Objective
To explore the efficacy of thematic health education on breast cancer patients with whole course of disease management.

Methods
According to the order of admission into the hospital, 100 breast cancer patients were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the observation group. In the control group, clinical nursing pathway was adopted when health education was conducted. In the observation group, thematic health education based on the whole course of disease management was carried out. Mastery of disease knowledge, health-promoting behaviors and degree of anxiety were compared between the two groups.

Results
The total score of the survey on the observation group and the scores of Disease Risk Factors, Functional Training and Observation and Protection of Complication (90.00±11.75, 18.05±4.33, 19.01±4.20, 18.68±0.07) were all higher than those of the control group (86.68±9.340, 16.12±2.86, 17.22±2.83, 15.43±6.78); the differences were statistically significant (t=2.641-9.171, P<0.05) .The total score of the observation group in The Healthy Living Style Scale and the scores in different dimensions were all higher than those of the control group; the differences were statistically significant (t=2.347-6.653, P<0.05 or 0.01) .The score of the Self-rating Anxiety Scale of the observation group after completing all the chemotherapy periods (48.20±4.03) was lower than that of the control group after three chemotherapy periods (53.56±2.84) ;the differences were statistically significant (t=7.028, P<0.05) ; in these two tests, the group differences in scores between the two groups are also statistically significant (t=2.050, 11.560, P<0.05 or 0.01) .

Conclusion
Conducting thematic health education on the breast cancer patients based on the whole course of disease management can effectively improve the patients′ mastery of disease knowledge, improve their health-promoting behaviors, relieve their anxiety and help them recover physically and mentally.

Key words:
Breast neoplasms; Health education; Thematic


Preface - Acknowledgements - Notes on the Editors and Contributors - Introduction D.T.Llewellyn - PART 1 THE REGULATION AND OPERATION OF FINANCIAL MARKETS - UK Banking Supervision and the Johnson Matthey Affair M.J.B.Hall - Strutural Changes in the British Capital Markets C.Goodhart - Personal Financial Services in the United States: A Transatlantic Perspective M.Lewis - The Variability of Monetary Growth in France and the UK, 1970-84 D.Cobham and J-M.Serre - PART 2 MODELLING MONEY AND BANKING - Buffer Stock Money: An Appraisal K.Cuthbertson and M.P.Taylor - Disequilibrium Money: Some further Results with a monetary model of the UK J.Davidson - In What Sense Do Compulsory Ratios Reduce the Volume of Deposits A.S.Courakis - PART 3 MODELLING FINANCIAL MARKETS - Rational Forecasts in Models of the Term Structure of Interest Rates R.T.Baillie and P.C.McMahon - Did High Powered Money Rule the Roost?: Monetary Policy, Private Behaviour and the Structure of Interest Rates in the United Kingdom: 1972-77 C.J.Green - Variability in some major UK Asset Markets since the mid-1960s: An application of the Arch Model R.Dickens


Abstract Two property owners, Hatfield and McCoy, agreed in restrictive covenants that neither would erect a gas station on his land. But in contrast to their agreeing on the covenants, they have a history of conflict and intentional lack of cooperation. In all probability, Hatfield and McCoy will refuse to comply with the covenants and will ferociously resist the other's private efforts to enforce the covenants to the harm of each other and their innocent neighbors. The question is: Can and should cities have the power to enforce violated restrictive covenants between private property owners such as Hatfield and McCoy when enforcement would promote the objectives of the comprehensive plan and complement the powers contained in the zoning ordinance?


Insulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE) is a ubiquitously expressed metalloproteinase responsible for the intracellular degradation of insulin. IDE also interacts with other members of the insulin superfamily, including relaxin, but no studies have been reported regarding the interaction of other relaxin‐like peptides with IDE. In this study, we determined that relaxin, relaxin‐3, and InsL3 all competitively inhibited the degradation of insulin by IDE to different degrees, and all inhibited covalent cross‐linking of insulin to IDE. Each of the peptides was degraded by IDE to various degrees (insulin > relaxin > InsL3 = relaxin‐3). In summary, relaxin, InsL3, and relaxin‐3 all bound to IDE, competed for the binding and degradation of insulin, and were all substrates for the proteolytic activity of IDE. Therefore, it is possible that in addition to insulin, IDE may be important for the cellular proteolysis of relaxin, InsL3, and relaxin‐3.


Time-resolved in situ x-ray diffraction measurements were used to study the room-temperature recrystallization kinetics of electroplated copper thin films with thicknesses between 400 and 1000 nm. The thinnest films exhibited limited recrystallization and subsequent growth of grains, while recrystallized grains in the thicker films grew until all as-plated microstructure was consumed. For all films, recrystallized grains that belonged to the majority texture component, ⟨111⟩, started growing after the shortest incubation time. These grains exhibited volumetric growth until they achieved the film thickness. After this point the growth mode became planar, with the ⟨111⟩-type grains growing in the plane of the film. Grains with the ⟨100⟩ direction normal to the film surface started growing after the ⟨111⟩-type grains switched to planar growth. However, the planar growth of this texture component finished at the same time as the growth of the ⟨111⟩ grains. Profile fitting of the 111 peak permitted the separat...


We have taken resonance Raman spectra and made absolute Raman cross section measurements at six excitation wavelengths for 1-iodopropane. The resonance Raman spectra have most of their Raman intensity in features that may be assigned as fundamentals, overtones, and combination bands of three Franck–Condon active vibrational modes (the nominal C–I stretch, the nominal CCC bend, and the nominal CCI bend) for the trans and gauche conformations of 1-iodopropane. The resonance Raman and absorption cross sections of the trans and gauche conformations of 1-iodopropane were simulated using a simple model and time-dependent wave packet calculations. The results of the simulations were used in conjunction with the vibrational normal-mode coefficients to find the short-time photodissociation dynamics of trans and gauche conformers of 1-iodopropane in terms of internal coordinate changes. The trans and gauche conformers display significantly different Franck–Condon region photodissociation dynamics, which indicates t...


In general hospital emergency departments (EDs), management of psychiatric crises is challenging. We analyzed issues related to use of psychiatric assessment rooms using semistructured interviews with adult, male, suicidal ED patients, and ED staff (physicians, nurses, and others). An iterative, thematic analytic process was employed. Although ED psychiatric assessment rooms were designed to provide a safe and therapeutic environment, participants held negative attitudes about the physical attributes and the emotional responses to these rooms. Many patients presented at the ED because they were alone, scared, and lacking social supports, but felt punished when assigned to a psychiatric room. Physical separation and observation were said to escalate symptoms leading participants to question the therapeutic value of the rooms. Although believed to be in the best interest of patients and staff, these rooms may have an unintended negative impact. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 8:264–273 (2008)]


WT5"BZ]Lime nitrogen can prevent soil acidification. Soil conductance hardly varied and formation of NO 3 - was inhabited after lime nitrogen is applied, also some pest and virus in soil and weeds could be killed. Yields were raised and quality was improved when it was applied on spinach, soybean and strawberry. N utilization by spinach from lime nitrogen was higher than urea. [WT5"HZ]


The recent establishment of the National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module in the United States affords an opportunity to compare results with those of other developed nations.


The dirt on tomatoes A documentary by Sarah Jane Phelan Abusaba Abstract This documentary explores the evolution of the tomato from a wild hairy berry to a smooth industrial mainstay of modern living. Master gardeners, tomato geneticists and industrial growers share their knowledge of a plant whose ancestors hail from South America and whose early descendants invoked love and fear in 16 th century Europe. Eventually tomatoes became accepted as versatile and nutritious ingredient in just about every cuisine in the world, their seeds even went into space, and today industrial farmers grow them without soil inside climate-controlled greenhouses. Yet despite their apparent evolutionary success, modern tomatoes represent a genetic bottleneck and most of them lack innate resistance to disease, bugs and climate extremes—traits that researchers discovered still exist in their wild relatives in South America. But even as geneticists try to breed wild tomatoes with their domesticated relatives to produce tomatoes that can survive in future, they discover that urbanization and modern agriculture is eating up wild tomato habitat—further jeopardizing the hunt for lost biodiversity. Total running time: 21 minutes 20 seconds (Including 40 seconds of credits)


In this study we have compared Czech and Russian valency frames based on monolingual and bilingual data. We assume that Czech and Russian are close enough to have, for the majority of their verbs, similar valency structures . We have exploited Vallex as a source of valency frames and have used a Czech-Russian dictionary to automatically translate Czech verbs into Russian. Afterwards, we have manually checked whether the Czech frame fits the Russian verb and, in case it was different, we have added the verb to the set that will be described in our paper. We suggest that there is a connection between the semantic class of some verbs and the type of difference between their Czech and Russian valency frames.


Landfill leachate has a complex composition requiring experimental support to formulate a sustainable treatment strategy. This study utilized the particle size distribution (PSD) of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) content, to assess the profile of biodegradable and inert COD fractions; it also emphasized the functions and benefits of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration modules coupled to an activated sludge process. The evaluation profited from the field data of a landfill site in Istanbul, where the leachate was actually treated in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) plant.COD and total nitrogen levels fluctuated between 10 100–31 200 mg L–1 and 1300–2800 mg L–1, respectively. PSD analysis for COD, conducted at two extremes, displayed similar results, where the majority of the COD was observed to accumulate at the low extremity of the particle size, 70–72% below 2 nm. Therefore, direct membrane filtration of leachate yielded low COD removals, limited to 9% with ultrafiltration and to 31–35% with nanofiltration. COD fractionation indicated a ratio of 5% for the inert COD in leachate. The permeate COD of ultrafiltration in the existing plant was 2000 mg L–1, much higher than the inert fraction ratio, which was further reduced to 266 mg L–1 by nanofiltration.PSD analysis was an integral complement of respirometry, for establishing size‐biodegradation relationships of different COD fractions. It located the majority of soluble COD fractions below 0.55 nm, implying the necessity of a biological process. PSD also identified generation of soluble residual metabolic products indicating that residual COD escaping treatment would be equally significant as the removal potential of the biodegradable substrate.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


We make a positive analysis of the impact of market structure and political preferences on a (local) government's decision to outsource public service using the framework of Hart, Shleifer and Vishny (1997). We argue that although outsourcing is more attractive when the privte market is competitive, the outsourcing decision will be the same in a competitive as in a monopolistic market. Second, we analyze how the price paid in a private monopoly market depends on how much the government cares about the benefits of the public service, and we provide conditions for when a "leftist, public service loving" politician outsources to a lower price. When this is the case and outsourcing is a salient issue in an election, the median voter prefers a more "leftist" government to be in charge of the outsourcing.


Job rotation, where a principal routinely rotates agents among tasks, is argued to be a powerful antidote for agency problems inside an organization. However, when soft information dominates transactions inside a firm, verifying the information set that led to a particular decision becomes difficult. This difficulty imposes costs on job rotation since an incoming agent cannot verify the information set that the outgoing agent utilized when arriving at a key decision. This lack of verifiability distorts incentives for effort when a decision straddles two agents since neither agent receives the entire marginal cost/benefit of her effort. In this study, we highlight this cost of rotation policies. We use unique data on over 50,000 loans sanctioned by 51 loan officers of a large public sector bank in India, which follows a fixed-tenure-based policy of loan officer rotation. We find default probabilities to be about 8% higher for loans that are likely to straddle an incoming and an outgoing loan officer when compared to other loans. This difference does not stem from any differences in hard information captured in borrowers' credit histories or from loan officer rotation destroying lending relationships. Finally, we find evidence of credit rationing as well as the new loan officer rejects 7% more loans for borrowers who have borrowed during the straddling period.


: The proposed system in this paper provides heart attack detection system and reporting over web server using Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller and ESP8266 Node MCU Wi-Fi module. The proposed system utilizes multiple sensors that sense the physical parameters and pass on to the microcontroller. The physical parameters are converted to electrical signals with the help of controller and then relay triggers the pump depending upon the condition. The Node MCU ESP8266 Wi-Fi module sends data over the cloud.


Abstract Monte Carlo methods are used to examine the small-sample properties of various estimators of asymptotic prediction variance (APV) from the regression model with autoregressive errors. Two practical estimators of APV, one of which includes terms reflecting parameter estimation and one of which excludes these terms, are compared to the mean squared error of prediction for regression models with different autocorrelation of the errors, different sample sizes, and different period-ahead predictions. The inclusion of terms reflecting the estimation of parameters is found to be worthwhile, particularly in small samples.


We all start from "naive realism," i.e., the doctrine that things are what they seem. We think that grass is green, that stones are hard, and that snow is cold. But science assures us that the greenness of grass, the hardness of stones, and the coldness of snow, are not the greenness, hardness, and coldness that we know in our own experience, but something very different. The observer, when he seems to himself to be observing a stone, is really, if physics is to be believed, observing the effects of the stone upon himself. Naive realism leads to science, and science, if true, shows that naive realism is false. Therefore, naive realism, if true, is false; therefore it is false. (1950, 15)


Numerous anti-epileptic drugs now exist worldwide for the treatment of epilepsy. With the availability of second- and third-generation antiepileptic medications, many factors may need to be considered in choosing the most appropriate treatment for an individual based on the tolerability, efficacy, and cost. This review highlights the treatment options and provides insights into how to choose among the various medications available.


The fan blades of RB211-535E4 are the first generation of wide-chord fan blades, which provide significant advantages in lower weight and stronger strength. It is important to take correct maintenance for the fan blades after long time use. This article introduces some methods and actions to be taken during maintenance practice to maintain the high efficiency, low vibration and high reliability for fan blades.


. The light curves of EGS Ajisai with temporal resolution of 20 ms referred to the time scale UTC (GPS) with an error of at most 0.1 ms were obtained. The observed flashes are produced when the mirrors which cover the spinning satellite's surface reflect off the sunlight. In previous paper the analysis of sequence of flashes allowed of reconstructing the arrangement and orientation of the mirrors, i.e. developing an opto-geometric model of the satellite (Korobeynikova et al., 2012), and to apply that model along with new photometric observations to determine the satellite's sidereal rotational period with an accuracy that was previously unachievable. for determination of the spin-axis orientation during each passage of the satellite over an observation site was developed. The secular slowdown of the satellite's spin rate (Р sid = 1.4858  EXP(0.000041099  T), where Т is measured in days counted from the date of the satellite launch) and its variations correlating with the average duration of the satellite orbit out of the Earth's shadow were refined. New parameters of the spin-axis precession were estimated: the period P prec = 116.44 days, α prec = 18.0 h , δ prec = 87.66°, the nutation angle θ


The paper discusses the stabilisation of psychotic fragmentation which can occur in psychoanalytic treatments of patients with psychosis. The paper examines the writing practice of James Joyce with reference to its construction of Joyce as the artist and the manner in which he uses his continuous writing practice to inscribe himself and his name into literary history. The clinical significance of this practice is examined according to the theory of writing as a stabilising symptom, drawing on the work of Jacques Lacan in his later seminars.


How do people attribute responsibility when an outcome is not caused by a single person but results from a decision chain involving several people? We study this question in an experiment, in which five voters sequentially decide on how to distribute money between them and five recipients. The recipients can reward or punish each voter, which measures responsibility attribution. In the aggregate, we find that responsibility is attributed mostly according to the voters' choices and the pivotality of the decision, but not for being the initial voter. On the individual level, we find substantial heterogeneity with three overall patterns: Little to no responsibility attribution, pivotality-driven, and focus on choices. These patterns are similar when praising voters for good outcomes and blaming voters for bad outcomes.


Information technology has made mobile banking easy, convenient and accessible to 178 million unique mobile subscribers base in Indonesia. Out of this 50 million are smartphone users and collectively about 132 million are internet users . This rising trend has been forcing 120 commercial banks  in the country to ramp up their mobile-based banking initiatives. However, in contrast to it, only 50 million have bank accounts out of 250 million Indonesian population size . This poses a few challenges to digital adoption using mobile as medium, especially when a limited number of people have bank accounts and the cost of internet is high due to geographical, infrastructural spread and cost barriers. The purpose of this study is to unearth such factors that have - direct or indirect - influence on consumer acceptance for mobile banking applications. This research model examines 205 respondents from online surveys in Jabodetabek, Indonesia. To conduct this study, we have used Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model that helps in understanding perceived credibility and perceived self-efficacy variables and their roles in influencing the adoption for m-banking. Data was analysed using Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The findings suggest that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence have a significant effect on behavioral intention. Performance expectancy is the factor that mostly influences behavior intention. It can also be stated that behavioral intention, facilitating condition and habit – all of these have a significant effect on reuse behavior.


ing protocols (akin to controlled flooding). We believe that such protocols may be useful for some classes of applications and that, in terms of their performance, they need not significantly yield to more complex schemes based on point-to-point transmission. This belief is supported by our recently proposed ad-hoc routing protocol , called TARP, which also benefits from the idea of fuzzy acknowledgments introduced in this paper.


This study was undertaken to examine the sequential pathological study of fowl typhoid disease in experimentally infected chicks. A total of 40 chicken feed samples was randomly collected from different shops in Ihiala market and screened for Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum using pour plate method. The isolate obtained was characterized and identified using the morphological and biochemical characteristics. The pathogenic potential of the isolate on day old chicks was investigated by challenging the day old chicks orally using 0.5ml of the inoculum (10 8 cells/ml). All the chicks were kept under complete examination for 2 weeks for obvious pathological signs and lesions. Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum was detected in 13(32.5%) chicken feed samples analyzed. Obvious pathological signs and lesions were significantly (P˂0.5) seen among the infected chicks whereas the non-infected chicks showed no obvious pathological signs. The internal organs (liver and spleen) of the infected chicks showed significant (P˂0.5) viable counts of the challenged organism, which was mostly recorded in the spleen. This study has shown that Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum isolated from chicken feed samples exhibited reasonable pathological features among the infected chicks.


In this paper we enhance the mediation approach for interoperability in dynamic manufacturing networks (DMN) by decreasing the number of iterations that should be performed in order to find the right adaptation function between an expected message and the incoming ones. Then, we define a deployment architecture for mediators in dynamic collaboration environments that better handles the changes that could occur at run-time. We then conduct a set of experiments that demonstrate the efficiency of the introduced approach and architecture.


Aim: To assess the effects of dexamethasone treatment on collagen turnover in preterm infants. Methods: The serum concentrations of the amino‐terminal propeptide of type I and III procollagens (PINP and PIIINP), which reflect rates of type I and III collagen synthesis, respectively, and the carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I procollagen (ICTP), which reflects the rate of type I collagen degradation, were monitored in 13 preterm infants receiving dexamethasone and 13 matched control infants without glucocorticoid treatment for a total period of 12 mo. Dexamethasone was started at a median age of 12 d and continued at tapering doses for a median total duration of 10 d. Blood samples were taken immediately after birth, at 7, 14 and 28 d of age and at 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mo. The same markers were also measured just before the initiation of dexamethasone and on days 1, 3, and 7 of treatment. Results: A striking decrease in all of the markers was already observed in every case on day 1 of dexamethasone, the suppression being greatest on day 3 and still considerable on day 7. The percentages from the pretreatment levels recorded on days 1, 3 and 7 were: for PINP 51, 26 and 45%; for PIIINP 63, 44% and 52%; and for ICTP 64, 41 and 51%. A rebound rise in PINP levels was seen in dexamethasone‐treated infants, the levels exceeding those of the controls at 3 and 6 mo of age. A similar phenomenon was noted concerning PIIINP at 3 mo. The levels settled down at 9 and 12 mo.


This work presents an aggressive GaN-on-Si device model used to accurately predict transient switchedmode device behavior. The time-domain compatible, scalable, Angelov model is used to design a transformercoupled class D switched-mode power amplifier. Simulation and measurement results report the GaN power device's intrinsic device efficiency to be 62% when operating as a switch at 2.25Gb/s. The 2-transistor PA topology demonstrates 29.5% efficiency at maximum power, and processes a single-carrier WCDMA waveform with -40.4dBc ACPR1.


The objective of this work is to develop a novel system for regenerable SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} scrubbing of flue gas that focuses on (a) a novel method for regeneration of spent SO{sub 2} scrubbing liquor and (b) novel chemistry for reversible absorption of NO{sub x}. In addition, high efficiency hollow fiber contactors (HFC) are proposed as the devices for scrubbing the SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} from the flue gas. The system will be designed to remove more than 95% of the SO{sub x} and more than 75% of the NO{sub x} from flue gases typical of pulverized coal-fired power plants at a cost that is at least 20% less than combined wet limestone scrubbing of SO{sub x} and selective catalytic reduction of NO{sub x}. In addition, the process will make only marketable byproducts, if any (no waste streams). Work will be conducted in a 60-month period (5/92 to 4/97), encompassing 16 tasks. In Task 8, (Integrated NO{sub x} life tests), the authors have presented the modified experimental arrangement for testing the efficacy of Co(II)-phthalocyanine solution for NO{sub x} absorption as well as desorption over extended periods of time. This arrangement allows them to automatically acquire data andmore » control process parameters. They obtained absorption/desorption data over a period of 140 hours. The data exhibits average NO removal rates of 50%. In order to increase the overall efficiency of the system, they have designed and built a new desorption section with increased mass transfer area. In Task 9, (scalable modules), the authors presented the design details of the rectangular scalable modules. Also, they tested the apparatus with SO{sub 2}/water system. The performance of the device was affected by varying either gas or water flow rates. SO{sub 2} removal rates close to 90% were obtained at 20 SLPM gas flow rates.« less


Worldwide, as conventional oil resources are depleted, beam pumping system is becoming the common type of artificial lift method for onshore wells. Production testing of beam pumped wells is an important diagnostic tool to detect potential production problem and for monitoring reservoir performance. In addition, the well test data and the inflow performance relationship (IPR) combined with the production system. Also when larger population of beam pumping wells are connected to central batteries, it is difficult to determine the daily production of each well or to identify the cause of low production in the battery, as there is not any easy way to identify which well is affected. The new method continuously infers the production and by analyzing the down hole pumps card data. The complete design of a sucker rod pumping system is an involved trial and error process. An "optimum" design requires that the engineer specify pump size and type; rod string size, taper, and material; surface unit type and size, gear box rating, beam rating, and stroke length; and prime mover type and size. The procedure requires that the engineer first assume an appropriate combination of pump, rod, unit, and prime mover and then perform calculations which lead to refining that initial assumption.


This paper shows cavity stabilization of microwave oscillators can be characterized by a Type O (AFC) servomechanism. Stabilized phase noise spectral density can now be analyzed as a function of modulation rate. Measured phase noise data of stabilized IMPATT and Gunn oscillators are compared with the new theory.


This paper presents a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of roads noise measures in Norway. Low-noise pavement alternatives were compared to stone mastic asphalt with a maximum aggregate size of 11 mm. The low-noise alternatives were expected to reduce the noise levels by 1–4.5 dB over their lifetime, compared to the reference, but had shorter lifetime and, mostly, higher investment cost. A new element included into our CBA of low-noise asphalts is their property in terms of asphalt-wearing and dust production. Given a relationship between asphalt-wearing and airborne particulate matter, there is a potential health impact of pavement choice. Official valuations of both noise changes and PM10 changes were applied for the benefit estimations. Thin-layer asphalts obtained higher benefit-cost ratios than porous asphalts, mainly due to small changes in unit costs and technical lifetime compared to the reference. Alterations in dust production had considerable weight in the benefits, but did not considerably alter the ranking of asphalts compared to analyses not taking dust into account.


This article considers the House of Lords judgment of Hinchy and the impact it is likely to have on the regime that regulates the recovery of overpayments of benefits. Among other things, the discussion focuses on the Lords decision to overturn the Court of Appeal analysis of claimants' responsibilities and Public Law principles dealing with the way decisions are deemed to be made by ministers as a means of facilitating accountability whilst avoiding the full practical consequences of imputing knowledge.


Unawareness of the health risks of beryllium resulted in a decade of unmitigated exposure of several thousand workers and numerous cases of beryllium disease in employees and nearby residents. Subsequent adoption of exposure limits and their implementation with effective technical controls reduced the occurrence of new cases, which were mainly due to accidental exposures, to a minimum. The fact that continuously growing production and consumption did not alter this trend demonstrates the effectiveness of the present threshold limit value. It shows that the potential health hazard can be well contained and that beryllium can be produced and fabricated without undue risk to employees or the general public.


Objective: To evaluate the safety and adverse reactions of different dosage forms of topotecan in the treatment of sensitive recurrent small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: All of 76 patients with sensitive recurrent SCLC were randomly divided into two groups according to the different strategies of topotecan administration. The oral administration group of 37 cases were treated with oral topotecan (2.3 mg·m-2·d-1, for 5 days), while the intravenous administration group of 39 cases were treated with intravenously injected topotecan (1.5 mg·m-2·d-1, for 5 d). The time of every treatment cycle was 21 days, and there were 72 patients completed 2 to 6 cycles. The efficacy was evaluated per 2 cycles. The main endpoints were objective response rate, disease control rate, progression-free survival, overall survival and adverse reactions. Results: The objective response rates in the oral administration group and intravenous administration group were 22.8% and 21.6%, and the disease control rates were 71.4% and 75.7%, respectively; there was no statistically significant difference between two groups (both P > 0.05). The median progression-free survival time in the two groups were 12 and 10 weeks, respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.867). The median overall survival time in the two groups were 21 and 19 weeks, respectively; there was no statistic difference (P = 0.876). The main adverse reaction of the two groups was hematology toxicity. The incidence rate of grade 3/4 neutropenia in oral administration group was lower than that in intravenous administration group (5.4% vs 21.3%), and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.029). The incidence rate of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in oral administration group was lower than that in intravenous administration group (2.7% vs 7.7%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The anemia rate in oral administration group was lower than that in intravenous administration group, and there were no patients with the grade 3/4 of anemia reaction in the two groups. The mainly non-hematology toxicities in the two groups were nausea, vomiting, fatigue, fever and alopecia, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (all P > 0.05).  Conclusion: As a drug for second-line therapy, the oral topotecan has similar efficacy to intravenous topotecan in the patients with sensitive relapsed SCLC after first-line chemotherapy. But the incidence rate of bone marrow suppression in oral administration group is reduced, so the application of oral topotecan is more convenient. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2016.44.097


Background: Epidemiological evidence for immune imprinting was investigated in immune histories related to vaccination in Qatar from onset of the omicron wave, on December 19, 2021, through September 15, 2022. Methods: Matched, retrospective, cohort studies were conducted to investigate differences in incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the national cohort of persons who had a primary omicron infection, but different vaccination histories. History of primary-series (two-dose) vaccination was compared to that of no vaccination, history of booster (three-dose) vaccination was compared to that of two-dose vaccination, and history of booster vaccination was compared to that of no vaccination. Associations were estimated using Cox proportional-hazards regression models. Results: The adjusted hazard ratio comparing incidence of reinfection in the two-dose cohort to that in the unvaccinated cohort was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.38-0.48). The adjusted hazard ratio comparing incidence of reinfection in the three-dose cohort to that in the two-dose cohort was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.16-1.65). The adjusted hazard ratio comparing incidence of reinfection in the three-dose cohort to that in the unvaccinated cohort was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.44-0.63). All adjusted hazard ratios appeared stable over 6 months of follow-up. Divergence in cumulative incidence curves in all comparisons increased markedly when incidence was dominated by BA.4/BA.5 and BA.2.75*. No reinfection in any cohort progressed to severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19. Conclusions: History of primary-series vaccination enhanced immune protection against omicron reinfection, but history of booster vaccination compromised protection against omicron reinfection. These findings do not undermine the short-term public health utility of booster vaccination.


This note summarizes some preliminary results on the fast solution of the coefficient inverse problem for the Helmholtz equation, given measured pressure in a set of observation points. The Helmholtz equation is the model PDE for the harmonic problem of the linear theory of elasticity, and this work is a move in that direction. The problem has been the primary focus for several research areas, most notably seismic exploration. Still, practical problems are very challenging because they are non-linear and large. In this paper, we develop a novel numerical method for seismic full-waveform inversion based on Newton iterations. Its distinctive future is that it does not require the Jacobian of the target functional. Thus, in certain scenarios, it will perform only a fraction of computations comparing to the conventional Gauss-Newton algorithm. We present some early results on the Helmholtz equation in two dimensions.


Many patients lack the capacity to manage intense affects between therapy sessions, and as a result are caught in impasses as treatment becomes organized around fending off the next crisis or recovering from the last. Risk of suicide is often part of this presentation. Among the range of interventions that may help such patients emerge from impasse and treatment resistance is residential treatment, particularly psychodynamic residential treatment. We describe the role of residential treatment for such patients and offer an illustrative case example.


In this paper, I will look at the Third Pillar--focusing on policy cooperation--from a liberal intergovernmental point of view. Starting from the assumption that this theoretical framework is sufficient to account for formal integration in the First Pillar, I will argue that liberal intergovernmental theory, in contrast to realism, can weave the Maastricht Treaty into the overall pattern of European integration. Liberal inter-governmentalism not only explains Community developments, it can also be used to explain why the Treaty on European Union couched the Second and Third Pillars as it did. I will attempt to situate Justice and Home Affairs in the theoretical framework of liberal inter-governmentalism. Discussions of this field are complicated by the need to consider non-European Union (EU) entities. For example, although it is not an EU organization, Schengen cannot be neglected when discussing Justice and Home Affairs; the Commission has been an observer in Schengen since the beginning, a position which allows an EC institution to express its views in a non-EC organization.


The classification and description of the steel strip surface quality defects are concluded and the defects related to the surface micro-topography are especially introduced. The key factors and fields that are relevant to the manufacturing and quality control of the steel strip microscopic surface such as the characterization of the surface micro-topography, the rolling transfer, the fabrication and the wear evolution of the roller's surface micro-topography, the visual aesthetics of the strip surface, the coating stickiness and the stamping oil storage are analyzed and summarized. The studies concerning microscopic surface quality of steel strip are summarized to issue the critical problems during the theoretical and practical researches inland. Suggestions on developing theories and technologies of the quality control of the microscopic steel strip surface are proposed. The scientific significance and application prospective on putting efforts to start domestic steel strip microscopic surface quality studies are discussed.


We use both model and field data to compare three methods for increasing vibroseis productivity and decreasing acquisition costs. The first method, HFVS (high‐fidelity vibratory seismic), allows us to separate the responses from individual vibrators when multiple vibrators are operating simultaneously. The data quality of the separated records is superior to that of conventional correlated data because they are processed with measured ground‐force signals, but the number of sweeps must be greater than or equal to the number of vibrators. The second method, cascaded sweep, eliminates the listening time between multiple sweeps and partially mitigates harmonic noise observed at later times on near‐offset traces. Finally, a combined method, continuous‐HFVS (C‐HFVS), allows source separation with a single, long, segmented sweep. Separation is as good as with HFVS and interference noise is limited to times near the end of a sweep‐segment length. All three methods produce acceptable seismic images for post‐stack and prestack amplitude interpretation.


A new amperometric sensor for free cholesterol has been fabricated based on a high electrocatalytic activity of cobalt protoporphyrin to the oxidation of H2O2. A layer of cobalt pro-toporphyrin was absorbed on the glassy carbon electrode, the enzyme film consisting of bovine serum albumin and cholesterol oxidase was put on it, then a layer of poly(ο-phenylenediamine) film was electropolymerized out of the enzyme film to avoid interference and fouling. The linear range of concentration was 0. 1 mmol/L -2 mmol/L. The response time was less than 30 s. The electrode was used for 150 times assays without loss of any enzymatic activity.


In order to learn how to apply cluster analysis in economics better, this paper uses comparison method to compare two articles to talk about the difference between them. First, we select two articles about the cluster analysis, they are "using cluster analysis to segment students based on self-reported emotionally intelligent leadership" and "using cluster analysis for market segmentation-typical misconceptions, established methodological weaknesses and some recommendations for improvement". For the comparison, we compare the data selection, methodology, variables, model construction, and analyses, interpretation.


To obtain the basic information for commercial process and high quality production of Saururus chinensis, useful components were determined at different growth stages and organs. The contents of quercetin, quercitrin and tannin at different growth stages were decreased before flowering time but slightly increased after flowering. The contents of quercetin, quercitrin and tannin collected on July 26 were 5.72, 5.45g/kg and 1.5%, respectively. The contents of quercetin, quercitrin and tannin were the highest in white leaf, leaf and flower, respectively.


When Kate Chopin's The Awakening was published in 1899 critics attacked its depiction of a heroine who sought sexual pleasure outside of marriage and condemned Chopin for "failing to perceive that the relation of a mother to her children is far more important than the gratification of a passion which experience has taught her is ... evanescent."1 But The Awakening is even more radical in its treatment of motherhood because it questions the assumptions that childbirth and child care are a woman's principal vocation, and that motherhood gives pleasure to all women.


Fitness programs for older adults carry unique responsibilities and liabilities for the physical therapist-fitness instructor. Considerations for appropriate screening, disclosure of a nontherapist-patient relationship, remuneration of services, and individual state licensure regulations are important to reduce legal and fiduciary liability.


Since its apparition at the end of the second world word, the practice of sport for people suffering with motor deficiency has known numerous and quick evolutions. Initially conceived in the science of rehabilitation therapy, it now integrates more and more the principle of performance by getting closer to "ordinary" sport movements. However, this process of sportivisation is variable depending on the social and cultural context in which it is taking place. Initiated at the start of the 1970's, Guadeloupe's Movement for Sport for People with motor impairments has been meeting recurring difficulties in how to organise and federate itself. During this work, we have conducted a survey directly with the local disabled sport associations. Meetings with the principal actors of this movement had been taking place, archives had been gathered and both direct and participative observations had been carried out in order to retrace the collective history and to identify the individual theories utilised in the formation of Guadeloupe's Movement for Sport for Disabled People. For this we have used the tools of the socio-history and of the organizational analysis and handled the speeches with an analyse of the relationship by opposition (ARO). The main results bring to light that the associative dynamics which structure the sport practices of Guadeloupe's disabled people are impregnated by a sport logic combined with social, cultural and identity stakes. Therefore the principal thesis defended in the process of the research is that the organisation of Guadeloupe's Movement for Sport for Disabled People is impregnated by the highly contextual strategies where the identities -sport, Caribbean, disabled- produces some very particular adjustments.


Accompanied by nowadays rapid development of artificial intelligence, scientific computing equipment and the upgrading of portable camera equipment, the detection of large and medium targets in videos and images can no longer satisfied the needs of people's real life, and small target detection has become a fiery-hot spot in the range of target detection research problem. Aiming at the problems of missed detection and low precision caused by factors such as few effective features and low resolution of small targets in the picture, this paper proposes a small object detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5(You Only Look Once). First of all, in order to solve the problems of missed detection and false detection in small target detection, the SE(Squeeze-Excitation) attention mechanism is integrated into the backbone network to improve the performance of the model. Secondly, in order to solve the unknown geometric transformation problem of the same object in different scenes and different angles, the DCNv2(Deformab1e ConvNets v2) model is added to expand the receptive field and improve the robustness of target detection. The experimental results show that the average detection accuracy (mAP) of the improved YOLOv5s model on the VisDrone dataset has reached 37.56%, which is 5.37% higher than that of YOLOv5s and can effectively detect small targets.


Background: Most head and neck cancers, indeed 95% or more, are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and variants thereof, originating from the epithelium of the mucosal lining of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), and adenocarcinomas from associated secretory glands.
Methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted in the Department of Radiation Therapy & Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, IGMC, Shimla and patients were enrolled for a period of one year, from July 2012 to July 2013.It included all the eligible, previously untreated patients of squamous cell carcinoma of Head and Neck with histologically confirmed diagnosis and no evidence of distant metastasis. The sites included were oro-pharynx, hypo-pharynx and larynx with stages III, IV A and IV B.
Results: On first follow up, overall there was complete response at nodal site in 50 patients(69.4%) 26 in CRT arm (70.3%) and 24 in ART arm(68.6%), however the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.875).
Conclusion: There was comparable locoregional disease control with the use of accelerated six fractions a week radiation therapy compared to concomitant chemoradiation with conventional fractionation.
Keywords: Six fraction, Concomitant chemoradiation, Conventional fractionation.


In a capital market where financial reports are a key feature of communication with respect to public firms' performance and financial position, as is well known, one of the objectives of a company's corporate governance system is to ensure the quality of that company's financial reporting. Accounting earnings are more reliable and of higher quality when managers' opportunistic behavior is reduced using monitoring systems. One specific area of concern is the monitoring function of the audit committee on earnings management. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that investigates the role of audit committee characteristics (independence, size, activity, and financial expertise) on earnings management using a sample of all industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). Evidence from prior studies suggested that audit committee takes over the board function to oversee the firm's financial reporting process. The audit committee's role vital in monitoring the company's operation and internal control system with the aim of protecting the interest of the shareholders. In regards to earnings management, this paper views earnings management as opportunistic earnings. The current study argues that the firms with effective characteristics of audit committee are less likely to allow earnings management because opportunistic earning's cause uncertainty about the economic value of a firm. Keywords: Audit committee characteristics, earnings management, financial reporting quality, Jordan.


The article provides an analysis of the personified and differentiated conception of developing the professional integrity of the pre-school teachers and their methods of teaching pre-school children to read. The author reviews the levels of the professional integrity formation in teachers' professional activity involving language arts practicing.


This study aims at analysing the relationship between settlement areas and topography in the volcanic areas around Aksaray, Eregli, Karaman, Karapinar and Nigde between Kayseri and Konya where the Central Anatolian Volcanics are spread. Lava and pyroclastic materials from different periods constitute a significant part of the geological structure. Working morphodynamic and morphoclimatic denudational processes led to the emergence of diverse topographic appearances. Settlement areas established in this neighbourhood face natural risks that often reach to the extent of disaster. From past to the present, the fundamental problem of the settlement areas is not to consider the adequacy and sustainability capacities of the topography. Floods and various mass movements (landslides, dislocation, stone block flows) are important incidents that often occurred recently. Revealing potential natural risk areas in the geography means solving a significant part of the settlement areas problems.  In the study, the settlements were categorized in terms of natural risk areas, and data on housing areas were synthesized and assessed in the digital environment.  In the studies, the active role of mass movements and rain and flood waters that could reach the extent of disaster was taken into consideration, particularly in the selection of spatial locations. Certain predictions were developed in terms of different risk factors between the settlements and possible risks that may arise in the future.


16 Wet scavenging is an efficient pathway for the removal of particulate matter (PM) from 17 the atmosphere. High levels of PM have been a major cause of air pollution in Beijing 18 but have decreased sharply under the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan 19 launched in 2013. In this study, four years of observations of wet deposition have been 20 conducted using a sequential sampling technique to investigate the detailed variation in 21 chemical components through each rainfall event. We find that the major ions, SO 42- , 22 Ca 2+ , NO 3- and NH 4+ , show significant decreases over the 2013-2017 period (decreasing 23 by 39%, 35%, 12% and 25%, respectively), revealing the impacts of the Action Plan. 24 An improved sequential sampling method is developed and implemented to estimate 25 the contribution of below-cloud and in-cloud wet deposition over the four-year period. 26 Overall, below-cloud scavenging accounts for between half and two thirds of wet 27 deposition of the four major ions, with the highest contribution for NH 4+ at 65% and 28 lowest for SO 42- at 50%. The contribution of below-cloud scavenging for Ca 2+ , SO 42- 29 and NH 4+ decreases from above 50% in 2014 to below 40% in 2017. This suggests that 30 the Action Plan has mitigated PM pollution in the surface layer and hence decreased 31 scavenging due to the washout process. In contrast, we find little change in the annual 32 volume weighted average concentration for NO 3- where the contribution from below- 33 cloud scavenging remains at ~44% over the period 2015-2017. While highlighting the 34 importance of different wet scavenging processes, this paper presents a unique new 35 perspective on the effects of the Action Plan and clearly identifies oxidized nitrogen 36 species as a major target for future air pollution controls.


The bibliography covers all aspects of dye lasers. Included are 173 references on tuning, optics, pumping, molecular energy levels, and dye laser spectroscopy.


By the classical method of material mechanics,the deformation and disability of Carbon-tube nanosprings under axial-compression were analyzed,and the formulae of the stiffness and critical loading for the compressed Carbon-tube nanosprings were given.In order to validate the formulae,the stiffness and critical loading for one Carbon-tube nanospring were calculated and were compared with the corresponding experimental results.It is found that the theoretical values of the stiffness and critical loading are close to the corresponding experimental ones respectively,and the present formulae are effective. The job of compressive stiffness and disability of Carbon-tube nanosprings is valuable for people to further investigate the mechanical properties of Carbontube nanosprings.


In this article, Fenton oxidation treatment technology was employed to the improving of quality of post treated wastewater from pulp & paper mills in order to increase the recycling ratio of final treated wastewater. The reaction conditions were optimized through single-factor experiments and the removal of color were tested for the optimizing. It was found in this study that the color of Fenton oxidation treated water was variegated with the extending of settling time. The optimized conditions were: Dosage of H2O2 was 682.1mg/L(30% m/m), 1.5 times theoretical consumption, 205mg/L FeSO47H2O (H2O2:FeSO4=15:1), the initial pH and the reaction time were 4.5 and 40min, respectively. The removal of the color and COD were 51.3% and 80% after Fenton treatment. GC-MS analysis shown that the contents of organic extracts and most of organic compounds reduced significantly after the oxidational treatment.


This paper presents the design and simulation results of a very compact microstrip patch antenna at 2.45/5.8 GHz for Radio Frequency Identification. A good size reduction of 76% compared to a conventional microstrip antenna is achieved. This antenna has a total area of 31X24 mm 2 and mounted on an FR4 substrate with dielectric permittivity constant 4.4, thickness of 1.6 mm, loss tangent of 0.025 and has a Microstrip feed Line. The antenna has a low return loss of about -22.35 dB with VSWR of almost 1.16 and a good gain of 2.63 dBi at 2.45 GHz and it has return loss of 43.26 dB, VSWR of 1.01 and gain of 3.74 dBi at 5.8 GHz. The performance of the proposed antenna is analyzed as well as compared with other RFID antennas at ISM band. It is has been studied, numerically analyzed, simulated using the CST and HFSS software.


During his address on the occasion of his visit to the Synagogue in Rome in January 2010, Pope Benedict spoke of three areas in which Jews and Christians – on the basis of the Ten Commandments – can join forces to transform society: the commitment to make people recognize God and to fight idolatry; the commitment to respect and protect life; and the commitment to preserve and promote the sanctity of the family. Jews and Christians can make use of spiritual and moral resources to involve themselves in these causes – and these areas of concern can be seen as important elements of the spiritual infrastructure that a well ordered society needs. The article describes Pope Benedict's relationship to the State of Israel, Judaism and the Jewish tradition using as key terms the concept of 'moral resources' and the concept of 'spiritual infrastructure'. The main claims are that: Pope Benedict sees a permanent solution to the challenges to peace in Israel in the establishment of a spiritual infrastructure; he considers memory, remembering and remembrance as key moral resources; and, in his view, Christianity cannot develop its moral and spiritual resources without an ethics of memory honouring its Jewish roots.


Intracranial subdural hematoma following spinal anesthesia is a very rare, but life-threatening complication. We experienced a case of this complication following spinal anesthesia. A 40-year-old man underwent a hemorrhoidectomy under spinal anesthesia and complained of intense headache, light nuchal rigidity and vomiting four days after the operation. CT scan of the brain revealed an acute intracranial subdural hematoma. Without any surgical treatment, the hematoma was gradually absorbed and a complete resolution of the hematoma was demonstrated on the CT scan 50 days after the initial onset of symptoms. No sequela was noted. Headache after spinal anesthesia is a common complication, but when the headache persists, is severe, and is associated with other neurologically symptoms, we should treat the patient by entertaining a possible association of the disease.


In this research, a comparative evaluation was carried out regarding the mentioned museums according to the perception of tourism students in Metropolitan Lima.The objective of the present investigation is "To prepare a comparative evaluation of the museums of Pachacamac, Puruchuco and Huaca Pucllana sites according to the perception of the visitor resident in the city of Lima". To carry out this research work, several discussion sessions were held among the researchers where the situational reality of the Site Museums in the city of Lima was analyzed, we concluded that the most appropriate thing would be to develop a comparative evaluation of the main Site museums that has Metropolitan Lima.Once the research topic was chosen, the search and compilation of pertinent information was carried out through the internet, repositories, specialized magazines, articles, among other sources.As part of the results, the sample consisted of male and female participants. It was also made up of age groups that range between "0 - 20", "21 - 40", "41 - 60" years of age. The sample surveyed belong to the University Private A, University Private B, the National University A, the Institute A, the Institute B, the Institute C. On the other hand the museum that has been showing improvements over the years, is the Pachacamac Site Museum. Regarding the evaluation of the "Design of the Permanent Exhibition", the Pachacamac and Puruchuco Site Museums obtained the (Very Satisfied) qualification and the Huaca Pucllana Site Museum obtained the (Satisfied) qualification.It is concluded that museums have a vital importance in the training of future professionals in the tourism sector, thus guaranteeing the sense of belonging on the part of all Peruvians and allowing the elaboration of a curricular mesh according to the Peruvian socio-cultural context within globalization.


We show meetings of investors and firms convey information about expected returns. Investors frequently travel to meet in-person with firms before investing, and we show firms with abnormally frequent meetings predictably outperform firms with abnormally infrequent meetings by roughly 70-to-100 basis points per month. Abnormally frequent meetings also predict improvements in firms' fundamental performance, suggesting our results stem from investors allocating time and attention to meetings with management from underpriced firms. Together, our findings highlight the usefulness of investors' resource allocation decisions in expected return estimations, and provide insights into the multi-stage process investors undertake when forming portfolios.


A smart grid network involves various assets which are enabled to communicate for different operations such as energy exchange, maintenance and operational data management. These assets need to be securely monitored and maintained in real time. In addition, information from these assets should be securely communicated. In this paper, we propose a security system that enables smart grid assets to securely communicate different maintenance and operational alerts so that utility companies can take appropriate action based on the received alert in a time. It uses ciphertext policy-attribute based encryption for securely communicating the alert messages and recording them on blockchain to offer alert data security and immutability. The security strength of the proposed system is analyzed by considering the selective-set model and collision resistance property.


The SMS XView is a system in which the 3D surfaces can be shaped. A bibeta spline surface is adopted for modeling in the system. The method that can be used to obtain the array of the controlled vextexes for chinese characters is described in the SMS system, and modeling the chinese characters is made by the method. Several actual examples for modeling chinese characters are given.


Electric and hybrid vehicles represent the future of ground transportation. In such vehicles, electric motor/s provide the propulsion thrust — eventually aiding the engine in case of parallel and mixed powertrains. On the other hand, x-by-wire technologies are spreading, typically using electric drives to also perform actions such as steering, braking, active suspension etc. Any active wheel may then feature up to 4 related degrees of freedom, usually managed by separated drives. This paper proposes to use multi-degree-of-freedom drives, in particular rotary-linear, to integrate more of such basic movements inside a single motor, thus achieving potential benefits on size, weight, cost, complexity etc. Different combinations of functions are examined and the main types of rotary-linear machines found in the literature are briefly recalled and commented, finally focusing on a brushless isotropic rotary-linear machine.


Older adults are generally perceived as more psychologically distressed and/or depressed than younger adults. The validity of this perception is examined by (1) reviewing epidemiological studies and (2) presenting data from a recent mental health survey of elders. The findings from both sources provide a strong challenge to this widespread perception about aging and distress.


Using techniques of coating thickness analysis and frequency transform procedures developed in the EM laboratories it has been possible to describe the basesheet surface profile changes caused by the coating application . Relaxation of the fibre network has been observed and found to depend not only on the base stock furnish, formation etc ., but to a large extent on the coating pigment type, size distribution, coating colour rheology and most importantly the dewatering interactions between the coating colour and the base . Factors determining the dewatering characteristics of a coating colour will include the base absorbency, pigment particle packing and suspension fluid viscosity . Preferred citation: P.A.C. Gane and J.J. Hooper. An evaluation of interactions between coating colour and base paper by coating profi le analysis. In Fundamentals of Papermaking, Trans. of the IXth Fund. Res. Symp. Cambridge, 1989, (C.F. Baker & V. Punton, eds), pp 871–893, FRC, Manchester, 2018. DOI: 10.15376/frc.1989.2.871.


Objective To review the perioperative nursing care of intrapericardial pneumonectomy for Ⅲ stage lung cancer.Methods The data were retrospectively analyzed on 163 patients with late lung cancer who received the perioperative nursing care of intrapericardial pneumonectomy from January 1997 to December 2004.Results There were 67 cases with all kinds of complications and only one death in the perioperative.Conclusion Intrapericardial pneumonectomy can increase resecting rate of Ⅲ stage lung cancer which is a safe and dependable surgical operation. It can decrease the death rate with proper nursing and also improve the quality of life.


New measurements are reported of the Si/Fe ratio and the differential energy spectra of galactic cosmic-ray Si and Fe, taking into account the energy range from 35 MeV to 4 GeV per nucleon. The measured data were obtained with the aid of satellite and balloon-borne instrumentation. It is found that for the region below 1 GeV per nucleon the local interstellar spectra computed are consistent with previous galactic cosmic-ray propagation models obtained by Shapiro and Silberberg (1970) and Mason (1972).


1 PG student, MSIT, Kolkata-150 2 Assistant Professor, MSIT, Kolkata-150 3 Professor, MSIT, Kolkata-150 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract – In India, the stack of waste plastic bottles is increasing day by day, due to low recycling ratio. Disposal of waste plastic bottle has become one of the most serious problems. Hence, it is very important to utilize these waste materials with technical development in different fields. Due to large-scale constructional activities of roads, requirement of fill material is enormous, but available soils near construction sites may not be strong enough. Such soils need addition of some strengthening elements to increase the strength. The present study involves the stabilization of near surface alluvial clayey soils using randomly distributed waste plastic bottle at varying lengths and percentages by weight of soil. In this work, waste plastic bottles are cut into three different size of 1cm x1cm, 1cm x 2cm, & 1cm x 3cm, and mixed in different proportion of 0.25, 0.5, & 0.75 % by weight of dry soils and different compaction and strength properties have been evaluated. From the study it has been observed that with the increase in percentage of waste plastic bottle chips in cohesive soil, maximum dry density decreases whereas optimum moisture content increases. Also, there is an appreciable increase in California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values with the increase in percentage of waste plastic bottle chips in the soil up to certain limit.


Reactions of alpha-tellanyl-beta-ethoxyvinyl lithiums of aldehydes and ketones proceeded in good to high yields and the successive treatment with acids gave the alpha-tellanyl alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes. alpha-Tellanyl alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes easily transformed to more useful compounds.


Biologically active nanoparticles of the present invention are carbonate-substituted non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and have the following. a) crystallinity CD lower than 40%, crystallinity is defined as: CD = (1-X / Y) 100 here: Y is the height of the maximum refraction at 2θ = 33 °, X is the height of the maximum refraction at 2θ = 33 ° of the nanoparticle X-ray refraction pattern; b) a length L of 20 to 200 nm and an area W of 5 to 30 nm; And c) an aspect ratio AR of 2 to 40, the aspect ratio being defined as AR = L / W. Biologically active nanoparticles of the present invention are preferably used in oral or dental hygiene applications such as, for example, solutions, suspensions, oils, gels or other solid products. Another aspect of the present invention includes a method for preparing an oral or dental hygiene suspension, a method for locally remineralizing a tooth comprising contacting the tooth with nanoparticles, as well as the biologically active nanoparticles. A method of making a toothpaste. Carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite, biologically active nanoparticles


If an EGR execution condition is satisfied (at S110) when an engine is run, the cooling capacity of a cooling system executes the EGR on the basis of a cooling water temperature (Tw) and an ambient temperature (Tout). If it is then decided (at S130) that the capacity is lower than a preset level for retaining the minimum capacity to cool the engine, an EGR valve is controlled (at S120 and S160) so that the exhaust gas may not be fed to the intake side. As a result, it is possible to suppress the drop in the cooling capacity of the cooling system. If it is decided (at S130) that the cooling capacity of the cooling system is at or higher than the preset level, the EGR valve is so controlled (at S140 to S160) that the exhaust gas may be fed at a target EGR rate (R*), as calculated on the basis of an intake air flow (Qa), to the intake side. As a result, the engine can be run more properly.


1. Ecoacoustics is increasingly being used to monitor species populations and to estimate biodiversity in marine ecosystems, but the underwater soundscapes of freshwater environments remain largely unexplored in this respect. Few studies exist concerning the acoustic diversity of ponds, but because aquatic plants and many arthropods such as Coleoptera and Hemiptera are known to produce sound, there is potential to use ecoacoustic techniques to monitor changes in biodiversity and conservation value. 2. This pilot study compares the underwater soundscapes of recently restored open-canopy ponds and unmanaged highly terrestrialized ponds situated in an arable agricultural landscape of North Norfolk, UK, in order to assess the benefits of farmland pond restoration. 3. Daytime sound recordings were made for 10 min in each pond and analysed primarily for arthropod stridulations. In addition, six commonly used acoustic indices were calculated to assess the soundscape biodiversity between the unmanaged and the restored ponds. The stridulations of three diving beetle species (Dytiscidae) were recorded in tank studies to assess the potential for individual species recognition from underwater sound capture. 4. Sound-type richness and abundance, as estimated by visually and aurally identifying arthropod stridulation from spectrograms, were significantly higher in the restored open-canopy ponds compared with the unmanaged terrestrialized ponds. In addition, the acoustic indices ' acoustic complexity ' and ' biodiversity index ' were significantly higher in restored open-canopy ponds than in unmanaged terrestrialized ponds. The three dytiscid


Statements have recently been made relative to the discovery of works of human art occurring in a breccia amongst bones of ancient animals, hitherto supposed to have been extinct long anterior to the existence of our race. These observations are supposed by some to prove the great antiquity of the human race; whilst others, equally competent to form an opinion, admit that the intermixture of such remains presents a most perplexing mystery. Whatever may be the result of yet unpublished or of future and more extensive observations, it is certainly premature to assign this great antiquity to our race, as long as the occurrence of such mixtures can be explained by known causes admitted to be still in action.


Objective To systematic review the influence of MDR1 C1236T genetic polymorphisms on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics. Methods Relevant databases were searched by computer for investigating the influence of MDR1 C1236T genetic polymorphism on cyclosporine pharmacokinetic and meta-analysis was performed by Revman 5.0 software. Results Seven literatures (n=605) were included. The CC genotype had lower dose-adjusted concentration at the time 2 h after administration(C2) level than other genotypes, and statistical difference was observed between CC genotypes and TT genotype (P0.05). No statistical difference was observed between CC genotype and other genotypes in mean dose-adjusted C0 level and daily dose.Conclusion MDR1 C1236T genetic polymorphism has a little effect on the cyclosporine dose-adjusted C2 level.


The pollution of rivers and streams with chemical contaminants has become one of the most criti cal environmental problems. Fish living in a polluted water reservoir use the contaminated water to rinse their gills; this results in the deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the fish body. Contamination of foodstuffs by heavy metals s uch as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead ha s pose s a potential carcinogenic threat to humans. Arsenic and cadmium appear to be the most harmful to the fish . S everal cancers in fish appear to be the result of exposure to different environmental po llutants/chemicals. High frequencies of liver and skin cancers in brown bullheads are associated with high concentrations of PAHs and some metals in the environmental sediments. Taking these facts in view, the present article gives the emphasis on the fish cancer caus ed by various environmental pollutants ,


Output stabilization of networked control systems (NCSs) with the problem of data packet dropout and transmission delays is investigated in this paper. The quantity of data packet loss is governed by a Markov chain. New iterative model for the static output feedback NCSs with/without delays is set up. With a new additional matrix introduced, linear matrix inequality (LMI) sufficient conditions are developed for the existence of a stabilizing output feedback controller. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach.


Purpose: This study was to observe characteristic of metal oxidation and bonding strength according tocomposition of Ni-Cr alloy for porcelain fused to metal crown. The three kinds of Ni-Cr alloy with differentcomposition ratio of parent metal were observed general properties and chemical properties of each alloy surface andmeasured the shear bonding strength between ceramic and each alloys. The aim of study was to suggest the materialfor design of parent metal's composition ratio to development of alloy for porcelain fused to metal crown. Methods: The three kinds of alloy as test specimen was Ni(59wt%)-Cr(24wt%), Ni(67wt.%)-Cr(16wt.%) alloyand Ni(71wt%)-Cr(12wt%)alloy. The oxide on surface was observed by EDX. And the shear test was performed byMTS.Results: The surface property and oxide characteristic analysis of oxide layer, weight percentage of Element Owithin Ni


Introduction: Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure to establish direct communication between the trachea and external envi-ronment by creating an opening into the anterior wall of the trachea and introducing a cannula into it. While performing pediatric tracheostomy, chances of complication are more especially in newborns and infants. In modern times, the long term outcome of tracheostomy is considered satisfactory due to more specific indications. Aims: Paediatric tracheostomy is a lifesaving procedure to secure airway, practised since ancient days. Paediatric tracheostomy is quite a less studied topic among literature. We took up this clinical study to assess its recent trends in terms of indications, complications, and management of its complications. Material and Methods: This is a prospective, observational study of 3 years duration, which was carried out in a tertiary care hospital of north India with the participation of Otorhinolaryngology, Paediatric and General surgery departments. Results: A total of 39 paediatric tracheostomies were included in this study. The major indications in this study were infective causes like Diphtheria (46%) and Tetanus (16%). The male to female ratio was 1.5: 1 and the rural to urban ratio was 4.5: 1. The most common complications were intraoperative haemorrhage, sudden apnea, secondary haemorrhage and difficult decannula-tions. The mortality rate in this study is found to be 46%. Conclusions: Upper airway obstruction due to infections like Diphtheria and Tetanus are the most common indications for paediatric tracheostomy in rural areas. Sound knowledge of the anatomy of the pediatric trachea combined with good surgical skills can reduce almost all the major complications associated with tracheostomy in children. Mostly, the higher mortality attributed to paediatric tracheostomy is due to the primary disease condition itself rather than related to complications arising out of tracheostomy procedure.


Drawing on the idea of bio-power from wider social theory, this paper will demonstrate how life itself (bios) is now a crucial resource enlisted by capitalism. To explain this, the concept of biocracy is introduced to demonstrate how the informal subcultures, social intelligence and personal attributes of workers are currently being put to work. All that Fordism once feared is now the medium of a new form of exploitation. But as life itself is colonized in ever more expansive ways, resistance appears once again. A new political landscape has crystallized transforming the old tension between capital and labour into one between capital and life. Its manifesto is defined not by the demand for more, less or fairer work, but the end of work.


This study aims to describe the used deixis in Marind language. This research was done in Merauke. The population of the research was Marind people in Merauke, and the samples were 30 people selected by purposive sampling. The procedures of data were collected by using observation, interview, taking note and recording. The result of the analysis that in Marind language contains several types of deixis, including (1) personal deixis; (2) place deixis; (3) time deixis; (4) discourse deixis; and (5) social deixis. The Used of deixis in Marind language are determined by first singular person: Nok, Nok (object), Nahan and the first plural person: Yogh, Yahan, Yogha and third singular person: Eghel,/Eghul, Upe/Epe and Anupend/Anupendka.


This paper presents mathematical model of transformable multi-link mechanical system consisting of numerous elements of the same type. The elements of this structure can be made of both metal and composite material. The key element of the transformable structure ultimately determining its characteristics is the load-bearing frame. It is the frame that provides minimum dimensions in the folded transport state and required rigidity of the structure in the open working position. The frame functionality is mainly determined by the value of the forces arising in its elements during movement. To investigate the dynamics of the transformable structure motion, the software packages MSC.Adams and EULER were used. To perform stress analysis of the structure elements MSC.Patran/Nastran software package was used.This paper presents mathematical model of transformable multi-link mechanical system consisting of numerous elements of the same type. The elements of this structure can be made of both metal and composite material. The key element of the transformable structure ultimately determining its characteristics is the load-bearing frame. It is the frame that provides minimum dimensions in the folded transport state and required rigidity of the structure in the open working position. The frame functionality is mainly determined by the value of the forces arising in its elements during movement. To investigate the dynamics of the transformable structure motion, the software packages MSC.Adams and EULER were used. To perform stress analysis of the structure elements MSC.Patran/Nastran software package was used.


This paper deals with aerosol measurements on Monte Cimone (Italy). It is well written, the analytical part is described in detail and the authors have made a special effort to evaluate as precisely as possible the various errors and uncertainties. The results are quite complete with information on both size, volume, gravimetric and chemical characteristics. Thus, this paper is excellent from the point of view of sampling and analytical procedures. Most of the results are more or less those expected and the conclusion are not really original but it confirms with better constrains results previously obtained in Mediterranean atmosphere.


This paper examines the controversy surrounding the two main problem areas of this field. The first problem is the definition and description of spatial ability, there being concern over precisely what is measured by different tests, and the lack of independence of such tests. The second area deals with the aetiology of sex differences in spatial ability. The most compelling current theory, that of a recessive gene influence, has certain anomalies which require additional factors, such as sex-typing or hormonal limitation, to be brought in to complete the explanation, although these too require further clarification. Searching for a cause of sex differences without an understanding of the cognitive strategies involved would seem to be a sterile pursuit, and it is proposed that an analysis of spatial problem solving (e.g. in mental rotation) will shed more light on individual differences, set in the context of genetic and environmental influences.


Quality of coke is very much important for blast furnace productivity. Phenol-formaldehyde resin can be used as an additive in small quantity in the coal blend for improvement of coke quality. It enhances the fluidity of coal blend during co-pyrolysis with coal and hence improves the coke quality. After successful lab-scale study, this phenomenon has been demonstrated in top charge battery and heat-recovery oven of Tata Steel through plant trial. It was found that 0.3–0.4% addition of phenolic resin in the coal blend improves coke quality.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic power of caries activity test using laser fluorescence. The subjects of this study were 50 children of years old. Fluorescence from initial carious lesion of teeth illuminated by an argon laser(480nm) was observed and photographed with barrier filter. Visual examination for the dDfFtT rate and Streptococcus mutans colony counting was done to evaluate correlation with caries activity test using laser fluorescence. Data analysis was accomplished by Axelsson's method. The results from the present study can be summarized as follows: 1. There was positive correlation between laser fluorescence test and Streptococcus mutans count. And also positive correlation exists between laser fluorescence test and dDfFtT rate (P between Streptococcus mutans colony count and dDfFtT rate was found(P


An optical–optical double resonance (OODR) technique is used to selectively populate rotational levels of the 15N+2 A 2Πui (v=3) state and monitor collision induced electronic transitions (CIET) to the X 2Σ+g (v=6 and 7) vibronic manifolds. The branching ratio from the A (v=3) state to the X (v=6 and 7) levels is determined experimentally and used in a phenomenological model based on past results. This ratio is used to determine the state specific collisional quenching rates from observed double exponential decay curves of the A (v=3) level. Similar results are obtained for CIET from the CO+ A 2Π (v=4) level to the X 2Σ+ (v=12 and 13) levels. In this case, the branching ratio from the A (v=4) level to the X (v=12 and 13) levels is not as accurate as for the 15N+2 case, but the result agrees with the empirical model, and state specific quenching rates are also determined from double exponential decay curves. In addition, the deactivation rate is determined for the CO+ A (v=3) level from its observed single...


More and more embedded devices, such as mobile phones, tablet PCs and laptops, are used in every field, so huge files need to be stored or backed up into cloud storage. Optimizing the performance of cloud storage is very important for Internet development. This paper presents the performance evaluation of the open source distributed storage system, a highly available, distributed, eventually consistent object/blob store from OpenStack cloud computing components. This paper mainly focuses on the mechanism of cloud storage as well as the optimization methods to process different sized files. This work provides two major contributions through comprehensive performance evaluations. First, it provides different configurations for OpenStack Swift system and an analysis of how every component affects the performance. Second, it presents the detailed optimization methods to improve the performance in processing different sized files. The experimental results show that our method improves the performance and the structure. We give the methods to optimize the object-based cloud storage system to deploy the readily available storage system.


This study goals is to compare the marketing strategies for launching films from distributors in 2005 and 2012 and the results; marketing concept approach to the audiovisual sector; understanding of the context of the current national cinema; understanding the process of distributing films practiced in Brazil and the dismemberment of the types of marketing strategies for product launches in the market. It used descriptive research connecting content and distribution strategy of launching products in Brazilian films. The 2005 films, "Dois Filhos de Francisco: A História de Zezé Di Camargo & Luciano" took advantage of the prestige of the country music duo for dissemination in traditional media, "Cabra-cega" focused its disclosure on historical relevance of the topic, with festivals, partnerships, debate in schools, campaign blog and photo exhibition. The 2012 movies, "Os Penetras" used fans participation and electronic games in to multiplatform strategy. "Heleno" used the fans engagement with celebrities and soccer. The film "Dois Filhos de Francisco: A História de Zezé Di Camargo & Luciano" and "Cabra-cega" exceeded the expected results; "Os Penetras" a result reached, and as the "Heleno" was below of public.


This study evaluated the role of quercetin against cyclophosphamide‐induced distortion of rat testicular function. Adult rats were administered cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg), quercetin (50 mg/kg) and in combination for seven days. Cyclophosphamide caused a significant increase in the activities of indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenases (IDO), tryptophan 2, 3‐dioxygenase (TDO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and elevated the concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ). Cyclophosphamide increased testis malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations but depleted superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and glutathione (GSH). However, quercetin co‐administration significantly (p < 0.05) prevented the increased values of IDO, TDO, MPO, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH‐Px and GSH compared with control rats. Also, quercetin co‐treatment significantly increased serum testosterone, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), activities of testicular 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 β‐HSD), 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 β‐HSD) as well as sperm count, motility and viability but reduced abnormal sperm morphology. Quercetin exposure alone did not alter any of the parameters evaluated relative to control. Thus, quercetin protected the testes against cyclophosphamide‐induced alterations in immunosuppressive IDO/TDO activities elicited by oxidative‐inflammatory mediators.


Europeanisation does not end at the external borders of the European Union. Through conditionality, socialisation, externalisation, and imitation, the EU generates external effects. The comparison of EU relations with "quasi-member states", candidate countries, the European neighbourhood, other OECD countries, and far-away regions shows that the mechanisms and conditions of Europeanisation vary significantly across contexts. In general, however, market power and supranational regulation are the most important conditions of effectiveness. In their absence, the EU's institutions can merely serve as an agency for socialisation and a model for imitation – albeit with a limited and superficial impact.


How teens perceive themselves can impact their mental health. This article focuses on mental health and body positivity, and the roles libraries can play. It covers eating disorders and suggests several books that feature diverse body types not normally present in YA literature.


Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) infection is a prevalent, sexually transmitted infection with poorly characterized prevalence in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study characterized HSV‐2 epidemiology in MENA. HSV‐2 reports were systematically reviewed as guided by the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook and findings were reported following PRISMA guidelines. Random‐effects meta‐analyses and meta‐regressions were performed to estimate pooled mean outcome measures and to assess predictors of HSV‐2 antibody prevalence (seroprevalence), trends in seroprevalence, and between‐study heterogeneity. In total, sixty‐one overall (133 stratified) HSV‐2 seroprevalence measures and two overall (four stratified) proportion measures of HSV‐2 detection in laboratory‐confirmed genital herpes were extracted from 37 relevant publications. Pooled mean seroprevalence was 5.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6%–6.8%) among general populations, 13.3% (95% CI: 8.6%–18.7%) among intermediate‐risk populations, 20.6% (95% CI: 5.3%–42.3%) among female sex workers, and 18.3% (95% CI: 3.9%–39.4%) among male sex workers. Compared to Fertile Crescent countries, seroprevalence was 3.39‐fold (95% CI: 1.86–6.20) and 3.90‐fold (95% CI: 1.78–8.57) higher in Maghreb and Horn of Africa countries, respectively. Compared to studies published before 2010, seroprevalence was 1.73‐fold (95% CI: 1.00–2.99) higher in studies published after 2015. Pooled mean proportion of HSV‐2 detection in genital herpes was 73.8% (95% CI: 42.2%–95.9%). In conclusion, MENA has a lower HSV‐2 seroprevalence than other world regions. Yet, 1 in 20 adults is chronically infected, despite conservative prevailing sexual norms. Seroprevalence may also be increasing, unlike other world regions. Findings support the need for expansion of surveillance and monitoring of HSV‐2 infection in MENA.


The modified layers were prepared on 38CrMoAl nitrided steel by means of different methods for improving wear resistance, the samples were marked as N sample (the nano-scale diamond-like thin film prepared by the physical vapor deposition technology), S sample (the TiBC coating prepared by the physical vapor deposition technology), L sample (the nitriding coating prepared by ion nitriding technology) and A sample ( the nitriding coating prepared by ARCOR nitriding technology). The wear properties of four kinds of samples were studied on a HT-600 friction and wear tester, the surface and cross-section morphologies were examined by a VHX-600K optical microscope. The results show that the average friction coefficient is followed on the experimental conditions, N sampleS sample LsampleA sample. The transfer film can be easily formed on the N sample and S sample surface during a short time, and it is very difficult to be formed on the L sample and A sample surface, it can only stably exist on the N sample surface for a long time. There are light wear loss at some portions of the S sample, but wear loss is very serious for L sample and A sample due to cracks expansion, comparatively, wear loss is negligible for the N sample, and the condition of the modified layer keeps very well. The N sample possesses the best wear resistance, and the follows are S sample, L sample and S sample.


Objective To investigate the short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with portal hypertension who underwent splenectomy and selective gastroesophageal devascularization based on intraoperative free portal pressure (FPP).Methods The clinical data of 304 patients from June 2003 to September 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.71 patients underwent splenectomy and selective gastroesophageal devascularzation (group A) and 233 patients received splenectomy and classical gastroesophageal devascularzation (group B).The alteration of FPP,liver function,operation time,volume of blood loss and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results The overall 1-,3-,5-and 10-year accumulative survival rates in all the patients were 95%,92%,85% and 77% respectively.Median survival of the liver was 93 months.The Child-Pugh score (6.21 ± 1.04 vs 6.41 ± 1.26; P < 0.05) significantly decreased postoperatively in two weeks in all the patients.The postoperative complications including rebleeding rate (5.6% vs24.1%,P<0.05),grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ portal vein thrombosis (19.7% vs 33.9%,P<0.05) and delayed gastric function (0 vs 5.6%,P <0.05) were significantly different between group A and group B.There were no significant difference between grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ portal vein thrombosis (2.8% vs 3.4%,P > 0.05).The FPP decreased significantly in both groups,but it decreased more in group A than group B [(10.06 ±4.34)cmH2O(1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa) vs (8.26 ±4.82)cmH2O,P <0.01].Moreover,the operation time and the volume of blood loss in group A were significantly less than those in group B.Conclusions Cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension benefited from splenectomy and gastroesophageal devascularization.Selective gastroesophageal devascularization was more safe and effective in patients with portal hypertension.

Key words:
Portal hypertension;  Splenectomy;  Devascularzation;  Rebleeding rate


We report the influence of intrinsic superconducting parameters on the vortex dynamics and the critical current densities of a MgB$_2$ thin film. The small magnetic penetration depth of \lambda = 50 nm at T=4 K is related to a clean \pi-band, and transport and magnetization data show an upper critical field similar to those reported in clean single crystals. We find a high self-field critical current density Jc, which is strongly reduced with applied magnetic field, and attribute this to suppression of the superconductivity in the \pi-band. The temperature dependence of the creep rate S(T) at low magnetic field can be explained by a simple Anderson-Kim mechanism. The system shows high pinning energies at low field that are strongly suppressed by high field, which is consistent with a two-band contribution.


Samples of butternut squash were heated in a convection steam oven at the temperature of 80°C and 100°C without any/or with addition of steam. The most significant changes of texture properties in the pulp were registered regarding its hardness and chewiness, while the alterations of its springiness and cohesiveness occurred within a smaller range. The decisive influence on changing the hardness and chewiness of butternut pulp was observed for the addition of steam, and, to a lower extent, for the time and temperature of treatment; in case of springiness the vital factor was the temperature of the process.


We address the problem of inferring an undirected graph from nodal observations, which are modeled as non-stationary graph signals generated by local diffusion dynamics that depend on the structure of the unknown network. Using the so-called graph-shift operator (GSO), which is a matrix representation of the graph, we first identify the eigenvectors of the shift matrix from observations of the diffused signals, and then estimate the eigenvalues by imposing desirable properties on the graph to be recovered. Different from the stationary setting where the eigenvectors can be obtained directly from the covariance matrix of the measurements, here we need to estimate first the unknown diffusion (graph) filter – a polynomial in the GSO that preserves the sought eigenbasis. To carry out this initial system identification step, we exploit different sources of information on the arbitrarily-correlated input signal driving the diffusion on the graph. We first explore the setting where the observations, the input information, and the unknown graph filter are linearly related. We then address the case where the relation is given by a system of matrix quadratic equations, which arises in pragmatic scenarios where only the second-order statistics of the inputs are available. While such a quadratic filter identification problem boils down to a non-convex fourth-order polynomial minimization, we discuss identifiability conditions, propose algorithms to approximate the solution, and analyze their performance. Numerical tests illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed topology inference algorithms in recovering brain, social, financial, and urban transportation networks using synthetic and real-world signals.


We use recent population synthesis models for the production of close double white dwarfs [1] to calculate their gravitational wave spectrum. The properties of that spectrum are nearly independent of the assumptions involved in that model, depending in normalization only on the frequency of primordial binaries of intermediate mass, orbital periods of a few years, and mass ratios near unity. The gravitational wave energy density at lower frequencies in the LISA window will provide a robust measure of the galactic type Ia supernova rate. Roughly 3600 individual close white dwarf binaries should be resolvable at frequencies above the confusion limit at 3.6 mHz, with 90 percent of these systems showing detectable orbital evolution due to gravitational radiation within a 5-year mission lifetime. For these binaries, distances and chirp masses can be obtained independently, making it possible to study their intrinsic and spatial distributions separately. In an exceptional one or two cases, it should be possible ...


Separated flow data for axisymmetric afterbodies are presented. A number of models were tested at subsonic Mach numbers through a range of unseparated, partially separated, and totally separated flow. The separation and reattachment locations on the afterbody were determined by oil flow visualization techniques, and static pressure taps were used to determine the surface pressure distribution in the separated region. The data systematically show the effect of shape, Mach number, total pressure and approach boundary-layer thickness upon the onset and extent of flow separation over afterbody models. Existing separation criteria are compared to the data; and an engineering model is proposed for use in predicting the effects of the separated region upon afterbody pressure distribution.