We report the first results of Time-dependent Density Functional Theory calculations of electronic transitions of protonated stable neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. Unlike most neutral closed-shell PAHs which generally absorb strongly in the ultraviolet (UV) or near-UV, the corresponding isoelectronic protonated forms of PAH molecules such as coronene and ovalene are predicted to have absorptions in the visible spectral region. Combining this with other astrophysical, chemical and physical aspects, it is concluded that the protonated forms of PAHs represent a strong class of candidate carriers of diffuse interstellar bands.


By analyzing thecurrent difficultiesand problemsof3D reconstruction,the general method of 3D reconstruction was introduced based on graphics semantic understanding,and the feasibility and necessity of using the method were pointed out.The method of 3D re-construction was introduced based on the phase siagrams semantic understanding.


Background The rise in mental health presentations to Paediatric Emergency Departments (PED) during the Covid pandemic has been well documented. Whilst it has never been more important to accurately assess the mental health risk posed to young people on their arrival in PED, staff undertaking these assessments often have little formal training or oversight. Whilst physical presentations can be quantified by clinical parameters and evidenced investigations, the accurate assessment of mental health cases is inherently subjective, yet just as crucial. Objectives To assess the level of agreement between professionals routinely assessing undifferentiated mental health presentations in PED using video vignettes. Methods We identified mental health-related presentations to a tertiary PED over a one-month period. We selected six cases by random number generation, carefully altered/anonymised the details and engaged actors to re-create the presentations. Using an existing assessment matrix, participating PED and CAMHS (child and adolescent mental health service) staff watched the video vignettes and allocated presentations to 'green', 'amber' or 'red' risk categories. A free marginal multi-rater Kappa was used to assess the level of agreement between responses (0 indicating no agreement and 1 perfect agreement). Staff were asked to rate their confidence in assessing the vignettes on a modified likert scale numbered 1-5 (5 = very confident). This was undertaken as a service evaluation project after discussion with relevant Trust R&D teams. Results The Kappa for all responses was Kfree=0.21 (95%CI 0.04-0.38). Table 1 outlines Kappa values and self-reported confidence within each staff category. Conclusions When assessing the severity of mental health presentations on a simple traffic-light system, the agreement between PED staff was very low. This was lowest amongst nursing staff, who may be less familiar with the assessment matrix. Concordance was high amongst CAMHS staff, admittedly with few participants. This likely reflects their greater exposure and training. Despite the wide variation in responses, each staff group reported their collective confidence in assessing the cases similarly. This may point to a lack of standardised training and staff awareness. In order to best support young people during mental health difficulties, an accurate, objective and standardised assessment is key. This keeps young people safe, informs the level of support/ supervision they require and is crucial to de-escalate crises. This process starts in PED but practice is widely variable in our single-centre study - a level of inconsistency we would not tolerate in the assessment of physical symptoms. We plan to undertake regular multi-disciplinary training led by CAMHS to encourage standardised and robust assessments. We hope to improve the productivity and accuracy of discussions between PED and CAMHS and improve the patient journey for young people. We plan to repeat the vignettes following this intervention.


An extension of the full-vectorial beam propagation method to anisotropic media is presented. Optical waveguides made of anisotropic materials can be modeled and simulated. The polarization dependence and coupling due to both the material and the geometric effects are considered. >


THE WAAC BAND and Thlrll Officer Ileien ·w, Wa Ila'ce;-aecomp;uiled ' by ~ Aux.iliArlc~ Paulett;' nurrfe and Blanche Erc:!, were In Iowa CIty yesterday to conduct the WA,AOrultllllr drivo Third O£flt'er Wallaer spoke at ·two rallies III Iowa City yesterday and will be ill the llostoftice building today to Interview 81). pllcants for the WAAC, accept appUcations and give. m~nlal tests. Membcrs of the WAAC. I1I'e hO\\lI\ above talking to university womn In front of OM Capitoi. T11C WAACruIUng drh'c is being conrlucted as ,part of the nation· wide campaign to enroU 150,000 women hI the WAAC, Rcrrultlng ortlcerR aim to have 75,000 of this number in the WAA(! by Mar~h 31. •


79Background: Ramucirumab (RAM) showed significantly improved survivals of gastric cancer in the second line with paclitaxel or single use. It is known that RAM causes pharmacodynamic changes of pl...


Many-sided activity of the Yelabuga Zemstvo in 1906-1908 has been analyzed within the framework of the general social and political situation in the country. The beginning of the 20th century was the time of the growth of the working class and soldiers' strikes and peasant disorders. The interaction between zemstvoes for more productive work based on mutual experience and common interests became a burning problem. This interaction was realized through the meetings of public men and periodicals published in different zemstvos. The analysis of the Yelabuga District Zemstvo activities from 1906 till 1908 allowed us to assert that the Zemstvo councilors took an active participation in the District's economy. The questions of efficiency of peasant economy and the broadening of the system of educational and medical institutions were often discussed at the meetings. The analysis of the Zemstvo clerical documentation showed that the Yelabuga Zemstvo of Vyatka Province remained indifferent towards the political events of the country of the early 20th century. The people playing a major role in the work of the Yelabuga Zemstvo in 1906-1908 supported the monarchical principles of the development of the country. However, the absence of the political aspect in the activities of the Yelabuga Zemstvo didn't diminish its significance. It made a great contribution to the formation of the District infrastructure within the historically short period of time. The Zemstvo self-government system was based on the democratic principles of openness, electiveness, and self-financing that promoted the formation of the active civil position of peasants during the elections and in the management of the District's economy.


Loess which has a strong structural property is a kind of geological material.It is different from other soils in physical and mechanical behaviors.Recently the study of its structural property,from qualitative to quantitative,has drawn more and more attention in the engineering and geo-mechanical field.Structural research of loess is of great practical significance.On the other hand,after presenting an overview of the published literature on structural behavior of loess,including influence factors on structural behavior of loess,constitutive relation,and collapsibility and so on,the quantitative research progress on mechanical behaviors of loess is reviewed.Considering the lack of knowledge on structural behavior of loess from quantitative research,this paper discusses and suggests the future studies on it.


Two major outstanding questions in the management of hypertension are: (i) why are doctors reluctant to prescribe antihypertensive drugs, and (ii) why are patients reluctant to initiate and continue treatment? Small changes in prescribing practice and concordance have the potential for much greater impact on morbidity and mortality than minor differences in efficacy between drug classes. However, in comparison with the vast resources spent on clinical trials comparing drugs, these practical issues have received scant attention. Although many influences on prescribing and concordance are unknown, the devolution of responsibility for healthcare budgets to frontline doctors has concentrated their minds on value for money, and benefit from drug treatment is a major influence in a patient's decision of whether or not to take antihypertensive drug treatment [1]. Montgomery et al. [2] attempt to cast light on both these important questions using an analysis of the individual benefits and overall cost-utility of antihypertensive drug treatment. In particular, they challenge the current vogue to base treatment decisions on a patient's absolute risk of suffering a coronary heart disease (CHD) event in the short term, citing concerns about the tendency of this approach to focus treatment on the elderly. Theirs is one of the few attempts to incorporate all aspects of the patient perspective by inclusion of a directly measured estimate of perceived utility of taking tablets, as well as quality of life in those health states avoided by antihypertensive drug treatment. Inclusion of the personal costs of drug treatment together with its benefits is important because many patients harbour concerns about ongoing sideeffects and the possible long-term effects of drugs, thus influencing their decision to take treatment [3].


During his confirmation hearing in 1953, Secretary of Defense-designate Charles E. Wilson declared that "what was good for our country was good for General Motors, and vice versa." Wilson's conflation of the national interest with the fortunes of his corporation may have disturbed some, but for the auto executive his statement must have seemed a truism. Three recent books examine the power and influence of business firms, and especially large corporations, in American society in the twentieth century. The authors bring different perspectives and approaches to the topic, but they share a belief in the importance of ideas and values to an understanding of business's role in society. In Selling Free Enterprise, historian Elizabeth Fones-Wolf recounts American business's largely successful efforts following World War II to halt the momentum of organized labor, undermine support for New Deal liberalism, and once again associate free enterprise with prosperity, free-


The analytical formulas for the self-inductance of a cylindrical current sheet (solenoid of any size) and the mutual inductance of two coaxial current loops are presented. A simple iteration method for evaluating the formulas to any desired degree of accuracy is also discussed.


Abstract Cysteine (Cys) is a crucial biomarker and plays various significant roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Here is reported a fluorescent probe Mito-cys by incorporating o-chlorobenzoic acid ester onto a hemicyanine platform. The probe exhibited excellent specificity and rapid response for cysteine. The developed method quantitatively monitored cysteine from 5 μM to 30 μM with a detection limit of 135 nM. The probe was also employed to image trace endogenous cysteine in living HeLa cells.


The author analyzes the character and orientation of the new leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) under Patriarch Kirill and surveys recent developments within the ROC and in church-state relations.


The main purpose of the present paper is to well define Minkowskian angles and pseudo-angles between the two null directions and between a null direction and any non-null direction, respectively. Moreover, in a kind of way that will be tried to be made clear at the end of the paper, these new sorts of angles and pseudo-angles can similarly to the previously known angles be seen as (combinations of) Minkowskian lengths of arcs on a Minkowskian unit circle together with Minkowskian pseudo-lengths of parts of the straight null lines.


A strategy for building resident interfaces to host heterogeneous distributed data base management systems is developed. The strategy is used to construct several interfaces. A set of guidelines is developed for users to construct their own interfaces.


36 Background: Rituximab maintenance for indolent, incurable non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) remains controversial. NCCN supports maintenance rituximab for a span of up to two years as an alternative to watchful waiting following induction therapy. At least a dozen scientific papers have been published describing rituximab maintenance results; none has demonstrated overall survival benefit. The strongest data support comes from the PRIMA phase III trial which showed an increased PFS but no survival advantage. Increased toxicity, however, is clear and can be serious. Reports of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease, should be of especial concern to patients whose disease course can span many years. Oncology Analytics (OA) enhances cancer care quality and value by providing oncology decision-support to providers in SE USA. We hypothesized that the use of maintenance rituximab in this area of the country produces profound cost and real risk for a highly uncertain benefit to this population.

METHODS
We reviewed all requests for rituximab maintenance for low-grade NHL submitted by oncology practices to a major health insurer in one US region from Jul 2009-May 2014. We calculated the cumulative cost for blanket approval of such requests and the savings associated with our decision-support discussions of this questionable but NCCN-compliant practice.

RESULTS
470 requests for maintenance rituximab for low-grade NHL were initiated within this 59-month span. The proportion of maintenance rituximab requests relative to the total chemotherapy requests decreased consistently over time, from 4.5% in the first six months of OA involvement in 2009, down to 1.5% in May 2014. The annual cost of rituximab maintenance, which depends on the dose schedule, ranges from about $30,000 to $40,000 per year. Additionally, we discovered many rituximab maintenance requests for durations exceeding two years without evidence-based support, most of which were rescinded after OA intervention.

CONCLUSIONS
Ongoing OA intervention reduces risk of toxicity and enhances the quality and value of cancer care for these patients.


A method for imaging local electrochemical current density uses light scattered from probe particles proximate to an electrode. A 5.5 μm particle near a working electrode (WE) scattered light more intensely or less intensely as a function of local current density. The light intensity correlated with the measured current. A current density of 1 A/m 2 was easily resolved. Fair agreement between the measured superficial current density and current density calculated from the light scattering intensity was achieved. The results demonstrate a method for imaging spatially varying electrochemical reaction rates with high resolution.


Background. Each year, thousands of people worldwide suffer from sudden cardiac arrest (CSA) and require cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). High quality chest compressions with minimal interruption are essential for successful CPR following a cardiac arrest. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of various chest compression techniques on the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by physicians during postgraduate internship. Material and methods. Participants during the study performed a 2-minute CPR (TrueCPR) and manual chest compression (MCC). Depth and rate of chest compressions as well as the degree of chest recoil were analyzed. Results. The median compression depth with MCC was 47 [IQR; 40-49]mm vs. 55 with TrueCPR [IQR; 51-57]mm (p < 0.001). The chest compression rate was 126 [IQR; 118-130]mm for MCC, and 106 [IQR; 102-113] mm for TrueCPR (p < 0.001). Percentage of incorrect decompression with MCC was 23 [IQR; 20-41]% and this result was higher than with TrueCPR 11 [IQR; 6-15]% (p < 0.001). Conclusions. In a simulated study, participants were able to perform better chest compressions when using TrueCPR compared to standard manual chest compressions. Anestezjologia i Ratownictwo 2017; 11: 363-367.


Fire protection countermeasure were considered on the straw thatched roof and wooden structure. For the fire resistant treatment, rice straw was soaked in the fire resistant liquid with different soaking time. After treatment, some rice straw sample was washed with water then the rice straws were tested to check the fire resistance performance. And the wood was soaked in the fire resistant liquid at an atmospheric pressure, vacuum-pressure condition and painted with brush on the surface. To analyse the fire resistant performance of rice straw, ignition delay time was measured under the radiant heat flux of cone heater. And the fire resistant performance of wood samples were tested with 45 degree fire resistant test apparatus and cone heater. Based on the cone heater test, the rice straw which most easily ignitable material shows the longer ignition delay time than not treated ones and even in the water washed straw show a longer ignition delay time than not treated ones. And fire resistant treated woods of vacuum-pressure treated sample showed the most excellent performance on fire resistance. And the fire resistant treated by brush and soaking showed a longer ignition delay time than not treated ones. From this experiment, it was found that a fire resistant treatment of rice straw and wood of the house can be protected from the fire spread.


The postulates of quantum mechanics state that the wave function contains all the possible information about a molecular system. As a consequence, all information about any bonded and non-bonded interaction a system contains or engages in should be derivable from the wave function. In my tutorial style presentation, I will show how from the first and second order density matrices obtained from any level of theory one can obtain bond indices 1 reflecting the strength of both bonds and non-bonded interactions and how these are connected to the existence of so-called Fermi Holes and domain averaged Fermi hole analysis. 2


Ambient Intelligence Perspectives contains selected papers from the first international Ambient Intelligence Forum AmIF 2008 in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. The forum is intended as the beginning of a series of rather broadly oriented discussion opportunities for discussing interdisciplinary, if not transdisciplinary aspects of rapidly evolving areas of Ambient Intelligence. Its aims were to review and discuss recent advances and promising research trends in AmI technology, intelligent environments, methods, middleware development, as well as applications in areas such as healthcare, product lifecycle and transport services. The intention to provide an opportunity of a very broad interaction among a wide rank of authors coming from different surroundings means a great enrichment to all participants and gives ground to the success of the conference. Finally it led towards an interesting choice of three invited and twenty-five contributed papers, which are published in this book. All papers were carefully reviewed by the international program committee. Participants from twelve countries contributed to the scientific program and established a fruitful discussion atmosphere.


A comprehensive study was carried out on platinum nanoparticle decorated CeO2 nanoboxes as an efficient catalyst towards electro-oxidation of formic acid. We herein report the effect of different parameters such as the size and shape of CeO2 nanoboxes, thickness of the CeO2 shell, mode of attachment of Pt nanoparticles on the CeO2 surface and screening of Pt loading on the electro-oxidation of formic acid. A facile low temperature aqueous phase method was utilized for the synthesis of CeO2 nanoboxes using Cu2O nanocubes as a soft sacrificial template. Owing to the exposed active surface area and optimum shell thickness, the smallest CeO2 boxes loaded with Pt (50 nm) showed excellent activity for formic acid oxidation with a current density of 4.52 mA cm−2. The highly porous hollow nanoboxes act as a bifunctional support for Pt nanoparticles. The catalyst also exhibited significant activity in the oxidation of other small molecules such as ethanol and methanol.


The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of teacher creativity on students' interest in learning Indonesian in class IV Rangang, Pacar District, West Manggari Regency. This can be seen from the partial determination coefficient (R2) obtained from the calculation, namely 0.304 or 30.4%. And partly influenced by other factors, namely as much as 69.6% which is not explained in this study. (4) Based on the results of the study, it showed that the variable (X) Teacher Creativity had an effect on Interest in Learning Indonesian Language for Class IV Rangang Students, Girlfriend District, West Manggari Regency. This can be proven by the results of Simple Regression Analysis calculations to find the Effect of Teacher Creativity on Interest in Learning Indonesian for Grade IV Rangang Students, Girlfriend District, West Manggari Regency, a correlation coefficient (R) = 0.367 which states that the correlation index (r) X to Y is sufficient with an effect of 0.367 or 36.7%. This means that the correlation index (R) of the influence of teacher creativity contributes to the learning interest of Class IV Rangang students, Girlfriend District, West Manggari Regency, which is at a strong index.


The current national standards of face recognition do not put the placement of light for a clear description, only said that the light should be uniform when face recognition, no overexposure and underexposure. In this paper, we present a novel database and use different face recognition algorithms to determine the placement of light during face recognition. For this study, we have chosen ten widely-used face recognition algorithms: principal component analysis(PCA), linear discriminant analysis(LDA), independent component analysis(ICA), nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), histogram of oriented gradient(HOG), scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT), face recognition, CosFace, ArcFace, and Combined Margin. We use a novel database that contains face images with a wide range of illumination angles to analyze the relationship between these algorithms and illumination angles. The results of this experiment indicate that the horizontal illumination angle of the light should be controlled in the range from -10° to 10° and the vertical illumination angle should be controlled in the range from -10° to 10°.


The present study investigated academic procrastination in the context of the 2 × 2 goal achievement theoretical framework within a population of 450 Malaysian undergraduate students, aged 18 to 25 years. Participants completed the Achievement Goal Questionnaire and the Tuckman Procrastination Test. Approach dimensions of both the mastery and performance goal orientations were found to be positively correlated with procrastination, but the avoidance dimensions of the mastery and performance goal orientations were not associated with procrastination. In regression analyses, mastery approach was the strongest predictor of procrastination, suppressing the effect of performance approach. The results suggest that the Western values underlying the achievement goals portrayed by the goal achievement model may not accurately reflect the motivations that are intrinsic to non-Western individuals. Further research is required to either validate such a tool in non-Western cultures or, alternatively, investigate alternative factors that may potentially influence procrastination within this demographic.


Introduction: Love, The Book Market, and the Popularization of Romance 1. Baldassare Castiglione's Book of the Courtier : Love and Ideal Conduct 2. Mario Equicola's De Natura d'amore : Love and Knowledge 3. Antonio Tagliente's Opera amorosa : Love and Letterwriting 4. Jacques Ferrand's On Lovesickness : Love and Medicine Conclusion: Romeo + Juliet Bibliography


This text has described the basic principle of the network plans,has described the realization course of soft- ware project time management,has introduced every task time parameter computing technology of small-scale website' s planned project.According to the confirming type network chart principle ,provide the concrete step that MS Project progress plans to be controlled.


The dominant view in the information technology (IT) strategy literature implicitly or explicitly incorporates a normative model of dynamic alignment in which business strategy is seen as the primary driver of strategic adaptation. This paper describes and analyzes a case study of the strategic application of IT where success emerged via a different process. As well as providing evidence of a path to strategic fit that is rarely discussed in the literature, the case points to mastery and the management of risk as critical factors in the process of IT-based strategic change.


Current estimates indicate that around 20 mil- lion Americans provide care to their frail parents (Connidis, 2010; National Alliance for Caregiv- ing & AARP, 2009). Some of these caregivers share the responsibility equitably with their sib- lings (Matthews, 1987; Matthews & Rosner, 1988). In the majority of families, however, a child who acts as primary provider to an aging parent has siblings who are largely exempted from caregiving responsibilities (Checkovich & Stern, 2002). In life course terms, some siblings experience the transition to parent care whereas others do not.How does this occur? In the extensive literature on family caregiving, this question has been almost entirely ignored. Of course, the literature is replete with findings on the characteristics of caregivers as well as the consequences of caregiving. There are two gaps in existing knowledge, however, that preclude a comprehensiveunderstandingofadultchildren's transition into the role of a primary caregiver.First, although entering this role is commonly recognized as a key transition in later life, most studies provide only cross-sectional, post hoc assessments of parent care (e.g., Henretta, Soldo, & Van Voorhis, 2011; Hogan, Eggebeen, & Clogg, 1993). In a similar vein, existing longitudinal research has mainly focused on "caregiving careers" (Brody, 1985), opening the window of observation only after parent care has already been initiated (Dwyer, Henretta, Coward, & Barton, 1992; Szinovacz & Davey, 2007, 2013). Obviously, these designs do not allow tracing the process of caregiver selection.Second, although caregiving is commonly recognized as a phenomenon most frequently situated within a larger family context, the majority of studies have looked only at selected caregiving relationships in isolation from this context. Regarding transitions to parent care, this analytical approach permits only between- family comparisons of parent-child dyads selected from different families, thus ignoring the group of siblings as complementary or alternative providers. In this regard, a number of within-family studies of parent care have provided important insight into differences between siblings. Regarding transitions to parent care, however, conclusions remain preliminary, becausetheprocessofcaregiverselectionamong siblings has been explored only in cross section, either prospectively (Pillemer & Suitor, 2006) or retrospectively (Henretta, Hill, Li, Soldo, & Wolf, 1997).In the present study, we addressed both gaps of research by investigating the transition to parent care (a) longitudinally and (b) from a within-family perspective. On the basis of this design, we aimed to contribute to the literature in three main ways. First, at a general level, we offer a quantitative assessment of the process of caregiver selection among siblings. Our approach allowed us not only to trace the transition to parent care over time but also to examine the selection of a caregiver as an outcome determined by the relative constellation of caregiving costs and commitments within families. Second, more specifically, we studied the importance of numerous characteristics that varied among siblings and appeared likely to constitute key factors bearing on the process of caregiver selection. It is important to note that our data allowed us to reach beyond simple rational choice frameworks, considering not only siblings' relative costs in terms of availability and constraints but also indicators for their normative and affective commitments to parent care. Third, we were able to assess the importance of these characteristics before actual transitions to parent care. Compared to previous within-family studies of parent care, this panel approach yielded critical benefits in dealing with endogeneity of crucial predictor variables such as employment status, geographical distance, and contact frequency.For the empirical analyses, we used data from six waves (1998-2008) of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; http://hrsonline. …


The TOPARP study showed the beneficial utility of olaparib in a heavily pretreated population of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who were biomarker-positive for aberrations in DNA repair gene. A higher response rate to olaparib of 88% (14 out of 16 patients), time to radiographic progression as well as overall survival, was seen in patients who were biomarker-positive compared to those who were not. This study showed a promising way of targeting prostate cancer with an enriched population of patients who harbor these deleterious genes. This paves the way for offering new therapeutic opportunities for men who have otherwise few remaining options.


The high-spin states in 197 Tl were studied by populating them using the 197 Au(α , 4n)197 Tl reaction at 48 MeV of beam energy. γ −γ coincidence data were taken using a combination of clover, LEPS (low energy photon spectrometer) and single crystal HPGe detectors. The polarization and DCO measurements were performed for definite spin and parity assignment of the excited states. The πi 13/2 intruder state has been identified for the first time in this nucleus. The total Routhian surface calculations have been performed to study the shape and deformation of 197 Tl for different configurations.


Silicate and copper cements are injurious to the pulp. Other cements, although not so injurious, may be destructive when used close to the pulp. A calcium hydroxide liner always should be placed between cement and the dentin. Acrylic restorations are injurious to the pulp because of marginal leakage, and metal restorations because of thermal conductivity. A base should be used under metal restorations.


This paper presents a case study for the design of a very compact 25 Amp access node power system. The paper covers the different design challenges encountered in this type of design, some innovative solutions, new features for automatic equalization, sleep mode, intelligent fault isolation, smart battery temperature compensation, and the value of concurrent development.


The geology of the Southern Apennines, as it can be derived from the integration of surface (literature and published cartography) and subsurface (wells and seismic) data is briefly described. The related petroleum systems (PS) are analysed and tentatively classified in three main categories: a) oilprone PS; b) biogenic gas PS; c) mixed thermogenic gas & condensate/light oils PS. The main features of each of the three families are discussed. The presence of non hydrocarbon fluids associated with a and c PS is indicated.


This proposal presents TARSOS, an easy-to-use platform for automated pitch analysis especially designed to explore non-Western music. Two considerations were the starting point of this research: i) thnomusicology is mainly performed from an anthropological and ethnographical approach, and ii) current Music Information Retrieval (MIR) applications are biased towards Western music and are thus not suitable to the particularities of other musical cultures. This research tries to develop an unbiased approach by a flexible interface for detection and representation of tone scales. No predispositions towards a certain music theory or pitch organization are made. Our goal is to document an aspect of the endangered musical heritage of African oral cultures, namely tone scale diversity.


This paper focuses on two important factors that undermined efforts to adopt legally binding commitments by all major emitters under the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. Firstly, strict divisions between the developed and developing countries were formalised by the Kyoto Protocol. Secondly, there are common concerns which led governments from the key polluter countries to the conclusion that adhering to a legally binding agreement was irrational. Based on the lessons from the historical analysis that follows, I identify a key role for the linking of Emissions Trading Schemes (ETS) within the new framework for international cooperation under the Paris Agreement.


N.I. Lewis, W. Xu, S.K. Jericho, H.J. Kreuzer, M.H. Jericho and A.D. Cembella. 2006. Swimming speed of three species of Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) as determined by digital in-line holography. Phycologia 45: 61–70. DOI: 10.2216/04-59.1 Digital in-line holographic (DIH) microscopy was used to track motility in several related species of the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium in response to temperature after acclimation at selected temperatures. Numerical reconstruction of DIH holograms yielded high-contrast three-dimensional images of the trajectories of many motile cells swimming simultaneously throughout the sample volume. Swimming speed and trajectory were determined for clonal isolates of A. ostenfeldii, A. minutum and A. tamarense within the temperature range from 8 to 24°C. The strains of these species revealed differences in temperature optima for growth and tolerance that were a function of both acclimation responses and genetic factors reflecting the origin of the isolates. The fastest swimming speeds were recorded at 24°C for cells of A. minutum. Acclimated strains of all three species swam significantly slower at lower temperatures, although fastest swimming speeds did not always occur at temperature optima for growth. Aged cells from stationary phase cultures swam more slowly than cells in exponential growth phase. Doublets from a rapidly dividing culture swam faster than singlets from the same culture, confirming the propulsive advantage of paired cells. Holographic microscopy is a powerful tool for the acquisition of detailed observations of swimming behaviour of microalgal cells in the form of three-dimensional trajectories over the appropriate temporal (sub-second) and spatial (micrometer) scales.


In order to modify the wool with biological method,this paper investigated the activity and the best catalyzed oxidation conditions for preparation of Tyrosinase from potatoes using a simple and easy method with catechol(catecha phenol) as substrate.And the potato tyrosinase was used to treat the wool fabric.FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and the mimic complexes with—NH_2 were used to examine whether the wool had occurrd oxidation reaction after enzymatic treatment.The results indicated that maximum absorbance wavelength of the self-made potato tyrosinase enzyme-induced reaction product is(410 nm) with catechol as substrate,the best reaction condition is at(30 ℃) and pH 6.8.This research proved that tyrosine residue in wool was oxidized to dopa-quinone.


We aimed to develop a clinically relevant delayed union/non‐union fracture model to evaluate a cell therapy intervention repair strategy. Histology, three‐dimensional (3D) microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) imaging and mechanical testing were utilized to develop an analytical protocol for qualitative and quantitative assessment of fracture repair. An open femoral diaphyseal osteotomy, combined with periosteal diathermy and endosteal excision, was held in compression by a four pin unilateral external fixator. Three delayed union/non‐union fracture groups established at 6 weeks—(a) a control group, (b) a cell therapy group, and (c) a group receiving phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) injection alone—were examined subsequently at 8 and 14 weeks. The histological response was combined fibrous and cartilaginous non‐unions in groups A and B with fibrous non‐unions in group C. Mineralized callus volume/total volume percentage showed no statistically significant differences between groups. Endosteal calcified tissue volume/endosteal tissue volume, at the center of the fracture site, displayed statistically significant differences between 8 and 14 weeks for cell and PBS intervention groups but not for the control group. The percentage load to failure was significantly lower in the control and cell treatment groups than in the PBS alone group. High‐resolution micro‐CT imaging provides a powerful tool to augment characterization of repair in delayed union/non‐union fractures together with outcomes such as histology and mechanical strength measurement. Accurate, nondestructive, 3D identification of mineralization progression in repairing fractures is enabled in the presence or absence of intervention strategies. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:729–736, 2008


We employ the multi-resolution hidden Markov model (MRHMM) to develop an improved algorithm for modeling marine mammal wandering tone vocalizations (whistles). A vocalization is modeled by a series of time segments in which the signal has a constant frequency rate (chirps). Rather than using chirps of uniform length, the segments are allowed to be of variable size, thus adapting to both short rapid changes in frequency rate as well as long segments of constant rate. The method supports the goals of finding the single best segmentation or the average joint probability density function of the data over all possible segmentations, weighted by the a priori probability of each segmentation. The probability density function (PDF) projection theorem is used to allow likelihood comparisons in the raw data domain. Simulated data and recorded marine mammal vocalizations are used to demonstrate the technique.


The New York State Department of Transportation has continued its research on density of asphalt concrete surface courses. Test sections on new pavements in 11 locations throughout the state were cored when constructed in 1962 and each subsequent year through 1967. Some 1200 cores were processed for bulk specific gravity, asphalt content, voids, and gradation analysis; relative densities were based on 200 Marshall specimens. The report analyzes field performance data gathered during the first 5 years of traffic on these pavements.


This paper analyses the historical flow of the cremation and buddhist funeral customs in Japan. Japanese funeral tradition so-called Sorez(葬列) or Mogari(殯) originally reflected luxurious and expensive features but it became ceremonial farewell in accordance with Hkusoure(薄葬令) in the 7th centur...


The biosorption of lead(II) and chromium(VI) on groundnut hull was investigated. Batch biosorption experiments were conducted to find the equilibrium time and biosorption capacity. Effect of parameters like pH, temperature and initial metal concentration was studied. The maximum biosorption capacity of lead(II) and chromium(VI) was found to be 31.54 ± 0.63 and 30.21 ± 0.74 mg g -1 , respectively. The optimum pH for lead(II) and chromium(VI) removal was 5 ± 0.1 and 2 ± 0.1, respectively. The temperature change, in the range of 20 - 45oC affected the biosorption capacity. The maximum removal of lead(II) was achieved at 20 ± 2oC, where as maximum uptake of chromium(VI) was observed at 40 ± 2oC. The biosorption data was fitted to the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models. The Langmuir model showed better representation of data, with correlation coefficient greater than 0.98. The kinetics of biosorption followed the pseudo second order kinetics model. The thermodynamics parameters were evaluated from the experimental data.


This paper presents a numerical impedancemeter which allows the electric impedance of a piezoelectric transducer Z(f) to be estimated both in real time and in situ. Authors' method is based on SOPC and hardware in the loop (HIL) techniques. The system comprises two principal modules: a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) and a chain actuator with a numerical resistive network and a transducer. Feedback control of the excitation voltage is carried out by regulating the resistive network. Z(f) modulus is estimated from the values obtained by the resistive network during a fast frequential sweep. The analogical part is modeled by using Matlab SimPower Syst and the numerical architecture is built by DSP Builder. The architecture is then implemented in a FPGA Stratix II board and validated by HIL simulation, in which the transducer is modeled by a Butterworth van Dycke structure. The system is tested within the bandwidth 1.8 MHz - 2.8 MHz with a 20 mm square transducer resonant at 2 MHz. We have determined all the relations which allow the parameters of the numerical functions to be set. The parameters take into account the range of excitation, the quality factor of the transducer and the resolution, speed and duration of the analysis. The results show how accurate Z(f) estimation is and the duration of the analysis, which does not exceed 10 ms.


Hypothesis / aims of study: Studies show the interference of urinary incontinence (UI) in the occupational activities of working women [1] and nursing professionals [2]. The prehospital care service demands greater attention and concentration since it involves urgency and emergency situations. Thus this study's objectives were identifying the prevalence and the types of UI on the women of a nursing team that works in a prehospital care service and evaluate the impact of UI on healthrelated quality of life (HRQL).


Hospitals in Iran and India, 1500–1950s is a collection of seven articles plus an introduction on hospitals in the Irano-Indian world. Recent years have seen a growing interest in the history of me...


This chapter will provide a summary of the key themes applicable to all chapter contributions and will particularly focus on: implications for practice and recommendations for priority areas related to preventing sexual violence for both academic and practitioner audiences.


This discussion will summarize the two papers presented (Stern et al 2012; Baglin et al 2012) in 2012 IASE Roundtable Conference – "Technology in Statistics Education: Virtualities and Realities" – in Cebu, Philippines and the following discussions that took place after the presentations. In the last section a list of recommendations on learning and teaching and research will be provided.


The Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR) is a new type of electric thruster currently in development by the Ad Astra Rocket Company. It could potentially allow for better optimization of propellant use over a range of space missions including interplanetary travel due to its ability to adjust thrust and specific impulse while maintaining constant power operation. The VASIMR thruster works by ionizing a neutral propellant gas with a helicon RF antenna and then guiding the plasma using an applied magnetic field. The plasma passes through another RF antenna that is tuned to the fundamental ion cyclotron frequency in order to achieve resonant excitation of the ions. The superheated plasma is then expelled through a magnetic nozzle in order to produce thrust. Recent tests on a 200 kW experimental model have demonstrated up to 10 N of thrust and 4900 s of specific impulse with 72% system efficiency. Despite steady progress, the VASIMR concept remains hampered by the lack of a suitable power supply for large-scale missions.


The Raspberry Pi is a low cost single board computer which has recently become very popular. In this paper we introduce a case for developing a low cost interface device which transmits data using the Raspberry Pi. It has a resistive touch view providing a user interface for bidirectional information from manufacturing instruction to inspection result of finished goods.


A model of plasma arc welding(PAW) with a moving arc was developed to study the temperature field and the effects of welding current and welding speed,etc on it.Both convection heat transfer of the melted metal and heat conduction of solid metal were considered,regarding the solid metal as liquid with large viscosity.The variation of thermophysical parameters of material with temperature,the loss of heat,including convection and radiation,and the latent heat of phase transformation was also taken into account.Welding heat source was presumed to be 3-D conical heat source.The model was solved by the ANSYS software.The temperature distribution during the whole welding process was obtained.The simulation results show that weld pool width and heat-affected zone increase with the increase of welding current and the decrease of welding speed.The reliability of the model is validated by experimental results.


We present a pipeline for the interactive visual analysis and exploration of molecular electronic transition ensembles. Each ensemble member is specified by a molecular configuration, the charge transfer between two molecular states, and a set of physical properties. The pipeline is targeted towards theoretical chemists, supporting them in comparing and characterizing electronic transitions by combining automatic and interactive visual analysis. A quantitative feature vector characterizing the electron charge transfer serves as the basis for hierarchical clustering as well as for the visual representations. The interface for the visual exploration consists of four components. A dendrogram provides an overview of the ensemble. It is augmented with a level of detail glyph for each cluster. A scatterplot using dimensionality reduction provides a second visualization, highlighting ensemble outliers. Parallel coordinates show the correlation with physical parameters. A spatial representation of selected ensemble members supports an in‐depth inspection of transitions in a form that is familiar to chemists. All views are linked and can be used to filter and select ensemble members. The usefulness of the pipeline is shown in three different case studies.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disease that damages vital organs such as the heart. Patients with SLE have a higher risk of developing a cardiovascular (CV) disease than the general population (1).The aim of this study was to compare the echocardiographic findings in patients with SLE and controls.This was a cross-sectional, observational, and comparative study. A total of 38 patients with SLE according to the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria, ≥18 years old and 38 matched controls by age (±5 years) and gender, were recruited for this study. Exclusion criteria were a poor echocardiographic window, patients with a previous CV event, such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular event or peripheral arterial disease, and pregnant women. A transthoracic echocardiogram, including speckle tracking technique, was performed, by two certified echocardiographers, in all study subjects. Distribution was evaluated with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Comparisons were done with χ2 and Fisher´s Exact test for qualitative variables, and Student's t test and Mann-Whitney´s U test for quantitative variables. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.When comparing demographic characteristics there were no significant differences in age, gender, and comorbidities between SLE patients and controls. In the echocardiographic findings a significant difference was found in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), lower in SLE patients compared to controls (57.02% vs 61.89%, p=0.001), in the global longitudinal strain (GLS), reduced in SLE patients (-19.55% vs -22.00%, p=0.001), in the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), lower in SLE patients (22.00mm vs 24.00mm, p=0.011), in the left atrial volume index, higher in SLE patients (28.44ml/m2 vs 22.29ml/m2, p=0.014) and in the presence of mitral regurgitation, more prevalent in SLE patients (31.6% vs 10.5%, p=0.024) (Table 1).Patients with SLE have a worse left ventricular function, evaluated by LVEF and GLS, a worse right ventricular systolic function, evaluated by TAPSE, an increased left atrial volume index and a higher prevalence of mitral regurgitation, which are associated with a higher risk of CV death. It is important to consider including a transthoracic echocardiogram as part of the CV evaluation in patients with SLE, which may result in an early detection of CV abnormalities and an opportune treatment.[1]Avina-Zubieta JA, To F, Vostretsova K, et al. Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Newly Diagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A General Population-Based Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017;69(6):849-56. doi: 10.1002/acr.23018Table 1.Demographic characteristics and echocardiographic findings.SLE patients(n=38)Controls(n=38)pAge years, median (p25-p75)37.5 (24.5-43.2)45.0 (24.0-50.0)NSWomen, n (%)34 (89.5)37 (97.4)NST2DM, n (%)1 (2.6)3 (7.9)NSHTN, n (%)9 (23.7)3 (7.9)NSDyslipidemia, n (%)3 (7.9)3 (7.9)NSObesity, n (%)1 (2.6)5 (13.2)NSActive smoking, n (%)7 (18.4)3 (7.9)NSEchocardiographic findingsLeft ventricle indexed mass g/m2, median (p25-p75)64.00 (50.66-87.09)60.30 (52.97-76.74)0.009RWT, median (p25-p75)0.37 (0.30-0.46)0.38 (0.33-0.45)NSLeft ventricular ejection fraction %, mean ± SD57.02 ± 7.3761.89 ± 5.230.001Global longitudinal strain %, median (p25-p75)-19.55 (-21.02 –-15.95)-22.00 (-21.00 –-20.00)0.001Left atrium indexed volume ml/m2, median (p25-p75)28.44 (20.34-33.56)22.29 (17.97-27.13)0.014TAPSE mm, median (p25-p75)22.00 (20.00-24.00)24.00 (21.00-25.00)0.011Valvular abnormalitiesAortic regurgitation, n (%)2 (5.3)1 (2.6)NSMitral regurgitation, n (%)12 (31.6)4 (10.5)0.024Tricuspid regurgitation, n (%)16 (42.1)17 (44.7)NSSLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; NS, not significant; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; RWT, relative wall thickness; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.We have no acknowledgements to declare.None declared


According to the situation of water utilization on clrught farmland in shanxi province,the author expound their recognition and the diffrence of performing water-saving irrigation techniquce on drought farmland and the characteristics of the techniquce,and further study that through series of expeninent,demomtration and popularization, The results shows that the water-saving irrigation techniquce on driught farmland has the characteristics of low imput,high autput and obvious effect of increasing product.And it can be refered and used by the similararea of North China.


Abstract New N-(naphthalen-1-yl)propanamide was synthesized and studied for their antimicrobial activity. The final compounds were procured by reacting N-(naphthalen-1-yl)propanamide with some 2-mercapto aryl or dithiocarbamate salt derivatives. Their structures were determined by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS/MS spectral data. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against 10 bacteria and 10 fungi species. All compounds showed notable activity. Especially, compounds 2-[(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]-N-(naphthalen-1-yl)propanamide (2a), 2-(benzothiazol-2-ylthio)-N-(naphthalen-1-yl)propenamide (2b), 2-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio]-N-(naphthalen-1-yl)propanamide (2c), and N-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2-[(5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)thio]propanamide (2e) exhibited antifungal activity against at least one fungus at the half potency of ketoconazole. Also, 2-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio]-N-(naphthalen-1-yl)propanamide (2c), N-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2-[(5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)thio]propanamide (2e) and 2-[(4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio]-N-(naphthalen-1-yl)propanamide (2f) showed anti-gram-positive bacterial activity at the half potency of chloramphenicol. Only one compound, 2-(benzothiazol-2-ylthio)-N-(naphthalen-1-yl)propanamide (2b) displayed anti-gram-negative bacterial activity against Yersinia enterocolitica (Y53). Graphical Abstract


Anthropology in its ideational traditions has addressed the questions of what one needs to know in order to behave as a functioning member of a society and how such knowledge is organized into meaning systems (Quinn and Holland 1987:4). But the discipline's practitioners have seldom asked the questions of how and when such meaning systems are acquired by the individual. The experiences of children who live temporarily in cultures other than their own, however, offer an invaluable opportunity to


A study of internal rotation in p-nitrosodimethylaniline (I) by lH n.m.r. spectroscopy has yielded the free energy of activation ΔG‡= 10.6 (±0.2) kcal. / mole a t 197 °K for the hitherto undetected rotation of the dimethylamino-group.


Roadside vegetation classification is an essential task for roadside fire risk assessment and environmental
surveys. The vegetation such as type of grasses and their biomasses are used to identify the fire risk, however it is
very difficult to distinguish vegetation, in particular, the type of roadside grasses. The purpose of this study is to
develop a technique which can distinguish vegetation structure and automatically identify fire risk. This paper
presents a novel hybrid learning technique for the classification of roadside vegetation with a new feature extraction
strategy. The hybrid technique is based on texture feature and fusion of three classifiers: Support Vector Machine
(SVM), Neural Network (NN) and k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN). The segmented image regions are created from image
data and texture features are extracted. The three diverse classifiers are trained with extracted features and decisions
are fused using the majority vote. The proposed hybrid learning technique has been evaluated on roadside data
obtained from Queensland Transport and Main Roads and results are discussed.


The modern vitrectomy procedures have replaced the conventional buckle operation in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in the majority of cases. The present indications of buckle surgery depend on surgeon's skills, patient to doctor communication and the availability of specialised personnel. On the other hand the contraindications such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy, thin bluish sclera, are more clear and delineate the grey zone of the preoperative dilemma 'vitrectomy or buckle'. The presentation will try to answer why buckle surgery may be beneficial in special cases and when a modern surgeon must avoid this procedure for the treatment of a patient with RRD


would. To be fair, though I found this to give the book an entertainingly breathless style, it also gives the sense that it hasn't been edited too closely. (This latter suspicion is supported by several typos.) Given its focus on only the first and second generations of variationists (Tagliamonte's motivation: 'I simply had to stop somewhere' (p. x)), Making Waves provides a comprehensive account of variationist sociolinguistics' past, but spends little time on its present or future. Current research developments are mentioned only in passing, if at all; the term 'sociophonetics', for instance, never appears. This is understandable: the future of variationist sociolinguistics will be a new generation's story to tell. The challenge for those of us in subsequent generations will be to strike out in new directions without losing sight of the foundations of the field. Thanks to the great service Tagliamonte has done by collecting and assembling the reflections in this book, this is now easier than it once was.


It all started with a phone call from our founding Dean, Dick Morgan, in the spring of 2000. He had someone in his office whom he wanted me to meet, he said. I was curious, so I dropped everything and sped over to his office. As soon as I arrived, he introduced me to Assemblywoman Sandra Tiffany. I knew nothing about her, but soon learned from her that she had a longstanding interest in improving the lives of Nevada's children and was on her way to serving her fifth term in the Nevada Assembly. I needed no further opening than that. At the Dean's invitation, I launched into my all too familiar tirade about the state of legal representation of juveniles in Clark County. In the course of planning for the opening of my Juvenile Justice Clinic in Fall 2000, I had discovered, through meetings with juvenile court hearing masters1 and lawyers representing both the State of Nevada and the children those lawyers sought to prosecute, that a mere handful of children were being represented by counsel in their delinquency proceedings. In fact, only those few who denied the charges outright were provided with counsel; the multitude of others would proceed to


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring gear tooth wear. Specifically, for measuring the template (60) in the amount of wear on the teeth of the first gear (42) is used, the template comprising a first template tooth (62), the first template tooth (62) is configured to to fit in a space defined between the second gear teeth of the first gear tooth and adjacent the first gear tooth so that when the side portion is in an unworn condition, an edge of the first template tooth (64, 66) against side of the first gear teeth (44, 46), and substantially no gap. The template is configured to axially relative to on (100) defined by the gear, a radial direction (102) defined with respect to the gear and reproducibly positioned in the same position with respect to the rotational direction of the gear defined by (104) wherein a measurable gap between the edge and the side corresponding to the amount of wear on the first gear teeth.


In the prediction of time series using multilayer feedforward neural networks, there are two practical methods for selecting learning data: the moving window data learning method, and the similar data selective learning method with the correlation coefficient based similar data selection method which we proposed in a previous paper. In this paper, for time series data with explanatory variables, the predictive performance by the two methods was investigated by numerical simulations. With the time series whose nature is choppy, the latter performed considerably better than the former. With the time series whose nature is smooth, the former performed slightly better than the latter. According to these results, it was found that the latter is effective for a time series whose nature is choppy.


Introduction
Headache is a frequent sign of stroke, occurring both in the acute phase and persisting for 3 months after the stroke. The most recent International Classification of Headache Disorders has included persistent headache attributed to past stroke. Diagnosis depends on the presence of headache in the acute phase of stroke, although the headache persists for more than 3 months after the cerebrovascular event.
Objectives
To assess the incidence, course and impact of persistent headache attributed to a past ischemic stroke. To identify risk factors for the development of persistent headache attributed to a past stroke.
Methods
This was a prospective, observational cohort study. Inpatients with stroke, admitted within 72 hours of the onset of symptoms, were assessed at the Real Hospital Português de Beneficência de Pernambuco. Diagnosis of ischemic stroke occurred through the presence of an area of restricted diffusion in the magnetic resonance examination within a compatible clinical context. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to characterize the sociodemographic information, the cerebrovascular disease and the headaches according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. The NIHSS Stroke Scale and the HIT-6 scale were also used. Patients were assessed in person by the researchers in the acute phase of stroke and by telephone after 1 year to assess persistent headache attributed to past stroke.
Results
Initially, 221 patients were included, most of them male (59.3%) and whose mean age was 68.2 years ± 13.8. One hundred and nineteen patients (53.9%) answered the questionnaire by telephone 1 year after the stroke. Persistent headache attributed to a past stroke presented a frequency of 10.1% in the sample (95%CI: 5.3 to 17.0%) 1 year after the stroke. Headache presented a median frequency of 2.5 (1 – 4) days...
(To see the complet abstract, please, check out the PDF.)


The improved genetic algorithm is combined into the foundation pit finite element method. On the basis of the measured lateral displacement data on site, the parameters of the foundation soils were obtained by the back analysis. Then the lateral deformation of the surrounding soil was analyzed on the condition of each different step under the foundation pit excavation according to the inversion parameters, and the calculation and analysis of lateral displacement of cement-soil pile with anchorage retaining structure was did. The results reveal that the calculated value is agreed with to the measured value, which indicates that the improved genetic algorithm is efficient to the related constructions.


A familiar complaint about the American university is its neglect of teaching. "At present," declares William Arrowsmith, "universities are as uncongenial to teaching as the Mojave Desert to a clutch of Druid priests."' In this arid environment, the results, according to Ernest Boyer, president of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, are "often uninspired."2 As he describes the problem: "With few exceptions, when we visited classes, the teacher stood in front of rows of chairs and talked most of the forty-five or fifty minutes. Information was presented that often students passively received. There was little opportunity for positions to be clarified or ideas challenged."3 It is customary to link the neglect of teaching with the rise of the research university and to assume that there was an earlier time when great teachers packed the lecture halls and lavished attention on their students. As Charles Sykes observes, after assailing my own university for failing to promote several popular young instructors: "This [neglect of teaching] was, by no means, always the case at Harvard. At one time Harvard boasted such brilliant scholar-teachers as Henry James, Irving Babbitt (a teacher of T. S. Eliot), George Santayana, Joseph Schumpeter, and William Ernest Hocking. Two [later] generations of Harvard students thrilled to Professor Samuel Beer. . . . But he was a representative of a breed of teacher already obsolete in the academic culture."4 Notwithstanding Sykes and those who share his view, it is hard to locate a Golden Age of teaching at Harvard (or, I suspect, at other universities). As early as 1722, Benjamin Franklin declared that Harvard students "learn little more than how to carry themselves handsomely and enter a Room genteelly (which might as well be acquired at a Dancing school)."5 Instructors in those early years distanced themselves more and more from their charges, with the result that "in the eighteenth century . . . the undergraduates began to look at them as their natural enemies."6 After 1825, new grading and disciplinary


For the growth of GaSb crystals, firstly the GaSb feed material must be prepared. An alternative method, based on magnetic induction phenomena, was used to synthesize GaSb feed materials. The advantage of this method is the mixing time, which is much shorter (3h) than for other methods (12h). In order to investigate the efficiency of the technique, GaSb feed material has been prepared and analyzed. This paper presents the results of this GaSb feed material characterization by different techniques. The stoichiometry and homogeneity of the samples were verified by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and were found to be compositionally homogeneous having a stoichiometry very close to the nominal one. The optical behavior of the samples was studied using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Their optical parameters, calculated by fitting the FTIR reflectivity spectra, present a typical behavior, in accordance with the literature.


A flight test with a simplified hybrid laminar flow control (HLFC) system on the vertical tail plane (VTP) of an A320 aircraft was performed in April/May 2018. This HLFC system was a prototype for ...


An in situ technique with X-ray diffraction analysis has been developed to study the crystallization of lactose in humid air. This technique was used in association with ex situ scanning electron microscopy to determine changes in phase composition and morphology during crystallization. Individual spherical particles of spray-dried lactose plasticize and coalesce upon absorption of moisture. Following an induction period, crystallization is rapid with the appearance of the anhydrous 5:3 phase containing both a and β isomers of lactose, α-lactose monohydrate and /3-lactose, almost simultaneously. The 5:3 phase decomposed as the other two phases developed. After extended exposure to humid air, only α-lactose monohydrate and /3-lactose were observed. The predominant particle habit observed in the fully crystallized lactose is platelet. These observations are rationalized in terms of the restricted molecular diffusion in plasticized lactose preventing movement of the β-lactose isomer toward developing α-lactose monohydrate crystals with the result that normal solution phase inhibition of growth of the (Oil) face leading the tomahawk shaped crystal lactose does not occur. The restricted diffusional conditions also favor the formation of the mixed isomer 5:3 phase, resulting in the entrapment of both isomers during crystallization.


Starting from the definition of private small and medium-sized enterprises,the paper analyzes the demand of their employees and its characteristics,and indicates the measures for motivating their core employees.


The separate blood information database meets the need of recording information outside the blood station, and it can send the collected information to the database of No.1 Military Medical Project.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the generation of innovations by employees and the creation of initiative paths, and to discover which factors contribute to the implementation of an initiative.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on longitudinal qualitative research, the study explores the profiles of initiative paths and the types of innovations and relationships among the generated innovations.

Findings

It was found that, to become an innovation, an initiative followed different paths along which the processing and outcomes varied, as did the time needed for experimentation. The creation of initiative paths required the transformative agency of the actors involved. Power relations had an impact on the generation of initiatives and implementation of innovations.

Originality/value

Innovations research has concentrated on the generation of ideas and the implementation of innovations. This study focuses on the process path along which ideas become innovations and on the role of power relations in the innovations process.


Objective: To observe the clinical effects of dental implant for dentition defect restoration.Methods:Clinical data of 192 dentition defect patients underwent dental implant were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 397 dental implant were successful,of which only 3 failed showing a planting success rate of 99.25%.Conclusions:Dental implant is the ideal repair method for dentition defect since it shows great effects based on appropriate choice of implant material,excellent surgical technique and regular maintenance after operation.


With rapid development of tourism on a global scale,the guide-interpreter,which is seen as "soul of tourism",plays an important role in the vigorous international tourism.Beginning with the role of cross-cultural brokers,this paper focuses on the awareness of cross-cultural communication.It is pointed out that the translation is not merely a cross-language communication behavior,but a cross-cultural communication behavior.The nature of the guide-interpreter's translation and the factors which influence the translation are analyzed.Culture barriers that often appear in the culture shock and some translation strategies on how to cross cultural barriers are both discussed.


The Hispano-Philippine style of ivory sculpture production in colonial Manila is almost synonymous with the growth of Spain's global empire from the sixteenth century onward. Crucified Christ (Figure 1) epitomizes this distinct, then-popular sculptural style: a porcelain-like face with a long nose, almond eyes, arched eyebrows, distinguished eyelids, and flowing hair along the side of the figure's face.1 These sculptures, which exist today with "very few archival references to the[ir] manufacture . . . [and] no surviving contracts or artist names and no signed works from the sixteenth or seventeenth centuries," have been studied by historians and art critics alike in terms of Latin American consumer demand, marketability, Catholic devotion and conversion, and "Chineseness," among other veins of inquiry.2 Common across these investigations is discussion of the significance of Chinese immigrants—called Sangleys (or "those who come to trade") within the Spanish colony—who have been consistently identified as the creators of these sculptures.3 Up to this point, art-historical scholarship has not meaningfully interrogated this designation. While crediting the Sangleys with the production of Hispano-Philippine sculptures is understandable considering art historians' definition of the style and the few surviving archival documents that specifically mention Chinese immigrants, there exists a complex interplay of sociocultural forces that undergirds the creation of these art objects. Intercultural interactions are not a new concept in relation to these sculptures' manufacture, as scholars have considered the ivory trade and broader East and Southeast Asian trading networks, but one community of artisans important to Philippine sculpture-making has been understudied: the native Filipinos of colonial Manila, by far the largest group in the city.4 By 1620, there were approximately 20,000 native Filipinos residing in Manila, compared to the 16,000 Chinese residents; 3,000 Japanese individuals; and 2,400


ABSTRACT Aircraft detection in remote sensing images has become an attractive research topic, which plays an essential role in various military and civil applications. In this letter, we develop a novel method for aircraft detection in remote sensing images based on deep residual network (ResNet) and Super-Vector (SV) coding. First, a variant of ResNet with fewer layers is designed to increase the resolution of the feature map, and multi-level convolutional features are merged into an informative feature description for region proposal. Meanwhile, we extract histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) with SV coding from each region of interest, which assists convolutional features to complete object classification. We comprehensively evaluate the proposed method on our remote sensing image dataset. The experimental results show that our method outperforms top-performing aircraft detection methods with higher accuracy even when the backgrounds are complicated.


In 1926 the Fascist regime instituted a restrictive shop-licensing system which accounts for the continued prominence of small shopkeepers in Italy today. Retailers' interests were represented on the licensing panels by the Fascist Confederation for Commercial Traders in an apparently genuine grant of corporate authority. The confederation swiftly reconstituted itself after the fall of the regime and retained its power within the post-war licensing structure. This article will analyse the background to the introduction of the system as a way into debates about the relationship between the Fascist state and the petite bourgeoisie.


Abstract While ethnic minority children today experience parental separation almost as often as the majority of Danish children, research on how they experience divorce is limited. Hence, this article applies a mixed methods approach to investigate post-divorce father-child contact for ethnic minority children compared to Danish majority peers. Drawing on survey data, the article documents how ethnic minority children are more likely than their Danish majority peers to have either no contact with their fathers or see their fathers for shorter durations. Drawing on qualitative interviews with adult and child members of post-divorce ethnic minority families, we propose that the observed differences in post-divorce father-child contact can result from the lower socio-economic position of the members of such families, be tied to higher thresholds for divorcing, and arise from different understandings of the role of the father in the ethnic minorities' home country cultures as compared to the Danish host society.


High power diode laser bars and stacks are of great interest in industrial applications due to their high electro-optical efficiency, their small type of construction and maintenance free operation. With highly sophisticated beam shaping optics diode lasers can be used as pumping sources for solid state and fiber lasers and direct for material processing, e.g. welding, soldering and marking metals. We have developed different fiber coupled diode laser systems with output power up to greater than 2 kW cw into a spot 0 1.0 mm (power density greater than 250 kW/cm2) and systems with output power 170 W cw into a spot 0 0.38 mm (power density about 150 kW/cm2). The 2 kW system operates with a 0 1.5 mm fiber (N.A. 0.32) and consists of polarization and wavelength coupled stacks with an overall electro-optical efficiency of 23%. The smaller system operates either with a 0 0.6 mm (N.A. 0.22) or 0 0.4 mm (N.A. 0.33) fiber and consists of a single stack. Polarization and wavelength coupling will be realized in future. The overall electro-optical efficiency is about 27%.


Historically the examination of material models involved searching merely for formulae that described real materials (Lambert, Minneart), but computer graphics rendered the application of virtual formulae useful (Phong, Blinn, etc). However, the latter approach is acceptable only if the concept of physical plausibility is correctly defined. Fulfillment of " reality " requirements apart, especially for computer graphics some significant factors may have to be taken into account, such as the cost of applying a formula. The computation of the immediate relationship between incoming and outgoing direction pairs is such a factor, or the effects of uniformly distributed lighting in various outgoing directions, or the sampling of radiance directions of the incoming light ray according to Monte Carlo method. An extension of the albedo concept defined for diffuse material models is included in the definition of physical plausibility. The new albedo concept may have multiple applications. The extended definition of albedo may be used for detailed characterization of the behavior of the material model. It can be directly seen as effect of uniformly distributed daylight. Fitting of albedo can be a significant factor of a BRDFs' fitting. Similarly it plays an important role in the technique of importance sampling. For the proper treatment of the concept of distance for material models, the concept of composition may be defined as the analogue of " correlation " , which is an interesting new tool for the examination of BRDF. A number of formulae were derived for the description of metals. The metallic appearance of materials is characterized first of all by the albedo function, specular and off-specular peaks and behavior at grazing angles. In this paper the physical plausibility of several known material models will be critically examined by investigating their albedo behavior. We shall describe two simple, generally applicable and effective methods for the elimination of the deficiencies of known metal models or, in general, rendering material models to appear more realistic. One method eliminates some generally recurring defects of the albedo function practically without computational costs: it cancels the damage to the energy balance and at the same time it corrects the artificial darkening of reflected radiance. The second, even simpler method involves an inverse-cosine function, which by a single multiplication significantly improves the Phong and Blinn model, while it conserves their assets. The basic task of this thesis the development of BRDF formulae, which fulfill the physical plausibility requirement and …


Work Summary of the 1989 Summer Faculty Fellowship Program Performed atGoddard Space Flight CenterChoice of Gauge in 2-Photon ls-2s Transition in AtomicHydrogen and Pseudostate ExpansionsAbdulalim A ShabazzDepartment of Mathematical and Computer SciencesClark Atlanta UniversityAtlanta, Georgia 30314NASA Colleague: Dr Richard J Drachman, Code 681A number of writers have considered the problem of gauge choice inmultiphoton transitions in conection with the proper choice of theunperturbed wave functions required to insure gauge invariance. In thepaper, Choice of Gauge in 2-Photon Transitions: ls-2s Transition inHydrogen. Physical Review Letters, vol 39, #17, 24 October 1977, JBassani, J J Forney and A Quattropani considered the case of 2-photonls-2s transition rate for hydrogen, using gauges


Purpose This study reveals obstetric nurses' current situation and challenges to promote breast milk production for mothers of preterm infants, as well as the actual outcome of mothers' status of breast milk expression during the same period of time. We surveyed two mothers who gave birth to preterm infants: at 28 and at 30 weeks' gestation. To describe the current situation of mother's breast milk expression we collected the following data: time of starting and ending breast milk expression, frequency of breast milk expression per day, amount of breast milk per day, method of breast milk expression, place of breast milk expression, event before and after breast milk expression, and daily mood during the first month after giving birth. In addition, we conducted a focus group interview with four midwives, each with four years of clinical experience and who worked on the obstetric ward. They were prompted to discuss aspects of their nursing care to promote breast milk production for mothers of preterm infants. The interview content was analyzed using thematic analysis. impinging on their care to promote breast milk production for mothers of preterm infants on maternity wards: " implicit care policies " , " difficulty initiating early breast milk expression after a cesarean delivery " , " difficulty establishing mothers' rhythm of breast milk expression " , " lack of opportunities to provide care after discharge " , " difficulty providing care in coopera-tion with the neonatal intensive care unit " , and " difficulty maintaining mothers' motivation for breast milk expression " . of preterm infants had delayed breast milk expression more than one hour after birth. The frequency of breast milk expression was low. Obstetric nurses encountered some barriers in their attempts to provide care to promote breast milk production for mothers. There was a gap in the recognition of nurses and practice especially, for the first time starting breast milk expression. We found the time at which not only the mother of cesarean section but also of vaginal delivery begins breast milk expression to be delayed. Building on the findings from this research, the next phase is to develop an educational program that enables nurses working on obstetric wards to set the standard of and provide care to promote breast milk production such as early and frequent breast milk expression for mothers of preterm infants.


The emission of antineutrinos is interpreted by the inductive-inertial phenomenon as independent E/M formations, which are created when a neutron breaks down into a proton and an electron (beta decay). Specically, at the contact limits of the neutron quarks, due to the acceleration of the surface charges of the neutron cortex, the adjacent opposite units are strongly accelerated, causing grouping units outside the neutron cortex as independent E/M formations of one spindle.


Abstract In the early prehistoric world, communication relied heavily on gestural communication, equally important being sensory communication. Wine transcends time and offers access to the basis of this communication. It can transfer information to a receiver ready to recognize it. Non-verbal language in wine is three-dimensional: visual, olfactory, gustatory. Nonverbal language is the expression of wine's identity and diversity.


Simple Summary We conducted a network analysis of microRNA–mRNA associations in melanoma tissue and cell lines to identify the microRNAs central to melanoma biology and their associated gene expression profiles. Further, we evaluated expression of these microRNAs in melanoma patient biopsies and found that increased expression of miR-100-5p and miR-125b-5p were associated with improved outcomes with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Further investigation of these microRNAs as biomarkers and potential targets to improve immunotherapy response in melanoma is warranted. Abstract Metastatic melanoma is a deadly malignancy with poor outcomes historically. Immuno-oncology (IO) agents, targeting immune checkpoint molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), have revolutionized melanoma treatment and outcomes, achieving significant response rates and remarkable long-term survival. Despite these vast improvements, roughly half of melanoma patients do not achieve long-term clinical benefit from IO therapies and there is an urgent need to understand and mitigate mechanisms of resistance. MicroRNAs are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that regulate many aspects of cancer biology, including immune evasion. We used network analysis to define two core microRNA–mRNA networks in melanoma tissues and cell lines corresponding to 'MITF-low' and 'Keratin' transcriptomic subsets of melanoma. We then evaluated expression of these core microRNAs in pre-PD-1-inhibitor-treated melanoma patients and observed that higher expression of miR-100-5p and miR-125b-5p were associated with significantly improved overall survival. These findings suggest that miR-100-5p and 125b-5p are potential markers of response to PD-1 inhibitors, and further evaluation of these microRNA–mRNA interactions may yield further insight into melanoma resistance to PD-1 inhibitors.


Intravenous catheter fracture is one of the complications of plastic catheters. We present a case of fracture of peripheral iv cannula that might have happened due to forceful blood transfusion. Fortunately we were able to remove the fractured part of the iv cannula before it landed up in a catastrophic embolic complication. Introduction Securing of intravenous (iv) cannula is a key component for almost every patient arriving in causality and in operating room. Various complications such as infilteration, thrombophlebitis, venous spasm, haematoma, air embolism, infection, as well as injury to nerves, tendon and ligament can occur. [1] One of the rare complication is fracture of iv cannula which can lead to embolic episodes. Thus, what might seem to be a simple daily procedure done by any health personnel can lead to deadly complications. Case Report A 25 years old female was planned to undergo laprotomy for ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Standard monitoring like ECG, SPO2 and NIBP was applied. As patient was hemodynamically unstable (blood pressure 80/40 mm Hg) due to heavy blood loss two iv cannulas were secured. An18 gauge intravenous cannula on dorsum of left hand and another on the dorsum of right hand. Patient was induced with etomidate and succinylcholine and intubated with 7.0 mm ID cuffed ETT. Blood was pushed with a three way cannula through left hand 18 gauge intravenous cannula. After sometime we noticed that blood was constantly leaking from the cannula from which blood was being transfused. Thus, the transfusion was started from the other cannula. After completion of surgery, while patient was stable, we opened the fixation of cannula from which blood was leaking. While taking out the cannula, we found the catheter was separated from the hub (Figure 1). Hub was taken out while catheter remained in the vein. Fortunately the tip of the hind part of the catheter was still visible so we immediately immobilised the limb, tied a http://jmscr.igmpublication.org/home/ ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v9i2.08


Yahoo China recently launched a new translation software. The super easy to use and friendly operation system needed to make an impact in the crowded translation tool market. Tribal DDB Shanghai, part of DDB China Group, was called to create an exciting online way of publicizing the system.


In this paper a general shop scheduling problem with sequence dependent setup times and alternative resources is considered, where optimization criteria are both makespan and sum of setup times. Two cooperative models for the problem based on Constraint Programming are proposed. The first is used to model the scheduling constraints, while the second is a multi-path model used for setup optimization. Integrating lower bounding techniques for the sum of setup times, the multi-path model performs propagation based on reduced cost fixing. A solution method based on a two phase algorithm is described, and a computational study is performed both on instances known from literature as on newly proposed instances. It is shown that the cooperation of the two models significantly improves performance. Although the aim of the paper is to study the problem including alternative resources, for several known instances without alternative resources, we were able to improve on the best known results.


Objective: To determine the effect of a standing orders program (SOP) for administration of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines on vaccination rates of patients from four adult medical wards at a major academic medical center. Methods: Patient medical records were reviewed to gather information on patient's vaccination eligibility and status prior to discharge. Patients from the four medical wards were assessed over a three-week period. Results: One hundred sixty-four patients were analyzed, and 35 patients were vaccinated, receiving 39 vaccines in total. Of all 399 indicated vaccines, 162 (41%) were administered prior to admission 33% influenza, 54% 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), and 34% 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). When accounting for vaccines that were previously administered, 237 vaccines (110 influenza, 63 PPSV23, 64 PCV13) were indicated for administration just prior to discharge; only 16% of these vaccines were administered (12% influenza, 4% PPSV23, 0% PCV13). Conclusion: Discharge vaccinations may be improved with provider education and an outline of the current pneumococcal vaccines administration recommendations. INTRODUCTION Pneumococcal infections and influenza can be life threatening. This is particularly true for patients with diseases that cause immunosuppression and the elderly. It would not be possible for public health departments to vaccinate for prevention of pneumococcal diseases and influenza for most of the highrisk patients in the community. Thus, healthcare providers should work to ensure that all patients have received the two vaccines that provide protection against pneumococcal infections, based on age and risk.1-3 In addition, influenza vaccine should be administered on an annual basis during each influenza season.4-6 In this quality-assurance project, we chose to assess vaccine administration prior to discharge for four units in one hospital. The objectives of this project were to understand the strengths and weaknesses of our standing orders program (SOP) for vaccination of patients prior to discharge. We also wanted to understand how to improve physician and provider education to effectively target those patients for whom pneumococcal and influenza vaccines are indicated prior to discharge. METHODS We assessed a group of patients upon discharge from the Jennie Sealy Hospital, a teaching hospital on the main campus of the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Texas. The SOP was initiated in 2001-2002 and was entered into the hospital's EPIC software system in 2009. Nurses were trained in a classroom on the screening process, standing orders, and the evidence supporting vaccination of patients during their hospitalization. Four internal medicine wards, including one geriatric ward (10A, 10B, 10C, and 11D) were recruited for the project. Each ward has a faculty attending physician, a second or third year resident, and two interns. Patient records were accessed via the EPIC electronic medical record (EMR) system for patients discharged between November 15, 2016, and December 2, 2016. It was expected that all adults who had not been vaccinated against influenza this season (or did not recall receiving an influenza vaccine) would be vaccinated prior to discharge.4 Standing orders for 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) were based on current recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.1 A flow chart was developed based on CDC recommendations and was used in the project while assessing a patient's vaccine needs for pneumococcal vaccines prior to discharge. Medical records were reviewed for the patient's discharge date, discharge diagnosis, other diagnoses for which the vaccines were indicated, age, vaccines received, vaccines not received, and the reasons vaccines were not administered. The "reason vaccine was not received" was determined by documentation in the EMR. Taken into account was whether or not a given vaccine was indicated for the patient, what vaccines were documented to have been given previously, and the reasoning stated on the discharge summary by the discharging physician as to why a patient received or did not receive a given vaccine. If a vaccine was refused by a patient, the nurse noted a reason for refusal. Neither patients nor medical staff were interviewed. Approval by the Institutional Review Board was not required as this was considered a quality improvement project. RESULTS During the project period, 164 patient charts were analyzed. Fifty patients were discharged from ward 10A, 35 from ward 10B, 43 from ward 10C, and 36 from ward 11D. The age range of these patients was 20-96 years with a mean age of 61.3 years and a median age of 62 years. Two hundred thirtytwo diagnoses pertinent to pneumococcal vaccine administration were identified in the patient population (Tables 1 and 2). Only 39 vaccines were administered (29 influenza, 10 PPSV23, 0 PCV13) to 35 patients receiving one or more vaccines (9 in ward 10A, 7 in ward 10B, 20 in ward 10C, and 3 in ward 11D) (Table 3). A total of 399 immunizations were indicated based on age and related chronic illnesses (164 influenza, 138 PPSV23, 97 PCV13). After accounting for vaccines


The current literature concerning the reproductive health of end stage renal disease (ESRD) females is scarce, outdated, and largely unknown in women living in developing countries. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of menstrual abnormalities and their associated factors among ESRD women in reproductive age undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD) in Egypt.


ABSTRACT Precision forestry allows decision-making on tree level or pixel level, as compared to stand-level data. However, little is known about the importance of precision in thinning decisions and its long-term effects on within-stand variation, stand economy and growth. In this study, silviculture was optimized for Net Present Value (NPV) in 20 conifer-dominated forest stands in hemi-boreal southern Sweden. The precision-thinning approach, Precision Thinning (PT), is compared with a stand-level approach, Stand Level Thinning (SLT) that is optimized for the same criteria but based on stand-level data. The results suggest no substantial long-term benefit or drawback in implementing thinning decisions based on pixel-level data as compared to stand-level data when optimizing stand economy. The result variables NPV and Mean annual increment of living stem volume (MAInet) were not higher for PT than for SLT. The within-stand variation in basal area (m2/ha−1) was lower at the end of the rotation compared to the start of the simulation for both SLT and PT. At the end of the rotation, SLT had higher variation in basal area compared to PT. However, pixel-level information enables adapting the silviculture to the within-stand variation which may favour other forest management goals than strictly financial goals.


ABSTRACT The present research work is associated with the fluorescence investigations of binary aqueous mixed surfactants solutions of anionic bis-sulfosuccinate gemini surfactant (BSGSMA1,8) and three different conventional surfactants—anionic viz. sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic viz. cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and nonionic surfactant viz. Triton X 100. Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy technique has been utilized to examine the micellization behavior of aqueous solution of pure myristyl alcohol-based BSGSMA1,8 having flexible methylene chain [(CH2)8] as spacer group. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), aggregation number (N), and micropolarity of pure and mixed surfactants systems were explored during the investigations. The results revealed the best synergism behavior of prepared gemini BSGSMA1,8 with SDS as compared to CTAB and Triton X 100. The maximum reduction in the value of pyrene intensity ratio (I1/I3) was observed for gemini and SDS mixed surfactant solution. On the other hand, the increased I1/I3 value of mixed gemini with Triton X 100 exhibited that mixed surfactant system of anionic gemini BSGSMA1,8 with non-ionic Triton X 100 is not as compact as other mixed surfactant systems. Aggregation number increased and micropolarity decreased with increased concentration of gemini surfactants. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The right to one's own image in the Republic of Let's analyze some aspects of the legal regulation Kazakhstan has appeared in the Civil Code after of the consent to the use of images that seem to be independence, which was preceded by a long and most interesting from the point of view of law systematic process [1]. Since independence there is a enforcement. revaluation of outdated social values, a person performs as a separate, independent person possessing distinct, The Form of the Consent to Use of the Image: It was individual rights, featuring all the effective ways and mentioned above that for the legitimate use of images means to protect them. Russian scholars jurist just felt the of the person legislator has provided only by his new requirements of the times and started the consent (paragraph 1 of Article 145 of the Civil Code of development of the Civil Code of the newly independent RK) and for legitimate image of the person in the visual state, including in its design number of provisions, which works said that there is no need for consent, if it is are still not in the GC of the Kazakh SSR. These established by legislative acts or the person posed picture provisions include paragraph 3 of Chapter 3, "Moral for a fee (paragraph 2 of Article 145 of the Civil Code of Rights" and it includes a number of non-property rights, RK). which have been allocated to individual articles, including However, the Civil Code does not specify the the right to one's own image. form in which it is necessary to obtain consent for In the civil legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan the use of the image. The absence of reference to the the right to one's own image is seen as a moral right, along consent form shown in practice can lead to difficulties with honor, dignity and business reputation, the right to in enforcement. So, if there is no specific statutory privacy, the right to inviolability of the dwelling. The consent form shown, then for the individuals using human right to one's own image is enshrined in Article 145 his image, there is no assurance that their rights and of the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan: interests are protected in the event that such a trial. "Article 145. The right to one's own image Since there is no precise and exact position of the form in


The extant literatures on the resource-based view and knowledge-based view of firms are silent about how IT human capital investment deviation -i.e., underinvestment and overinvestment in IT human capital- implicate firm outcomes. Anchoring our study in the Red Queen competition theory and the theoretical perspectives flowing from the organization resource slack literature, we examine the relationship between IT human capital investment deviation and firm performance. In particular, we hypothesize that IT human capital overinvestment and IT human capital underinvestment are associated with increased and decreased firm performance respectively. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 715,652 firm observations over 9 years. We find a positive relationship between IT human capital overinvestment and firm performance. We do not find evidence for our prediction that IT human capital underinvestment is associated with firm performance losses. The findings of the study have implications for the IT human capital literature.


More than 200 kinds of organic pollutants were detected in water samples collected from different depths of five monitoring sections in estuary of the Yangtze River in dry and flood seasons.Among the 53 quantitatively measured kinds,36 kinds were in the list of venomous organic compounds specified by EPA of the USA for control,and 16 kinds in the blacklist of China for priority control in environment protection.In the dry season,N-dimethylnitrosamine was the highest in concentration with the maximum value reaching up to 11.2 mg·L~(-1),while in the flood season,2,4-dinitrophenol and butylbenzyl phthalate were high in concentration with the highest to be 1.3 and 1.0 mg·L~(-1),respectively.The concentration of organic pollutants in the deep water layer was higher than in the surface and middle layers.