The present work examines the use of a non-edible oil namely honne oil, a new possible source of alternative fuel for diesel engine. The uses of honne oil either in neat form or blended (unheated or preheated) with diesel fuel in diesel engine has not been reported in the literature. The viscosity of honne oil can be reduced by blending it with diesel fuel. Even after blending, viscosity is high as compared to neat diesel. The high viscosity of honne oil blends can be reduced by preheating. The effect of temperature on the viscosity, density, flash point and lower heating of honne oil and its blends has also been investigated. The performance and emission characteristics of unheated honne oil blend (20% honne oil and 80% diesel fuel by volume) are found to be close to neat diesel. The performance and emission characteristics of preheated honne oil blends (10% to 50%) are better than unheated honne oil blends.


Objective:To evaluate the changes of left ventricular diastolic function of middle-aged patients with incipient type 2 diabetes mellitus by detecting cardiac structure and function with echocardiography relatively.Method:41 middle-aged patients with incipient type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 normal subjects were examined with the 2-dimensional echocardiogram(LA、LV、IVS、LVPW),mitral and pulmonary venous flow velocity(Ep、Ap、Ep/Ap、Sp、Dp、ap).Results:(1)A series of 2-dimensional echocardiogram,mitral and pulmonary venous were different in diabetic patients compared with those in control group(P0.05).(2)The percentage of detection of pulmonary reversed A wave flow velocity was significantly higher than those in 2-dimensional echocardiogram,mitral.Concluion:Echocardiography can be used as a means for early assessing the left ventricular dastolic dysfuction of middle-aged patients withincipient type 2 diabetes mellitus.


A detailed study was made of the air and water pollution control practices and performance of the 61 refineries operated by the eight largest oil companies (Arco, Socal, Mobil, Gulf, Shell, Exxon, Amoco, and Texaco). The air pollutants studied were sulfur oxides, CO, particulates, and hydrocarbons; the water pollutants were biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease, phenol, and ammonia. Few refineries had both good water pollution control and air pollution control, although some refineries had either a very good water pollution control system or an air pollution control system. Profiles are given of the pollution control policies and performance of the eight companies. (JSR)


Background: Fainting is a major healthcare problem with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare cost. We sought to assess the appropriateness of current clinical practice when compared to a guideline‐based algorithm.


Admission control is an important component to control the acceptance of new calls without degrading the Quality of Service (QoS) of the existing calls in the wireless mesh network. Two types of calls are existing in the network which are the new and handoff calls, in order to increase the admission rate for both types of calls a multi-homing admission and mobility management algorithm is proposed, which associates the user with two different access points which is most beneficial in case of highly congested network. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm decreases the blocking probability for new and handoff calls.


ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effects of fiscal decentralization on regional income inequality in Indonesia. Using provincial-level data over the period 2001–2014, this paper concludes that fiscal decentralization reduces regional income inequality. A simultaneous equation model (SEM) is employed to circumvent possible endogeneity. It follows that the extent to which fiscal decentralization decreases reginal income gap was greater than that in the opposite direction. A possible explanation for this is that compared with a centralized system, it granted the local governments with autonomy in designing development programmes that match unique characteristics of a particular region and distributing more balanced resources within it. Further, decentralization enables a local government to efficiently provide public services in need. Finally, decentralization motivates local politicians to effectively allocate local public goods and services. This is because regional heads are selected through a direct election in Indonesia and that they are keen on being re-elected by better serving the voters.


Objective
To explore the feasibility of Sonography based Volume Computer Aided Display Heart (SonoVCADheart) in the display of the fetal ventricular outflow views, and compare diameters of fetal aorta (AO) and pulmonary artery (PA) measured by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and SonoVCADheart.

Methods
Eighty singleton fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in January 2019 in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine were enrolled. Conventional 2DE examinations were performed. The volume datasets were analyzed offline using the new automatic image processing software SonoVCADheart. The diameters of AO and PA were measured by 2DE and SonoVCADheart, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the two methods. The consistency of the two methods was verified by Bland-Altman analysis, and he reliability of SonoVCADheart was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
Fetal ventricular outflow views were successfully obtained using SonoVCADheart in 73(91.2%) of 80 fetuses. There were good correlations between the two methods for measuring the diameters of AO and PA (r=0.953, 0.971; all P<0.001). The 95% agreement limits of AO and PA were (-0.669, 0.568)mm and (-0.632, 0.580)mm, respectively. ICC demonstrated that SonoVCADheart achieved great repeatability both between and within observers.

Conclusions
SonoVCADheart may have potentials for the quantitative evaluation of fetal ventricular outflow tracts with its good repeatability and reliability.

Key words:
Echocardiography; Sonography based Volume Computer Aided Display Heart; Aorta diameters; Pulmonary artery diameters


BACKGROUND Age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality estimates have exposed a previously hidden excess mortality burden for the US Hispanic population Multiple explanations have been put forth, including unequal quality/access to health care, higher proportion of pre-existing health conditions, multigenerational household composition, and disproportionate representation in telecommute-unfriendly occupations However, these hypotheses have been rarely tested OBJECTIVE We examine age-stratified patterns of Hispanic COVID-19 mortality vis-à-vis patterns of exposure to evaluate the multiple posited hypotheses METHODS We use a combination of public and restricted data from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and leverage national and subnational race- and age-stratified COVID-19 mortality and case burdens/advantages to evaluate the workplace vulnerability hypothesis We also use individual-level information on prior health conditions and mortality from the case data to assess whether observed patterns are consistent with the other hypotheses RESULTS Our results indicate that the disproportionate burdens for both COVID-19 case and mortality for the Hispanic population are largest among the working-age groups, supporting the hypothesis that workplace exposure plays a critical role in heightening vulnerability to COVID-19 mortality We find little evidence to support the hypotheses regarding multigenerational household composition, pre-existing health conditions, or unequal quality/access to health care CONCLUSION Our findings point to the key roles played by age structure and differential exposure in contributing to the disproportionately severe impact of COVID-19 on the Hispanic population CONTRIBUTION We contribute evidence to explain the driving factors in the observed excess COVID-19 mortality burden among Hispanics Our findings underscore the importance of focusing on more robust workplace protections, particularly for working-age minority populations © 2021 D Phuong Do & Reanne Frank


This guide discusses the health benefits of physical activity and presents ideas for designing physically active communities. It offers options on creating places for people to bicycle and walk. It discusses retrofitting transportation infrastructure; financing; land use design; pedestrian and cycling safety; accessibility; and coordination of pedestrian, bicycling and transit facilities. The guide emphasizes the obesity epidemic in the United States, and the importance of daily physical activity in maintaining a normal body weight.


GC-MS separation condition for fatty acids in the grape seed oil was optimized by comparing different injection temperature,injection mode,the flow rate of carrier gas and program temperature.By DB-Wax capillary column,the main fatty acids can be well separated using the optimized method,with the values below 0.003 % for relative standard deviations(RSDs) of RT and 0.500 % for peak area.


After quickly touching upon general aspects of strigolactones biology and functions, including structure, synthesis and perception, this review focuses on the role and regulation of the 32 strigolactone pathway during osmotic stress, in light of the most recent research developments. We discuss available data on organ-specific dynamics of strigolactone synthesis and interaction with 34 abscisic acid in the acclimatization response, with emphasis on the ecophysiological implications of 35 the effects on the stomatal closure process. We highlight the importance to consider roots and 36 shoots separately as well as combined vs individual stress treatments; and to perform reciprocal grafting experiments to work out organ contributions and long-distance signalling events and 38 components under more realistic conditions. Finally, we elaborate on the question of if and how 39 synthetic or natural strigolactones, alone or in combination with crop management strategies such 40 as grafting, hold potential to maximise crop resilience to abiotic stresses.


Objective:To investigate the effect of tramadol on Induced abortion.Methods:Patients were divided into group A and B randomly.In group A 100mg tramadol was administrated before propofol while only propofol was given in group B.Some factors were observed,including intraoperative movement,posterperative adverse effects,total dose of propofol,SpO2,blood pressure,heart rate,awake time,and VAS score.Results:Frequency of intraopertive movement in group A is less than in group B;Awake time in group A is longer than in group B;Adverse effect such as nausea,dizziness and somnolence in group A is more than in group B;VAS score in group A is lower than in group B.Conclusions:Preoperative administration of tramadon can reduce intraoperative movement and alleviate postoperative pain regardless of some adverse effect.


The major factor faced by Agricultural activities is water scarcity. Water is very essential in Agricultural activities (plantation), crop acquires water naturally by precipitation and subsurface moisture, when the supply of water is inadequate for crop use, mostly results to irrigation. This present study estimates and compares six various universally accepted models for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET0) for Kano situated in the Sahelian climatic zone of Nigeria using measured meteorological parameters of monthly average daily global solar radiation, sunshine hour, wind speed, minimum and maximum temperatures and relative humidity covering a period of thirty one years (1988 – 2018). Four different statistical validation indices of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Bias Error (MBE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and coefficient of correlation (R) were carried out to test the accuracy of the evaluated models. The result indicated that high value of ETo was found in the month of April with 10.0256 mm/day for Kano and a low value was found to be in August with 5.0804 mm/day for Kano. The Blaney – Morin Nigeria model was found more accurate for Kano with RMSE, MBE, MAE and R values as 1.5078 mm/day, -1.4634 mm/day, 1.4634 mm/day and 0.9790 respectively.


6-(N-Substituted amino)-3-arylcyclohex-2-enol (7) was designed as a new type of β-adrenergic blocker on the basis of the X-ray crystallographic data for propranolol. Eight such compounds (7) were prepared by a six-step sequence of reactions from 3-arylcyclohex-2-enone (8), and tested for β-blocking activity in vitro. A weak β-blocking activity was exhibited by 6-(1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl) amino-3-phenylcyclohex-2-enol (7e).


The basic principle of the ultrasonic wave method,sonic pipe inbuilt technology,field detection methods and detection result measuring and testing technique were illustrated.Combined with the engineering example,through analysis and treating sonic time,wave amplitude and frequency and evaluate the pile foundation quality,it pointed that the ultrasonic wave method was a highly active and fast method to detect the bored concrete pile integrity.


As one of the most sensitive regions to climatic changes,the face of alpine habitats is experiencing great changes during the past decades.In terms of alpine plant species,global warming would lead to their changes in many different aspects.This paper reviewed the studies of the responses of alpine and subalpine plants to global warming.In face of global warming,changes in plant individuals' physiology and morphology would firstly emerge,which further give rise to the changes in interactions among plant species.Progressively affected by cascade effects the whole ecosystem would change greatly in structure,vegetation distribution pattern,biomass productivity,plant biodiversity and so on.Following the increasing of air temperature,the positions of treeline in both high latitudes and high elevations were commonly observed to advance.The general facilitations among alpine plant species would diminish as the ameliorating of environmental conditions in the past decades due to climate changes and human activities.Overall,the responses of alpine plant species were reflected in all aspects of survival,production and reproduction of plant life.On the other hand,the responses of plant assemblages such as species diversity in different regions were idiosyncratic which was dependent on abiotic and biotic factors in different plant communities.All those studies provided evidences that the impact of anthropogenically induced climate changes on alpine plant species would finally result in the changes in the structure and function of alpine ecosystem.In combination with domestic studies,at last several schemes of the studies in the field of alpine plants' responses to global warming are listed for the future work.Ref 147


A series of heterocycle containing amide derivatives (1–28) were synthesised by the combination of acyl chlorides (1a, 2a) and heterocyclic/homocyclic ring containing amines, and their in vitro antifungal activity was evaluated against five plant pathogenic fungi, namely Gibberella zeae, Helminthosporium maydis, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Results of antifungal activity analysis indicated that some of the products showed good to excellent antifungal activity, as compound 2 showed excellent activity against G. zeae and R. solani and potent activity against H. maydi, B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum, and compounds 1, 8 and 10 also displayed excellent antifungal potential against H. maydi, B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum and good activity against R. solani when compared with the standard carbendazim. Graphical Abstract


Previous studies of anti‐dsDNA, nucleosome (Nucl), histone (His), and C1q antibodies have revealed their clinical value in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the correlation between four autoantibodies and SLE activity, lupus nephritis (LN) remains controversial, and data are insufficient on longitudinal monitoring. This study aimed at evaluating the value of these autoantibodies in active LN, and their performance on cross‐sectional evaluating and longitudinal monitoring of SLE disease activity.


The manufacturing project of building material equipment has a long cycle, large resource consumption, and great difficulty in the overall progress control of the project. The data entry method and the hierarchical early warning method based on the multi-terminal have been proposed to solve the problems of feedback on the progress data is not timely and the lack of pertinence of overdue early warning prompts. It makes full use of the advantages of different terminals to adapt to the complex conditions at different stages of the project for building material equipment manufacturing enterprises and makes progress data feedback more timely. Furthermore, the progress hierarchical early warning mechanism enables to accurately locate the relevant personnel when the schedule is overdue and improve information processing efficiency. This article gives examples of hierarchical early warning for project progress, and verifies the effectiveness of the method with specific building materials engineering projects.


Partitioning of crustal shortening between the colliding continental plates is highly variable in nature. Physical controls of such variability remain largely enigmatic and require quantitative understanding. In this study, we employ 2‐D thermomechanical numerical modeling to investigate the influence of the rheological properties of the continental crust on the dynamics and distribution of crustal shortening during continental collision. Three major physical parameters, (i) the mechanical strength of the upper crust, (ii) the Moho temperature, and (iii) the convergence rate, are investigated, and their influences on crustal shortening partitioning between the lower and upper plates are systematically documented. Numerical modeling results suggest that a strong upper crust of the lower plate, high Moho temperature, and slow convergence rate favor migration of crustal shortening from the lower to the upper plate. Our numerical modeling results compare well with natural observations from the Alpine orogenic system where variable partitioning of crustal deformation between the plates is documented.


This article describes an approach to knowledge base (KB) formation for automating the process of architectural de-sign of software systems (SS) based on the experience of previous projects. Software architecting is the presentation of software systems in the form of design artifacts and their architecture. When developing a new SS it is possible to im-prove its quality based on the experience of previous projects. The experience of previous projects is successful archi-tectural solutions contained in the knowledge base of the design organization. Such a KB should be formed in the pro-cess of analyzing design artifacts extracted from previous projects: source code, project diagrams, data models, struc-tured text resources, etc. This article describes a KB model of a design organization and a model of the 1C: Enterprise 8 (1C) application solution as an example of a design artifact. The article also presents a method for generating frag-ments of a KB in the process of analyzing an applied solution for the 1C application and a method for generating use-case diagrams based on the KB content. A set of experiments was executed to evaluate the adequacy of the proposed models and methods. The results of experiments for assessing quality in terms of accuracy (the presence of elements of the expert diagram in the generated diagram) and completeness (the presence of elements in the generated diagram that are absent in the expert diagram) are presented. According to the results of the experiments, the average value of accuracy is 0.875, and the completeness is 0.6.


The purpose of the work is to obtain new relationships in the mathematical model of perturbed motion of an articulated container carrier with a rudder frame on a pneumatic wheel during movement on technological roads of industrial enterprises. The main source of perturbations is skew-symmetric kinematic disturbances on the part of the inequalities of the covering of technological roads, which are approximated by harmonic functions along one track. The basis of the mathematical apparatus of the theoretical research is the methodology of analytical mechanics using the Lagrange equation of the second kind. The object of the study is reduced to a two-lobe dynamic system with two degrees of freedom, where the generalized coordinates are represented by linear and angular displacements of the container frame of the container carrier, which leads to the compilation of two differential equations of motion. The right-hand side of these equations describes the parameters of kinematic perturbation. From solving differential equations of perturbed motion of a container carrier with a rudder frame in the presence of skew-symmetric kinematic perturbations, the own dynamic characteristics of the system are obtained, the condition of loss of stability in transverse fluctuations of an articulated container carrier with a roller frame is recorded, a solving condition is obtained for determining the critical speed at which the system loses stability. The developed mathematical model contributes to the active intervention in power of the dynamical characteristics in the transverse vibrations of an articulated container carrier with a roller frame on the pneumatic wheel through the choice of the corresponding rigid characteristics of the stabilizer of transverse stability. Illustrative decoupling correlations demonstrate an algorithm of influence on system parameters at the stage of design development in order to create the perfect model of an articulated container carrier with a roller frame on a pneumatic wheel, which guarantees a great practical significance of the research.


4‐Aminopyridine (4‐AP) facilitates both inhibitory and excitatory synaptic activity in the central nervous system, and may, therefore, be a drug of potential therapeutic use in brain diseases with a disturbed synaptic transmission. In the present study the vasomotor effects upon isolated feline brain vessels, and regional cerebral blood flow and brain cortical metabolism in rats were examined. At high concentrations (above 10−6 M) a minor vasoconstriction was obtained of isolated pial vessels. Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow using the 14C‐ethanol technique resulted in a significant increase in blood flow of caudate nucleus (93 %), thalamus (74 %) and cerebellum (82 %). The arteriovenous oxygen difference of cortical tissue was reduced from 3.20 mmol O2/ml to 1.69 mmol O2/ml by 4‐AP. This was not associated with an increase in cortical blood flow. Calculation of the cortical metabolic rate of oxygen, however, failed to demonstrate any significant change.


This paper empirically analyzes the influence of rents from natural resources on the composition of government spending and investigates whether the relationship differs between democracies and autocracies. Both panel data and instrumental variable regressions suggest that there is a negative joint effect of autocracy and natural resource dependency on education spending. Moreover, there is slight evidence in the results of a positive joint effect on spending for social protection, while other components of government spending do not seem to be influenced. In particular, the results do not suggest that autocratic regimes in resource-dependent countries spend relatively more on military.


Coronary artery anomalies are clinically important as there have been reports of sudden death, fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction associated with exercise in persons with certain types of unusual coronary anatomy. Anomalous origin of the circumflex artery is not an uncommon finding; however dual origin of the circumflex artery is a rare anomaly. An extensive search of literature indicates that there have been only two such prior reports, both with nondominant anomalous left circumflex arteries. We describe here the first report of 'twin' circumflex arteries with the anomalous dominant circumflex coronary artery arising from the right coronary trunk and a non-dominant circumflex artery from left coronary artery. This was diagnosed by conventional coronary angiography and then confirmed with 64-slice multidetector computed axial tomographic (MDCT) angiography. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of twin circumflex coronary artery clearly demonstrated by both invasive and non-invasive techniques. No such confirmation by MDCT angiography has previously been reported in literature.


Sleeve of heat shrink safety (1) incorporating an identification strip (2) placed on and bonded to the interior of the sleeve so that it is clearly visible from the outside. Said strip (2) is made of a non-shrinkable material of polyester type. This strip is provided with an identifier (4) and an authenticator (5) are listed in a database. Markings (4) and (5) do not suffer the effects of shrinkage. The strip and the sleeve are provided with a precut causing destruction of the strip at the opening of the object. So this safety sleeve simultaneously fulfills three functions: traceability, authentication, single use making an anti counterfeiting sleeve.


The article discusses how it has been found that it is actually politics that is the purpose of the Olympic Games and not sports itself. Pageantry obscures the Olympics' essential purpose first and foremost, the Games are designed to shine glory upon the nations that hold them. National politicians and government use the Olympics to achieve their individual or national goals. Certainly, the politics lying behind each Olympics may often be diffuse, but it is overt. Sport may be the style of the Olympics, but nationalism and geopolitics are the content.


is 15 mg/liter, which is unexpectedly greater than the component upper IQR values of 11 mg/liter for the 17 remission and 14 mg/liter for the 30 LDA subgroups (Table 1). The 30 LDA subgroup median CRP translated value of 0.1 mg/liter is also far lower than the median value of the complementary remission subgroup (1.0) as well as the median values of the LDA patients classified by the Clinical Disease Activity Index (2.0) and Simplified Disease Activity Index (1.9) definitions (1). Clarification of the above-mentioned upper IQR outlier values for CRP and inconsistent LDA median CRP values will be helpful in evaluating the comparative efficacy of serum CRP and calprotectin as biomarkers in the large spectrum of inflammatory disease activity of RA. Use of equivalent units of serum calprotectin and CRP as well as SAA or other biomarkers in future cross-sectional (1), longitudinal (2), or preclinical studies would permit more efficient direct data comparisons to interpret complex correlations with disease activity in RA.


Due to the seemingly uniqueness of physiological and behavioral characteristics of each individual, writer identification has shown to be a feasible task. Security is the primary reason to perform any kind of biometrics-related personal identification. There have been scarce research results for personal identification using online Chinese handwriting. In this paper, we present a novel approach for online writer identification based on the point distribution model (PDM). The PDM technique provides a means to describe the variations in shapes in a parametric form. As a statistical tool, the PDM combines the benefits of feature alignment and principal component analysis. By learning the eigenstructure of each writer's handwriting, the writer's specific style can be determined. Through projection onto the eigenspace of each individual's handwriting, discriminative features are obtained and utilized in the recognition process. In this work, we use the sum of the strength of major eigenmodes as a similarity metric. From the twelve-people experiment conducted, the best writer identification rate obtained is 97.3% in average. The appealing results suggest that the proposed method is a promising approach


A new calculation method of electron vacancy number in Ni-based high-temperature alloy was introduced,and then to predict microstructure stability and precipitation trend of topologically close-packed(TCP) phase in five kinds of typical Ni-based high-temperature alloy.The results show that it was accurate to predict precipitation trend of TCP phase in the substrate of Ni-based high-temperature alloy.However,it was unfit for predicting the precipitation trend of TCP phase in coating diffuse zone.


The operative treatment of infective thrombosis of intracranial sinuses is one even now of only recent date, and although there have been already recorded not a few cases of successful treatment, there seems to me to be still justification for the following record. The case was brought before the Glasgow Medico-Chirurgical Society upon 21st April, 1899, and as it suggested several interesting clinical, anatomical, and pathological questions, I have ventured to record it at some length. At the very outset one is met with the difficulty so commonly experienced in such cases?viz., the somewhat obscure diagnosis. Although in thrombosis of the cavernous sinus there exist, as a rule, definite enough aids to diagnosis, it is, unfortunately, not so in thrombosis of the sigmoid, or, generally, of the lateral sinus ; and the irony of this is apparent when it is remembered that, even yet, the prognosis in the


Abstract Objectives To determine the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) in the UK over the period 2004 to 2010, using the general practice database The Health Improvement Network (THIN). Methods Women in THIN, aged 18 to 44 years during 2004 to 2010, who had been registered with their general practitioner for at least five years, with a prescription history of at least one year were included. THIN was searched using the Read and MULTILEX codes for: copper intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs), the levonorgestrel releasing-intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), progestogen-only implants, and progestogen-only injections. Results The prevalence of progestogen-only implant use rose from 0.5 to 3.4%, and that of the LNG-IUS from 3.1 to 5.2%. The annual incidence and prevalence of progestogen-only implant use increased for all age groups but was most marked in younger women, whereas the use of the LNG-IUS augmented with increasing age. For all women, there was a small decrease in the prevalence of use of Cu-IUDs (from 5.4 to 4.8%) and progestogen-only injections (from 3.6 to 3.2%). Conclusions Uptake of progestogen-only implants and the LNG-IUS increased over the period 2004 to 2010 in the UK, but LARC use in young women remains low. Chinese Abstract 摘要 目的 通过全科数据库-健康促进网络数据库(THIN)明确2004至2010年间英国长效可逆避孕药(LARCs)的使用情况。 方法 研究纳入THIN数据库中,在2004年至2010年年龄18至44周岁的女性,在其全科医生处登记至少五年,处方史至少一年。使用Read和MULTILEX代码在THIN中搜索:含铜宫内节育器(Cu-IUDs),左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS),单孕激素植入和单孕激素注射。 结果 单孕激素植入的使用率由0.5%升高到3.4%,LNG-IUS的使用率由3.1升高到5.2%。单孕激素植入的年新增使用率和使用率在所有年龄组中均上升,在年轻妇女中上升的最为明显,而LNG-IUS的使用率随着年龄的增长而增加。 Cu-IUDs(5.4%到4.8%)和单孕激素注射(3.6%到3.2%)在整体人群中的使用率略有下降。 结论 2004年至2010年英国单孕激素注射和LNG-IUS使用率上升,但LARC在年轻妇女中的使用率仍保持低值。


Objective: To Study the Wild and Cultivated Root of Psammosilene Tunicoides W.C.et C.Y.Wu,to appraise its quality and to provide basis for setting up the drug standard of GAP or perfecting the crude drug standard of Psammosilene Tunicoides W.C.et C.Y.Wu in Guizhou province.Method: By observing the properties of the crude drugs and the root microscopic characters,and contrasting the difference of the wild and cultivated root.Result: Existing slight difference between the wild root and the cultivated root in color,drug size and arrange of pipe.Conclusion: The quality of the wild variety is better,the cultivation period of the root should be lengthened.


This paper investigates how potential defects in automobiles lead to vehicle recalls. Using data on vehicle recalls in the United States in 2014, I identifies how vehicle manufacturers make their recall decisions and what factors they consider to issue recalls. Using both a unique data and an empirical model, this paper finds that manufacturers issue recalls when higher expected liability costs are anticipated. In particular, vehicle manufacturers use information on the damages that have occurred in previous accidents reported to either the regulatory agent or themselves. I also find that the regulatory agent's investigative actions are positively associated with more recall issuance, which implies that their investigative activities send manufacturers a strong message to correct problems, given that recall issuance is basically voluntary. If there is a model change in a new-year model, then there are more recalls during the first year of sales. This shows that it is inevitable for manufacturers to issue more recalls because more defective parts are found in the process of adopting and introducing new features from facing competition in the automobile market. In conclusion, manufacturers, facing severe competition, issue more recalls to avoid expected liability costs from defects.


Free radical scavenging effects on superoxide anion radical by NADH-PMS-NBT system and hydroxyl radical by EDTANa2·Fe(Ⅱ)-H2O2 system of the metal complexes with chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan were studied. The results demonstrate that the four kinds of complexes all had significant scavenging effects on the superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical. The copper(Ⅱ) complexes display the highest scavenging effects on the superoxide anion radical. The zinc(Ⅱ ) complexes have higher scavenging effects on hydroxyl radical than the copper (Ⅱ) complexes. The metal complexes with carboxymethyl chitosan have higher scavenging effects on oxygen free radical than its complexes with chitosan.


Grapes are the fruits with highest rate of phenolic substances among all other fruits and vegetables but due to its enhanced susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea, its postharvest losses are also very high. In a country like Pakistan that has lesser advancement in post-harvest technological skills, a significant segment of this delicate fruit is lost. This study was conducted with an aim to minimize these losses by retaining healthy and attractive nutritional profile. Freshly harvested grapes after being sorted and graded were divided in three lots, two lots were immersed in aqueous solutions of 1% and 2% calcium chloride followed by modified atmosphere storage at 5% CO2 level, and third lot was control sample that was simply dipped in tap water at ambient conditions, 80% relative humidity and 10 ± 1°C temperature was kept same for all three lots. After being analyzed at harvest, stored grapes were then analyzed for total polyphenols, firmness, acidity, total sugars, total soluble solids and total viable count at 4th, 8th and 12th days of storage respectively. Overall results designated that grapes pretreated with 2% CaCl2 stored at 5% CO2 level retained maximum firmness, acidity and phenolic substances with minimum increase in soluble solid contents and significantly reduced incidence of browning caused by gray mold as compared to water washed control sample that was spoiled at the 8th day of storage. Grapes were stored for 12 days and the effect of storage days on differently pretreated samples was analyzed.


[Objective] The aim was to supply the theoretical basis for formulating non-public hazard control liminal value for root vermicule of garlic.[Method] With garlic as the tested materials,they were treated by chlorpyrifos with different concn.(100,200,400 and 800 mg/kg) by root irrigation for twice.With bitten rate was measurement unit,the control effects of different treatments on root vermicule of garlic were studied.[Result] As medication concn.was increased,the control effect of chlorpyrifos on root vermicule was strengthened gradually,the control effects of treatments with 400 and 800 mg/kg chlorpyrifos on root vermicule of garlic were 88.89% and 90.90% resp.,being significantly higher than that of other treatments;considering production cost,it was suitable to treat with 400 mg/kg chlorpyrifos for twice;to reduce damage of root vermicule,pesticide control could be used when the bitten rate reached 11.89%.[Conclusion] The optimum medication concn.of chlorpyrifos for controlling root vermicule of garlic was ascertained in this research.


Editing design, Preparation and operation consist of the editorial subjective initiative.whose main importance lies in promoting cultural establishment,developing its own mediun,and self improving editorial efficienty.The extent oriented purpose bringing the editorial subjective initiative into full play is to follow the three axxepted editorial rules:shifting from individual consciousness into collective one,menifesting the periodic(publication)running purpose,keeping accordance with objective criterion.


The concept of the sampling window is introduced for the central interpolation of finite energy band-limited functions. The sampling window does not increase the rate of convergence of the truncation error series, as do various convergence factors, but does significantly reduce the truncation-error bound.


Background: UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (Ugd) from E. coli K-12 is reported to be activated by tyrosine phosphorylation. Results: Ugd displayed NAD substrate inhibition that could be relieved by the addition of a nucleotide triphosphate in the absence of kinase. Conclusion: Nucleotide triphosphates are allosteric activators of Ugd. Significance: Tyrosine phosphorylation is not required for Ugd activation. UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (Ugd) generates UDP-glucuronic acid, an important precursor for the production of many hexuronic acid-containing bacterial surface glycostructures. In Escherichia coli K-12, Ugd is important for biosynthesis of the environmentally regulated exopolysaccharide known as colanic acid, whereas in other E. coli isolates, the same enzyme is required for production of the constitutive group 1 capsular polysaccharides, which act as virulence determinants. Recent studies have implicated tyrosine phosphorylation in the activation of Ugd from E. coli K-12, although it is not known if this is a feature shared by bacterial Ugd proteins. The activities of Ugd from E. coli K-12 and from the group 1 capsule prototype (serotype K30) were compared. Surprisingly, for both enzymes, site-directed Tyr → Phe mutants affecting the previously proposed phosphorylation site retained similar kinetic properties to the wild-type protein. Purified Ugd from E. coli K-12 had significant levels of NAD substrate inhibition, which could be alleviated by the addition of ATP and several other nucleotide triphosphates. Mutations in a previously identified UDP-glucuronic acid allosteric binding site decreased the binding affinity of the nucleotide triphosphate. Ugd from E. coli serotype K30 was not inhibited by NAD, but its activity still increased in the presence of ATP.


Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) makes it possible to perform logical and arithmetic operations on encrypted data that also happens in the underlying plaintext data. For example, let a and b be two numbers, and ε() an encryption function, then: ε(a)© ε(b) = ε(a+ b), where © would be the analogous addition operation for the set of encrypted samples. This property could facilitate data management for cloud service providers while protecting customers' data against leakage. In this report, we explored the homomorphic encryption using the TFHE scheme [Chillotti et al., 2020] and applied it to the Logistic Regression inference using libraries that already provide a few logical and arithmetic operations, implementing others as needed. We used two sets of data, the first a 1994 US census [Kohavi and Becker, 1994] that we employed during the development process and the second a post-surgical breast cancer dataset [Haberman, 1976] for reporting our results. We developed two models, the ciphertext model that worked with encrypted inputs and encrypted weights while the other, the cleartext, worked with cleartext only. This one we employed to find the best combination of precision for each ciphertext and the number of bits reserved for fraction so the execution time would be reduced but the inference accuracy preserved. With the ciphertext model, we focused on measuring the execution time. We concluded that the number of features a sample from each dataset needs have a great impact on the overall performance since it sets the number of multiplications required in the inference. Finally, we observed that the multiplication implementation we used can be from 20 to 40 times costlier than one addition operation depending on the chosen precision. 4 Takemoto, Guimarães, and Borin


This study investigates the effects of shopping attributes on shopping satisfaction by considering asymmetric relationships between these constructs. In addition, the study examines how the effects of various attributes differ according to nationality by using data collected from German, Dutch and British tourists in the historic town of Side. First, factor analysis results reflected 'tangibles', 'staff' and 'products' as the underlying shopping attributes. Next, an asymmetric impact performance analysis was used to categorize shopping attributes according to both their performances and their asymmetric effects on shopping satisfaction. Analyses of the results revealed that attributes' categorization varied according to country of residence. While the products attribute was identified as an excitement factor with high performance for German tourists, it was a basic factor with high performance for the British tourists. These findings confirmed the asymmetric effects of the attributes on satisfaction. The study concluded with theoretical and managerial implications of the findings and future research recommendations.


The cytologic features of adult rhabdomyoma, a rare benign tumor of skeletal muscle origin, have been infrequently reported in the literature. We present here a case of a rhabdomyoma involving the floor of the mouth of a 78‐year‐old man initially diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology. Cytologic features seen on Papanicolaou‐stained smear preparation included cohesive clusters of skeletal muscle cells having abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and often peripherally located nuclei. Although cross‐striations and elongated intracytoplasmic inclusions were not identified in the smears, they were noted in the cell block preparation of the aspirated specimen and in the touch preparation and histologic sections of the surgically resected specimen. The cytologic differential diagnosis of this tumor is discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:92–95. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Just as with its popular predecessor, Volume two of the Ethno Pop Textures series offers a wide array of bright, beautiful graphics ideal for adding an ethnic feel or splash of bohemia to any given project. Combining earthy textures drawn from cultures across the globe with the immediacy of modern pop culture, the graphics supplied in this book offer limitless creativity.


The behaviour of nonlinear systems can be affected by undesired inputs $the disturbances. To decrease or to decouple the influence of those disturbances this paper presents an advanced algorithm which solves the disturbance decoupling problem. Based on the mathematical foundations of differential algebra, the algorithm determines if a system is decouplable or not and which disturbance decoupling controller can be applied. The algorithm is restricted to rational systems. For handling analytical systems, a system transformation is introduced in order to receive a rational substitute system. The disturbance decoupling problem can then be solved for this substitute system.


Recently we described a mutualistic relationship between the oligophagous shoot-base boring weevil Apion onopordi Kirby (Coleoptera, Apionidae) and the monospecific rust fungus Puccinia punctiformis (Str.) Röhl. (Friedli & Bacher, 2001a; Bacher & Friedli, 2002), both parasites of the agricultural weed creeping thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. While female A. onopordi spread the plant pathogen, leading to an increase of systemically rust-infected thistle shoots in the year following weevil infestation, weevils benefit from a higher adult weight when developing in rust-infected shoots. Larger weevils also lay larger and more eggs per day. This interaction can be classified as a by-product-purloined mutualism (Connor, 1995), the weevil purloining benefits by feeding on rustinfected plant tissue and the rust receiving by-product benefits from the weevil promoting systemic infections in healthy thistles in the year following weevil attack. The mutualism is interesting from an ecological point of view because it is, to our knowledge, the first documented mutualistic interaction between a biotrophic plant pathogen and an insect herbivore; usually, these groups have an antagonistic relationship (Hatcher, 1995; Friedli & Bacher, 2001a). The mutualism may also be of economic importance, because the weevil and the rust fungus both may be useful biocontrol agents of the creeping thistle (Friedli & Bacher, 2001b), one of the world's worst weeds (Holm et al., 1977). Synergistic effects between weed biocontrol agents are supposed to be the cause of major control successes (Caesar, 2000). Thus the combination of both agents may be a promising approach. To date, evidence for fitness benefits for the weevil in this mutualism are only indirect; weevils that developed in shoots systemically infected by P. punctiformis were larger than weevils from healthy plants, and larger weevils in general laid more eggs per day (Friedli & Bacher, 2001a). While these findings indicate a fitness-relevant advantage for weevils developing in rust-infected shoots, direct evidence is missing. In this paper we report that female A. onopordi that had developed in creeping thistle shoots systemically infected by the rust fungus P. punctiformis show a higher survival rate during winter diapause and an increased lifetime fecundity compared to conspecifics that developed in healthy plants. These fitness benefits could partly, but not entirely, be attributed to an increased body size in weevils that developed in rust-infected thistles. The biology of the organisms is detailed in Friedli & Bacher (2001a).


Drilling practice at Puguang gas field indicates drilling with conventional drilling fluid has disadvantages of low ROP, long drilling cycle, and more drilling problems, not able to meet the development requirements for Puguang gas field. How to drill safe, fast and high-quality wells has become a major technical problem to be solved during exploration and development of Puguang gas field. In this paper, the evolution of air hammer and air bit has been reviewed, the structure, advantages and application considerations have been introduced, and the application results and the problems encountered when used at Puguang gas field are described. The practice proves air rotary percussion drilling is an effective way to fight the drilling challenges at Puguang gas field, is an important technology to fasten the development of Puguang gas field, and has provides a new scenario for fast vertical drilling in high-dip structures.


Heat transfer and pressure distribution due to two-dimensional repetitive sine wave distortions on flat plate at Mach 20 in helium


Summary. In their fundamental paper of 1967, Backus & Gilbert made the following conjecture (p. 265): '…that if we seek uniquely to determine v of the functions ρ, k, μ (with ν= 1, 2, 3) from the mass, moment, and eigen-frequencies of the normal modes, we need 2ν different infinite sequences of eigenfrequencies, each sequence consisting either of all toroidal modes of a given angular order or all spheroidal modes of a given angular order…'. We show that, at least if attention is not restricted to geophysically realistic solutions, the conjecture is false. The question of its validity remains open when attention is restricted to geophysically realistic solutions. However, as the present result indicates, the fact cannot now be ignored that, even in a quite appropriate geophysical context, an examination of angular-order spectra is not sufficient to determine ρ, k and μ.


When in 1996 I started recording the physical properties of the ostraca found in the excavation at Bakchias/Kom Umm el-Atl in the Fayum as field archaeological director of the Joint Archaeological Mission of Bologna and Lecce Universities, I strongly believed that ostraca and papyri were archaeological objects and that they must be documented as such.1 While these objects are important because of the texts written on them, they also have material properties, which should not be ignored since they are an integral part of the object and of its production process. An ostracon consists of a pottery support, a fragment of a vessel, on which someone wrote a text: in modern archaeological perspective, every object is part of production and consumption processes that are strictly linked with manufacturing technology and with personal, social, and cultural uses. This kind of cultural contextualization of objects allows us to study them as an integral part of life of the society that produced and used them, and not only as single items, pieces of art or texts. In the process of recording ostraca I became fascinated by a very basic question to which I did not have an answer: was the pottery fragment simply a piece of garbage found and used by chance by the scribe or, on the contrary, was it a purposeful choice? At that time, I had only a vague vision of the potential advantage of recording information about the material support of ostraca and would not imagine that it would become an important topic in papyrology, as Roger Bagnall pointed out in a recent article.2 I continued documenting ostraca supports also in my other field engagements with the help of ceramologists and registrars, in the hope to collect, sooner or later, a data-set that would be large and representative enough for a statistical analysis to try to answer my question. And the time and the persons did arrive, with Clementina Caputo's PhD research and now with the project directed by Julia Lougovaya.3 The recording of the ostraca supports went far beyond my first experience and has produced impressive results reflected in recent publications and in several contributions in this volume.4


Incorporating evidence-based healthcare practice would improve patients' response and safety and make patients partners in current healthcare practice. This partnership is certain to offer patients the opportunity to guide safety initiatives through data access by clinicians and encourage evidence-based healthcare while alleviating potential medical errors. In this paper, we promote a collaborative model that integrates interrelated concepts for responsive healthcare services that target patient-centred healthcare--with healthcare providers and relevant stakeholders in the loop. The implementation strategies for fulfilling the desired healthcare outcomes as well as design implications are also provided. The model is expected to offer transformative impact that would drive our weak healthcare system for improved healthcare and complement the huge dearth in healthcare services. The outcome is shared prosperity and health, and a mainstream of the people into healthcare decision making for informed policy planning and implementation.


Billie Dziech wrote The Lecherous Professor in 1984; articulating the problem of sexual harassment on college campuses. This work reflects on a variety of aspects of sexual harassment, its litigation and law.


Meloidogyne spp., the root-knot nematodes are obligate endo-parasites and perfect examples of highly adapted root parasitism. They are one of the major constraints in the production of field and plantation crops throughout the tropical, subtropical and temperate countries. These nematodes enjoy a guaranteed continuous supply of food and water from the host and protection within the gall for the females and their progeny. The damage to plants is due largely to the disruption of vascular tissues and extensive hypertrophy and hyperplasia of root cells. Besides the knotted roots, an infected plant shows poor growth, unthriftiness and general wilt symptoms the damage is aggravated by the parasites interaction with other pathogens such as fungi and bacteria (Siddiqi, 1986).


Nitrogen is a macro nutrient needed to support growth and productivity of sugarcane. Nitrogen requirement for sugarcane can be met through organic, inorganic, and biological fertilizers. The objectives of this study was to analyze the effect of N fertilizer treatments with the use of nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus on levels of nutrient nitrogen and the growth of sugarcane. Treatments tested in this study were P0 = control (no added fertilizer and bacteria), P1 = (800 kg N ha -1 + 5 mL bacteria inoculation), P2 = (600 kg N ha -1 + 5 bacteria inoculation), P3 = (400 kg N ha -1 + 5 mL bacteria inoculation), dan P4 = (200 kg N ha -1 + 5 mL bacteria inoculation). The results showed that treatment of N fertilizer doses did not significantly different for  populations of endophytic bacteria Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and the vegetative growth of sugarcane. Doses of N fertilizer treatment with utilization of endophytic bacteria Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus only significantly different on  N-total and N uptake of sugarcane. Treatment in P2 (600 kg N ha -1 + Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus 5 mL) has a larger population of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus endophytic bacteria than other treatments, is 53.0 x 10 2 cfu mL -1 , and has higher levels of N-total than other treatment is 0.16%. For vegetative growth of sugarcane in P1 (800 kg N ha -1 + Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus 5 mL) had a good influence for the high, number of leaves, dry weight and N uptake of sugarcane. While the  number of tillers in P4 (200 kg N ha -1 + Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus 5 mL) has a seedling growth more than other treatments


A cadre of chromatin-binding proteins helps rebuild the nuclear envelope after mitosis, [Anderson et al.][1] show. The proteins anchor the nascent envelope to the chromosomes and allow it to expand.

![Figure][2]

In dividing cells, removing one inner membrane protein slows the final stage of


Abstract. More than 50 cable-supported bridges have been built in Korea since 1980. While maintaining those infrastructures for last 30 years, we have experienced unexpected problems from operational field monitoring of long-span bridges. This paper discusses on what we have observed, learned and how we responded to those events. As an example, a vortex-induced vibration was observed in 2011 in parallel-disposed twin cable-stayed bridges. Operational monitoring and wind tunnel tests successfully identified that the close distance between two bridges was one of the main cause of the vibration. However, an operational modal analysis revealed that unexpected low damping ratio of the bridge was also contributed to the realization of this serviceability problem in an operating bridge. Another observation of vibration in a long-span suspension bridge also attracted our attention on the potential low damping ratio, which may invoke serviceability issues in assessment of bridges. This paper introduces the details of the cause investigations, assessment and mitigation of the serviceability problems, validation through field tests and operational monitoring, and concluding suggestions to bridge owners and engineers.


Introduction : It is essential to completely remove calcium hydroxide prior to root canal filling, in vitro studies have shown that its retentiveness in the ducts prevents the penetration of sealants in the dentinal tubules. Objective : to determine the effectiveness of the elimination of calcium hydroxide medication from the root canal of teeth using different irrigation systems. Methodology : 148 straight root canals of human teeth were prepared using files for irrigating with sodium hypochlorite. The root canals were filled using Ca (OH) 2 mixed with black ink to facilitate viewing under the microscope. The teeth were divided into 5 groups according to the elimination protocol. In each of the groups, the apical extrusion was measured during the irrigation stage by the Huang X method, after removal of Ca (OH) 2, they were sectioned longitudinally and then on a slide the samples were observed. Finally, the contents were analyzed to quantify the degree of extrusion caused during the clinical procedure. Tha ANOVA was used to statistical anlysis. Results : There were significant differences between groups 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 and 1-5. The average remanence was higher (66.4%). Groups 2 (41.6%) and 5 (34.8%) obtained greater removal efficiency. ANOVA (α = 0.05) determines that there are no significant differences between the 5 groups. Conclusions : Ultrasonic activation devices showed a greater elimination of calcium hydroxide medication from dentinal walls to manual techniques, however it proved to be a more invasive therapy due to a greater extrusion of detritus.


Abstract Two commonly used methods of dissolution of heavy metals in soils and sediments for atomic absorption spectrophotomety (AAS) determination were compared. Dry ashing and subsequent dissolution with 3 N HCl in a block digestor was shown to give a better estimate of the aqua regia‐soluble fraction than wet ash digestion with a mixture of HNO3 and HClO4 acids using reference materials. But both methods extracted significantly less than the certified total contents of most metals. In soils and sediments from SW Spain, the amounts extracted by the block heater method were generally greater than those obtained by wet ash digestion. In agricultural soils, highly significant differences were found between the amounts of Fe, Cu, and Zn extracted by both methods, but the significance decreases if both methods are used on soils or sediments from mining areas where metal contents are likely to be from recent deposits.


The aim of this final work is to analyze the issues of health insurance, embodied in the act on health insurance, in particular the part on an annual reconciliation of health insurance contributions, while highlighting its relevance and alignment with the European Union legislation. The first chapter is thematically focused on legislative background and development of insurance in Slovakia. An important legislative step was the adoption of Act no. 580/2004 Coll. and Public notice of the Ministry of Health No. 239/2006 Coll. These standards put in practice a system of prepayments for health insurance and its annual settlement, i.e. annual reconciliation. The second chapter is thematically focused on the basis of an annual health insurance reconciliation listing obligations of various categories of insured persons, with their characteristics and conceptual definition. There is also a reference to the significance and benefits of this institute in response to incomes of health insurance companies. This chapter also introduces the categories of insured persons in connection with obligatory or voluntary filing of an annual insurance reconciliation. The third chapter presents the important terms necessary for annual health insurance reconciliation. These terms are to be first used in the implementation of an annual reconciliation of 2009. In the past these terms were moved to the later period by amendments. The fourth chapter deals with an actual example and practical implementation of an annual reconciliation. There is also given a tool to select the form, since filing of an annual reconciliation is complex and administratively demanding. Examples are listed under each of the forms that are filled out by specified categories of insured persons. The fifth chapter discusses the possible future of annual health insurance reconciliation and the strategy in the field of insurance contribution and tax concepts.


: In this project fractional order universal filter are using three MO-CCCII symbols and two resistors and capacitors using BJTS also used. this paper work is using tanner software and matlab .schematic are desiging the tanner sedit and the matlab program for the filter verify the show the performance of it. also used .the study on non-inverting filter based CFOA.


We consider the nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equation with a defocusing nonlinearity which is mass-(super)critical and energy-subcritical. We prove uniform in time error estimates for the Lie-Trotter time splitting discretization. This uniformity in time is obtained thanks to a vectorfield which provides time decay estimates for the exact and numerical solutions. This vectorfield is classical in scattering theory, and requires several technical modifications compared to previous error estimates for splitting methods.


The utility model mainly discloses a penetration node structure of a space intersection circular steel tube truss, which comprises a main truss chord member, a sleeve and a secondary truss chord member, wherein the sleeve is sheathed on the secondary truss chord member; and the main truss chord member is connected with the sleeve. The utility model solves the problems of difficult instillation and location, poor installation accuracy and unsafe construction process in the conventional construction method.


In a sequential mixed mode survey, instead of offering different modes from the onset, the data collection usually starts with an inexpensive mode for the whole sample, followed by more expensive modes to attract non-respondents. In this paper, we analyze to what extent this type of design, consisting in this case of web, telephone and mail-paper modes, is able to improve representativeness in terms of socio-demographic variables and reduce bias in terms of voting behavior compared to a single mode survey. In addition, we study whether changes in mode lead to measurement error issues by focusing on income. We find that adding the telephone mode improves sample representation in terms of socio-demographic variables, while adding the paper mode does not show further improvements in this respect. However, adding the telephone, and in particular the paper mode, turn out to reduce bias in terms of voting behavior. As for measuring income, the web and the telephone mode perform similarly well. Finally, we find little evidence of measurement differences of income when the same respondents are interviewed first by web or telephone and subsequently by paper questionnaire.


An apathetic life is not the sort of life that most of us would want for ourselves or believe that we have a duty to strive for. And yet Kant argues that we have a duty of apathy, a duty to strive to be without affects (Affecten) and passions (Leidenschaften). But is Kant's claim that there is a duty of apathy really as problematic as it sounds? I shall seek to answer this question in the negative by, in sections one to four, investigating Kant's account of affects and passions. There I will show that an affect is a short-lived eruption of feeling that temporarily robs you of your capacity for reflection and a passion is a persistent inclination that is so motivationally powerful that it makes governing yourself on the basis of reasons very difficult or even impossible. Finally, in section five, I shall defend the duty of apathy against internal and external critiques. While Kant's distinction between affects and passions has been examined before,1 albeit more briefly than I do so here, the duty of apathy itself has not yet received the detailed defence that it deserves given its central importance to Kant's understanding of virtue. However, I will not be seeking to give a complete account of either Kant's theory of virtue (including inner freedom) or the role of emotions in Kant's critical philosophy as a whole since this would require another paper.2 The aim here is to investigate the duty of apathy specifically as it relates to affects and passions and, by focusing on the details of this duty, to shed some new light on these broader issues.


The redox characteristics, electronic absorption, steady-state emission, nanosecond laser flash photolysis, and a femtosecond laser spectroscopic study have been carried out for a series of monomeric, homobimetallic, and heterobimetallic complexes with M(bpy)2Cl-based moieties (M = RuII and OsII) and ethynyl- and butadiynyl-bridged polyphosphines, namely Ph2PC⋮CPPh2 (C2P2) and Ph2PC⋮CC⋮CPPh2 (C4P2). These complexes were synthesized by reactions of the spacers with cis-M(bpy)2Cl2 or by coupling reaction between two [Cl(bpy)2M(Ph2PC⋮CH)](PF6) (M = RuII, OsII) molecules. Electronic communication through polyphosphine/polyyne spacers is found to decrease upon increase of the carbon chain length, and the comproportionation constant Kc was calculated as 14−18 for species with C2P2 and ca. 4 for the ones with C4P2. In addition, fast intramolecular energy transfer from the RuII-based donor to the OsII-based acceptor, with rate constant of (2.4−2.5) × 109 s-1, occurs within heterobimetallic complexes via a Dexter-...


The US Geological Survey conducted a coal-hydrology monitoring program in coal-field areas of central and southern Utah during August 1978-September 1984 to determine possible hydrologic impacts of future mining and to provide a better understanding of the hydrologic systems of the coal resource areas monitored. Data were collected at 19 gaging stations - 18 stations in the Price, San Rafael, and Dirty Devil River basins, and 1 in the Kanab Creek Basin. Types of data collected at each station included quantity and quality of stream-flow; suspended sediment concentrations; and descriptions of stream bottom sediments, benthic invertebrate, and phytoplankton samples. Also, base flow measurements were made annually upstream from 12 of the gaging stations. Stream bottom sediment sampled at nearly all the monitoring sites contained small to moderate quantities of coal, which may be attributed chiefly to pre-monitoring mining. Streamflow sampled at several sites contained large concentrations of sulfate and dissolved solids. Also, concentrations of various trace elements at 10 stations, and phenols at 18 stations, exceeded the criteria of the EPA for drinking water. The data collected during the complete water years (1979-84) of monitoring do provide a better understanding of the hydrologic systems of the coal field areas monitored.more » The data also provide a definite base by which to evaluate hydrologic impacts of continued or increased coal mining in those areas. 14 refs., 32 figs., 21 tabs.« less


Under the background of part social consumers' behaviors, through the comparison of explicit and implicit propaganda design, the Publicity design aiming to sale and the cure type design established on the psychology, the design in design is discussed from the perspective of the experiential consumption of the group. That is to say, the design language and pattern are followed from the dynamic relationship.


Multiple demographic factors can affect ranger experiences and perceptions of their work, including factors like gender, age, and income. Similarly, whether a ranger is local to their conservation area might influence their experiences and perceptions of the work. This premise, however, has received limited attention. In this study we use survey data from across 11 countries to explore how being local to a conservation area might affect ranger experiences and perceptions. We define local rangers as originally being from within 20km of their conservation area. Our findings suggest that being local corresponds to more positive relations with local communities. Our results also imply that whilst being a local ranger might not directly affect job satisfaction, local rangers may well enjoy higher job satisfaction because of how they tend to differ from non-local rangers in other characteristics (e.g., lower formal education; greater access to familial support; more amicable community relations). Moreover, our findings indicate that non-local rangers tend to experience certain symptoms associated with a challenging job (e.g., feeling worn out and emotionally exhausted) more regularly than local rangers, which might correspond to lower welfare. In all, our findings indicate that further, more in-depth research into how the perceptions and experiences of local versus non-local rangers might differ could be useful. Examining the links between being a local ranger and community relations might be especially valuable.


The utility model discloses a limit switch system of an electromagnetic induction door, which belongs to the field of door switch control machinery and comprises an electromagnetic induction limiter, an electromagnetic induction magnet head, a PLC programmable controller and a control circuit, wherein the electromagnetic induction limiter is disposed at the edge of a door frame, the electromagnetic induction magnet head is disposed at the edge of a movable door and corresponds to the electromagnetic induction limiter, and the control circuit is arranged inside the electromagnetic induction limiter and matches with the PLC programmable controller. The limit switch of an electromagnetic induction door is capable of firstly identifying whether the limit switch of the door can work normally or not to ensure safety of people getting on and off a crown block, secondly has high working reliability, lowers failure rate of the limit switch of the door, and ensures a crane mechanism of a hoist to meet requirements of smooth production.


Remote Access MicroMeSH (RAMM) is a powerful but easy to use Microcomputer system for searching the medical literature. RAMM uses MicroMeSH, a system for accessing the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) vocabulary, to facilitate off-line creation and refinement of highly specific MEDLINE search queries. Using these queries RAMM automatically searches and retrieves citations from the MEDLINE databases through the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLARS). As search query creation and citation review are performed off-line the cost of on-line searching in minimized.


The present invention is directed to a stitch-bonded elastic polymeric composite comprising a non-fibrous elastically extensible substrate stitched with a substantially inextensible yarn system. The composite may have an optional fibrous layer stitch-bonded to the non-fibrous substrate either over or under the non-fibrous elastic substrate. The composite preferably has a shrinkage during boil-off of less than about 10%. The stitching yarn network preferably allows stretch beyond the as-stitched dimensions of about 10- 100% in at least one direction, and the composite can recover from this stretch to within 5% in at least one direction.


The article discusses the tradition of tolerance development as an important part of spiritual and moral culture in the Ossetian ethnopedagogy. In the search of methods of upbringing of a tolerant person the author approaches to the historical and cultural backgrounds of the Ossetians, their traditions, customs, spiritual and moral values that are included in the national pedagogy.


A semi‐implicit scheme is presented for large eddy simulation of turbulent reactive flow and combustion in reciprocating piston engines. First, the governing equations in a deforming coordinate system are formulated to accommodate the moving piston. The numerical scheme is made up of a fourth‐order central difference for the diffusion terms in the transport equations and a fifth‐order weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) scheme for the convective terms. A second‐ order Adams–Bashforth scheme is used for time integration. For higher density ratios, it is combined with a predictor–corrector scheme. The numerical scheme is explicit for time integration of the transport equations, except for the continuity equation which is used together with the momentum equation to determine the pressure field and velocity field by using a Poisson equation for the pressure correction field. The scheme is aimed at the simulation of low Mach number flows typically found in piston engines. An efficient multigrid method that can handle high grid aspect ratio is presented for solving the pressure correction equation. The numerical scheme is evaluated on two test engines, a laboratory four‐stroke engine with rectangular‐shaped engine geometry where detailed velocity measurements are available, and a modified truck engine with practical cylinder geometry where lean ethanol/air mixture is combusted under a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) condition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In a situation where a long shaft, rigidly coupled to a motor, drives a load, the mechanical system may show low damped mechanical resonance. In this case, the torsional vibrations present may cause the wearing of gearboxes and quality deterioration of the working process, as well as the end products. A state controller with a state observer can damp these torsional vibrations. An adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) can be used to approximate a state observer and finally, the whole state controller. This paper compares the two.


In the areas of climatology, hydrology, water resources, and agriculture, high resolution, both temporal and spatial, is required. Although both ground-based and rain gauge radar can provide very accurate readings with high temporal and spatial resolution, these types of radar cannot cover areas such as mountain ranges and tropical rain forests that take up large areas of the globe. For these areas, satellite precipitation estimation can be a solution. Many different methods and algorithms have been developed for precipitation satellite estimation. These methods can be categorized into groups in terms of the sensors used in the algorithms. These groups can be IR-based, (Arkin, et al. 1987) microwave-based (Ferraro 1995, Kummerow, et al. 2001), based on a combination of IR and radar (Huffman 2007, Hsu 2000, Todd 2001, Joyce 2004, Turk 2000, Sorooshian 2000, Ferraro 1995), or based on a combination of IR, lightning, and radar (Goodman 1988, Grecu 2000, Morales and 2003, and Chronis 2004). Rainfall estimation algorithms can also be classified into three groups depending on the level of information extracted from infrared cloud images. These groups are the cloud-pixel-based, cloud local-texture-based and cloud patch–based algorithms (Hong, et al. 2004). In cloud-pixelbased algorithms, a rain rate (constant or variable) is assigned to every pixel of the cloud (Arkin, et al. 1987). The cloud local-texture-based technique calculates pixel rain rates by considering a range of the neighborhood pixel coverage (Wu, et al. ,1985) Cloud-patch-based techniques use cloud coverage under a specified temperature threshold. The PERSIANN-CCP algorithm (Hong, et al. 2004) is an example of using this technique.


The combination of electron-rich alkoxyacetylenes and cationic gold catalysts provides excellent reactivity for the Meyer-Schuster rearrangement under mild conditions. Optimization of the reaction conditions with respect to stereoselectivity and investigations into the scope and mechanism of the rearrangement of secondary ethoxyalkynyl carbinols (y-ethoxy-substituted propargyl alcohols) to α,β-unsaturated esters are described.


The main purpose of the present study was to find out the relative effect of hatha yoga and aerobic training on body mass index variables among endomarphy type boys. To achieve the purpose of the study, 45 boys will be selected at random from in and around Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. There were age of the subjects are ranged between 13-17 year. The Selected subjects were divided into three equal groups as follows Hatha Yoga Group (HYG) underwent practice yoga, Aerobic Training Group (ATG) underwent aerobic training and Control Group (CG) did not participate any training. The hatha Yoga group consists of 15 subjects who undergone the practice of Asanas and Pranayama. The Aerobic group consists of 15 subjects who undergone rhythmic Aerobic exercises. A qualification criterion for the experimental group was some participation in school level sports and games in order to sustain the training process. The post--tests were conducted on the above said dependent variables after a period fourteen weeks. The difference between the pre-test and post test was considered the effect of respective experimental practice. To test the statistical significance ANCOVA was used. In all cases 0.05 levels was fixed to test the hypothesis.


The rapid growth of the fast food industry has caused sharp competition in Taiwan. Therefore, it should value effective organizational management and service performance as the critical issues to reduce service sabotage during service delivery and offer better human resource management performance. This study started to probe into the work behaviors of frontline service employees based on the model of Service Sabotage and it proposed by Harris and Ogbonna (2002, 2006). In addition, we derived from the concept of service sabotage to explore the relationships among service climate, ethical climate, and service-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). A survey was conducted with 245 employees working in Taiwan's fast food restaurants to test the proposed research model. The results revealed both service climate and ethical climate had significant effects on both service sabotage and service-oriented OCBs. In addition, service sabotage had significantly negative effects on service-oriented OCBs. Based on the findings, some managerial implications and suggestions for further research were proposed.


In Turkey, same as all around the world, the number of dissertations and thesis focusing on different aspects of the field of distance education has been increasing tremendously. The main goal of this content analysis study was to examine the thesis and dissertations completed in Anadolu University Social Sciences Institute Distance Education Program. Theses and dissertations included in this study were investigated according to their topic, theoretical background, research methods, design, data collection tools, and participants.


The main points of our work were ( i ) to characterize statistical properties of the traditional computation of Granger–Geweke (GG) causality and ( ii ) to analyze how the dynamics of the system are represented in the GG-causality measure.

Barnett et al. (1) point out that the issues with bias and variance in the conditional GG causality can be addressed using a state-space approach and a single-model fit. We certainly agree that this is the case and demonstrated this in the doctoral thesis by Stokes (2). We also acknowledge that the MVGC toolbox uses a single-model fit as described in ref. 3 (a correction has been submitted to address this …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: patrickp{at}nmr.mgh.harvard.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


We examine a periodic-review stochastic inventory model in which the buyer places orders to meet stochastic demands under an incremental quantity discount schedule with a single price-break point. With a general demand distribution, we prove the optimality of a state-dependent base-stock policy for the single-period problem and provide simple bounds on the optimal order-up-to levels for the multiple-period problem. We also solve the infinite horizon problem by using the policy iteration method. Our computational results suggest that a state-dependent base-stock policy is also optimal for the multiple-period and infinite-horizon problems.


The sulfoxidation of thiodiglycolic acid with iron(III)- salen chloride, which acts as an oxidizing agent without any terminal oxidant, in 50% aqueous acetonitrile medium has been studied. A substantial red shift in the λmaxvalue of Fe III -salen was observed in aqueous medium. The spectrophotometric kinetic study indicates that (Fe III (salen)) + is the active oxidizing species and the reaction follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to the substrate. The rate of the reaction is highly sensitive to the medium. A reaction mechanism involving electron transfer from sulfur atom of thiodiglycolic acid to the central iron atom of (Fe III (salen)) + is proposed. The presence of nitrogenous bases like pyridine, imidazole and 1-methylimidazole shows a retarding effect on the reaction rate. This can be explained on the basis of binding of these ligands to the coordination sphere of (Fe III (salen)) + prior to the reaction with the substrate. The observed order of reactivity, pyridine > 1-methylimidazole > imidazole, is in


Comparison of direct and indirect measurements of water permeability on relatively large undisturbed and compacted Scottish till specimens in rigid-wall (Rowe cells) and flexible-wall (triaxial cells) permeameters shows the interaction of macro-fabric, test method, evaluation basis, effective stress, and possibly sidewall leakage. At low stresses, the sidewall leakage in a Rowe cell is the most likely cause of the directly measured permeability, k d , and pore-pressure-dissipation-based permeability, k p , becoming higher than settlement-based permeability, k s . Similarly, fissures raise permeability measured in both permeameters. Generally, k p is higher than k s (or volume-change-based k v from triaxial cells) with k a in between but closer to k s (or k v ). The differences decrease with increasing stresses; the reduction rate for fissured specimens is dependent on fissure coating thickness and permeability.


The use of a wrist-worn sensor that is able to read nearby RFID tags and the wearer's gestures has been suggested frequently as a way to both detect the objects we interact with and to identify the interaction. Making such a prototype feasible for longer-term deployments is far from solved however, as plenty of challenges remain in the hardware, embedded algorithms, and the overall design of such a bracelet-like device. This paper presents several of the challenges that emerged during the development of a functioning prototype that is able to sense interaction data for several days. We focus in particular on RFID tag reading range optimization, efficient data logging methods, meaningful evaluation techniques, and long-term deployments.


The general trend in the manufacturing of CFRP components is to fabricate near net shape components, however machining is often required as well as desirable to produce bores, notches and to enhance the surface quality. The conventional machining operations used for CFRP components are Turning, Milling and Drilling. Among these conventional machining operations, milling still lacks its due attention because of the complex nature of the process. In the presented study, experiments according to Taguchi's Design of experiments technique were conducted to optimize end mill's geometric parameters in milling of Multidirectional CFRP laminates. The geometric parameters considered for optimization are Rake Angle, Helix Angle and Clearance angle. The optimization was done to minimize both the cutting force generated during the milling and the surface roughness of the machined surface. The optimal combination for Cutting force was found to be 9 rake angle, helix angle of 60 and clearance angle of 10. For surface roughness, rake angle of 5, helix angle of 60 degree and clearance angle of 10 was the optimal tool geometric parameters combination. Validation tests were then conducted to check the validity of the selected approach.


1) INTRODUCTION: We are interested in transmitting pseudo-noise (CDMA) signals over a multipath channel, measuring the channel from the output, and using that measurement to subtract the effect of the transmitted signal from the received waveform. The reason for wanting to do this is to take advantage of stripping for multiaccess communication, but we can study the channel measurement and the noise introduced by stripping without reference to the multiple sources. Thus here we look at only a single source. LOW PASS EQUIVALENTS: Consider M-ary signalling with the M signals ul(t),...,uM(t). Let T be the intersymbol duration, so that each T seconds, one of the signals {um(t), lm • }MI is transmitted. We assume that um(t) is essentially non-zero only for O<t<T so that successive signals do not overlap. After passing through the multipath channel there will be some overlap which we discuss later. The signals all have bandwidth W, centered around some carrier frequency fo>>W. Letting Um(f) = I um(t)e-j 2n ft dt be the Fourier transform of um(t) for each m, we take the low pass equivalent waveforms xm(t) with Fourier transforms Xm(f) to be defined by Xm(f) = Um(f+f 0), f>-fo and Xm(f) = 0 otherwise (see Fig. 1).


portions the mixture would actually yield no less than 36 per cent. of A samples. In other words, the filters, instead of having to deal with raw river water, almost entirely of the C class (Thames, 93.8; Lee, 95.0; New River, 46.9 per cent.), deal on the average with water which, as regards over one-third of the samples, is at least one-hundred times better on the basis of the test employed (36.7 per cent. of A samples). Satisfactory as these results are, they do not represent, in Dr. Houston's opinion, the highest standard that could be even economically attained. Altered regulations as regards abstraction of river water, more perfect circulation of the water through the reservoirs, and 1' pooling " of stored water interests would, Dr. Houston considers, result in all the filter beds receiving water yielding over 50 per cent. of A samples.


Cycloaddition chemistry of dichloronaphthoquinones has led to regioselective syntheses of all regioisomeric α-O- methyl derivatives of morindone (2) and nataloe-emodin (4), including the natural anthraquinone ethers (1) and (3).


The study was conducted in Haryana state and a questionnaire concerned with awareness and benefits of agricultural waste management was designed for the personal interview. The overall awareness indicated that awareness about the utilization of biogas plant waste, mushroom waste, wheat waste, mustard and horticultural waste was high (more than 70 percent). Most of the farmers made animal feed, fuel, compost, vermicompost, mulching material, biogas and animal shelter using agricultural waste. The awareness about various products that can be made from agricultural wastes was very high but farmers did not use the waste to fullest potential. Results pertaining to benefits to farmers after utilization of agricultural waste revealed that most of the farmers were benefited in very ordinary ways like high milk yield, addition income by selling waste to brick yards, reduced expenditure on chemical fertilizers, reduced waste available for disposal, clean and safe environment, etc. the study concludes that initiatives should be taken for promoting the use of agricultural waste and starting industries for making value added products, handicrafts for making bags, mats, hats, carpets, etc., handmade paper industry and others to utilize the waste to the fullest potential leading to sustainable development.


A study comparing the performance of several computer programs for integrating systems of ordinary differential equations is reported. The integration methods represented include multistep methods (predictor-correctors), single-step methods (Runge-Kutta) and extrapolation methods (both polynomial and rational). The testing procedure is described together with the evaluation criteria applied. A set of test problems on which the programs were tested is included in an appendix. For the particular problems and criteria used in the investigation it was found that a program based on rational extrapolation showed the best performance.


This article focuses on whether, by banning anti-abortion protests in safe access zones, the legislation might infringe the implied freedom of political discourse under the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia. It reviews the buffer zone legislation in Victoria, Tasmania and the ACT.


Objective To investigate the effect of CTNNB1 short hairpin RNA(shRNA) on the growth of human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice. Methods The plasmid vector of CTNNB1 shRNA was constructed and transfected into human colon cancer cell line Lovo. These cells were transplanted into nude mice to establish cancer xenograft. Tumor growth was monitored. Tumor morphology was observed by HE staining. The expression of CTNNB1 protein in tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Results No obvious damage of the internal organs was found in these nude mice. On the eighth week compared with the blank control groups, the tumor volume and weight were both significantly smaller in the CTN group. The volume and weight inhibition rate was about 50 9% and 55 2%,respectively. Furthermore, the CTNNB1 expression index was significantly lower and the apoptosis index of tumor cells was significantly higher in the CTN group (P<0.05). No significant difference was found between the negative control and blank control groups. Conclusions CTNNB1 shRNA can inhibit the growth of human colon cancer xenograft in nude mice, which provide a new way for the colon cancer gene therapy.

Key words:
RNA interference;  Colon cancer;  Nude mice;  CTNNB1;  Xenograft


This study aims to investigate the catalytic behaviors on W/TiO2 catalysts having different phases of TiO2 towards catalytic dehydration of ethanol to higher value products including ethylene, diethyl ether, and acetaldehyde. In fact, TiO2 support with different crystalline phases can result in differences of physico-chemical properties of the catalyst. Therefore, the present work reports on the catalytic behaviors that were altered with different phases of TiO2 in catalytic ethanol dehydration to diethyl ether or ethylene as a major product. To prepare the catalysts, three different phases [anatase (A), rutile (R), and mixed phases (P25)] of TiO2 supports were impregnated with 10 wt% of tungsten (W). It was found that the W/TiO2-P25 catalyst revealed higher activity among other catalysts. At 300 °C, all catalysts can produce the diethyl ether yield of 24.1%, 22.8%, and 10.6% for W/TiO2-P25, W/TiO2-A, and W/TiO2-R catalysts, respectively. However, when the reaction temperature was increased to 400°C, ethylene is the major product. The W/TiO2-P25 and W/TiO2-A catalysts render the ethylene yield of 60.3% and 46.2%, respectively, whereas only 15.9% is obtained from W/TiO2-R catalyst. The most important parameter influencing their catalytic properties appears to be the proper pore structure, acidity, and distribution of W species. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).


ApPRECIATI ON of the importance of poetry, carving and dance in communicating with ancestral spirits, and of the change taking place in modern Yoruba aesthetics, hopefully will give social scientists an improved understanding of the Yoruba culture. Religious change goes hand in hand with corresponding changes in other aspects of Yoruba life-style economy, law, marriage, family, kingship and education. But changes in religion are among the most profound and obvious. The attitude of the secular administration is pragmatic, advocating a course of assimilation in an attempt to force upon the Yoruba a cultural amalgam which includes "western" and "modern" elements. At present, the effect of this is social turmoil, deterioration and an emerging split between religion and everyday social life. Professor E.B. Idowu (himself a Yoruba), discussing the disintegration of social values among his people, makes a similar but more aggressive statement:


Two series of new fused pyrrolo[3',4':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoline and pyrrolo[3',4':3,4]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for the antimicrobial activity. The synthetic approach involves cycloimmonium ylides as 1,3-dipol intermediates. The structures of all synthesized compounds were proved by analytical and spectroscopic data. Crystal structure of compound 11a has been also determined by single crystal XRD. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their expected antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Candida albicans ATCC10231, but no one showed activity against all the reference strains.


A dramatic upsurge in the number of total knee replacement (TKR) surgeries in the U.S. is attributable to more than increases in obesity and population size alone, according to researchers at Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital.


In this paper, we develop end-to-end autonomous driving based on a 2D LiDAR sensor and camera sensor that predict the control value of the vehicle from the input data, instead of modeling rule-based autonomous driving. Different from many studies utilizing simulated data, we created an end-to-end autonomous driving algorithm with data obtained from real driving and analyzing the performance of our proposed algorithm. Based on the data obtained from an actual urban driving environment, end-to-end autonomous driving was possible in an informal environment such as a traffic signal by predicting the vehicle control value based on a convolution neural network. In addition, this paper solves the data imbalance problem by eliminating redundant data for each frame during stopping and driving in the driving environment so we can improve the performance of self-driving. Finally, we verified through the activation map how the network predicts the vertical and horizontal control values by recognizing the traffic facilities in the driving environment. Experiments and analysis will be shown to show the validity of the proposed algorithm.


Fire is a potential hazard in all buildings; industrial and residential. In both cases the fire generated heat and smoke may lead to loss of life or damage to equipment and structures. The control of fire risks requires the ability to assess them. Fire and smoke movement computer models have been under development throughout the world for a number of years, particularly since the advent of inexpensive means of automating large calculations. However, the behaviour of fire in buildings is complex and its reliable prediction poses a difficult problem. Smoke is of particular interest in complex buildings because it is pervasive and may cause deleterious effects distant from a fire. Although the possibility that a fire may occur at certain critical locations is remote, smoke from distant fires may still affect the performance of people and the operation of safety related equipment in these places. Additionally, its movement can indirectly play a role in the ventilation and hence growth of the fire.


We construct a smooth hyperbolic volume preserving diffeomorphism on a four dimensional compact Riemannian manifold which has countably many ergodic components and is arbitrarily close to the identity map.


In order to improve the ability of the new energy Internet to defend against external attacks, the author proposes a dual Markov chain-based FDIA detection method suitable for the new energy Internet. Taking into account the FDIA principles and characteristics of the new energy Internet, and the fact that the new energy Internet contains a large amount of measurement data and changing operating states, the data to be detected is mapped to two different state spaces, and two different Markovs are generated. The detector of FDIA is generated according to the accuracy of energy Internet operation state estimated by the model. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed detection method are verified by experimental cases. Experimental results show: The proposed FDIA detection method has excellent detection probability and less detection calculation, the detection probability can reach 98.60%, and the false alarm probability is only 1.35%, compared with the support vector machine method, the calculation amount is reduced by an order of magnitude. It is proven that the method can meet the application requirements of the new energy Internet.


The "Mozart effect" reported by Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky (1993, 1995) indicates that spatial-temporal abilities are enhanced after listening to music composed by Mozart. We replicated and extended the effect in Experiment 1: Performance on a spatial-temporal task was better after participants listened to a piece composed by Mozart or by Schubert than after they sat in silence. In Experiment 2, the advantage for the music condition disappeared when the control condition consisted of a narrated story instead of silence. Rather, performance was a function of listeners' preference (music or story), with better performance following the preferred condition.


According to the ground pressure increased,serious surrounding rock deformation of the mine roadway,high intensity of mine strata pressure bumping and frequency increased,and others problems occurred in the coal mining in the deep mine,from the study on the mine strata pressure behavior law of the backfill mining in the deep mine with depth over 1 000 m,a backfill hydraulic powered support with high density pushing pressure function,a mining and backfill simultaneous technique and depth vertical backfill materials transportation system were designed and developed by Jizhong Energy Group.According to the mining practices in the deep mine with the depth over 1 000 m,the high water material was applied to the backfill mining and a completed technical system of the backfill mining in the deep mine was established.The practices in Xingdong Mine showed that the application of the backfill mining technology and equipment in the deep mine could effectively control the surrounding rock deformation of the mine roadway,well solve the difficult problem of the large surface ground failure area caused by the mining in the deep depth seam and could well protect the ecologic environment.


Address correspondence to Gwyned Simpson, Ed.D, 159-34 Riverside Drive, #1B, New York, NY 10032. Educated African-American women have been entering the professional labor market since the late 1800's (Segal, 1983). Between 1970 and 1980, as a result of affirmative action legislation, the number of Black women practicing in the elite, male-dominated professions, such as law and medicine, increased tenfold (Epstein, 1981; Herbers, 1983). However, little is known about how the careers of minority