1. The system, which is close to the real-time, continuous real-time monitoring of operating conditions in industrial production facility, comprising: a plurality of measuring sensors analytical data are available on the industrial production facility; ! multivariate statistical model; and! man-machine interface to display current operating states and updated statistical data; ! wherein the system comprises a plurality of unit operations of industrial production facility. ! 2. The system, which is close to the real-time, continuous real-time monitoring continuously operating industrial production facility and forecasting of possible process disturbances, comprising: a plurality of measurement sensors for obtaining near real-time process analytical data concerning industrial production facility; ! data access module; ! calculation module model; and! a man-machine interface for displaying current operating state and desired operating ranges according to a calculated process state. ! 3. The system of Claim. 1 or 2, wherein the industrial production facility is selected from the group consisting of continuous chemical production facility, batch chemical production facility, a petrochemical production facility, refinery facility, downhole hydrocarbon or water production systems, subsystems, and combinations thereof . ! 4. The system of Claim. 1 or 2, wherein the industrial production facility is a facility for the production of ethyl


A hand-held power-driven tool for operating a work member in conditions in which fairly extreme vibrations are generated is constructed of rigid parts isolated from each other by elastomer shock-absorbing material arranged between the parts in laminar fashion in which certain of the layers are of different Shore A hardness as respects each other. The layers are also formed with different thicknesses and are introduced into an annular space between the parts in pourable condition, each layer being permitted to set up before the next layer is pourable, resulting in bonding of the elastomer layers to each other as well as to the parts. A novel supporting structure is disposed between the parts to space them in condition to receive the elastomer material and the structure is permitted to remain between the parts in such isolated or shock-absorbing fashion as to improve the vibration-minimizing charactreistics of the overall design.


A dynamic labor demand model is developed and estimated on 1,719 French firms in the food industries, observed over the period 1990-1997. Both descriptive statistics and estimation results (including GMM estimations) show that labor demand and its determinants vary according to firm location. Rural areas are characterized by a low adjustment speed and great sensitivity of labor demand to the labor cost. Peri-urban areas benefit from important economies of scale effects and from technological spillovers. Urban firms are faced with a decline in employment levels, which is mostly due to a faster adjustment of employment to the level of activity. The trade-off between agglomeration and congestion forces may explain the respective situations of both urban and periurban areas. However, the relative inertia that appears in rural areas may be analyzed in a different way, by considering the smaller number of potential opportunities that exist in these areas. Copyright (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc..


Squid fishing is a very important economic activity in many far eastern countries. One of the reasons seems to be an easy process for conservation (dried squid) and high demand from the Chinese market.


This paper performs comparison of several path loss channel models proposed for wireless body area network (WBAN) for various frequency bands. The comparison is performed in terms of received signal to noise ratio (SNR) estimation using link budget calculation. The result shows that SNR estimation performed using some of the channel models are harmonized to each other; whereas those using other channel models differ significantly from each other.


New medical undergraduates should be well trained regarding rational prescribing, proper diagnosis and adequate dosing, frequency etc in their course as per MCI Pharmacology curriculum. So when they start their own clinic, he/she prescribes only an antihistamine for the patient with common cold for two days at bed time and asks the patient to come after two days but on other side the mind-set of the patient will be such that there exists a pill for every illness which makes them to think that particular doctor has not prescribed more drugs which may be due to lack of knowledge and so immediately the patient will go to another doctor who will prescribe at least 3 drugs one antihistamine, one antibiotic and analgesic for the common cold because of which the mind-set of people gets corrupted. Thus, the undue pressure by the patients on the health care providers/practioners to prescribe a greater number of drugs is one of the most troublesome factors which contributes for irrational use of medicines. Macfarlane et al had also proved that in the treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections the inclusion of antibiotic in the prescription was around 74%, of which patient pressure was the main reason in more than half.


For a basic description of these experiments and their theoretical significance see Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.33, p.316 (1974). The authors report experiments, with close control of detector pulse height distribution, on /sup 6/Li, /sup 3/He, /sup 12/C and /sup 14/N.


This book describes the history of the H.M.S Royalist in Kiribati. In 1892 Admiral Edward Henry Meggs Davis from the H.M.S Royalist declared Kiribati a British Protectorate. During his time in Kiribati he collected 259 objects which were dispersed in museums in Europe and New Zealand. This book brings these collections together, describing their use and materials. The main text is also translated into Kiribati (translation by Atiuta Mataiti).


We propose an experimental setup to test the effect of curved spacetime upon the extraction of entanglement from the quantum field vacuum to a pair of two-level systems. We consider two superconducting qubits coupled to a dc-SQUID array embedded into an open microwave transmission line, where an external bias can emulate a spacetime containing a traversable wormhole. We find that the amount of vacuum entanglement that can be extracted by the qubits depends on the wormhole parameters. At some distances qubits which would be in a separable state in flat spacetime would become entangled due to the analogue wormhole background.


Road crashes are mainly caused by three factors which are humans, roads, and vehicles. Geometric design plays a significant role in every road and it is influential in road alignment. Proper Geometric design will help in reducing road crashes. The reviews say that safety can be increased by increasing the lane width and shoulder width. Also, the crash rates are directly proportional to the curve sharpness. When the geometric design is performed manually, it is very cumbersome, time-consuming, and highly liable to costly errors. In this present study, OpenRoads software is employed for the geometric design of the Puthupally - Manarcad road stretch (about 3.5 km) in the Kottayam district. Project Stretch connects SH-9 at Puthupally and NH- 183 at Manarcad. The design method includes Terrain modeling, Horizontal alignment, Vertical Alignment, Corridor and Template Creation, Superelevation, and Plan and profiles production.


Objective To investigate the main types of the blunt trauma of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) induced by mandible impact and to discuss the concept of TMJ traumatic arthritis.Methods The radiograph and clinical data of 41 cases with TMJ traumatic arthritis but without condylar fractures was investigated.Results It has been found that 70% of the impact sites were mentums and/or mandible angles;all the cases in the present study could be classified into the disk disorders,synovitis,myositis of jaw muscle,adhesion,and mixed pathological changes.Conclusion TMJ blunt trauma was mainly induced by the impact of mandible mentum and angle;TMJ traumatic arthritis induced by blunt trauma was mainly mixed pathological changes and a period of one month was suggested to be the boundary of the acute and chronic traumatic arthritis.


The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) is a scaled model to investigate the physics of such intense beams. It uses a 10‐keV electron beam along with other scaled beam parameters that model the larger machines but at a lower cost. Recently, multi turn operation of the ring (3.6 m diameter) has been achieved. In order to have full current transport of the electron beam, and to increase the number of turns of the beam around the ring, injection of the beam from the straight section into the ring becomes crucial. In this work, we report experimental results from the injection and matching of a space charge dominated beam and an emittance dominated beam. We also describe and analyze two methods of injection of the electron beam from the straight section into the ring. In one of the methods, the two injection quads are fixed to a preset value, while in the other both the injection quads are switched off (Collins injection).


Demand Side Management (DSM) has been proposed to reduce energy load and provide savings to customers in deregulated markets. Currently, United States residential electric prices are not based on real-time. This paper explores potential customer preferences to Real Time Pricing (RTP), or different prices for electricity based on time of day and weather. A survey of 147 residential customers examined willingness to shift demand to off-peak hours for 11 typical household appliances. Price differentials were then developed to analyze effects. These preliminary results demonstrate potential for residential customers to shift demand if RTP was enacted in the United States.


Braille printers are the most convenient way to emboss the texts on a Braille paper. But existing embossers are multiple times more expensive than the normal printers. In this paper, an innovative design of a low cost Braille printer is presented. The design being not dependent on expensive tools is an efficient solution. In the proposed Braille system, major concentration is given to develop the actuators which emboss the impressions on the Braille paper to make dots to decode text language in Braille format. Unlike conventional mechanisms, gear DC motors are utilised to design efficient and inexpensive actuators. Additionally, the overall printing system involves cost efficiently designed inter-dependent components, such as customised printing software, wireless communication system, sensing mechanisms, and compact mechanical setup. Extensive testing under different conditions is carried out and it is found that the proposed design can provide satisfactory embossing performance at a very low cost.


Poverty in South Africa Following the first democratic elections in 1994, South Africa experienced a shift from an apartheid-based state to a democratic, egalitarian society, a shift which took place in the context of globalisation. Among the structural injustices inherited from the apartheid system, poverty is particularly prominent and compounds all others. The existence of a socially conscious government in South Africa has firmly placed the need to address poverty high on the nation's agenda. Policy development and resources set aside by government are testimony to the fact that the government is committed to providing a better life for all by fighting poverty (Mubangizi, 2004).


eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. Abstract: Representatives of facilities that routinely deliver protons for radiation effect testing are collaborating to establish a set of standard best practices for proton dosimetry. These best practices will be submitted to the ASTM International for adoption. Abstract -- Representatives of facilities that routinely deliver protons for radiation effect testing are collaborating to establish a set of standard best practices for proton dosimetry. These best practices will be submitted to the ASTM International for adoption. TID effects) or particularly flux dependent (e.g. enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) effects).


Designing highly survivable interoffice telecommunication networks is considered. The problem is formulated as a minimum-cost network design problem with three node connectivity constraints. These valid and facet-defining inequalities for the convex hull of the solution are presented. A branch and cut algorithm is proposed based on the inequalities to obtain the optimal solution. With the lower bound by the cutting plane algorithm, a delete-ink heuristic is proposed to otain a good upper bound in the branch and bound procedure. The effeciveness of the branch and cut algorithm is demonstrated with computational results for a variety of problem sets : different lower bounds, two types of link costs and large number of links. The cutting plane procedure based on the three inequalities provides excellent lower bounds to the optimal solutions.


The paper proposes an explanation of the event internal – event external distinction within the class of pluractionals by resorting to the notions of encapsulation and decomposition, as defined in Dynamic Plural Logic. Two Spanish pluractional periphrases, incremental ir and frequentative andar, will be placed in the first category, while Romanian pluractional adverb tot will be placed in the second.


Spiroplasma, parasitic or commensal bacteria, can swim by switching the handedness of its helical cell body. A helical cell body is formed by an internal ribbon of MreB, an actin superfamily, and Spiroplasma-specific fibril proteins. Here we have solved the structure of the fibril filament by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy at 3.6 Å resolution and built its atomic structure. The structure is composed of repeated rings and cylinders. The N-terminal cylinder of the fibril protein shows a structure similar to that of S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase, while the C-terminal ring does not show similarity to other proteins. The filament is nonpolar and flexible, possessing a helical pitch of 700 nm, consistent with cell helicity. Cryo-electron tomography revealed aligned several MreB filaments in the center of the ribbon, flanked by membrane-binding fibril filaments through electrostatic interactions. This study discusses the evolution and roles of the fibril filament.


n Dibehenyl fumarate monomer (DBF) was synthesized by direct esterification of fumaric acid and behenyl alcohol(C 18~22 alcohols with C 22 +C 20 80% and C 18 20%), its copolymers (FVA) with vinyl acetate were obtained by solution free radical copolymerization using BPO as initiator. The structure of monomer and copolymers were confirmed by IR and 1H NMR. The obtained copolymers can be used as the flow improvers for waxy oil, viscose oil and residual oil. It can depress the pour point of Huabei waxy oil by 21℃, reduce the viscosity of KeLaMaYi viscose oil by 75.21%(5℃) and of Xinjiang Cainan crude oil by 48.21%(10℃) and 53.69%(15℃) when containing 100mg/kg polymeric additives. And it can depress the pour point of Daqing residuam by 13℃, reduce its viscosity by 42.1% when 1000mg/kg polymeric additives is added.


N. gaditana wet biomass 25% dry biomass; 12% SLs of dry biomass Reuse of R. oryzae lipase. In three reaction cycles biodiesel the conversion decreased a 58% Lipid extraction ethanolhexane + crystallization in acetone: 95%SLs (49% polar lipids) Optimization of transesterification conditions: 0.7 g RO/g SL, 11/1 methanol/SL (mol/mol); 10 mL tbutanol/g SL, 35oC, 72 h, 130 rpm. Methanol + solvent Intracellular lipase from Rhizopus oryzae grown in our laboratory Fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel). Conversion: 81% Lipid extraction hexane + crystallization in acetone: 61% SLs (37.5% polar lipids) Transesterification conditions previously established as optimal Homogenization at 1200 bar Reuse of lipase. In three reaction cycles the biodiesel conversion decreased a 14% Fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel). Conversion: 83%


A classical molecular dynamics simulation of a monolayer of sodium laurate (dodecanoate) at the air−water interface has been carried out. We found highly curved, dynamic structural features within the soap monolayer during the simulation. Introduction of salt in the water appears to suppress the formation of these structural patterns, indicating that electrostatic repulsion among anionic headgroups is a key component in creating these structures.


I am very excited about the upcoming launch of Children, a journal dedicated to the streamlined yet scientifically rigorous electronic dissemination of peer-reviewed science related to childhood health and disease in developed and developing countries. The future of our world depends on the health and well-being of all its children. Thus, the global health issues facing children today will determine medical history. Unfortunately, as the world becomes more of a global information village in many respects, there have remained impediments to eliminating regional disparities in sharing health information, be it in the fields of infectious diseases, nutrition or cancer risks, to name but a few. It is my hope that Children will be a forum for sharing information, and engaging in discussions and dialogue relevant to the care of children, unimpeded by limitations imposed by traditional print media. We also hope to dedicate entire issues to timely and relevant single-topic publications. [...]


The present invention discloses a method for making virtual container frame analysis and its equipment. Said equipment includes STM-W frame obtaining device for obtaining STM-N frame from mapping cascade mapped SDH data flow, segment overhead detection device for making segment overhead detection of STM-N frame and virtual container frame separation; and virtual container frame detection device for detecting separated-out virtual container frame. Said invention also provides the concrete steps of said virtual container frame analysis method. The utilization of said invention can implement automation of analysis, and can raise development efficiency of FPGA/ASIC.


Previous work on the acoustic discrimination of fricative contrasts has commonly studied categories which are not held to vary phonemically; instead the focus is placed on accounting for variation in the salience of the mapping between acoustic information and phonemic categories. The present study addresses a set of contrasts – the posterior obstruents /x, ɦ, kh/ in Assamese – where /ɦ/ fortition and /kh/ lenition processes interact with the identifiability of the velar fricative differentially according to positional and speaker characteristics. A series of principal components logistic regression models were applied at cumulative time windows over consonant and vowel intervals in words produced by Assamese speakers from Jorhat and Nalbari districts to model the system as a function of these potential conditioning factors. The velar-glottal model was found to reduce significantly in accuracy when applied to Jorhat female data relative to Jorhat/Nalbari male data (71% as compared with 90) as well as rela...


Radialenes are a unique class of star-shaped cyclic hydrocarbons that have double bonds radiating out from each carbon in the ring. Chemists have made the three-, four-, and six-membered ring versions of these polyenes in the past, but never [5]radialene. It has always been deemed too unstable. An Australian research team including Emily G. Mackay and Michael S. Sherburn of Australian National University and Michael N. Paddon-Row of the University of New South Wales has done a little computational detective work to find out why. Using the clues they turned up, the researchers developed a synthetic strategy to make [5]radialene for the first time. "The structure and properties of [5]radialene are of great interest for chemists, not only from a synthetic perspective, but also for the physical organic chemistry of the molecule," comments Norihiro Tokitoh of Kyoto University, in Japan, whose group has synthesized radialenes. "With this missing molecule in ...


Drying is perhaps the oldest, most common and most diverse of chemical engineering unit operations. Over four hundred types of dryers have been reported in the literature while over one hundred distinct types are commonly available [1]. Spray drying, amongst other technologies, is a well‐established technology for the production of amorphous products. It offers the possibility to modify powder characteristics such as particle size, particle morphology, crystallinity and the amount of residual solvent [2]. In this work, the possibility of obtaining a stable amorphous solid dispersion of 5‐(4‐(4‐(5‐ Cyano‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)butyl)piperazin‐1‐yl)benzofuran‐2‐carboxamide hydrochloride and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in a spray‐dryer was examined. Taking into account solubility of all ingredients, their crystallization and chemical stability, influence of material of construction on their stability, optimal system for spray drying process was chosen. A solution of the hydrochloride crystalline structure of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and polymer in a mixture of water and acetonitrile was dried at different temperatures, nozzle configurations and flow rates of nitrogen used for atomization, as well as the flow rates of the solution. The influence of the process conditions on the properties of the product was analyzed. The final dried products were characterized and identified with a variety of analytical and physical methods. The results showed that a stable amorphous solid dispersion of the high purity active pharmaceutical ingredient is obtained with a spray drying, and that the optimal conditions of the process are defined.


This researh purpose to know the efect of used participates learning buzz group Againts Result Study of Mengaplikasikan Keterampilan Dasar Komunikasi in SMK Swasta Raksana 2 Medan on academic Year 2012/2013 .
 The type of current research was experimental with population generated from all class ini SMK Swasta Raksana 2 Medan on Academic Year 2012/2013. Consisted of two class, totally 68 students. In XAP_1 class as experimental class by used participates learning buzz group and in XAP_2 class as control class by used conventional learning. The sample were taken by sample total sampling.
 Instrument used to measure students learning outcomes in the form of Mengaplikasikan Keterampilan Dasar Komunikasi test as many as 20 multiple choice items, which had previously been tested for levels of validity, reliability, power differences and difficulty level. The data analysis technique used is the normality the used Lilliefors test, test homogenelly using the F test and test hypotheseus using t-test.
 From the result of giving post test done for two classes, we can see average of students studying result, experiment class is 76,17 and the highest score is 90 and the lowest score is 60 with S 6,96. The average of studentss studying result control class is 71,17 and the highest score is 80 and lowest score is 65 with S 4,44. The result of data analysis showed t_account > t_tabel(6,59 > 1,9335). There for, it can be concluded that there was the differentiation between the students achievement which used participate learning buzz group with conventional learning in XAP class SMK Swasta Raksana 2 Medan on Academic Year 2012/2013. It means that the students Mengaplikasikan Keterampilan Dasar Komunikasi achievement is higher by used participates learning buzz group than by used conventional learning.


Leopold Sedar Senghor (1906–2001), Birago Diop (1906–1989) and Chinua Achebe (1931–) were among the first African intellectuals to make their fellow Africans aware of the riches of their oral literature and proud of their cultural treasures. The two francophone writers from Senegal were major figures of the Negritude movement, while the anglophone Nigerian became famous with , the best-known African novel of the last century. The aim of this essay is to show the importance of the impact of African orature in the creative writing of African authors despite the ostensible differences in their colonial linguistic backgrounds.


In the 114 years which have elapsed since the publication o f the first Cana dian folksong collection ,2 we have amassed a trem endous store o f song texts, recorded from oral tradition and deposited in various archives and libraries across the country. This wealth o f recorded material, however, vastly over shadows the available body o f analytical works on the singing habits o f Cana dians, for until recently m ost researchers have been content to collect song texts with only a minim um o f contextual information. It was this consideration which prompted m e in 1977 to propose to the National M useum o f Man a col lecting project which would include a study o f the total singing tradition o f a com m unity where song is still a vital part o f the contemporary lifestyle. Fieldwork for this project was carried out in the sum mer o f 1977 within the anglophone com m unity o f the central Gatineau Valley in Western Quebec. The research area was defined by the boundaries o f two Roman Catholic parishes which are contained within the townships o f Lapeche and Low in Gatineau County. The majority o f informants, like the majority o f residents o f the field area, were thirdto sixth-generation Canadians, descendants o f the Irish and Irish-Canadian settlers who hom esteaded in the district in the m id nineteenth century. As a social entity, the central Gatineau comm unity is now com posed o f residents o f the study area, mainly senior citizens, plus former residents. This latter group, the children and grandchildren o f county resi dents, live and work in the Ottawa-Hull metropolitan district, but maintain close ties with the rural population. Thus not all o f the informants for this pro ject were current residents o f the research area, although all had been raised there and continue to perceive them selves as part o f the rural community. The project resulted in a collection o f 142 songs gathered from 23 infor mants ranging in age from 31 to 84; and a selection o f interviews covering all aspects o f the use o f vocal music within the com m unity, past and present. The collection, ranging from ballads o f the 1798 Irish rebellion to popular hits o f the 1940s, represents a sampling o f the local repertoire rather than an exhaus tive survey, for the pressures o f time necessitated the curtailment o f fieldwork long before all potential informants had been contacted. The persistence o f a folk song tradition within a fifty-mile radius o f the national capital should present no surprise to anyone familiar with the geographic and cultural region o f which Gatineau County is part — that is, the Ottawa Valley. Defined by the watershed o f the Ottawa River system , " The V alley," as it is locally known, includes the Ontario river front counties o f Renfrew, Carleton, Russell, and Prescott, as well as Lanark and the northern portions o f G renville, Dundas, Storm ont, and Glengarry; and the Quebec counties o f Pontiac, Gatineau, Hull, and Papineau. In spite o f massive post war growth within the Ottawa-Hull metropolitan area, the region has managed to maintain its cultural integrity to a surprising degree, and continues to exist


The Covid-19 crisis has tested the resilience of India's health system. Shortage of personnel and underfunded infrastructure are amongst the symptoms of India's ill public health system. In the first article of this new series on health issues in India, Christophe Jaffrelot, Senior Research Fellow at CERI-SciencesPo/CNRS and Vihang Jumle, Project Officer at TRAFFIC WWF India, provide an analysis of the effects of the pandemic on the national as well as the state level. This article underlines India's significant regional disparities and assesses the impact of the virus across the country.


This paper develops a dynamic general equilibrium model of a unionized economy to analyze the impact of unconditional basic income schemes on unemployment. Starting from a given level of the unemployment benefits, two reforms are envisaged : one where these benefits are replaced by a higher unconditional grant (the full basic income) and another where the income of the unemployed remains unchanged (the partial basic income). Assuming a proportional tax on earnings and a balanced budget of the State, it is shown that the equilibrium unemployment rate decreases if a partial basic income is implemented. The same conclusion holds for a sufficiently small full basic income.


Distance compression, which refers to the underestimation of ego-centric distance to objects, is a common problem in immersive virtual environments. Besides visually compensating the compressed distance, several studies have shown that auditory information can be an alternative solution for this problem. In particular, reverberation time (RT) has been proven to be an effective method to compensate distance compression. To further explore the feasibility of applying audio information to improve distance perception, we investigate whether users' egocentric distance perception can be calibrated, and whether the calibrated effect can be carried over and even sustain for a longer duration. We conducted a study to understand the perceptual learning and carryover effects by using RT as stimuli for users to perceive distance in IVEs. The results show that the carryover effect exists after calibration, which indicates people can learn to perceive distances by attuning reverberation time, and the accuracy even remains a constant level after 6 months. Our findings could potentially be utilized to improve the distance perception in VR systems as the calibration of auditory distance perception in VR could sustain for several months. This could eventually avoid the burden of frequent training regimens.


With the dominance of Western-based public relations models and theories, non-Western practitioners across the globe instinctively attempt to implement them, often unsuccessfully, regardless of their surrounding environment. This study compares and analyses differences between Asian and Western approaches to business and therefore public relations. While the Western practitioners predominantly practiced symmetrical communication models, the Asian practitioners only idealised these models but depended upon press-agentry/publicity and the public information model. Other models such as the personal influence and cultural interpreter models were heavily used in Asia. A review of business practices revealed that in Asia, the line between business and personal relationships is extremely blurred. Further analysis revealed that cultural dimensions and topois were even more varied between the two regions. While the Western region adulates individualism, the Asian region sees it as an act of selfishness and prefers collectivism and hierarchy to maintain harmony within the community. A strong connection exists between culture and business practices, which in turn directly affect public relations practice, making the use of generic Western-based public relations models complex and unsuitable for the non-Western society. This paper highlights a research opportunity to empirically analyse and understand the Asian business and the implications for models of public relations.


In this paper, we present our approach and the system description for the Social Media Mining for Health Applications (SMM4H) Shared Task 1,2 and 4 (2019). Our main contribution is to show the effectiveness of Transfer Learning approaches like BERT and ULMFiT, and how they generalize for the classification tasks like identification of adverse drug reaction mentions and reporting of personal health problems in tweets. We show the use of stacked embeddings combined with BLSTM+CRF tagger for identifying spans mentioning adverse drug reactions in tweets. We also show that these approaches perform well even with imbalanced dataset in comparison to undersampling and oversampling.


This invention relates to one system for connection between IP multi-media system area and circuit exchange short message, which comprises the following steps: connecting IP multi-media system and circuit exchange area through information net gate; the said gate receives dialogue initial agreement information from IP multi-media system to convert short message to point agreement information; according to router sending to circuit exchange area and to receive circuit exchange area short message point to point agreement and convert into dialogue agreement message; according router sending to IPmulti-media system area. This invention relates to one method to realize IP multi-media system area and circuit exchange connection based on above system.


The continuing evolution of technique and devices used in laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has allowed successful application of this minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of liver disease. However, the type of instruments by energy sources and technique used vary among each institution. We reviewed the literature to seek the best technique for parenchymal transection, which was proposed as one of the important clinical question in the 2nd International Consensus Conference on LLR held on October 2014. While publications have described transection techniques used in LLR from 1991 to June 2014, it is difficult to specify the best technique and device for laparoscopic hepatic parenchymal transection, owing to a lack of randomized trials with only a small number of comparative studies. However, it is clear that instruments should be used in combination with others based on their functions and the depth of liver resection. Most authors have reported using staplers to secure and divide major vessels. Preparation for prevention of unexpected hemorrhaging particularly in liver cirrhosis, the Pringle's maneuver and prompt technique for hemostasis should be performed. We conclude that hepatobiliary surgeons should select techniques based on their familiarity with a concrete understanding of instruments and individualize to the procedure of LLR. © Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery


From October to May each year, large numbers of olive ridley turtles congregate in the offshore waters of Orissa on the east coast of India. Their mass nesting occurs primarily at three beaches—the Nasi islands inside Gahirmatha marine sanctuary, and the mouths of the Devi and Rushikulya rivers (Pandav et al 1994). During the early 1990s, conservationists and biologists started to observe an increasing number of dead turtles being washed ashore along the Orissa coast. Fishing nets, with bodies of turtles entangled in them, were also found washed up on the beaches. By the late 1990s, 15,000 turtles were being killed every year, mostly breeding females (Pandav 2000). This is perhaps the highest death toll of an endangered species in the world today.


In this paper, we present a new class of volumetric displays that can be used to display 3D objects. The basic approach is to trade off the spatial resolution of a digital projector (or any light engine) to gain resolution in the third dimension. Rather than projecting an image onto a 2D screen, a depth-coded image is projected onto a 3D cloud of passive optical scatterers. The 3D point cloud is realized using a technique called Laser Induced Damage (LID), where each scatterer is a physical crack embedded in a block of glass or plastic. We show that when the point cloud is randomized in a specific manner, a very large fraction of the points are visible to the viewer irrespective of his/her viewing direction. We have developed an orthographic projection system that serves as the light engine for our volumetric displays. We have implemented several types of point clouds, each one designed to display a specific class of objects. These include a cloud with uniquely indexable points for the display of true 3D objects, a cloud with an independently indexable top layer and a dense extrusion volume to display extruded objects with arbitrarily textured top planes and a dense cloud for the display of purely extruded objects. In addition, we show how our approach can be used to extend simple video games to 3D. Finally, we have developed a 3D avatar in which videos of a face with expression changes are projected onto a static surface point cloud of the face.


This paper reviews various procedures of standardization and component analysis which utilize vector or matrix multiplication or are based on regression analysis. Substantive examples using these techniques are drawn from demography and from previous studies of the occupational mobility and income difference of blacks and whites. Modifications of decomposition equations found in the latter studies are developed which take statistical interaction into account. Finally, Michelson's relatively unknown approach to multiple component analysis is presented, together with our own explorations of the properties of this type of analysis.


Karl Freudenberg (he did not use the name Johann) notably exemplified the correlation between chemical eminence and longevity. He was born a contemporary of Michel Eugène Chevreul, who was himself for some years contemporary with Joseph Black. It was observed of Chevreul that he worked as if he had all the time in the world, but Providence vouchsafed him just that. Freudenberg, on the other hand, laboured strenuously and fruitfully all through a long working life.


Sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias are life-threatening events, which in about one half of the cases are refractory to medical therapy. In those patients cardiac surgery with aneurysmectomy and endocardial resection offers a curative approach, if the origin of ventricular tachycardia can be identified by mapping procedures. The authors therefore developed a mapping system, which allows one to record 256 channels simultaneously. The input amplifiers have been designed to record from a high impedance source with low voltage output in the noisy environment of the operating theatre. The amplifiers are DC-shock proved, electrically uncoupled by isolation amplifiers, and allow unipolar or bipolar recording of signals. Multi-site stimulation is possible from any amplifier input controlled by the computer. The computer mapping system allows fast and accurate determination of the site of origin of ventricular tachycardia even if only short runs of tachycardia are inducible by ventricular stimulation.


MEDICAL ARGOT: DISCURSIVE REGISTER COMPLEXIFIED BY VERY DIVERSE USES Based on the theorical framework that Guiomar Ciapuscio suggests in Textos especializados y terminologia (2003), and particularly in her concept of "multilevel systems", we proposed to typify a register that has been hardly studied to present: the oral medical slang, that presents rich and varied nuances and complexity. The medical argot has characteristics of a criptic language, not accesible to the layman, but it is singular because it is not used as a protection in face of a third party, as other slangs such as "germania" language is. Instead it is used as a protection of third parties (such as pacients or family members) in a courtesy signal to attenuate the emotional impact implied in the communication of unpleasant information. The self-defense trait may nevertheless be present if we take into account the sarcasm, humor and even vulgarity that are quite often found in the register. They could be justified as a protective attitude of the medic in view of the stressful experience of cohabiting with limit situations (pain and death mainly). This function of protection for third parties and of self – protection in face of traumatic day to day experiences are psico-socialdiscursive components that make the study of this register attractive.The combination of so diverse variables has allowed us to typify this medic register, differentiating it in sub registers that depend on the combinations of them.


This paper made a thorough investigation of the wildlife resource status of Pinellia ternata(Thunb)in Nanchong, provided a scientific basis for Pinellia ternata further exploifation by means of reading up the literature and doing fieldwork, gathering and distionguishing samples, utilizing statistic and analyse, keeping abreast of the resource distribut, reserves, purchase, process, market and so on. The aim is to suggest establishing culture expmplary base of Pinellia Ternata(Thunb)in Nanchong.


We present closed forms for the exponential of some infinitesimal generators of Lie groups which play an important role in physics and engineering applications. These explicit forms are based on the Putzer's method. We also compare this methodology and results with related work by other authors.


The National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the most important depository of the national and cultural history of the country, was destroyed on August 25-27, 1992. Since the start of the war in April 1992, and particularly after the destruction of the library, the living and working conditions of the librarians, as well as other citizens of Sarajevo, have been influenced by the brutality of the war. The author shows particular examples of librarians' determination to preserve what was left of the library and to continue the library services during the siege of Sarajevo. The article gives a firsthand observation of the human and cultural destruction in this tragic period. It also describes examples of responses by the international community, types of assistance, and current support for the librarians of the National and University Library.


Chip-level modeling techniques in the evaluation of fault tolerant systems were researched. A fault tolerant computer was modeled. An efficient approach to functional fault simulation was developed. Simulation software was also developed.


The electrical resistivity of Fe2+0.95Fe3+2.05O2+4, Ni2+0.51Fe2+0.46Fe1.95,3+O2−4, and Ni0.89,2+Fe2+0.13Fe3+2.11O2−4 single crystals was determined at >300°K. The dc resistivity up to 800°K shows a monotonic decrease with increased temperature, with an average activation energy of 0.065 eV independent of temperature and Fez+ concentration. The ac resistivity, at frequencies of 540 kHz to 34 MHz up to 450°K, shows temperature and frequency dependences of the relative dielectric constant similar to that found when true dielectric relaxation occurs, with the activation energy depending slightly on frequency and ferrous ion content.


This hot-stamping device (1) is a hot-stamping device for hot stamping a metal material (9) coated with a Zn-Ni plating, and is equipped with: a first die (21); a movable body (33) capable of relative movement toward and away from the first die; a second die (31) for working in conjunction with the first die and performing a first molding of the metal material, and supported by the movable body; a third die (32) for working in conjunction with the first die and performing a second molding of the metal material, and supported by the movable body; and a switching device (34) capable of switching the relative position of the third die in relation to the second die in the toward-away direction.


We present numerical simulation results for driven vortex lattices in presence of random disorder at zero temperature. The dynamics of vortices is studied for strong disorder. Plastic regimes at the depinning transition are analysed. The scenario of a second order phase transition ν ~ (F — Fc)β for the velocity v emerges. The exponent β ~ 1.2 is extracted from the critical region of several lattice sizes. Furthermore, the dynamical regimes at the depinning threshold are shown to be chaotic.


Comparison study on free vibration of circular cylindrical shells between thin and moderately thick shell theories when using the exact dynamic stiffness method (DSM) formulation is presented. Firstly, both the thin and moderately thick dynamic stiffness formulations are examined. Based on the strain and kinetic energy, the vibration governing equations are expressed in the Hamilton form for both thin and moderately thick circular cylindrical shells. The dynamic stiffness is assembled in a similar way as that in classic skeletal theory. With the employment of the Wittrick-Williams algorithm, natural frequencies of circular cylindrical shells can be obtained. A FORTRAN code is written and used to compute the modal characteristics. Numerical examples are presented, verifying the proposed computational framework. Since the DSM is an exact approach, the advantages of high accuracy, no-missing frequencies, and good adaptability to various geometries and boundary conditions are demonstrated. Comprehensive parametric studies on the thickness to radius ratio ( ) and the length to radius ratio ( ) are performed. Applicable ranges of are found for both thin and moderately thick DSM formulations, and influences of on frequencies are also investigated. The following conclusions are reached: frequencies of moderately thick shells can be considered as alternatives to those of thin shells with high accuracy where   is small and is large, without any observation of shear locking.


A multi-station stamping die comprises an upper die holder and a lower die holder which are relatively arranged. A surface of the upper die holder opposite to the lower die holder is provided with three convex die plates in parallel mode, and a surface of the lower die holder opposite to the upper die holder is provided with three concave die plates in parallel mode, and positions of the convex die plates are opposite to and matched with those of the concave die plates. The multi-station stamping die is characterized in that middle convex die plates of the three convex die plates are extensible die plates, the middle convex die plates are hung on the upper die holder through an extension-contraction guide mechanism, and two sides of the extension-contraction guide mechanism are provided with workpiece positioning devices. The middle convex die plates of the upper die holder of the multi-station stamping die are designed to be extensible structures and take the lead in conducting partial forming works, and a forming part is located in the middle of a workpiece, thereby enabling stress stressed on horizontal steel plates to be dispersed, lessened and even. Therefore, the multi-station stamping die does not have cracking, can realize pressing steel plates with five grooves in one time and has the advantages of being good in consistency of batch products and high in accuracy of product size and production efficiency.


The aim of this article was evaluate de relationship among feeding index and reproductive cycle in male red-piau (Leporinus copelandii), in the low basin of paraiba do sul river. Fishes were collected monthly, from February 1998 to march 1999, and obtained the following param-eters: total condition factor (k1) and somatic (k2), stomach repletion index (SRI) and stomach repletion stage (SRS), and gonadal maturation. in general, condition and gonadal parameters showed an inverse relation with nutritional parameters. during the spawning season (september to January), was observed low values of SRS and SRI, fol-lowing an increase of these parameters after spawning, and it seems to be a natural mechanism of corporal condition recovering. Key-Words: Leporinus, fish, reproduction, reproductive biology.


This paper addresses the problem of RF-based wide-area human motion monitoring in indoor multipath environments. A major challenge for conventional pulse-Doppler radar in multipath scenarios is the difficulty in discriminating direct-path targets from ghost returns due to multipath scattering. In this paper, the ability of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) RF probe to discern both direction-of-departure (DoD) and direction-of-arrival (DoA) via "non-causal" beamforming is exploited for indoor motion monitoring. Preliminary results with real data are presented which demonstrate the sidelobe suppression and multipath mitigation achieved. Also, MIMO processing is analyzed using the bi-directional beampattern and spectrum defined herein.


Distiller waste produced in ammonia-soda process restricts the development of soda industry. In this study, the polymorph transformation and crystallization mechanism of calcium carbonate in the reactive extraction-crystallization coupled process were investigated. The results show that carbon dioxide (CO2) is first absorbed by the organic phase and then transferred to the aqueous phase. Calcium bicarbonate is generated and then decomposed into amorphous calcium carbonate rapidly. Temperature has a significant effect on the polymorph of calcium carbonate. Needle-like aragonite forms preferentially at higher temperatures and spherical and flower-like vaterite forms preferentially at lower temperatures. Both of them will finally transform into rhombic calcite by dissolution and recrystallization. At 20℃, the formation of new vaterite and its transformation to calcite occur simultaneously in the coupled process. The content of vaterite in the particles increases with the increase of CO2 concentration.


Selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonists have demonstrated relevant antiinflammatory effects in different animal models. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of one of these agonists, ERB‐041, in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).


A hybrid control system is introduced which can simultaneously optimise dead time and reverse inductor current with both the proposed switched capacitor delay dead time controller and the unbalanced input pair zero current detector (UIP-ZCD). Furthermore, the total silicon chip area of the hybrid control system occupies an area of 1.44 mm2. The estimated power efficiency is 95.8%, taking into account the losses due to wire bonding, package leads and PCB traces. The V IN_BUCK is 2.8–3.3 V, being regulated to a V OUT value of 1.8 V while driving 5–30 mA of load current. The proposed UIP-ZCD is implemented in the buck converter which minimises the duration of reverse inductor current to be <1 ns.


In this paper, we focus on traffic engineering technologies for the demands of users who are flexible in terms of use time. These technologies are called "bandwidth calendaring and much research has been conducted on them. Most of them are assumed to be applied to bandwidth assignment on WANs connected to data centers. We are interested in balancing the loads on links so as to accommodate as many demands arriving after allocation as possible on a network.For this purpose, we propose a bandwidth calendaring model for balancing link loads. This model is formulated as a dynamic optimization problem with nonlinear link cost functions. We propose a high speed algorithm that uses the network structure of the problem. Numerical experiments will clarify the effectiveness of the proposed model and actual computation in a practical-scale network.


The invention discloses fermentable silk spore yeast strain and a method for preparing microbial oil with lignocellulose hydrolyzate. The method for preparing the yeast strain comprises the following steps of: taking the fermentable silk spore yeast CICC 1368 as the original strains, performing the ultraviolet ray mutagenesis and the composite mutagenesis of the ultraviolet ray and the LiCl, obtaining the high-yield strains by means of fermenting and screening, and naturalizing the obtained strains in the lignocellulose hydrolyzate to finally obtain the oil yeast strain CCTCC M209060 which can effectively accumulate the oil in the lignocellulose hydrolyzate. The strains has high oil yield compared with the original strains, can effectively accumulate the oil in the lignocellulose hydrolyzate which contains the inhibitor with higher concentration, and offers the probability for preparing the microbial oil with low cost, high efficiency and large scale.


The quality of one's sleep can be influenced by several factors, including environmental conditions, physical, activity, and lifestyle. In the process of studying in tertiary institutions, students have various kinds of challenges. Students who have poor sleep quality will experience various problems both related to academic and non-academic activities. In general, the authors conclude that the independent variable simultaneously does not significantly influence the dependent variable. Exercise habits have no significant effect on sleep quality and the burden of college work has no significant effect on sleep quality. The independent variable can explain the dependent variable by 9.7%, while 90.3% is explained by other factors not included in the model. The resulting Linear Regression Model is Y (Sleep Quality) = 3.442 - 0.149 X1 + 0.230 X2. This explains that sleep quality decreases by 0.149 if exercise habits increase by one unit. In other words, any decrease in sleep quality requires exercise habits. Sleep quality decreases by 0.230 if the burden of college assignments rises by one unit. In other words, any decrease in sleep quality requires exercise habits.


Adding the method of inputting intelligent ABC in Windows95, is a kind of popular method to inputting Chinese.It is on the basis of Chinese phonetic alphabet,inputting phrases mainly.To grasp the way to input,learners should study seven operating skills,which include inputting English while inputting Chinese, direct inputting English marks,inputting Chinese figures in different ways,etc.


An efficient zooming algorithm for single-sensor digital cameras is introduced. Excellent objective results and sharp, visually pleasing colour outputs are achieved using a colour difference model and an adaptive edge sensing mechanism. Operating on the noise-free colour filter array data, the approach greatly reduces complexity at the hardware level.


Using routine observational data,T 106 model physical quantity products an d satellite images,the physical mechanism of the exceedingly torrential rain a nd elements feature were described.


1,2,3,4UG Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engg, Gurudeva Institute of Science and Technology (GISAT), INDIA ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Open bore wells are always a trap. And the accidents can't be avoided till now. Therefore, a practical, safe, and efficient rescue system becomes necessary. But still, the techniques are impractical. This project aims at designing a system that is capable of rescuing the child with ease, safe, and within less time. There are methods or techniques which can save the child from the borewell. But it may be impractical to do it with a single method. Therefore, this project consists of providing the provision for the inclusion of multiple rescue methods, which provides the possibility of choosing the best method to save. In our project, we plan to combine the various methods of rescuing, some of which do exist today. The design system is adaptable to the diameter of the bore well which varies from 8 inches to 12 inches. The system consists of a camera, lights, oxygen supplier, balloon technology, and umbrella technique. Using sensors and camera, the depth, position, and state of the child is monitored. The robot is then controlled to choose the appropriate rescue method. With the help of it, the child is prevented from falling into depth again. And the inflated balloon cushion is used to raise the child. The child is raised into a rescue bag to avoid further scratches. Then the whole robot assembly is raised with the child safely.


The white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque, and the short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda Say, 2 small mammal predators of the gypsy moth, have demonstrated the ability to pass significant amounts of infectious nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) through their alimentary tracts. Ninety-five percent of the gypsy moth larvae fed fecal preparations from NPV-challenged mammals died during infectivity tests, whereas only 6% of larvae fed control fecal preparations died. The ability of these mammals to pass large amounts of infectious NPV may be important in the distribution of NPV in the wild.


Steady-state measurement value is the calculation premise of state estimation. However, power grid operates more often under dynamic state in actual practice. Thus, applying measured data from SCADA in state estimation directly lead to the incorrect and inaccurate calculation result. Based on the premise of state estimation calculation, the online electrical measurements and sampling methods are analyzed, and the deviation between real electrical values and sampling data is calculated. The cooperation problem between SCADA data and state estimation is proved using MATLAB/Simulink Software.


Abstract Real Estate development organizations are vulnerable to crises' events due to the complexity of the external environment, internal structure, and operation systems. This paper aims to present, analyze, and compare between two proposed approaches for managing development crises based on system dynamics methodology. Twenty crises' scenarios are identified in order to be utilized in the analysis process of two approaches. These approaches are the conceptual approach and the scenario-based approach. The conceptual approach provides a framework to manage crises in a broad manner using Mitroff's model. The scenario-based approach uses crisis event characteristics to specify its containment policy. The crises' characteristics are identified by analyzing courses with time, classifying attributes, and specifying archetypes. The outcome of the analysis process for both approaches should guide developers and upgrade the quality of their decision in selecting adequate containment policies.


This article explores for the first time the moderating effect of students' readiness for cocreation on the student social media engagement and perceived value relationship. Ping's and Cadogan et al.'s procedures for assessing the structural model with interaction terms were followed. Results based on a sample of 353 university students demonstrated that students who are ready to participate in value creation tend to perceive more value from social media engagement. In particular, when the students perceive role clarity, have higher ability, and are motivated to take active part in creating value, they report high functional, social, and emotional value. This research is expected to impart key insights for scholars, as well as educators and policy makers in tertiary institutions seeking to further understand the nascent student social media engagement concept, and the nature of the student social media engagement/perceived value nexus. A series of recommendations are offered to assist faculty efforts to enhance students' willingness to take active part in value creation. The article concludes with an overview of key research limitations and implications.


tem between its two states, where one of the two systems, material or photon, is in the excited state while the other is in the ground state, and vice-versa. C. Weisbuch (Ecole Polytechnique, Paris) described the strongly-coupled system reali zed by inserting semiconductor quantum wells in a planar Fabry-Perot microcavity consisting of monolithically-integrated, direct ly-grown, quarter-wave layer stacks of mir rors (a so-called distributed-Bragg reflector or DBR) sandwiching a spacer layer (Fig. 2a). The most recent work [3] deals with the observation and understanding of coupled mode luminescence. The in-plane momen tum dispersion curves of cavity polaritons (the coupled-mode dispersion) has been determined from a detailed analysis of the angular-resolved emission and is found to agree with the predicted curves (Fig. 2b). One therefore now understands the basic aspects of cavity-polariton emission. There remain, however, some aspects that need further work. In particular Y. Yamamoto (Stanford and Tokyo) discussed the effects observed at high intensity with stronglycoupled semiconductor quantum wells in microcavities. He modified the usual lightmatter Hamiltonian describing the photon field, the material system, and their inter action by inserting boson operators. The solution led to sidebands instead of the usual Rabi doublet, However, this attributing of luminescence sidebands to "Rabi sidebands" originating in the boson nature of the excitons is at variance with the normal fermionic behaviour of electrons in atoms. Besides the special session, several pre sentations also dealt with photon-controlled structures. F. Yang et al. (Cardiff) reported a 25% improvement of the threshold of hori zontal Fabry-Perot lasers using a planar mi crocavity to suppress unwanted spontaneous emission into vertical modes. Stanley et al. (EPF-Lausanne) demonstrated stronglycoupled multiple microcavities, whereby one couples a material system (quantum wells) with several photon-coupled microcavities. Being able to independently specify the coupling strength between the various oscil lators gives a welcome handle on the con cept of variable or heterogeneous coupling (the cavities, for instance, could associate different materials and functionalities).


Due to the high acoustic variability, children speech recognition suffers significant performance reduction on most ASR systems which are optimized mainly using adults speech with limited or even none children speech. One of the most straight ideas to solve this problem is to increase the children's speech data during training, however, it is restricted by the more difficult process and higher cost when collecting children's speech compared to adults'. In this work, we develop a generative adversarial network (GANs) based data augmentation method to increase the size of children's training data to improve speech recognition performance for children's speech. Two different types of GANs are explored under WGAN-GP training framework, including the unconditional GANs with an unsupervised learning framework and the conditional GANs using acoustic states as conditions. The proposed data augmentation approaches are evaluated on a Mandarin speech recognition task, with only 40-hour children speech or further including 100-hour adult speech in the training. The results show that more than relative 20% WER reduction can be obtained on children speech testset with the proposed method, and the generated children speech with GAN even can improve the adults' speech within our experimental setups.


Introduction The reduction of oxygen under ice sheets is a theory that has been associated with turf damage caused by ice (Beard, 1996). The impermeable characteristics of ice have been shown to prevent the movement of O2 and CO2 by Rakitina (1965). This prevention of gaseous exchange could create hypoxic or even anoxic conditions under continuous ice sheets or allow toxic biological by-products, such as ethanol, to build up under the ice (Andrews, 1977). Dionne et al. (2000) evaluated the atmospheric environments under permeable synthetic covers used to protect putting greens in the winter. They observed that some of the covers created anoxic conditions, which caused a decrease of the LT 50 (lethal temperature required to kill 50% of a population) values for annual bluegrass to decline 7 C after exposure to the anoxia. They also reported a decrease in high molecular weight fructans in hardened annual bluegrass under anoxic conditions. Rochette et al. (2000) also evaluated atmospheric conditions under winter covers. Under impermeable covers, anoxic conditions « 1% O2; > 10% CO2) could develop in less than 60 days. They also observed that hardened annual bluegrass could tolerate these conditions for longer than 40 days.


Formation of hydroperoxide by means of autoxidation of hydrocarbons and epoxidation of olefins in the presence of metal catalysts were reviewed. The yield of hydroperoxides in the autoxidation of hydrocarbons can be calculated by the equation: Y=1-2kt (-dO2/dt) /k2p (RH) 2. However, induced decomposition of hydroperoxide, especially non-radical decomposition reduces the yield of hydroperoxide.Epoxidation of olefins with hydroperoxide proceeds almost quantitatively in the presence of heavy metal catalysts such as Mo-or W-salts at about 100°C. The mechanism of this reaction can be understood as an addition reaction of electrophilic oxygen to olefinic double bond on the basis of various effect of reaction conditions.Commercial process on the epoxidation of olefins by hydroperoxide should be studied from the by-product utilization point of view.


We recall the physical features of the parton distributions in the quantum statistical approach of the nucleon, which allows to describe simultaneously, unpolarized and polarized Deep Inelastic Scattering data. Some predictionsfrom a next‐to‐leading order QCD analysis are compared to recent experimental results and we stress the importance of some tests in the high‐x region, to confirm the validity of this approach.


In the early days, the practical ontological aesthetics expressed the pursuit of harmonious coexistence of man and nature, and deeply realized the ecological crisis. However, it believes that it is possible to solve ecological problems by establishing a new aesthetic perception to supplement and rectify the bias of the practical regularity complying with the objective, which is impossible for the practical ontological aesthetics which seeks beauty and aesthetical nature only from popular practical ideas, because the ecological crisis originated from the overemphasis of the subjective practice. The practical ontological aesthetics should attach importance to the objectivity of Marxist practical theory, and on the practical basis of the relationship of man and nature, correctly grasp the implications of Marxist generative ontology of "nature evolving into man" and the humanist ecology to understand the ecological nature of practice and aesthetics so as to seek the life foundation of the reciprocation from the ontological nature of the aesthetical activity, i.e., rhythm telepathy, and admit that beauty and its laws are inherent in nature. After the ecological adjustment and the self-transcendence of philosophy and aesthetics, the practical ontological aesthetics could unify the ecological care and the ecological theory, and synthesize rational factors of other aesthetic schools to construct a scientific theoretical space and a logical framework.


Results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes-cantilevers modification by focused ion beams (FIB) experimental researches are presented. With use of FIB treatment are received cantilevers with tip radius than 10 nm and aspect ratio 1:50. With the help it is ionic-stimulirovannogo sedimentation by FIB are received cantilevers with a tungsten tip in length 5 microns and radius 50 nm. It is shown that application modified by FIB probes allows increasing resolution and reliability of measurements of test objects by AFM. The received results can be used at research of microand nanoelectronics, microand nanosystems structures.


In this paper the decreasing of the cornea safety margin after excimer laser corrective surgery (laser keratomileusis in situ and photorefractive keratoectomy) concerning myopia and astigmatism of myopia is investigated. Earlier this question was considered on the assumption that the sclera is substantially more rigid shell than the cornea. Thus the cornea was considered as a shallow clamped shell. In given paper problem of consequences of operations of refractive surgery is considered in more realistic statement as a problem on stress-strain state of two spherical circle conjugated isotropic shells which are under the action of uniformly distributed intraocular pressure. The sclera is represented by an unclosed uniform spherical shell. Stress-strain state of the shell was obtained by the asymptotic investigation of complex equation of V. Novozhilov. The cornea connected with the sclera is considered as a shallow isotropic uniform shell of another radius. The stress-strain state of the cornea was obtained by means of shallow shells complex equations of A. Nazarov. The obtained characteristics are presented for the cornea at increased intraocular pressure before and after operation. Influence of the sclera on deformation of the Lamina Cribrosa at glaucoma is also studied. The solution shows that the sclera action brings about change of maximal deflection for 4 % 5 %.


Six essays explore taxation policy and practice, from competition between neighboring cities to increasingly vigorous policing and the packagaing of regressive taxes as "flat."


Bait trays that contained a bait base surrounded by a surface treated with residual treatments of pyrethroids, an organophosphate, and a carbamate were evaluated for German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), control. LC 50 s of baited residual insecticide deposits were 1-3 μg/cm 2 for λ-cyhalothrin, 7-29 μg/cm 2 for cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and cyfluthrin, 55-150 μg/cm 2 for permethrin, and 431-852 μg/cm 2 for bendiocarb. Plastic surfaces provided greater mortality of all stages of German cockroaches at 24 h than aluminum foil and filter paper surfaces; for instance, cypermethrin killed 100% of males on plastic compared with 90% on aluminum and 70% on paper. Also, wettable powder formulations killed significantly higher percentages of German cockroaches than did emulsifiable concentrates and technical active ingredient. LT 50 s of cockroaches confined to treated surfaces were 0.94-1.64 min for cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin, 2.09-4.11 min for cyfluthrin and permethrin, and 15.12-21.62 min for chlorpyrifos and bendiocarb. The use of an inedible bait base significantly enhanced kill of bait trays treated with cypermethrin; 94% of male cockroaches died in 4 d with baited trays compared with 43% mortality with trays containing no bait.


In this report an expert system AKU for diagnostics in acupuncture is described. The injured vital energy channels can be diagnosed using three independent ~ethods: inquiring, Ryodoraku test and Akabane test. The inquiring is constructed as a set of trees whose internal vertices are questions while the leaves are the symptoms of diseases. The production rules describe the correspondence between the symptoms and the state of vital energy "qi" in the channels. AKU is realized by IB:M PC computer and used for acupuncture treatment. The program is coded in Turbo Prolog.


e21545Background: Lynch Syndrome (LS), an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome, is associated with a high risk of multiple cancers and requires lifelong multi-organ cancer surveillance and, in ...


Abstract : Two simplified mathematical models were developed for estimating manpower requirements in the career and non-career Army personnel systems for given conditions of tour duration and allocation quotas. Models for the combined career and non-career (one-term) Army personnel systems were prepared. The first may be used as a tool in estimating manpower requirements when long-tour and CONUS categories are pooled in a single rotation base, the second when it is desirable to study the long-tour overseas category separately.


Background: PSII is a protein complex that captures sunlight to drive water oxidation. Results: Cyanidioschyzon merolae PSII is protected by reversible reaction center-based non-photochemical quenching. Conclusion: C. merolae PSII employs reaction center non-photochemical quenching as the main photoprotective mechanism. Significance: We provide the first direct evidence of the PSII reaction center as the primary locus of non-photochemical quenching in the extremophilic red algae. Members of the rhodophytan order Cyanidiales are unique among phototrophs in their ability to live in extremely low pH levels and moderately high temperatures. The photosynthetic apparatus of the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae represents an intermediate type between cyanobacteria and higher plants, suggesting that this alga may provide the evolutionary link between prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs. Although we now have a detailed structural model of photosystem II (PSII) from cyanobacteria at an atomic resolution, no corresponding structure of the eukaryotic PSII complex has been published to date. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a highly active and robust dimeric PSII complex from C. merolae. We show that this complex is highly stable across a range of extreme light, temperature, and pH conditions. By measuring fluorescence quenching properties of the isolated C. merolae PSII complex, we provide the first direct evidence of pH-dependent non-photochemical quenching in the red algal PSII reaction center. This type of quenching, together with high zeaxanthin content, appears to underlie photoprotection mechanisms that are efficiently employed by this robust natural water-splitting complex under excess irradiance. In order to provide structural details of this eukaryotic form of PSII, we have employed electron microscopy and single particle analyses to obtain a 17 Å map of the C. merolae PSII dimer in which we locate the position of the protein mass corresponding to the additional extrinsic protein stabilizing the oxygen-evolving complex, PsbQ′. We conclude that this lumenal subunit is present in the vicinity of the CP43 protein, close to the membrane plane.


Food webs influence ecosystem diversity and functioning. Contemporary defaunation has reduced food web complexity, but simplification caused by past defaunation is difficult to reconstruct given the sparse paleorecord of predator-prey interactions. We identified changes to terrestrial mammal food webs globally over the past ~130,000 years using extinct and extant mammal traits, geographic ranges, observed predator-prey interactions, and deep learning models. Food webs underwent steep regional declines in complexity through loss of food web links after the arrival and expansion of human populations. We estimate that defaunation has caused a 53% decline in food web links globally. Although extinctions explain much of this effect, range losses for extant species degraded food webs to a similar extent, highlighting the potential for food web restoration via extant species recovery. Description Depauperate webs In the last 50 years, 60% of animal populations have been pushed to extinction. Although already tragic, such losses also have profound impacts on the ecological integrity of biological systems. Fricke et al. looked across mammalian communities globally over the past 130,000 years and found that more than half of the links, or connections, within these communities have been lost (see the Perspective by O'Gorman). This loss is due to extinction of species but also to a reduction in the ranges of extant species because the total numbers of individuals within a species have also declined. Such losses could have profound impact on the long-term persistence and function of ecosystems. —SNV More than half of terrestrial mammal food web links have disappeared because of extinction and range contractions.


Terminating action is a remedial repair which entails the replacement of shear head countersunk rivets with universal head rivets which have a larger shank diameter. The procedure was developed to eliminate the risk of widespread fatigue damage (WFD) in the upper rivet row of a fuselage lap joint. A test and evaluation program has been conducted by Foster-Miller, Inc. (FMI) to evaluate the terminating action repair of the upper rivet row of a commercial aircraft fuselage lap splice. Two full scale fatigue tests were conducted on fuselage panels using the growth of fatigue cracks in the lap joint. The second test was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the terminating action repair. In both tests, cyclic pressurization loading was applied to the panels while crack propagation was recorded at all rivet locations at regular intervals to generate detailed data on conditions of fatigue crack initiation, ligament link-up, and fuselage fracture. This program demonstrated that the terminating action repair substantially increases the fatigue life of a fuselage panel structure and effectively eliminates the occurrence of cracking in the upper rivet row of the lap joint. While high cycle crack growth was recorded in the middle rivet row during the second test, failure was not imminent when the test was terminated after cycling to well beyond the service life. The program also demonstrated that the initiation, propagation, and linkup of WFD in full-scale fuselage structures can be simulated and quantitatively studied in the laboratory. This paper presents an overview of the testing program and provides a detailed discussion of the data analysis and results. Crack distribution and propagation rates and directions as well as frequency of cracking are presented for both tests. The progression of damage to linkup of adjacent cracks and to eventual overall panel failure is discussed. In addition, an assessment of the effectiveness of the terminating action repair and the occurrence of cracking in the middle rivet row is provided, and conclusions of practical interest are drawn.


Heavy use of inhaled beta agonists has been linked to an increased risk for death from asthma, but the nature of this link is controversial. The


The insertion of distributed generator (DG) into distribution systems for performance improvement has been an obvious application. But the choice of DG has been extended to the networked systems as well in the recent years. The penetration level of DG is accelerating due to the liberalization of electricity markets and Technological advances in small generators and energy storage devices. In this paper the DG technology is used for loss reduction in the networked system. Functioning of DG is effective not merely on DG itself, but through proper location and size of the same. In this paper optimal magnitude of power from DG is computed by using a new algorithm (i.e. Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA)), upon finding optimal locations through fuzzy inference system. The proposed combination of GSA and Fuzzy concept is tested on an IEEE 5 bus system, IEEE 14 bus system and 62-bus practical Indian system.


The season of mists and mellow fruitfulness is making its inexorable way into the season of respiratory disease, hypothermia and - oh joy -Christmas shopping.


It has been often occurred for the outside components(BU, SVaC, DB) of UM71c AF track circuits to be broken down caused by some pieces of falling ice in the winter time or by infrastructure repairing equipments while facility maintenance works since 2004, opening of Kyeongbu High Speed Rail Express. In this paper, we proposed that we could move the outside components of UM71c track circuit out of wayside from present place. Then we can assure that the life time of those components would be extended. So we simulated the electrical characteristics by changing cable length using MATLAB Simulinks and we designed the compensation capacitor. Also, we obtained the same results as those of simulation by field demonstration test on site. The design specifications obtained from this field verification test could be applied in the absent section of track circuit, if only have a little more intensified research to compensate changed electrical characteristics and to redesign inner impedance of the track circuit.


Pulmonic Stenosis (PS) is one of the most common congenital heart defects in the dog. A congenital defect is an abnormal development of an anatomical structure during the fetal life and is therefore present since birth. PS is characterised by an obstruction at the level of the pulmonic valve, between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Venous blood returning from the periphery of the body enters the right atrium and then moves into the right ventricle, where it is pumped into the pulmonary artery and lung circulation to be re-oxygenated. If the pulmonic valve, or the anatomical area just below or above the valve, is narrow the blood has to "squirt" through this point to enter the pulmonary artery. This causes a flow turbulence that your vet has detected during auscultation as a "heart murmur". Pulmonic stenosis can develop in any dog breed; however, Beagle, Samoyed, English Bulldogs, Fox terrier, MiniatureSchnauzer, West Highland white terriers, and Chihuahua seem predisposed. In the majority of cases, the valvular lesion is simply caused by an incomplete development of the valve (type A); however, in other cases, other surrounding anatomical structures can be affected (type B). Finally, some cases of PS are caused by an abnormal left coronary artery, which originates from a wrong site and runs around the pulmonary artery causing a sort of "strangulation" at the level of the valve. PS causes a reduced pulmonary flow, which results in reduced blood oxygenation. As a result of this, the dog may become exercise intolerant and may experience fainting episodes. Simultaneously, the right ventricle builds up new muscle fibers to overcome the valvular resistance and becomes thicker. With time, the thicker ventricle will become less compliant causing clinical signs of right-sided heart failure (liver enlargement and fluid in the abdomen). Finally, a thicker ventricle can induce an abnormal heart rhythm, which can also be responsible for fainting Authored by: Dr Luca Ferasin DVM PhD CertVC DipECVIM-CA (Cardiology) MRCVS, European & RCVS Specialist in Veterinary Cardiology


With the growth of internet technologies, e-commerce activities are growing exponentially. It is being used in different IT applications. Electronics contracting is a major part of the e-commerce activity. Contract between the exchanging sides have been adopted as a solution that guarantees the right of participants and increases mutual trust. Electronic contract (e-contract) or Trading Partner agreement (TPA) can be done between the stakeholders involved including the payment authority, buyer & seller. Since the year 1998, open buying on the internet (OBI) protocol is being used for business to business(B2B) internet commerce. XML based frameworks such as BizTalk, commerce XML, eXML, eCo frameworks are increasingly being used to bridge the gap between the buyer and seller. Multiple e-commerce standards need to be integrated in order to have a standard framework. In this paper, the authors have proposed a generalized framework for e–contract considering the domain of e-commerce like B2B, B2C & C2C into consideration.


Sparse coding is widely used in signal and image processing. Highly related to sparse coding method, independent component analysis (ICA) can be used to build a statistical model for image processing. However, in practice, when used in image processing, the effect or efficiency of different ICA algorithms are not well studied. To fill this gap, in this paper, the image denoising performance of four classical ICA algorithms, namely, two different implementations of basic Fast-ICA, natural gradient algorithm and optimized Fast-ICA are studied. Firstly, assumptions required by sparse coding method and ICA algorithms are briefly introduced. Secondly, feature extraction and image denoising experiments are conducted to compare the performance of different ICA algorithms. The experiment results show that all ICA algorithms mentioned above can be used to explore natural image feature and image denoising, but the results are not always similar. The optimized Fast-ICA algorithm outperforms the other algorithms.


Objective To evaluate the value of power angio imaging(CPA) in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms.Methods Ninty five patients with one hundred and five ovarian tumore were examined preoperatively by CPA sonography,and ovarian tumors wrer classified into three grades according to the umor vascularty.Resistance index(RI) was measured with pulsed Doppler sonography.The differences between bening and malignant tumors were compared.Results The cutoff of RI≤0.5 with the highest accuracy had a sensitivity of 93% specificity 97%.The authors diagnosed malignancy with vas cularity do the third grade,which had a sensitivity of 57% and specificity of 100%.The authors disgnosed benignity with vascularity of the first grade,with had a sensiticity of 74% and specificity of 91%.Conclusion The conmbination of grades of vascularity in CPA and RI can br helpful to the diagnosis of the ovarian neoplasms.


The buried gas pipeline corrosion protection measures and evaluation criterion for coating degradation with asphalt are introduced. Taking a segment of gas pipeline as example, by using the theory of Markov chain, the application of transition probability matrix in prediction for coating degradation with asphalt is illustrated, which provides a basis for determining external anticorrosive coating maintenance cycle.


Abstract Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) offers excellent possibilities for multi-element trace analysis of photographic silver halide emulsions. In the present study, an analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of essential elements, such as ruthenium, rhodium, iridium and gold, in small emulsion samples, both overall as well as on the crystal surface. Sample preparation was performed by dissolving the silver halide emulsion into a self-made acid fixer. In-house standard reference emulsion material was prepared to verify the accuracy and precision of the quantitative method. The final result is a quantitative method for the selected elements with a precision of typically 1 per cent or better with relative standard deviations of 0.1–2.0 per cent. Detection limits were in the range 0.01–0.03 μg/kg. Using the scanning mode option of the instrument, the complete mass spectrum can be generated. Overlays can be made of two mass spectra and used as 'fingerprints' to reveal sensitometric deviations. Hence elemental trends can be traced or anomalies pinpointed in large batches of samples.


Synthetic refrigerants such as CFCs and HCFCs deplete ozone and cause greenhouse effect. CO2 as a natural working fluids,is receiving more and more attention in the refrigeration field. The comprehensive evaluation of environment-friendly CO2 refrigeration working fluids is carried out. The performances of CO2 transcritical refrigeration cycle are analyzed by establishing the thermodynamics model. Results indicate that the maximum coefficient of performance (COP)of the cycle with an expander is higher than that of the cycle with a throttling valve. At the optimal discharge pressure of the compressor and given expander iso-entropy efficiency,COP of CO2 transcritical refrigeration cycle with an expander increases with the decrease of outlet temperature of gas cooler,but increases quickly with the increase of evaporation temperature. For the optimization design of the CO2 transcritical refrigeration cycle with an expander,the major factors affecting the COP of the system should be considered.


【The Lifetime of OLEDs by ITO/glass substrates cleaning method and cathode deposition method were investigated in the fabrication of green light emitting OLEDs with $Alq_3$ -C545T fluorescent system. In our experiments, the optimum cleaning method was obtained at last processing of boiling IPA(isopropyl alcohol). And the optimum deposition methode was obtained at 3 steps deposition rate of Al. The deposition rate of 3 steps progressed changing from $0.5\AA$ /sec to $3\AA$ / sec. The green light emitting OLED with plasma treatment at 150W for 2 minutes showed the highest luminance and efficiency of 20000 cd/ $m^2$ and 16 lm/W. On the contrary, the OLED device without plasma treatment showed much lower performance with the luminance and efficiency of 3500 cd/ $m^2$ and 2 lm/W.】


The spatial heterogeneity of plant diversity at the neighborhood scale has less been understood, although it is very important for the planning and management of neighborhood landscape. In this case study of Beijing, we conducted intensive investigations of the plant diversity in different neighborhoods along a rural–urban gradient. The results showed that the mean numbers of plant species per neighborhood were 30.5 for trees, 18.8 for shrubs, and 31.9 for herbs, respectively. There were significant logarithmic relationships between the numbers of species and patch area, indicating that larger patches within neighborhoods could harbor more plant species. Hierarchical linear modeling showed that the variations in plant diversity within neighborhoods were higher than those between neighborhoods. The number of species increased logistically with both the number of patches within neighborhoods and the number of neighborhoods, suggesting that it is important to sample a sufficient number of patches within neighborhoods, as well as a sufficient number of neighborhoods in order to sample 90% of the plant species during the investigation of plant diversity in urban neighborhoods. So the hierarchical design of sampling should be recommended for investigating plant diversity in urban areas.


We have used 2.5-MeV protons to produce radiation damage in NbSe/sub 3/, in a homogeneous controlled manner. The defect concentration was varied from 10 to 500 ppm in order to study the effects of pinning on the charge-density-wave motion. Measurements were made of the nonlinear conductivity, the threshold electric field, and the dielectric constant and conductivity as a function of frequency in the range 0 --100 MHz. We find that the threshold field and the reciprocal dielectric constant vary linearly with the defect concentration and hence the restoring force.


The intestinal intussusception is the invagination of one segment of the bowel into an immediately adjacent segment, associated to an alteration into the wall, the small intestinal is the most associated a benign pathology and large intestinal by malignant pathologies. We present the case of a 30-yearold female patient, who came to the emergency room due to intense abdominal pain of 1 week of evolution and evidence of intestinal occlusion, who underwent emergency laparotomy, where intestinal intussusception was found in the terminal ileum. Generally, the clinical presentation like an intestinal obstruction. Treatment is resection of the affected segment. Key words: Intestinal intussusception; intestinal invagination; intestinal polyp; intestinal obstruction.


The mineralogy and physicochemical characteristics of low temperature ash(LTA),high temperature ash(HTA),and fly ash were described by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence (XRF),and field scanning electron microscope with energy disperser X-ray spectroscopy(FSEMEDX). And the transformation of typical aluminum minerals in high temperature was investigated by systematic drop tube furnace(DTF) experiments and thermogravimetric analysis.The results show that the aluminum-bearing minerals in the high Al coal are mainly boehmite and kaolinite.Kaolinite dehydrated in high temperature and finally transformed to mullite.The phase transformation of boehmite in coal during high temperature treatment is undergone four stages include:boehimte dehydroxylation,transition phaseθ-Al_2O_3 formation,crystal nucleation andα-Al_2O_3 formation,and growth ofα-Al_2O_3 crystal.The DTF experimental results indicated that the growth ofα-Al_2O_3 crystal has significant impact on PM_1 emission.


Recent reports have appeared in the literature which deal with the synthesis and preliminary hydrolysis studies of controlled release formulations in which the bioactive agent is covalently bound to the sidechains of polymers via easily degradable bonds. Previous work in authors' laboratories has shown that synthetic poly- alpha -amino acids which are biodegradable can be developed and the rate of in vivo biodegradation can be controlled by varying the hydrophilicity of the sidechain groups. In the reported experiments, they used homopolymers of glutamic acid (PGS) as the polymeric backbone for the controlled release pro-drug sustem with the sidechain carboxyl groups of the glutamate moiety providing the hydrophilicity required for biodegration as well as the point of attachment for the drug. The drug used was the contraceptive progestin, 17- alpha -ethynyl-19-nortestosterone (norethindrone), which is known to be an active progestational compound and exhibits antifertility activity in both animals and humans. Experimental data are presented and briefly discussed.


This essay addresses the production of value while considering the artistic labor process, with a focus on the visual arts. First, the commodity form of artistic works is examined and theoretical challenges are pointed out. Second, a specific ideology of the artistic labor process is considered. This ideology serves to conceal the economic relations of production that shape artistic labor as a producer of value. Finally, an analysis of the substance of value is proposed. Intellectual property rights are examined from the perspective of value production.


In allusion to the problem of no unified and stable marking zone in Haila'er Basin,the well-seismic integration calibration technique was used to establish a technical procedure for the correlation for stratigraphic correlation of unstable reservoirs in complex fault blocks,by which the problems of non-unified strata between wells and blocks.It is effectively used for guiding the arrangement of well locations and well predictions,it provides a technical support for exploration of new oil in Haila'er Basin.


Purpose – This paper aims to examine international mobile roaming in the Caribbean. Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines first, the question of the number of mobile phones and revenues; then secondly, it examines the background to the roaming issue as it emerged in Europe. Thirdly, it looks at regulatory initiatives in the Americas. Fourthly, it looks at issues related to tourists, including those on cruise ships. Fifthly, it examines commercial initiatives to offer roaming without surcharges. Sixthly, it examines possible regulatory measures to achieve policy goals. Finally, conclusions are drawn and future research topics identified. Findings – The public policy goals are clear – to ensure competition, to achieve affordable prices and universal access. The challenge is to translate these into specific measures for international mobile roaming. Originality/value – There appear to be two retail markets, one for IMR as part of a post-paid mobile service and the other a pre-paid offer.


Endemic plant resources and characteristics in Australia were elaborated,several botanical garden in Australia were introduced briefly,and the inspiration on the construction of botanical garden in China were summarized at last.


Kinect is a motion sensing device developed by Microsoft Company. It can provide data of human skeleton in order to achieve motion tracking of the people. This paper proposes a method to segment and match human actions based on 3D human skeleton node data. This method can be used to segment and match complex movements such as dance and gymnastics and so on,and it can also detect the deviation between the measured action and the standard action.We divide the human skeleton into five parts and calculate kinematics information of each part. Using the naturally separable characteristic of human actions, we segment human actions based on the kinematics information of the skeleton model in order to acquire action pieces. Then, analysis of the human action behaviors and matching of the action pieces are finished. The rotation matrix is used to calculate the characteristics of the joint angles of the skeleton, which are adopted to achieve skeleton poses matching. The experimental results show that 97% accuracy is achieved when matching simple actions. Moreover, segmentation of the actions can improve the matching accuracy of long and complex actions.


This article aims to redirect the study of patronage politics toward its quotidian character and acknowledge the key role played by brokers' strong ties with their closest followers to better understand and explain the practical features of clientelist domination. This article argues that clientelist politics occur during routine daily life and that most loyal clients' behavior should be understood and explained neither as the product of rational action nor the outcome of normative behavior but as generated by a clientelist habitus, a set of cognitive and affective political dispositions manufactured in the repeated interactions that take place within brokers' inner circles of followers. The article also has as a secondary objective to contribute to dispositional sociology through the conceptualization of the clientelist habitus. It does so by showing the active work agents engage in as they prevent disjunctures provoked by what Bourdieu calls the "hysteresis effect."