Warren and Stead's (1) contention that disturbed renal function secondary to a diminished cardiac output is responsible for the following series of events-salt and water retention, increased blood and extracellular fluid volume, rise in venous pressure, edema-seemed to offer a rational explanation for some of the clinically observed phenomena. We therefore initiated a series of studies on patients with chronic congestive heart failure, using the clearance techniques of Smith and associates (2), in order to evaluate the relationship between the decreased sodium excretion in heart failure (3, 4) and renal blood flow, to determine the nature of the disturbance in renal function and the relationship, if any, between the altered renal dynamics and sodium retention. We later attempted to define some of the variables involved in the tubular transfer system for sodium as it obtains in the normal and in the cardiac patient. Since our studies began, Merrill (5) reported that the renal plasma flow was reduced to as little as 20 per cent and the filtration rate to 33 per cent of normal in chronic congestive failure. We have been able to confirm his findings of a decreased sodium excretion rate due to a diminished load presented to the tubules for reabsorption, and not to enhanced tubular reabsorption as suggested by earlier workers (3).


The aims of this study is to find out the Implementation of the Gayo Lues Regent's Regulation Policy Number 12 of 2016 concerning the Management of Property of Gayo Lues Regency. This study used a qualitative approach. The result show that The implementation of the Gayo Lues Regent's Regulation Number 12 of 2016 concerning the Management of Gayo Lues Regency Property (Four Wheel Service Vehicle Auction Study) has been carried out well but has not run perfectly. This can be seen from the results of the analysis of George Edward III's Theory as follows: Communication. The auction of four-wheeled official vehicles carried out by the Financial Management Agency of Gayo Lues Regency has been carried out through auction announcements through print and electronic mass media as well as providing direct information for the people who come and for goods to be auctioned which are still controlled by the head of the SKPK, a correspondence has been made written by Mr. Sekda as district property manager.


Design of experiments (DOE) is a key tool in the Six Sigma method, but many who apply Six Sigma have little training in statistics, which makes application of DOE difficult. Now, however, modern software packages allow every user to design and analyze ..


Proscia Inc., a digital technology company specializing in the development of artificial intelligence applications and software for digital pathology, recently secured $8.3 million in an initial round of financing.


Abstract Nickel(II) catalysed isomerisation reactions of C-5 modified derivatives of D-glucose as well as L-idose were investigated. 5-Azido-5-deoxy-D-glucofuranose was successfully isomerised into the corresponding D-manno epimer in good yields. Contrasting this result, in the case of the 5-modified L-idofuranose probed, no evidence for successful epimerisation at C-2 could be found. However, this sugar was quantitatively rearranged into the corresponding L-sorbopyranose. Upon extended reaction periods, the latter underwent degradation to give the coresponding 4-modified methyl L-xylonate.


The paper presents a procedure for the calculation of an absorption-refrigeration plant that uses an LiBr/ZnBr2/CH3OH solution and is driven throughout the year by heat received from a solar pond. The calculations for the solar pond are based on a finite-difference solution of the transient heat conduction differential equation during the year, and the operation of the refrigeration unit is simulated by the use of functions describing the thermodynamic behaviour of the working medium. On the basis of the procedure devised, correlations and nomographs are developed that describe the seasonally optimum operation of the proposed composite system. The nomographs may be employed for a first estimation in the design of such systems.


GETAWAY, a base escape nuclear survivability model specifically designed for parametric studies, is presented. GETAWAY computes the probability of survival for an alert force escaping from a single base under SLBM attack. Parametric studies of 20 escape, threat, and hardness parameters are possible. Nuclear blast, thermal, and prompt radiation intensities are computed and aircraft survivability is derived from cumulative log-normal damage functions of weapon effect intensity. GETAWAY is shown to be an effective alternative to current predictive models for conducting parametric analysis. Its advantages over current base escape survivability models are speed, cost effectiveness, and interactive capabilities while providing parametric results highly comparable to alternative models. GETAWAY's methodology could also be applied to ICBM, naval, or ground force nuclear survivability analyses. A User's Guide, Example Session, and Program Listing are provided as appendices.


This paper summarizes the crystal structures and surface properties of diaspore and kaolinite, calculatesthe total potential energy among kaolinite particles in aqueous solution, and discusses the dispersion andaggregation of kaolinite particles. It may guide the gradation of bauxite. Kaolinite is a typical aluminumsilicate of 1:1 layer structure. The solution and charging properties affect the dispersion and aggregation ofkaolinite particles. The essential prerequisite of effective separation of diaspore and kaolinite is efficaciousdispersion by adjusting their surface properties.


The article considers the possibility of application of the modulus-competent approach to the passing of the educational-methodical course «The Olympic education: theory and technique» by the students studying at the physical culture higher educational institutions.


Here we discuss the most famous unsolved problem in mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis. We construct the zeta function and its analytic continuation. We note symmetries of zeta and prove that all nontrivial zeros lie in the critical strip, the strip in the complex plane with real part between zero and one inclusive. Finally, we make the connection from the nontrivial zeros to the primes and state some properties of these zeros.


Three years of continuous thermal data from three concrete box girder bridges and one concrete box girder pier are compiled into a single study. The data are used to draw conclusions about trends in thermal gradient magnitudes and shapes. The maximum gradients from the data are compared to AASHTO recommended design gradients. Statistically appropriate design gradient magnitudes are then selected from the data. Conclusions concerning the effects on thermal gradient magnitudes from cross-section shape, asphalt topping, and motor traffic are presented.


This paper provides a detailed review of the major vegetation classification and mapping systems used by the management agencies with primary responsibilities for forested land in Australia. It focuses on the clarification of vegetation units and methodologies used. The paper also provides a comparison of the different nomenclatures against a simplified standard to show how the different systems relate to each other. In Australia, different systems for classifying and describing forest vegetation have been developed by various forest land management agencies to suit their own situations. Most vegetation classification systems reviewed are similar in using floristics and structure as the two primary elements in classifying vegetation types, and all use growth form (physiognomy) to distinguish vegetation units. The classification and mapping systems for wood production purposes differ from those for conservation and environment purposes in several aspects—wood production classifications emphasise commercial tree species and/or attributes such as height, whereas conservation classifications emphasise ecology, vegetation coverage, and the importance of understorey species. There are three broad strategic approaches in the vegetation classification programs being undertaken by the major forest land management agencies in Australia: (1) conducting a single classification across the whole of the agencies' land in a State; (2) conducting a vegetation classification at the regional level, but using the same methods in each region; and (3) using different methods depending on the specific objectives of individual studies. This paper highlights the value of accurate quantitative measurements in the field. For example, for the two key structural attributes of height and crown density, the measured raw data can be accommodated by a number of different classification schemes whereas if the raw data consists of only records by predetermined classes, then such accommodation is difficult and loses precision.


In the paper, using the 3-D Renault average conservation Navier-Stokes equations and standard k-e two-equations model for turbulent flow, the flow around the inserted components of pipes was simulated by CFD method. According to the conclusions of the erosion prediction of other pipe components, the flow principle and erosion influence were obtained by simulating in different diameter, depth, ditch, installed position and operation conditions of the inserted components of pipes.


Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most frequently encountered and most extensively studied neurobehavioral disorder of childhood, yet mental and psychiatric services for children lag behind those for adults in developing countries. Therefore, a pre experimental one group pre-test, post-test design was used to find out the Effectiveness of Teaching Learning Module for School Teachers on Knowledge, regarding Behavioral Therapy for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Selected Schools of Hassan, Karnataka. The sample consisted of 100 schoolteachers, selected by convenient sampling method. Data were collected by structured knowledge questionnaire prepared by the investigator. After collecting base line data, teaching learning modules were given to schoolteachers and after 7 days post-test was conducted using the same questionnaire. The results showed that the module was effective in increasing the knowledge of teachers (t =28.99). In Post-test significant association 99 2 2 2 was found between knowledge scores and demographic variables like age (? = 7.21), gender (? = 5.90), religion (? = 2 3.89) and earlier information (? = 4.40). Thus H2 was accepted.


For traditional predictor-corrector guidance algorithm for reentry glide vehicle, it cost a lot of time to obtain predicted flight range with a slow speed to iterate. In this paper, according to residual network (ResNet)'s block and dynamic model of vehicle, through analyzing the characteristics of predicted flight range with constraints, the flight range prediction block and flight range prediction neural network are designed, which can obtain the predicted range accurately and quickly; then aiming at the separation between guidance logic and no-fly zone avoidance logic, which may lead to guidance failure and increasing of the sign variation number of the bank angle, the no-fly zone crossrange and the no-fly zone mapping crossrange are proposed in this paper. According the repulsion force of artificial potential field, an adaptive crossrange corridor combining guidance logic and no-fly zone avoidance logic is proposed, and the convergence of the corridor is analyzed theoretically. Through simulation, the block number of flight range prediction network is determined firstly. By this method, the efficiency of lateral guidance can be improved. Then, through the simulation with the different no-fly zones under different disturbed conditions, the stability and validity of the guidance method are verified. Finally, compared with other predictor-corrector algorithms, the proposed method can realize guidance with less sign variation number of bank angle and better avoidance for no-fly zones.


The Cedar City Formation is divisible into three stromatoporoid biozones. These zones are differentiated by the mutually exclusive stratigraphic occurrences of the species 1) Syringostroma astrorhizoides, 2) Stromatoporella congregabilis and 3) Stachyodes crebrum. Chronologically, the zones range from late Emsian to early Frasnian. Lithofacies of the Cedar City are not restrictive as to the stromatoporoid species they contain.


Introduction: Recently there has been an evolving paradigm shift toward the treatment of facial volume loss either alone or in conjunction with more traditional modalities. Although volume augmentation is commonly used in rejuvenation of the upper orbital sulcus and brow, the effect on the upper eyelid has not yet been documented. This article describes one clinician's experience (A.N.K.) with autologous fat grafting to the upper orbital sulcus and the effect on upper eyelid position. Materials and Methods: After a detailed clinical evaluation of the periorbital region including overall facial aging, brow position, and eyelid laxity, 7 patients underwent autologous fat transfer to the periorbital region. Comparison of photos taken before and after the procedure showed a clear increase in the upper eyelid height. Results: All 7 patients described in this study demonstrated objective increase in upper lid height after periorbital autologous fat transfer, ranging from 0.41 mm to 2.08 mm, with a mean of 1.00 mm. Discussion: Periocular volume augmentation and its effect on lower eyelid position have been described previously. An attempt to alter upper eyelid height with volume augmentation directly to the upper eyelid has also been described recently. However, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of volume augmentation to the periorbital region affecting upper eyelid position in this manner. The clinical application of this observational data is not yet clear. However, the potential exists for extension of this modality to upper eyelid malposition such as ptosis.


Abstract Question: Climate change models forecast a reduction inannual precipitation and more extreme events (less rainydays and longer drought periods between rainfall events),which may have profound effects on terrestrial ecosys-tems. Plant growth, population and community dynamicsin dry environments are likely to be affected by thesechanges since productivity is already limited by wateravailability. We tested the effects of reduced precipitationandfewerraineventsonthreesemiaridplantcommunitiesdominated by annual species.Location: Three semiarid plant communities from Almeri´aprovince (SE Spain).Methods: Rain-out shelters were set up in each commu-nity and watering quantity and frequency were mani-pulatedfromautumntoearlysummer.Plantproductivity,cover and diversity were measured at the end of theexperimental period.Results: We found that a 50% reduction in wateringreduced productivity, plant cover and diversity in all threecommunities. However, neither the 25% reduction inwatering nor changes in the frequency of watering eventsaffected these parameters.Conclusions: The lack of response to small reductions inwater could be due to the identity and resistance of theplant communities involved, which are adapted to rainfallvariability characteristic of arid environments. Therefore,a rainfall reduction of 25% or less may not affect theseplant communities in the short term, although higherreductions or long-term changes in water availabilitywould probably reduce productivity and diversity in thesecommunities.Keywords: Climate change; Drought; Mediterranean eco-system; Precipitation; Pulsed events; Water availability.


OBJECTIVE
Detected HRPT2 mutation in parathyroid carcinoma or atypical parathyroid adenoma in sporadic hyperparathyroidism in Thai patients.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
Samples of parathyroid carcinoma, typical (atypical) adenoma or hyperplasia were obtained for HRPT2 gene (17 exons) study since September 2001 to August 2010 both somatic and germline by SyBr Green PCR method.

RESULTS
Parathyroid carcinomas and atypical parathyroid adenoma from 5 of 26 patients (10 of 32 samples) were tested for HRPT2 mutations. Only somatic HRPT2 mutations were found in tumor from 2 patients but three patients found both somatic and germline HRPT2 mutations. Exon 15 of HRPT2 gene was the best sensitivity (sensitivity 80.0%; p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.75-1.05) followed by exon 2 and exon 11 (sensitivity 60.0%; p = 0.007, 95% CI 0.60-0.99) to detected parathyroid carcinoma or atypical parathyroid adenoma.

CONCLUSION
HRPT2 mutations by SyBr Green PCR sensitive method to detected parathyroid carcinoma or atypical adenoma from benign parathyroid tissues. Exon 15 was the best sensitive to detected parathyroid carcinoma or atypical adenoma. Genotyping of such family members for germline mutation would focus implementation of clinical and biochemical monitoring of carriers of these mutations.


Teaching hours of Theoretical Mechanics is less,but the requirement of engineering technology to Mechanics is very high.Aiming at this situation,this paper proposes an idea of teaching reform on Theoretical Mechanics by using UG NX.Students can solve many course problems with UG,avoid theoretical analysis and improve the capability of solving practical problem.The curriculum reform greatly increased the interest in learning and received very good teaching results.


Abstract : Previous large-scale fire tests have shown that the spray discharge from the Type S flush-deck nozzles, as originally installed on aircraft carriers for nuclear-biological-chemical wash-down purposes, was not efficient for fire suppression in the presence of high wind. The resultant spray patterns of the basic nozzle and six experimental configurations have been analyzed for their maximum reach, evenness of distribution of falling spray, and height of spray trajectory. The maximum height of the spray could be held to 12-24 inches above the deck but this limited the horizontal reach to 17 feet.


This paper presents modeling, simulation and experimental results of a three phase induction motor running as single phase generator. Modeling is performed on a small power induction motor with squirrel cage, one phase for excitation and the others for load supply It includes a new model of the total losses, i.e. mechanical, copper and iron losses thanks to the design of experiment method (DoE). Experimental results obtained in Cambodia for load and voltage excitation variations on a reduced power test bench are good agreement with simulations, confirming the validity of the proposed models. Target application is electricity production form pico-hydropower in rural areas in developing countries.


In order to provide basic information about personality among Chaoshan population,Cantonese and Hakka in Guangdong Province and determine whether there are cultural and gender differences in their ways of personality,a China Big Five Personality(CBF-PI) was administered to 1134 subjects.The results indicated that compared to Chaoshan people,Hakka people had stronger compassion,while more activity,curiosity and spirit of adventure.The female tended to experience more anxiety,depression,sensitivity,suspicious character,vulnerability,compassion and anger-hostility personality.However,the male tended to experience more enthusiastic,active,adventurous spirit and less compassion.The study found that young people from three regions have significant differences in some personality traits.The main reason lies in the Confucian culture,cultural integration and the education of young people.


Preciado et al. have identified half-hourly relative blood volume (RBV) targets (at 30, 60…180 min) during hemodialysis (HD) that are associated with significantly improved patient survival. Attainment of these RBV targets would necessitate incessant adjustments to the ultrafiltration rate (UFR) by the dialysis nurse, which is logistically not feasible. We developed a novel proportional-integral controller that takes RBV data from the commercially available CLiC® device as an input and provides UFR suggestions to guide the RBV curve into the desired targets. The clinician specifies the desired UF goal and the maximum allowed upward/downward deviation from this goal, and the Controller then optimizes the RBV trajectory within the limits allowed by the clinician's prescription. The present study is aimed to characterize the behavior of this novel feedback controller.

 We conducted a single-arm, prospective, interventional pilot study in subjects on chronic HD at three Avantus Renal Therapy Dialysis Centers in New York City. Subjects were treated with Fresenius 2008T HD machines. RBV was measured with the CLiC® device. CLiC® and HD machine data were fed into a research laptop running the UFR Feedback Controller software. The UFR recommendations (generated every 10 minutes) were evaluated by dialysis nurses who then either implemented or rejected them as they deemed clinically appropriate. The nurses were instructed to only override Controller recommendations if medically indicated, but not in an attempt to manage the subjects' RBV trajectories themselves.

 Fifteen subjects (58.9 ± 15.3 years, 33% white, 53% black, dialysis vintage 4.1 ± 2.4 years, baseline interdialytic weight gain 2.6 ± 0.8 L, treatment time 222 ± 28 min) were studied (63 study visits, 4.2 ± 1.9 visits per subject). Of 300 analyzed RBV target timepoints, 63% had RBVs within the desired target range, 33% of the RBVs were above and 4% were below target. Stratified by timepoint, the on-target percentage increased from 37% at 30 min to 73% at 180 min into HD, while the proportion of RBVs above or below target decreased. In subjects with at least 4 complete study visits (N=8), looking at each of their first 4 complete visits, on average 71.8% of subjects were within the desired RBV target at 180 min into HD. The rate of intradialytic morbid events did not appear to be outside of the ordinary. There was no indication of adverse events related to the use of the UFR Feedback Controller. The Figure shows an example study visit where the UFR Feedback Controller modulates the UFR on an ongoing basis throughout the treatment to keep the RBV curve close to the ideal target trajectory (red line, defined by connecting the RBVs associated with the lowest all-cause mortality). Solid black line: RBV curve (left y-axis); dashed black line: UFR (right y-axis); green boxes: half-hourly RBV target ranges associated with improved survival.

 The UFR Feedback Controller behaves as expected, steering the patients' RBV curves toward the predefined target ranges where possible, while simultaneously guaranteeing that the prescribed fluid removal goal will be achieved. Preciado et al. had reported approx. one third of patients within the favorable RBV target range at 3h into HD. In contrast, while our pilot study was relatively small, with use of our novel UFR Feedback Controller, approx. 72% of subjects were within the desired RBV target range at 3h into HD. This novel UFR feedback control technology holds great promise for improving fluid management and clinical outcomes in HD patients without requiring additional staff time.


In this work we demonstrate the use of an electro-thermal simulation software to simulate the thermal resistance of SiGe HBTs. The method uses a co-simulation of a circuit simulator and a thermal simulator. The thermal model is automatically extracted from the chip layout and the provided material stack. After adaption of the thermal properties of silicon we achieve an agreement between measurement and simulation of better than 5 %. The complete simulation flow is integrated in a design kit which allows the designer to model the electro-thermal performance of the integrated circuits at design level.


Recent public and policy interventions aim to recognise formally the contributions of family care-givers to long-term residential care in Canada, with some arguing family carers are more than visitors and should be recognised as essential care-givers. These developments call for reconsidering how family care roles are understood and operationalised. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in three care homes in Ontario, Canada, we present an in-depth feminist rhetorical analysis of the narrated lives and work practices of 12 unpaid family carers. Specifically, we explore how unpaid family carers themselves draw on broader discursive 'ruling metaphors' to interpret their roles and activities (e.g. as essential care-givers, visitors, team members), and how these metaphors invoke, organise and/or give rise to particular practices, responsibilities and relations. We contrast the stories of a family member who positioned herself as an essential care-giver and expressed a more onerous sense of individual responsibility with the stories of people who enjoyed the pleasures of visiting, who contributed as team members in ways that went beyond caring for their own relatives' care needs, and who embraced the possibilities that came with volunteering and with being able to influence change. Our analysis situates and contextualises participants' stories of their involvement and unpaid work in relation to their everyday material conditions and circumstances. We elaborate how different ways of understanding caring roles shape the nature of carers' unpaid work, as well as their options to share responsibility or set limits on that work. We also raise questions about the organisational conditions needed to help enact care as a shared collective responsibility.


We identify some desired mathematical properties of bonds in an Artificial Chemistry (AChem) that promote complexity and open-ended behaviour (i.e. an AChem not designed to display particular behaviours). We identify the underlying structures created by different properties of mathematical products. We use these to exploit existing algebra to generate a potentially open-ended subsymbolic Achem (ssAChem). We give examples of how our approach leads to interesting behaviour, focused on the structure of composite particles within our system.


The article introduces the reader to the context of the momentous transformations of the aesthetic and worldview paradigms at the end of 'the long 19th century' and the arrival of modernity in Bulgarian culture which had – until then – been traditional and folklore-based. In this context, the author traces the early work of Svetoslav Minkov – a distinguished author of fantastic literature and cofounder of Bulgarian diabolical literature. The article focuses on comparative reading of several short stories by Gustav Meyrink and Svetoslav Minkov in order to highlight the arguments supporting the discussion of this literary movement in a broad, European context.


Analytical procedures are required for the rapid, quantitative determination of organic solute alteration in oil shale retort waters which may occur through photolytic, thermal, chemical and microbial action. High performance liquid chromatographic separations of retort water solutes were optimized using selected eluants on 25 cm bonded phase columns. RP8 (reverse phase, long chain hydrocarbon bonded) columns of high theoretical plate capacity (10,000 to 40,000 plates/meter) with programmed gradient elution provided adequate resolution to obtain ''fingerprint'' spectra against which comparisons may be made of spectra from altered retort waters.


Under the surveillance scenario, due to the influence of occlusion, deformation and illumination, the accuracy of person re-identification (ReID) task will be greatly affected. The extraction of effective pedestrian features has become the key of person ReID task. In view of this problem, this paper creatively uses frequency channel attention (FCA) network to carry out person ReID task. FCA network solves the problem of insufficient information representation caused by global average pooling (GAP) in traditional channel attention network. In addition, this paper conducts experiments on two datasets. The ablation experimental results show the effectiveness of FCA network in person ReID task, and the results of contrastive experiment show the superiority of FCA network in person ReID task.


RESEARCH ARTICLE 1 2 The Arabidopsis LAZY1 Family Plays a Key Role in Gravity 3 Signaling within Statocytes and in Branch Angle Control of Roots 4 and Shoots 5 6 Masatoshi Taniguchia,1, Masahiko Furutania,1, Takeshi Nishimuraa,1, Moritaka 7 Nakamurab,2, Toyohito Fushitab, Kohta Iijimab, Kenichiro Babab, Hirokazu 8 Tanakac, Masatsugu Toyotad, Masao Tasakab, and Miyo Terao Moritaa,3 9 10 aGraduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, 11 Nagoya 464-8601, Japan 12 bGraduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 13 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan 14 cDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 15 Osaka 560-0043, Japan 16 dDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, 255 17 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan 18 1These authors contributed equally to this work. 19 2Present address: Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, 20 University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany 21 3Corresponding author: email@example.com 22 23 Short title: Genes for gravitropism and branch angle control 24 25 One-sentence summary: The LAZY1 family expressed in statocytes is likely to 26 regulate the polar auxin transport in response to gravistimulation in gravitropism 27 of roots and shoots, and in GSA control of lateral roots. 28 29 The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings 30 presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions 31 for Authors (www.plantcell.org) is: Miyo Terao Morita (firstname.lastname@example.com u.ac.jp) 33 34


The aim of the experiment was to compare the reproductive performance and nursing behaviour of rabbit does reared under 2 different light intensities and observe the preference of does among cages with different light intensities. Female rabbits were randomly housed in 2 identical rooms, under the same housing conditions in wire-net cages. The 2 rooms only differed in the light intensity; group L: 150-200 lux (n=54 does, 230 inseminations), group D: 10-20 lux (n=54 does, 232 inseminations). Reproduction data from the first 5 consecutive reproductive cycles were evaluated. Nursing behaviour of the does (n = 24) was observed at the 2nd or 4th lactation. The preference of does (n=8) among 4 cages with different light intensities (10, 35, 75 or 155 lux)  as examined. There were 6-7% difference between the 2 groups in the number of kits born in total and those born alive (born total: 11.25 vs. 10.59 kits, P<0.1; liveborn: 10.75 vs. 10.00 kits, P<0.05; in groups L and D, respectively). Suckling mortality was nearly 2% higher in group D (L: 8.1, D: 10.0%; P<0.1), and in consequence the litter size of this group at 35 d of age was lower than that of the L rabbits (L: 8.75, D: 8.45 kits; P<0.05). The light intensity did not affect litter and individual weights at 35 d of age. The average numbers of daily nursing events (L: 1.23/d, D: 1.32/d), the length (L: 208±49, D: 213±43 s) and the daily distribution of nursing events were not affected by high light intensity. During the light period of the day, the darkest cage (10 lux) was the most preferred by the does (44.0, 18.6, 17.9 and 19.5% in 10, 35, 75 and 155 lux cages, respectively; P<0.001). The lower light intensity had no unambiguously unfavourable effect on the reproductive performance and nursing behaviour of the does. Based on the preference test, a lower light intensity may be advantageous from the point of view of animal welfare.


According to the teaching situation of advanced language programming in a college, under the premise of online and offline theoretical basis, this article uses the rain classroom platform to realize the design and implementation of the online and offline blended teaching mode in the advanced language program teaching process, and further analyzes this teaching mode Implementation in the course.


This chapter describes how, in the 1970s, the New York City subway system continued the downward spiral of fewer riders, budget cuts, and reduced service, which led to a loss of more riders, further budget cuts, and even worse service. Despite carrying fewer passengers, the transit system's operating costs kept increasing. David Yunich's successor at the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), Harold Fisher, failed to address the MTA's slide, although he claimed that his programs were making public transportation travel more efficient, comfortable, and safe. By 1980, New York City's subway riders had more to complain about than ever before. New York City's subway system was not just unreliable, crowded, and filthy; it was also the most dangerous in the world. Moreover, the ongoing deterioration of the subways was threatening the city's economy. The chapter then focuses on the role of house developer Richard Ravitch as MTA chair. Ravitch had no interest in restarting the Second Avenue subway, and the project was a low priority for many of the communities it would serve. Instead, under Ravitch's leadership, the MTA took care of the abandoned tunnels below Second Avenue. More importantly for the future of the neighborhoods that the Second Avenue subway had been designed to serve, Ravitch rescued the existing subway system and the city along with it.


A stable method for numerical solution of a linear operator equation in reflexive Banach spaces is proposed. The operator and the right-hand side of the equation are assumed to be known approximately. The corresponding error levels may remain unknown. Approximate operators and their conjugate ones must possess the property of strong pointwise convergence. The exact normal solution is assumed to be sourcewise representable and some upper estimate for the norm of its source element must be known. The norm in the Banach space of solutions is supposed to satisfy the following smoothness-type condition: some function of the norm must be differentiable. Under these conditions a stability of the method with respect to nonuniform perturbations in operator is shown and the strong convergence to the normal solution is proved. A boundary control problem for the one-dimensional wave equation is considered as an example of possible application. The results of the model numerical experiments are presented.


I am writing to you as Secretary of ICRP in my capacity as Chairman of EURADOS-CENDOS. As you know EURADOS-CENDOS is an association of European laboratories concerned with research, development and implementation of radiation dosimetry in all its aspects, including concepts and units. At its recent General Assembly held in Lisbon on 24 and 25 May, EURADO-CENDOS took the opportunity to discuss the recent 1990 draft recommendations of ICRP, ICRP!90/G-O1. The meeting was attended by over 60 scientists representing the majority of the major dosimetry laboratories in the European Community as well as some in Sweden, Switzerland and the German Democratic Republic, together with representatives from the Commission of the European Communities. The main points of the discussion, which touched on all aspects of the recommendations, were: (a) risk estimates and dose limits; (b) the use of the term 'effectance'; (c) the specification of radiation weighting factors and quality factors. As regards the risk estimates and dose limits, the meeting was divided. Some of those present felt that the results of extrapolation using the multiplicative model resulted in overestimates of radiation risks which were not justified by the results of epidemiological studies of radiation workers. However, not all those present supported this viewpoint. The majority of those present were opposed to the introduction of the term 'effectance' to replace 'effective dose equivalent'. It was thought that this would further confuse an already confused public and remove the appreciation of its derivation from radiation dose. In respect of the specification of radiation weighting factors, the meeting was unanimous in its rejection of the scheme proposed in the draft recommendations. It was appreciated that there is insufficient knowledge to specify the dependence of relative biological effectiveness on any one physical quantity for all relevant biological end points at low doses. I t was also appreciated that it is desirable to increase the quality factor for fast neutrons. However, the proposed scheme presents considerable difficulties of implementation and interpretation in operational situations and for instrument and dosemeter development. Particular difficulties are presented by the step changes in radiation weighting factors for neutrons, i.e.:


In order to solve the conflict about shortage of water resources and socio-economic development in Guanzhong region of Weihe River basin, the water resources and available water resources were studied. Analysis the distribution laws and evolution trends of water resources , by calculating the available water resources of all district, summarized their distribution characteristic and the relationship with available ratio, and forecasted the other water resources using situation in future planning year. Finally obtain the conclusion that water resources of Guanzhong region were scarce as a whole, water resources and available water resources were uneven distribution.


This paper applies the Scan-Angle Method (SAM) to the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) aboard Earth Probe (EP) satellite for determining tropospheric ozone based on TOMS scan geometly. In the northern tropical Africa burning season, the distribution of the SAM-derived tropospheric ozone presents a tropospheric ozone enhancement related to biomass burning. This distribution is consistent with that of fire counts observed from Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) and that of carbon monoxide, the tropospheric ozone precursor, observed from Measurements of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT). However, this feature is not shown in the distribution of tropospheric ozone derived from other TOMS-based algorithms for the northern burning season. In the high latitudes, the influence of pollution in the SAM results is seen over the northern continents in agreement with carbon monoxide for northern summer when the dynamical activity is weak in the northern hemisphere.


Oncocytic lesions rarely affect the parotid gland, accounting for less than 1% of all salivary lesions. Oncocytosis is the accumulation and proliferation of oncocytes in salivary glands in nodular or diffuse pattern. Multifocal nodular oncocytic hyperplasia of the salivary gland represents an extremely rare, non-tumorous pathology of the salivary gland We report a case of multifocal oncocytic hyperplasia of the parotid gland in a 38-year-old man who was referred for a right preauricular mass that had gradually increased in size over the last 2 months. The differential diagnosis in addition to histopathogenesis and treatment options of this rare entity are discussed.


The stress variation induced by gas/oil production may activate pre‐existing regional faults. This may enhance the expected land subsidence due to the generation of mechanically weak points close to the producing field. A class of elasto‐plastic interface elements (IE), specifically designed to address the mechanical behaviour of faults over a regional scale, is integrated into a finite element (FE) geomechanical model and used to investigate the role exerted by active faults in anthropogenic land subsidence. The importance of regional faults depends on a variety of factors including depth of the depleted reservoir, fault number, orientation and size, geomechanical properties of porous medium, pore pressure drawdown induced by fluid production, etc. With the aid of some representative examples, a useful indication is provided as to where and how fault activation may influence both magnitude and extent of the land subsidence bowl above producing gas/oil reservoirs, pointing to a generally limited impact on the ground surface. The simulation of a real faulted gas reservoir in a complex 3‐D setting shows that the proposed IE can be simply and efficiently incorporated into a FE geomechanical model, thus improving the quality of the stress and displacement prediction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This chapter documents the experiences of Millennials in culturally immersive homestays, tours and excursions within indigenous spiritual communities in the Caribbean. The chapter validates that there is an increasing demand for spiritual tourism from a particular group of consumers – Millennial travellers. Grounded in the theories of the Experience Economy and Experiential Marketing, the chapter illuminates the motivations and latent interests of Millennial travellers towards new modes of spirituality that they may not be exposed to in their home country, through examining the indigenous Rastafarian villages in Jamaica which are interactive and offer authentic cultural experiences with a strong spiritual component. In examining the extant literature on spiritual tourism, there is a lacuna of research on Caribbean spiritual tourism experiences with the Millennial traveller;the impacts of COVID-19 on these experiences are also documented. The chapter makes a unique contribution to the literature and global discourse on Millennials and spirituality from the perspective of small island developing states (SIDS) and particularly from islands that are economically dependent on tourism and use aspects of culture such as spirituality as a product/service differentiation strategy and competitive advantage. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Sandeep Kumar Walia and Aruditya Jasrotia.


Vocabulary is one ofEnglish components; they are the first and foremost important step in language acquisition and helps the learners in comprehending kind of spoken and written text. In SD N 3 Bakalan Krapyak Kudus, the fourth grade students seem not interest during teaching and learning process.They felt afraid of making mistakes. Sothey just kept silent.It is proved by the writer assumed who found the student's score under the KKM. To cover the situation Pelmanism Game can be alternative technique in teaching English especially vocabulary.
The objective of this research is to determine whether there is a significant impact on vocabulary achievement of the fourth grade students of SD N 3 Bakalan Krapyak Kudus in 2016/2017 academic year before and after being taught by using Pelmanism Game.
This research is experimental research which used one group pre-test and post-test. The subject of this research was the fourth grade students of SDN 3 Bakalan Krapyak Kudus in 2016/2017 academic year consisted of 19 students. The research design used was an experimental research design with Pre-test and Post-test by using pelmanism game as the treatment. The research instruments used test. The writer used multiple choices test which consists of 20 items.
The result of this research showed that mean of pre-test is 59.5and the standard deviation is 5.2. Meanwhile the mean of post-test is 78,2and the standard deviation is 4.68. Based on t-test calculation the result showed t-obtain (to) is 21.1.With the level of significance (α) 0.05, the Degree of Freedom (df) 18, t-table (tt) is ± 2.101. Therefore, the writer rejected null hypothesis (H0) and accepted alternative hypothesis (Ha) because t-obtain (to) falls in the critical region.
After conducting this research, the writer concludes that Pelmanism Game is effective to be applied in teaching Vocabulary to the fourth grade students os SD N 3 Bakalan Krapyak Kudus in 2016/2017 academic year.. The writer suggests that the English teacher can use this interaested strategy to make the students have long term memory in vocabulary mastery.


A percolator/dispenser is disclosed which includes an insulated container having a hinged lid. A percolator heater, tube, and basket are mounted inside the container, and a manually operated pressure pump is included in the lid of the container. This pressure pump operates to pump air from the outside of the container to the inside of the container when operated. A discharge spout is movable between (1) a vented position, in which a vent path is provided between the spout and an upper portion of the interior of the container, (2) a dispensing position, in which the spout is connected to a tube which extends down to a lower portion of the interior of the container, and (3) a sealed position, in which the spout is sealed. An interlock is provided which insures that the percolator can not be activated unless the spout is in the vented position, thereby automatically preventing overpressurization of the insulated container due to inadequate venting during operation of the percolator.


Davis (I989) criticizes my use of certain arguments in Fudge (I987). I would like to consider these criticisms under three heads. I. First, for the record, I would point out that Davis is not representing my reasoning with total accuracy. My case for recognizing Onset/Rhyme as the first constituent split within the syllable (rather than Onset/Nucleus/ Coda or [Onset + Nucleus]/Coda) rests not on the EXISTENCE of errors, word games, etc., in which this is the major break, but on the PREPONDERANCE of such cases over other types of errors, word games, etc. (see particularly Fudge, I987: 371-375). 2. In order to make a constituent cut, do we need clearly separate criteria for the status of EACH constituent, as Davis appears to imply? Surely the fact that just ONE of them is independently supported is sufficient to assure the status of the residue as a constituent? We need just one motivation for the cut, which then in turn motivates recognition of both constituents. Thus, in syntax, a predicate is surely what is left when a subject has been identified as one constituent of the clause. The status of the predicate is assured by this very fact: no additional specific criteria for the constituenthood of the Predicate are needed. The Onset/Rhyme division behaves in a very similar fashion: once the Onset is recognized (on the basis of errors, word games, etc.) the remainder of the syllable is ipso facto guaranteed the status of a basic constituent. Once again, no additional specific criteria for the constituenthood of the Rhyme are needed. 3. The relationship between word and syllable is obviously an important one in the area we are discussing. The inferences which Davis draws from this fact, however, seem to me to be incorrect. Clearly, the 'Pig Latin' rule DOES refer to the beginning of the word, as evidenced by the treatment of polysyllabic words like Latin, criminal (Davis, I989: 214). Does this mean, though, that the rule cannot also refer to the syllable? I think not. It would be no less appropriate to regard the consonant or consonant cluster which is being moved to the end of the word as the Onset of the first syllable than to regard it as the Onset of the whole word. Thus the 'Pig Latin' rule can be stated as either (i) or (2): (I) follows Fudge (I987) while (2) follows Davis (I989).


The present invention provides a method for producing a porous resin bead. The present invention relates to a method for preparing a vinyl aromatic compound - Method di (meth) acrylate copolymer of the porous resin beads, the method comprising - hydroxystyrene: dissolving a monomer mixture and polymerized in an organic solvent initiator to obtain a solution containing the monomer mixture and the polymerization initiator, the monomer mixture containing an aromatic vinyl compound, an acyloxystyrene and a di (meth) acrylate compound; the dispersion stabilizer suspending the solution in water in the presence of; performing a suspension copolymerization to thereby obtain an aromatic vinyl compound - acyloxystyrene - di (meth) acrylate compound copolymer; and hydrolyzing the acyloxy benzene copolymer acyloxy groups of the vinyl monomer component. The porous resin beads prepared by the method of the present invention can be suitably used as a carrier such as solid phase synthesis.


Received: 09 Nov 2017 Accepted: 22 Nov 2017 Background: Health systems have multiple goals, but the fundamental reason they exist is to improve health. Cost And Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) is one tool decision-makers can use to asses and potentially improve the performance of the health systems. Cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) is a form of economic analysis that compares the relative costs and outcomes (effects) of different courses of action. Objective: The purpose of the study is to asses which intervention provides the highest value for the money and helps to choose the intervention which maximize health outcome in gastroenteritis patients treated with generic (Cepez-SB) and brand (Magnex Forte) formulation. Methods: A comparative observational study was conducted in 80 inpatients admitted with gastroenteritis in gastroenterology department in Global Hospital, Hyderabad for a period of six months and data was analyzed using paired T-test. Results: In this study a total 80 patients were enrolled out of which 40 patients received brand form (MF) and 40 patients received generic form (Cepez-SB). For brand formulation majority were in the age group of 40-60 and for generic formulation majority were in the age group of 50-60. The average cost of drug per patients in Cepez-SB arm is lower i.e., INR 4455.00/and for MF arm is INR 4944.00/-. The average number of days symptoms subsided for Magnex Forte group is lower i.e., 3.98 days and for the Cepez-SB group was 4.93 days. The average length of hospitalization for MF is lower i.e., 4.375 days and for Cepez-SB is 4.975 days. The average total hospitalization cost for MF is lower i.e., INR 28474.53/and for Cepez-SB is INR 29362.95/. Conclusion: We provided a detailed description of costs and effects of both brand and generic forms of cefoperazone sulbactam in gastroenteritis patients. Results demonstrated that Magnex Forte (brand form) was superior to the Cepez-SB (generic form) used in the study in all aspects and that it also had a better safety profile. We concluded the use of generic drugs could be related with an increased days of disease or might lead to a therapeutic failure; on the other hand, a higher drug concentration might expose patients to an increased risk of dose-dependent side-effects. Overall, it is advisable to well evaluate the effects of generic formulations during the therapeutic treatment.


Internal waves were generated by a ship using the dead water effect in areas where the water contains a strong near-surface density gradient. The effects of these internal waves on the wind waves were examined. The principal measurements included height and slope statistics of the wind waves and horizontal currents in the internal waves. The effects on the wind waves were always observable from an aircraft; however, in measurements made only along the ship's track, the effects of the internal waves were not always readily distinguishable from other factors that influence the wind wave field. By using statistical techniques, relationships have been established between the wind waves, internal waves and the wind velocity. The principal finding is that the wind wave field is relatively more sensitive to internal wave currents at low wind speeds than in high winds. Numerical values are given.


Aim:  Humans evolved to withstand harsh environments by adaptively decreasing their body size. Thus, adaptation to a hostile environment defers the infancy‐childhood transition age (ICT), culminating in short stature. In natural‐fertility human societies, this transition is associated with weaning from breastfeeding and the mother's new pregnancy. We therefore used the interbirth interval (IBI) as a surrogate for the ICT.


This article gave an account of how wikis were used as a platform to provide an opportunity for students to work on group projects without such barriers as communication and collaboration issues that arise from traditional group work. The original motivation to write the article was to share an innovative teaching experience so that others may be encouraged to try using wikis in the classroom to facilitate group work. It is pleasing to note the surprising number of downloads the paper received. I expect it has generated interest in those wanting to see how technology is being used and those considering adopting similar ideas for themselves. It would be interesting to hear accounts of others' experiences that were prompted by the paper.


Although some lung cysts in infancy may be harmless and the pathology reversible, many of these lesions seriously jeopardize life by causing compression atelectasis with pneumonia, by enlarging to sizes incompatible with adequate respiratory function, or by becoming grossly infected. In such instances, surgical removal becomes urgent. The three cases of this disease seen at Colorado General Hospital in the past six years illustrated these complications, and all required surgical intervention. Lung cysts in infancy, if they are symptomatic, should be surgically removed, preserving as much pulmonary parenchyma as possible.


Lithium ion drift in flat graphene and silicene channels, including graphene–silicene channel, in the presence of a constant electric field has been studied by the molecular dynamics method. The optimal channel gap size was determined for an ion to pass through the channel fully while maintaining dynamic contact with it. Penetration of lithium ions through the porous of graphene and silicene membranes as a result of the appropriate transverse electric field's influence has been studied. The time of the ion passage through different membrane sets has been determined. In the case of graphene the ion passage of a membrane pair with divacancies is preferable, and for silicene a coupled membrane with hexavacancies is more passable, i.e. a mean time of the ion transit through it is the smallest. The stability of the membrane during the transport of lithium ion has been investigated. Hydrogenation of the flat channel edges has a positive effect only when the material for constructing the anode is graphene. The most effective method to keep a silicene structure intact is by fixing the edges, but even in this case, the initial defects in silicene cannot be prevented during the ion passage.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder of motoneurons causing progressive paralysis, inevitably leading to death. The identification of point mutations in the cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SODl) gene in a subset of ALS patients has led to the hypothesis that, at least in a subset of ALS patients, free radical damage contributes to motoneuron death.' N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) can act as an antioxidant, either directly as a free radical scavenger or as a precursor of glutathione and metallothioneine, and may act as a chelator, which facilitates disposal of toxic metals. A mild positive, albeit nonsignificant, effect of NAC on survival has been observed in a clinical trial with ALS patients,' and on motoneuron degeneration in wobbler mice (an animal model for juvenile spinomuscular a t r ~ p h y ) . ~ NAC is clinically safe and has been shown to pass the blood-brain barrier.' To examine whether NAC may benefit ALS patients with S O D l mutations, we have tested NAC in a transgenic mouse model of ALS expressing human S O D l with a GIY'~ to Ala (G93A) mutation. Transgenic G93A mice (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME) were descended of the Gurney G1L line4 but showed a slower clinical and pathological progression of disease, probably due to a 30% reduction in transgene copy number. Sexand weight-matched G93A mice were randomly selected across litters. They were housed individually with a 12-h reversed darkllight cycle and were fed ad libitum with a standard diet (AM2-14-10, Hope Farm, Woerden, The Netherlands). NAC treatment was started at 120 days of age, before onset of paresis5 Onset and progression of clinical disease was scored by examining the mice weekly for extension of the limbs when suspended in the air by their tail and for grip strength. Mice were killed (= end-stage disease) when they could not right themselves or when they developed a severe eye infection. NAC solution (50 mglml; see Louwerse and colleagues') was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 mg/g of body weight daily at the end of the dark period. This treatment protocol resulted in NAC plasma concentrations of 31 i 9 (mean ? SD) pg/ml at 1 hour after injection, elimination half-life being approximately 50 minutes. NAC-treated mice did not show obvious behavioral abnormalities but showed a 4 to 8% weight reduction ( p < 0.01, unpaired Student's t test), compared with control groups, ie, untreated and G93A mice injected daily with saline. NAC injections did not significantly (unpaired Student's t tests) influence age of clinical onset and survival of G93A mice compared with control groups (Table). In a second experiment, NAC (10 ~ n g / m l ) ~ was supplemented to the drinking water, resulting in plasma concentrations of 0.5 to 2 pg/ml. As in the injected animals, NAC treatment resulted in a small weight loss but had no significant effect on disease onset and survival (see Table). In sum, our results indicate that treatment with the antioxidant NAC does not influence disease onset and survival in transgenic mice carrying an ALS-linked S O D l mutation. In a similar manner, Gurney and collaborators4 showed that dietary supplementation with high doses of vitamin E did not improve survival in SOD 1 -ALS transgenic mice. These data suggest that antioxidant treatment will not have a beneficial effect on ALS patients with S O D l mutations.


The invention relates to a resolution method of atorvastatin condensate intermediate. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, taking a mixture of cis-and trans-isomers of the condensate, heating and dissolving the mixture in isopropanol as a solvent; step 2, filtering to remove a small amount of insoluble substances when the mixture is hot, then adding isopropanol into the filtrate, and performing heating and dissolving; step 3, naturally cooling the solution to room temperature under stirring, precipitating the solids, filtering and collecting the solids, drying the solids to obtain like-white solid which is (3S,5S)-condensate; step 4, concentrating the filtrate filtered in the step 3, and stirring the filtrate to crystallize, filtering and collecting the precipitate, and drying the precipitate to obtain light yellow solid which is (3R,5S)-condensate.


Among human needs that are not as important as other primary needs is the need for calendars or commonly called calendars or dates. Calendar is a system of organizing units of time, for the purpose of marking and calculating time in the long run. Ancient Egypt had deep-rooted beliefs in dating, that is, through the routines of the nile's floods every year, which coincided with the emergence of sirirus stars in the east. The first dating system on this earth was the ancient Egyptian calendar system. The Egyptians first divided the day 24 hours, 12 hours for noon and 12 hours for night time. Keywords: Ancient Egypt, Calendar System, Season.


The authors report the realization of short wavelength (3.05μm⩽λ⩽3.6μm) InP lattice-matched In0.53Ga0.47As∕AlAs0.56Sb0.44 quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). The highest-performance device displays pulsed laser action at wavelengths between 3.4 and 3.6μm, for temperatures up to 300K, with a low temperature (80K) threshold current density of approximately 2.6kA∕cm2, and a characteristic temperature of T0∼130K. The shortest wavelength QCL (λ≈3.05μm) has a higher threshold current density (∼12kA∕cm2 at T=20K) and operates in pulsed mode at temperatures up to 110K.


Abstract Small states have come to play an increasingly active part in multilateral trade negotiations in the World Trade Organization (WTO) such that small state activism has been a major contributory factor in the continuing delay in concluding the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) negotiations. This suggests that small states are no longer bit players and are instead key actors in the WTO. Through the formation of a range of alliances, small developing states have become central to the process and form of multilateral trade negotiations. In this article we highlight this increasing activism of small states through a study of the DDA cotton negotiations. We focus in particular on the activism and influence of four small developing African states; Burkina Faso, Benin, Chad and Mali in the negotiations. In order to explore whether size really 'matters' in the WTO system, our study demonstrates that while size has some relevance—since it creates unequal deliberative capacities—the major obstacle to effective influence is the persistence of protectionist policies in the cotton sector and the inability of the WTO to enforce its own liberal trade rules and obligations.


In this work, we reported the results obtained by the structural characterization of the FeAl3 intermetallic compound. This material was synthesized by conventional casting technique using Fe (99.97%) and Al (99.92%) elemental metals. Then, the as-cast alloy was subjected to high-energy ball-milling for different times (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 h). The characterization of the alloy was performed by X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that FeAl3 intermetallic was produced as a single-phase after conventional casting. The milled experiments show that the FeAl3 (monoclinic) transforms to Fe2Al5 (orthorhombic) after 15h of milling. Therefore, this phase transformation is characterized by a change from low to high symmetry systems.


An analysis was performed of the design of a thermal vacuum sensor. The sensor was made by the thin-film technique and consisted of a heating resistor and a thermopile, including six thermoelements. The surface of the heater has been covered with a reflective Al layer that significantly reduced the heat dissipated by radiation. In that way an increase in sensitivity and extending of the measurement range have been achieved. The effect of surface emissivity and sensor dimensions on its characteristics has been studied.


Hypersonic vehicle is a kind of vehicle that can fly at more than Mach 5 in the atmosphere. To solve the control problem of hypersonic vehicle, this work investigates the feasibility of hypersonic jet control surface. The numerical simulation method based on compressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations with SST turbulence model is adopted. Firstly, the mechanism of hypersonic flow around airfoil with different deflection angles of aerodynamic control surface, which is arranged at the rear 30% of the airfoil behand a 2% chord gap, is analyzed and studied in detail. Then, a jet nozzle is set on the trailing edge of the airfoil to calculate and analyse the jet control effect of different total pressure ratio with 1.5mm gap (Mach 5, total pressure ratio from 1 to 300, altitude 40km). Thus, the flow mechanism, aerodynamic characteristics and control efficiency of the jet control surface is obtained. The results demonstrate that the aerodynamic control surface is effective in the hypersonic flow, and the control effect is proportional to the deflection angle of the control surface. Besides, the jet control surface also has control efficiency, which changes linearly with the total pressure ratio of the jet. And with the increase of jet total pressure ratio, the jet control surface can achieve the same control ability as the aerodynamic control surface. It reveals that the jet control surface is potentially a good control technique for hypersonic vehicle.


1. Deslypere JP, Vermeulen A. Influence of age on steroid concentrations in skin and striated muscle in women and in cardiac muscle and lung tissue in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985 Oct;61(4):648-53 2. Deslypere JP, Vermeulen A. Leydig cell function in normal men: effect of age, life-style, residence, diet, and activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1984 Nov;59(5):955-62 3. Morer-Fargas F, Nowakowski H. The urinary excretion of testosterone in males. Acta endocrinol (Copenh). 1965 Jul;49:443-52 4. Gapstur SM, Gann PH, Kopp P, Colangelo L, Longcope C, Liu K. Serum androgen concentrations in young men: a longitudinal analysis of associations with age, obesity, and race. The CARDIA male hormone study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Oct;11(10 Pt 1):1041-7


Rockfill dams offer the choicest alternative for the construction of high dams in weaker formations under complex geotechnical settings. Flexible behavior inherent in such structures enables them to withstand larger strains encountered during earth quakes. However, due to the presence of larger size materials, as large as 1000-1200 mm, engineering characterization of rockfill materials calls for adoption of modelling techniques even when large size equipments are deployed for testing. There are limitations to the maximum specimen size that can be tested in laboratory. Parallel gradation technique has been adopted for modelling rockfill materials restricting the maximum size to 80 mm to test the specimen size of 381 mm X 813 mm in the large size triaxial shear testing machine. A maximum particle size of 600 mm has been recommended by designers for use in Salma Dam Project, Afghanistan. The paper presents large size triaxial shear test data and analysis of the same for recommending design parameters for rockfill materials proposed to be used in the project.


The Fontan procedure is used in pediatric situations in which infants have complex congenital heart disease or a single effective ventricle. This procedure by-passes right heart by connecting the left and right pulmonary arteries (LPA/RPA) to the superior and inferior vena cavae (SVC/IVC). The resulting reconstructed anatomy is called total cavopulmonary connection or TCPC. Knowledge of fluid dynamics in TCPC helps in optimizing the connection itself for reduced resistance as well as aids in designing cavopulmonary assist devices like viscous impeller pump (VIP) [1].© 2011 ASME


A child safety package comprising a sealing member for sealing the package and the package securing the latch in the closed position. According to an embodiment, the package includes a closure having a first lip having a first shell portion and second shell portion of the second lip closure. It may be formed by joining a first inclined outer wall of a closed curved lip portion of the second closed lip or deformation of thin-walled accordance with an embodiment, the sealing member. Packaging also incorporates one or more secondary elastomeric face seal and / or the side seal. A first shell portion and second shell portion may be connected by a hinge portion, such as a double hinge or the like. Further, the insert may include a dispenser assembly, the dispenser assembly control product dispensing from the dispenser to the product receiving space of the receiving portion. The spring may bias the latch in the locked or rest position.


This study analyzed the Problems and Prospects of Girl Child Education Through Sarva Siksha Abhiyan. A descriptive research design was used, with a sample size of 184 girl students. A stratified random sampling technique was used, and data was collected through an interview schedule method with a structured questionnaire. The study found a significant difference in girl childrens opinions towards Deterring Factors, infrastructural facilities in schools under the Sarva Siksha Abhiyan.
KEY WORDS: Girl child education, Problems and Prospects, Krishna district.


Information on the movement of fish is vital to determine the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) for fish conservation and fisheries management. This study investigates area utilisation and activity patterns of 13 adult roman Chrysoblephus laticeps (Sparidae) using telemetry and underwater observations. Acoustic transmitters implanted into C. laticeps in tanks had no apparent effects on growth and mobility. Natural behaviour of the treated fish in the field was verified by SCUBA divers. Manual boat- and diver-based tracking was carried out inside the Castle Rock MPA, False Bay, South Africa, over a 17-month period. A radio acoustic positioning system (VRAP, VEMCO Ltd) was used to record automatically fish positions over two 1-month periods during and after the spawning season of roman. Manually recorded fish positions and VRAP positions inside the triangle of buoys within the system were accurate within 10m; deviations increased with increased distance of the fish from the centre of the system and during unfavourable sea conditions. Analysis of movement data using a 95% fixed kernel algorithm suggests that roman occupy small home ranges of between 1 000m2 and 3 000m2, which shows that this species is well suited for protection in small MPAs. Interestingly, the home range size did not seem to be related to fish size or habitat quality. Swimming activity decreased at night. During periods of cold-water upwelling, fish retreated into caves. During the spawning season, females extended their home ranges, which result in a 'spill over' effect of adult fish into fishing areas.


Globally, many parts of fire emissions are driven by deforestation. However, few studies have attempted to evaluate deforestation and vegetation degradation fires (DDF) and predict how they will change in the future. In this study, we expanded a fire model used in the Community Land Model to reflect the diverse causes of DDF. This enabled us to differentiate DDFs by cause (climate change, wood harvesting, and cropland, pastureland, and urban land‐use changes) and seasonality. We then predicted the state of fire regimes in the 2050s and 2090s under RCP 2.6 and RCP 6.0 scenarios. Our results indicate that the area affected by global total fires will decrease from the current 452 to 211–378 Mha yr−1 in the 2090s under RCP 6.0 and to 184–333 Mha yr−1 under RCP 2.6, mainly due to socioeconomic factors such as population and economic growth. We also predict that DDF will decrease from the current 73 million hectares per year (Mha yr−1) to 54–66 Mha yr−1 in the 2090s under RCP 6.0 and 46–55 Mha yr−1 under RCP 2.6. The main contributor to these decreases in DDF burned area was climate change, especially the increasing of precipitation. The impact of future land use change on future DDF was similar or slightly lower than present‐day. South America, Indonesia, and Australia were identified as high‐risk regions for future DDF, mainly due to the expansion of wood harvest and pastureland. Appropriate land and fire management policies will be needed to reduce future fire damage in these areas.


This paper reports research results on the relationship between e-government readiness and its components and the level of democracy, corruption, and globalization for 191 countries. A supply-side approach to e-government analysis using data about national government Web sites, telecommunication infrastructure, and human capital was taken rather than a demand-side approach, which is based on the real use of e-government Web sites by citizens, businesses, and government, or their perceptions of the online services delivery. Statistically significant differences in the level of e-government readiness and its components between three groups of countries classified according to the level of democracy were identified using ANOVA. It was also shown, using correlation and regression analysis, that e-government readiness indices are related to the level of democracy, corruption, and globalization.


The scale of changes pursued by the current government is placing immense pressure on organisations in every sector, where service providers and companies are having to strive to deliver to the same standard with fewer staff and fewer resources. The proposed changes to the delivery of Probation Services in this context are particularly surprising, with preference for an untested and relatively uncoordinated use of voluntary and private sector agencies, rather than allowing the Probation Service to work with short term sentence prisoners. This means private and voluntary sector organisations would be entrusted with risk management duties at a time when investment in training and research has had to be reduced to the minimum. This is particularly problematic given the cultural differences between organisations within the public, private and voluntary sectors which could contribute to poor prioritising and risk recognition. Research findings highlight that new and unexpected demands placed on an organisation reveal the significance of organisational culture (O'Donnell and Boyle, 2008.) In the case of public services, inherently differing approaches to delivery, whilst potentially lowering cost, can lead to reduced expectations of what will be tolerated as minimum standards. Serco's provision for the NHS in Cornwall is a prime example of achieving reduced costs yet doing so through greatly reduced staffing, leading to the typical time nurses spend with patients being reduced by half (Lawrence, 2012). There is little evidence to suggest that these innovations have led to the same or better outcomes via drastically reduced patient contact. Concerns therefore abound that differences in approach in key areas could mean that current standards on public protection and rehabilitation cannot be achieved through market competition and could weaken the intrinsic strengths they bring to partnership working. Whilst there is no definite agreement about concepts of organisational culture, certain norms and priorities within organisations appear to guide and influence employees and managers, and ultimately service users, (see for example, McNeill et al, cited in Burke & Davies, 2011). The Voluntary and Community Sector (VCS) can be defined by its traditions of community spirit and support, being responsive, and adept at meeting specialist need. The private sector is very diverse, but many successful companies can be said to share characteristics such as flexibility, goal orientation, profit focus, technological innovation, performance enhancement and tried and tested solutions. In the context of partnership working, these differing approaches can complement each other, particularly when helping vulnerable and challenging people. The public sector has taken on increasing aspects of private sector methods in efforts to improve performance, for example through Continuous Improvement agendas to develop streamlined processes. However, this method sharing has not tended to travel in the opposite direction anywhere near as frequently, meaning the private sector's understanding of Probation methods and priorities is unlikely to be strong. The government's assumption that organisations perform best with a financial incentive undervalues public sector norms and values which have helped contribute to reduced levels of serious harm (HMIP, 2013) as well as innovations such as Integrated Offender Management. Many of these norms and values can persist even when new members enter or change is imposed. The Probation Service is evidence of this, where risk management and public protection have become more clearly overriding principles, but which the Service has responded to by maintaining its social inclusion and holistic approach as one of the key methods to meet these objectives. Perhaps the reason the Probation Service has managed to integrate these risk management priorities with other approaches is the level of specialism and training involved. …


There is a close relationship between Beijing culture and Beijing studies.Generally speaking,Beijing culture is an object of Beijing studies,and Beijing studies establish the disciplinary system of Beijing culture.The study of Beijing studies,therefore,requires a serious study of Beijing culture.This paper illustrates Beijing culture with a focus on some features that cannot be ignored,thus hoping to provide some new workable perspectives for Beijing studies.In a word,Beijing culture enjoys such four features as regional culture,urban cultural,metropolitan culture and capital culture.


Gastric cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in South East Asian countries with India being no exception. We carried out this retrospective observational study to highlight the clinical profile of gastric cancer in south India as there is sporadic data regarding the same. This study was carried out at a tertiary care oncology center in South India and 52 patients of gastric adenocarcinoma confirmed histopathologically and by immunohistochemistry were studied from January 2012 to December 2014. The male to female ratio was 2.25:1. The main presenting symptoms were pain abdomen and loss of appetite. The stage wise distribution of the cohort was as follows –2 patients of stage 1, 12 patients of stage 2 , 3 in stage 3 and 8 patients of metastatic disease( stage 4) . There were 21 patients who had locally advanced cancer at presentation. Histologically, all were adenocarcinoma, with 6 being signet ring and 7 poorly differentiated carcinoma. The treatment procured was as follows- 17patients were operated upon and 36 patients received chemotherapy. The regimens administered were as follows - ECF in 24 patients, Mc Donald's regime in 1 patient, DCF in 4 patients, Cisplatin +5 Fluorouracil+ Leucovorin in 3 patients, paclitaxel+carboplatin in 1 patient, FOLFOX in 1 and docetaxel +cisplatin in 2 patients. 5 patients didn't complete evaluation and received no treatment. Further studies are required to analyse the outcome of this dreaded malignancy in India.


The aim of this paper is to clarify to what extent the social changes occurred in Spain since 1975 could have affected the frequency of use of the phraseological units (PhU) with sexist and racist connotations. The data obtained from the analysis of four million pages from the newspaper ABC shows that the frequency of the PhU with a sexist connotation drastically diminished during a relatively short period of time. However, no such a decrease was observed regarding the PhU underlying racist stereotypes.


Submitted for the GEC05 Meeting of The American Physical Society Near IR Continuum Radiation From Metal Halide HID Lamps J.E. LAWLER, M.T. HERD, University of Wisconsin — A recent study demonstrated that the near IR continuum from pure Hg High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps is primarily due to electronatom bremsstrahlung over a pressure range from 8 bar to more than 200 bar [1]. The study compared absolute spectroradiometric measurements to radiation transport simulations using new (larger) electron-Hg atom bremsstrahlung coefficients. The absence of significant molecular radiation in the near IR from 230 bar Ultra High Pressure lamps was unexpected. Near IR losses from Metal Halide (MH) HID lamps are typically 20 to 30% of input power. A quantitative, microscopic understanding of these losses is very desirable since MH lamps are more and more widely used for general illumination. The near IR from MH lamps is emitted by the arc core. It is composed of a strong continuum, many weak atomic lines, and negligible molecular radiation. In an effort to understand the Near IR losses from MH lamps, we are mapping the spatial and spectral dependence of this radiation. The maps are being compared to radiation transport simulations. Additives provide most of the free electrons in MH lamps, and additive segregation complicates the analysis of near IR emission. Our approach to this problem and progress to date will be described. [1] J. E. Lawler, A. Koerber, and U. Weichmann, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., in press (2005). J. E. Lawler Univ. of Wisconsin Date submitted: 10 Jun 2005 Electronic form version 1.4


We present a blind comparison of two methods to measure the mean surface magnetic field strength of the classical T Tauri star CI Tau based on Zeeman broadening of sensitive spectral lines. Our approach takes advantage of the greater Zeeman broadening at near-infrared compared to optical wavelengths. We analyze a high signal-to-noise, high spectral resolution spectrum from 1.5 to 2.5 μm observed with IGRINS (Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrometer) on the Discovery Channel Telescope. Both stellar parameterization with MoogStokes (which assumes a uniform magnetic field) and modeling with SYNTHMAG (which includes a distribution of magnetic field strengths) yield consistent measurements for the mean magnetic field strength of CI Tau is B of ∼2.2 kG. This value is typical compared with measurements for other young T Tauri stars and provides an important contribution to the existing sample given that it is the only known developed planetary system hosted by a young classical T Tauri star. Moreover, we potentially identify an interesting and suggestive trend when plotting the effective temperature and the mean magnetic field strength of T Tauri stars. While a larger sample is needed for confirmation, this trend only appears for a subset of the sample, which may have implications regarding the magnetic field generation.


Communication is the lifeline to progress in any civilization and can be expressed verbally, literally, numerically or graphically. Graphic communication involves the use of symbology, via signs and symbols to convey messages to enhance visualization. In Papua New Guinea (PNG) the main form of communication before colonization (just before the First World War) was verbal or by "word-of-mouth". Verbal cartographic communication has been the norm and many societies describe metes and bounds or make references verbally. The receiver or map-user stores the verbal message as visualized temporal mental map and executes the instructions. The present generation in PNG is in a period of transition between the old and the new systems of communication. This paper emphasizes the importance of graphic communication in PNG. Traditional methods of space perception are discussed. Current status in general cartographic communication, cartographic institutions, their functions and datasets available in PNG are evaluated and discussed. Past methods, current practices and trends, Internet web mapping possibilities for spatial communication and education are analyzed. Optimal dissemination options are explored and proposed for graphic communication as a tool to complement literal and numeral communication to enhance spatial understanding and improve map literacy.


A new type of a heat pump driven three-stage lithium bromide liquid desiccant deep dehumidification processor is presented, which can dehumidify the outdoor humid air to a rather dry state, even when there is no available indoor exhaust air. The test results show that with an outdoor air temperature of 28 to 31℃ and an outdoor air humidity ratio of 11 to 14 g/kg, the supply air temperature and the supply air humidity ratio are 1.6 to 2.6 and 2.6 to 3.0 g/kg, respectively, and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the processor is 1.8. During the test, a liquid pipeline link problem leading to mixture losses of hot and cold liquid desiccants is found. These pipelines are modified. Then, the performance of the modified processor is investigated. And the experimental results show that with an outdoor air temperature of 25 to 32℃ and an outdoor air humidity ratio of 18 to 21 g/kg, the supply air temperature and the supply air humidity ratio are 3.2 to 4.0℃ and 3.4 to 3.6 g/kg, respectively, and the COP is 2.8. Finally, a mathematical model of the processor is established. The comparison of the simulation results and the test results of the processor exhibits that the pipeline modification improves the performance by about 20%.


Bilindiones and biladienones carrying aryl groups at the meso positions were prepared using coupled oxidation reactions of iron tetraarylporphyrins in 20-63% yield.


The thesis is ideally divided into two parts: the first focuses on the analysis of the bank system and, in details, of the European directive 2014/59/UE (s.c. BRRD); the second half is focused on the potential effects that the bail-in - core tool of the new law - could have on the relevant contracts and, therefore, on the market order which results therefrom. The study faces the issues of the relationships between the banks and the parties which do not hold any power of control on the bank management, upon implementation of the new law tools, together with the information asymmetry issue and the selective function of the contract. The thesis is closed by some perspective observations on the subjects thereof.


Shape analysis and compuational anatomy both make use of sophisticated tools from infinite-dimensional differential manifolds and Riemannian geometry on spaces of functions. While comprehensive references for the mathematical foundations exist, it is sometimes difficult to gain an overview how differential geometry and functional analysis interact in a given problem. This paper aims to provide a roadmap to the unitiated to the world of infinite-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, spaces of mappings and Sobolev metrics: all tools used in computational anatomy and shape analysis.


Abstract Objective: To demonstrate the types of clinical recommendations a pharmacogenomics pharmacist may make to medical clinicians with regard to medication management to improve therapeutic outcomes based on varied levels of medical literature evidence. Summary: This case demonstrates how a common type of patient seen in a pharmacist practice may present with a varied pharmacogenomic (PGx) profile, how they may benefit from PGx analysis, and how varying levels of medical literature evidence can be used with clinical decision making. Conclusion: PGx testing can help avoid adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or medication inefficacy by assisting in the adjustment of current or future medication doses. It can also help predict the best medications to use or those to avoid in advance by eliminating much of the existing dosing or medication selection method of trial and error.


Capital cities are gateways to countries or sometimes to broader political entities, such as Brussels for the European Union. They are also often major tourist destinations. A capital city has a symbolic value and is the political decision-making centre. Consequently, capital cities are places of power displayed through urban spatial development and often through heritage sites. This paper therefore looks at different capitals – new and old – to examine the use of 'capitalness' in their promotion on the Internet. The aim is to determine whether capital cities make a difference, by highlighting particular features and assets which are related to 'capital tourism' and the role of the city as national or supranational capital on their websites. More particularly, we examine the way in which these capitals promote tourism and the extent to which being a capital city actually plays a role in the choice of promoted sights and attractions. By means of a comparative study, this paper analyses the websites of capital cities and their 'capitalness' in terms of city branding.


The active control of the leading-edge (LE) separation on the suction surface of a stalled airfoil (NACA 0012) at a Reynolds number of 106 based on the chord length is investigated through a computational study. The actuator is a steady or unsteady jet located on the suction surface of the airfoil. Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations are solved on hybrid meshes with the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model. Simulations are used to characterize the effects of the steady and unsteady actuation on the separated flows for a large range of angle of attack (0<a<28 deg). Parametric studies are carried out in the actuator design-space to investigate the control effectiveness and robustness. An optimal actuator position, angle, and frequency for the stalled angle of attack a¼19 deg are found. A significant increase of the lift coefficient is obtained (+84% with respect to the uncontrolled reference flow), and the stall is delayed from angle of attack of 18 deg to more than 25 deg. The physical nonlinear coupling between the actuator position, velocity angle, and frequency is investigated. The critical influence of the actuator location relative to the separation location is emphasized.


Deterministic graph grammars generate a family of infinite graphs which characterise context-free (word) languages. The present paper introduces a context-sensitive extension of these grammars. We prove that this extension characterises rational graphs (whose traces are context-sensitive languages). We illustrate that this extension is not straightforward: the most obvious context-sensitive graph rewriting systems generate non recursive infinite graphs.


BACKGROUND Time‐in‐motion studies are validated means of determining efficiency and identifying sources of delay in a complex working environment. This analysis technique was applied to the dermatological surgical services provided by a university hospital department of dermatology. OBJECTIVE To identify any sources of low efficiency in dermatological surgical service provision and to make recommendations for increasing efficiency. METHOD Three types of dermatology surgical sessions were observed (consultant‐led procedure list, nurse‐led procedure list, and dermatology day‐surgery list). Activities of staff were noted every 2 minutes throughout the sessions, and the data were compiled for processing in Microsoft Excel. RESULTS The results show that treatment of dermatology patients with day surgery was less efficient and cost effective than the other settings. Consultant‐led procedure lists were the most efficient. Nurse‐led sessions were less expensive but also less efficient than the consultant‐led lists. Paperwork and generic communication were identified as major constituents of non‐operating time. CONCLUSIONS The most efficient setting for dermatological procedures is the consultant‐led procedure list. Paperwork and generic communication are identified as sources of service delay. Suggestions are made regarding possible solutions to these problems. We demonstrate the advantages of broad, objective appraisal of practice as opposed to numerical target‐driven approaches that fail to address specific aspects of efficiency. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.


Several research efforts over the last decade have attempted to augment the basic technology acceptance model (TAM) by identifying and testing determinants of the two key predictor beliefs of the model—perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use—and by identifying other extraneous variables that moderate various model relationships. This research is an attempt in the same direction. It addresses some key gaps and inconsistent findings in the TAM literature to further contribute to the refinement of TAM. In this endeavor, this research draws from social cognitive theory (SCT), computer self-efficacy (CSE), technology acceptance model (TAM), and the risk management literature to develop an extended TAM that includes new relationships between the model constructs and personal innovativeness and general and specific computer self-efficacy. The research will be conducted as a survey in the context of the personal digital assistant (PDA) technology.


$f(t)>r\}=\mu\{t;g(t)>r\}$ holds for each real number $r$. If we write $f\sim g$ , when $f$ and $q$ are mutually equi-measurable, it is observed easily that the relation $\sim$ is an equivalence relation on the space $\mathfrak{M}$ of all measurable functions on $E$. As is shown in [14], the concept of equi-measurability plays an important r\^ole in the theory of functions of real variables. Now let $X$ be a linear space consisting of real-valued measurable functions, which is semi-normal in the sense of Nakano [11], $i.e$ .


Vaccine cold chain is a procedure that is used to keep vaccines at a certain temperature. The aim was to describe the vaccine cold chain management of basic immunization program in health centers district. The study design descriptive observational. The samples was Health Centers (HCs); 12 HCs in Sarolangun Jambi Province, 16 HCs in Brebes Central Java Province, and 24 HCs in Temanggung Central Java Provice. Basic immunization vaccines were BCG, DPT-HB-HIB, Polio, and Measles. The results showed proportion of officers graduated from college in Sorolangun, Brebes, and Temanggung were 66.7%, 81.3%, and 52.0% respectively. Proportion of HC that did not have thermometer and fridge freeze was mostly found in Temanggung (52%) and in Sorolangun (91.7%). The heat-sensitive vaccines arranged near the evaporator mostly found in Temanggung (88%), while freeze-sensitive vaccines prepared away of the evaporator mostly in Brebes (100%). Freezer temperature recording chart is not available mostly found in Sorolangun and Brebes (50%), In Sorolangun 41.7% of the officers monitoring 2 times a day and mostly (91.7%) the refrigerator thermostat tape was not isolated. The officers did not perform daily maintenance (50%), weekly (66.7%), and montly (33.3%) mostly found in Sorolangun. From this study we can conclude there is no vaccine immunization program management in Sarolangun, Brebes, and Temanggung that managed according to Ministry of Health Regulations number 42/2013 on the Implementation of immunization. Improvement oversight, control over management of vaccine and management personal, also managing the temperature of the vaccine were recommended.


In this paper, we approach the study to shed light on the relationship between multi user's movement and influence through vision-based technology, gamification, and Granger Causality (GC). This research utilizes GC test in a gamified mo-cap system, named MocaBit, in order to figure out whether player's personal movement and influence affect each other with specific time-lag. As a result, it turned out that user's velocity and curvature have statistically affected other user's actions.


The crystal and molecular structures of the title complex has been determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. It is monoclinic, with the space group Pn, Z=2 (including 4 metal atoms), a=28.90(2), b=10.251(4), c=5.981(1) A, and β=94.68(3)°. Both of the metal atoms, Sc(1) and Sc(2), have the hexa-coordinated octahedral geometry, being coordinated to four sulfonato oxygen atoms as well as to two water oxygen (Sc(1)) or to two hydroxide oxygen atoms (Sc(2)). Any pair of the neighboring metal atoms along the b-axis are bridged by two sulfonato ions, forming an infinite chain structure; however, the Sc(2)–O bond lengths (2.307(10)–2.556(19) A; average, Sc(2)–O (sulfonate), 2.422; Sc(2)–O(OH−), 2.394 A) are much longer than the Sc(1)–O lengths (2.031(7)–2.150(8) A; average, Sc(1)–O(sulfonate), 2.055; Sc(1)–O(H2O), 2.122 A).


This paper focus on how spatial hierarchies become a bridge between the concepts 'space' and 'space syntax', and how it helps space syntax theory to find out the relationships between social interactions and space, and finally in the situation of modernized era today, analyze the importance of space syntax theory.