Vacuum melting in zirconia, cold crucible nonconsumable arc melting, and powder extrusion were used for the consolidation of chromium and chromium alloys, using an electrolytic chromium containing 0.5% oxygen and 0.03% nitrogen. The cast ingots were forged, warmworked and recrystallized to a controlled grain size. Some ingots were extruded at low temperatures to achieve greater reductions of grain size. Grain size was shown to have a small influence on the ductile- brittle transition temperature for this type of chromium. Heat treatment is very effective, under some conditions, in reducing the transition temperature, particularly when it reduces the yield stress. A theoretical analysis has been made to correlate these observations with the theory of the ductile-brittle transition. High recrystallization temperatures and resistance to grain growth above 1200 deg C characterized some of the extruded alloys. These alloys had high strengths at temperatures of 900 deg and above. It was shown that nitrogen alone is not responsible for the brittleness of chromium, whether in solution or as a precipitate. This has been confirmed by an analysis of previous work, which showed in each case that some other factors more » may have been responsible for the deleterious effects attributed to nitrogen. Strain rate appeared to have little effect on the ductility of chromium. Strain aging occurred to some extent in all alloys (including the titanium stabilized) and caused the maximum strengths to be found at 550 deg C. There appeared to be a correlation between a reduction of the yield stress and a reduction of the ductile-brittle temperature for one alloy, but it was shown that some methods of raising the yield stress do not raise the transition temperature. By analogy with the problem of ductility in steel at low temperatures it is believed that a more complete understanding of the interplay of grain size, heat treatment, and composition will be necessary before further advances can be made. (auth) « less


The accident at the Chernobyl-4 RBMK reactor near Kiev in the USSR on 26 April 1986 is described. The characteristics of the RBMK reactors are compared to those of CANDU reactors. Certain insights on the assessment of severe accidents in CANDU reactors are drawn frurn the Chernobyl-4 accident. In particular. the importance of the design of the safety shut down systems in CANDU is recognized. The most significant lesson from the Chernobyl-4 accident is that primary respon sibility for the safety of a nuclear power plant must lie with the operating utility itself, and all managers and operators must be fully conscious of their responsibility for worker and public safety. and building, the deaths of 31 plant and emergency workers, a major release of radioactivity, the evacua tion of 135,000 people from a region within 30 km of the plant, and a significant collective dose of radiation to the population of the USSR and other parts of Europe. The impact of the accident on world-wide public attitudes to nuclear power has been negative, as would be expected. Moreover, a number of nuclear power projects and commitments have been delayed or post poned and others threatened with cancellation. In this situation, it is incumbent On those in various countries who recognize the present and potential future benefits of nuclear power to assess the acci dent at Chernobyl and to learn from it. In this way, they can ensure that their own reactor technologies and reactor safety practices provide high confidence that the benefits of nuclear power can continue to be gained at acceptably low risks to operators and to the public. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate certain severe accident scenarios in CANDU reactors in the light of the Chernobyl reactor accident. No claim is made for completeness of the assessments presented here; rather they are representative of assessments in the areas of CANDU safety in which the author has some experience and with which he is familiar. It is hoped that the insights gained will contribute to the necessary on-going process of learning from the Cher nobyl accident.


This paper is devoted to the stimulated-emission spectroscopy of Nd/sub 3//sup +/ ions in the IR region corresponding to two lasing channels in disordered fluorite phases based on CdF/sub 2/, and the trifluorides of gadolinium and lutetium. Synthesis conditions are found and single crystals of the nonstoichiometricfluorides Cd /SUB 1-x/ (Gd,Lu) /SUB x/ F /SUB 2+x/ with Nd/sup 3 +/ ions and a fluorite structure are grown. Stimulated emission of the activator ions are excited in these phases at 300 degrees K in two lasing channels.


In the past 10 years, the treatment options for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) underwent some major changes. After relying on injectable interferon-beta preparations for quite some time, the advent of the first monoclonal antibody, natalizumab, followed by the first oral drug, fingolimod, improved the outcome of these patients and the possibilities to treat them more individually quite dramatically. With alemtuzumab now, the second monoclonal antibody was approved in December 2014.


Securitised financial flows to emerging market economies have become an important feature of the global capital flows. The principal focus of this paper is on an in-depth analysis of current trends in securitised financial flows. It lays special emphasis on private portfolio equity investment into the emerging market economies. The paper begins with the analysis of the process of stimulation of these flows, and identifies the institutional, structural and non-cyclical factors behind them. One of the points it emphasises is the progressively important role of institutional investors, which is the causal factor behind a significant increase in the quantum of portfolio investment into the emerging market economies. These flows were adversely affected by the financial crises of the 1990s. The subject matter of this paper also includes two of the most important policy issues, namely, the "hot money and cold money" issue and the volatility issue.


Based on the function of water resources and theories of water resources ecological footprint, this paper is aimed to introduce a water resource ecological footprint framework system and calculation model for eco-environmental footprint by taking Xi'an City as a case study.In proceeding with our work, we have also calculated the water resource ecological footprint while studying the statistical data of Xi'an City between 2001 to 2007 with the above said model and the methods of scale, structure and comparison as our stressful tools.The results of our study reveal that more attention we have so far attached to is the treatment of wastewater pollution but less attention is paid to the acid rain pollution control in Xi'an.Besides, sewage, farming sewage irrigation and acid rain pollution prove to be the three main consumption items in the water resource ecological footprint in the city.Statististically speaking, sewage pollution accounts for 0.548 9 hm~2 /person, whereas that used for farming irrigation takes 0.031 9 hm~2/person, which constitutes the two most significant consumption ways of the water resources ecological footprint on the contribution of the declining water quantity in the landmass;the proportion of aquatic products consumption in water resources eco-footprint are ever-increasing on the whole in Xi'an paticularly for the recent few years, while the proportion of domestic water consumption has been found with no much change in producing sewage in comparison with other water consumption channels in water resources ecological footprint. According to the above findings, a series of sustainable development countermeasures against water resource waste are proposed in this paper, including adjustment of water resources management stress, enlargement and strengthening of wastewater treatment in width and depth, rigid enforcement of energy-saving and environmental protection policy, and improvement of industrial water and agricultural water consumption with efficiency stress, etc.


1 Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Rice University Houston, TX 77005 email@example.com The idea of signal transduction provides the necessary link between a stimulus from the external environment of a cell, and the intricacies that occur among its intracellular components. The proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of a cell assist in this transduction in that they act as molecular antennae, capturing the initiating external stimulus and transmitting its effects to the cell cytoplasm. Albeit many molecules can freely pass through the cell membrane, those that are effectively excluded by this semipermeable barrier would have no way of communicating with the cell interior without the process of signal transduction. Consequently, many pivotal biochemical pathways would be completely hindered and the life of the organism affected would cease. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is one of the most significant signaling systems used by an organism to elicit a variety of responses at the cellular level. This unique pathway is thought to be directly responsible for regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, all of which are vital for the existence of life. Even though the basic regulatory steps have been delineated, many fascinating features of this pathway are only beginning to emerge. The conventional study of signal amplification, which has historically encompassed the analysis of ligand interaction with cell membrane receptors, can be slightly modified to incorporate mechanical stress as the initiating component in the signaling pathway. Studying signal transduction in light of mechanical stretching may help enhance the understanding of pathway-initiating mechanisms in a way that can be applicable to mechanical manipulation of the extracellular matrix and plasma membrane domains. Such manipulation is seen in vivo, with normal physiological muscle contraction, as well as in vitro, with concentric and eccentric muscle stretching maneuvers. Furthermore, tracing the stimulus of cell stretching all the way to gene transcription demonstrates that many proteins from different families are involved in facilitating the activation of MAPKs. Theories on integrin signaling show how cell stretching induces the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), leading to the release of Ca2+ ions which are then sequestered by integrins. These active integrins may then activate focal adhesion kinases (FAK), which constitutes a major initiating pathway to activating MAPKs. Alternatively, integrins may immediately be activated by their associations with the extracellular matrix, which then activate FAK in a similar fashion. The dominance of ionic over mechanical activation is still unknown, and a combination of these mechanisms may contribute to the initiation of MAPKs. Observation of cell spreading and growth, two characteristics of activating MAPK pathways, can prove to verify the effects of mechanotransduction in muscle stretching. While the hypothetical models presented here provide a logical synthesis of concepts in signal transduction, the complexity surrounding the field leads to the idea that an intricate interplay of chemical processes within the world of the cell exists. The mediators of these processes include, but are certainly not limited to, integrin activation via calcium binding or dimerization of its subunits.


Primary hyperaldosteronism is a common cause of resistant hypertension. Aldosterone is produced in the adrenal by aldosterone synthase (AS, encoded by the gene CYP11B2). AS shares 93% homology to 11&bgr;-hydroxylase (encoded by the gene CYP11B1), responsible for cortisol production. This homology has hitherto impeded the development of a drug, which selectively suppresses aldosterone but not cortisol production, as a new treatment for primary hyperaldosteronism. We now report the development of RO6836191 as a potent (Ki 13 nmol/L) competitive inhibitor of AS, with in vitro selectivity >100-fold over 11&bgr;-hydroxylase. In cynomolgus monkeys challenged with synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone, single doses of RO6836191 inhibited aldosterone synthesis without affecting the adrenocorticotropic hormone–induced rise in cortisol. In repeat-dose toxicity studies in monkeys, RO6836191 reproduced the adrenal changes of the AS−/− mouse: expansion of the zona glomerulosa; increased expression of AS (or disrupted green fluorescent protein gene in the AS−/− mouse); hypertrophy, proliferation, and apoptosis of zona glomerulosa cells. These changes in the monkey were partially reversible and partially preventable by electrolyte supplementation and treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. In healthy subjects, single doses of RO6836191, across a 360-fold dose range, reduced plasma and urine aldosterone levels with maximum suppression at a dose of 10 mg, but unchanged cortisol, on adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge, up to 360 mg, and increase in the precursors 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol only at or >90 mg. In conclusion, RO6836191 demonstrates that it is possible to suppress aldosterone production completely in humans without affecting cortisol production. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01995383.


Dynamic characteristics of melt spinning, the most important process in synthetic fibers manufacturing has been investigated by conducting a simulation. The governing equations of one-dimensional model comprising the continuity equation, the equation of motion, the energy equation, and the constitutive equation of the materials, have been solved for different material constants and different operating conditions to find out the effect of the industrially important operating variables on the spinline dynamics. This kind of prediction through a simulation provides valuable information to the productivity improvement of melt spinning, i.e., process stability and product quality. Specifically, in this study we evaluated how the spinning process is influenced by the characteristics of viscoelastic fluids and the operating conditions such as spinning velocity, cooling conditions, spinning distance, and so forth.


The intent of this supplemental online issue of the American Journal of Public Health is to provide a broad view of various topics pertaining to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), its implementation, its effect, and problems that remain to be addressed. The articles included here are successful in achieving this goal. As would be expected, many of the articles focus on the impact of the ACA on particular vulnerable populations, but there is also discussion of the need for public education on what is available and on what remains to be done to fill in remaining gaps in health insurance coverage.

The article by Greer and Mendez1 provides an international context for the ACA and provides a perspective that is relevant to the controversies that have surrounded the ACA. This article reminds us that universal health coverage, a goal that the ACA moves toward but does not fully achieve, is redistributive, tends to be favored by left-leaning parties, and is very difficult to take away once it has been provided.


Organisms respond to proteotoxic stress by activating a cellular defense mechanism, known as the heat shock response (HSR), that triggers the expression of cytoprotective heat shock proteins (HSP) to counteract the damaging effects of proteostasis disruption. The HSR is regulated by a family of transcription factors (heat shock factors, HSFs); among six human HSFs, HSF1 acts as a proteostasis guardian regulating acute and severe stress-driven transcriptional responses. Seasonal coronaviruses HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 (sHCoV) are globally circulating in the human population. Although sHCoV generally cause only mild upper respiratory diseases in immunocompetent hosts, severe complications may occur in specific populations. There is no effective treatment for sHCoV infections, also due to the limited knowledge on sHCoV biology. We now show that both Alpha- and Beta-sHCoV are potent inducers of HSF1, selectively promoting HSF1 phosphorylation at serine-326 residue and nuclear translocation, and triggering a powerful HSF1-driven transcriptional response in infected cells at late stages of infection. Despite the coronavirus-mediated shut-down of the host cell translational machinery, high levels of selected canonical and non-canonical HSF1-target genes products, including HSP70, HSPA6 and the zinc-finger AN1-type domain-2a gene/AIRAP, were found in HCoV-infected cells. Interestingly, silencing experiments demonstrate that HSR activation does not merely reflect a cellular defense response to viral infection, but that sHCoV activate and hijack the HSF1-pathway for their own gain. Notably, nuclear HSF1 pools depletion via Direct-Targeted HSF1 inhibitor (DTHIB) treatment was highly effective in hindering sHCoV replication in lung cells. Altogether the results open new scenarios for the search of innovative antiviral strategies in the treatment of coronavirus infections.


In this paper we present the design of digitally controlled 150 W synchronous boost converter with application as high power LED driver. Usage of GaN FETs provides higher efficiency compared with traditional solutions incorporating MOSFET transistors. Design claims 12 V input voltage and output up to 35 V. Due to relatively high frequency (310 kHz), it achieves good performance at small dimensions. Digital regulator built with STM32F334 microcontroller allows easy control of output power by voltage or current stabilization. The converter can be controlled by digital encoder or serial interface.


Support Vector Machine (SVM) implicitly maps samples from the lower-dimensional feature space to a higher-dimensional space, and designs a non-linear classifier via optimize the linear classifier in the higher-dimensional space. This paper proposed an improved SVM method based on feature extension and feature selection. The method explicitly maps the samples to a higher-dimensional feature space, perform the feature selection in the space, and finally design a linear classifier with a selected feature set. This paper illustrated the reason why the generalization ability is improved by this technique. The experiment results on benchmark datasets show that the improved SVM greatly decreases the error rate compared with other classifiers, which proves the feasibility of the proposed SVM.


When A via crucis do corpo was published in 1974, journalistic criticism did not spare the writer Clarice Lispector, until then consecrated by the hermetic and intimate text. Veja and Jornal do Brasil, two important vehicles of the Brazilian press, condemned the writer for abandoning the language and the theme that designed her, yielding to the guidelines of the editor Alvaro Pacheco, from Artenova. The fact is that, even in the face of the circumstances in which the work was conceived, on demand and in a few days, writing about sex, it is possible to observe a metalinguistic plan or Clarician literary project, according to studies by Benedito Nunes and Vilma Areas.


If furniture industry wants to make developing strategy, it must make a completely and thoroughly analysis to it's special inside and outside environment. This article mads an analysis to furniture enterprises with SWOT method and brings forward strategy to furniture enterprises .


Form and space are inseparable. Existence of form justifies the formation of space. Likewise, the shape also defines visual characteristics of building as well as it has a great influence on building energy demand. The thermal load of any building mostly depends upon climatic and physical parameters associated with the building itself. In this article, the comparison is done between thermal loads i.e. heating load and cooling load of hypothetical cuboid model with different A/V ratios. This research aims to search relation between the exposed envelope area to A/V ratios and their effect on energy demand. Through the findings of this research, it is expected that it could help to ease the doubt on choosing the efficient shape in this specific climate. Upon survey of households, it is found that electricity consumption in Itahari is higher in summer than in winter which is also reinforced from simulation results. This signifies the extreme need for a reduction in cooling load. Therefore, Using simulation-based correlational research strategy and inductive logic, this research indicates that a reduction in (AT-Ex/V) ratio is beneficial to reduce cooling energy demand in that given climatic and physical parameters. Findings conclude that (AT-Ex/V) ratio is directly proportional to energy demand in specific climatic conditions of Itahari, where (AT-Ex/V) is a total exposed envelope area including the base area of a building. Keywords— Envelope area, simulation, A/V ratio, heating


Long, character-marked furniture cuttings are easily obtained when low-grade (2A and 2B Common) yellowpoplar lumber is first ripped into strips and then crosscut to remove objectionable defects. Overall yields of character-marked material using this procedure were 78 % from 1 Common and 2A Common and 70% from 2B Common yellow-poplar lumber. Furthermore, 82% of the 1 Common cuttings, 61% of the 2A Common cuttings, and 35% of the 2B Common cuttings were longer than 50 inches.


As design rule shrinks, it is essential that the capability to detect smaller defects should be improved. In this paper, extreme tiny poly-residue defects are found after poly-etch process. In order to improve the signal to noise rate, poly-residue is detected and monitored by using KLA 29XX BBP inspection system post poly-etch process. Finally, the recipe is optimized by using NanoPoint to remove the noise of poly grain. The purpose of these studies is to capture defects more efficiently and also provides a new way to reduce noise. After defect detecting failure models of these defects were established and the effective defect reduction actions were carried out.


Method for evaluating the user of interest is based on a digital image recording unit of at least the user is performed by at least partially data-processing system. The method includes receiving a defined user interest, it receives the content criteria set associated with a predefined user interest, from a digital image recording unit, the digital image recording set each having an image feature which conform to the content criteria Identify. Characteristic trend of interest associated with the predefined user interest is evaluated based on at least a digital image recording or analysis results of the feature set. Characteristic trend of interest associated with the user interest defined in memory readable by the processor.


China is conducting a lunar exploration mission named "Chang'e project". The goal of the exploration mission is to obtain the drilling core without breaking the original geological information. Since the characteristics of drilling object in lunar exploration mission are different from the soil on the earth, efforts should be greatly made on special sampling methods, sampling drills and the appropriate sampling strategies. Herein, we proposed a novel drilling and coring method, in which a soft-bag is mounted in a rotary-percussive drill for lunar soil sampling. In the process of lunar soil drilling, the driving parameters of several moving units are strongly coupled. The moving units should work cooperatively in order to acquire high coring rate and low power consumption. The relationship between the coring quantity and the drilling parameters will be discussed through experiments. The research showed a clear correlation between rotary drilling torque, sample quantity and rev-feed ratio under specific lunar soil conditions.


Objective To investigate the effect of different concentrations of manganese(Mn) on the relative expression of β-AS gene in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.Methods The transplants of one-year-old G.uralensis were subjected to five concentrations of Mn(0,1.81,18.1,36.2 and 54.3 mg/L) culturing in vermiculite.Real-time PCR was used to measure Ct vaule and work out the relative expression quantity of β-AS gene in different concentrations of Mn.Results The expression of β-AS gene of G.uralensis showed increasement with the increasement of concentration of Mn,and reached the highest 12.43 under 18.1 mg/L Mn treatment.There was very significantly difference between18.1 mg/L concentration of Mn treatment and CK,36.2 mg/L and 54.3 mg/L(P 0.01),and 2.79,1.47,2.88 times respectively.Conclusion Mn was provided with certain promoted function to the expression of β-AS gene,and the appropriate concentration of Mn treatment could significantly increase the relative expression quantity of β-AS gene of G.uralensis.


To reduce energy dissipation and area of SAR ADC,energy dissipation of capacitor arrays in different types of charge redistribution SAR ADC's was discussed based on theory analysis and Matlab modeling,as well as passive element matching theory.Based on analyses of conventional charge redistribution structure and two recently published low-power structures,a novel conversion approach combining dual sampling with unit scalable capacitor method was proposed.Compared with previous structures,this novel structure can obviously reduce area of SAR ADC and energy dissipation of internal D/A conversion network.It is also easy for process implementation and very suitable for low power SoC applications.


AIM: To investigate the effects of genistein (GST) and 17 βestradiol (E 2) on the spatial learning and memory in ovariectomized rats and their mechanism of action. METHODS: Forty adult Sprague Dawley female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the Sham ovariectomized (Sham), the ovariectomized (OVX), the E 2, the GST higher dosager (GST h) and the GST lower dosage (GST L). Using Morris water maze, the change in spatial learning and memory function and the effects of GST and E 2 were observed in the ovariectomized rats, acetylcholinesterase (Ache) activity was assayed spectrophotometrically in respective brain areas: Frontal cortex and hippocampus, and the effects of GST and E 2 on Ache activity were examined. RESULTS: Sever weeks after ovariectomy(OVX) resulted in the decrease in learning and memory in female rats. The escape latency of the OVX group was significantly increased compared with that in the Sham group (88.9±35.1) s vs (51.7±36.9) s, P 0.05, and the frequency of memory in the OVX group was significantly decreased (18.7±2.7) vs (24.9±4.5), P 0.05. A significant increase in AchE activity was found in frontal cortex and hippocampus in the OVX group in comparison with their respective regions of the Sham group (286.7±27.8) μkat/L vs (245.6±36.1) μkat/L, (363.9±46.1) μkat/L vs (275.8±52.8) μkat/L, P 0.05, P 0.01. Replacement therapy for 6 weeks, the E 2 group showed a significant change in the escape latency and the frequency of memory as compared with the OVX group (57.3±21.7) s vs (88.9± 35.1) s, (25.5±5.4) vs (18.7±2.7), P 0.05, P 0.01. The frequency of memory in the GST L group was significantly decreased compared with that in the OVX group (22.7±2.0) vs (18.7±2.7), P 0.05. The GST (higher andlower dosager) group and E 2 group showed a significant change in AchE activity as compared with the OVX group, and the AchE activity was significantly dereased in the in frontal cortex and hippocampus ( P 0.01 ). The GST and E 2 significantly inhibited the decrease of spatial learning and memory and the increase of Ache activity in frontal cortex and hippocampus induced by OVX. CONCLUSION: The GST and E 2 significantly inhibited the decrease of spatial learning and memory due to OVX, which may correlate with the decrease of acetylcholine's activity in the brain.


At present,the 122 m deepwater jack-up drilling platform is becoming a hot spot for global oil companies to compete investing and building,in which the modes of JU2000 E designed by Friede Goldman Company are the most advanced.Through statistical analysis of different design models of 122 m deepwater jack-up drilling platform,which are already set up or are being setting up all over the world,and comparison on four main design models being setting up currently,it is concluded that this type of platform can meet the urgent development in our country at present.At the same time,the characteristics of future new generation of selfelevating drilling platform has been summarized,which can provide reference for selection of jack-up drilling platform in the future.


Ten years ago the international community pledged to protect civilians from genocide, ethnic cleansing, war crimes, and crimes against humanity by endorsing the responsibility to protect (R2P) doctrine. Yet today, horrific violence against civilians continues in places like Syria, Iraq, and South Sudan. This article examines some of the progress and gaps in the international community's efforts to better protect civilians against mass violence over the past decade. It proposes two emerging directions for advancing the R2P agenda in the coming years: 1) greater focus on upstream prevention, and 2) increased support for locally-led peacebuilding and prevention actors and capacities.


Objectives: Outdoor workers are exposed to thermally stressful work environments. In this study, heat stress indices for harbor workers in summer were calculated to evaluate thermal comfort based on a human heat balance model. These indices are Physiological Subjective Temperature (PST), Dehydration Risk (DhR), and Overheating Risk (OhR) according to respective stage of cargo work in a harbor. In addition, we constructed a forecast system to provide heat stress information. Methods: Thermophysiological indices in this study were calculated using the MENEX model (i.e. the human heat balance model), which used as inputs the meteorological parameters, clothing insulation, and metabolic rate for each stage of cargo work in the harbor of Masan over the course of seven days, including a four-day heat wave. The forecast heat stress information constructed for Masan harbor was based on meteorological data supported by the Dong-Nae Forecast from the KMA (Korea Metrological Administration) and other input parameters. Results: According to higher metabolic rate, thermophysiological indices showed a critical level. In particular, PST was evaluated as reaching the 'Very hot' or 'Hot' level during all seven days, despite the heat occurring over only four. It is important in a regard to consider the work environment conditions (i.e. labor intensity and clothing in harbor). On a webpage, the forecast thermophysiological indices show as infographics to be easily understand. This webpage is comprised of indices for both current conditions and the forecast, with brief guidance. Conclusion: Thermophysiological indices show the risk level to health during a heat wave period. Heat stress information could help to protect the health of harbor workers. Further, this study could extend the applicability of these indices to a variety of outdoor workers in consideration of work environments.


of poisoning the use of a dose of a narcotic three times the medium therapeutic dose qualified for an act of self-poisoning being regarded as suicidal. I still think that for the time being a non-fatal act of self-damage falling into the above definition should be described as attempted suicide and a fatal one as suicide. Attempted suicides should be sub-classified or graded according to their †̃¿ lethality' (2) and other criteria. In the proposed operational definition, suicidal acts of various degrees of dangerousness are viewed as parts of a continuum in which the relatively harmless to the almost certainly fatal can be placed. Terms like †̃¿ parasuicide', †̃¿ pseudocide' (@)or †̃¿ suicidal gesture' tend to deny or at least to obscure this fundamental fact for which there is ample clinical evidence.


In May 2013, legislation was passed in New York State that required all acute care hospitals to implement protocols for detecting and treating patients


The coordination of a team made by a set of mobile robots involves several challenges since, given a task to be accomplished by the team, the mobility of each robotic unit is often constrained by several factors. Connectivity is one of the most important factors. Cooperating robots must keep connected for many reasons: to plan a working strategy, to coordinate movements and actions, to re-configure the network in case of unexpected events. This paper describes a fully distributed coordination strategy expressly targeted to the maintenance of the connectivity among mobile robots. The proposed approach is based on the periodic broadcast of state information, which is used to drive the mobility strategies of nodes. The team uses a leader/follower organization, where leaders have to move toward predefined locations to perform the given task, while Followers have to coordinate to maintain the global network connectivity, i.e., the multi-hop connection between leaders. The proposed scheme is analyzed to derive its formal properties, and simulation results are presented to show the protocol behaviour under different working conditions.


Panel A shows massive obesity of the lower legs of a 64-year-old woman. Note the bilateral symmetric, nonpitting swelling of the legs with sparing of the feet, which can be mistaken for lymphedema. In Panel B, a radionuclide lymphangiogram taken 30 minutes after the injection of 99mTc-labeled human albumin demonstrates normal lymphatic vessels and regional lymph nodes with prompt cephalad migration of the radionuclide. In Panel C, transaxial (above) and coronal (below) magnetic resonance images confirm the presence of diffuse subcutaneous fat deposits without the accumulation of free fluid. The irregular high-intensity subcutaneous signals on the coronal images represent venous . . .


One aspect of the invention relates to a semiconductor device and relates to a manufacturing method, and more particularly, to three-dimensional vertical channel-shaped memory device and a method of manufacturing the same, including an array of memory cells. Memory device according to one embodiment of the invention because not only may have a channel length of a few hundred nanometers without requiring expensive lithographic processes as it is capable of vertically stacked structure can implement an organic memory device of high density to low-cost solution process which provides an effect.


The ongoing pandemic has made everyone extremely conscious of space, both as a reality and a metaphor. In light of this, this article takes a critical approach to the construction of space in the discourse of "impact" and "public engagement," using parallels with the study of Russian culture in the twentieth century to argue that attempts to overcome a perceived barrier between academics and non-academics can serve to essentialise and reinforce this division.


From the standpoint of retrieval from large software libraries for the purpose of bug localization, we compare five generic text models and certain composite variations thereof. The generic models are: the Unigram Model (UM), the Vector Space Model (VSM), the Latent Semantic Analysis Model (LSA), the Latent Dirichlet Allocation Model (LDA), and the Cluster Based Document Model (CBDM). The task is to locate the files that are relevant to a bug reported in the form of a textual description by a software developer. We use for our study iBUGS, a benchmarked bug localization dataset with 75 KLOC and a large number of bugs (291). A major conclusion of our comparative study is that simple text models such as UM and VSM are more effective at correctly retrieving the relevant files from a library as compared to the more sophisticated models such as LDA. The retrieval effectiveness for the various models was measured using the following two metrics: (1) Mean Average Precision; and (2) Rank-based metrics. Using the SCORE metric, we also compare the retrieval effectiveness of the models in our study with some other bug localization tools.


Haptic interaction algorithm of virtual objects under force is a key issue for haptic interaction between human and computer in virtual environment.The challenges of haptic interaction algorithm were analyzed.Eleven typical haptic interaction algorithms were discussed.Based on the analysis,the merits and the disadvantages of these algorithms were compared.Finally,the developing tendency of haptic interaction algorithms in future was pointed out.


Using experimentally obtained specific material properties, a numerical finite element model of a hollow cylindrical structure was designed and experimentally verified. A wall of sandwich composite comprised facesheets from wound glass fibre and polyvinylester resin and a core from recycled paper hexagonal honeycomb impregnated with polyvinylester resin. This model was used to determine the optimal geometrical arrangement of hollow cylindrical structure stiffness elements to supply the stiffness and strength properties with the largest efficiency of fibre reinforced plastic volume usage. It was determined that the cylinder diameter had a significant influence on the arrangement of the stiffness elements only if the diameter has relatively low value.


Objective: To investigate the role of thrombus precursor protein (TPP) in the monitoring of anticoagulation after mechanical heart valve replacement. Methods: TPP and INR were compared between the coagulant group and control group. In the coagulant group, TPP and INR were also compared between the patients with atrial fibrillation and the patients without atrial fibrillation. The relationship between TPP levels and INR levels in 60 cases of anticoagulated patients was analyzed by linear regression. Results: It was found that the anticoagulant therapy could effectively decrease the level of TPP and increase the level of INR. In the anticoagulant group, the patients with atrial fibrillation had higher TPP level than other patients. No significant relationship was found between TPP levels and INR levels. TPP level in the patients with bleeding complications was far lower than 6 μg/ml. Conclusion: TPP is a very valuable monitoring marker assisting INR. Patients with atrial fibrillation may require higher anticongulant intensity. INR and TPP should be tested at the same time in the patients receiving oral anticoagulation after mechanical heart valve replacement.


The water cycle in atmospheric and coupled models is a major contributor to model uncertainty, in particular at high-latitudes, where contrasts between ice-covered regions and the open ocean fuel intense heat fluxes. However, observed atmospheric vapour concentrations do not allow us to disentangle the contributions of different processes, such as evaporation, mixing, and cloud microphysics, to the overall moisture budget. As a natural tracer, stable water isotopes provide access to the moisture sources and phase change history of atmospheric water vapour and precipitation.

Here we present a unique dataset of stable isotope measurements in water vapour and precipitation from the IGP (Iceland Greenland Seas Project) field campaign that took place during February and March 2018. The dataset includes simultaneous measurements from three platforms (a land-station at Husavik, Iceland, the R/V Alliance, and a Twin Otter aircraft) during winter conditions in the Arctic region. Precipitation was collected on an event basis on the research ship, and along two north-south transects in Northern Iceland, and analysed at two stable isotope laboratories. Airborne vapour isotope data was obtained from 10 flights covering a large geographic range (64 °N to 72 °N). Careful data treatment was applied to all stable isotope measurements to ensure sufficient data quality in a challenging measurement environment with predominantly cold and dry conditions, and characterised by strong isotope and humidity gradients. Data quality was confirmed by inter-comparison of the vapour isotope measurements both between ship and aircraft, and between the aircraft and Husavik station.

We exemplify the value of the observations from the analysis of several flights dedicated to the study of the atmosphere-ocean interactions, from low-levels legs and vertical sections across the boundary layer during Cold Air Outbreak (CAO) conditions. The precipitation in Northern Iceland collected at the precipitation sampling network shows clear co-variation with the upstream water vapour measurements at Husavik station, indicative of the wider spatial representativeness of the isotope signals. The land-based snow and vapour measurements are furthermore consistent with the isotope composition in upstream ocean regions sampled by the research vessel, and as linked from aircraft measurements.


The objective of this work was to study the effects of both Klason lignin (KL) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) on in vitro neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestion (IVNDFd) i n an effort to assess if acid labile phenolic compounds affect the rate of degradation ( k d). Eighty five forages (lucerne, maize silages and grasses) were analyzed for NDF, ADL, KL and IVNDFd (6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 96 h fermentations were used for k d estimations). Correlations were estimated among li gnin types (KL vs . ADL), lignin and extent of IVNDFd, and lignin type and NDF kd and tested for significance. Within and among all forage types, the correlation between ADL and KL was in general positive when on NDF basis and high and positive when on DM basis (0.77 to 0.90). Within and among all forages, only ADL was consistently negatively correlated with IVNDFd at all time points (-0.54 to -0.94). Co rrelations among forages for NDF kd and lignin type were not consistent. Among all forages, KL was negativel y correlated with IVNDFd and NDF kd. The correlation between IVNDFd and ADL increased as fermentation length increased among all forages. However, the correlation of KL and IVNDFd was greatest up to 48 h of fermentation suggesting that the soluble pheno lics affected both the rate and extent of IVNDFd. Unlike ADL, KL disappeared during IVNDFd, and in most forages there was a high negative correlation assoc iated with the difference between KL and ADL ( �L) and IVNDFd, except for brown midrib hybrids maize and early cut grasses that had a different behaviour. Am ong


In both laboratory and natural populations there exists a complicated relationship of the organisms with their environment. In the laboratory, many physical factors, such as temperature, humidity, amount of food, space, and population density, can be controlled so that fitness differences between populations may be attributed to genetic differences between them. Carson (1958, 1961) chose total population size as a measure of relative fitness among populations and found differences in the relative fitness of populations shortly after the modification of their gene pools. Cannon (1963a, 1963b) pursued the study further to determine what type of changes in the gene pools would lead to a change in relative fitness. Fitness is rapidly enhanced by the addition of wild-type genomes into mutant populations, whereas the reciprocal experiment of mutant genomes in wild-type populations is followed by a slower fitness increase. However, the hybrid populations are superior in fitness to both parental populations and a balanced polymorphism is established. The present paper deals with further data collected from the study of 23 populations reported in Cannon (1963a, 1963b). They were collected at the same time the genetic experiments were carried out, and the study is twofold in purpose. It shows what effect modification of certain physical factors of the environment can have on various aspects of population fitness and it shows what other fitness parameters compose the relative population fitness.


In the paper m method formulas are acquired from the elastic pile' differential equation concerning many factors such as pile outcropping or not outcropping all kinds of boundary conditions of the top and bottom of piles.Meanwhile a solution has been found to the stressed type of piles under random loads at free length which is much more in line with practical load.


International Journal of Anatomy, Radiology and Surgery. 2020 Jan, Vol-9(1): RO01-RO05 INTRODUCTION Trauma is a major cause of death and disability in both developed and developing countries and it alone is responsible for number of deaths under 45 years of age [1]. As clinical examinations solely are unreliable; therefore imaging evaluation is mostly required in patients with blunt multitrauma. In a patient of blunt trauma brought to the emergency, a full assessment of injuries at the time of admission cannot be made with certainty. There are high chances of missing the injuries at clinical examination and radiography with a resultant delay in definitive diagnosis and treatment [2].


Chilli seeds are always associated with physiological dormancy characteristics or endogenous dormancy that has affected their germination potential. Problems noticed on the low seed germination rate, vigour growth, further may lead to the poor seedling growth pattern of chilli crop production. Gibberellic Acid (GA3) which is usually used as a treatment solution is not a new advent of seed dormancy breaking methods for chilli. But, looking forwards to a better GA3 concentration is still needed for the discovery of this treatment potential effect on chilli seed germinability and seedling growth. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different GA3 concentrations on seed emergence and seedling growth performance in chilli. In this experiment, chilli seeds were imbibed with 25 mg/L, 75 mg/L and 125 mg/L concentration of GA3 with three replications each; for 24 hours at room temperature (32±4°C) and the untreated seeds as a control. The data collection on final germination percentage was taken daily for 21 days after sowing. While the 15 germinated seeds were directly planted on the 5 polybags arranged in the net house of Junaidy Jonik Farm, Sabah, Malaysia. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance with SAS version 9.4 and the significant means were separated by the least significant difference test at P<0.05. Significant differences were observed in the seed germinability measured; germination rate index (GRI), mean germination time (MGT) and final germination percentage (FGP), as well as on seedling vigour index (SVI) between treated and control seeds. Conversely, plant height, number of internodes, number of leaves and fresh weight of seedlings showed no significant differences among treatments. It was concluded that the use of GA3 was able to enhance chilli seeds germinability and could display a better SVI than the control. It is recommended to use GA3 treatment at 25 mg/L of concentration, as it may give an advantage to both economic and biological importance in producing higher germinability and seedling growth performance in chilli.


The local control of the primary breast cancer in metastatic patients yields a survival benefit attributed to the reduction of the tumor cell load and activation of the immune system. Clinical studies do not firmly support this theory and oncologists and oncological surgeons are facing dilemmas in the management of these patients. In this paper, we review the optimal patient profile as well as the type and timing of surgery for primary tumor resection of metastatic breast cancers.


Memantine hydrochloride is a new member of the adamantane family and likewise, it shares the non-chromophoric structural feature characterizing these compounds. It is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. In this work, we present two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods for its determination. Method I is based on forming a coloured binary complex with Bromocresol Green (BCG) in potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer (P H 3) which are extracted into chloroform and have absorption maxima measured at 420 nm, while method II uses its reaction with picric acid in chloroform to form a yellow coloured ion pair complex. Which are extracted in the chloroform and have measured at 430 nm. Regression analysis showed good linearity over the concentration ranges of 3-18 and 5-30 μg/mL for method I and II respectively with correlation coefficient values >0.999. The applicability of the proposed methods was evaluated through the analysis of tablets and satisfactory recoveries were obtained. Moreover, the statistical comparison of the obtained results with those of the reference method revealed no significant differences. Thus, the simplicity and high sensitivity of the proposed methodologies can verify their suitability for the routine analysis of memantine hydrochloride in its tablet formulations.


In 1982 Johnny Mathis inadvertently revealed his homosexuality during what he thought was an off-the-record interview. The notion that Mathis was sexually "closeted" is insufficient for understanding his career. Mathis, who debuted in 1956, authored a sexually elusive persona that relied strategically on a non-threatening sexual image to curb the "threat" he posed to white audiences. He also conveyed an ambiguous sexual romanticism with room for heterosexual and homosexual audiences to project their desires onto him without having to engage with his sexuality. Analyzing press coverage and various career documents reveals how sexual elusiveness was central to his commercial allure.


Pit mud plays an important role in the fermentation of Luzhou-flavor liquor, It is a common problem for Luzhou-flavor liquors when the mud is aging and the fragrance is not prominent.Choose high quality mud, Inoculating the mash extract as a mixed bacterial solution in sodium acetate medium, Anaerobic culture method to increase the activity of anaerobic microorganisms, Increase hexanoic acid production; Characterization of hexanoic acid by color reaction of copper sulfate diethyl ether, Determination of hexanoic acid by gas chromatography, Its output is in the range of 1.5g/Lto 3.6 g/L, This is the production of mud maintenance liquid, Technical support is provided to prevent aging of the mud and improve the fragrance of the main body.


Reason for Withdrawal

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Modern public communication systems provide means by which infrared spectra and auxiliary physical and chemical information can be transmitted to remote locations quickly and without error. JCAMP-DX is a proposed standard form for such communications which has been evolving since FACSS-83. Infrared instrument manufacturers are expected to provide software for conversion to and from JCAMP-DX and their own internal representation of spectra. Several have already written preliminary versions of such software for test, and testing itself is underway. This project is sponsored by the Joint Committee on Atomic and Molecular Physical Data (JCAMP) with the support of the infrared instrument manufacturers.


The problem we are interested in is the restoration of nuclear medicine images acquired by a gamma camera. In a previous paper the authors have developed a wavelet based filtering method enabling to remove one of the major sources of error in nuclear medicine, namely Poisson noise. The purpose of this paper is to show how the restoration algorithm has been improved by introducing the point spread function as additional constraint in the restoration of the wavelet coefficients and choosing the regularization constraint in the object space. We describe a new restoration algorithm where filtering and deconvolution are coupled in a multiresolution frame. The performances are illustrated with simulated data and phantom images.


Preface 1. The Holy Roman Apostolic Church 2. Heresy, Schisma and Dissent 3. Joyce's own Crisis of Belief 4. Loss of Religion in Retrospect: From Epiphanies to Exiles 5. You behold in me a horrible example of freethought 6. After Ulysses Conclusion Select Bibliography Index.


Metal-oxide based bipolar Resistive RAM (RRAM) is one of the most promising candidates for the future non-volatile data storage. Due to unique properties e.g., small footprint, ability to modulate resistance states in wide ranges dynamically, hysteresis and CMOS compatibility, RRAM can be a fruitful candidate for analog circuit design. However, the recent literature only scratches the surface of this interesting prospect. In this paper, a single RRAM behavior is studied under temperature, voltage and process variations from an analog design standpoint. A comparative study is performed between two analog circuits namely, Common Source (CS) amplifier and differential amplifier with traditional passive resistors and with passive resistors replaced by RRAM along with two other design examples, namely constant <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$g_m$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="saki-ieq1-2938440.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> biasing circuit and active low-pass filter, where RRAM can be integrated into analog circuits. Our study shows that blind swapping of passive resistors with RRAM in analog circuits can actually degrade the performance metrics. We propose techniques such as usage of RRAM Low Resistance State (LRS) to recover the loss. We also note that hyperbolic I-V characteristics of RRAM can inherently improve the linearity of RRAM based analog designs. Simulation results indicate that RRAM based amplifiers can achieve 2X area reduction, about 1.5X higher bandwidth with only <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx 9\%$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>≈</mml:mo><mml:mn>9</mml:mn><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="saki-ieq2-2938440.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> reduction in gain. The resistance modulation property of RRAM is applied to realize a source degenerated amplifier with reconfigurable linearity, to a constant transconductance bias circuit to avoid resistance trimming and to design a programmable active low pass filter.


"Captured" in the hands of twenty-first-century structural biologists, "life itself" is taking on new form. The current trend towards molecularization in the life sciences is revealing that "life itself" is denser than the one-dimensional logic of a genetic code: it has a multidimensional material body, and its molecular structures, forces, and movements carry out the regulated work of the cell. Researchers are no longer satisfied reducing the organism to the coding systems embedded in computer software (e.g. Harrison, 2004); the organism now has a mechanical architecture, and its molecular mechanisms have come to resemble the many kinds of machines with which we currently live and work (see also Keller 1995; Fujimura 2005). These include electronic circuitry, and the levers, switches, hinges, springs, locks, and clamps of modern day mechanical devices. These are the molecular machines that populate what is fast becoming the factory-floor of the cell...


Background: This study was performed to determine the effects of liposome-encapsulated bee venom (BV) treatment of inflammatory factors in atopic dermatitis (AD) compared with BV treatment.Methods: AD was induced by phthalic anhydride in mice and the effects of BV liposomes were measured. Using Leica Application Suite, thickened epidermis and dermis were measured after BV liposome treatment (0.05 and 0.1 μg/mL). The number of stained mast cells and the concentration of immunoglobulin (Ig)E were measured. Serum IgE concentration was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, and IL-6 inflammatory cytokines were measured. The levels of messenger ribonucleic acid expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, was analyzed on western blot. To measure the transcriptional activity (NF-κB inhibition by BV liposomes), western blots (p65, p-IκB, p50, and IκB) were also performed.Results: The weight of lymph nodes, serum IgE concentrations, morphological changes in the skins from the backs of the mice, and mast cell numbers in inflamed tissues were noticeably lower in the BV liposome treatment group compared with the BV treatment group. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-4, IL-6) and chemokines (TSLP, CCL22) were also reduced. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-ERK and p-p38), and transcriptional activity (p65, p-IκB, p50, and IκB) was strongly suppressed in the BV liposome group.Conclusion: BV liposomes may have a better therapeutic effect than BV for the treatment of AD.


The cooling of portable electronic devices has become paramount in the last number of years due to the simultaneous increase in power consumption and reduction in package size. This has lead to an increase in the amount of heat that needs to be dissipated by these devices. Passive cooling techniques will no longer provide an adequate solution and therefore active cooling solutions need to be implemented. The use of miniature radial fans in conjunction with heatsinks is a possible solution. These types of fans are especially suited as they can be deployed in a low profile format. However, little is known about the aerodynamic effects of reducing the fan scale and therefore Reynolds number to the extent necessary for use in portable electronic device cooling. This paper looks to quantify deviation of aerodynamic performance with Reynolds number from that predicted by the fan laws. Before tests were carried out experimental facilities were calibrated. Four radial fans with diameters of 80, 40, 18.3 and 10mm were then tested at a number of different rotational speeds with measurements of pressure rise and flow rates recorded for each of these speeds. The measurements presented show the need for a homogonous experimental setup with the exact conditions replicated each time a test is carried out. Results also show that there is good correlation between the experimental results for pressure rise and flow rate at high Reynolds numbers in accordance with trends from high Reynolds number theory. However at the lower Reynolds numbers a fundamental change in flow phenomena emerges which alters the maximum pressure and flow characteristics.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Clostridium autoethanogenum is an industrial microbe used for the commercial-scale production of ethanol from carbon monoxide. While significant progress has been made in the attempted diversification of this bioprocess, further improvements are desirable, particularly in the formation of the high-value platform chemicals such as 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD). A new, experimentally parameterised genome-scale model of C. autoethanogenum predicts dramatically increased 2,3-BD production under non-carbon-limited conditions when thermodynamic constraints on hydrogen production are considered.


A hybrid structure of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) and a Pt thin film are employed to fabricate a new Pt NP/Pt thin film/GaN-based Schottky diode-type ammonia sensor. Pt NPs are formed by a drop coating and UV illumination approach. The increased surface-area-to-volume ratio and "spillover" effect of Pt NPs are beneficial in ammonia sensing. Due to the synergistic catalytic activity of Pt NPs and Pt thin film, the studied device shows good ammonia sensing properties, including a high sensing response of 522.1 under 1000-ppm NH3/air gas at 473 K and an extremely low detecting level of 0.4-ppm NH3/air. A thermodynamic analysis is employed to study the related ammonia sensing mechanism. Furthermore, a Kalman filter and the related algorithm are introduced to effectively reduce the redundant data without affecting the original sensing results. Based on the good performance and advantages of a relatively simple structure and easy fabrication, the studied device is promising for ammonia sensing and wireless transmission applications.


The present paper describes the effects of pressure and post-mortem aging treatments on in situ proteasome activity in rabbit and bovine skeletal muscles. Synthetic peptide hydrolyzing activity of rabbit proteasomes remained in the muscle after exposure to pressures up to 100 MPa. However, when a pressure of 400 MPa or more was applied, proteasomes were markedly inactivated. The extraction of proteasomes from excessively pressurized muscle appeared to be difficult. Proteasomes in aged muscle remained relatively stable throughout the aging process, with activity after 168 h (7 days) being 35%, 48%, 53% and 31% of the 0 h post-mortem LLVY, LSTR, AAF and LLE total hydrolyzing activities, respectively. The synthetic peptide hydrolyzing activities of bovine muscle proteasomes were similar to those of rabbit skeletal muscle proteasomes. The results suggest that synthetic peptide hydrolyzing activity remains in muscle exposed to relatively low pressures. Furthermore, it is known that high-pressure treatment induces fragmentation of myofibrils, modification of actin-myosin interaction and activation of intramuscular proteinases, cathepsins and calpains. Thus, proteasomes are probably involved in the tenderization process in combination with other intramuscular proteinases under high-pressure conditions. Our findings confirmed that proteasomes play a role in meat tenderization induced by high-pressure treatment or aging.


A BEM-type tube and shell heat exchanger's strength is analyzed by 3-D finite element method, and was found its strength is not solid enough for design code. Based on the features of normal operation load case with high temperature, and two liquid pressure load cases with high pressure, firstly, a recommendation of making a decreased-thickness tubesheet was presented, and then,based on improved structure, a project having adding strengthen ribs between flange and shell passes though strength check under all three load cases. Hereby, a reasonable structure improvement of heat exchanger was made.


An analysis is given of the main factors affecting the strength of joints made between machine elements by the method of interference fitting. The effect of temperature, and the fitting together of elements made of materials with different elastic properties, are included. Graphs for joint design are presented. The design method leads to joints of minimum weight for a given joint strength, and therefore promotes economics in material. Order from BSRA as No. 48,984


Diamino-diphenyl sulphone (DDS) was given to three patients with Behcet's disease. One patient was treated with DDS for orogenital ulcers, cutaneous symptoms and arthralgia. The other two were being treated with oral corticosteroid, and DDS was added. In all cases, DDS therapy improved cutaneous manifestations of Behcet's disease, and enabled a lowering of the dosage of oral corticosteroids in one case.


Provided are an outer cylinder for a hydraulic shock absorber having excellent productivity, and a method for molding the outer cylinder for a hydraulic shock absorber. The outer cylinder for a hydraulic shock absorber is provided with an intermediate body (20) and an outer case main body (10A). The intermediate body (20) has continuous reinforcing fibers knitted (textile-processed) in a tubular form. The outer case main body (10A) is molded from a polyamide resin that is a thermoplastic resin that forms irregularities on the outside of the intermediate body (20) while impregnating the intermediate body (20). Textile processing is a process for assembling, weaving, or knitting fibers to produce a flat or tubular fabric, cord, etc.


Diabetes mellitus is a complex and a diverse group of disorders that disturbs the metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein. The number of diabetes mellitus cases has been increasing worldwide in recent years. In 2000, the world health organization estimated a total of 171 million of people with diabetes mellitus from the global population, and this report projected to increase to 366 million by 2030 (Wild et al., 2004). With a long course and serious complications often resulting in high deathrate, the treatment of diabetes spent vast amount of resources including medicines, diets, physical training and so on in all countries. Thus searching for a new class of compounds is essential to overcome diabetic problems. There is continuous search for alternative drugs (Syamsudin, 2010). ISSN: 2319-7692 Volume 2 Number 2 (2013) pp.15 19 http://www.ijcmas.com


The invention concerns a composite with a substrate and a layer, consisting essentially of pure sp - and sp -hybridized carbon, which has a first surface facing the substrate and a second, exposed, surface. The invention also concerns a method of manufacturing the composite. The aim of the invention is to improve adherence to the substrate and to minimize internal stresses, while maintaining high surface hardness. This is achieved by virtue of the fact that the layer is graded in nature, the proportion of sp -hybridized carbon increasing towards the second, exposed, surface. The method proposed for manufacturing the composite calls for a layer of carbon to be applied, using PVD techniques, to a substrate in such a way that, during manufacture, the pulse input into the layer is either continuously or discontinuously increased as the thickness of the layer increases.


We comment on the recent results from the Tevatron experiments in the W+jets channel and consider some models as the possible underlying physical theories. We also list some channels for further studies.


Sulfamate and its derivatives have a range of biological activities. One‐pot cyclocondensation of alkenes (1a–i) with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate generates β‐lactams. β‐Amino acid derivatives (2a–i) from β‐lactams were synthesized. Then, these highly reactive compounds were opened with MeOH to produce the corresponding sulfamate derivatives in good yields. The inhibitory effects of the novel sulfamate derivatives were tested on human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes (hCA I and hCA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α‐glycosidase (α‐Gly). Novel sulfamate derivatives showed Ki values in the range of 23.81–42.97 nM against hCA I, 8.95–52.23 nM against hCA II, 8.10–45.51 nM against AChE, 23.16–81.84 nM against BChE, and 14.02–48.68 nM against α‐Gly. As a result, the novel sulfamate derivatives had potent inhibitory effects against both isoenzymes. Overall, due to the inhibitory effects of the novel sulfamate derivatives on the tested metabolic enzymes, they are promising drug candidates for the treatment of diseases like glaucoma, epilepsy, leukemia, Alzheimer's disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which are associated with high enzymatic activity of the indicated metabolic enzymes.


This article introduces the configuration of softwares and hardwares of OPEN-3000 Auto-dispatching System in Hubei Power Grid.It describes the characteristics and Functions of the front-end subsystem,SCADA subsystem,AGC subsystem and PAS subsystem.These softwares perform an important role in advancing the Hubei power grid auto-dispatching system application level.


Objective:To explore the clinical value of MEG for epileptic lesion localization before surgery in patients with intractable epilepsy. Methods: MEG, Video-EEG and MRI were performed in 47 cases with intractable epilepsy before surgery. ECoG in surgery was taken as the "golden standard", comparing the rate of coincidence with ECoG between MEG and VEEG. The factors that influence the localization of MEG were determined through Logistic analysis. Results: In all cases,MEG was coincident to ECoG wholly in 32 cases (68%) and 8 cases (17%) partly coincident; VEEG was coincident with ECoG wholly in 18 cases (38%) and 23 cases (49%) partly coincident) MEG localization was more accurate than VEEG (P0. 05). The seizure frequency did influence MEG localization in logistic analysis (P 0. 05). Conclusions: MEG is helpful for detecting epileptogenic lesion before surgery and the choice of surgical method. It shows important clinical value in pre-surgery evaluation of patients with intractable epilepsy.


The utility model relates to a novel large load single side bent plate chain. Chain links are connected in sequence to constitute the novel large load single side bent plate chain, each link comprises an outer chain plate, an inner chain plate, a bent plate, a pin shaft and a roller, the outer chain plates and the inner chain plates are installed on one sides of the pin shafts successively, the bent plates are installed on the other sides of the pin shafts successively, two mounting holes connected with a conveying plate are evenly distributed in the upper surface of each bent plate, and each roller is sleeved outside each pin shaft. The novel large load single side bent plate chain is characterized in that an outer edge is installed on one side of each roll and is arranged on one side of each bent plate. The novel large load single side bent plate chain is reasonable in design, the rollers and the conveying plate are fixedly installed together through the mounting holes in the bent plates to constitute a double row chain, wherein the rollers are provided with the outer edges, so that the chain is effectively prevented from breaking away from a track during a traction process, the chain is enabled to work on the track all the time during the traction process, work stability of the chain is improved, and the novel large load single side bent plate chain can be widely applied to the mining environment of large load conveying.


This paper considers the M/G/1 queueing system with N-policy and a replaceable repair facility in which the "repair facility subject to breakdowns" is introduced.By introducing into the "generalized repair time" of the service station, "generalized service time" of the customer and "generalized busy period" of the repair facility,we discuss the queueing indices of the system and the reliability indices of the service station.Meanwhile,the emphasis is upon obtained some reliability indices of the repair facility,such as the unavailability and the expected replacement number during(0,t]by using the total probability decomposition technique and the Laplace transform.Furthermore,some numerical examples are also given.Finally,we discuss the optimum policy N* and give an numerical example under the assumed cost structure model.


Objective To investigate the changes of NF-κB expression in different time after the experimental traumatic brain injury in rats,and to explore its relationship with the brain damage time. Methods Based on Feeney's method,the rat model of cerebral contusion was established.At 1 h,4 h,12 h,48 h,72 h,7 d,14 d after brain injury,the expression of NF-κB was detected by Western blot.Eight rats without brain injury were chosen as controls. Results The expression of NF-κB was found at 1 h after injury,increased at 4 h,peaked at 12 h,and returned to the level of controls at 14 d.Little expression was found at 7 d,but still higher than that of the controls. Conclusion Sequential changes of NF-κB expression after cerebral contusion suggest that the expression of NF-κB may be served as a marker for early diagnosis and timing of cerebral contusion in forensic practice.


The importance of liquidity constraints as one of the main entry barriers to entrepreneurship has been recently put in question. Hurst and Lusardi (2004) show that the probability of transition to entrepreneurship is inelastic along most of the wealth distribution. They interpret this finding as evidence that wealth holding is not an important determinant of entrepreneurship. This paper challenges this view. I estimate a life cycle model of occupational choice that includes human capital heterogeneity, which generates a flat transition probability profile with respect to wealth. However, I show the shape of such aggregate relationship cannot be interpreted as evidence of the lack of liquidity constraints in the economy, but as the result of the optimal decisions of agents with different levels of human capital and assets within a cross-section. Moreover, quantitative analysis suggests higher credit constraints characterize better the data for the U.S. economy. Thus, these results imply wealth is a key element of the occupational decision at the individual level.


This research took three different soils in the typical root underground habitats in karst areas as the examples(TypeⅠ—dolomite level occurrence multilayer space types,Type Ⅱ—dolomite tilt occurrence multilayer space types and Type Ⅲ—dolomite vertical occurrence multilayer space types).The effect of the different types and different level on soil microbial biomass,the changes of the soil nutrient contents and soil enzyme activity were analyzed.The results showed:(1) the effect of the different plant root underground habitats and different spatial soil levels on soil microbial biomass was extremely significant(p0.01);(2) soil microbial biomasses in three types were extremely significant different(p0.01),it decreased with the decrease of soil level,the microbial environment of typeⅠwas poor,TypeⅡ was better,and Type Ⅲ was between the former two;(3) typeⅠ could promote carbon cycle to a certain extent,type Ⅱ benefit was conducive to organic carbon cycle,Type Ⅲ was good for phosphorus supply and the oxidation of organic matter.The objectives of this research,are to explore the underground root habitat and its soil conditions,and provide the basis for evaluation of the soil fertility under the same conditions,and the research for vegetation restoration.


The objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of a Land Surface Model (LSM) for drought analysis in Korea. For evaluating the applicability of the model, the model was calibrated on several upper dam site watersheds and the hydrological components (runoff and soil moisture) were simulated over the whole South Korea at grid basis. After converting daily series of runoff and soil moisture data to accumulated time series (3, 6, 12 months), drought indices such as SRI and SSI are calculated through frequency analysis and standardization of accumulated probability. For evaluating the drought indices, past drought events are investigated and drought indices including SPI and PDSI are used for comparative analysis. Temporal and spatial analysis of the drought indices in addition to hydrologic component analysis are performed to evaluate the reproducibility of drought severity as well as relieving of drought. It can be concluded that the proposed indices obtained from the LSM model show good performance to reflect the historical drought events for both spatially and temporally. From this point of view, the LSM can be useful for drought management. It leads to the conclusion that these indices are applicable to domestic drought and water management.


Active learning can reduce the human effort required for labeling training samples while preserving the performance of visual classifiers. However, existing active learning frameworks cannot be used to perform visual classification of industrial product surface defects because they still require intensive manual annotation efforts. In this study, we propose a cost-efficient autolabeling-enhanced active learning (ALEAL) framework to reduce the human annotation effort required for surface defect visual classification. The proposed ALEAL framework employs a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) as a visual classifier trained from an initial set of human-labeled training samples. Then, the collected unlabeled training samples are input into the classifier for category confidence estimation. Next, a novel diverse cost-effective query strategy (DCEQS) is proposed to select some high-confidence samples for autolabeling and some informative samples for sample proposals that need labeling. Subsequently, to further reduce the human annotation effort, a novel autolabeling module is proposed and introduced in ALEAL that can automatically label a portion of the informative unlabeled training samples selected by the DCEQS. In this study, a novel attention-based similarity measurement network (ASMN) is proposed as an implementation of this autolabeling module by measuring the similarity between unlabeled and labeled samples. Finally, the remaining unlabeled samples are annotated by human experts, and all the newly labeled samples are used to retrain the classifier. Through the autolabeling process from the DCEQS and ASMN, ALEAL can automatically label additional training samples and achieve a competitive performance while requiring few human-labeled training samples, which is highly important in industrial applications. Extensive experimental results show that, compared with popular active learning methods, ALEAL can dramatically reduce the effort involved in human annotation and achieve state-of-the-art cost efficiency for the visual classification of industrial product surface defects.


A proposal was recently made (Redhead & al. in Taxon 55. 2006) to conserve the name Boletus applanatus Pers., and a neotype was selected for it. However, two externally almost indistinguishable species occur in Europe: Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. as commonly understood, and G. adspersum (Schulzer) Donk. In this paper we examine the selected neotype of Boletus applanatus and determine that it conforms to the current European concept of G. applanatum rather than to the superficially similar G. adspersum.


The investigation was carried out at Sheep and Goat Breeding Station, State Board of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture in Agargouf, 25 km west of Baghdad, during May, 2009 to June, 2011. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare reproductive performance characteristics between local Awassi and Turkish Awassi breeds (150 ewes each breed group). The two flocks reared under semi-intensive production system, were better feeding under sanitary control out of diseases, and suitable housing were provided. The rams joined ewes during mating season of 2009/2010. Early embryonic mortality, fertility (percentage of ewes lambed out of ewes exposed to rams), twinning percentage (number of ewes bearing twins, expressed as a percentage of the ewes that lambed), lambing percentage (number of lambs born per ewes exposed to rams), mortality (lambs died expressed as percentage of lambs born), prolificacy at lambing (lambs borne per ewes lambed), prolificacy at weaning and total weights of lambs weaned per ewe exposed. Imported Turkish Awassi ewes had significantly (p<0.01) surpassed local Awassi ewes by 11.3% in lambing percentage (114.6% vs. 103.4%).Imported Turkish Awassi ewes had significantly (p<0.01) surpassed local Awassi ewes by 15.3% in lambs weight/ewe lambed at weaning (25.35 kg vs 23.72 kg). It was concluded that imported Turkish Awassi ewes were superior to Iraqi Awassi in many physiological and reproductive traits under semi-intensive System so that It was recommended to distribute Turkish Awassi breed for accelerated lambing in semi-intensive production. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ


Data on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) measured in surface sediment and cores in the New York/New Jersey Harbour under the Contamination Assessment and Reduction Project (CARP) was examined via Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), which revealed six sources. Two represented the higher and lower molecular weight (MW) fractions of coal tar and/or creosote (pyrogenic) sources and explained 49% of PAH mass in the sediment samples. Two sources were related to uncombusted petroleum (petrogenic) sources, such as heavy fuel oil and crude oil, and explained 30% of PAH mass. The final two sources were related to combustion (pyrogenic) sources such as gasoline‐ and diesel‐fuelled vehicles and explained 21% of the PAH mass. Sediment cores revealed that Σ22PAH increased from the pre‐industrial period until about 1980 and then decreased because of efforts to control water pollution via mechanisms such as the Clean Water Act.


Monitoring and fault diagnosis plays a key role in improving the reliability, availability and productiveness of wind turbine systems. When a wind turbine is subjected to multiple faults, it is even more challenging to identify and classify the faults. In this paper, multi-linear principal component analysis (MPCA) is employed to extract the significant features of a wind turbine for the purpose of fault classification of multiple faults. Simulations and validations are performed in terms of faulty data sets generated by a 4.8-MW wind turbine benchmark system subjected to two actuator faults.


Quantum mechanical ab initio calculations of cornerand edge-sharing cluster interlinking in binary As/Ge-S glass formers were performed using HyperChem Realise 7,5 program. The average formation energies (AFE) of clusters with respect to single pyramid-like AsS3/2 and tetragon-like GeS4/2 building blocks were calculated. It was shown that AFE associated with the number of Lagrangian constraints per atom would explain the adaptability of chalcogenide glass-forming backbone to structural self organization.


The rank of two taxa of Aquilegia L. from Europe (Italy, Greece), originally established as subspecies, is raised to species level (E. Nardi), and the name A. paui Font Quer is formally lectotypified (J. Molero & Ll. Sáez).


Picking to compile work is the foundation vocational work that the resources in realization college library were reasonably organized and are mixed work, and his work is technical with work in an organic whole simultaneously, and the heavy and trifling repetition work greatly influenced library picking compiling work efficiency. Becoming the simple books purchases inviting tenders and purchases and processes the vocational work and invites tenders for the books, and at the same time optimizes to pick to compile the work distance traveled by a stream of water, and can lighten that the library in college picks the pressure to compile work greatly, and raises picking compiling the quality and efficiency of work, and promotes the entire work image and the standard of college library.


The results of pollen morphology studies of 9 European Rubus species are presented in this paper ( R. apricus , R. armeniacus , R. divaricatus , R. fabrimontanus , R. gracilis , R. hirtus , R. laciniatus , R. nessensis and R. pedemontanus ). The examination is made by SEM observation for first time and also by LM. All examined pollen grains are small, isopolar and tricolporate. All grains, except for R. armeniacus and R. gracilis tend to have very long colpi. Equatorial bridges constricted, make the pores unvisible in most of the species. R. apricus , R. armeniacus , R. gracilis and R. pedemontanus have the equatorial bridges stretched therefore the dark whole was only the trace of existing endoaperture. The sculpture of the grain confirms striate pattern and the orientation of the muri indicates the differences between the species; R. pedemontanus and R. fabrimontanus appear to have long, compact muri, parallelly orientated to the colpus; R. nessensis appears muri meandrically orientated, reminiscent of "finger prints" pattern with distinct thickenings in the place of connection and numerous narrow grooves with perforations. R. hirtus appears to have striate-scabrate sculpture because of granular elements (punctae) dispersed between the muri on all over the grain like the internal part of the exine. Shape and size turned out to be a poor criterion for identifying species.


A green building has a long lasting benefit through cultivating the occupants' energy and resource-saving behaviours. To understand how green buildings can cultivate occupants' pro-environment behaviours, the research applied the value–belief–norm model to investigate 17 pro-environmental behaviours which are related to a variety of green building design strategies. Two green and two non-green certified office buildings in the city of Shenzhen in China were surveyed, based on which structural equation modelling was established to confirm the relationship between personal values, environmental beliefs and norms that lead to pro-environment behaviours. Green and non-green building occupants showed significant differences in altruistic values, environmental awareness, personal norms, and pro-environmental behaviours. Green building users had more frequent pro-environmental behaviours than those in non-green buildings. The strategies that require fewer additional efforts were more likely to be adopted as pro-environmental behaviours, such as meeting daily needs within walking distance and adjusting sunshades, while the strategies that need extra physical efforts (taking stairs) or knowledge (garbage sorting) were less likely to be adopted as pro-environmental behaviours. This study pointed out important intervention opportunities and discussed the possible design implications for green building guidelines and programmes to cultivate green occupants and their corresponding pro-environmental behaviours.


This paper examined the meaning that family narratives planned by post-war poets. They took families that exposed their fear and anxiety of death and families that were faced with a crisis of dissolution as important subject in their poetry.
The father appears in a variety of guises in post-war poetry. Bak Inhwan introduces a powerless father. This father is the poet's medium for denouncing the violence of an era that brought about the division of the subject. Kim Suyeong's introspection on the position of the father is ultimately a criticism of familialism, and this is connected to a criticism of the nationalistic system that produces familialism. On the other hand, that father in the works of traditionalist post-war poets is a traditional patriarch. They take on the roles of fathers who supervise the perfect family community order.
However, the mother in Bak Jaesam's works sturdily supports that narrative of loss created by the absence of the father. Through the mother, the poetic self on the one hand overcomes a crisis of existence, and on the other hand depicts a new family order. The family motif in Kim Jongsam's poetry is characterized by the fact that it shows an open family narrative that accepts a suffering other into a new family.


Purpose: Tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cells show promise for cancer immunotherapy. This phase I study evaluated immunization with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with mannan-MUC1 fusion protein (MFP) to treat patients with advanced malignancy. Experimental Design: Eligible patients had adenocarcinoma expressing MUC1, were of performance status 0 to 1, with no autoimmune disease. Patients underwent leukapheresis to generate dendritic cells by culture ex vivo with granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 4 for 5 days. Dendritic cells were then pulsed overnight with MFP and harvested for reinjection. Patients underwent three cycles of leukapheresis and reinjection at monthly intervals. Patients with clinical benefit were able to continuewith dendritic cell-MFP immunotherapy. Results:Ten patients with a range of tumor types were enrolled, with median age of 60 years (range, 33-70 years); eight patients were of performance status 0 and two of performance status 1. Dendritic cell-MFP therapy led to strong T-cell IFNg Elispot responses to the vaccine and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses at injection sites in nine patients who completed treatments. Immune responses were sustained at 1 year in monitored patients. Antibody responses were seen in three patients only and were of low titer. Side effects were grade 1 only. Two patients with clearly progressive disease (ovarian and renal carcinoma) at entry were stable after initial therapy and went on to further leukapheresis and dendritic cell-MFP immunotherapy. These two patients have now each completed over 3 years of treatment. Conclusions: Immunization produced T-cell responses in all patients with evidence of tumor stabilization in 2 of the 10 advanced cancer patients treated. These data support further clinical evaluation of this dendritic cell-MFP immunotherapy. Dendritic cells as vectors for antigen delivery are a major focus of cancer immunotherapy. Early clinical studies have used diverse strategies, including the ex vivo loading of autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells with antigens (synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins in melanoma, prostate, gastrointestinal, lung and breast cancer; refs. 1–6), with tumor cell lysates (in kidney and prostate cancer; refs. 7, 8), with DNA (9) or RNA (10), and with dendritic cell/tumor cell coinjection (11) or fusions (12). Patient benefit in these studies has been infrequent and inconsistent (reviewed in ref. 13), indicating the challenges to be surmounted if cellular therapy is to become clinically relevant. We now report clinical and laboratory outcomes of a phase I clinical trial using monocyte-derived dendritic cells loaded with a mucin 1 (MUC1) VNTR recombinant protein conjugated to oxidized mannan [mannan-MUC1 fusion protein (MFP)]. The MUC1 antigen was chosen as it is highly and abnormally expressed with aberrant glycosylation by many epithelial tumors including breast, colon, kidney, lung, esophageal, stomach, and ovarian cancer. On normal tissues, low level expression of heavily glycosylated MUC1 is restricted to the apical cell surface facing the lumen of ducts and glands (14). Preclinical studies of the recombinant (not glycosylated) MUC1 antigen in mice indicated a particular advantage of conjugation to oxidized mannan, with enhanced stimulation of cellular immune responses (15). Unique features of mannan-conjugated antigen include targeting the complex to the mannose receptor of dendritic cells. Oxidized mannan rapidly traverses the endosome to deliver conjugated proteins (e.g., MUC1 VNTR) to the class I presentation pathway (16). However, in prior phase I clinical trials when MFP was injected (i.m., s.c., or i.p.) into >100 patients with advanced metastatic MUC1 adenocarcinoma, while no toxicity was noted, there was a predominance of antibody-mediated, rather than cellmediated, immunity and no clinical responses were observed Cancer Therapy: Clinical Authors'Affiliation:AustinResearch Institute, andMedicalOncologyUnit, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne,Victoria, Australia Received 7/22/05; revised11/13/05; accepted11/16/05. Grant support: The Austin Research Institute, AusIndustry START grant GRA02245; PRIMA BioMed Ltd., Kew,Victoria, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Research Fellowship (B. Loveland); and National Health and Medical Research Council CJMartin Research Fellowship, Australia (V. Apostolopoulos). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges.This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with18 U.S.C. Section1734 solely to indicate this fact. Requests for reprints: Bruce Loveland,The Austin Research Institute, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia. Phone: 61-3-9287-0666; Fax: 613-9287-0600; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. F2006 American Association for Cancer Research. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1574 www.aacrjournals.org Clin Cancer Res 2006;12(3) February1, 2006 869 Cancer Research. on October 23, 2017. © 2006 American Association for clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from (17–19). Mice and humans differ markedly in their immune responses to MUC1. We had shown that the naturally occurring human anti-Gala(1,3)Gal antibodies in cancer patients cross-reacted with MUC1 peptides (20) and considered it likely that anti-Gal antibodies formed immune complexes with injected MFP, bound Fc receptors, and stimulated antibody production rather than cell-mediated immunity (21). This was clearly seen in Gal / mice (which in this regard resemble humans) where, in contrast to normal (Gal) mice, the responses were predominantly antibody. The trend to antibody production in Gal / mice was reversed by the ex vivo loading of antigen-presenting cells with MFP (21). These studies led to the current clinical trial using autologous dendritic cells as vaccine carriers, aiming to maximize cellular immunity while minimizing the induction of antibody, which seemed to have no clinical benefit in the advanced disease setting (17–19). This phase I study in patients with MUC1 adenocarcinoma has shown that MFP loaded ex vivo into autologous monocytederived dendritic cells was without significant side effects, reliably led to T-cell immune responses, and was correlated with stabilization of disease in some patients. Materials andMethods


In an attempt to find any association between chromosomal characters and parasitism, a cytological study of parasitic flowering plants in Israel has been carried out. While no such association was found, evidence for three levels of chromosome evolution could be discerned: intra-chromosomal modifications, polyploidy per se, and genome restructuring in polyploids. Our conclusions may serve as a paradigm of the multiple pathways of chromosomal evolution in plants in general. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 138, 117–122.


Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action or both. T2DM is associated with chronic low grade inflammation, possibly through a pathway involving a cytokine-mediated acute-phase response to infection and other inflammatory processes. authors aim to study C-reactive protein (CRP) which is an acute-phase reactant produced primarily in the liver hepatocytes. Oxidative stress levels in newly diagnosed T2M patients were analysed with respect to malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO).Methods: Case-control study comprising of aged-sex matched subjects: newly diagnosed T2DM cases (n=30) and controls (n=30). The serum samples of subjects were analysed for levels of MDA by Buege and Aust method, while NO levels by Cortas and Wakid's kinetic cadmium reduction method using spectrophotometer. CRP levels were analysed by using turbidimetry. Statistical analysis was done using Mini-tab 17 software with 95% confidence interval.Results: Serum levels of MDA, NO and CRP in newly diagnosed T2DM patients were significantly increased as compared to healthy controls.Conclusions:  Authors concluded that the oxidative stress and inflammation plays a pivotal role in the aetiology of hyperglycemia in T2DM. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers might help prognosis of T2DM in hyperglycemic individuals with the help of which precautionary measure can be taken to reduce the rate of disease progression. Treatment involving anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory medications might help to rescue vital organs from damage.


Invention relates to an IC card having at least one application, an entry (5) that points to the mounting area for the application (4) and the mounting region (4) is present on the IC card (1). IC card of the invention is characterized in that a plurality of entries pointing to the same mounting region (4) (5) is present.


The growing number of players in world trade increases competition among countries. It has also a significant implication for the EU member states that are differently dependant on international trade. The object of the paper was to evaluate the export competitiveness and productivity of the EU member states in 2000-2015 using the Factor Analysis and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The results of trade analyses confirmed that the level of the export competitiveness was different in the individual EU member states and that it had also been changed during the monitored period. However, the original hypothesis about the level of export productivity was not confirmed. The results of the DEA analysis pointed more to economic convergence in the trade area between the new and old EU member states than to export productivity. The development of the EU trade was influenced by globalisation processes accompanied by trade liberalisation, but also the EU integration process.


This article attempts to present the problem of recent deregulations in the access to professions in the EU as well as their economic impact on development of domestic markets and flows within the internal market. The major modifications to the existing EU rules introduced in 2013 consist of simplification of qualification recognition procedures, mainly in the area of temporary provision of services. EU internal flows in services connected with the real estate under temporary presence evolved positively during the period under observation, with EU15 countries being the main players. In Poland since the liberalisation in 2014 the real estate market has developed rapidly without deteriorating the quality of provided services.


Abstract In this article we investigate the rate of convergence of the so-called two-armed bandit algorithm. The behavior of the algorithm turns out to be highly non standard: no central limit theorem, possible occurrence of two different rates of convergence with positive probability.


Spin unrestricted DFT calculations on Cr3(dpa)4Cl2 (dpa = dipyridylamide) suggest that the linear (Cr3)6+ metal framework could adopt either a symmetric conformation, or a strongly nonsymmetric one, depending on the nature of the spin coupling between the localized metal electrons.


Hurricane Ivan made landfall early on the morning of 16 September 2004, just west of Gulf Shores, Alabama as a category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Approximately 117 tornadoes were reported associated with Ivan across the southeast United States. Eight people were killed and 17 were injured by tornadoes (Storm Data 2004; Stewart 2004). The most significant tornadoes occurred as hurricane Ivan approached the Florida Gulf coast on the afternoon and evening of 15 September.