The ever-increasing expansion of cities, reduction of natural resources, traffic density and congestion are only some of destructive effects left by inadvertent growth of population and related irrational expansion on natural and cultural environments of the communities. Smart growth, is opposed to extensive city growth, emphasizes in city-dwelling and urbanism to create viable communities, proximity to nature and perseveration of open spaces and valuable lands, survival and revival of city center and restriction of suburban growth of city and reduction of reliance on personal vehicle etc. in order to decrease consequences and problems caused by horizontal city growth as mentioned above. The methodology of this study is of descriptive-analytical type and data collection was done by librarian and documentary technique. This study aims to review and recognize and interpret smart city growth patterns and to identify the existing barriers in Iranian cities and to explore status quo of Dezful city in terms of physical development and horizontal expansion of the given city and to determine rate of compliance of feature of this city to smart city growth patterns. The results of this investigation suggest that despite of having potential capacities to achieve growth of a smart city and lack of preparation of the suitable grounds for this ideal, Dezful city has been remarkably subject to horizontal expansion and it had very poor smart city network compared to the medium-size and developed cities of the world.


I. INTRODUCTION TO THE SHARING ECONOMY AND UBER TECHNOLOGIES"Sharing Economy" is a newly coined term for an ancient economic system1 embracing "community ownership," efficient use of resources, scaled-back consumption, and "localized production."2 In a Sharing Economy, many small-scale sharing ventures do not aim to profit from a resource but instead aim to offset the cost of ownership by sharing and allocating resources.3 Recently, new app-based companies have popularized the term to describe their business model.4 By defining themselves as Sharing Economy companies, the app-based businesses not only represent themselves as economically efficient, but they also bypass regulation.5Using Uber Technologies, Inc. (Uber), a multi-national company that connects riders and drivers through a smartphone application (app),6 this Note explores the impact of the Sharing Economy model on the business and regulatory environment. Uber is illustrative because the company is currently facing multiple legal hurdles.7 For example, Germany, Spain, Italy, and France either have or have nearly banned Uber nationwide. 8 Domestically, various states and municipalities have struggled to define Uber's innovative model under their traditional regulatory frameworks.9 After addressing the regulatory landscape, this Note asserts that app-based companies should be identified according to the service that they administer, a new uniform framework should be established to balance innovation with public interest, and app-based companies should cooperate with regulators in developing that framework.II. BACKGROUND ON TRANSPORTATION REGULATION, UBER, AND ANTICOMPETITIVE LEGISLATIONThis Part discusses a) the history of transportation law, which shaped our current regulatory framework, and b) the relevant ways legislators label business types to associate carrier regulations. Additionally, this Part reviews c) the Uber-app's operation to understand why legislators struggle to label Uber for regulation, and d) the laws that regulate anticompetitive practice. Finally, this Part examines e) the steps some legislators have taken in the wake of Uber's current legal challenges.A. History of Transportation LawThe conflicts that led to transportation law mirror the conflicts between Uber and taxi companies today.10 The history of American transportation regulation traces back to early England.11 The Watermen, i.e., sea ferries, provided the main source of for-hire transportation in England prior to 1640, when hackney coaches began to replace them by offering lower prices and greater convenience.12 With the increase in coaches came concerns for safety.13 In response, King Charles I ordered early weight and vehicle width restrictions.14 Another drive for regulation, however, came from competing businesses.15 The Watermen experienced a tremendous loss of profit from the increased competition. 16 Anti-innovators joined the Watermen's protest opposing the coaches and calling them:one of the greatest Mischiefs that hath happened of late Years to the Kingdom, mischievous to the Publick, destructive to Trade, and prejudicial to Lands: First, By destroying the Breed of good Horses, the Strength of the Nation . . . . Secondly, By hindering the Breed of Watermen, who are . . . the Bulwark of the Kingdom. Thirdly, By lessening his Majesty's Revenues.17In 1635, the King "expressly command[ed] and forb[ade] that no Hackney or hired coach be used or suffered in London, Westminster, or the suburbs thereof."18 The Watermen did not celebrate for long, however, because by 1685 the King had removed the injunction and hackney coaches were recognized and regulated like the Watermen. 19With the exception that automobiles replaced horse-drawn carriages, the New York City taxi industry in the 1900s remained largely unchanged since 17th-century England.20 Although cities and states required taxi drivers to apply for licenses, the industry was mainly unregulated. …


Wear dictates the machine performance, its reliability, and ultimately its lifetime. It is therefore important to know what is the wear status of the machine. The assessment can be done visually which is costly and not always possible (e.g. engines). Therefore, the development of an automated analysis and classification system of worn surfaces is highly desirable. Before such system is developed, surface characterization and classification methods must be first developed and tested. In this paper, we show how the recently developed methods, i.e. directional blanket covering and directional blanket covering curvature, have been adapted to solve this problem. The methods, unlike current standards/methods, measure surface roughness and curvature complexities at individual scales and directions. The methods' ability to differentiate between microscopy images of abrasive and adhesive wear surfaces was evaluated. Minute differences between the two wear modes were detected. This could be of importance in machine condition diagnostic since abrasive and adhesive wear account for most of the machine failures.


The utilisation of activated porous carbon (APC) for the removal of volatile methyl siloxane (VMS) has attracted significant research attention. However, the development of materials with high adsorption capacity remains a challenge. In this study, we successfully developed a high-specific-surface-area (2551 m2 g−1) APC material with a large porous texture (1.30 cm3 g−1) using coconut shell waste and NaOH as the activating agent. The performance of the APC material in the removal of hexamethyldisiloxane (L2) was evaluated using a fixed-bed dynamic adsorption setup. Notably, at 0 °C, the APC demonstrated a remarkable L2 removal ability, achieving a breakthrough adsorption capacity of 898.6 mg g−1. By increasing the inlet concentration of L2 and decreasing the temperature appropriately, the L2 adsorption capacity could be further improved. One advantage of APCs is their simple recycling process, which allows for sustained adsorption performance even after five consecutive cycles of adsorption and desorption. Therefore, the prepared APC material holds great promise as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of VMS.


Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used and efficient genetic model to study nervous system development. The conservation of many genes from Drosophila to vertebrates and a short reproduction cycle makes the fruitfly a great tool for providing insight into crucial events in nervous system formation. In studying the development of the sensory nervous system, Drosophila also provides a model for understanding the formation and function of structurally diverse cilia. Cilia are hairlike organelles present throughout our bodies and responsible for many processes such as chemo, mechano, and thermosensation, fluid movement, hearing and fertility. In Drosophila the only somatic ciliated cells are the Type I sensory neurons in which a cilium forms the sensory dendrite. There are more than two diverse subtypes of the ciliated sensory neurons and the mechanism by which this diversity is achieved remains unclear. The mechanism of ciliated sensory neuron differentiation was hereby studied on an example of a differentially expressed ciliary gene CG6129 a Drosophila orthologue of human Rootletin, a main protein components of ciliary rootlets. CG6129 expression is specific to the ciliated cells and exhibits so called chordotonal-enriched pattern a strong and permanent expression in the chordotonal subtype of type I neurons and weaker and transient expression in the external sensory subtype. I have shown that CG6129 knock-down causes severe disruption of the chordotonal organs function without any obvious change in the structure of the cilium, other than the lack of ciliary rootlet. The function of the external sensory subtype was only slightly affected which further highlights the difference between the two types of ciliated sensory organs. The fact that CG6129 is differentially expressed in the two subtypes of the Drosophila


The influence of inhomogeneous microstructure on fracture properties is presented in this study. Previous tests have shown an improvement in the notched tensile strength of laminates manufactured with fiber placement versus hand layup for the same materials and laminate configuration. Fiber placement results in structures with a more inhomogeneous microstructure than in conventional hand layup manufacturing. Equivalent continuum modeling was employed to study this phenomenon. A specialty, couple stress (Cosserat Theory) finite element was developed to explore the influence of inhomogeneities in regions of high stress gradients such as notches. The results indicate that the addition of the couple stresses mitigates singularities at notch tips. In particular, it was shown that geometry alone is not sufficient for proper scaling if inhomogeneities exist. A two-parameter failure criterion, based on critical strain energy release rates and an inhomogeneity parameter, is proposed. Good correlations were found between predictions and experimental results.


Methods. We used a randomized parallel group trial of home visits by CHWs to Medicaid-enrolled children with uncontrolled asthma versus usual care. Results. A total of 373 participants enrolled in the study (182 in the intervention group and 191 in the control group, of whom 154 and 179, respectively, completed the study). The intervention group had greater improvements in asthma symptom–free days (2.10 days more over 2 weeks; 95% CI= 1.17, 3.05; P<.001) and caretakers' quality of life (0.43 units more; 95% CI=0.20, 0.66; P<.001) and a larger reduction in urgent health care utilization events (1.31 events fewer over 12 months; 95% CI=–2.10, –0.52; P=.001). The intervention arm compared with the control arm saved $1340.92 for the $707.04 additional costs invested for the average participant. The return on investment was 1.90. Conclusions. A streamlined CHW asthma home visit program for children with uncontrolled asthma improved health outcomes and yielded a return on investment of 1.90. (Am J Public Health. 2015;105:2366–2372. doi:10.2105/AJPH.


Euroscepticism is a common political problem in many EU member states or potential candidates. There is a general belief that the EU is a giant bureaucratic structure and as such distant, colossal and suspicious, which creates a growing distance between the EU and its citizens. Such ambivalent sentiment towards the EU could be noticed also in Slovenia after it gained independence from Yugoslavia and started the process of joining the EU. The general public opinion about the EU was rather low – people were generally sympathetic about the EU but never completely enthusiastic about it. What attributed to such attitude was also the fact that politicians adopted several regulations without properly informing the public therefore leaving people uninformed about potentially important issues. In this paper, we argue that the threat to representative democracy is not so much in politicians not keeping their promises but rather in politicians not telling their constituents what they are working on and adopting more regulations than communicated with public. Our analysis of election manifestos, public opinion and press releases uncovers two fundamental problems of the Slovenian government between 2000 and 2004. The first one is an almost routine adoption of EU regulations without serious public debates and the second government's failure to communicate relevant matters with public in a timely manner, problematize them and bring them closer to people. Although the analysis focuses on events that happen around 20 years ago, we believe that our findings are highly relevant also for the state of Slovenian politics today.


According to UNAIDS (2017), are the enormous progress
made in the fight against HIV / AIDS over the past 15 years have
sparked a global commitment to end the epidemic of 2030.


In this paper, boundary control is designed to suppress transverse vibration of a flexible marine riser with input saturation in the ocean environment. Two cases are investigated: 1) state feedback boundary control, and 2) output feedback boundary control. In order to compensate for the input saturation, we propose an auxiliary system. First, state feedback boundary control with an auxiliary system is proposed when the boundary states of the riser can be measured. Subsequently, output feedback boundary control is developed when there are unmeasurable system states. High-gain observers are employed to estimate those unmeasurable states. Based on Lyapunov's direct method, the proposed control ensures that the deflection of the riser is uniformly bounded in the presence of the ocean disturbances. By choosing a set of appropriate parameters, numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed boundary control.


Environmental enrichment is the inclusion of materials into hatchery rearing tanks to create more natural or complex environments. This study evaluated juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss rearing with the use of a vertically-suspended array consisting of 15 rods in comparison to an established enrichment array of nine vertically-suspended rods, and unenriched controls. At the end of 116 days, there were no significant differences in gain, feed conversion ratio, total length, or individual fish weight among any of the treatments. In addition, relative fin lengths were also not significantly different among the treatments. These results were likely impacted by the high final rearing densities of approximately 70 kg/m3 in all of the treatments, as well as possible feeding levels below satiation, as indicated by the feed conversion ratios of less than 0.88.


The present invention relates to a construction method for super deep foundation earth, comprising the steps of: 1) measuring a number of divided regions, is provided between the channel region slope; 2) the boundary region using pot pit excavation technology, first central construction soil, soil rims after construction, and the construction in time slope supporting structure; 3) using intermediate region island pit excavation technology, the critical area of soil to the construction, the construction of the central soil, considering adjacent the transition region stable; 4) regional support layer by layer excavated layer by layer, non-super-digging, mainly to mechanical excavation, digging, supplemented by artificial cultivation, to ensure undisturbed soil without damage; 5) take the road back slope formula excavation technology, excavation and gradually from the bottom up. Four weeks pit set up drainage ditches, construction area set up drains, sumps, water pumping concentrated. Advantageous effects of the present invention are: Construction Technology basin full advantage of each island, and the construction process effective convergence, job progress quickly, effectively reducing the effects of time, high safety.


The invention provides a cloud computing service monitoring system used for monitoring a cloud computing service system including cloud service nodes, which comprises at least one cloud management node, a plurality of monitoring nodes and at least one main monitoring node, wherein the monitoring nodes monitor cloud service nodes in the cloud computing service system according to a monitoring command received from the main monitoring node, and returns a monitoring result to the main monitoring node; the main monitoring node is used for sending the monitoring command to the monitoring nodes, collecting the monitoring result returned by each monitoring node and displaying the monitoring result to a manager; and the cloud management node is used for providing the management functions of creating or deleting the cloud service nodes, the main monitoring node and the monitoring nodes and dynamically regulating the configuration of the cloud service nodes. According to the invention, the cost of the monitoring nodes is low, and users can arrange more monitoring nodes with the same cost so as to facilitating improvement in the monitoring efficiency and monitoring cost reduction.


PROFESSOR TUCKER'S book, as need hardly be said, is vigorous, interesting and instructive. One would be surprised, if an editor of Aeschylus were not proof against such surprise, to see what important observations, not merely on points of detail but on matters of general bearing, remain to be made upon a document so often searched as the Seven against Thebes. It had not been remarked, or if anywhere it had, the remark had produced no effect upon commentary, that at the date when this play was exhibited there must have been a special significance for Athenians in the stress laid throughout upon the protection afforded by a city wall. It seems certain, when pointed out, that the contemporary audience would connect this train of exhortation with the urgent and disputed policy of fortifying Athens (Introduction, p. xliii), and we may well suppose that such was the intention of the dramatist. Such a purpose, as the editor says, both illustrates and receives illustration from the familiar praise bestowed by Aristophanes upon Aeschylus as a public counsellor, and the special reference made in the Frogs to this particular drama. Even more certain and, though of less moment, not insignificant, is the remark (p. 4) that the play does not prove the prevalent description of the Chorus as all of them young women, 'maidens,' and does contain at least one choric passage (v. 673) naturally demanding a speaker aged or of mature years: the Chorus, it seems, are of various ages and represent the women of Thebes in general.


In this article a li-ion battery pack of electromotive bicycle using X3100 is designed for its special requiements.It enabales the charging and discharging large capacity Li-ion battery—packs.


In this study, behavior of a 3×3 pile group under lateral loading in sand is investigated by means of numerical modeling. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed using the ABAQUS software to simulate the behavior of steel pipe piles and soil. In this model, the behavior of the soil is described using an elastic- plastic constitutive model while the piles were treated as elastic materials. P- multipliers were developed for each row of the pile groups. Values of 0.78, 0.40, and 0.38 were calculated for a 3×3 free-headed pile group with 3D spacing in the both directions. Piles spacing and piles head conditions effects on the group interaction and consequently p-multipliers have been studied. It has been resulted that piles spacing in a group is an important parameter affecting the piles behavior under lateral loading, however, the piles head condition does not have a considerable effect on the values of p-multipliers.


Superficial scald is a physiological storage disorder of apples, which is characterised by browning of the skin. Scald is thought to be due to an uncontrolled polyphenol oxidase (PPO) system oxidising the vacuolar phenolics. Phenolics have been implicated in numerous physiological processes during the storage of fruit. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of phenolics in long term storage and the development of superficial scald. In these experiments, phenolics were identified and quantified from the peel of preclimacteric 'Granny Smith' and 'Crofton' apples during air storage at 0°C. The phenolics from both scald affected and apparently healthy green peel tissue from the same control 'Granny Smith' apples were extracted, separated and quantified with diode array HPLC. Analysis of scalded and non scalded peel tissue from the same 'Granny Smith' apples showed there was a significant decline in the concentration of all the phenolics, particularly the flavonols, in scalded tissue. A new phenolic compound, benzoyl-β-D-glucose, not previously identified in apples, was detected in the scalded peel tissue. These changes in phenolic profile may have significant implications concerning the role of phenolics in the storage physiology and the development of scald in apples.


Infectious Pleuropneumoniae of pig is a kind of deep-touched infective respiratory disease led by actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.By Qnalysing the symptom and etiology of 42 sick or sick-dead pigs as well as an epidemic disease investigation from 28 pig-farm in the center an south of Hunan,the findings are as follows: The disease is taken place any ages, sizes and types,but the extreme is the wealing pig and feeder pigs,Its main ways is the direct contagion,among which 14 pig-farms is due to the new introduction piglcts(50%),7pig-farms is due to the common cold(25%),5 is due to the excessive congestion and poor ventilation(17.8%),and other cause only holds 7.2%.Then medicine sensitivity test of the pathogenic bacteria on curing 862 sick pigs from 34 pig-farms indicated that there are the culled 3 drugs to cure the disease at present, of which the best drug is florfenicol,the cure rate could reach 98%.the next is cefradine.


Measuring and controlling the power density distribution of electron beams used for welding is critical for producing repeatable welds and for transferring welding parameters between different machines. On any given machine, the power density distribution is controlled by defocusing the beam relative to its sharpest focused condition. However, measuring the power density distribution can be difficult due to the intense nature of welding beams and is further complicated by imperfect electron optics that can distort the beam, making it difficult to quantify. The enhanced modified Faraday cup (EMFC) diagnostic method was used here for beam analysis that utilizes computed tomography to reconstruct the beam's power density distribution. These results were compared to the International Standards Organization (ISO) method for characterizing laser beams using a second-moment D4σ calculation. For ideal Gaussian-shaped beams, both methods would give the same result. However, for imperfect beams, the calculated D4σ diameter was shown to be about 25% larger relative to the FWe2 diameter measured by the EMFC due to the heavier weighting of data in the tails of the beam by D4σ. Although both methods produce repeatable welds, it is important to understand the differences in the reported beam diameters, divergence angles, and beam parameter products when transferring parameters between machines.


Polycrystalline samples with nominal compositions K1+xNb4O6 (0≤x≤1.0) were prepared by the solid-state reaction of KNbO3, Nb2O5 and Nb. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the KNb4O6-type compound was obtained as the major phase when x≥0.4. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed that when x=0.4, the KNb4O6-type compound contained intergrowth defects. In contrast, when x=1.0, practically no intergrowth defects were observed, although this sample contained KNbO3 as an impurity phase. The relation between the nominal composition and the formation of the intergrowth defects is discussed.


The present invention, by rotating through one or more guide portions disposed on the base, in the shape protruding from the pull-shape, and to an apparatus configured to deform the contrary. The apparatus in accordance with the intended use of this device may be formed in various sizes from a variety of materials. In some embodiments, the apparatus, the guide portion, the base portion, of one or more members, joints, and / or other components, consisting of one or more.


An important key element required to develop a reliable and effective Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Plan is the in-depth understanding of long-term morphodynamic patterns affecting a coast. The present study investigates the morphological evolution of the north coast of Rhodes Island, Greece resulting from erosion and accretion processes. Long-term shoreline changes were determined from multi-temporal aerial and satellite images (1960-2016) georeferenced and analyzed under a GIS platform (ArcGIS v10.2, ESRI). In addition, the rate-ofchange statistics of 24 historic shorelines were calculated using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS, USGS). Subsequently, wave and hydrodynamic conditions affecting sediment transport in the coastal area were analyzed by using a dynamic modelling system (MIKE 21/3 Coupled Model FM, DHI). Shoreline displacement occurs mainly at the spit-like northern tip of the study area (Cape of Mylon). This spit-like morphology changes seasonally, due to variations in the annual wave regime. Since 1960, the overall surface area of the backshore has slightly increased with a rate of 36 m 2 /y, though in shorter period times large variations has been identified, such as a reduction of 1256 m 2 /y between 1960 and 1971 and an increase of 8046 m 2 /y between 1990 and 1991.


The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a sustained dropout prevention procedure that incorporated monitoring and school engagement strategies. Ninety-four students with learning and emotional/behavioral disabilities received interventions in Grades 7 and 8; half of the students (treatment group) continued to receive intervention through Grade 9. Results of this experimental study indicated that, for two of three measures, students in the treatment group were significantly more likely to be engaged in school than were control group students. The overall performance of both treatment and control students, however, points to the need for early and sustained support for students with learning and behavioral disabilities to attain academic and behavioral standards.


Author Institution: National Institute of Standards And Technology, Optical Technology Division, Gaithersburg, Md 20899; NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY,ELECTROMAGNETICS DIVISION, BOULDER, CO 80305


In this work, we use foursquare check-ins to cluster users via topic modeling, a technique commonly used to classify text documents according to latent "themes". Here, however, the latent variables which group users can be thought of not as themes but rather as factors which drive check in behaviors, allowing for a qualitative understanding of influences on user check ins. Our model is agnostic of geo-spatial location, time, users' friends on social networking sites and the venue categories-we treat the existence of and intricate interactions between these factors as being latent, allowing them to emerge entirely from the data. We instantiate our model on data from New York and the San Francisco Bay Area and find evidence that the model is able to identify groups of people which are of different types (e.g. tourists), communities (e.g. users tightly clustered in space) and interests (e.g. people who enjoy athletics).


M ycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) was the only organism known to cause leprosy until 2008, when a new species, namely, Mycobacterium lepromatosis, was found to be the cause of diffuse lepromatous leprosy. Diffuse lepromatous leprosy is a unique, severe form of leprosy, with a high mortality rate, initially recognized by Lucio and further described by Latapi and Chavez-Zamora in 1948 in Mexico. It is in this population that diffuse lepromatous leprosy has predominantly been reported, although there are a few reports in Caribbean countries, Latin America, and outside this geographical area. Diffuse lepromatous leprosy, also known as diffuse leprosy of Lucio and Latapi or simply Lucio's leprosy (LL), has a special type of lepra reaction, which histopathologically corresponds to necrotizing vasculitiswith thrombosis, namedLucio's phenomenon (LPh) or necrotizing erythema. An 80-year-old African American woman, a native of Cartagena (Colombia), with no history of leprosy, presented with very painful ulcers on her hands and distal to her knees, which prevented her from walking. The disease had begun 8 months prior to consultation with the presence of constitutional symptoms: malaise, low-grade fever, asthenia, adynamia, weight loss, pain, and diffuse numbness of the limbs, followed by dermatosis in erythematous, asymmetric, nonpruritic plaques, some which were bullous and ulcerated. Physical examination showed an elderly woman, chronically ill, in poor general condition, emaciated, febrile, with a body mass index of 17.5 kg/m, normotensive, normal environmental oxygen saturation, well-implanted hair, madarosis, and diminished pulses. Examination of the face, ears, thorax, and extremities of the patient revealed dermatosis consisting of soft, nonpainful, diffuse edema distal to the elbows; indurated erythematous plaques on the hands; and multiple, very painful, extensive ulcers with depressed fundus and necrosis distal to the knees (Fig. 1A). The patient also had skin detachment, loss of substance in the fingertips, and necrosis of the fingers and toes (Fig. 1B). The proposed diagnoses were erythemamultiforme, vascular ulcers, vasculopathy, atherosclerosis, and protein-energy malnutrition.


To be effective in gene inactivation, the hammerhead ribozyme must cleave a complementary RNA target without deleterious effects from cleaving non‐target RNAs that contain mismatches and shorter stretches of complementarity. The specificity of hammerhead cleavage was evaluated using HH16, a well‐characterized ribozyme designed to cleave a target of 17 residues. Under standard reaction conditions, HH16 is unable to discriminate between its full‐length substrate and 3′‐truncated substrates, even when six fewer base pairs are formed between HH16 and the substrate. This striking lack of specificity arises because all the substrates bind to the ribozyme with sufficient affinity so that cleavage occurs before their affinity differences are manifested. In contrast, HH16 does exhibit high specificity towards certain 3′‐truncated versions of altered substrates that either also contain a single base mismatch or are shortened at the 5′ end. In addition, the specificity of HH16 is improved in the presence of p7 nucleocapsid protein from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1, which accelerates the association and dissociation of RNA helices. These results support the view that the hammerhead has an intrinsic ability to discriminate against incorrect bases, but emphasizes that the high specificity is only observed in a certain range of helix lengths.


Irrigation has been promoted as one of the best adaptation measure under climate change. In Eastern Canada, average temperatures are expected to increase, coupled with variable precipitation that may not exceed the evaporation rate. Frequency of dry situation during crop growth period is expected to be higher. This study was developed to examine the financial performance of irrigation on a vegetable farm in Quebec to cope with such a situation. The analysis was undertaken from a producer's accounting stance. Three measures of financial performance Net present value, Benefit-cost ratio, and Payback period, were used. Two types of technologies were included in this evaluation: One, Base technology where there was no irrigation provided to the crops; and Two, Beneficial Management Practice of providing irrigation water to the crops using an overhead sprinkler system of a hand-move type. The farm grew carrots and onions in an intercropping system half the field was for devoted to carrots, and the other half for onions. Results suggest that irrigating vegetables crops (such as carrots and onions) provided higher net present value over the 15 year life. The irrigation technology generated an additional $10,932 per ha over the life of the project, coupled with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.1. The payback period for the initial investment was estimated to be very short only 1.2 years. These results were found to be robust as under most of the changes (change in price of products, discount rate, cost of initial investment) irrigation maintained its higher level of net returns over no irrigation situation. The only exception was that under the prediction that vegetable yields would be reduced under climate change, irrigation loses its financial attractiveness.


In the quest for improved resolution, the application of good statics routines is often ignored. Using coalfield seismic data, a model independent statics routine which uses the refraction events to align reflections is discussed with examples of its application. Good statics allows improved imaging of 2-D seismic reflection data, which then allows a novel work station method to produce pseudo-3-D volumes from 2-D pre-stack data. Hence subtle features, such as faults with small throws, can be well defined in the pre-stack domain, where they could not be readily observed on the conventional 2-D sections after stack.


Abstract : The use of interval analysis in network design is outlined with particular reference to its use in design with elements having tolerances. An example illustrates the results. (Author)


ABSTRACT In this article, I consider how modernization discourse on Arctic energy development is now taking shape through a visual aesthetic system. I focus on one advertising campaign promoted by the Norwegian consulting firm Reinertsen, whose visuals aim to transform technical knowledge of energy development into an experience of artistic appreciation. I apply academic perspectives on aesthetic experience to my analysis and contribute with statements I gathered during a two-hour conversation with Geir Suul, Managing Director of Reinertsen, which took place at the Reinertsen headquarters in Trondheim, Norway, January 2016. I frame this discussion within a broader argument of the conditions that give rise to an energy aesthetics regime wherein environmental risk is increasingly disguised through enrollment processes in place for engaging consumers emotionally through marketing techniques aimed at constructing capitalist desire.


Composites are popular in high performance applications owing to their high specific strength characteristic and an endurance limit greater than that of traditional structural materials such as steel and aluminum. The paper discusses an experiment designed for students to be exposed to the low-cost manufacturing of high performance composites. The experiment is designed for a junior level manufacturing processes laboratory. In this experiment, students use the Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Molding process (VARIM) to fabricate woven polymeric composite panels. A mold is loaded with the preform made of the reinforcement material. The mold is then closed and resin is injected into it, aided by a vacuum pressure at the vents to remove all the entrapped air in the preform and speed up the process. Resin flows in the plane as well as in the transverse direction of the preform. Students evaluate the quality of their work by testing tensile coupons cut out of those panels. Four groups of up to five students work on producing four panels. Twenty tensile coupons are cut from each panel, and coupon tests enable students to compare spatial variation of properties within a given panel caused by the manufacturing process. In addition to the experience in processing, measuring, and statistical analysis, students become aware of cost considerations in manufacturing, since they are required to track materials and labor costs during the experiment.


Photo Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) noise obtained from images or videos is used as a camera fingerprint to attribute visual objects captured by a camera. The PRNU-based source attribution method, however, fails when there is misalignment between the fingerprint and the query object. One example of such a misalignment, which has been overlooked in the field, is caused by the in-camera resizing technique that a video may have been subjected to. This paper investigates the attribution of visual media in the context of matching a video query object to an image fingerprint or vice versa. Specifically this paper focuses on improving camera attribution performance by taking into account the effects of binning, a commonly used in-camera resizing technique applied to video. We experimentally show that the True Positive Rate (TPR) obtained when binning is considered is approximately 3% higher.


Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of2-adrenergic agonist (AA) brimonidine and topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) dorzolamide and brinzolamide in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) when used as adjunctive therapy to -blockers (BBs) or prostaglandin analogs (PGAs). Research design and methods: Pertinent publications were identified through systematic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Randomized controlled trials comparing AA with CAIs in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) who had inadequate IOP control with monotherapy of a BB or PGA. The weighted mean differences (WMD) of IOP-lowering efficacy were calculated by performing meta-analysis. Main outcome measures: The main efficacy measures were the reduction from baseline to end of treatment in IOP at peak, trough, and diurnal curve. Results: Eleven published randomized clinical trials involving 1493 patients were included in the meta-analysis. As adjunctive therapy, the IOP reduction was greater in the brimonidine group than in the CAI group at peak (WMD: 0.99 mmHg [95% confidence interval, 0.45 to 1.53]) and diurnal curve (WMD: 0.62 mmHg [0.07 to 1.18]). As adjunctive therapy to BBs, brimonidine was more effective than CAIs in reducing IOP at peak (WMD: 0.85 mmHg [0.42 to 1.29]) and trough (WMD: 0.47 mmHg [0.12 to 0.83]). As adjunctive therapy to PGAs, brimonidine resulted greater reduction in peak IOP than CAIs (WMD: 1.04 mmHg [0.08 to 2.00]).


This paper presents a simplified sample-based space vector algorithm for reducing harmonic distortion in three-phase voltage source inverters. The proposed method controls harmonics in the output voltage by considering individual switching samples, rather than relying on sectors or conventional switching sequences. This approach allows for effective control of any disturbances in the source or load, resulting in improved output voltage control. It also enhances DC bus utilization and reduces high-frequency harmonics. The operating time of each sample at the fundamental frequency is determined based on the sample number and offset angle, calculated from the input and output voltage. Compared to existing schemes, this control method only requires adjustments in the offset angle and a simple microcontroller for operation. Therefore, it is an effective technique for harmonic elimination, offering reduced execution time and minimal control variables. To validate the simulation results, a 3 KVA prototype inverter was constructed, and the experimental results are presented.


Energy is an important denominator for evaluating the development of any country. Energy consumption, energy production and steps towards obtaining green energy are important factors for sustainable development. With the advent of forecasting technologies, these factors can be accessed earlier, and the planning path for sustainable development can be chalked out. Forecasting technologies pertaining to grey systems are in the spotlight due to the fact that they do not require many data points. In this work, an optimized model with grey machine learning architecture of a polynomial realization was employed to predict power generation, power consumption and CO2 emissions. A nonlinear kernel was taken and optimized with a recently published algorithm, the augmented crow search algorithm (ACSA), for prediction. It was found that as compared to conventional grey models, the proposed framework yields better results in terms of accuracy.


In order to synthesize the styrene/isoprene copolymer(S/I) with high strength and good toughness,and at the same time to prevent the defects of high energy consumption and pollution that the traditional anionoid solution polymerization process usually has,the technique of reactive extrusion with twice feeding was adopted to synthesize the copolymer with the structure of S/I-S.A twin-screw extruder with two separated feeding ports was used as reactor and the organic lithium was used as initiator.The mixture of styrene and isoprene was fed via the first feeding port of the extruder and the additional styrene was fed via the second feeding port on the extruder to synthesize the final copolymer product with structure of S/I-S.Using GPC,DMA,TEM and universal testing machine,the structure and mechanical properties of the S/I-S copolymers produced were studied and compared with those of the S/I copolymers with similar molecular weight and content of isoprene,the later were synthesized by the reactive extrusion with once-feeding technique.The results show that the length and the content of the longer polystyrene block in S/I-S copolymers are enhanced significantly,the degree of phase separation is increased and both the tensile and flexure strength of the S/I-S materials are reinforced remarkably.


Objective To evaluate the application value of CEA,CA125,CA50,β2-MG,NSE and CYFRA21-1 used alone or in combination for the diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods The serum levels of six tumor markers CEA,CA125,CA50,β2-MG,NSE and CYFRA21-1 were detected by Elecsys 2010 electrochemiluminescence analysator in 85 patients with lung cancer,62 patients with benign lung disease(BLD) and 28 healthy adults.Results The serum levels of the six tumor markers were significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in benign intestinal patients and healthy adults(P0.01).In the patients after lung cancer operation,the serum levels of CEA,CYFRA21-1,CA125 and CA50 were significantly lower(P0.01).Although with higher levels in lung tumors,no statistical difference in serum levels of CEA,CA50 and β2-MG was found in the four different tumor types.The expression of CYFRA21-1 in squamous cancer was higher than that in the three other types of tumors(P0.05).NSE expressed highest in small cell lung cancer(P0.01),while CA125 expressed highest in adenocarcinoma(P0.01).Conclusion The six tumor markers can be good indices for early diagnosis of lung cancer,and combined detection of CYFRA21-1+CA125+NSE will be better for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.


Abstract : This report describes studies aimed at achieving long pulse laser emission in the near infrared, visible or ultraviolet region using electron-beam-stabilized electric discharge excitation of molecular electronic states. A model for long pulse visible laser emission from electronically excited states is described which involves rapid collisional quenching of the vibrational energy of the electronic states. The production and quenching of specific vibrational levels of excited electronic states of N2 and CO molecules have been studied by observing the fluorescence from gas mixtures excited by an electric discharge. The excitation efficiency for the N2(A 3 Sigma(+) sub u) state was determined by absolute population measurements of the v = O and v = 1 vibrational levels using a nitrogen (B yields A) probe laser technique. The measured decay rate of the N2(A 3 Sigma(+) sub u) state by self-collisions was 3 x 10 to the -9th power cu.cm./molecule-sec. Laser cavity tests were carried out for both N2 and CO gas mixtures for a variety of conditions. Short pulse laser action was observed in the N2 first positive system at 1.05 and 0.888 micrometers using e-beam-stabilized electric discharge excitation. (Author)


Purpose: Verbal memory decline is a frequent complication of left anterior temporal lobectomy (L‐ATL). The goal of this study was to determine whether preoperative language mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is useful for predicting which patients are likely to experience verbal memory decline after L‐ATL.


Unified models incorporating the right handed neutrino in a symmetric way generically possess parity symmetry. If this is broken spontaneously it results in the formation of domain walls in the early Universe, whose persistence is unwanted. A generic mechanism for destabilisation of such walls is a small pressure difference signalled by difference in the free energy across the walls. It is interesting to explore the possibility of such effects in conjunction with the effects that break supersymmetry in a phenomenologically acceptable way. Realising this possibility in the context of several scenarios of supersymmetry breaking results in an upper bound on the scale of spontaneous parity breaking, often much lower than the GUT scale. In the left-right symmetric models studied, the upper bound is no higher than $10^{11}$GeV but a scale as low as $10^5$GeV is acceptable.


Labor market wages do not typically provide an accurate or representative measure of the economic returns to child labor in rural settings, especially for women. This paper is a first attempt to identify other outcomes that can shed light on the longer-term impact of child labor. In particular, we examine the quality of marriage matches as measured by per capita household wealth and bride prices. Using an instrumental variables strategy, we show that child labor in agricultural activities is significantly associated with better outcomes in terms of family wealth, particularly for physical assets, land, and bride prices. Although preliminary, our results suggest that agricultural work by children is being positively valued on the marriage market, whereas household child labor work is being penalized. * Address correspondence to firstname.lastname@example.com. We are grateful to Marco Manacorda for useful comments. All errors and omissions are our own.


Carbopol, a family of cross-linked acrylic acid-based polymers and a well-known thickener used in personal care, household and industrial products, is often used as a model yield-stress fluid because it is transparent and its rheological properties can be precisely tuned by sample preparation conditions. Carbopol dispersions behave as an elastic solid, but they will flow when the applied stress exceeds a sample-dependent yield value. Both the yield-stress phenomena and the range of potential applications motivate the study of the microscopic structure and properties of yield-stress fluids. These investigation will lead to a fundamental understanding of the yield-stress phenomenon of Carbopol. Light scattering experiments investigating Carbopol ETD2050 dispersed in water have revealed that the Carbopol microstructure consists of a small and a large length scale, possibly described by different cross-linking densities. Experiments also show that the length scales and mass fractal dimension depend on the sample concentration and pH.


Atomic force microscope(AFM) is a powerful tool for characterizing nanostructural samples with an atomic resolution.The deposition and extending of double-strand DNA on three kinds of surfaces using the flowing of liquid are observed by AFM. The molecule of DNA can be disconnected by supersonic machine.


Conventional power distribution system is evolving with the growth of distributed generation and electric vehicle integration. The methods of this multidisciplinary planning under uncertainty have not yet been closely examined. In this work, we propose a framework for distribution network expansion planning considering the stochastic nature of DGs, charging stations associated with carbon impact. The proposed model aims to minimize the overall investment cost, the operation and maintenance cost, energy losses and carbon emissions by optimizing alternative feeder routes, the reinforcement of existing substations or new constructions, and the deployment of DGs and charging stations. A multiobjective mixed-integer nonlinear programme is formulated and recast as a two-stage stochastic problem based on analytical probabilistic approach. The model is solved with Tchebycheff decomposition method based evolutionary algorithm. The proposed approach is examined with a modified case-54 distribution and node-25 transportation system. Sensitivity analysis proves carbon emissions can influence the overall investment cost up to 21%. System cost and energy loss has the potential of 1.5% reduction by integrating wind generators. Numerical results obtained effectively demonstrate the capability and feasibility of proposed method.


Background: Success of root canal therapy is largely dependent upon the type quality with which the root canal is prepared and obturated. So, under the light of above mentioned data, the present study was undertaken for assessing the efficacy of two different obturation techniques in patients undergoing root canal therapy. Materials & Methods: A total of 50 consecutive patients who underwent root canal therapy in relation to mandibular first permanent molar. All the patients were broadly divided into two study groups based on the type of obturation technique used; Group A Carrier-based obturation (CO) technique and Group B Lateral compaction (LC) technique was used. Follow-up was done in all the patients' upto a time period of two years. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of all the patients was done for assessing the prognosis. All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet. Results: Majority of the patients of both the study group belonged to the study group was 30 to 40 years. Non-significant results were obtained while comparing the radiographic and clinical success of the patients of both the study groups. Conclusion: The obturation techniques can be used with equal effectiveness among patients undergoing root canal therapy.


While still an emerging field of scholarship, the study of cyberculture flourished throughout the last half of the 1990s, as witnessed in the countless monographs and anthologies published by both academic and popular presses, and the growing number of papers and panels presented at scholarly conferences from across the disciplines and around the world. Significantly, the field of study has developed, formed, reformed, and transformed, adding new topics and theories when needed, testing new methods when applicable.


Analytically and numerically shown, that an optical microelement consisting just two cylindrical zones is useful for sharp focusing of laser radiation if the radius of the central zone is halfwavelength. The numerical calculations executed in approach of a thin element by means of the plane wave expansion method show good accordance with analytical estimations. Also the qualitative accordance is shown on the basis of finite-difference time2domain method in view of three2dimensional structure of an element. Characteristics and features of diffraction of Gaussian beam with linear and circular polarization on a considered element are investigated.


A bunch arrival-time monitor (BAM) based on a Mach- Zehnder type electro-optical intensity modulator is under development at PSI to meet the high requirements for stable SwissFEL operation. The timing precision is derived by a stable pulsed optical reference system. The first BAM is located upstream of the bunch compressor where the bunch energy is 250 MeV and the pulse length is approximately 3 ps. At this position, the bunch arrival time is sensitive to the laser- and gun timing. In this paper, we report on the commissioning of the RF- and optical front ends, the first arrival-time jitter and drift measurements.


Today the rankings processes cover many aspects of social life. The scientific and educational activities are no exception. The article presents Russian regions distribution on the formal indicators of scientific personnel training. The regions and cities are ranked on the number of dissertation councils and on the number of awarded doctoral and master's theses in 2015. From the author's point of view, the noncompliance exists for the indicators of scientific personnel training and the development of science in some regions of Russia.


An exploration of Web 2.0 hacking methods, this book discusses how to enhance next-generation security controls for better application security. It covers old vulnerabilities and threat vectors such as phishing, cross-site scripting (XSS), cross-site request forgery (CSRF) exploitation, viruses and malware, and denial of service. It introduces Web 2.0 scanning and vulnerability detection methods; Ajax and Flash hacking methods; SOAP, REST, and XML-RPC hacking; RSS/Atom feed attacks; fuzzing and code review methodologies and tools, and puts these in the content of Web 2.0 and mobile applications. The book includes exercises and suggestions for further reading.


Human worth has taken on a surprising new role: that of market asset. Specifically, lenders in radically different contexts are using their borrowers' human worth as collateral in loan transactions. The two examples of this new collateralization that I examine are credit card lending in the United States and microlending programs in the Third World. I conclude that the use of human worth in these two contexts is too similar to be coincidental. Rather, this new collateralization is a product of globalization. For those interested in the effect of law on globalization, this convergence in the market for credit teaches important lessons. In both the contexts I examine, the laws governing secured and unsecured lending fail to recognize human worth as collateral. For this reason, the new collateralization serves as a counter-example to the claimed centrality of the rule of law in economic development.


By means of the linear trend analysis and accumulated variance analysis, the climate change characteristics of temperature from 1953 to 2011 in Jarud Banner were analyzed. The results showed that temperature of annual and seasonal in Jarud has risen in recent 59 years; especially in spring. The decadal variation of annual mean temperature went down greatly since1950s, and began to increase since in the late 1980s, while it showed most obvious trend since 21stcentury. The cold phase was from 1953 to 1986 and warm phase from 1987 to 2011.


Amino acids labeled with tritium are used for autoradiographic studies of protein synthesis. It is generally assumed that the radioactivity which is found in the cell after fixation and a wash with cold acid represents amino acids which have been incorporated into proteins or large polypeptides. However, before an amino acid can enter a polypeptide it has to be activated by a reaction with a specific ribonucleic acid (RNA), and the resuiting aminoacyl-transfer RNA (AA-tRNA) is insoluble in cold acid. We have therefore decided to determine what proportion of radioactivity in HeLa cells which incorporated a tritiated amino acid for varying periods of time can be solubiized by treatment with hot acid, a procedure which leaves the bulk of proteins intact, but which hydrolyzes nucleic acids and thereby removes from the cell the amino acids that are attached to transfer RNA. HeLa cells (CCL2 of the American Type Culture Collection) were grown on coverslips in monolayer culture, and were used for these experiments in the exponential phase of culture growth. Other culture conditions were similar to those described before (e.g., Studzinski and Jackson, Nature (London) #{163}1 : 94. 1966). The cultures were exposed for varying periods of time to the tritiated amino acid (H3-lysine at 200 mc/mmole or H3-leucine at 6.0 c/mmole) dissolved in culture medium at a concentration of 10 c/ml. At predetermined intervals the medium was withdrawn, and the coverslips were rinsed in balanced salt solution and then fixed for 10 mm in Carnoy's fluid (acetic acid-ethanol, 1:3) at 0#{176}C. The coverslips were then placed for 10 mm in 10% trichloracetic acid (TCA) at 0#{176}C containing 18.3 gJmi (or 100-fold excess over labeled amino acid) of the unlabeled amino acid used for incorporation of tritium. Some coverslips were then treated with 10% TCA at 80#{176}Cfor 20 mm, while controls were placed into another change of cold TCA. All coverslips were then washed twice in 10% TCA at 0#{176}C for 10 mm to ensure removal of amino acids produced by hot acid treatment. Finally, the coverslips were rinsed three times in cold-distilled water, dehydrated with absolute ethanol, mounted on slides and dipped in Kodak NTB-3 liquid emulsion. They were exposed in the dark at 4#{176}C for 4-10 days, developed in Kodak-19 developer, fixed and washed. The time of exposure was varied depending on the duration of isotope treatment, so that the total number of grains per cell would be approximately 15-30. The cells were examined unstained under phase illumination, since treatment with hot TCA renders them difficult to stain adequately. Table I shows that when the incorporation period is 10 mm or less, a considerable portion of the radioactive label not removed by cold TCA is solubiized by hot acid treatment. The loss is most marked at the shortest period of labeling, and progressively decreases until at 30 mm the difference between hot and cold acid extraction is not detectable. There appears to be no preferential loss of radioactivity from the nucleus or the cytoplasm. The percentage of hot TCA-resistant activity ascribable to the nucleus is 10 at 1 mm, 17 at 5 mm and 27 at 10 mm.


Modelling and computer simulation play an important role in all engineering disciplines. For the coupling of different simulation tools interface are necessary, including both aspects of physics, numerical methods, software engineering, etc. This paper describes the development of the interface between MATLAB (as a topology optimisation tool) and ANSYS (computer aided engineering software used for finite element analysis). The setting of the project application in Workbench (ANSYS toolbox)
using APDL programming is described and then the ANSYS results are imported into SIMULINK.


Radio frequency identification (RFID) readers are powered RF devices that communicate with an RFID tag to read necessary information. Using this capability, a dual use system for short distance inventory management and moderate distance automatic warning system for low intravenous (IV) fluid levels is designed. The RFID is affixed on the IV drip bag; the fluid in bag affects the antenna transmission distance by fluid dielectric conditions. This allows for two different operational modes (moderate and short distance). For pharmaceutical management, a handheld RFID reader can be used for short distance application. Another stationary RFID system can serve as a warning system for long distance application such as hospital care.


SUMMARY (1) Intraspecific aggregation has been postulated to facilitate the coexistence of competing species that share patchy resources. Data on adult emergence numbers of four mycophagous species of Drosophila from field-collected mushrooms show that these species exhibit highly aggregated distributions, both in collections comprising several naturally occurring species of mushrooms and in those of a single species for which mushroom size, condition, exposure time, and location in the field were controlled. (2) The relation between the mean and the variance in the numbers of flies emerging per mushroom reveals that the mean level of larval crowding increases with overall population density. Aggregation of larvae of each species is due to (i) females laying eggs in clutches of more than one egg, and (ii) non-random distributions of ovipositing females across breeding sites. (3) The emergence number of different species of Drosophila tend to be positively correlated across mushrooms, especially between species belonging to the same species group. In fact, within species groups, intraspecific and interspecific aggregation of ovipositing females contribute about equally to the proportional increase in the number of competitors an individual larva shares a mushroom with. Thus, aggregation does not appear to play an important-role in the coexistence of species belonging to the same species group. (4) The probability of parasitism of emergent Drosophila by the nematode Howardula aoronymphium Welch is generally independent of emergence numbers. Thus, although density-dependent parasitism could promote coexistence of species that have independent aggregated distributions, we find little evidence of such density dependence in these species.


The application of the 6.4-percent Shuttle Model Test Facility to the study of the Shuttle exhaust cloud properties is discussed with emphasis on the properties related to the production of the deposition (submillimeter drops composed of an acidic liquid and alumina solids) which occurs with each launch. An analysis of test data suggests that the major fraction of the liquid in the deposition is produced directly through the interaction between the exhaust and the deluge water spray and then modified by rapid scavenging of wet acidic aluminum oxide particles. Based on this conclusion, the possibility arises that the acid in the deposition can be neutralized by addition of a base to the deluge water. Current work with the 6.4-percent model is directed toward verification of this hypothesis.


One of the most important problems in the design of force-fitted gears finding a method to determine the optimum interference at a fitting surface. However, there are very few studies which deal with determining optimum interference. Therefore, a method for determining optimum interference was chosen as one of our subjects of researches. At first, the process for determining optimum interference was discussed. Next, from the above discussion a graphical solution for determining optimum interference was introduced, and by using this graphical solution the optimum interference can be easily determined if the dimensions and kind of material of force-fitted spur gears are given. Moreover, the optimum interference obtained by the method of the present paper was compared with the interferences given by G. Niemann and R.L. Alan Jordan.


DSP technology was used for fast processing of laser speckle for special materials.The results of the experiment indicated that using DSP to realize fast-algorithm of feature extraction can greatly improve the processing speed.This method can be used as an experiment support for future real time detection and processing.


Parallelism of OOPI algorithm and MPID algorithm for solving the linear systems as Y=(AB)Y+Φ 1 are discussed.After parallel process of algorithms is described,the memory requirements are analyzed and the rates of parallel acceleration are given.It is indicated by theoretical analysis that parallelism of OOPI algorithm depends on parallelism of decomposition of m matrix,and it is difficult for MPID algorithm to evenly allocate loads among processors.A kind of new optimum multi-parameter iteration algorithm is presented,and converge of algorithm is proved.


This thesis describes the development of a cheap and robust leg module for a modular robot. It begins with the selection of three suitable motors sourced from three different suppliers. Next, these motors are thoroughly tested, and based on the test results their efficiency is maximised. Then, the mechanical structure of the leg module and its mounting base are designed. The report then moves on to the design of the electronics to drive the motor. Four circuit boards are designed, and the necessary software is written. The result of this process is a leg module that is easily replaceable, has a well defined external interface and costs approximately eighty euros. From this module, a robot can easily be constructed


There are a lot of works describing the frontier sights in the travel poems of Capital Shang of Yuan Dynasty.In these works,the subject matters of the frontier poems are diversified.The focus of the expression of emotions has been shifted to mountains and rivers,the vogue of the day and the local conditions and customs,particularly local natural scenes.The local customs are described in the record of historical facts.The analysis of the poems about the local phenological scenes and customs in Zhangjiakou can help people get a general knowledge of the unique and beautiful natural scenes and the local conditions and customs in the northwestern frontier.It is also culturally significant for people to have a direct and perceptive understanding of the phenological features and the local conditions and customs.


This paper presents a novel quadcopter design that uses passive rotary joints to enable rapid aerial morphing without the use of additional actuators. The normally rigid connections between the arms of the quadcopter and the central body are replaced by sprung hinges that allow for the arms of the quadcopter to fold downward when low thrusts are produced by the propellers, resulting in a reduction of the largest dimension of the vehicle by approximately 50%. The ability of the vehicle to reduce its size during flight allows, e.g., for the traversal of gaps through which a non-morphing quadcopter could not pass. The vehicle is designed such that existing quadcopter controllers and trajectory generation algorithms can be used, provided that some additional constraints on the control inputs are met. The nonlinear dynamics of the system are presented, and design rules are given that minimize transition time between configurations and maximize the available range of control inputs. A method for performing gap traversal maneuvers is proposed and validated experimentally.


In recent years critical discourse analysts have increasingly pointed to the World Wide Web as a distinctive site of discursive practice, and have urged that more research work be conducted with specifically web-based corpora. While the conduct of 'wired CDA' presents new possibilities for CDA, it also entails apparent dilemmas that stem from the scale of web-specific corpora and CDA's disciplinary remit to conduct close qualitative readings of relatively small sample texts. Social anthropology has grappled with similar dilemmas as the relevance of trans-local ethnography in the contemporary world has become increasingly apparent, and in this process has developed productive analytical resources that might fruitfully inform wired CDA. This article explores a range of associated methodological issues, with particular emphasis on the identification and use of 'keywords' as a moment in the conduct of wired CDA. The paper looks at methodological precedents that frame the use of 'keywords' as an analytical category that shapes processes of data gathering and analysis, and argues that alternative categories are called for that address the peculiarity of the scaling capacities of the web. The paper proposes the analytical category 'animating vernaculars' as a supportive alternative to 'keywords', and argues for its relative focus on the scaled character of wired discourse practices. A study of the web presence of the transnational policy model 'integrated water research management' serves as a case study that concretizes the methodological discussion.


The effect of temperature on the calendar aging of commercially available 3.25 Ah Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) and 2.30 Ah Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) batteries were investigated. Calendar life tests were carried out using open circuit method at -20°C, 20°C and 55°C temperatures and initial state of charge (100% SOC). It is found that the aging of the batteries increases with increasing temperature and storage time.


We introduce tksesh, a multiplatform editor, database and dictionary software. Tksesh is both intended to be a toolkit to build applications for the philologist and an example of such application. The core of tksesh is a hieroglyphic editor which understands "Manuel de codage" encodings. The edited texts can be saved in a database, and referenced by the dictionary system, via hyperlinks. The dictionary can handle complex definitions by multiple authors. Most of the text in the dictionary has precise meaning, not only for the reader, but also for the computer. This allows automated treatments and possibly complex searches. An important feature of the dictionary is that it can contain references to the text database, in a readable way, and that clicking on these pops up the referenced text. Of course, exhaustive searches in the database text are also an option. The Tksesh system is written in the Tcl/Tk language, which is freely available for both Windows, Mac, and Unix systems, allowing it to be very portable.


Services performance is an indicator that can be used as a first step for the supplier success of cut flower chrysanthemum in the futurein a cooperation relationship with the customers. The purposes of this research are (1) Analyze level of services performance of the supplier(the farmers groups) of chrysanthemum cut flowers. (2) Analyze level of customer satisfaction toward the services performance of the supplier( the farmers groups) of chrysanthemum cut flower. Level of satisfaction of services performance from the supplier of chrysanthemum cut flowerhas seen by using two methods Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). The data analyzed 5 dimension performance services, they are Tangibels, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy. The result analysisshows that: (1)The level of services performance of the supplier of cut flower chrysanthemum are in a well category. The level of customers satisfaction toward services performance are in a satisfied category. Beside that, the services performance must be prioritized of a supplier of chrysanthemum cut flowerare: time of delivery accuracy, product quality assurance, priority customer services, fair and understanding the importance of the customer , and speed and efficient services, also understanding the customers needed. Key word: satisfaction, services performance, supplier,customer, CSI, IPA


Abstract Fall is one of the major reason of elderly people living alone for getting injured. Numerous elderly individuals are living alone in their homes. In case if the elderly tumble down, it might be troublesome for them to ask for help. Due to this problem there is a dire requirement of an efficient home monitoring framework. An effective fall detection system can help provide rapid help to the patient and improve the chances of survival of the patient. The principle goal of this paper is to design a vision-based fall detection framework for the elderly people. Fall identification framework at home is progressively vital and dependable observation framework is a need to mitigate the outcomes of fall. In this paper, we look forward to detecting a fall and normal walking of an individual using background subtraction, Motion History Image, feature extractor like Zernike Moments and then using a learning model. The proposed framework is able to detect fall and normal walking with an accuracy of 92.86% and 90.82%.


The great difference in results as regards the saving or improvement of vision as well as mortality is striking, but is easily explainable on anatomical grounds. Wben the tumour is of large size the anterior cerebral arteries, the anterior communicating vessel, and the distal anterior cerebral arteries ate stretched tightly over its dome and posterior surface: the floor of the third ventricle is displaced far upwards and backwards, and the foramina of Munro may be occluded, resulting in dilatation of the lateral ventricles and greatly raised intracranial pressure. Damage to any of these structures is all too easily inflicted, with a possibly fatal outcome. The optic nerves and chiasm are very extensively involved in these vast tumours, the nerves being greatly elongated and displaced backwards if not laterally as well, while the chiasm is broadened and thinned, and is pushed backwards and downwards. It is infinitely more difficult to free these structures from the tumours, for they are often adherent to the capsule, softer in consistency than normal, and very readily harmed during dissection. For this reason improvement in visual acuity or field is more difficult of achievement, while aggravation of pre-existing defects is all too common. Operative intervention in early cases is a much simpler matter, especially with the aid of hypothermia and intravenous urea, which, by producing great shrinkage of the brain, enable the frontal lobe to be raised with ease and without trauma, providing an admirable view of all essential structures. Unfortunately, early examination will not always reveal a small tumour, for the duration of symptoms was found to be actually less in the large tumours than in the small ones. This discrepancy can perhaps be explained by postulating the differing rates of growth of the tumours, but it is also possible that the exact point of origin of the growth is responsible in part. Once a tumour has reached a large size its area of dural attachment is extensive, and it can be imagined that some of them originated at a point well away from the actual optic foramina and sellar lip, thus allowing them considerable room for expansion before pressure on the nerves or chiasm becomes serious. The smaller, more strategically placed tumours in the immediate vicinity of the optic foramina would at once involve the appropriate optic nerve. Nevertheless, a slow rate of growth must be the answer in those patients with small tumours and a history of many months or years of visual disturbance. Although the suprasellar tumours are only a small group representing some 6% of meningiomas in this series (but nearly 9% in Cushing and Eisenhardt's) the establishment of the diagnosis at an early stage may well make the difference between life and death to the patient, to say nothing of the preservation, as opposed to the loss, of eyesight. The average duration of two and a half and three and a half years of symptoms in these two series certainly leaves much to be desired in the direction of early diagnosis. During this 25-year period when these 50 suprasellar meningiomas were encountered, 14 additional patients were subjected to exploration of the optic chiasm on the same clinical basis. In 5 of the 14 unmistakable chiasmal arachnoiditis was revealed, in one a glioma of the optic chiasm was found, and in the remaining eight cases no abnormality of optic nerves or chiasm could be seen. No benefit accrued in any of these 14 cases as a result of exploration of the chiasm and nerves, although these structures were dissected free in the cases of arachnoiditis. The one patient with a chiasmal glioma could not be treated by excision of the tumour as this would have produced bilateral blindness. In none of these 14 patients was harm done by exploration. It cannot be emphasized too strongly that progressive failure of vision, even in a single eye, justifies the earliest possible admission for specialized investigation. Only in this way can many tragedies be averted.


Mass media is crucial in forming and reflecting opinion in society. Newspaper, television, and the internet all play a critical role in the daily lives of Americans; disseminating information that shapes views of life, culture, and politics. It seems like all forms of media communication, either subliminally or blatantly, reflect the political climate of the day. The news media flood American homes with images, audio, and commentary on political happenings. My questions are as follows: How much basic political knowledge does an average college student possess? Where does the average college student receive his or her political knowledge? Does celebrity endorsement of a political ideology influence college students? If so, then to what extent? My goal is to survey approximately 400 random URI undergraduate students. The survey will ask questions relating to three areas. The first is a political knowledge indexbasic information about politics. I want to have a general idea of the student's depth of basic political fact, i.e., name the Vice President of the United States, how many Senators represent Rhode Island? The second will explore where the student gets political information, i.e., how often do you watch network news broadcasts? If so, which ones?" The third section will explore celebrityendorsed politics. I will write statements said by celebrities or included in musical lyrics. I will then ask whether the student agrees with the statement, to what extent. I will also ask if the student regularly listens to the artist or watches the celebrity's television programs. In order to better understand their own ideologies, I will also include a brief section on their political behaviors: Did they vote in the last election? If so, for whom did they vote? Do they affiliate with a political party? The results of the survey will be discussed and compared to past research done in this field.


Introduction: Cement removal in revision total hip arthroplast;y can be technically challenging. Traditional methods can be associated with femoral fracture or uncontrolled cortical perforation and bone loss. A new technique has been developed tha.t permits segmental extraction of bone cement from the femoral canal. Fresh cement is introduced into the old cement mantle and a threaded rod is placed into the wet cement and held in place while the cement hardens. The thread-forming rod is then removed leaving a threaded channel in the cement. Extraction rods are then screwed 1.5 to 2.5 cm into the threaded channel. A slap hammer, which attaches to the opposite end of the extraction rod, is used to remove 1.5- to 2.5-cm segments of cement. The old cement – cancellous bone interface fails before the new-old cement interface and the old/new cement is removed in segments. This allows minimal removal of cancellous bone. Patients and Methods: Patients who had contra-indications to segmental cement removal such a discontinuous cement mantle were excluded. Twenty-five consecutive cases of revision arthroplasty were entered into the study. The indications were for aseptic loosening in twenty-three cases and deep infection in two cases. Results: In twenty-two cases the cement was removed completely. In five cases the cement was removed en-bloc in one single extraction rather then in segments. In two cases there was failure of the new cement to bond to the original cement and alternative methods were used. In a further case the cement was removed using a combination of segmental and conventional techniques. There were no cases of cortical perforations or perforaltions in this series. We have found it to be a reliable and safe method of cement removal. The cost of the system is offset by reduced operative time and blood loss.


Soil is a porous material which consists of a collection of soil particles with voids. The soil particles have different sizes with certain statistical distribution which are commonly described using grain-size distribution curve (GSD). The characteristic of GSD has significant effects on the engineering properties of the soil (especially for coarse-grained soil). On the other hand, the geometrical pore space in soil can be described by the pore-size distribution function (PSD). There are limited studies on the effect of PSD on the engineering properties of soil. For the soil with insignificant volume change, the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) is considered to be analogous to the PSD. In this paper, the soil skeleton is assumed to be rigid and the roles of PSD on the air/water flow in the unsaturated soil and on the unsaturated shear strength are explained. The proposed theories utilizing different PSDs are able to estimate the saturated hydraulic conductivities of different soil types. The proposed theories and equations are verified with experimental data from literatures.


Rotational bands in the odd-odd nucleus, ' Re, have been studied via the 'Ta(o. ,3ny)' Re, "W(p, ny)' Re, and "W(p, 3ny)' Re reactions, using Ge y-ray detectors in a variety of singles, coincidence, delayed coincidence, and angular distribution experiments. Four rotational bands were characterized extensively: 7+ [rr z [402$]csI vT~ [624t]], triplet coupling (64-h ' Res) to J=16; 2+, singlet coupling (12.7-h "Re ), to J=12; 9 [~2 [514&]vz [624t]], triplet band head (t~~2 —6+2 ns) at 443.1 keV, to J=15; and 4 [n2 [541&]cmv& [624t]], triplet band head (tl~2 —780+90 ns) at 461.3 keV above ' Re . All four bands are highly distorted from Coriolis effects. g& and gz were deduced and agree with the assigned configurations. A four-quasiparticle isomer (tl~2 —88+8 ns) was located at 2256.3 keV and is characterized as an oblate girdle about the basic prolate core.


Benedict and Behre (1936), Langley and Evans (1936), and Bolliger (1936), working independently, have reported a color reaction between an alkaline solution of 3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid and creatinine. Riesser (1923, p. 892), Anslow and King (1929), Bolliger (1936), and Schindel (1940) have reported. positive reactions between creatinine and nine nitroaromatic compounds. On the other hand, a number of investigators (von Bitto 1892, Greenwald and Gross 1924, Greenwald 1925a, 1925b) have reported failure to obtain a color reaction between creatinine and nitroaromatic compounds other than picric acid. The compounds reported as reacting with creatinine are; 3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid, 1, 3, 5-trinitrobenzene, 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene, 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzoic acid, m-dinitrobenzene, 2, 4-dinitrophenol, trinitro-mcresol, 2, 4-dinitro-l-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid, and dinitrochlorobenzene. The color obtained was in all cases less intense than with picric acid. The compounds reported as not reacting with creatinine are: o-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol, 2, 4-dinitrobenzoic acid, 3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid, 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid, trinitro-m-eresol, picramic acid, 2, 4-dinitrophenol, 2, 6-dinitrophenol, 3, 5-dinitro-p-cresol, m-dinitrobenzene, o-nitrobenzoic acid, m-nitrobenzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, p-nitrotoluene, I-nitronaphthatene, 1, 5-dinitronaphthalene, 1, 8-dinitronaphthalene, and trinitroresorcinol.


The aim of the present study was to investigate the fatty acids, sterols and chlorophylls content and profile in leaves of apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh) which are intended to be cryopreserved. Quantitative GC-FID was used for phytosterols and fatty acids analysis, while chlorophylls were determined by a spectrophotometric method.
Total phytosterols ranged from 189.6 to 463 mg/total lipid extract. The highest phytosterols content was found in Romus 3 and Romus 4 cultivars. The most important phytosterols in all leaves samples were: β-sitosterol, sitostanol, Δ5-avenasterol, 24-methylenecycloartenol and Δ7-stigmastenol. Some other minor sterols were also identified: campesterol, stigmasterol, citrostadienol.
Fatty acids analysis revealed important quantitative differences, with a total content ranging from 77.4 mg/g to 245 mg/g. The major fatty acid in all samples was α-linolenic acid with 40 - 55 %, followed by palmitic acid with 17.5 - 25 %, linoleic acid 7 - 14 % and oleic acid 4.7 - 9.6 % of total fatty acids.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids represent the major fraction, comprising 54-65 %. The ration between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids ranged between 2.1 - 3.2. The high degree of unsaturation is characteristic to green tissues. The chlorophyll a content ranged between 1.39 – 2.3 mg/g fresh weight, while chlorophyll b was found at 0.6 - 0.98 mg/g. The ratio chl a/chl b was close to


The use of machine learning algorithms in theoretical and experimental high-energy physics has experienced an impressive progress in recent years, with applications from trigger selection to jet substructure classification and detector simulation among many others. In this contribution, we review the machine learning tools used in the NNPDF family of global QCD analyses. These include multi-layer feed-forward neural networks for the model-independent parametrisation of parton distributions and fragmentation functions, genetic and covariance matrix adaptation algorithms for training and optimisation, and closure testing for the systematic validation of the fitting methodology.


Credit card fraud is growing along with the development of technology in today's world. Hundreds of researches have been made in the past for more than four decades and still, the problem is critical, affecting large financial and banking companies. In this paper, we are focusing on the design and development of an advanced realtime credit card fraud detection framework with the help of big data technologies from one of the leading public cloud providers, Microsoft Azure. We have designed the complete framework to satisfy most current fraud detection systems which could process a large amount of data in real-time and improve the accuracy by implementing multiple machine learning algorithms. We further implemented multiple layers of the workflow including the ingestion layer, streaming layer, processing and transformation layer, model training and scoring layer and storage layer. With the help of these, we were able to build massive storage, fast detection, model training, and real-time fraud detection system. This paper aims in designing the modern credit card fraud detection system and has been tested by a sample dataset to achieve our goal. Keywords— Credit card fraud, Microsoft Azure, SGD Classifier, Extreme Random Trees


This outdoor showcase features VIDENTE – an outdoor handheld solution enabling users to gain a glance at the underground infrastructure in their immediate environs. By combining mobile augmented reality (AR) and common wide area tracking technologies VIDENTE provides an enhanced vision of the road surface telling precisely where buried utility assets are situated beneath. The novel approach proposed by VIDENTE demonstrates how accurate underground city models embedded in a location aware context may contribute to successful accomplishment of common field tasks at utility and infrastructure companies. In order to provide an authentic experience of VIDENTE the showcase will employ real-world data retrieved from the operational geospatial database of the local power supplier Salzburg AG. 1 Topic of the showcase This showcase will provide an insight into a novel approach of rapidly locating and identifying hidden underground utility network assets such as cables and pipes in the field. We will present VIDENTE – an outdoor handheld augmented reality system (Fig. 1), which has been developed over the past two years within the scope of a research cooperation of GRINTEC and TU Graz and is now available as a fully functional prototype. VIDENTE is designed to assist field staff of utility and infrastructure companies in their everyday work tasks related to maintenance, outage management, asset record keeping and network planning. By means of augmented reality (AR) and advanced wide area tracking technologies such as GPS and inertial measurement systems VIDENTE provides users with an intuitive visualisation of the local underground infrastructure on a handheld device. That real-time visualisation is achieved by merging continuously streamed video footage of the user's current environs Fig. 1: VIDENTE handheld augmented reality client platform Fig. 2: Screenshot of a mobile augmented reality visualisation of underground utility assets ("virtual digging hole")


The present study aims to describe and explain lexical differences in Gorom language on age and professional factors in East Seram Regency, Molucca Province, Indonesia, which employs a social dialectology approach. Data were gathered using the Identity method following the linguistics characteristics identity technique. The instrument used was all 880 basic vocabulary of Gorom language. The sources for this study totaled 24 people. Furthermore, the data analysis was done using a snowball sampling technique. The study indicated that the factor of age and profession in Gorom distinguished social dialects. In the findings, farmer and adult speakers share the same lexical forms. As seen from the age factor, both farmers and adults are about the same age, making them easier to construct mutual understanding. On the other hand, civil servants and children use the same linguistic forms. Children use civil servants' speech as a reference for the kind of prestigious speech; therefore, many Gorom children dream of becoming civil servants. Yet, civil servants and children create some linguistic innovations, such as affixation to roots. It shows solidarity among the community and self-actualization of wide-mannered socialization.


Benzene homologues in the oil filed water were separated and determined by domestic SC-2000 gas chromatography and manul head space method.The experimental conditions were optimized with benzene as tested target.The limit of quantification is 10 ppb with R=0.9997 and RSD=1.7%.The chromatography spectrum shows well isolated peaks of benene,methylbenzene and ethylbenzene with good peak shape.The method is rapid,simple,cheap and accurate.


The microstructures of the aluminum billets could be improved markedly by low-frequency electro-magnetic casting (LFEC) processing. In fact, the low-frequency electromagnetic field (LFEF) also has favorite effect on the surface quality of billet. However, few public reports on the surface quality of LFEC aluminum billets could be found. Therefore, a new crystallizer together with a kind of lubricant was designed aiming at lowing surface turning quantity, and the effects of casting velocity, electromagnetic condition and lubrication on the surface quality of aluminum billets were investigated. The results indicate that LFEF together with the lubricate condition would be responsible for the surface quality of the billets, and the high surface quality billets could be achieved by optimizing the casting conditions.


For the fabrication of the PhC gas sensor structures the macroporous Si material system was chosen. After a brief description of the state-of-the-art of this fabrication process at the onset of this work the further development necessary for the realization of PhC gas sensor structures is presented in the subsequent section. These developments are essentially etching of deep (≥ 450 μm), parallel pores, realization of the different taper concepts discussed in chapter 5 and aspects of device integration.


The stress distribution due to the cavity expansion is considered as three zones, the first is failure zone, the second is plastic zone and the third is elastic zone. Based on the modified Cam clay model, a closed-form formula of excess pore water pressure of the soil in the three zones during the cavity expansion is derived. The effects of the consolidation ratio which influences on the stress distribution of pore water pressure is studied. The conclusions of this paper can be applied to pile foundation engineering, pressuremeter test and static sounding interpretation.


Cohort Model The cohort model draws on a modeling exercise SACOG conducted for the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to stress-test their plan's projected reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the year 2036 under the requirements of California Senate Bill 375 (Steinberg, 2008). To generate SB 375 emissions results for the exercise, SACOG used the 2016 version of SACSIM (Bradley, Bowman, & Griesenbeck, 2010) also known as SACSIM 16, a regional activity-based travel model that informs development and evaluates performance of the MTP/SCS.


BACKGROUND: Increased rates of red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease may be due to transfusion frequency, genetic predisposition, or immune dysregulation. To test the hypothesis that sickle cell pathophysiology influences RBC alloimmunization, we utilized two transgenic mouse models of sickle cell disease.


Letter is an important document in Surabaya High Court because it supports the business process activities Surabaya High Court. Therefore, the data must be complete mailing, distribution and storage should be timely letter should be well ordered. The conditions at the Surabaya High Court incomplete data writing letters, distributing archives are often delayed because of the long groove applies a system or procedure is too complicated. To solve this problem, so the storage and recording of the letter needs to be converted into digital data and computerized. To meet these needs it is necessary to be made application mail handling incoming and outgoing mail at the Surabaya High Court. Stages of making this application begins with communication, planning, modeling, construction, and operation. Once tested, the application management of incoming and outgoing letter can handle the recording process incoming letter, handle the disposition of incoming letter, handle the process of making a number of outgoing letter as well as recording your outgoing letter so, can generate data incoming letter, the data disposition, the data outgoing letter, and several reports including archiving reports, statements disposition, disposition tracking reports, and reports of outgoing letter.


Evaluations of the compressive strength,fracture toughness and crack resistance capacity for steel-wire-like organic reinforced high performance concrete was conducted.The experimental results showed that while steel-wire-like organic fiber had little influence on compressive strength of high performance concrete,it could dramatically increase the fracture toughness and crack resistance, which was proportional to the dosage of steel-wire-like organic fiber.


Abstract. The phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) has been developed rapidly as a fully fiber-optic distributed vibration sensing technology. However, the demodulation technique based on the phase term would induce a serious false alarm problem due to the signal fading effect. An effective method to suppress fading-induced false alarms in the Φ-OTDR system is proposed, which is based on the suppression mask and numerical relationship between phase and amplitudes of Rayleigh backscattering. The performance of the proposed method has been experimentally demonstrated in both laboratory environment and in-field situation test. Without any hardware addition in a traditional Φ-OTDR equipment, false alarms rate can be reduced from 4.81% to 0.15%, whereas low missing alarms rate can be achieved at the same time. In-field results show that this work provides a low-cost solution to enhance the performance for real-life engineering application of the phase-discrimination Φ-OTDR system.


Background: Harlequin ichthyosis is an uncommon, extreme type of skin issue related with gigantic thickening of skin over whole body. The primary case was accounted for in 1750 by Reverend Oliver Hart. The general occurrence is 1 out of 300,000 births. Around 200 cases have been accounted for all through the world. In 1984, a newborn child with this issue was brought into the world in Pakistan and the child lived till 2008. One more such birth was recorded in the USA in 1994. As of late, one case was accounted for in June 2016 at Nagpur, India. A Harlequin child was brought into the world to a youthful couple in Lata Mangeshkar Hospital.
Objectives: To assess the existing knowledge regarding Harlequin Ichthyosis among P.B.Bsc nursing students. To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge regarding Harlequin Ichthyosis among P.B.Bsc nursing students. To associate the post-test knowledge regarding Harlequin Ichthyosis among P.B.Bsc nursing students with selected demographic variables.
Materials and Methods: A one group pre-test and post-test research design study will undertaken to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge regarding harlequin ichthyosis among P.B.B.Sc nursing students of selected colleges.
Expected Results: There will be significant association between pre-test and post-test knowledge regarding Harlequin ichthyosis among P.B.Bsc nursing students.


The article takes up the issue of control as a category of explaining behaviours of deviant character. Refl ection to date as well as research achievements within this scope have situated the concept of control in the context of social system functioning, or reduced it to certain personal characteristics, generally described as a sense of perpetration. On the grounds of popular associations, these characteristics are connected with such traits as: self-control, strong character, will power, thus constituting the condition for self-education activities, including self-correction activities. Attempts to apply such viewpoint for the analysis of complex educational and corrective situations consistently frequently encounter a substantial obstacle, defi ned here as a paradox of control, which is that conviction about the ability to control one's own situation may entail as many opportunities as dangers