape. The membrane layer can be deposited very thinly in comparison to the dimension of the pore size, enabling a large flux, a reduced clogging and a minimal damage to particles or cells.


The availability of regional road network, as an infrastructure for accommodating activities and interregional interactions has made the areas of Demak Regency divided into several areas according to the differences in dynamics of their development process. All areas in Demak Regency have transformed gradually with some different level dynamics in each area. It is important to understand the transformation process in the district including in each area. This study aims to examine the regional transformation process in each area in Demak Regency and find out which areas are undergoing rapid transformation or development than others. Land use transformation is analyzed by using the Maximum Likelihood and Calculate Area analysis techniques in Arcgis. Population transformation analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques and economic transformation analyzed using LQ analysis techniques and descriptive analysis. The result shows that the south-west and north-west areas, which are bordering to the Metropolitan City of Semarang and traversed by regional road network tend to have a more dynamic transformation than other areas that are more far from the city. There are some factors that bring some areas of Demak Regency to develop rapidly, such as the proximity to the metropolitan city, the availability of regional road networks, and the development of activities in the area. It is also found that the formulation of the RTRW for Demak Regency has not taken the different dynamics of development of areas in the district into account. So, there are some areas that need more attention from the Government of Demak Regency, like the east-north and central areas whose development is still under the level directed in the RTRW, so that their development needs to be encouraged. as a result of the formulation that has not paid attention different dynamics in each areas.


Previously developed hybrid genetic programming with low-level optimizer software is used along with two novel building block designs (3D loop and coil utilizing Fourier series) to design low frequency artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) ground planes using only design specifications. The methodology used to create these building block designs in the existing GP software is described, and an AMC design example covering 225-450 MHz is given. The design has 72.9% bandwidth and a thickness of λ0/15.


In this work, we study the time evolution of the entanglement Hamiltonian during the process of thermalization in a (1+1)-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) after a quantum quench from a special class of initial states. In particular, we focus on a subsystem which is a finite interval at the end of a semi-infinite line. Based on conformal mappings, the exact forms of both entanglement Hamiltonian and entanglement spectrum of the subsystem can be obtained. Aside from various interesting features, it is found that in the infinite time limit the entanglement Hamiltonian and entanglement spectrum are exactly the same as those in the thermal ensemble. The entanglement spectrum approaches the steady state spectrum exponentially in time. We also study the modular flows generated by the entanglement Hamiltonian in Minkowski spacetime, which provides us with an intuitive picture of how the entanglement propagates and how the subsystem is thermalized. Furthermore, the effect of a generic initial state is also discussed.


Ideology validity,as a problem which every ruling party must face,is a rational base and premise for a party to be in the reign.Socialist ideology validity is likely to be imperfect due to the value conflicts,cultural diversity,extending corruption and social inequality in the social transition and modernization process.Some measures must be taken to consolidate the validity of socialist ideology.We should keep ideology up with time in content,give prominence to the radical interest of the people in value,take the economic construction as the core in function,balance the relationship between centralized guiding idea and different social concepts and pay attention to the mutual conversion between social psychology,social character and ideology in function pattern.


The wear-out of plane tyres is serious and should be replaced periodically.For plane tyre,its detachment and assembling need special device.This paper presents a new type of product-hydraulic detachment and assembling machine of plane tyre.It expatiates on its me chanic structure,the working theory of its hydraulic system and related control meth ods.The findings of testing and trying on site prove a higher degree of automation of the ma chine and better performance of its control and hydraulic system.


ABSTRACT The single grit cutting test was regarded as an important approach for understanding a complex grinding process, and revealed the connection between grinding wheel state, grinding parameters, and the surface integrity of workpieces. To investigate the formation mechanisms and morphology of grinding chips of 20CrMnTi steel, experiments on the high-speed grinding of a single grit on the surface of 20CrMnTi steel were performed by the finite element method. Combining this with the analysis of scratch morphology and the use of the finite element method, the authors showed that the process included sliding friction, ploughing, and produced fragmented, and continuous chips which changed with the cutting depth. Moreover, the distributions of physical quantities including stress, strain, heat, and temperature fields in the three areas subjected to cutting deformation were analyzed in greater detail. Moreover, combined with the deduced theoretical formulae, finite element simulation tests were conducted to analyze the undeformed chip thickness, shear angle, chip shape, strain in the formation process of chips from a single grit grain, and its changes with grinding parameters and the shape of abrasive grains.


Hershler, Robert, and J. Jerry Landye. Arizona Hydrobiidae (Prosobranchia: Rissoacea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 459, 63 pages, 49 figures, 6 tables, 1988.—A diverse fauna of Arizona Hydrobiidae is documented as a result of recent collecting from numerous springs in the state. The fauna is composed of 14 species in two genera, Pyrgulopsis Call and Pilsbry and Tryonia Stimpson. Thirteen species are described as new herein and the fourteenth represents a new state record. All have relatively restricted distributions, and two are single-spring endemics. All congeners are allopatric to one another. Stepwise canonical discriminant function analyses using sets of shell and anatomical data confirmed the distinctiveness of the 12 species of Arizona Pyrgulopsis, as classification of (grouped) topotypes was 89%-93% using shell data, and 100% using anatomical data. Discriminant analyses also confirmed that differentiation among congeners largely involves male anatomy (especially penial features), as this data set yielded the best separation of species in plots of discriminant function scores. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hershler, Robert Arizona Hydrobiidae (Prosobranchia: Rissoacea) (Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology ; no. 4S9) Bibliography: p. Supc of Docs, no.: SI 127:459 1. Pyrgulopsis—Arizona—Classification. 2. Tryonia—Arizona—-Classification. 3. Mollusks—Classification. 4. Moltusks—Arizona—Classification. I. Landye, J. Jerry, n. Title. Ill Series QL1.S54 no. 459 591s 87-600195 [QL43OO.5.H9] [594'32]


Malaria is an endemic disease in most of area in Indonesia, especially in rural and remote areas. Banggai, one of regencies in Central Sulawesi province, is a high endemic area of malaria with Annual Parasite Incidence (API) in 2010 reached 7.880/00. The incidence and spreading of malaria were influenced by environmental and weather factors, particularly rainfall and temperature. Therefore this study would like to develop a malaria incidence prediction system based on environmental and weather factors, so that it may assist Indonesian Ministry of Health to control malaria. The method used to solve the problem was Evolving Neural Network (ENN). This method was a mixture between Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The result of this study shows that the prediction system has acceptable performance for predicting malaria incidence based on weather factors. The best performance in predicting malaria incidence in 2008 was 21.3% MAPE, 75% accuracy, and 84.21% F-value. While in predicting malaria incidence in 2009 was resulted 15.29% MAPE, 75% accuracy, and 40% F-value. These findings proved that there was a sufficient correlation between weather and malaria incidence. ENN also improved the performance of ANN up to 14.84% in MAPE, 25% in accuracy and 40% in F-value.


ena. Other early chapters focusing on the entertainment/digilantism nexus have more immediate and obvious relevance: Favarel-Garrigues's exploration of the criticism of "moral policing" in Moscow, for example, assesses online community responses to offline vigilante action, using the internet as a barometer to gauge public reactions to traditional, physical forms of deviance. While these chapters could inform criminal justice research (and, to a lesser extent, praxis) in some respect, scholars in this discipline will be particularly interested in later chapters. Specifically, Dekker and Meijer's work highlights the interaction between European police and digital vigilantes who involve themselves in ongoing investigations and the tensions this often triggers (pp. 281–306). Further, Young's work focuses on the rhetoric of mediated mugshots in which she explores whether the routine posting of offender photographs online is truly for crime prevention reasons or if it has devolved into something more akin to trolling—a term with a somewhat amorphous meaning that (broadly) refers to making offensive comments online at someone else's expense (pp. 307–330). The implications of both of these chapters for criminal justice scholars and practitioners are clear and should prompt a reexamination of current ways of operation. In all, Introducing Vigilant Audiences is a collection that provides interdisciplinary coverage of an area of shared importance to scholars of the media, technology, sociology, and criminal justice (among others). The online world will continue to evolve and, as such, the specific examples here may age with time, giving the collection a natural shelf life. That said, Introducing Vigilant Audiences should not be seen as a mere collection of case studies; instead, it is a framework for understanding digilantism as "an extension of public and pre-digital gatherings" (p. 3) that is nevertheless a reflection of the internet aiding a type of vigilantism that has always existed in some form or another. In doing so, it not only tells us what digilantism "looks like" in the contemporary but also provides direction that allows readers to extrapolate and recognize potential challenges (and solutions) for the future. Introducing Vigilant Audiences will be of interest to policymakers and practitioners seeking to understand emerging online behaviors better. Beyond this, as mentioned, it provides an accessible entry point for undergraduates and graduates interested in crime and sociological phenomenon in the emerging online space, especially a work drawing from multiple academic perspectives. The interdisciplinary scope of Introducing Vigilant Audiences may even be beneficial for more experienced scholars, potentially offering new insights on familiar topics.


Fault injection has increasingly been used both to attack software applications and to test system robustness. Detecting fault injection vulnerabilities has been approached with a variety of different but limited methods. This paper proposes an extension of a recently published general model checking based process to detect fault injection vulnerabilities in binaries. This new extension makes the general process scalable to real‐world implementations, which is demonstrated by detecting vulnerabilities in different cryptographic implementations.


Clear evidence for the microwave effect has been observed during experiments in which a variety of materials have been heated using both conventional and hybrid heating, but in each case using the same experimental system. A hybrid single mode cavity has been used to investigate the microwave effect during phase changes in silver iodide, barium titanate and benzyl, whilst a hybrid multimode cavity has been used to investigate the microwave effect during sintering and grain growth in a range of ceramic materials with different dielectric properties. Although evidence for the microwave effect was not found in every case, where it was found the results could not be explained purely in terms of temperature gradients within the materials. INTRODUCTION Many investigators have reported unexpected effects resulting from the use of microwave radiation as an alternative energy source during the processing of materials. However, uncertainty remains since microwave heating experiments are often performed in a microwave applicator whilst the corresponding conventional experiments are typically carried out in a separate, radiant furnace of totally different specification (e.g. power level). Research has now been performed on a number of materials systems using two different hybrid conventional/microwave applicators in which the energy source can be varied without affecting a wide range of other variables. In the first series of experiments, a hybrid single mode cavity has been used to investigate the microwave effect during phase changes in silver iodide, barium titanate and the organic compound benzil via examination of the thermal properties, including the specific heat capacity. In the second series, a hybrid multimode cavity has been used to investigate the microwave effect during sintering and grain growth in a range of ceramic materials with different dielectric properties, viz. alumina, zirconia and zinc oxide. In both cases, it was possible to heat the samples using exactly the same heating profile but with varying amounts of microwave energy. EXPERIMENTAL A schematic diagram of the hybrid single mode cavity is shown in figure 1, it has been described in detail elsewhere [1]. It was used to examine phase changes in three different materials, viz. silver iodide (AgI), barium titanate (BaTiO3) and benzil, via examination of the thermal properties of these materials. In each case, the samples were heated using both pure conventional (a hot gas stream) and hybrid (microwave plus conventional) heating. Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the hybrid single mode cavity. 10 International Conference on Microwave and RF Heating 261 Zinc oxide (ZnO), 3 mol% doped yttria partially stabilised zirconia (3-YSZ) and alumina (Al2O3) pellets were pressed from different grades of each powder, micron and submicron sized in the case of the ZnO, submicron and nano for the 3-YSZ and three different nanopowders for the Al2O3. Each series of pellets were sintered at two different temperatures for one hour using exactly the same time/temperature profile whilst varying the fraction of microwave and conventional power used. RESULTS Single mode cavity: No effect on the phase transformation was observed with the use of microwave energy for either benzil or BaTiO3. However, fig. 2 shows results obtained on heating AgI at 1°C min using increasing levels of a constant background of microwave power. The difference between the air and sample temperature (ΔT) is plotted against the sample temperature, analogous to a DTA measurement. With no microwaves, the curve shows a characteristic endothermic peak accompanying the normal phase transition at 147°C. With microwaves the shape of the curve changes due to the increased coupling of the α-phase with microwaves compared to the β-phase, resulting in a sharp drop in the level of conventional heat required to maintain the programme temperature. The phase transition is clearly shifted to lower temperatures with increasing microwave power. The sample temperature could also be programmed to oscillate between two values. The ratio of the amplitudes of the specimen and air temperatures was proportional to the heat capacity of the test specimen; this is the basis of AC calorimetry. Data for AgI in which the specimen temperature was varied between 128 and 132°C over a two minute period as the microwave power was cycled in a stepwise fashion between 0 and 70 W is shown in fig. 3. It may be observed that the AgI transformed reversibly between the α and β forms as a result of varying microwave power under quasi-isothermal conditions. Whilst the DTA and AC calorimetry data provide evidence for a non-thermal microwave effect in AgI [2], the presence of temperature gradients within the specimen cannot be discounted. A thermal imaging camera was therefore used in place of the fluoroptic thermometer to monitor the specimen's temperature during pure microwave heating. Changes in heating rate at ~90°C suggested increased coupling and hence the formation of some α-phase. Below 90°C, the sample was fairly uniform in temperature whilst above this temperature hot spots appeared, Figure 2: DTA data for AgI heated at 1°C min under increasing levels of microwave power. Figure 3: AC calorimetry data for silver iodide at 130°C under different levels of microwave power. 10 International Conference on Microwave and RF Heating 262 suggesting that nuclei of α-AgI were generated well below the normal transformation temperature. An alternative explanation could be that the microwave field or the sample itself were not homogeneous, leading to the hot spots. To decide between these possibilities, it would be necessary to improve the spatial resolution of the thermal imaging camera. Multimode cavity: The final density of the ZnO ceramics after sintering are shown in figure 4; the low final densities achieved were deliberate since it ensured that any differences in densification were visible. It can be clearly seen that densification was enhanced by the presence of a microwave field, with the enhancement becoming more significant the greater the level of microwave power used. Similar results were obtained for the 3-YSZ powders, although the magnitude of the effect was smaller, whilst the Al2O3 powders showed only an extremely small difference. The greatest effect occurred at low sintering temperatures, i.e. in the early stages of sintering, with up to a 24% density enhancement at 680C for the submicron ZnO powder, figure 5a. The final average grain size of the samples also followed a similar trend, figure 5b.


Long cascades of stretched {ital E}2 transitions have been observed in {sup 143}Eu and {sup 144}Eu nuclei which at low excitation exhibit spherical shape. Lifetime experiments demonstrate high collectivity values up to {ital B}({ital E}2){approx}100 W.u. among these {ital E}2 cascades. The total Routhian surface calculations indicate many crossing rotational bands of the nucleus with triaxial shape at {beta}{sub 2}{approx}0.25 and {gamma}{approx}30{degree}. The {ital E}2 cascades in {sup 143}Eu are proposed to represent the {nu}{ital h}{sub 11/2}{sup 2}{pi}{ital h}{sub 11/2}{sup {ital n}} configurations with an additional {nu}{ital d}{sub 3/2}{sup {minus}1}{ital i}{sub 13/2} excitation at the highest states.


Based on analyzing the disadvantages of tradition layered network architecture, the research actuality related to the new generation of network architecture was introduced. To combine the characteristic that distributed measurement and control system' s(DMCS) architecture was changed along with the computer network's, the DMCS architecture based Service Unit (SU) network architecture was proposed. A various kind of service function elements and modes of SU were described. Furthermore, the DMCS's the micro-communication element system architecture based on the SU was proposed. The DMCS of SU network architecture is easy to design and implement and has more flexibility.


Modern Public Health for Medical Students 923 Irradiation of Mice and Men .. 923 Problems of Radiobiology •. 924 Perthes and Parents .. . . . . 924 Activities of Daily Living for Physical Rehabilitation . . .. .. 924 Lumbar Discography .. . . " 924 Disease in Infancy and Childhood .. 924 Cardiovascular Surgery 1962 .. 925 Pleural Effusion .. 925 The Biochemistry of Bladder Cancer 925 Thyrotropin 925 Family Psychiatry 926


: This study is to verify the influence of teacher efficacy (factor 1), educational environment (factor 2), and peer-teacher relationship (factor 3) as determinants of satisfaction with teaching profession of an Elementary school teachers. To this end, a three-step model of hierarchical regression analysis was applied to confirm the effects of teacher efficacy, educational environment, and peer teacher characteristics on teaching job satisfaction. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that all items, such as teaching activities and life guidance, which are factors of teacher efficacy, and educational environment factors, such as educational facilities, teaching job burden, academic atmosphere


"Mulberry plot-fishpond"is an ecological agriculture style developed in the Ming and Qing dynasties.The unique dyeing technique of Guangdong silk was born from this ecosystem.Nowadays it has become the excellent cultural heritage of China.As the production style of"Mulberry plot-fishpond"gradually disappeared in Foshan,the production and sale of Guangdong silk went in trouble and this unique traditional silk dyeing technique is facing the dilemma of no successor.Today the protection of intangible cultural heritage is the universal will and the common issues of the world. Therefore,in order to regain the extraordinary splendor of the Guangdong silk dyeing technique,it is very necessary to explore its art and value.


This paper proposes an approach to evaluate the loading limits of distribution networks due to increasing EV connections. It focuses on two parameters: after-diversity maximum demand (ADMD) and maximum daily energy demand (MDED). Using actual EV charging data from the UK, Monte Carlo simulations generate daily charging profiles, identifying ADMD, MDED, and seasonal variations. ADMD, MDED, and per-hour maximum EV charging demands are combined with UK residential load profiles before EV connection. Their maximum demands are assessed against thermal rating limits, establishing the network's hosting capacity (HC) for uncontrolled EV charging. To determine the maximum safe number of connected EVs, different scheduling methods for controlled EV charging are compared, considering per-hour maximum demand values, thermal limits, and MDED. This defines the network's HC for fully controlled EV charging. The approach is demonstrated on the IEEE 33-bus test network. Pre-EV residential demands are obtained from a UK MV substation, and ambient data is collected from a UK Met Office weather station. Results provide a range of network HC values for uncontrolled and controlled EV charging, representing lower and upper limits. These limits correlate with firm and non-firm network HC concepts and guide optimal network upgrades for exceeding these limits.


Abstract The eastern areas of the South Island of New Zealand have marked rainfall variability. There has been, from time to time, interest in augmenting rainfall by artificial methods. Using recorded rainfall, numerical experiments are conducted to determine by Monte Carlo methods the probability of statistically detecting particular rainfall increases in experiments lasting 5 or 10 years and conducted over the November-April period. A rainfall increase of 30% on seeded occasions would probably be detected but smaller increases might not be identifiable even in 10 years. Restriction of seeding to occasions when there is a large water need has little effect on the probability of detecting effects of seeding.


1P G Student, Department of Information Science and Engineering, Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bangalore, Karnataka, India 2 Associate Professor, Department of Information Science and Engineering, Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bangalore, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Orbital prediction is one of the important aspects of Space Domain Awareness (SDA) that mainly deals with predicting the nature of Resident Space Objects (RSO's) such as satellites, asteroids and space debris that reside on the gravity of earth or other space objects such as planets and stars. This prediction was done so far using a physics-based model that was time consuming and required more physical computation. Also, due to lack of sufficient information on the space environment condition and status of RSOs, the prediction often failed to meet the required accuracy. So, to overcome the drawbacks of the physics-based model, use of Machine Learning models that automate prediction with less physical interaction resulting in more accuracy and increased efficiency of prediction is investigated here.


The binding curves and thermal denaturation of several DNA- aminoacridine and DNA-amino-benzacridine complexes at two ionic strengths are reported. An increase in viscosity and a decrease in sedimentation velocity were found for these DNA-dye systems. Free energy calculations based on the intercalation model have been performed. The values so obtained for ΔG are discussed and correlated with the data found in the above experiments.


Zintl phases are salt-like compounds that are formed by combination of nonnoble metals (alkali, alkaline-earth, and rare earth metals) with post-transition metals. They are intermediate compounds that can be positioned between salts and intermetallic compounds in which metallic, ionic and covalent bonds exist. Zintl phases are expected to be semiconducting but they can also be metallic. The rational design and structural characterization of new tetrelide-tungstate doublesalts involving nine-atom clusters of the tetrel group and oxo-metallate of transition metal like tungstates, using the Zintl concept was our first goal. This would extend the Zintl phases into more ionic region. The second goal was to study of effects of electronic fluctuations on Zintl polyanionic networks, particularly those on the border with intermetallics, using the partial substitution approach. Thus, the transition from electron precise Zintl phases to typical intermetallic compounds was investigated, focusing on the change in the structures and their chemical bonding. Here, the Structure-composition-property inter-relationships which go beyond the grasp of the Zintl concept were analysed by theoretical band structure calculations.


An unsteady mathematical model and a computer modeling system of the diesel fuel catalytic dewaxing process (mild hydrocracking) were developed. The modeling system allows for calculating the optimal technological mode to produce low-freezing diesel fuel with the required cold filter plugging point taking into account the feedstock composition and catalyst activity. The modeling system consists of the main blocks: database, knowledge base, unsteady mathematical model of the diesel fuel catalytic dewaxing process, and application program package. Using the developed computer modeling system, the influence of the feedstock composition and flow rate as well as of the catalyst activity on the cold filter plugging point and the yield of diesel fuel is demonstrated.


Cultivated land is crucial to food security, social and economic stability, environmental quality, and sustainable urban–rural development in China and around the world. However, most of the current grading systems for evaluating cultivated land quality in China tend to generate homogeneous results and inadequate spatial descriptions mainly due to the use of a composite index method that often fails to recognize the matching relationship between land use needs and the quality of cultivated land. The purpose of this study is to propose a new grading system for evaluating China's cultivated land quality that involves two index systems and a scoring and grading scheme. In the proposed system, cultivated land quality is redefined in terms of production capacity quality and environmental quality, and the minimum limiting factor method and the weighted linear model are coupled for factor scoring and grading. The new system is demonstrated by a case‐study in Yimen Town, a loess plateau region in western China's Shaanxi Province. The results of this study clearly indicate that the new grading system is superior to the current system when compared using two methods: the spatial pattern comparison method and the crop performance validation method. The results are also favorable in terms of matching relationships between the subclasses of cultivated land quality versus soil types and landforms. The new grading system not only helps to better understand the cultivated land quality but also provides a clear direction for science‐based remediation and amelioration of cultivated land.


The objective of this paper is two-fold: (a) to corroborate Preston's cross-country macro-level findings with the micro-level evidence from the demographic and health surveys (DHS); and (b) to examine, at the within-country regional level, the impact that health improvements may have had on economic well-being. Two cases of empirical findings are presented: one using the DHS data for the states of India, and the other using DHS data for a group of four African countries: Ghana, Uganda, Kenya, and Zimbabwe. For India, the regional level joint evolution of longevity and wealth index produced the Preston curves that resemble the one conventionally produced using cross-country macro-level data. Also, we find positive and elastic impact of life expectancy on economic outcome. The findings are different for the African countries. The Preston curves are flat in most cases, with large downward shifts postulating the existence of significant exogenous shocks for the health conditions. The regression estimates for the African countries show a positive but inelastic impact of the increase in life expectancy on wealth index.


We propose two effective parameters that fully characterise galactic-scale structure formation at high redshifts ($z\gtrsim5$) for a variety of dark matter (DM) models that have a primordial cutoff in the matter power spectrum. Our description is within the recently proposed ETHOS framework and includes standard thermal Warm DM (WDM) and models with dark acoustic oscillations (DAOs). To define and explore this parameter space, we use high-redshift zoom-in simulations that cover a wide range of non-linear scales from those where DM should behave as CDM ($k\sim10\,h\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$), down to those characterised by the onset of galaxy formation ($k\sim500\,h\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$). We show that the two physically motivated parameters $h_{\rm peak}$ and $k_{\rm peak}$, the amplitude and scale of the first DAO peak, respectively, are sufficient to parametrize the linear matter power spectrum and classify the DM models as belonging to effective non-linear structure formation regions. These are defined by their relative departure from Cold DM ($k_{\rm peak}\rightarrow\infty$) and WDM ($h_{\rm peak}=0$) according to the non-linear matter power spectrum and halo mass function. We identify a region where the DAOs still leave a distinct signature from WDM down to $z=5$, while a large part of the DAO parameter space is shown to be degenerate with WDM. Our framework can then be used to seamlessly connect a broad class of particle DM models to their structure formation properties at high redshift without the need of additional $N$-body simulations.


Within the framework of the interacting fluid formalism, we provide the numerical solution to the Boltzmann equation describing the evolution of an inflaton field coupled to radiation. We study the behavior of the system during the slow-roll regime, in the case in which an additional stochastic source term is included in the set of equations, and we recover the expression for the cosmological perturbations previously obtained in the Warm inflation scenarios.


What motivates suicide attackers remains an open question. From an evolutionary perspective, commitment to suicide missions is puzzling since such behavior is fitness reducing. We model suicide terrorism by drawing on two fundamental human motivations: altruism and selfishness. Martyrdom can be viewed as altruistic- benefiting group members at a cost to oneself, as well as selfish- ideological belief in a profitable afterlife. Our simulations identify that some degree of both behaviors are essential in order to facilitate a commitment to sacrifice. Thus, manipulations of ideology and altruism can tip the threshold and set the agents on the path of martyrdom.


The outdoor recreation built meaning, function, values, and norms to landscape activity in one area. Besides, it created a comfortable nuance for the visitors and the residents at Perumahan Cemara Asri, Medan, due to maintaining the microclimate in this area. The Landscape of Taman Burung in Perumahan Cemara Asri Medan is outdoor recreation located in the center of urban residence. It maintains a microclimate for the residents and visitors. Hence they feel comfortable. The presence of prohibition boards in outdoor recreation informs the essential meaning and value of outdoor recreation. This study aimed to analyze the role of the verbal and visual signs toward microclimate maintenance at Taman Burung Cemara Asri, Medan. It was a qualitative study, and the ethnography method was applied to collect and analyze the data. The data were verbal and visual signs in outdoor recreation at Taman Burung Taman Burung Cemara Asri, interview, and participant observation. It is known that the verbal and visual signs have an important role for human activity (visitors and residents) related to their behavior in treating the environment well. Maintaining the condition of the physical elements of the micro-climate creates comfort for visitors and residents at Taman Burung Cemara Asri Medan.


It is widely recognized that literary translation, as distinct from other kinds of translation, requires its own methods and approaches. It is perhaps not so widely acknowledged that different literary genres also require different approaches. This paper deals with specific problems and techniques in the translation into English of different genres of mainland Chinese literature since the early 1970s. In particular, I shall focus on poems by Bei Dao (pen-name of Zhao Zhenkai) and Qiu Xiaolong; short stories by Bei Dao, Wan Zhi (pen-name of Chen Maiping), Xia Ge (pen-name of Chen Kaige) and Ah Cheng (pen-name of Zhong Acheng); the play If I Were Real by Sha Yexin and others; and the scripts of two films directed by Chen Kaige.


In this paper,the technical regulation of CAN Bus network is lucubrated.The corresponding communication protocol is established,according to the J1939 application layer protocol.The lighting control system CAN network based on the P87C591 MCU is developed.The experiment results indicate that the running condition of the lighting control network is satisfactory.


The driving waveforms of some CCD are bipolar and their voltage range is much wider. However, the integrated circuits for CCD driving are usually single power supplied and the operate voltage sometimes can not satisfy the requirement. So a new CCD power driving circuit is designed. The techniques of capacitive coupling and clamp using diode are adopted to shift the voltage level of timing signals. Two complementary transistors are used to generate the final driving signal wave when they turn on and off alter- nately. The reliability could increase and the cost of the system could be reduced because fewer components are used in the circuit. The circuit is analyzed in detail and is simulated in the software OrCAD PSpice AD of Cadence corporation. The experiment shows that the circuit works same with the simulation result. Thus this circuit could be used to implement the CCD power driving when the driving integrated circuit can not satisfy the requirement.


ZnO nanoparticles are a challenging material to disperse and stabilize due to their high density, tendency to aggregate and chemical properties. Manufactured ZnO nanoparticles often posses a high degree of size and shape dispersity, adding additional complexity to both sample preparation and subsequent characterization. In this paper, procedures for achieving stable and representative dispersions of ZnO nanoparticles from commercially available sources are discussed, and the average particle size determined from dynamic light scattering measurements is qualitatively evaluated against transmission electron microscopy images. The results highlight a number of important issues that need to be taken into consideration when performing a metrological assessment of particle sizes and size distributions in such systems.


Automated modeling of appropriate and valid document descriptions is a central issue for the benefit and success of an ontologybased personal document management system. One of the more practical problems is the deduction of knowledge from partly large but varying, ambiguous, or domain specific information sources (metadata, attributes, features, etc.). The generation process, which requires transformation and reasoning techniques, primarily depends on the application context and should be customized accordingly. Furthermore, automatically generated and deduced information needs appropriate cleaning and consolidation to maintain a certain level of data quality. Therefore, this paper presents a stepwise knowledge modeling approach based on consecutive stages and separated, configurable rule sets. Following the principle of divide-and-conquer, the suggested approach separately addresses the problems of general translation of diverse information sources, syntax check, normalization, and duplication and conflict handling.


OBJECTIVE To select the optimum conditions for the spray granulation of Guyanning Granules.METHODS The process was studied by orthogonal experimental design,Newly-Fluid-bed-spray-drier-granulation technique was adopted and relative ratio of the extractive,temperature of entry and blast pressure as inspecting factors,three levels of each factors,end-product and the water content of semi-finished Guyanning Granules as inspecting marker.RESULTS The relative ratio of the extractive and blast pressure was most notable(0.01P0.05).However,temperature of entry was of little importance(P0.05).CONCLUSION The optimum spraying granulation technique of Guyanning Granules is A3B1C3.


Hancock and Larner (2007) recently examined the accuracy of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) assessment for the diagnosis of dementia in a memory disorders clinic. ADLs were not very helpful, regardless of whether basic (BADL), Instrumental (IADL), or combined measures were used. They conclude that their data 'provide empirical support for revised criteria for dementia which do not require functional decline'. Many issues remain to be addressed before this conclusion can be accepted. First, the authors acknowledge a strong association between executive function and functional outcomes. However, they do not seem to have considered whether executively impaired persons can be trusted to provide valid self-report on ADL, or other measures. That such self-report is discouraged is implied by their clinic's policy 'to request that all patients bring another person with them to provide collateral history'. However, executive impairment is common even among the spouses of elderly patients (Schillerstrom et al., 2005). It would have been interesting to collect cognitive testing on these informants before accepting their report. Short of that, they might have tested whether care-giver relationship (child vs 'other') moderates the apparent association between cognition and IADL in their sample. Performance based functional measures would eliminate this problem, and offer an unbiased assessment of functional capacity. Furthermore, young adult norms should be used to calculate the threshold for impairment (Royall, 2006). Second, they did not specify how the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual's requirement that cognitive impairments be associated with impairments in 'community and occupational functioning' was rated, especially if blind to ADL testing. It would have been useful to test the concordance between blinded ratings of impairment in community and occupational functioning (used for purposes of DSM clinical


In the Arabic world, people speak two languages fluently: classical Arabic and slang Arabic. Being able to use slang Arabic terms in Web search queries will be considered a huge leap in modern research on Arabic information retrieval. It would be more comfortable to Arab Web users to obtain the required information available on the Web using slang Arabic queries. This research paper completes the work that was started a year ago in which the ultimate goal of this ongoing project is to design and build a system that is fully capable of replacing Arabic slang-based queries with their equivalent classical terms. The work that has been done in this paper aims to simplify the task for Arab Web users via enabling them to use their slang Arabic to make Web queries. This work provides promising results and shows that people who do not know how to write classical queries can use their slang language directly.


Herbal.Mednet project aims to design an e-learning training program for advisors and trainers in the field of organic Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) in order to equip them with knowledge, competences and skills necessary for providing a support and technical and managerial assistance to producers, processors and traders of organic medicinal and aromatic plants domain. The results showed that more than 65% of the participants are quite familiar with using competences to describe a job profile, hence the overall feedback is of high importance.Almost of all users respond that competences are very useful in the thematic area of organic MAPs.The most of survey participants (over 65%) already are familiar and use the competence to describe job opportunities, and believe that it is a useful tool. From the results, it can be seen that the competence list that is been identified and is being used by the Herbal.Mednet consortium, reflects the needs in the organic MAPs job profiles.


This article explains about the different types of highway, highway development in India and mainly explains about the various highway material used for the construction. Selected material was taken and analyzing the test results. In this the following test was conducted, in aggregate Abrasion Test, Aggregate Impact Test,Shape Test(Flakiness Index), Shape Test (Elongation Index), Aggregate Crushing Strength Test ,Specific Gravity & Absorption of Coarse Aggregate and the test of bitumen are Penetration Test,Softening Point of Bitumen, Flash and Fire Point Tests, Viscosity Test, Ductility Test,Specific Gravity of Bitumen. The soil strength for foundation layer tests with California Bearing Ratio Test. The test result shows all materials having good quality, so it can be used for construction of highway


The total syntheses of fluorantheno[1,2-b]thiophene and fluorantheno[3,2-b]thiophene are reported. The common cyclobutanone intermediate which was obtained by [2 + 2] addition of fluorenylidene ketene with 2,3-dihydrothiophene underwent regioselectively α or β ring opening to lead to linear or angular PAC skeleton molecules under desired conditions. 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone was applied for aromatization to achieve the formation of PAC's. These two isosteres exhibit very similar uv/visible spectra to benzo[a] and [b]fluoranthenes respectively. Spectroscopic data used for their structural assignments is also discussed.


A common assumption made in structural approaches to empirical strategy research in marketing is that firms and consumers satisfy the assumptions of dynamic optimality when making decisions. When faced with problems of how best to allocate resources, firms are assumed consider the future consequences of different strategic options and, in each point in time, choose the option that maximizes long-term utility. The validity of such assumptions, however, is often called into question by behavioral researchers who point to work in psychology that finds that assumptions of optimality are frequently violated in experimental settings. If this is indeed the case, it would lend support to approaches that argue that markets have inefficiencies that can be discovered and exploited by simpler, largely correlational, methods. In this article, the authors attempt to reconcile these contrasting views by proposing a framework for assessing when assumptions of dynamic optimality are likely to be good ones and when they are likely to be untenable in empirical analysis.


Kidney images are depicted at two time points (t0, t1). While the left kidney moves up, the right one moves down between the two time points. Green lines serve as crossreference lines. Impact of Volume-of-Interest limited Registration to DCE-MRI of Human Kidney Frank G Zöllner, Marcel Reich, and Lothar R Schad Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany


One embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for determining an anterior surface parameter or a posterior surface parameter of an eye's corrective surface (eg, a custom contact lens "CCL" (custom intraocular lens) from a wavefront aberration measurement of the eye. Preferred embodiments relate to determining the front surface parameters of a dry CCL designed to operate at 555 nm. The algorithm establishes a method that includes misalignment correction, chromatic aberration correction, and power variation correction due to the difference between the aberration measurement wavelength and the peak field of view wavelength and the difference between the aberration measurement position and the aberration correction position. Device reading media is the preferred medium for the algorithm. Wavefront Aberration, Chromatic Aberration, Magnification Variation, Calibration, Surface Parameters, Device Reading Media


A special place in the industrial enterprise's financial relations belongs to the relationship with the State budget and the earmarked budgetary and non-budgetary funds regarding the tax and fees charges and payments. These relationships arise from the moment the enterprise was created and continue throughout the entire period of its operation. Determining the amount of taxes and fees that an enterprise should pay based on the results of its activities, ensuring the timeliness and completeness of tax calculations, forming tax potential, assessing it and optimizing the tax burden (tax planning) are important areas of work for the financial services of an industrial enterprise.


In this paper, we propose effective modeling and novel spectral-based propagation schemes to address the general problems of time-dependent quantum simulations. The integral solution of the time-ordered evolution operator is obtained accurately via direct Hamiltonian diagonalizations performed using the new eigenvalue solver FEAST. In addition, we have designed a new highly efficient basis transformed propagation scheme (BTPS) which reduces considerably the simulation times needed by time intervals. These numerical schemes are applied to study the AC response of a (5,5) carbon nanotube within a 3D real-space mesh framework, and obtaining the kinetic inductance.


In the scientific literature on the Yalta conference of leaders of the three powers of the coalition there are no studies that reveal its naval aspects. Meanwhile, among the issues that had significance for the Soviet delegation, they held even if not the first priority, but were quite prominent. In the Russian historiography attention to these matters appeared only in the early 1990s, most likely because the Soviet side in negotiations had a negative impact on the formation of the post-war world order. Contemporary Russian historians are in line with the tradition, a feature of which was a lack of attention to the maritime policy of the Soviet Union, especially in the 1921 - 1955. It is clear, however, that projects of this scale, which required the mobilization of all resources of the Soviet state, creation of the most advanced shipbuilding and entirely new industries for the country and high-tech industries, could not arise in a vacuum. Behind this processes were certain political goals, and when the war began Stalin stopped work on the first "big shipbuilding program" though it did not mean that he refused them. This hypothesis is based and presented in this article.


We present a theoretical study of the rapid thermal annealing process and strain on the electronic, optical, and charge dynamical properties of type II GaSb/GaAs quantum dots (QDs). Our theoretical results show a blueshift and the enhancement of interband absorption spectrum because of inter-diffusion processes and the annealed samples. We have identified that increased annealing temperature makes the hole escape times from such QD shorter while the effect of strain on the hole confinement potential becomes weaker. At the same time, in both structures, unstrained and strained QDs, the intra-band absorption in the valence band (IVBA) is redshifted, and its magnitude is decreased after annealing when compared with the as-grown sample. To explain those effects we discuss how the electron–hole wave function overlap varies with thermal treatment and strain and discussed those effects on radiative and thermal processes. Our results explain and are in agreement with the recent experimental observations on similar structures. We have identified that holes could thermally escape out of the type II GaSb/GaAs QD before they are recombined and will contribute to the enhancement in absorption of QD solar cells. The emission and tunneling times of holes were estimated to be <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ 10^{-12}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-14}$</tex-math></inline-formula> s about one order of magnitude faster than the escape times because of radiative recombination processes, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ 10^{-11}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-13}$</tex-math></inline-formula> s.


Thank you for downloading more damned lies and statistics how numbers confuse public issues. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this more damned lies and statistics how numbers confuse public issues, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


Adhesively bonded lap joints involve dissimilar material junctions and sharp changes in geometry, possibly leading to premature failure. Although the finite element method is well suited to model the bonded lap joints, traditional finite elements are incapable of correctly resolving the stress state at junctions of dissimilar materials because of the unbounded nature of the stresses. In order to facilitate the use of bonded lap joints in future structures, this study presents a finite element technique utilizing a global (special) element coupled with traditional elements. The global element includes the singular behavior at the junction of dissimilar materials with or without traction-free surfaces.


We present model calculations demonstrating new density and temperature sensitive ratios of groups of F- and Ne-like Xe lines which are suitable for diagnosing plasma conditions. The method is illustrated by using [ital L]-shell Xe emission to infer [ital T][sub [ital e]] in the fuel region of indirectly driven plastic capsules filled with deuterium and doped with 0.1% Ar and 0.02% Xe. The technique uses tractable atomic models and appears scalable to other Ne-like ions.


The exclusion of Russia from the Bologna process creates serious challenges for the higher education system. The beginning reform will affect the whole institution of higher learning of our country. This, in turn, opens up new opportunities to improve the efficiency of the entire system. The introduction of three basic elements, namely: a bank of pedagogical ideas, a triple helix model and a system for introducing creative technologies into the educational process, can allow us to form a qualitatively new level of training of specialists in the country.


Organisms exhibit a specific form of biological individuality. In contemporary biosciences, explanations of organismic dynamics are often reduced to mechanistic descriptions. It is taken for granted that complex biological processes of different kinds are reducible to molecular and other "mechanisms". In this paper, I show (1) that organisms express a form of individuality that is realized by a particular kind of causality and (2) that organismic causality transcends the logic of mechanisms used in contemporary biosciences. Based on new insights about organismic dynamics as well as Jakob von Uexkull's concept of "Umwelt" (meaningful environment), I analyze organismic causality and show that the latter constitutes a form of selfhood alien to both inorganic nature and mechanisms.


BACKGROUND
Depression and anxiety are common in patients with breast cancer and associated with worse quality of life and treatment outcomes. Yet, these symptoms are often underrecognized and undermanaged in oncology practice. The objective of this study was to describe depression and anxiety severity and associated patient factors during adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with early breast cancer using repeated single-item reports.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Depression and anxiety were measured from consecutive patients and their clinicians during chemotherapy infusion visits. Associations between psychiatric symptoms and patient characteristics were assessed using Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and t tests for continuous variables. The joint relationship of covariates significant in unadjusted analyses was evaluated using log-binomial regression. Cohen's kappa was used to assess agreement between patient- and clinician-reported symptoms.

RESULTS
In a sample of 256 patients, 26% reported at least moderately severe depression, and 41% reported at least moderately severe anxiety during chemotherapy, representing a near doubling in the prevalence of these symptoms compared with before chemotherapy. Patient-provider agreement was fair (depression: κ = 0.31; anxiety: κ = 0.28). More severe psychiatric symptoms were associated with being unmarried, having worse function, endorsing social activity limitations, using psychotropic medications, and having a mental health provider. In multivariable analysis, social activity limitations were associated with more severe depression (relative risk [RR], 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-3.45) and anxiety (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.05-2.09).

CONCLUSION
Oncologists frequently underestimate patients' depression and anxiety and should consider incorporating patient-reported outcomes to enhance monitoring of mental health symptoms.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
In this sample of 256 patients with breast cancer, depression and anxiety, measured using single-item toxicity reports completed by patients and providers, were very common during adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patient-reported depression and anxiety of at least moderate severity were associated with multiple objective indicators of psychiatric need. Unfortunately, providers underrecognized the severity of their patients' mental health symptoms. The use of patient-reported, single-item toxicity reports can be incorporated into routine oncology practice and provide clinically meaningful information regarding patients' psychological health.


The article is devoted to the study of problematic issues of the development of contractual lease relations for land resources in Ukraine. Thus, the effective functioning of the land market is now experiencing obstacles due to the imperfection of the system, gaps in the current legislation, the incompleteness of the process of transformation of economic and legal relations of land ownership, etc. As of the present, changes in the direction of reforming the relations of land resources continue in Ukraine, however, there remains a crisis state of the situation in this area, which impedes the development of productive forces and the formation of sustainable land use. It has been established that contractual lease land relations are a combination of complex and multifaceted phenomena and a progressive form of management. At its core, rent is a flexible tool in the formation of a new structure of agricultural production and the implementation of socio-economic programs. The author has identified a set of mandatory elements of contractual lease relations for land resources and a reasoned list of factors on which the further development of these relations depends. In addition, it was noted that the improvement of contractual lease relations regarding land resources in the context of the transformation of national legislation and European integration is both a political and economic issue that concerns not only land owners and future buyers, but without exaggeration affects the interests of the whole society as a whole. Compare the categories: land lease and emphyteusis, in order to determine the benefits available. It was found that the mechanism of contractual lease relations for land resources needs further effective changes, despite the existing number of legislative acts in this area. In addition, on the basis of the study and the resulting conclusions, the author proposed the most important, in his opinion, steps to achieve positive results of reforming and further development of contractual lease relations regarding land resources. The development of strategic principles for the development of contractual lease relations for land resources, the substantiation of the economic mechanisms of their socialization, greening and state regulation are seen as prospects for further scientific research in this direction.

Key words: lease, contract, lease relations, emphyteusis, land market.