Based on the unorganized sample data points from the module,we can get a complete framework of subdivision surface,which is a nonlinear at least squard problem.Through the three geometrically approximate optimation method of the subdivision surface,point distance minimization,tangent distance minimization,and squared distance minimization,which reveals the intrinsic relation on contrianed nonline optimization,stability and convergence.For the point distance minimization,which is a variant of the grandient decent,and thus has only linear convergence.To the tangent distance minimization method,it's quadratic convergence for zero residual problems may not convergence at all.Squared distance minimization method is the relative optimization of the three method,and is gotten from the Newton-formula.Through the research of the three methods,makes sure the subdivision surface reach to the convergence stability,and resolve the dispute of the optimization method.


&NA; Tissue culture studies using monolayer cultures or semi‐solid cultures under hypoxic or ambient oxygen conditions were carried out in 86 primary and 241 metastatic human melanomas. The frequencies with which growth occurred were similar for primary and metastatic tumours for each of the culture systems. In tumours which grew in hypoxic semi‐solid culture, however, the plating efficiency (numbers of colonies per 5 ± 105 cells plated) was significantly higher (26.1 ± 2.8) for metastatic melanomas than for primaries (11.9 ± 1.4). Paired comparisons of the growth of individual tumours in hypoxic cultures with growth in ambient oxygen cultures confirmed earlier observations that growth was enhanced by hypoxia due to recruitment of additional colony‐forming cells. The numbers of cells recruited under hypoxic conditions were significantly greater for metastatic tumours than for primaries.


Clearly, there is hope for the couple facing infertility, and among the decisions that the couple has to make, one cannot overlook the choice to adopt a child rather than seek a medical solution to the problem of infertility. But one thing is clear. As long as in vitro fertilization and its progeny bring in the big bucks, there won't be a huge outpouring of support from the medical community for those who, like Dr. Hilgers, believe in solving problems naturally instead of using technologies that are fraught with danger and disappointment.


The article discusses the social problems of the Biysk science city. Gaps have been identified in a number of areas of development: education, healthcare, culture, as well as the infrastructure of the city. The all-Russian problems associated with the decline of the population, the outflow of young people to other cities, insufficient funds to maintain the social sphere, and the deterioration of urban infrastructure are emphasized. The study revealed that by a number of indicators Biysk is below the regional and district values, despite the high status of the city of science and the existing scientific and production potential. A comparative analysis of the socio-economic development strategy of the science city and the plan for its implementation revealed a number of issues that either were not included in the plan and strategy for the development of the science city, or to which formal attention was paid. It is suggested that the degradation of the city is associated with a decrease in annual subsidies from the federal center, with the inability to socially build a successful model of a science city, with the existing inconsistency of management processes and their practical effect only in relation to economically successful regions.


This study aimed to determine the rhetorical structure of the finding and discussion chapters on the thesis and their problems. This study applied a mixed method. The sample of this research was 30 parts of the finding and discussion of the theses of Bengkulu University English Education postgraduate students who graduated from 2019 to 2020. This study used a checklist as a research instrument. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively by applying several stages such as data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions, while quantitative data were obtained through SPSS. The results indicated that students' mastery of rhetorical structures, especially in the finding and discussion section, is categorized as high and medium, where in the finding section, the average value of students was 41 which is categorized as high, while the average value in the discussion section is 37 which is included in the medium category. The next finding was that some students had difficulty in writing the finding and discussion chapters. These problems included analyzing data, interpreting data, writing discussion sections, incomplete rhetorical structures in writing, mastery of English including vocabulary and grammar, writing the evaluation section in the discussion, coherence and cohesiveness in writing and personal problems.


The present investigation has been taken up with the goal of developing transgenic safflower producing gamma linolenic acid (GLA), a pharmaceutically important fatty acid, in the seed oil. With high levels of linoleic acid in the seed oil, safflower forms an ideal target for production of GLA. The strategy envisaged includes developing transgenic safflower expressing the delta-6desaturase gene from Borago officinalis under napin promoter so that the linoleic acid in the seeds of safflower will be desaturated to yield GLA in the seed oil. We report here the development of suitable gene cassettes for achieving this goal. Gene specific primers for delta 6-desaturase synthesized using the sequences available in the database were used for amplifying the gene from genomic DNA isolated from Borago officinalis. The obtained amplicon of the expected size (1347 bp) was cloned in T/A cloning vector confirmed by restriction analysis and sequencing. The sequence data was subjected to BLAST analysis, which confirmed the cloning of delta-6-desaturase. To achieve the expression of the delta-6desaturase gene in the seeds of safflower, seed specific napin promoter was cloned from Brassica napus using standard PCR technique. The isolated gene delta-6-desaturase was cloned under this napin promoter for expressing in the seeds of safflower to effect production of GLA in safflower seed oil. This gene cassette was cloned into binary vector pCAMBIA1390 and the confirmed clone was mobilized into Agrobacterium strain LBA4404. Putative transgenic safflower shoots have been obtained using this vector and the analysis of these shoots is in progress.


This article raises some aspects referred to the renovation of the educational methodologies that proposes the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) and analyzes the role that can play in that renovation the use of the information and communication technologies (ICT). An approach to these technologies is made, so that it can be handled by the teachers and their possible contribution to the  educational work, using the computer science digitalization and networks, as it is the case of Web 2.0. Also, some aspects of an investigation made in the University of Seville appear, where the teaching staff show their perceptions about contributions of the ICT in the development of the tie proposals to the European Higher Education Area.


Analyzing the surface composition of Venus from remote-sensing measurements is a challenging task. Recently we have reported on brightness variations in the near infrared wavelength range observed with VIRTIS on VenusExpress. Our implication is that these brightness variations might be correlated to emissivity variations of the surface material. The next step to verify this hypothesis is to obtain data in the relevant spectral range at temperatures typical for the surface of Venus. We are currently developing a Planetary Emissivity Laboratory (PEL) at Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Rahmfahrt (DLR) in Berlin. The PEL allows measuring the emissivity of planetary analog materials grain sizes fractions from less than 25 microns all the way to bulk samples and at temperatures of more than 400°C, typically for the surface of Venus. The PEL development follows a multi-step approach. We are currently installing a new calibration target that will allow obtaining emissivity data on the full range from 1 to 50 microns with a usable signal-to-noise ratio. Here we will present first data in the range from 1 to 1.4 microns which covers the atmospheric windows used for the surface observations from VIRTIS on VenusExpress. We will focus especially on which measurements are necessary to verify our earlier hypotheses of compositional variations on the surface of Venus.


As Southern Criminology develops, it will receive its fair share of criticisms. In this paper, I will review three early papers by sympathetic critics that seek to strengthen the approach. Chris Cunneen (2018) has argued that, when conceptualising the South, there should be more recognition of Indigenous experiences. Leon Moosavi (2018) has asked whether Australia suffers marginality that is comparable with developing countries. My own contribution criticises critical theorists for over-generalising and romanticising non-western cultures and viewpoints (Travers 2017). In discussing these critical traditions, I draw on my own experiences: supervising an Indigenous project in Tasmania; engaging with international literatures as an Australian academic; and attending a conference on juvenile justice in the People's Republic of China. Realism will take us further on the journey than romanticism, even though it complicates any political program.


The mechanism of plasticizer action has been discussed for linear, slightly and highly crosslinked polymers. The important factors considered are the flexibility of the polymer chain, the polar interaction of groups along the chain, the masking of these interactions by plasticizer molecules, and the importance of the relative shape of polymer unit and plasticizer in the effectiveness of separating the chains. For nonpolar polymers, without secondary valence cross links, the plasticization is largely an entropy effect since no secondary valence bonds are broken or formed.


Human trafficking in the fisheries industry is one of the threats to the security and sovereignty of Indonesia's territorial waters other than Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing. The research about workers in the field of fisheries has not been done much. This article focuses on human trafficking in the fishing industry that takes place in Benjina, Indonesia's sovereign territory. Human trafficking is related to organized transnational crime and actions that violate human rights. This article uses library research as a writing method. This article aims to discuss international norms governing human trafficking, especially in the fishing industry. This article concludes that internationally there have been several relevant international conventions on ships in general and fishing vessels that have been in effect for a long time. However, Indonesia has not ratified some of them. Moreover, the efforts of the Indonesian government in handling human trafficking in its sovereign territory are divided through the handling of the defendant under Law No. 21 of 2007 on Crime of Human Trafficking and assisted the victims with assistance facilitated by IOM.


The formation of the Chinese nation is a long historical process.Western Han Dynasty laid a solid foundation for the formation of the Chinese nation because it pioneered the western regions and southwest regions.As ZHANG Qian had been to the western regions on diplomatic missions twice,he provided the reliable basis correct decision-making for Western Han Dynasty.Objectively speaking,ZHANG Qian's foresight and sagacity precisely promoted the national integration of the Yellow River nationality with the northwest nationality and the southwest nationality.He created the immortal feats for the formation of the Chinese nation.


1588Background: Germline genetic mutations occur in approximately 25% of women with epithelial ovarian cancers. Recent advances in frontline maintenance therapy for patients with hereditary breast ...


findings on difference and similarity are outlined, including physical and cognitive functioning, personality and social behavior, and sexual behavior. Although the results often seem inconclusive, Basow does an excellent job of summarizing each section, pointing out exactly where differences do and do not appear. The second part is a detailed analysis of the origins of gender stereotypes and roles. The chapter on Historical Perspectives was especially interesting and timely; it is often left unaddressed in psychology courses. In the third part, the consequences of gender stereotypes and roles are presented. This analysis takes place on three levels: personal, interpersonal, and societal. Finally, a look beyond to new conceptions of stereotypes and roles is presented. Although the text includes examples of research conducted on different racial and ethnic groups throughout the chapters, the discussion of sexual orientation is limited mainly to the section on friendships and love relationships. This limited scope reflects, in part, the lack of research on this topic; however, acknowledgement of the heterosexual bias in research is warranted. This bias extends to issues of disability and class, both of which are generally ignored in research but have great potential for affecting stereotypes and roles in relation to gender. I highly recommend this book for use in Psychology of Gender courses. It is appropriate for use with students at all levels, although the level of scholarship may be difficult for students without an introductory background in psychology. The text covers all of the important material for such a course, allowing for flexibility in choosing lecture and discussion materials.


Purpose – The purpose of this chapter is to examine the hypothesized effects of board characteristics and performance on directors' compensation in the Spanish corporations, whose corporate governance is a special example of a unitary board system.

Methodology/approach – In order to test the influence of a set of factors on directors' compensation levels, we have developed several models based on linear panel data regression. The sample included 76 listed companies on the Spanish computerized trading system or Continuous Market for the period 2004–2009.

Findings – The control mechanisms, like board characteristics and performance and their effect on the level of directors' compensation, depend on the types of director (executive, independent and proprietary).

Research limitations/implications (if applicable) – This study has certain limitations mainly related to problems associated with obtaining information. The methodology should be complemented by other types of analyses, such as the influence of the characteristics of the board on the remuneration structure in a greater level of disaggregation.

Practical implications (if applicable) – The results of this research chapter give reasons to regulators and investors to be aware of the importance of the board's characteristics as corporate control mechanisms over the directors' remuneration and the necessity of connection between directors' compensation and the firm's performance.

Originality/value of paper – Firstly, descriptive empirical evidence on the level of directors' compensation is provided within a unitary board system for different types of directors. Secondly, an ample panel data set enables the examination of a set of determinants using panel data methods which control for unobserved firm heterogeneity. Finally, the perspective is extended from executive director compensation to other types of directors, such as proprietary or independent, which are very important features of the Spanish board structure.


Abstruct: The initial alignment of Strapdown Inertial Navigation System(SINS) can be divided into staticbase alignment and moving-base alignment according to the operating states of carriers. In this paper,based on the principle of static-base alignment of SINS, the error equations and the measurement equations are deduced. The Kalman filter model is formed and applied to the staticbase initial alignment. At last the simulation is completed.


7165 Background: Combined strategy CT+surgery is currently considered the best option treatment for pts with locally advanced (LA) NSCLC. A multinational phase III trial was conducted to assess additional CT on survival in completely resected tumors.

METHODS
After 3 cycles of NIP for LA NSCLC stage II B (only T3 N0) III A and III B (only T4 N0) and no longer than 45 days after surgery, pts were randomised to 2 additional cycles of NIP (NVB 25 mg/m2 d1, 5; IFO 3 g/m2; MESNA 3g/m2 and CDDP 80mg/m2 each at d1 qw3) (Arm A) vs to no further treatment (Arm B). Primary end-point was 2 year survival; secondaries were toxicity profile, DFS and overall survival.

RESULTS
From 1/1999 to 10/2002, 155 out of 156 pts included received CT: 133 (85%) males, median age: 59 years (35-75).

HISTOLOGY
53% squamous, 30% adenocarcinoma, 5% large cell carcinoma, and 12% unknown. 65% pts were st III A, 27% II B and 8% III B. The median tumor diameter was 5.5 cm (1.2-10.6). After 3 cycles, response rate to neo-adjuvant CT was 56.5% (80/142 evaluable pts); (CI 95% [48.2-64.5]) with 3.5% CR and 53% PR. Relative dose intensity(%): 97, 99 and 99 respectively for NVB, IFO and Cisplatin. Tolerance included G3-4 neutropenia/pts in 4% and G3 anemia in 4%; non-haematological toxicities included G3 nausea/vomiting (N/V) in 11%, G3-4 diarrhoea in 3%, G3 anorexia and G3-4 infection in 6.5%, G3 asthenia 8.5% and G3-4 alopecia 25.5%. 107 pts (69%) were operated with complete resection (R0) of 74%(79/107pts). Operative mortality rate was 2.8%. After 2 to 44 days (median 21) 79 pts were randomised: 49% (37pts) in arm A (adjuvant CT) and 53% (42pts) in arm B (no adjuvant CT). Main toxicity of adjuvant CT included G3-4 N/V 6%, G3 alopecia 9% and G3 infection, G3 cardiac and G3 asthenia 1.5% each. Survival data will be submitted for May 3rd, 2004.

CONCLUSION
The preliminary analysis of this large trial shows that the triplet NIP as neoadjuvant CT in pts with large LA NSCLC is effective, allowing 74% of R0. The administration on day 1 and 5 of NVB did reduce significantly the neutropenia, then causing no delay for surgery. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Dexmedetomidine (DMT) has been shown to prolong spinal anaesthesia. We evaluated the effects of intravenous DMT on low‐dose bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia in elderly patients.


(Ultra) luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs) are objects characterized by their extreme infrared (8–1000 μm) luminosities (LLIRG > 1011 L☉ and LULIRG > 1012 L☉). The Herschel Comprehensive ULIRG Emission Survey (PI: van der Werf) presents a representative flux-limited sample of 29 (U)LIRGs that spans the full luminosity range of these objects (1011L☉ ⩽ LIR ⩽ 1013L☉). With the Herschel Space Observatory, we observe [C ii] 157 μm, [O i] 63 μm, and [O i] 145 μm line emission with Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer, CO J = 4–3 through J = 13–12, [C i] 370 μm, and [C i] 609 μm with SPIRE, and low-J CO transitions with ground-based telescopes. The CO ladders of the sample are separated into three classes based on their excitation level. In 13 of the galaxies, the [O i] 63 μm emission line is self absorbed. Comparing the CO excitation to the InfraRed Astronomical Satellite 60/100 μm ratio and to far infrared luminosity, we find that the CO excitation is more correlated to the far infrared colors. We present cooling budgets for the galaxies and find fine-structure line flux deficits in the [C ii], [Si ii], [O i], and [C i] lines in the objects with the highest far IR fluxes, but do not observe this for CO 4 ⩽ Jupp ⩽ 13. In order to study the heating of the molecular gas, we present a combination of three diagnostic quantities to help determine the dominant heating source. Using the CO excitation, the CO J = 1–0 linewidth, and the active galactic nucleus (AGN) contribution, we conclude that galaxies with large CO linewidths always have high-excitation CO ladders, and often low AGN contributions, suggesting that mechanical heating is important.


We appraise the capability of the Hartree-Fock approximation to reproduce the optical potential in the relativistic treatment. For this purpose we consider a variety of Lagrangian densities and study in detail the impact of different parameters, which may influence the optical potential. In general one can conclude that the energy dependence of the relativistic Hartree-Fock approximation is too weak, so that an agreement with experimental fits is only possible in certain energy windows. For comparison we also give some results for the Hartree approximation.


This paper analyzes two strategies for routing shipments through transportation terminals. One strategy is to send each shipment through the terminal offering the minimum possible travel distance. The other strategy is to send each shipment through the terminal near the travel origin offering the minimum possible travel distance. Although the second strategy results in slightly larger average travel distance, more flow is consolidate onto transportation links. Flow consolidation is desirable because of economies to scale in transportation. The relation between average travel distance and number of terminals is quantified through use of continuous space models, and verified with an example involving the 37 largest cities in the United States. In addition, this paper identifies conditions under which the two routing strategies offer the same average travel distance, and concludes that the choice of terminal can generally be limited to those near the travel origin. (Author)


The paper had carried on research on the strength of unsaturated and remolded loess from Yangling of Shaanxi with improved TS-526 true triaxial apparatus under different water moisture,consolidation pressure and dry density including unilateral constraints and bilateral unconstrained test under plane strain conditions. The results show that with the water content increasing,the dry density and consolidation pressure are reduced and the soil strength is lower; the volume change of unilateral constraints keeps in the state of bilateral shear contraction,however,the change of bilateral unconstrained turns from the state of shear contraction to shear militancy; confining constraints have less effect on the axial deformation than the influence to the lateral deformation.


This article introduces a new survey technology that uses digital closed-range photogrammetry and GPS to monitor the collapse pit dynamically in the mine in the south east area in China. The new technology can contribute to acquire 3D coordinate of the collapse pit quickly with high precision, and it improves the efficiency of the field survey. From this we can see the advantage of the new survey technology.


Experimental data sets of nuclear reactions have been systematically collected in hundreds of thousands and are still growing rapidly. The data and their correlations compose a complex system, which underpins nuclear science and technology. We model the nuclear reaction data as weighted evolving networks for the purpose of data verification and validation. The networks are employed to study the growing cross-section data of a neutron induced threshold reaction (n,2n) and photoneutron reaction. In the networks, nodes are the historical data and weights of the links are the relative deviation between the data points. It is found that the networks exhibit the small-world behavior, and their discovery processes are well described by the Heaps law. What makes the networks novel is the mapping relation between the network properties and the salient features of the database: Heaps exponent corresponds to the exploration efficiency of the specific data set, the distribution of the edge-weights corresponds to the global uncertainty of the data set, and the mean node weight corresponds to the uncertainty of the individual data point. This new perspective to understand the database would be helpful for nuclear data analysis and compilation.


Avoiding the adverse impact of chemical pesticides,researchers have lried to Iind alternativepestcantrolagcntSwhichareenvironmentalfri:- ndly. Theobjective ofthisresearch study was to collect information from 50 Iar mers and family members involved in fnrming activities on their perception of pesticides. Participatory rural appraisal techniques, semistructured in tcrviews wirh the checklist of questions and direct interaction with the farmers were used to collect this information during May -July 1999. The results showed that both groups of falllHTs, who either adopted or refrained from using botanical pesticides, had experienced health disorders from low (loses of chemical pesticide poisoning and 80 per cent of farmers decided to adopt to use botanical pesticides to reduce health impact and operation cost. However, there were two main obstacles which discourage me use of the botanical pesticides; locally inadequate supply of the raw materials, and the products.  The agricultural system in Thailand needs to be maintained, to supply food to the Thai population, for export and for sustaining farmers' livelihoods. It is imperative that production methods should be environmental friendly and their produce must be safe to consumers. On that matter botanical pesticides are one of th e promising alternatives.


The classical Kalman filter is not suitable for transfer alignment(TA)under the condition of large misalignment angle,so that the nonlinear filter is adapted to suboptimally estimate the misalignment angle,and the engineering implementation can not meet the requirements of carrier aircraft inertial navigation system(CAINS)on attitude accuracy.To solve this problem,a large misalignment angle transfer alignment algorithm(LMATA)with the combination of dynamic parse alignment(DPA)and TA is presented,and the "velocity and angular velocity" TA filter model is designed.The DPA algorithm is used to complete the preliminary compensation of large misalignment angle.It solves the problem of the nonlinear TA error model could not be linearized.Based on the optimal estimation theory of Kalman filter,FIR low-pass filter is designed to complete observation information denoising filter.It achieves the optimal estimation and compensation of attitude misalignment angle,so the CAINS can quickly and accurately align in the condition of large misalignment angle.The test results show that CAINS could achieve 3′alignment accuracy of yaw and 1′alignment accuracy of level attitude in less than 50 sin large misalignment angle conditions.


ABSTRACT:The essay reflects on the author's first immersion in Senegal, as a 25-year old graduate student. This experience, for which he was in many respects unprepared, and which was at times a difficult challenge, transformed his life, led to a life-long affection for Casamance, and created personal bonds that have lasted more than 40 years.


Dr. Lipman explains how our bodies were not built to be sedentary nor run marathons, exist on no sleep, live without sun, eat processed foods, or subsist on no-fat or no-carb diets. Nor were our brains wired to handle profound amounts of mental and emotional stress. We are designed to eat natural and seasonal foods from our nearby environs, and to exercise in spurts exert, rest, recover, exert, etc. We are meant to have fresh air, sun, and water. We are built to sleep when the sun goes down, and wake when it rises. And very few of us are living this way.


Bi4-xSmxTi3-xFexO12(x = 0,0.1,0.2,0.3) ceramic samples were prepared by solid state reaction method. All the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Impedance Analyzer and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of all samples exhibit single phase of Aurivillius type structure. Dielectric studies reveals non –relaxor behaviour of all the samples. There is dispersion in the Dielectric constant, but ferroelectric transition temperature (Tc) does not show any dispersion. With increase in composition of Sm and Fe in the BIT the transition temperature of the samples increases. From the phase transitions, it is shown that all the samples have ferroelectric behaviour. Samples so prepared also show ferromagnetic behaviour. On increasing the Fe content the remnant magnetization of the samples increases, so doped BIT shows multiferroic behaviour.


It has become a universal phenomenon that many students majored in Chinese language and literature are not interested in ancient Chinese.This paper mainly discusses the ways to stimulate the students' interests,it indudes that integrating organically the Language teaching and literature teaching,giving full play to Chinese characters' functions;affecting the students with Chinese ancient culture;using a variety of teaching methods,etc.


In most of the papers published on compressible fluid using pseudo the bond graph approach, momentum and kinetic energy effects have been neglected due to low speed. However, in convergent–divergent nozzles that the flow is supersonic, these models will lose their validation. For the purpose of considering kinetic energy in compressible fluid flow, this paper introduces a new field (KE-field) to pseudo bond graph. This field can also be used to extract the momentum equation on the gaseous models. Furthermore, Karnopp's suggested relation for an isentropic nozzle is developed to a convergent–divergent nozzle. The simulation results show that the thrust force obtained from the simulations has a very good agreement to analytical relationships. Therefore, it suggests that the KE-field can be used for modelling the thrust force. As bond graph method has been implemented in many software applications such as MS1, SYMBOLS2000 and 20SIM®, the new field can also be used in these software.


We examine saturation properties of a quark-based picture of nuclear matter. Soliton matter consisting of nonlocal confining solitons is used to model nuclear matter. Each composite nucleon is described by a non-topological soliton as given by the Global Color Model. We apply techniques and concepts from the discription of crystal lattices. In particular, the Wigner-Seitz approximation is used to calculate the properties of the soliton lattice at the mean-field level. We focus on infinite nuclear matter at around standard nuclear matter density with the simplest one-parameter assumption for the gluon propagator. the saturation density and incompressibility are calculated as functions of the single parameter of the model


Feature selection has been playing an important role in analyzing the high-dimension and low-sample-size gene expression profiles towards high classification performance of diseases and deep understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms. Besides classification performance, the stability of selected features is another non-ignorable factor in evaluating a feature selector, since stable feature selection results enhance the confidence of selected features for true biomarker discovery and further biological validation. In this study, we propose a novel feature selection method under the ensemble learning framework. Specifically, we take Fast Correlation Based Filter as the base feature selector to analyze subsamples of microarray data. We then present several aggregation methods to combine multiple feature subsets. Finally, two stability measures are used to quantify the robustness of feature selectors to data variations. Our comparative empirical study on publicly available datasets demonstrates the superiority of the proposed methods over its competitors in obtaining high stability scores and classification accuracy.


Section 1 The Study of Aphasia: History of research on adult language and its disorders, (R. De Bleser) Neuroanatomy of the classical syndromes of aphasia, (N.F. Dronkers, J. Larsen) The signs of aphasia, (G. Hickok, U. Bellugi) Comparative aphasiology - cross-language studies of aphasia, (L. Menn) Bilingual and polyglot aphasia, (M. Paradis). Section 2 Understanding the Symptoms of Aphasia: Deficits of speech production and speech perception in aphasia, (S.E. Blumstein) Words fail me - symptoms and causes of naming breakdown in aphasia, (L. Nickels), Repetition disorders in aphasia - theoretical and clinical implications, (N. Martin) Effects of language impairment on sentence comprehension, (E.M. Saffran) More than just words - sentence production in aphasia, (R.S. Berndt) Discourse ability in patients with unilateral left and right hemisphere brain damage, (H. Brownell, O. Friedman) Acquired reading disorders, (M. Greenwald) Spelling disorders - cognitive theory in clinical practice, (B. Rapp, D. Gotsch). Section 3 Related Cognitive Disorders: Relations between language and memory deficits, (R.C. Martin, M.L. Freedman) Language and attention, (H.B. Coslett) Disorders of skilled movement, (L.M. Maher, L.J. Gonzalez Rothi) Disorders of body representation, (C. Semenza) Disturbances of number processing and calculation, (L. Cipolotti, N. Van Harskamp). Section 4 Alternative Methods for the Study of Language/Brain Relationships: Functional neuroimaging of language, (S.L. Small, M.W. Burton). Event-related brain potentials and aphasia, (A.D. Friederici). Direct cortical electrical interference (stimulation), (B. Gordon, D. Boatman, J. Hart, Jr., D. Miglioretti, R.P. Lesser) Hemispheric specialization for language in the split brain, (E. Zaidel).


We have studied the phase diagram of La$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$ for $0.5\leq x\leq 0.9$ using neutron powder diffraction and magnetization measurements. At 300 K all samples are paramagnetic and single phase with crystallographic symmetry $Pnma$. As the temperature is reduced a structural transition is observed which is to a charge-ordered state only for certain x. On further cooling the material passes to an antiferromagnetic ground state with Neel temperature $T_N$ that depends on x. For $0.8\leq x\leq 0.9$ the structural transformation occurs at the same temperature as the magnetic transition. Overall, the neutron diffraction patterns were explained by considering four phase boundaries for which La$_{1-x}$Ca$_x$MnO$_3$ forms a distinct phase: the CE phase at $x=0.5-0.55$, the charge-ordered phase at x=2/3, the monoclinic and C-type magnetic structure at $x=0.80-0.85$ and the G-type magnetic structure at x=1. Between these phase boundaries the magnetic reflections suggest the existence of mixed compounds containing both phases of the adjacent phase boundaries in a ratio determined by the lever rule.


The paper constructs a remote sensing model of the forest canopy rainfall interception in the upstream of Minjiang Valley based on the principle of the forest water content balance and research on the orientation observation. The enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) and various data from remote sensing, practical measurement and routine observation are fully utilized in this model. By taking one pixel of the remote sensing images as the calculating unit, the model parameters, including vegetation coverage, leaf area index (LAI), and leaf rainfall interception are calculated, and the inverse calculation of the interception rainfall quantity of the forest coronal in the Maoergai Region of Minjiang Valley is given and analyzed. The results show that the inversion model can better reflect the true condition of the forest canopy rainfall interception in the research area.


This study aims to evaluate the reliability of a Brazilian translation and adaptation of the Defining Issues Test (DIT) -2, as well as to make considerations concerning the use of this tool and of DIT -1 in studies on morality. The DIT -1 and DIT -2 were administred to 621 Brazilian youngsters, equally distributed according to the city of origin (Floriano/PI, Erechim/RS and Marilia/SP), the kind of school (public or private) and the school year attended (8th grade and 11th grade). Regarding the reliability, it was noticed that although the values achieved were close to that one obtained in the translation and adaptation of DIT -1, they revealed themselves much lower than the ones verified in the American original versions. When checking the scores achieved in the tests the existence of some tendencies within the investigated sample was observed. Some considerations regarding the validity and interpretation of these tests are made.


A catechol-type siderophore was produced extracellularly by Rhizobium sp. strain BlCC 651 isolated from Cicer arietinum during growth in iron-deficient medium. Production of the siderophore was fully repressed in the presence of te, P-Calcutta 700054, India 50 pM Fe3+. The siderophore was purified and characterized as containing 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) as the core compound and threonine as its conjugate. The siderophore was able to reverse growth inhibition of the strain induced by ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenyl-acetic acid) (EDDA). A high-affinity iron-transport system capable of transporting 59Fe-siderophore complex was also induced in Rhizobium BlCC 651 grown under iron deficiency. Two protein bands of molecular masses 76 and 82 kDa were also inductively synthesized in the outer membrane of the cells. A partially purified ferrireductase enzyme of Rhizobium BlCC 651 catalysed reductive release of iron from the ferric chelate of DHBA. The enzyme had a Km of 0 3 mM for ferri-DHBA, was constitutive in nature, and was present in the cytosolic fraction during growth under both iron-def icient and iron-suff icient conditions. The enzyme occurred as two isoenzymes with RF values of 048 and 051, respectively, in a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel.


Herstory - from Olive Schreiner to the "second wave" - first wave feminism theories, politics, documents and debates - socialist/Marxist feminism, Asian, black and women of colour lesbianism/feminism, liberal feminism, difference, psychoanalytic feminism, nature, sexuality and reproduction, peace, philosophy and the sciences, history, culture, language and writing, feminism and education.


The centralized power generation infrastructure that defines the U.S. electric grid is slowly moving to the distributed architecture due to the explosion in use of renewable generation and distributed energy resources (DERs), such as residential solar, wind turbines and battery storage. Furthermore, variable pricing policies and profusion of flexible loads entail frequent and severe changes in power outputs required from each generation unit. In view of the above challenges, a fixed-time convergent, fully distributed economic dispatch algorithm for scheduling optimal power generation among a set of DERs is proposed. The proposed algorithm addresses both load balance, as well as generation capacity constraints. The algorithm subsumes and betters the existing economic dispatch algorithms on three fronts: (a) It is shown that the distributed algorithm converges to optimal dispatch solution in a fixed-time, regardless of the initial states of every generation unit. Additionally, the time of convergence can be user-prespecified. (b) Regardless of the physical topology of the power network, the proposed framework allows for time-varying communication topology. (c) Finally, we show that our algorithm is robust to uncertain information resulting from noisy communication with neighbors. Several case studies are presented that corroborate computational and robustness aspects of the proposed distributed economic dispatch algorithm.


Since the report of high dielectric value was published for the calcium copper titanate of the stoichiometry CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO), several of its analogs such as Yittrium copper titanate Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (YCTO), Pr2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (PCTO) and several other compounds have been studied extensively. Most of these materials have demonstrated very high dielectric constants. However, the roadblock is their low resistivity. To overcome this problem, several approaches have been considered, including doping and substitution. In order to solve this problem, we have synthesized the stoichiometric composition and used low temperature processing to grow grains of La2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (LCTO) stoichiometric compound. LCTO with excess copper oxide was also prepared to determine its effect on the morphology and dielectric constant of the stoichiometric LCTO compound. In spite of the low melting point of copper oxide, we observed that excess copper oxide did not show any faster grain growth. Also, the dielectric constant of LCTO was lower than CCTO and unlike CCTO, LCTO showed significant changes as the function of frequency. The measured resistivity was slightly higher than CCTO.


Phenology and seasonal variations in water stress, as reflected in variations in stem circumference, were monitored throughout 1978 in numerous Tabebuia neochrysantha growing at several dry and wet sites in a lowland deciduous forest in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The rate of leaf fall during the early dry season was strongly correlated with the decline in soil moisture and increasing water stress of the trees. Without exception, recovery from water stress was required for flowering and shoot emergence. At dry sites rehydration ocurred only after isolated rain showers or irrigation; at wet sites it took place during continued drought, probably as a consequence of the decrease in transpiration during leaf fall. Flowering has been observed to occur at any time between the beginning (December) and end (May) of the dry season. Differences in the timing and intensity of flowering as well as in the timing of leaf fall and shoot emergence can be accounted for by site—dependent differences in the rates of desiccation and rehydration of trees in conjunction with year—to—year variation in the timing and intensity of rainfall. No evidence for the control of seasonal development by other environmental factors, such as variations in temperature of photoperiod, was obtained.


In December 1997, TOYOTA put the world's first mass-produced hybrid vehicle on the market in Japan. It realizes remarkable improvement in terms of fuel economy compared with a conventional gasoline vehicle. It does not need to be charged externally like EVs (electric vehicles). For this hybrid vehicle, we developed two new, highly efficient, compact motors (a motor and a generator). The motor and generator are designed as interior permanent magnet motors, which achieve high output power density by utilizing reluctance torque in addition to magnetic torque. Its motor control system achieves high efficiency by the optimum control of motor current. The structure of the motors has been improved to achieve mass-production and lower costs.


【An attempt was made to verify the antibacterial activities of the soluble extracts of Gardenia jasminoides(SEGJ) against mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli (MOTT); M. kansasii, M. scrofulaceum, M. simiae, M. szulgai, M.xenopi, M. avium-intracellulare complex, M. gordonae and M. flarescens. In addition, the effect of the SEGJ on the yellow pigmentation and violet pigmentation (crocin reaction) of the colonies of the MOTT grown on7H10-crocin agar plates was observed. The SEGJ gave a growth stimulatory activity against most species of mycobacteria except for M. szulgai at low concentration of the SEGJ in terms of crocin pigment OD=0.02 or less, but exerted an inhibitory activity at high concentration of OD=0.04 or more. The growth-inhibitory activity of the SEGJ was dose-dependent but the yellow pigmentation of the scotochromogens was not affected by the dose of the SEGJ that was growth-inhibitory. Crocin positive reaction was observed only with M. kansasii.】


Introduction Molecular sub-classification of breast cancer based on gene expression pattern represent clinically distinct patient groups. Two new breast cancer xenograft model systems, reflecting the basal-like (poor prognosis) and luminal A (better prognosis) subgroups, have recently been established corresponding to this classification. MR spectroscopy has demonstrated altered choline metabolism in malignant breast cancer lesions. It has also been shown that elevation of the choline metabolites phosphocholine (PC) and glycerophosphocholine (GPC) are associated with malignant transformation of breast cancer cell lines. The purpose of this work was to correlate metabolic patterns to gene expression profiles in two animal tumor models of human origin using HRMAS MRS with the ERETIC method for metabolic quantification.


The heliosphere is a unique laboratory for in situ studies of fundamental astrophysical plasma processes on a vast range of scales. Commission 49 of the International Astronomical Union is devoted to the study of the heliosphere and the plasma processes therein. Traditionally Commission 49 has worked with other IAU Commissions on solar-heliosphere relations, solar wind-planet/comet interactions, and the solar wind-interstellar medium interaction. During the last few years, we have aimed to improve communications between the members of Commission 49 and the plasma physicists in other areas of astrophysics. To that end, this Report focuses on the plasma processes in the heliosphere. The report consists of two reviews: "MHD Flows in the Heliosphere" by S. Suess, which emphasizes the large-scale processes; and "Plasma Processes in the Heliosphere" by F. Verheest, which emphasizes the small-scale processes. These reviews and the accompanying bibliographies should be valuable to plasma physicists in many different fields as a source of ideas and as a guide to the recent heliospheric plasma physics literature. Copies of the Report can be obtained by writing to me at NASA/GSFC; Code 692; Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.


Abstract Introduction This module uses team-based learning (TBL) to help medical students understand and apply basic concepts of diagnostic testing such as sensitivity, specificity, and predictive ...


This article begins a symposium in the Journal of Leadership Studies on the subject of a formal review process for academic programs in leadership studies. The authors argue that such a process would be a way for the field to achieve more legitimacy in higher education, establish itself as a discipline, and delineate parameters of its intellectual distinctiveness. In so doing, the authors present a brief history of the development of leadership studies literature, a central question to theory building and program development, and common goals pursued by academic programs in leadership studies. Finally, the authors call for the development of standards that can help leadership programs expand their curricular and cocurricular initiatives to reflect the intellectual maturity of the field.


The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for sealing a pipe. The apparatus includes a seal 423, the seal is an annular (toroidal) seal. By cutting a portion of the pipe from the pipe (PPPP) to be sealed in order to form such a seal is that the seal may be created. The seal can be mechanical processing typically have a convex edge (convex edge) (423c). The present invention also relates to a method and a method of manufacturing the seal from the pipe to be sealed for sealing the pipe using such a seal.


The normal coordinate analysis of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbozone has been carried out by using a modified Urey-Bradley Force Field. The calculated frequencies were obtained by considering the interaction between non-neighboring stretching and bending vibrations and by introducing an appropriate set of internal coordinates in the course of calculations. All the functional modes of vibrations are assigned and discussed in detail.


Research into the psychiatric issues of pediatric patients with chronic or life-threatening medical problems is becoming more methodologically sophisticated. Family studies are giving clinicians a clearer idea of the complexity of etiology, interventions and outcomes for the problems most often seen


Much of what we know and say refers to the dynamics of our world. Here we include our physical world, as well as our mental world, the world of social interactions, and other not-entirely-physical environments. We have a large class of linguistic objects verbs devoted entirely to expressing dynamics. Subtle differences in the meanings of verbs, which linguists call "manner", are also often dynamical (Talmy 1985). For instance, the difference between "nudge" and "shove" is partly a matter of mass, movement, and energy transfer from one body to another; and partly a matter of intention. In this paper we present a dynamical representation sufficiently general and expressive to capture both the meaning of individual verbs and the more abstract commonality of sets of semantically related verbs. Our purpose is to develop a complete theory of language acquisition that can be implemented on a physical platform, such as a mobile robot. The representation of the semantics of a word or set of words is constructed incrementally based on what is happening in the agent's environment when the word or a member of the set of words is heard. Dynamical representations have a number of advantages for representing and acquiring the semantics of verbs. They are grounded in the sense that one can attach sensors to a corpus of dynamical concepts and have the corpus recognize concepts from sensed movement (Rosenstein et al. 1997). Dynamical representations of physical interactions are easily learned from observations of dynamics (l~senstein et al. 1997), this is true also of dynamical representations of linguistic constructs (Regier 1995; Elman 1995). They are compact in the sense that a single representation can describe dozens of related concepts. They make explicit the manner of movement and thus make fine distinctions between word meanings. The strongest reason to consider dynamics as a foundation for semantics, we think, is that the knowledge of the youngest humans neonates and infants is produced by interacting physically with the world. Neonates are capable of movement, but nobody credits them with conceptual thought. Concepts must therefore result from neonatal and infant experience, which is primarily sensorimotor experience. Consider the interaction between the two agents shown below in Figure 1. That interaction decomposes quite naturally into three distinct phases: before, during and after contact. Prior to contact, one of the agents alters its path, apparently to intercept the other. We could call this segment of the interaction "chasing". The duration of contact is brief, yet forceful; the chaser "hits" the chasee. Once contact is broken the agents continue moving in close spatial proximity, as if one of them is now "following" the other. The semantics of a remarkably large number of verbs can be cleanly captured with this before/during/after decomposition. We want a representation that a situated agent watching or engaging in the above interaction could construct given readily observable features. Cartesian coordinates (x and y locations) are not suitable features because, intuitively, verb roots never encode actual spatial locations. Therefore, we plot interactions in the two-dimensional spaces shown below in Figure 2 and Figure 3. We call each of these spaces a map. Maps are constructed by watching interactions unfold in cartesian space and tracing the corresponding path in the map. The axes of the before and after maps, which should capture features of the motion of two agents relative to each other, are the same: the distance between the two agents, D(A, B), and the relative velocity of the two agents, VR. As shown in Figure 2, VR is calculated by considering only the component of velocity that is directed toward (or away from) the other object. During contact we plot the relative energy expended, E(A,B), and the distance from the point of contact, D(AB, PC). Figure 4 shows several trajectories through our tripartite decomposition of interactions between agents.


In his News Focus article "Stress: The invisible hand in Eastern Europe's death rates" (9 June, p. 1732), Richard Stone highlights the potentially important role that psychosocial stress plays in cardiovascular disease mortality and suggests that this factor, at least in part, explains the


Capabilities of the Carl Zeiss reflected light sensor First introduced at the 1996 Control, the reflected light microsensor - the subject of much discussion among experts - is now in production and generally available. Modern microelectronics and recent advances in scanning techniques and design technologies have made it possible to develop a photoelectric sensor for the scanning of gratings by the reflected light method which approaches the process of full integration.


Context  There is significant variation in the structure and quality of undergraduate medical education around the world. Accreditation processes can encourage institutional improvement and help promote high‐quality education experiences.


The 5 nm AuPd nanoalloy in mole ratio of Au:Pd=32:1 was prepared, using sodium citrate as the stabilizing agent and NaBH4 as the reductant. The AuPd nanoalloy was modified by the aptamer to prepare an aptamer- AuPd (AptAuPd) probe for resonance scattering (RS) detection of 5.0–1250 nmol/L Hg2+. The AptAuPd-Hg2+ aptamer reaction solution was filtrated by membrane, and the AptAuPd in the filtrate exhibited strong catalytic effect on the slow NiP particle reaction between NiCl2 and NaH2PO2, and the NiP particles showed a RS peak at 508 nm. The RS intensity decreased when Hg2+ concentration increased. The decreased RS intensity was linear to Hg2+ concentration in the range of 0.5–1250 nmol/L. The RS assays were used to determine Hg2+ in real samples, with good results.


Research Scholar 1 Professor, Community Health Nursing 2 College of Nursing, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry *Corresponding Author Sudhadevi. M Research Scholar, College of Nursing, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India Abstract Menstrual Hygiene is one of the important aspects of adolescent health which is often ignored particularly in developing countries such as India. In this regard onset of menstruation is often a period when adolescent girls don't have any knowledge about the healthy practices during menstruation. Many studies have reported that adolescent girls particularly from developing world have inadequate knowledge of maintenance of hygiene during menstruation. Many young girls don't have luxury of using sanitary pads and are forced to use cloth and then wash it and reuse it during next cycle thus making them vulnerable for genitourinary tract infection which may sometimes be serious and life threatening such as toxic shock syndrome. Proper knowledge about hygienic menstrual practices needs to be imparted to adolescent girls by mothers, nurse, nurse educator, nurse researcher and nurse administrator. We undertook this literature review with an aim to understand level of awareness about menstrual hygiene in Indian adolescent girls.


Despite the widespread use of Clustering, there is distressingly little general theory of clustering available. Questions like "What distinguishes a clustering of data from other data partitioning?", "Are there any principles governing all clustering paradigms?", "How should a user choose an appropriate clustering algorithm for a particular task?", etc. are almost completely unanswered by the existing body of clustering literature. We consider an axiomatic approach to the theory of Clustering. We adopt the framework of Kleinberg, [Kle03]. By relaxing one of Kleinberg's clustering axioms, we sidestep his impossibility result and arrive at a consistent set of axioms. We suggest to extend these axioms, aiming to provide an axiomatic taxonomy of clustering paradigms. Such a taxonomy should provide users some guidance concerning the choice of the appropriate clustering paradigm for a given task. The main result of this paper is a set of abstract properties that characterize the Single-Linkage clustering function. This characterization result provides new insight into the properties of desired data groupings that make Single-Linkage the appropriate choice. We conclude by considering a taxonomy of clustering functions based on abstract properties that each satisfies.


Tillage systems are sequences of operations (tilling, planting, fertilization, pesticide application, harvesting and residue chopping or shredding) which affect the physical and chemical properties of the soil, which in turn affect plant growth. It is essential to develop a right tillage system in crop production, in order to achieve high yields, using machines rationally and effectively. This paper has been released to emphasize the importance of tillage and the importance of choosing the tillage system, in order to achieve qualitative and quantitative superior yields, protecting in the same time the environment. In Almos Alfons Mosel Handels Group, during 2015-2017, sugar beet crop was cultivated in two tillage systems: conventional system and conservative system. The varieties used in this two tillage systems are Magistral and Damian. Efficiency is presented only for these common varieties, to highlight the differences between two variants of tillage systems. In addition to the evolution of soil properties and the efficiency of the tillage system on the biotic factor, we followed the evolution of economic indicators that establish economic efficiency. Economic efficiency is an instrument for evaluating activity, which helps us make the best decisions. The calculation of economic efficiency, at Almos Alfons Mosel Handels Gmbh, represent an important activity because it shows the connection between the resources used and the results achieved. The indicators analysed ware: average production, total expenses, sales revenue, agricultural subsidy, turnover, gross profit, net profit, profit rate. These indicators have been calculated on the basis of the technological data, specific to each tillage system and each year in the study. The turnover, gross profit and net profit have set higher values under no-tillage system, represented by sowing directly in the crop debris of the pre-crop (mustard). Thus, we can conclude that this no-tillage system has a rate of profit that is higher than that obtained under the conventional tillage system.


A carbon dioxide capture system capable of reducing an amine emitting amount into air is provided. The carbon dioxide capture system (1) according to an embodiment includes an absorber (20), a regeneration column (30), and a heater (52). The absorber (20) includes a first cleaning unit (21) and a second cleaning unit (22), wherein the first cleaning unit (21) uses first cleaning liquid (11) to clean combustion exhaust gas (3) discharged from a carbon dioxide capturer (20a) and captures amine flowing together with the combustion exhaust gas (3), the second cleaning unit (22) uses second cleaning liquid (12) to clean the combustion exhaust gas (3) discharged from the first cleaning unit (21) and captures amine flowing together with the combustion exhaust gas (3). The heater (52) heats the first cleaning liquid (11) to a temperature higher than the temperature of an upper portion of the carbon dioxide capturer (20a) and higher than the temperature of the second cleaning liquid (12).


The main problem involved in utilization of solar energy is low efficiency of photovoltaic conversion and high cost. The objectives of the paper are to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic cells and to reduce the cost of the photovoltaic module. A novel method is presented in this paper to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic modules and reduce the cost by the use of specially designed solar concentrators .The efficiency of photovoltaic module is increased by covering an angle of nearly 180° so that the sun's radiation converges throughout the day from all angles on to a fixed flat plate module. The cost is reduced by use of cheaper glass for module and covering a wider area for the radiation. The above objectives are achieved by the use of a special arrangement of three lenses for the concentrators. A dynamic rapid method for tracking the maximum power angle of solar cell arrays known as Bacteria Foraging Optimization (BFO) algorithm has been used. Experimental analysis is presented for the comparison of different positions of the sun for maximum power alignment.


Abstract The instrumental concerto remains one of the most appreciated genres – both by the general public and by virtuoso interpreters – all throughout its existence, including the 20th century. The century of acute modernity saw a re-evaluation of all the musical forms and genres, resulting in novel challenges, solved in unexpected ways by the great composers of the time. This paper aims to provide a summary of the evolution of the concerto in the music of the 20th century, highlighting certain elements of originality, extravagant compositions which go beyond the principles of musical creation.


Socialist thinking is linked to democratic thought in so far as socialist theories originated in the attempt to take liberalism at its word: not to reserve its promise of freedom and self-determination to the bourgeoisie but to extend it to 'the people'. At the same time, German socialist thinking has always been marked by its scepticism towards democracy and its distrust of just those 'people'. The article undertakes to trace back this distrust to prominent traditions of German political philosophy: the Kantian tradition of the 'rule of reason', Hegelian ideas about the 'realm of reason' and the 'ethical form of life' and the Marxist notion of 'false consciousness'. In a second step it analyses the writings of a group of academics known as the 'neo-Marxists' in the 1970s who proved to be influential, especially in the social sciences in Germany. The focus is, first, on their view of the individual, its lack of 'autonomy' and its 'wrong preferences' and second, on the futility of democracy and the 'illusion of the social state'. It concludes with a brief criticism of the turn to deliberative democratic theory recently taken by some of the authors, supporting a theory which seems bent more on reforming the individual than on reforming the circumstances which he or she has to endure.


After the global financial crisis, government banks in Brazil boosted credit provision to households, generating a sharp increase in household debt which was followed by the most severe recession in recent Brazilian history in 2015-2016. Using a novel individual-level data set including matched credit registry and employer-employee information, we show that individuals with higher debt-to-income growth during the boom experienced lower subsequent credit card expenditure during the recession. To identify the credit-supply effect, we exploit individuals borrowing from both government-controlled and private banks. We show that, during the late stages of the boom period, government banks increased their lending more than private banks to the same individual. To study the effect of this credit supply shock on individual consumption, we exploit variation in the sector of employment of each borrower. Individuals employed by the public sector were disproportionately targeted by payroll loans offered by government banks and experienced larger decline in credit card spending during the subsequent recession.


The cone and plate viscosimeter was found applicable to studying the effect of experimental variables on the behaviour of flour doughs. A simple method of analysis based on the use of a power law is proposed. The variables studied were: type of flour, water content, mixing time, temperature and the presence of certain chemical compounds. Based on the results obtained, hypotheses were advanced on the importance of non-covalent bonds in influencing the rheological properties of doughs.


From time to time we hear the encouraging news that the coming of a new breed of doctor is about to transform the medical scene. One of the earlier new breeds was the scientific doctor, who understood chemistry and analysis of covariance, and no longer countenanced the empirical prescribing of drugs of unproved value (even if the patients swore by them). A second coming, in the seventies, was that of the concerned doctor, often with long hair or a pony tail, often in sandals or sometimes without shoes, all set to reform society and shower unlimited health care upon underserved deserving consumers. Now comes yet another new breed, this time with a master's degree in business …


Based on panel data of China's 31 provinces during the period of 1995-2006, this paper uses Entropy index and Concentration ratio to calculate high-tech industry cluster degree exactly. From the results we can find that High-tech industry cluster degree in China is continually high. Meanwhile, regional industry specialization is greatly strengthened. There is a high correlation between high-tech industry cluster and economy development. However, it is scalar development of high-tech industry cluster that aggravate the unbalance development of region economy. The diverse distribution of high-tech industry cluster is good for each region to exert their comparative advantage. So we should allocate industry resources well, found rational industry division collaboration system, and form regional cooperation mechanism of advantage complementary.


We present a set of four complementary measurements of the synchrotron visible light to characterise the stored electronbeamat Diamondin thetime domain. Theelectron bunch profiles and its evolution are measured with picosecond accuracy using a dual sweep streak camera. The beam dynamics are also given by a fast photodiode connected to a fast oscilloscope. The fill pattern is measured using a time correlated single photon counting system which has a high dynamic range for bunch purity measurement, and a fast averaging card which gives the fill structure with high accuracy within a short integration time. We describe our set of instruments, discuss their performanceand show first results from measurements at Diamond.


We build a model of emerging markets crises which features two types of collateral constraints. Firms in a domestic economy have limited borrowing capacity from international investors. They also have limited borrowing capacity with respect to each other. We study how the presence and changes in these collateral constraints affect financial and real variables. A binding international constraint in the aggregate leads to a sharp rise in interest rates and fire sales of domestic assets, while limited domestic collateral can lead to wasted international collateral. These two collateral constraints can interact in important ways. The first is disintermediation: a fire sale of domestic assets causes banks to fail in their function of reallocating resources across the economy leading to wasted international collateral. The second is a dynamic effect. We show that


In this paper, we propose a Social-based Mobile Sybil Detection (SMSD) scheme to detect Sybil attackers from their abnormal contacts and pseudonym changing behaviors. Specifically, we first define four levels of Sybil attackers in mobile environments according to their attacking capabilities. We then exploit mobile users' contacts and their pseudonym changing behaviors to distinguish Sybil attackers from normal users. To alleviate the storage and computation burden of mobile users, the cloud server is introduced to store mobile user's contact information and to perform the Sybil detection. Furthermore, we utilize a ring structure associated with mobile user's contact signatures to resist the contact forgery by mobile users and cloud servers. In addition, investigating mobile user's contact distribution and social proximity, we propose a semi-supervised learning with Hidden Markov Model to detect the colluded mobile users. Security analysis demonstrates that the SMSD can resist the Sybil attackers from the defined four levels, and the extensive trace-driven simulation shows that the SMSD can detect these Sybil attackers with high accuracy.


The change of land cover is one of the important contents for research on global change while establishing a standard land cover classification system is an important precondition for the research on changes of land cover.It can influence the expression of classification result and determine the application areas of classification data.This paper builds a land cover classification system based on FAO LCCS for China land cover mapping with MODIS data.There are 21 land cover categories in the final system which are reference for researches on land cover in China.The results showed that LCCS is a flexible classification system for different intentions and data.


public involvement in research is defined by niHr as 'an active partnership between members of the public and researchers in the research process'. We view public engagement as a social practice of dialogue and learning between researchers and the public; 1 at its heart is the core value of social justice, shaped by wider societal developments towards realising citizen empowerment. We the term pie preference the more commonly used patient and public involvement, given that our study involves citizens/people with experience of uC and staff supporting them. Deciding who our relevant 'publics' are, and how we meaningfully involve them in the research is evolving over time. and


The application of various parenting affects the cognitive development of different students in one class, this can be seen from the learning outcomes of children at school. Based on this, the researchers analyzed the relationship between parenting and students' cognitive development. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting applied by parents and the cognitive development of fifth graders. This type of research was qualitative. There are three stages of data analysis, namely (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) drawing conclusions. The research was conducted at Karangtempel State Elementary School, Semarang. The results of the parenting questionnaire showed that nine parents tended to apply authoritarian parenting and seven parents tended to apply authoritative parenting. The results showed that the cognitive development of students with the application of authoritarian parenting tended to increase and decrease unstable, and the cognitive development of students with the application of authoritative parenting experienced continuous improvement. It was concluded that there was a relationship between parenting and students' cognitive development.


A smart grid that aims to reduce electrical losses, to favor renewable energies, and to maintain an electric supply of high quality, requires to forecast the location and the quantity of electrical power that will be consumed and produced several days ahead. Thus, short-term load forecasting has to be provided at the distribution level. Most of loads forecasting algorithms are based on bottom-up approach, consisting in years' worth of endusers consumption data, related together by an interpolation function. This paper presents a new top-down algorithm, based on a Similar Day Type method, and allows to compute an accurate short term distribution loads forecast using only SCADA Data from transmission grid substations. This algorithm is evaluated on the RBTS test system with real power consumption data to demonstrate its accuracy. This fast, robust and automatic method does not require years' worth of data nor any consumption data at the end-users level, but only power flow data from primary substations, which makes it implementable rapidly, at a lower cost, and on every grid.


The ocean not only consists of water but is also an abundant source of diverse biomaterials for mankind. Marine biomaterials are a new emerging area of research with significant applications. Recently, researchers have paid a considerable attention to marine-derived biomaterials for various applications. Due to vast diversity and biocompatibility marine-derived bioceramics, polysaccharides, enzymes, peptides, lipids, CONTENTS


The distribution of eggs of Megacopta cribraria was observed and the control of this pest by egg parasitoids in an organic soybean field were investigated in Jiangsu in 2002. Female Megacopta cribraria began to oviposit in early May, with the peak of oviposition occurring from mid-May to early June. 80.4% of eggs were laid during the peak period of oviposition. Two egg parasitoids, Ooencyrtus sp. and Trissolcus sp. were detected in the organic soybean field.Ooencyrtus sp. was the dominat especies. These egg parasitoids played a very important role in reducting the Megacopta cribraria population in the soybean field. Parasitoid populations were positively related to the number of the Megacopta cribraria. The parasitization rate of eggs of the rist generation attained 61.36%. Parasitoid emergence occurred over a week during the early grouting period of the soybean with 81.33% of parasitoids emerging during this period.


Life-time represents the effective survival time of network, which is significant when measuring the performance of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Therefore, it is so important to extend network life-time by planning appropriate path based on energy consumption and remaining energy of wireless sensors. In this paper, a path planning method of WSNs based on service priority is proposed, and a customized Dijkstra algorithm is used to solve this problem. This method minimizes the total energy consumption of network while balancing remaining energy of all nodes in network, and through the sacrifice of network delay in exchange for extension of life-time. The simulation results show that our method not only prolongs network life-time compared to shortest-path algorithm but also improves network reliability.


Report presenting lift, drag, and pitching-moment coefficients for two wing-body combinations as determined from tests at Mach number 5.0 and angles of attack up to 9 degrees. The test models consisted of small thin wings mounted on a body composed of a fineness-ratio-3 ogival nose and a fineness-ratio-2 cylindrical afterbody.


Feeding broilers represents one of the most significant costs of the total cost of operation. For this reason, in recent years the poultry industry has focused on the investigation of the production parameters of the offspring, since a reduction of these costs is very representative. The experiment was performed at the Pan-American Agricultural School research and training center. Therefore, a total of 3,024 chickens in 54 experimental units of 1.25 × 3.75 m. The temperature was controlled with gas and fans farms, consumption of food and water was ad libitum. We used a factorial arrangement of 3 × 1 with three lines, (1008 line mixed chickens Cobb 500FF × not sexable ® MX not; 1008 line mixed chickens Cobb500FF × sexable ® CX25 and 1008 not mixed line chickens Arbor Acres Plus ® ) and a breeding period of 35 days, giving a total of 3 treatments in 54 experimental units in a design of randomized complete block (BCA) with 18 repetitions. The production parameters were measured: body weight, food consumption, feed


There are numerous factors affecting foreign language learning, involving both extrinsic (environment and context) and intrinsic (learner-specific) features. Learner characteristics in applied linguistics have traditionally been investigated within the context of individual differences. Even though people differ from each other in respect of a vast number of traits, four factors have received special attention in second language (L2) research: motivation, language aptitude, learning styles, and learning strategies. Broadly speaking, motivation was seen to concern the affective characteristics of the learner, referring to the direction and magnitude of learning behaviour in terms of the learner's choice, intensity, and duration of learning. Language aptitude determines the cognitive dimension, referring to the capacity and quality of learning. Cognitive potential, i.e. maturity of an individual is described in literature as a significant factor of foreign language learning. It is considered that higher level of cognitive development could be a precondition for easier and more efficient foreign language learning. Learning styles refer to the manner of learning, and learning strategies are somewhere in between motivation and learning styles by referring to the learner's proactiveness in selecting specific made-to-measure learning routes. Furthermore, the four factors seem to significantly interact with learning setting and general context. In other words, most researchers dealing with individual differences would now agree that the role of learner characteristics can only be evaluated with regard to their interaction with specific environmental and temporal factors or conditions. Having in mind the complexity of foreign language learning context, the paper considers learner – specific features, outlining dynamic systems approach and paying special attention to the interplay among language, agent (learner specific features), and environment in the language acquisition process.


: Objective: With remarkable effect on health, bipolar disorder (BD) has become a critical concern in medical. This disease has been categorized as recurring and chronic. Due to its cognitive damages, functional impairments and increasing morality it been a leading disability in teenagers. The factor behind higher morality comprises its vastness to non-psychiatric and psychiatric medical possessions. Patients and Methods: On time and precise diagnosing is not possible in medicinal treatments. The diagnosis of BD includes generic indications, bleak occurrence and temper obligation. Therefore, detecting hypomanic indications and long term quantifiable assessments are decisive to distinguish BD from other situations. Early and optimal treatments based on pure evidences to a patient can be the best strategy adopted to cure it. The assessment-based modeling of noted indications was done to discover symptoms of bipolar disorder. This helped to contest the vast range of indications previously noted. The most commonly used agents were investigated to check their curative effeteness on patients. Results: The present study analyzed several indications of data that included medicinal record and symptoms. Conclusion: The clinical record helped to understand the disease nature and its levels in different patients. The effective medication and digital analysis can help to determine disease level in patients.


To understand the present situations and predict the future, it is essential to look at the past. Since social situations and people's sense of values are constantly changing, most facts are not true eternally. In order to overview a transition of interpretations about events and things, it is necessary to read texts in a chronological order and organize information along the time axis as a storyline. However, there is a large amount of text on the Web, and since it is no longer impossible to read all the related text manually, a new tool is required. Natural language processing (NLP) is a technology to analyze text using computers and is used in various applications such as information retrieval, opinion analysis, summarization, question answering, and machine translation. A text includes event information in the past, present, and future, so there have been many studies analyzing temporal information in a document. However, they mainly focus on relative local relations between events and between event and time, and there are few studies anchoring events to the time axis with the consideration of global information. In this thesis, we present (i) temporal expressions analysis, (ii) temporal corpus construction, and (iii) temporal information analysis and timeline generation, toward storyline generation. First, we propose a model which recognizes and normalizes temporal expressions in text. Temporal expressions are fundamental for textual temporal analysis and many models have been proposed. However, analyzing loose structures of temporal expressions is a remained problem. To overcome this problem, we propose a neural network model that recognizes and normalizes loose structured temporal expressions via multi-task learning. Then, we propose a new annotation scheme for anchoring expressions in text to the time axis comprehensively. The points of our annotation scheme are two-fold: annotat-


Abstract The WASP consortium operates two wide-field camera arrays in the northern (La Palma) and southern (Sutherland) hemispheres. Each installation comprises a robotic mount bearing 8 cameras, forming a mosaic with a field of view of 30 degrees in declination by 1 hour in right ascension. Here we describe the system performance, observing strategy, candidate selection procedures and follow-up campaigns, and the yield and physical characteristics of the 16 planets discovered in the course of the survey to date.


This work first constructed the fusion protein NCRII‐18 by fusing the restriction endonuclease Ecl18kI gene and part of the gene coding for the N‐terminal domain of the endonuclease EcoRII. The fusion of the EcoRII N‐terminal domain leads to a change in the properties of the recombinant protein. Unlike Ecl18kI, which made the basis of NCRII‐18, the fusion protein predominantly recognizes the CCWGG sites, having lost the capability of interacting with the CCSGG sites. Experimental data support the hypothesis of a close evolutionary relationship between type IIE and IIP restriction endonucleases via a recombination between domains with active site structure and elements for recognition with domains responsible for recognition of DNA sequences.


We have performed X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements on polycrystalline LaMn2–xNixSi2 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) silicides for magnetic characterization in fields of about a few Oe at a temperature range 15–325 K. All compounds crystallize in the naturally layered ThCr2Si2‐type structure with the space group I4/mmm. Substitution of Ni for Mn leads to a linear decrease in the lattice constant c and the unit cell volume, while it gives rise to a change of magnetic properties from ferromagnetic to anti‐ferromagnetic behavior for small values of x < 1. The sample with x = 0.8 has a Néel temperature of about 35 K, associated with anti‐ferromagnetic behavior. However, for x = 1, anti‐ferromagnetic behavior is diminished and paramagnetic behavior becomes dominant. For x = 2, the sample becomes virtually non‐magnetic. The samples with x ≤ 0.5 exhibit mixed magnetic properties composed of ferromagnetic and anti‐ferromagnetic interactions, below the Curie temperature TC(Mn). The results are collected in the magnetic phase diagram. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Abstract A highly unusual solid‐state epitaxy‐induced phase transformation of Na4SnS4 ⋅ 14H2O (I) into Na4Sn2S6 ⋅ 5H2O (II) occurs at room temperature. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations indicate an internal acid‐base reaction to form [SnS3SH]3− which condensates to [Sn2S6]4−. The reaction involves a complex sequence of O−H bond cleavage, S2− protonation, Sn−S bond formation and diffusion of various species while preserving the crystal morphology. In situ Raman and IR spectroscopy evidence the formation of [Sn2S6]4−. DFT calculations allowed assignment of all bands appearing during the transformation. X‐ray diffraction and in situ 1H NMR demonstrate a transformation within several days and yield a reaction turnover of ≈0.38 %/h. AIMD and experimental ionic conductivity data closely follow a Vogel‐Fulcher‐Tammann type T dependence with D(Na)=6×10−14 m2 s−1 at T=300 K with values increasing by three orders of magnitude from −20 to +25 °C.


The unisexual Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) is a clonal, all‐female fish but depends on sperm of heterospecific males to trigger embryogenesis. Thus, one very important factor shaping its geographical range is the presence of suitable host males. Several species of the genus Poecilia from Central America, Mexico and the USA can provide sperm in the laboratory, but are not utilized as hosts in nature. Consequently the potential geographic range of the Amazon molly is much larger than the actual range. This raises the question of what is responsible for the biogeographical range of the Amazon molly?


The Er,Cr:YSGG laser can create a microtetentive surface in
enamel which is fully comparable to that created with the bacid
etching technique and bettter in comparison to created with the
self etsching adhesive system.


Summary In the mid 1800s Trousseau observed cancer-associated thrombosis, of which the underlying pathogenesis still remains unknown. We performed a prospective study on platelet-derived microparticles (PMP) and their procoagulant potential in breast cancer patients. Fifty-eight breast cancer patients and 13 women with benign breast tumors were included in the study. Microparticles (MP) were examined by electron microscopy and FACS analysis using labels for annexinV (total numbers), CD61 (PMP), CD62P and CD63 (activated platelets), CD62E (endothelial cells), CD45 (leukocytes) as well as CD142 (tissue factor). Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) and thrombin generation were measured as blood coagulation markers. Numbers of annexin V+-MP were highest in breast cancer patients with larger tumor size (T2; median = 5,637×106/l; range = 2,852–8,613) and patients with distant metastases (M1; median = 6,102×106/l; range = 3,350–7,445), and differed significantly from patients with insitu tumor (Tis; median = 3,220×106/l; range = 2,277–4,124; p = 0.019), small tumor size (T1; median = 3,281×106/l; range 2,356–4,861; p = 0.043) and women with benign breast tumor (median = 4,108×106/l; range = 2,530–4,874; p = 0.040). A total of 82.3% of MP were from platelets,14.6 % from endothelial cells and 0.3% from leukocytes. Less than 10% of PMP showed degranulation markers. Larger tumor size (T2) and metastases correlated with high counts of PMP and with highest F1+2 levels. Since prothrombin levels and thrombin generation did not parallel MP levels, we speculate that MP act in the microenvironment of tumor tissue and may thus not be an exclusive parameter reflecting in-vivo procoagulant activity.


The last years of twentieth and the first years of twenty-first century brought considerable progress in medicine, technology methods being applied in many of its branches, particularly in regard to prenatal diagnosis. However, the field of human reproduction has experienced extraordinary advances that have led logically to the introduction of legal instruments which have authorized some human reproductive control methods, which resulted in the emergence of new hypotheses concerning civil liability.


: The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is the fulcrum of global development grafted with China's dynamics, and a growth pole driving the deepening reform of Chinese society. The integrated development of culture and tourism is of great significance to the implementation and construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The integration of culture and tourism has put forward new requirements for both cultural industry and tourism industry. Red tourism is rich in patriotic education content and has the function of improving the ideological and political quality of college students. Red tourism coincides with the requirements of ideological and political education, and at the same time closely fits the development needs of cultural and tourism integration in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Taking Zhuhai in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example, this paper makes full use of Zhuhai's tourism industry and tourism resources, deeply explores red tourism resources and combines them with civic education, so as to provide paths to support the development of red tourism projects in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the cultivation of civic education talents in colleges and universities.


In, this paper, compact antenna have been designed and implemented in a SISO system and multiple antenna systems including 1X2 SIMO, 2X1 MISO and 2X2 MIMO systems respectively. The antennas are compact double-sided printed microstrip patch antennas and fed by a microstrip line designed for a frequency of 2.4 GHz used for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band applications. The antennas are designed on CST Microwave studio simulation software with return loss less than -10dB, the MIMO system is designed using polarization diversity of the individual antennas which yields better result in terms of return loss (S11 and S22) and mutual coupling (S12 and S21).Furthermore, a capacity analysis of the above systems is done on MATLAB software. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems offer highest capacity to wireless systems compared to the others. The system is designed for an operation frequency of 2.4 GHz with MIMO system that offers an increased data rate.


ABSTRACT Accreditation is gaining ground in human services as leaders find ways to demonstrate the quality and legitimacy of services. This study examined site-level accreditation for SafeCare®, an evidence-based practice designed to prevent and reduce child maltreatment. We leveraged two waves of qualitative data to explore the perspectives of trainers, organizational and system leaders, and program developers who participated in an initial rollout of a site-level accreditation process for SafeCare. Institutional theory was used to frame accreditation's potential benefits, burden, and impact. Findings highlight specific considerations for the human service environment, including the inherent resource scarcity, interdependence among organizations, and the impact of cost and slow-moving bureaucratic processes. PRACTICE POINTS Current institutional pressures – such as large funding streams coming out of federal initiatives that rely on program developers to report which sites are accredited when financing evidence-based programs – may force human service organization (HSO) leaders to consider participation in site-level accreditation specific to a particular evidence-based practice (EBP) or model. Although accreditation may not meaningfully change day-to-day service delivery of an EBP, HSO leaders may gain other benefits, including cross-site communication and the ability to demonstrate legitimacy and competence within their organizational field. Accreditation cost is an essential and unavoidable consideration for program developers and purveyors who plan to use accreditation to support EBP sustainment and scale-up in HSOs.


Mycosis fungoides is a malignant lymphoma of the skin that causes intense erythema, plaques, edema, and induration. The primary computed tomographic findings of mycosis fungoides, i.e., skin thickening, tumorous infiltration, edema of the soft tissues, and lymphadenopathy, are presented in two patients.


The synergistic activity of organosilicone to chlorpyrifos for Chilo suppressalis(Walker) in laboratory were studied by spraying method.The results showed that there were synergistic activity while the additional amount of organosilicone were 0.025-0.1%,and possibly antagonistic action while the additional amount of organosilicone were higher than 0.1%.


This paper outlines the parameters used to compare conventional car ferries with the advanced fast ferries. Service speed, operational and cost analysis, the determining factors in an evaluation and assessment are discussed.


As we know, the Latrobe Valley has a vast coal resource that has served the Victorian community well over the past 90 years with a low cost energy source that has powered the homes and economy of the State. However as we transition to a carbon constrained future this resource is under threat. From a planning perspective the question is what technology do we have to use this resource in a sustainable manner so that we continue to reap its benefits?


Abstract. People are interested in quadcopters (or quadrotors) because of flight maneuverability and a variety of applications. Standard quadrotor has constant mechanical structure – frame with four motors and four rotors (propellers), and usually, rotors do not change the angle of the rotation axis relative to the frame. However, there are several designs in which the axis of rotation of rotors changes the angle relative to the frame (for example, "Holocopter" and "Tilt-rotor"), and this option changes the thrust vector of the quadcopter. In this work a novel design of thrust vector control based on the Scotch yoke is proposed. All rotor axes incline simultaneously in any direction by only two servos. Construction design is proposed, and general dynamics are described.


Racism is the main issue of a process of miseducation and dehumanization in today's society. This is transferred to a media system that keeps on building a dis-torted vision of the relationship between cultures, strengthening the invisibility of immigrants. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the art as educational tools in the at-tempt to contrast the cultural forces of dehumanization, replacing them with hu-manization options.
Culture and education are about what it means to be human and here, museums have a significant part to play, expecially now. Infact, the educational role of museums is changing: museums are democratic educational institutions that contribute to culture, an inclusive culture that dialogue with everyone, being an active resource in society.


The aim of this research is to analyze the factors which influential the establishment of Risk Management Committee (RMC). There are two types of RMC, the one that combined with the audit committee and seperated from the audit committee. The factors that used in this research are board of director characteristic and firm characteristic that consist of proportion of independent commissioner, board size, board meeting, commissioner with accounting/finance expertise, and leverage, also firm size as control variabel. Sample of this research were 204 samples from non financial companies  listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the observation period of 2008 until 2011. Collecting data in this research used a purposive sampling method. This research used logistic regression to analyze data. The results of this research indicated that firm size affected positively and significant with the establishment of RMC that combined with audit committee and separated RMC. The other variables   (proportion independent commisioner, board size, board meeting, commisioner with accounting/financial expertise, leverage) have no significant association with the establishment of RMC that combined with audit committee and separated RMC.


This article first carried on the brief analysis to my factory S141 wells areas before data gathering way, pointed out existence insufficiency, and passes on broadcasting station to MDS2710A number carries on introduction. Proposed the use wireless data transmission system solved the S141 wells areas gas gathering station stands with the gas well head production data long-distance transmission question, realized gas gathering station stands to the S141 wells areas with the gas well head production data long-distance real-time monitoring. And the union practical experience, carried on the detailed introduction to this system implementation process and the function. Simultaneously points out system question which needs to pay attention in the installment process, and carried on the economic efficiency appraisal.


Across 366 California hospitals, we identified hospital-level characteristics predicting increased hospital-associated Clostridium difficile infection (HA-CDI) rates including more licensed beds, teaching and long-term acute care (LTAC) hospitals, and polymerase chain reaction testing. Adjustment for these characteristics impacted rankings in 24% of teaching hospitals, 13% of community hospitals, and 11% of LTAC hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–3


chuck of the type comprising a body (2) fixed on the motor shaft of the machine, in which are mounted several jaws (6) sliding in bores and converging towards the front, and a jacket (9) surrounding the body and pivotably mounted around the latter, these jaws having an outer threaded portion engaged with a nut (8) surrounding the jaws and integral with the sleeve (9) surrounding the body, a series of balls (10) being interposed between the face of the nut facing towards the rear and the body of the mandrel. According to the invention the balls (10) bear against a collar (17) made of a hard material, itself supported against a collar (13) of synthetic material with damping characteristics and locked against the body.


One of the most vociferous of Debussy's early defenders, Jean Marnold, the critic for the Mercure de France, bolstered his account of Debussy's music with appeals to the acoustic discoveries of Hermann von Helmholtz. Debussy's unconventional uses of seventh and ninth chords, Marnold claimed, represented the "artistic confirmation" of Helmholtz's theories. Widely influential in early Debussy criticism, Marnold became a conduit through which recent developments in German acoustics and music theory were disseminated into Parisian musical culture. The technical nature of his arguments also instigated controversies within Debussy criticism, most notably with the homme de lettres Camille Mauclair. Marnold's responses to these controversies demonstrate a sustained, and distinctively debussyste, engagement with a problem that had wide salience in musical discourse around the turn of the twentieth century: how to conceptualize the nebulous space between physiology and culture in which musical listening happens.


4. The poem's borrowings from Laforgue and Philippe point to a French environment, and Eliot might also be describing prostitutes in Paris. 5. A brief description of the Verdenals' family tree is included in the Appendix. 6. In our interview, M. Verdenal added that this ancestor is sometimes present in works of art concerning the famous event. 7. Mme Berger-Verdenal is an author in her own right, having published L'œuvre du Club Alpin Français dans les Pyrénées. De la création scientifique d'un paysage à sa protection. 1874–1914 (1995) and edited Henry Russell's Pyrenaica (1997).