A dedicated facility prepared by ENEA (Italian Agency for Energy and Environment) for the cryogenic testing of by-pass diodes for the protection of the CERN Large Hadron Collider main magnets will be described. This experimental activity is in the frame of a contract awarded to OCEM, an Italian firm active in the field of electronic devices and power supplies, in collaboration with ENEA, for the manufacture and testing of all the diode stacks. In particular, CERN requests the measurement of the reverse and forward voltage diode characteristics at 300 K and 77 K, and endurance test cycles at liquid helium temperature. The experimental set-up at ENEA and data acquisition system developed for the scope will be described and the test results reported.


A genetic algorithm (GA) based approach for reliability placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in smart grid is proposed. The algorithm combines two conflicting objectives which are maximization of the reliability of observability and minimization of the number of PMU placements for ensuring full system observability. The multi-objective problem is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem and genetic algorithm approach is employed for solving the large scale bus systems. The optimization model is solved for IEEE 14, and 30 standard bus systems. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated by comparing results with exact algorithms for smaller problem sizes. The system reliability of observability is improved compared to traditional optimal PMU placement. The proposed approach achieves significant cost savings compared to available reliability based models in literature.


It is established that the lack of technologies for the complete utilization of secondary PET – raw material sorted from municipal solid waste - raw materials is a threat to the sustainable development of the modern city. One of the promising ways of PET disposal is to use it to encapsulate mineral fertilizers. Under the laboratory conditions, the technology of PET modification and capsule application to mineral fertilizer particles under fluidized bed conditions has been successfully tested. Conducted pilot tests of the release of nutrition elements from mineral fertilizers encapsulated with modified PET, confirmed the uniformity and quality of the coating. Pilot studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the new form of obtained fertilizers.


The causes for fault registrations in primary cable circuits include cable punctures either by age related deterioration or lightning or dig-ins, splice failures, arrester failures, elbow and related accessory failures, and transformer failures. The fault distribution by type is highly variable-dependent upon all parameters. But most are cable failures and are adjudged permanent-not temporary. Faulted circuit indicators (FCI) are mounted in or on enclosures to identify the location of the failed cable section. They respond to the fault current flux in the cable prior to the circuit interruption, or to loss of voltage. A single fault distance monitor (FDM) is used to monitor a complete circuit and provide a distance to the fault site. A typical circuit {e.g. loop, radial, etc.} encompasses 5 to 10 junction points. This paper describes the characteristics and comparative performance of this new device usable to speed the circuit restoration.


Objective To found a standard program about quality control management of CT and serve for clinic better.Methods Analyzing kinds of quality control programs taken at several types of CT scanners in our hospital and combining experience in other hospitals obtained the best management method.Results According to the statistics,"management method of five steps"is the best way to improve quality of CT scanner.Conclusion "Management method of five steps" is the best way to improve quality of CT.


Vigorous debate continues on which physiological parameters potentially limit maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) during exercise, as well as what causes a person to cease exercising at some point because of fatigue (3,5). Physiological adaptation to exercise stress increases reserve of all relevant system variables, with the variable of lowest reserve becoming the limiting factor. The hoped for possibility is that if ''the limiting factor'' were identifiable and adjustable, exercise performance might be reliably improved. There is emerging recognition of considerable heterogeneity in cardiovascular and hematological response to exercise training, ranging from frank nonresponders to good responders, even in volunteers with matched baseline characteristics. The V̇O2max is traditionally defined by the Fick equation as a function of cardiac output (Q̇) and whole-body arteriovenous oxygen difference. During increasing exercise intensity, total vascular peripheral resistance decreases proportional to the amount of active muscle perfused, and Q̇ increases proportionately to maintain sufficient minimum mean arterial pressure. But at all times, sufficient brain perfusion pressure must be maintained. As maximum Q̇ is reached, no further increase in vascular conductance becomes permissible; otherwise, the athlete would lose consciousness. Vascular conductance sufficient to supply aerobic metabolic requirements of active skeletal muscle (in general when 950% total mass is active) far outstrips the capability of the heart to deliver output and, therefore, at and above V̇O2max, active muscle becomes progressively ischemic. Increasing maximum Q̇, with training and/or acute blood volume (BV) expansion, does improve V̇O2max, as does increasing oxygen transport capacity by increasing hemoglobin concentration (Hb). However, the changes in V̇O2max obtained by varying these variables seem to be different depending on if the athlete is at sea level or at altitude. In this issue of Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, Drs. Schmidt and Prommer (6) explore the interrelationships of total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass), Hb, BV, and Q̇ as limiting factors influencing change in V̇O2max induced by training at sea level compared with training adaptation obtained at altitude. At sea level, improvement in V̇O2max primarily occurs via increased maximum Q̇ associated with increased BV; Hb remaining unchanged because of proportional increases in plasma volume and total red cell volume. Adaptation to altitude, on the other hand, is mediated primarily by increased blood oxygen transport capacity obtained by increased Hb. The BV is unchanged because of increased total red blood cell volume and proportionally decreased PV. Maximum Q̇ and V̇O2max also remain unchanged. At sea level, BV versus tHbmass and V̇O2max versus total tHbmass are tightly correlated, with V̇O2max increasing by approximately 4 mLImin for every 1 g increase in tHbmass. Interestingly, the ratio of maximum Q̇ to BV is constant over a wide range of V̇O2max (3Y6 LImin ) in endurance-trained athletes with total BV circulating at a maximal rate of approximately four times per minute. An important issue raised by Schmidt and Prommer (6) is the doping practice, where tHbmass is increased supraphysiologically (via blood transfusion or using recombinant human erythropoietin) to obtain a potentially unfair performance advantage. They illustrate how the 50% hematocrit cutoff (a concentration-based index) can be manipulated successfully to hide a substantial tHbmass increase. Normal physiological tHbmass remains remarkably stable (G2% day-to-day variation without drift) for very long periods in well-trained athletes, unaffected by season and changes in training intensity and limited in its magnitude even with acute altitude adaptation encompassing up to several months (2). The implication is that blood doping practices would be more reliably revealed by adopting a program of serial tHbmass measurements, that is, to monitor the actual end-physiological variable that doping in all its various guises attempts to manipulate for performance benefit. The tHbmass is easily and safely estimated with the carbon monoxide dilution method. Schmidt and Prommer (7) have modified the Burge and Skinner carbon monoxide rebreathing method (1), with increased convenience and portability of the method without apparent loss of method precision and intraindividual test-retest reliability (4).


Taphonomic processes affecting samples of amber inclusions are outlined. Comparison of traditional collecting methods dependent on human recognition of amber nodules (hereafter called picking) with bulk sampling, screening and salt water floatation indicate that significant amounts of amber are overlooked by traditional methods. Picking over-represents large nodules and under-represents small ones. This is significant because small nodules produce the highest number of inclusions per kilogram. Although small nodules have the lowest trapping efficiency, this liability is more than compensated for by their abundance and high proportion of external flows


We consider fitting multivariate models to response data based on analysis-of-variance (ANOVA)-like decompositions of functions of several variables, f(t 1 ,..., t d )=C+Σ α f α (t α )+Σ α<β f αβ (t α , t β )+.... A theory for fitting (some components of) these models with polynomial smoothing splines exists when each t α is in a subset of the real line. In this case the various estimated components turn out to be certain tensor sums and products of polynomial splines. This approach may not be natural when one or more of the «variables» are geographic, in particular where nature does not know north from east


We isolated a population of Oxytricha granulifera granulifera Foissner and Adam (1983) from a hot spring in Iceland. The pure culture of this isolate was established at room temperature in the laboratory. This allowed for a detailed investigation, informed by integrated approaches, of the isolate's morphology and morphogenesis, as well as molecular phylogeny. Results showed that the morphological and morphogenetic characteristics of the Iceland population are consistent with those of other populations. During the 3-year long period of laboratory cultivation, some abnormal individuals appeared repeatedly in the culture system. Interestingly, the morphological characteristics of these abnormal cells were rather stable, and were as follows: 1) body slender and elliptical-shaped; 2) remarkably shortened adoral zone and significantly reduced number of adoral membranelles; and 3) loss of undulating membranes. Resting cysts, binary fission and conjugate reproduction were not found in abnormal specimens. Although the morphology of abnormal individuals changed significantly, the sequences of the SSU rDNA of the normal and abnormal morphotypes were the same. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the two morphotypes clustered in a clade with other populations of O. granulifera granulifera.


G.S. Ogden recently offered a new interpretation of Qoh. 1.4 (7SOT 34 [1986], pp. 91f.). He objects (rightly, I believe) to the usual understanding of this verse, according to which the transience of humanity is highlighted by contrast with the permanence of the earth. Noting that 1.5-7 illustrates the themes of cyclical movement and permanence, he suggests that in means cycle, in accordance with the presumed 'original meaning' of the root, and that the word refers to the cyclical movements of nature as described in 1.5-8. Ogden's interpretation, however, suffers from two weaknesses: m, whatever its etymology, never means 'cycle' in Hebrew (or in any other Northwest Semitic language); and it is not 'cycles' that 'go and come', but rather things within cycles. The key to understanding this verse is recognizing that J'&dquo;1~M here does not mean the physical earth, but humanity as a whole-'le monde' rather than 'la terre' (cf. Gen. 6.11;11.1;1 1 Kgs 2.2; Ps. 33.8; etc.). There is no other way in biblical Hebrew to express the concept of humanity as a unit; DIM ~» signifies people as individuals.


Spherulitic morphologies and overall crystallization kinetics of miscible poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) blends were studied by polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). PVDF and PBSA crystallize separately in the blends. For the high-Tm component PVDF, the crystallization mechanism does not change, while both the spherulitic growth rate and the overall crystallization rate of PVDF decrease with increasing crystallization temperature and the PBSA content in the blends. Much more attention has been directed to the spherulitic morphologies and overall crystallization kinetics of the low-Tm component PBSA, which are affected not only by blend composition and crystallization temperature but also strongly by the preexisting crystals of the high-Tm component PVDF in the blends. PBSA spherulites nucleate in the matrix of the PVDF spherulites and continue to grow until impinging on ot...


We derive a Smoluchowski-Kramers type scaling limit for second order stochastic differential equations driven by Fractional Brownian motion.We show a Girsanov theorem for the solution processes wit ...


Hit by the economic crisis and digital disruption, here is what one market research agency in Greece has done to survive.


The hypothesis of suppressed hostility as a factor in rheumatoid arthritis is supported by the finding that rheumatoid arthritics are more liable to divorce, but put up with an unsatisfactory marriage longer than those who are free of the disease. This is more striking for males than for females.

Le hypothese de supprimite hostilitate como factor in arthritis rheumatoide es supportate per le constatation que patientes de arthritis rheumatoide ha un augmentate incidentia de divorcios sed indura un dissatisfacente maritage plus longemente que subjectos sin ille morbo. Iste relation es plus marcate in masculos que in femininas.


During the past 15 years the important disease potential of asbestos exposure has been clarified. The principal hazards have been demonstrated to be cancer of a num ber of sites, and asbestosis. Among asbes tos workers, approximately 20 percent of all deaths are due to lung cancer, six per cent or seven percent to pleural and/or peritoneal mesothelioma, and there is an excess found in several other categories (e.g., cancer of the esophagus, stomach, colon-rectum, oropharynx, larynx, kid ney). Table I provides an analysis of causes of death among 17,800 asbestos insula tion workers in the United States and Canada followed prospectively from January 1, 1967 to January 1, 1977. Risk of asbestos-associated disease has also been observed in workers in other trades where asbestos exposure occurs —¿


The infrared free-electron laser (IR FEL) project is established at Chiang Mai University (CMU) in Thailand with the aim to provide experimental stations for users utilizing accelerator-based coherent terahertz (THz) and mid-infrared (MIR) radiation. Main components of the accelerator system include a thermionic radio-frequency (RF) gun, an alpha magnet as a bunch compressor and energy filter, a travelling-wave RF linear accelerator (TW RF linac), a THz transition radiation (THz TR) station, two magnetic bunch compressors and beamlines for MIR/THz FEL. The system commissioning is ongoing to produce the beams with proper properties. Simulation results suggest that the oscillator MIR FEL with wavelengths of 9.5-16.6 μ m and pulse energies of 0.15-0.4 μ J can be produced from 60-pC electron bunches with energy of 20-25 MeV. The super-radiant THz FEL with frequencies of 1-3 THz and 700 kW peak power can be generated from 10-16 MeV electron bunches with a charge of 50 pC and a length of 200-300 fs. Furthermore, the coherent THz TR with a spectral range of 0.3-2.5 THz and a pulse power of up to 1.5 MW can be obtained. The MIR/THz FEL will


We describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of 7 children infected with A/H7N9 in Guangdong Province during the winter of 2013–2014. Our results indicate that the mild or asymptomatic characteristics common in H7N9-infected children could pose challenges to our surveillance system becoming a hidden threat to the public health of China and the world.


Tnnt2, encoding thin‐filament sarcomeric protein cardiac troponin T, plays critical roles in heart development and function in mammals. To develop an inducible genetic deletion strategy in myocardial cells, we generated a new Tnnt2:MerCreMer (Tnnt2MerCreMer/+) knock‐in mouse. Rosa26 reporter lines were used to examine the specificity and efficiency of the inducible Cre recombinase. We found that Cre was specifically and robustly expressed in the cardiomyocytes at embryonic and adult stages following tamoxifen induction. The knock‐in allele on Tnnt2 locus does not impact cardiac function. These results suggest that this new Tnnt2MerCreMer/+ mouse could be applied towards the temporal genetic deletion of genes of interests in cardiomyocytes with Cre‐LoxP technology. The Tnnt2MerCreMer/+ mouse model also provides a useful tool to trace myocardial lineage during development and repair after cardiac injury. genesis 53:377–386, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Dear Editor, Supermicrosurgical lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is one of the principal surgical treatments for primary and secondary lymphedema because of its effectiveness and its minimal invasiveness (Hayashi, Hayashi, Yoshimatsu, & Yamamoto, 2018; Yamamoto et al., 2014). Finding a patent lymphatic vessel and a suitable vein in a limited small surgical field remains one of the most challenging step in LVA procedure even for experienced supermicrosurgeons. Sometimes, suitable vein without blood reflux cannot be found to perform appropriate LVA in conventional way such as an end-to-end, side-to-end, end-to-side or side-to-side anastomotic configuration, because of a diameter discrepancy or distant vessels (Sakai, Yamamoto, Yamamoto, & Fuse, 2017; Yamamoto, Giacalone, & Hayashi, 2016). To solve this frequently encountered problem of vessel discrepancy between a large vein and a smaller lymphatic vessel (Yamamoto, Narushima, & Koshima, 2018), microsurgical techniques such as venous-branch-plasty (Yamamoto et al., 2016) and fusion-lymphoplasty (Sakai et al., 2017) have already been described. To simplify the procedures, we employed funnelization technique in LVA surgery for vessels with significant size discrepancy. This technique was used for a case of a 56 years old woman who presented a bilateral lower extremity secondary lymphedema after a cervical cancer requiring excision and lymphadenectomy. It has been decided to perform multiple LVAs to treat the secondary lymphedema. All LVAs were performed on a classical way exept one on the left leg. A 2.50 mm reflux-free vein and a 0.45 mm lymphatic vessel were found far from each other in the surgical field. The venous stump was obliquely cut to conduct funnelization. The first suture was made at the obliquely cut venous edges and the lymphatic vessel like a horizontal


A high resolution, regional, non‐linear, barotropic ocean model (2D POM) was used to show that a pressure difference between the Pacific and Indian Ocean does not significantly influence the total transport of the Indonesian throughflow.


City passions to make South America pretends to walk around the city to see it from the point of view of the citizen. Part of previous research work of its a...


-based ceramics with partially oxidized Ti powders were prepared by sintering at for 1 h in v vacuum, and then heated in air. In this study, the effect of partially oxidized Ti powders on electrical properties and microstructures of -based ceramics was investigated. It was found out that the semiconductive -based ceramics beζame to show excellent PTCR (more than ) characteristic by adding 5~7 vol% of partially oxidized Ti powder. Also, it was found out that the sintered compact had extremely porous and fine-grained microstructure. The relative density and grain size of sintered compact with 5 vol% of partially oxidized Ti powders were 54% and , respectively. The mechanism for the development of PTCR characteristic in -based ceramics with partially oxidized Ti powders due to the adsorption of oxygen at grain boundaries, and could be explained, based on Heywang model.


This article presents an overview of five key issues: access to materials; student motivation; teacher preparation; instructional practices; and parent-teacher-student relationships, that must be addressed in effecting change in the academic performance of African-American students. These issues are deemed important if the No Child Left Behind legislation is to impact the teaching and learning of African-American students. No Child Left Behind: Key Issues and Instructional Implications for Teachers of African-American Children Doris Walker-Dalhouse Minnesota State University Moorhead '[ii article presents an overview of five key issues: access to materials; student motivation; teacher preparation; instructional practices; and parent-teacher-student relationships, that must be addressed in effecting change in the academic performance of African-American students. These issues are deemed important if the No Child Left Behind legislation is to impact the teaching and learning of African-American students. 156 Reading Horizons, 2005, 45, (3) APPROXIMATELY FORTY-SIX percent of Black and Hispanic children live in poverty compared to 8 percent of Caucasian children (U.S. Census Bureau, 2003). Forty-three percent of African-American families are headed by a single parent as opposed to 18 percent of Caucasian families (McKinnon & Humes, 2000). In single parent families, the poverty rate is 41 percent for African-American children. In 2001 (NCES, 2001), forty-eight percent of African-American children between the ages of 3-5 were read to every day compared to 64 percent of Caucasian children. Forty-eight percent of children living in single parent homes were read to compared to 61 percent of 3-5 year olds in two parent families. (NCES, 2001) In spite of the above, African-American communities collectively view literacy as not only important, but as requisite for human existence and "successful survival" (Qualis, 2001). African-American parents living in urban environments have high expectations for their children's success in learning to read. Taylor and Dorsey-Gaines (1988) conducted case studies on the literacy development of young, urban AfricanAmerican children living in poverty and found that their subjects had literate home environments with families who supported their literacy development at home and at school. However, the differences between the literacy achievement of African-American students and Caucasian students remain significant according to Au (1998). Au's 1998 assessment was reinforced by the 2000 National Assessment of Education Progress. Reading scores for fourth graders indicated that African-American, Hispanic, and Native American students performed lower than Asian/Pacific Islanders and Caucasian students. Twelve percent of African-American children were reading at or above the proficiency level compared to 40 percent of the Caucasian children. In addition, more advantaged children and children in private schools performed better than less advantaged urban children in public schools (NAEP, 2000). The question is what are some factors associated with low achievement in African-American children and what can be done to help African-American children become successful readers and writers. This article will focus on some of the important issues that must be considered in understanding the underachievement of African-American NCLB: Teachers and African American Children 157 students: access to materials; student motivation; teacher preparation; instructional practices; and parent-teacher-student relationships. The article concludes with implications for change.


The principle of the generator phase lead operation and the influences and the restrictive conditions at the units themselves are introduced.The phase leading operation mode which is one kind of safety,reliable and flexible operation modes is put forward.


Aim: The aim of this thesis has been to try to answer the question of how an IT based marketing information system support the formation of business and product related strategies and when and how ...


In this paper, a combined neural network and an evolutionary programming scheme is proposed to improve the quality of wound core distribution transformers in an industrial environment by exploiting information derived from both the construction and transformer design phase. In particular, the neural network architecture is responsible for predicting transformer iron losses prior to their assembly, based on several actual core measurements, transformer design parameters and the specific core assembling. A genetic algorithm is applied to estimate the optimal core arrangement, (i.e. the way of core assembling) that yields a set of three-phase transformers of minimal iron losses. The minimization is performed by exploiting information derived from the neural network model resulting in a synergetic neural network-genetic algorithm scheme. After the transformer construction, the prediction accuracy of the neural network model is evaluated. If accuracy is poor, a weight adaptation algorithm is applied to improve the prediction performance. For the weight updating, both the current and the previous network knowledge are taken into account. Application of the proposed neural network-genetic algorithm scheme to our industrial environment indicates a significant reduction in the variation between the actual and the designed transformer iron losses. This further leads to a reduction of the production cost since a smaller safety margin can be used for the transformer design.


The gill Na +/K + ATPase and ALP activities of Chinese mitten crab were determined during transferring from freshwater to saltwater. The Na +/K + ATPase at first 24h increased significantly when adapted to the water salinity of 10‰,20‰ and 30‰ respectively, but there were no significant changes between saltwater groups. The gill ALP showed no significant changes when transferred to saltwater at first 24h.The Na +/K + ATPase increased significantly when transferred Chinese mitten crab to 20‰ saltwater adapting for 48h and 72h respectively, the ALP decreased sharply in comparison with that of 24h and freshwater.


I visited the Urgency of Teachers text today and found one page with several nice bite sized topics. I added a comment or two in Hypothis.is


The structure of $^{133}\text{La}$ has been investigated using the $^{116}\text{Cd}(^{22}\text{Ne},4pn)$ reaction and the Gammasphere array. Three new bands of quadrupole transitions and one band of dipole transitions are identified and the previously reported level scheme is revised and extended to higher spins. The observed structures are discussed using the cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky formalism, covariant density functional theory, and the particle-rotor model. Triaxial configurations are assigned to all observed bands. For the high-spin bands it is found that rotations around different axes can occur, depending on the configuration. The orientation of the angular momenta of the core and of the active particles is investigated, suggesting chiral rotation for two nearly degenerate dipole bands and magnetic rotation for one dipole band. It is shown that the ${h}_{11/2}$ neutron holes present in the configuration of the nearly degenerate dipole bands have significant angular momentum components not only along the long axis but also along the short axis, contributing to the balance of the angular momentum components along the short and long axes and thus giving rise to a chiral geometry.


The term white syndromes (WS) applies to irregular patterns of tissue loss exposing bands or patches of bare white skeleton. There are many different white diseases in the Caribbean, each with potentially different causative agents, there are likely to be many different types of white syndromes causing tissue loss on Indo-Pacific corals. Coral disease diagnosis and nomenclature are predominantly based on underwater observations of macroscopic characteristics, such as lesion color, lesion progression rate, and patterns and extent of tissue loss and exposed coral skeleton. Variability in the presence of bacteria associated with WS lesions has also been found in ultrastructural studies. Robust ecological assessments and rapidly developing molecular biological and chemical technologies all aimed at understanding the interactions between the agent, host and the environment, which all play a role in the etiology of white syndromes of the Indo-Pacific must be considered in determining causation.


The aim of this research is to analyze the environmental performance of solid waste and liquid waste using the Green Productivity (GP) method. Konveksi Baper Shop is a micro business that operates in the field of making women's clothes. This research method uses a quantitative descriptive approach aimed at providing suggestions for improvements to increase company productivity. The results of the research showed that the company had an initial Environmental Performance Index (EPI) of 23,076. Meanwhile, the initial Green Productivity Index (GPI) at the Baper Shop convection had a value of 0.076 and solid waste GP was 0, 048 and liquid waste GP of 1.01. There are 2 There are two alternative solutions planned with the first alternative in the form of using liquid waste to become liquid organic fertilizer and the second alternative in the form of using solid waste to make patchwork mats. It can be concluded that by improving environmental performance in the form of using liquid and solid waste it can increase the company's income.


Exception handling design issues are reflected in discussions by Zahn [1] Parnas [2], Hill [3], Elson [4], Organick [5], and myself [6, 7]. The purpose of this paper is to summarize these issues. This summary can be used to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of proposed or existing exception handling language features and as a guide in designing new features.


Vast amounts of publicly available satellite time series data enable largescale monitoring of environmental disturbances such as deforestation or drought. Such monitoring schemes are, however, computationally expensive, warranting execution on massively parallel hardware. This project presents the theoretical background for stable history detection, an essential component of monitoring, along with its implementation in a hardware-agnostic data-parallel language. The implementation is benchmarked on synthetic and real-world data to reveal a two to three orders of magnitude speedup compared to existing publicly available code. Though the implementations are given as high-level specifications, no nontrivial implementation details are left out; including the need for numerically stable linear model fitting. While this project will focus on satellite data with missing values, the implementations can be applied to any time series data.


We have studied characteristics of 60° and 90° dislocations in GaAs/Si(100) thin-film heterostructures grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition at 650 °C. The misfit dislocation network consists of approximately 60% of 90° dislocations, and 40% of the closely spaced pairs of 60° dislocations with intersecting glide planes. This ratio has remained essentially constant after rapid thermal annealing at 800 °C for 90 sec. It is envisaged that these 60° dislocation pairs have parallel screw components and as a result they cannot combine to form a 90° dislocation. Upon annealing, some of the 60° dislocation pairs split to form stacking faults in agreement with our earlier model. Based upon these observations, we propose a model where a first set of 60° dislocations is generated from the undulated surface above a critical thickness. The second set of 60° dislocations is nucleated at a larger thickness and at the smoother surface. The Burgers vectors of these dislocations are controlled by the dislocation...


Providing a good understanding to children and educators on the Internet of Things (IoT) means to make them aware about where the data goes, how it is stored, and what it is stored on. In this perspective many commercial IoT systems have been shown to be unsuitable for this purpose especially when used in an educational context. They do not create user centric data collection opportunities; many of their IoT sensors that send data offsite to an online cloud create gaps in knowledge; the sensors themselves are not transparent: it's not clear what data they are collecting and how, and they are not easily compatible with school networks. Classroom Cloudlet addresses this issue. This demonstration presents an end-to-end IoT like system that includes a mobile, tangible, and transparent classroom cloudlet. Classroom Cloudlet aims to allow data from multiple devices to be easily shared, collated and analysed without using the Internet, but while still educating students about IoT and cloud concepts. The classroom cloudlet aims to be a physical representation of a cloud in an IoT system; visualise the movement of data around the system; provide a web front-end for students to view and create custom visualisations of their data. Classroom Cloudlet aims to gives the educator and the children full control and ownership of their data.


The diazotization product of 4-amino-6-chloro-m-benzenedisulfonamide has been found to be a useful reagent for the colorimetric determination of a vitamin, steroid, and alkaloid. A general method, with slight modification, can be applied to those compounds which contain a phenolic or similar-to-phenolic hydroxyl group. Pyridoxine hydrochloride, 17β-hydroxy-7aα-17α-dimethyl-B-homo-A-norestrane-3,6-dione, and morphine sulfate were used as coupling components in this study. The optimum reaction conditions for coupling and color formation have been determined and the applicability of the method in the presence of commonly used ingredients is demonstrated.


This paper focuses on Girish Karnad`s use of myth in his plays to express the bad conditions that women suffer from in the patriarchal society. It examines the role of Karnad in modernizing the mythological tales of India to express the modern situation of women. The paper clarifies the postcolonial feministic approach which is adopted by Karnad in his plays. Nagamandala is selected to show the use of myth   the use of the postcolonial approach in Karnad`s work.
Keywords: Myth, Postcolonial, Feminism, Girish Karnad, Patriarchal society


Litchi (Litchi chinenesis Sonn.) is the most important fascinating sub-tropical fru it which deteriorates rapidly within 24 hours after harvest, if stored at ambient temperature (14 0 C and 32 0 C). Shahi variety of litchi was taken as a sample for evaluation of total soluble solid (TSS ). The graded litchi was treated with different ch emicals i.e. Sulphites, Borex and Bavistin. The treated and unt reated litchis were packed in in different packagin g materials. It was observed that the TSS ( Brix) of litchi fruits increased the storage period increased. Total soluble solids reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and total sugar increased up to 10 days of storage of there after d eclined.


The present work discloses the new design of a fighter aircraft. Better performance of a fighter in the combat as well in its ground activities is the main vision of our work. It is concentrating on the aircraft short distance take off and landing, stalling controlling, as well as different maneuverings of the aircraft. Many fighter aircraft are having its own working parameters and configurations. Every aircraft shown its own characteristics in flight like maneuverings, stalling etc.The major problem of them is prohibiting some of these characteristics in some angle of attack. So to control we have implemented some modifications. To achieve all these characteristics, we have selected the combination of swing wing with canard and tail configuration. By using this technology we can increase the flight ability to its maximum. So all the characteristics are in the control as we have designed


The invention discloses a plane two-degree-of-freedom eleven-rod double closed-loop sub-chain type container front-handling mobile crane. The plane two-degree-of-freedom eleven-rod double closed-loop sub-chain type container front-handling mobile crane comprises a suspension arm and a suspension arm hoisting and retracting mechanism, wherein a rotary arm of the suspension arm is hinged with the back part of a frame; a retractable arm is mounted on the rotary arm by a sliding pair; the retractable arm is provided with a clamping device; the suspension arm hoisting and retracting mechanism comprises five-connection-rod mechanism assemblies which are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the suspension arm; each five-connection-rod mechanism assembly comprises a front four-connection-rod mechanism, a front assembly connection rod, a back assembly connection rod and a back four-connection-rod mechanism; each front four-connection-rod mechanism is arranged on the front part of the rack and each back four-connection-rod mechanism is arranged in the middle of the rack; the lower end of each front assembly connection rod is in compound hinging with a connection rod hinging point of each front four-connection-rod mechanism; the lower end of each back assembly connection rod is in the compound hinging with a connection rod hinging point of each back four-connection-rod mechanism; the upper ends of each front assembly connection rod and each back assembly connection rod are hinged on the suspension arm respectively. The plane two-degree-of-freedom eleven-rod double closed-loop sub-chain type container front-handling mobile crane has the advantages of small movement inertia, flexible track output, high precision, good rigidity, high reliability and the like.


Let R be a ring with involution containing a nontrivial symmetric idempotent element e and δ: R → R be a generalized ∗-reverse derivable map. In this paper, our aim is to show that under some suitable restrictions imposed on R every generalized ∗-reverse derivable map of R is additive.


The insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) cDNA of Carassius auratus was cloned from hepatopancreas by One-Step RT-PCR technique.Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the IGF-ⅠcDNA of C.auratus was consisted of 486 nucleotides and encoded 161 amino acids including signal peptide,mature peptide(containing B,C,A and D domains)and E domain.Analysis of nucleotide sequence showed that IGF-ⅠcDNA of C.auratus was similar to some other fishes,which shared sequence homology of 99.18% with Carassius auratus Var.,94.44% with Cirrhinus molitorella,94.65% with Megalobrama terminalis,94.44% with Megalobrama amblycephata,86.03% with Cyprinus carpio,and 85.29% with Cterapharyngodon idella.Analysis of E domain indicated that IGF-ⅠcDNA of C.auratus belonged to IGF-ⅠEa-2 subtype.


CdS nanoparticles with different size were successfully synthesized via ultrasonic method,using cadmium chloride(CdCl2·2.5H2O),Thioacetamide(CH3C=SNH2) as raw materials,water,ionic liquids(IL) and aqueous solution of ionic liquids as solvent,respectively.The phase,morphologies and optical properties of the products were investigated by XRD,SEM,IR and UV-Vis techniques;The UV light was used as light source to investigate the photocatalytic activity of CdS nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl orange.The results showed that the CdS nanoparticles was significantly smaller and to make greater in band gap owing to the addition of ionic liquids.Photocatalytic tests showed that the as-prepared CdS nanoparticles in ionic liquids have high photocatalytic degradation rate for methyl orange under UV light.Comparative experiments of ionic liquids also showed that the as-prepared CdS nanoparticles in triethylenetetramine salts Containing ethyl-sulfate anions have high photocatalytic activity.


Simple Stresses and Strains. Shear Force and Bending Moments. Bending Stresses in Beams. Shear Stresses in Beams. Torsion. Closed-Coil Helical Springs. Direct and Bendng Stresses. Columns and Struts. Deflection. Principal Plans and Stresses. Strain Energy. Thin Cylinders. Thick Cylinders.


: We consider simultaneous inference of the time-varying correlation, as a function of time, between two nonstationary time series, when their trend functions are unknown. Unlike the stationary setting, where the effect of precentering using the sample mean is trivially negligible, in the nonstationary setting, it is difficult to quantify the effect of precentering using nonparametric trend function estimators. This is mainly because the trend estimators are time-varying across different time points, which makes it difficult to quantify their cumulative interaction with the error process in a time series setting. We propose using a centering scheme that, instead of aligning with the time point at which the data are observed, aligns with the time point at which the local correlation estimation is performed. We show that the proposed centering scheme leads to simultaneous confidence bands with a solid theoretical guarantee for the time-varying correlation between two nonstationary time series when their trend functions are


The use of technology in geodesy and geomatics, that's aerial photogrammetry technology using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) useful to realize the current roadway condition. To find out, making a roadway 3-dimensional model is done, so that's the current of roadway information. That technology is used to obtain data in the manufacturing 3-dimensional model. The modeling was performed using the level of detail (LoD)0-3 method of the roadway and performed the calculation roadway geometrics validation test, that's the width of roadway including the calculation of root mean square error (RMSE) and standard deviation. This study obtained a visualization of roadway 3-dimensional model, the with RMSE 0.0455141 meters (field with photos), 0.155467038 meters (field with model), and standard deviation 0.078829245 meters (field with photos), 0.310609926 meters (field with model). The visualization of roadway 3-dimensional model with the level of detail (LoD)0-3 method already implemented. The ability of aerial photos to only identification of roadway objects in the manufacture of roadway 3-dimensional model. The 3-dimensional models of the roadway model are validated to determine its proximity to the actual model.


The Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (the Panel) was asked to provide scientific advice to the Commission on the implications for human health of chemically defined flavouring substances used in or on foodstuffs in the Member States. In particular, the Panel was asked to evaluate flavouring substances using the Procedure as referred to in the Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000.


Band Anticrossing Effects in Highly Mismatched Semiconductor Alloys by Junqiao Wu B.S. (Fudan University) 1993 M.S. (Peking University) 1996 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Science and Technology in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Eugene E. Haller, Chair Professor Ture K. Gustafson Professor Alan M. Portis Dr. Wladyslaw Walukiewicz Fall 2002


The Routemaster bus came to symbolise London. The value of symbols is not lost on politicians; one had a pipe, one a hat and another a cigar. The current Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, wanted something bigger, bolder, more inclusive - a bright red bus. He thought the current series of London buses lacked glamour and, perhaps being a Conservative, he looked back at the style of the retired Routemaster and wanted it to be brought back - and brought up to date.Lawrie Douglas examines the winning entries for the new Routemaster bus design competition and the issues they present.


This paper examines the possibility of constructing a giant beam of the Sun's radiation to be focused onto the Earth's surface. The purpose of this was to emanate the weapon of mass destruction from a James Bond film. Our results reveal that the spherical lens required to generate a beam of cross-sectional area 1m would have a radius of 141m. Introduction The James Bond film "Die Another Day" famously featured an orbital mirror system. The motivation for building the contraption was supposedly innocent, however the more heinous reason was soon revealed: it was a weapon of mass destruction. This paper explores the feasibility of focusing solar radiation into a narrow beam, one with enough power to burn objects on the surface of Earth. Comparisons of heliosynchronous and geosynchronous orbits were made however, the geostationary orbit was found to be more fitting with our proposed idea. Working with a heliosynchronous orbit meant that the Sun's position in the sky was, for the purposes of this paper, unnecessarily complex to calculate. Our system, unlike the film's, is constructed from two Fresnel lenses with no mirrors or diamonds. This design was chosen for simplicity in addition to the practicality of its transport and assembly in space.


Adhesive intestinal obstruction is one of the commom acute abdomen surgeries, routine treatment of WM combined with TCM external treatment for adhesive intestinal obstruction has made certain effect,such as dredging intestines、regulating qi and relieve pain、promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis. In the clinical study external treatment of chinese drugs includes Chinese herbal umbilicus、rectal instillation、enema with TCM drugs. Qi-regulating、offensive purgative 、blood-activating were commonly used.The review summarizes the current clinical research on the role TCM external treatment in adhesive intestinal obstruction therapy and provides clues for futher reseaches.


Philip Taft, a distinguished senior labor historian, has written a work which, although important, is not theoretically au courant. At a time when social scientists are trying to appraise internal union politics in terms of categories of analysis more sophisticated than those provided by Lipset and Trow's Union Democracy, Taft offers no new sociological assistance. At a time when policy analysts are trying to focus on union prospects in terms of contract negotiations under conditions of a stagnant economy, Taft presents no new relevant economic postulates. Nor does the book seem in touch with the full range of current events affecting organized labor: the lament of civil rights workers over shortcomings in the "Philadelphia Plan," the distress of labor scholars over flagging efforts on behalf of civil rights training in labor study groups, the concern of civil libertarians about corporate wiretapping and management spying. Taft offers no discussion useful to policy makers preoccupied with the politics of stalemate affecting the regulation of migrant workers. In short, the book does not fully deliver on the title's promise. Yet it is an important volume. Its importance can be appreciated best when one realizes that, the broad title notwithstanding, the author neither promises innovative social science analysis nor seeks to present a review of the many problems of current events that immediately rush to mind under the heading of the rights of union members.


With origins in the postwar development discourse, the core-periphery concept has spread all over the social, and increasingly the natural, sciences. Used initially to denote two broad regional categories distinguished by differences in socio-economic parameters, its structural connotations paved way for more relational, and less attributional, specifications. As reflected in the blockmodeling tradition and as implemented in the well-established index of Borgatti and Everett (1999), contemporary network scholars view a core-periphery as a structural template, where cores are depicted as internally cohesive and peripheries as disconnected from each other. Through an extensive review of postwar literature utilizing the concept, this article finds support for the intra-categorical density differential characteristic of core-periphery structures. However, beyond the occasionally specified density of inter-categorical ties midway between the intracategorical extremes, the literature review lends equal, possibly more, support to a set of intercategorical features that characterize core-periphery structures: dominated and dependent peripheries, and dominating cores. This paper proposes new core-periphery metrics that operationalize dependency and dominance. Expressed as ideal block types found in generalized blockmodeling, the proposed inter-categorical indices supplement the index proposed by Borgatti and Everett, resulting in a composite index that captures the characteristic features of core-periphery structures as found in the postwar literature. Whereas the heuristic for binary data is fairly rudimentary, its extension to valued networks exemplifies the application of a novel approach to generalized blockmodeling of valued networks that is more sensitive to patterns, rather than strengths, of ties. Testing the proposed metrics and heuristics with the binary and valued example datasets used by Borgatti and Everett (1999), new insights and details about core-periphery structures can be obtained. This is particularly evident when, circling back to the original domains of the concept, applying the heuristic to valued inter-continental trade data and data on bilateral trade between 18 countries.


In recent years growing utilization of homograftsS in man has given a strong impetus to research on the biology of transplantation. Excellent comprehensive summaries of the vast literature on the various aspects of this research may be found in general and special papers (Lawrence, 1959; Medawar, 1959; Palm, 1961; Billingham & Silvers, 1963; Snell, 1963; Amos, 1964; Harris, 1964) and in books and monographs (Woodruff, 1960; Russell t Monaco, 1965; Brent, 1965). Although the view expressed by Medawar (1962) in his opening remarks a t the Ciba Foundation Symposium on Transplantation (London, 1961) remains valid: 'we are still quite ignorant of the proximate cause of the death of any homograft, . . . of much of the dynamics or kinetics of transplantation immunity, . . . and, above all, we know of no harmless and lastingly effective way to subdue the homograft reaction in adult animals' (p. 5)-some basic knowledge of the phenomena that occur, and of the variables which influence the failure of an allogeneic transplant, has been obtained, chiefly through experimentation on laboratory animals. A few generally accepted conclusions especially relevant to the present research may be summarized as follows: (1 ) The rejection of a transplanted tissue or organ is to a critical extent a consequence of the immune response of the host against special types of isoantigens, called 'histocompatibility antigens' (Snell, 1948), present in the donor but absent in the host. (2) The antigenically active substance, according to the analysis done in the well-known H-2 isoantigen of the mouse, is essentially a lipoprotein, probably associated with both the external cell membrane and intracellular organelle membranes (Moller, 1961; Davies, 1962, 1964; Herzenberg, 1962; Kandutsch & Stimpfling, 1962; Lejeune et al. 1962; Vranken-Paris et al. 1962; Manson, Foschi & Palm, 1963; Amos, Haughton & Spencer, 1963; Haughton, 1964; Manson, Foschi, Dougherty & Palm, 1964). The distribution of the antigens, however, seems to vary both qualitatively and quantitatively in different adult tissues (Pizarro, Hoecker, Rubinstein & Ramos, 1961; Basch and Stetson, 1963; Al-Askari, Dumonde, Lawrence & Thomas, 1964; Barnes, 1964; Manson et al. 1964). (3) The histocompatibility antigens show differences in their immunological strengths (Counce, Smith, Barth & Snell, 1956; Berrian & McKhann, 1960; Snell, 1963). Though no satist Present address: Istituto di Genetica Umana, Facolth, di Medicina, Universith, Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma (Italy). This work has beensupported by USPHS General Research Support Grant FR-05489-01 through the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and USPHS Training Grant GM-984-03 through Harvard Medical School. * Present address : NASA Electronics Research Center, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. $ Use will be made throughout of the terminology proposed by the late P. A. Gorer (Nature, Lond. (1961), 189, 1962). 'Homograft' is a graft between members of the same species. It is 'allogeneic' if the donor agd the recipient have different genotypes, isogeneic ' if they have equal genotypes.


In this study, boron powders with varying purity and form were mixed in different proportion to serve as precursors for reaction with Mg forming polycrystalline MgB2 bulks. The inductively measured superconducting transition temperature, T c and the critical current density, J c were compared to that of samples prepared from the respective single boron. Overall, T c remains largely unchanged for all samples. It was found that J c at 6 K and 20 K did not degrade significantly up to 4.6 T as a result of adding impure boron as much as 10 wt.% indicating comparable J c can be obtained without dependence of use of expensive high purity boron powder alone. The systematic decrease of J c with increasing impure boron additions shows that a compromise between desired J c and cost reduction can be made by varying the boron powder proportion. Finally, samples prepared from the mixture of both impure crystalline and amorphous borons even show enhanced J c up to 3 T at 20 K. The increase in J c correlates with the retention of strain level in these samples probably resulted from the more similar reaction rate of the respective borons.


Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery in patients with cirrhosis. Summary Background Data: Bariatric surgery may be a viable option for patients with cirrhosis and extreme obesity. However, the risk of liver decompensation after surgery is not thoroughly investigated. Methods: We conducted a case-controlled study with 106 obese patients with cirrhosis (cases) and 317 age, sex, body mass index-, and type of surgery-matched obese patients without cirrhosis (controls) who underwent bariatric surgery. Results: Patients with cirrhosis were predominantly Child-Pugh class A (97%) with the diagnosis established prior to surgery in only 46%. In the cirrhosis group, there was no death in the first 30 days compared with 1 patient in the control group. At 90 days there was 1 death in the cirrhosis group but no additional deaths in the control group. In total, 12 months after the surgery, there were 3 deaths in the cirrhosis group and 1 in the control group (2.8% vs 0.6%, P = 0.056). The surgery-related length of stay was significantly longer in patients with cirrhosis (3.7 ± 4.0 vs 2.6 ± 2.4 d, P = 0.001), but the 30-day readmission rate was lower (7.5% vs 11.9%, P = 0.001). The percent of total weight loss at 30 and 90-days was not significantly different between the groups and remained that way even at 1 year (29.1 ± 10.9 vs 31.2 ± 9.4%, P = 0.096). Conclusions: Bariatric surgery in obese cirrhotic patients is not associated with excessive mortality compared with noncirrhotic obese patients.


To evaluate the response of coriander cv. Unapal-Precoso at different levels of N and K an experiment was carried out. Plants were sown in pots with 4 kg of river washed sand and irrigated with nutrient solutions (Control: solution of Hougland and Arnon, other treatments: different concentrations of N and K). A complete randomized design with seven treatments and five repetitions was used. Four sampling every nine days until the final harvest were taken. With the high concentration of K greater biomass accumulation and the lowest post-harvest loss of water was observed. The optimum range of N concentration in the nutrient solution was estimated between 3.9-8.7 mM and the critical level of K deficiency was 8.4 mM.


Abstract Several homologous benzoate and cinnamate series which exhibit ferroelectric smectic CA phase have been synthesized. The chiral chains were prepared from commercially available α-amino acids. Some of these series give rise to compounds or mixtures which display large spontaneous polarization.


Introduction: The Faculty of Pain Medicine recently published the first UK-focused Core Standards for Pain Management Services (CSPMS). We present an audit checklist tool developed to map compliance to the CSPMS, which offers a practical method of auditing any pain management service against the standards. Methods: The checklist tool was developed and its utility was field-tested in the Scottish National Residential Pain Management Programme (SNRPMP), a newly established service offering residential service to people in Scotland. Results: The checklist tool developed provides an easy and practical approach to evaluating any pain service against the national standards. Its application to evaluate the SNRPMP indicates that the service meets the majority of CSPMS standards and highlights aspects of the service requiring improvement. Conclusion: The layout of the developed checklist tool offers an alternative format for the structuring of the national standards in possible future revisions. The audit checklist tool enables evaluation of services with a numerical score, enabling monitoring of their compliance with national standards as well as comparisons between pain services.


This paper provides a framework to assess the contribution of science and innovation to society. It is divided into three parts. The first part reviews the indicators of the impact of science and innovation available in the literature and explains why economic indicators dominate the field. It also discusses some exercises that try to extend the discussions and measurements of impact to more intangible dimensions, and shows that these interesting results nevertheless fail to properly address the issue. The second part develops a typology of impact covering eleven dimensions. Beyond the economic dimension, the typology concentrates on more intangible ones. Finally, in the end, the third part discusses the challenges confronting social scientists and statisticians interested in measuring the impact of science and innovation.


INTRODUCTION : Presbycusis or hearing loss caused by aging can generate communicative psychological and social problems in the elderly, with profound impacts on their social and family life. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the perception of a group of seniors about their hearing handicap before and after using a hearing aid. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to 29 elderly coming from a private hospital in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. In this study the elderly responded to questions regarding the emotional consequences caused by hearing loss and about the social effects of this loss. The questionnaire was completed prior to placing the hearing aid and in a second stage, after one or two years of use. RESULTS: We found significant differences between the average handicap before and after using the device (p=0.0000). Thus there was significant decrease of hearing handicap after hearing aid use in the study group. CONCLUSION: It was found that the elderly generally made good use of hearing aids after a year of use, which had a positive impact on the quality of life and perception of their auditory handicap before and after use of the prosthesis.


Abstract While French anthropology has spent considerable time examining the relationship between the body and society, it has not paid equivalent attention to the ways in which sensory skills are affected by the natural environment in which they have evolved. Mimetic processes inspired by "nature", such as onomatopeia and, as will be argued here, toponyms, are a valuable example of this phenomenon. Not only do they draw attention to the significant role that the natural environment plays in social meaning, but they also offer privileged insight into the ways in which perception of the environment is shaped and stabilized.


The equi-cardinality quantifier1 to be used in this article, written as Qx, is characterised by the following semantical rule: A formula QxA(x) is true in a relational system exactly when the cardinality of the set consisting of these elements which make A(x) true is the same as that of the universe. For instance, QxN(x) is true in 〈Rt, N〉 but false in 〈Rl, N〉 where Rt, Rl, and N are the sets of rational numbers, real numbers, and natural numbers, respectively. We notice that in finite domains the equi-cardinality quantifier is the same as the universal quantifier. For this reason, all relational systems considered in the following are assumed infinite.


P . H . E. Mei jer gives an in t roduct ion to the densi ty m a t r i x , the Wigner d i s t r ibu t ion function, second quant izat ion and the d i a g r a m m a t i c method (40 p a g e s ) . (In the r e v i e w e r ' s opinion the t r e a t m e n t of the dens i ty m a t r i x is infer ior to that given in the textbooks of M e s s i a h and Di rac , for e x a m p l e . ) T. Tanaka r ev i ews the G r e e n ' s function method and the p e r t u r b a t i o n theory approach to the e l e c t r o n gas (64 p a g e s ) . T. M o n t a gives a detailed d i s cus s ion of the d i a g r a m m a t i c method (31 p a g e s ) . The m o s t in t e res t ing m a t e r i a l is contained in the l e c tu r e s by R. W. Zwanzig which a r e concerned with a carefu l d i s cus s ion of m a s t e r equa t ions . A new der iva t ion (now published, see P h y s i c a 30 (1964) 1109-1123) of a genera l i zed m a s t e r equat ion is given (33 p a g e s ) .


Due to intense global competition, manufacturing companies need to improve and optimize productivity, increase production and flexibility, and gain competitive advantages. Companies have begun to look for new approaches and strategies in the field of production management. This includes tools like Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), which aim to manage machines and equipment, reduce waste and lead time, and ensure and enhance competitiveness. The main objective of this study is to explore the connection and the context of the use of industrial engineering tools, namely SMED and TPM, and to monitor and evaluate Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) in industrial companies in the Czech Republic. A comprehensive questionnaire survey of 200 companies and a detailed evaluation of the operational performance of 92 companies were carried out from the third quarter of 2019 to the third quarter of 2020. It was found out that 20.5% of companies implemented SMED, 26.5% of companies implemented TPM, and 54.0% of companies did not monitor and evaluate OEE. The research confirms the theoretical link between SMED and OEE and between OEE and TPM. The statistical significance of the use of SMED and TPM separately was not demonstrated. However, the mutual interaction of using TPM and SMED on the OEE level was proved.


The health services are vital in every society either for humans, animals, or plants. Technically developed zones have better infrastructures for medical facilities whereas developing and under-developing regions, especially remote areas, lacking basic health services to people. Especially, in case of newly born babies and life threatening chronic diseases, the cost of consultancy services are far beyond the common person. Even though, with the engagement of paramedical staff, patients are unable to approach them because of remoteness, strikes, curfews, especially late at nights. On the other hand, modern techniques (mobile, androids, etc.) and internet services are very popular in the recent times and are within the access of every one. These modern gadgets can be utilized to improve the quality of health treatment and strengthens the overall access of medical care. Remote medical consultancy through cloud can plays important role in this regard. Providing health services through mobile agents at nominal expense will raise the over-all standard of e-health. We present medical consultancy on clouds by introducing Physician Agent who provides services in remote areas on behalf of physicians / doctors. The intention is to provide disease diagnostics along with prescription through expert opinions using agent based cloud service. The services are provided in user native language and the remedy consists of locally available medicines (like allopathic, homeopathic, and herbal).


In basement structure,exterior wall is an important structure member,the exterior wall design will affect its engineering price and structure safety.This paper analyzed loads on the exterior wall and its combination,discussed one-way plank and double-way plank for the exterior wall calculation models in the different circumstances,indicated the difference between common basement and civil defense basement in loads and loads combination,calculation method etc.,put forward the exterior wall crack control measure by material selection and design,discussed other problems in the basement exterior wall structure design.


The kerosene hydrogenation refining process experimentation is applied using different catalysts.The results show that the chemical hydrogen consumption is lower combined with FH-40A/FH-40B catalysts than with FH-40A catalyst only,under the conditions that the product S1 μg/g,N1 μg/g and bromine value 150 mg Br/100 g(feed of molecular sieve catalyst).


The article examines the process of long-term and constant contact between the ancient Slavic and Turkic ethnic groups of people, which led to some shift in the cultural paradigm of both contacting peoples. However, the deep value paradigms of culture in both groups of ethnic groups were preserved for a long time. In a comparative aspect, equipollent ideological ideas (mythologems denoting solar, lunar and other symbols) of ancient times, on the one hand, are considered in comparison with the original Slavic pagan deities, on the other, with the ancient names of mythological deities inherent in the ancient Turks. As a result of the application of acculturation methods and techniques, we identified the original values of the cultures of both super-ethnic groups, which have not undergone significant changes and transformations. Some cultural paradigms in worldview have undergone certain shifts at the mental level. As a result of this process, the functional unity of both contacting ethnic groups was broken, then, over a certain period of time, a new balance was established, which was reflected, first of all, in the worldview of both ethnic groups. There was an equivalent semantic similarity in some solar and lunar pagan deities in the compared cultures. We have determined that some reflexes and rudiments of past relationships have been preserved in the customs and beliefs of cultures


A state space linear mathematical model oriented to the design of Passive and Active Mass Dampers for tall buildings and bridges in wind is presented. The model accounts for an arbitrary number of passive and active devices located at arbitrary points of the structure. The aerodynamic terms of the stiffness and damping matrices are considered in order to reproduce the behavior of the structure under the wind excitation. A general discussion on the application of H2/H∞ techniques to the synthesis of the active control law is carried out. For the tuning of the mechanical parameters of the devices, the problem is reformulated as a decentralized static output feedback control law design problem.


The goals of the NASA's library network system, NALNET, the functions of the current book system, the products and services of a book system required by NASA Center libraries, and the characteristics of a system that would best supply those products and services were assessed. Emphasis was placed on determining the most cost effective means of meeting NASA's requirements for an automated book system. Various operating modes were examined including the current STIMS file, the PUBFILE, developing software improvements for products as appropriate to the Center needs, and obtaining cataloging and products from the bibliographic utilities including at least OCLC, RLIN, BNA, and STIF. It is recommended that NALNET operate under the STIMS file mode and obtain cataloging and products from the bibliographic utilities. The recommendations are based on the premise that given the current state of the art in library automation it is not cost effective for NASA to maintain a full range of cataloging services on its own system. The bibliographic utilities can support higher quality systems with a greater range of services at a lower total cost.


Published data on the use of colloidal quantum dots in solar cells are analyzed and generalized. Various types of solar cells, their design and principles of operation are considered. The key factors influencing parameters of these devices are discussed. The bibliography includes 184 references.


In a chemical kinetics calculation, a solution-mapping procedure is applied to parametrize the solution of the initial-value ordinary differential equation system as a set of algebraic polynomial equations. To increase the accuracy, the parametrization is done piecewise, dividing the multidimensional chemical composition space into hypercubes and constructing polynomials for each hypercube. A differential equation solver is used to provide the solution at selected points throughout a hypercube, and from these solutions the polynomial coefficients are determined. Factorial design methods are used to reduce the required number of computed points. The polynomial coefficients for each hypercube are stored in a data structure for subsequent reuse, since over the duration of a flame simulation it is likely that a particular set of concentrations and temperature will occur repeatedly at different times and positions.

The method is applied to H2–air combustion using an 8-species reaction set. After N2 is added as an inert species and enthalpy is considered, this results in a 10-dimensional chemical composition space. To add the capability of using a variable time-step, time-step is added as an additional dimension, making an 11-dimensional space. Reactive fluid dynamical simulations of a 1-D laminar premixed flame and a 2-D turbulent non-premixed jet are performed. The results are compared to identical control runs which use an ordinary differential equation solver to calculate the chemical kinetic rate equations. The resulting accuracy is very good, and a factor of 10 increase in computational efficiency is attained.


Naphthalene poisoning is an uncommon poisoning due to its pungent smell, taste, insolubility in water, and poor absorption from the gut. It rarely occurs in suicidal attempts in adults and in accidental ingestion by children. We present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge encountered while treating a child with naphthalene-induced acute severe hemolytic anemia and acute kidney injury from accidental ingestion.


The antitrust law represents a key component of competition policy in the European Union. Our paper aims to highlight in what extent the antitrust policy may boost the growth of agricultural sector, also maintaining the free competition on the European Internal market. In order to achieve this goal we will present, through a qualitative analysis, the most recent developments in the EU competition framework for agriculture Our research will also points out, the role of antitrust regulations for boosting European agricultural sector development while preserving a competitive environment using some relevant cases studies and European statistics in the field. In the final part of our article we will assess (based on the conclusions of the SWOT analysis) how the antitrust policy main constitute an important vector for boosting production and competitiveness in the European agricultural sector.


Daily directional trading by mutual funds (MFs) is highly persistent and price-destabilizing, and short-initiated volume (SS) reacts strongly in the opposite direction. When MFs are buying, SS increases; when MFs are selling, SS backs-off. Over the next three months, stocks with strong MF buying (selling) and elevated (muted) SS earn the lowest (highest) returns. In fact, the well-documented ability of short-sale volume to predict returns is largely explained by contemporaneous MF trading in the opposite direction. We conclude some short sellers are able to detect and respond to price-destabilizing MF trades, and this ability is a significant part of the informational advantage of short-sale strategies.


The utility model discloses a wall air conditioner indoor set, including the casing be formed with heat exchanger and main air duct in the casing be formed with on the casing main air intake and with the main air outlet of main air duct intercommunication be formed with in the main air duct with heat exchange wind after the heat exchanger heat transfer is followed the main through -flow fan that main air outlet blew off be formed with the drainage air outlet on the casing, the drainage air outlet is located the main air outlet outside, be close to main air outlet top edge department be formed with in the casing and be independent of the drainage duct of main air duct, drainage duct with drainage air outlet intercommunication be formed with the drainage fan in the drainage duct, the drainage fan causes the non - heat exchange wind of outside drainage duct, and the warp drainage duct follows the drainage air outlet blows off. Use the utility model discloses, can realize mixing the air supply under the prerequisite that does not change the main air duct.


Quantum correlations have a very fundamental significance in the field of quantum
computation and quantum information theory. Though it is very well defined in the
study of spatially separated systems, quantum mechanics allows for the full range of
correlation between temporally separated systems too. In this project, our aim is to
study it's notion in the time domain. Recently Joseph F. Fitzsimon et al. has given a
new approach to the study of quantum correlation in the time domain by introducing
the concept of Pseudo-Density Matrix (PDM) whereas, a very fundamental development
on the temporal correlation has been done by Legget- Garg in 1985( which can't be
accounted by any macro-realist theory). Here, we set out to understand the PDM
notion for different cases and the significance of it to hold the correlations in time
domain using a quantifying tool. This study is extended to find out the correspondences
or incompatibility of it with Legget-Garg inequality and Concurrence - a measure of
quantum entanglement.


Peptide based lectin mimetics represent an attractive approach for the development of artificial carbohydrate receptors that might find application in bio-analytical and medicinal fields. Taking into consideration the structure of typical lectin binding site, we have designed a novel artificial receptor molecule possessing a rigid three-dimensional structure, hydrogen-bonding site and lipophilic binding pocket to promote hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen-bonding. A new solid- phase synthetic approach that allows complete synthesis of desired bicyclic peptide 1 on the solid support was developed. CD spectra of peptides 1 and 2 indicate that the structure of 1 is rather rigid and preorganised for the three-dimensional monosaccharide substrates binding. The binding affinities of bicyclic peptide receptor 1 toward various carbohydrate substrates at physiologically relevant conditions were estimated by UV/vis and fluorimetric titration experiments, and the observed values are in the millimolar range. With these results we have demonstrated that the bicyclic peptide 1 represent a promising basis for the design of new and more efficient carbohydrate receptors that may have broader application in bio-analytical or medicinal field.


Abstract– Multiple forms of acetylcholine hydrolyzing activity have been observed in Triton X‐100 treated homogenates of mouse neuroblastoma cells. All these forms appear to be the true acetylcholinesterase, AChE (EC 3.1.17): they are substrate‐inhibited; hydrolyze acetylcholine > acetyl‐β‐methylcholine ≫ butrylcholine and are preferentially inhibited by specific AChE inhibitors. Almost all of the cell AChE activity is membrane associated, but readily 'solubilized' by Triton X‐100 and as such appears free of membrane contamination. With the aid of affinity chromatography the 'solubilized' neuroblastoma AChE has been partially purified (490‐fold) to a specific activity of 34,300 nmol/min/mg protein.


This paper presents a model for maximizing the critical speed of a composite drive shaft without the penalty of increasing the total structural mass. Additional constraints include stress, torsional buckling as well as side constraints. The selected design variables are the fiber volume fraction distribution, fiber orientation angle and wall thickness of the shaft. Both continuous and discrete grading patterns have been implemented in the directions through the shaft wall thickness and length. Various power-law mathematical expressions describing material grading have been utilized, where the power exponent was taken as a main design variable. The associated optimization problem have been formulated as nonlinear mathematical programming problem and solved by applying the MATLAB optimization ToolBox routines, which implement the sequential quadratic programming method. A case study including the design optimization of a pinned-pinned slender shaft made of carbon-AS4/epoxy-3501-6 composites is presented. Results have shown that the approach implemented in this study is reasonably efficient to attain improved designs in a reasonable computer time.


It is still an open question when the orientation of the embryonic-abembryonic axis of the mouse embryo is laid down. The two most explicit symmetry breaking events for the egg are the extrusion of the second polar body and the sperm entry. The main question addressed in this paper is what happens between the sperm entering the egg and fusion of the two pronuclei. Orientation of the apposing pronuclei probably plays a decisive role in the polarity of the developing embryo. In order to shed some lights on this intriguing question, a mathematical model that describes the pronuclei dynamics have been constructed in the form of a stochastic differential equation. The model concerns pronuclei migration from the time of the sperm entry to the fusion and spatial orientation of this fusion. The methodology consists of using stacks of confocal microscopy time-lapse images of the pronuclei migration together with statistical methods to identify realistic parameters in the model. Given different angles between the sperm entry and the position of the second polar body, the final model is then used to produce distributions of orientations of the meeting positions between the pronuclei. However, the main result is the suggested model itself which describes the main features of the migration. The fitted model is based on two forces of attraction. Migration is directed towards the centre but also towards the other pronucleus. Parameter values corresponding to the size of these forces are estimated from data of both eggs treated with a microtubule inhibitor and untreated eggs. Simulations from the model with the different model parameters are accomplished and distributions of meeting positions are plotted. These simulated distributions could for instance be used as initial value distributions for future models of egg cleavage.


Abstract Ce:YAG-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites were prepared by using a melt compounding method, adding several amounts of Ce:YAG in the range 0.1–5 wt. %. The optical properties of the obtained composites and of the composites combined with a blue LED were measured to investigate the effect of the amount of Ce:YAG on the resulting emitted light in view of possible application in white LED manufacture. An increase in Ce:YAG amount caused an increase in the emission and a shift of 15 nm, influencing the white LED performance. The structure and morphology of the composites were studied. The results show that the interaction between the two components, observed by using solid state NMR experiments, are the responsible for the observed shift.


Consumers of services and products exhibit a wide range of behaviors on social networks when they are dissatisfied. In this paper, we consider three types of cynical expressions negative feelings, specific reasons, and attitude of being right and annotate a corpus of 3189 comments in Spanish on car analysis channels from YouTube. We evaluate both token classification and text classification settings for this problem, and compare performance of different pre-trained models including BETO, SpanBERTa, Multilingual Bert, and RoBERTuito. The results show that models achieve performance above 0.8 F1 for all types of cynical expressions in the text classification setting, but achieve lower performance (around 0.6-0.7 F1) for the harder token classification setting.


Scientific studies, standards and regulations regarding the requirements for design, construction, exploitation and maintenance of pavements and footpaths were analysed during the research. The main problems which appear during the construction and exploitation of these engineering structures were also studied. Estimating the most optimal surface material for pavements and footpaths, the most popular materials (asphalt, site-cast concrete, concrete slabs, concrete blocks, clinker blocks, stone blocks and gravel) were analysed. Evaluating different surface materials, the parameters were taken from a survey. In this survey the designers of pavements and footpaths as well as constructors participated. The public opinion was also taken into account. For the estimation of optimal surface material multicriteria analysis software Visual Promethee was used. The analysis shows that the most optimal surface material for pavements and footpaths is concrete blocks.


22 Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are algal light-gated ion channels widely used as optogenetic tools for 23 manipulating neuronal activity. ChRs desensitize under continuous bright-light illumination, 24 resulting in a significant decline of photocurrents. We describe a novel, metagenomically identified 25 family of phylogenetically distinct anion-conducting ChRs (designated MerMAIDs). MerMAIDs 26 almost completely desensitize during continuous illumination due to accumulation of a late non- 27 conducting photointermediate that disrupts the ion permeation pathway. MerMAID desensitization 28 can be fully explained by a single photocycle in which a long-lived desensitized state follows the 29 short-lived conducting state. A conserved cysteine is the critical factor in desensitization, as its 30 mutation results in recovery of large stationary photocurrents. The rapid desensitization of 31 MerMAIDs enables their use as optogenetic silencers for transient suppression of individual action 32 potentials without affecting subsequent spiking during continuous illumination. Our results could 33 facilitate the development of further novel optogenetic tools from metagenomic databases and 34 enhance general understanding of ChR function. 35 family of phylogenetically distinct ChRs metagenomically identified from marine microorganisms. These ChRs conduct anions but exhibit unique desensitization in 3 rd best


A theoretical description of the diffusion of a thin film of titanium (Ti) into a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystal is reported. A variable depth diffusion coefficient is used to explain the prominent lateral surface diffusion generally observed in the fabrication of Ti‐diffused optical waveguides on non‐Z‐cut LiNbO3. A finite integral transform technique is used to solve the diffusion equation described by Fick's law. Since the enhanced lateral diffusion is usually ascribed to anisotropic diffusion, we compare our calculations with those obtained using different diffusion coefficients for each diffusion direction. The approach with a variable depth diffusion coefficient can explain the enhancement of lateral diffusion and the peak of Ti concentration close to the surface observed experimentally.


This chapter addresses Tacitus' Agricola and Pliny the Younger's Panegyricus. At first glance, they have little in common. Both written early in Trajan's principate, one is a short biography of Tacitus' father-in-law, the other a long speech of thanks addressed to the emperor. However, they are also a complementary, contemporary, and directly connected pair of literary artworks. Tacitus marshals the resources of a long biographical tradition in his brilliant apology for the career of a quietist. Pliny for his part produces a striking account, at once humanizing and mythologizing, of an emperor whose scripted life finds significant origins in the pages of Tacitus. Between privatus and princeps, across biography and encomium, Agricola and Panegyricus together offer striking illumination of the possibilities for textualizing lives in Trajanic Rome.


r-3,6-Epidioxy-3,t-4,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexene (2), formed by dye-sensitised photo-oxygenation of α-pyronene(1) is reduced by triphenylphosphine to r-3,4-epoxy-4,t-5,6,6-tetramethylcyclohexene (7) and by lithium aluminium hydride to 1,5,5,t-6-tetramethylcyclohex-2-ene-r-1,c-4-diol (11). r-3,4-Epoxy-1,5,5,t-6-tetramethylcyclohexene (6) is the major product of the reaction in ether of perbenzoic acid with α-pyronene (1). From these oxidation products a number of diols and ketols have been obtained.


Altocumulus and altostratus clouds together cover approximately 22% of the earth`s surface. They play an important role in the earth`s energy budget through their effect on solar and infrared radiation. However, there has been little altocumulus cloud investigation by either modelers or observational programs. Starr and Cox (SC) (1985a,b) simulated an altostratus case as part of the same study in which they modeled a thin layer of cirrus. Although this calculation was originally described as representing altostratus, it probably better represents altocumulus stratiformis. In this paper, we simulate altocumulus cloud with a cloud resolving model (CRM). We simply describe the CRM first. We calculate the same middle-level cloud case as SC to compare our results with theirs. We will look at the role of cloud-scale processes in response to large-scale forcing. We will also discuss radiative effects by simulating diurnal and nocturnal cases. Finally, we discuss the utility of a 1D model by comparing 1D simulations and 2D simulations.


Both ammonia (NH3) and phosphine (PH3) play a significant role in an extensive range of industrial processes, while they are harmful to human health even at very low concentration. So far, a variety of gas sensors have been developed to detect them in an industrial environment aimed to protect the health of workers at their work place. Among various types of gas sensors, chemiresistive type gas sensors have attracted considerable interest due to its characteristics, such as simple fabrication, high sensitivity, high reliability, etc. Nevertheless, there are still some limitations, such as, high power consumption resulted from high operating temperatures, and most sensors are solely dedicated to an individual gas monitoring. In this work, we present the development of highly sensitive and highly discriminative graphene-based gas sensors for gas detection and identification at room temperature. Graphene is exfoliated by a liquid phase approach and functionalized by copper phthalocyanine derivate (CuPc). Leveraging machine learning techniques, graphene-based gas sensors demonstrate an excellent gas identification performance towards NH3 and PH3 at an ultralow concentration (ppb level). This work could pave the path to design highly sensitive and smart gas sensors for a wide range of gases.


The article expound the roles played by libraries in the upsurge of the central region of China,the resent situation of the central region,the existing problems in the development of this region,and how the libraries to fully play their roles.


Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) benefits from its early diagnosis and accurate treatment of lung diseases. Accurate segmentation of lung fields is an important component in CAD for lung health, which facilitates subsequent analysis. However, most of the existing algorithms for lung fields segmentation are unable to ensure appearance and spatial consistency due to the varied boundaries and poor contrasts. In this paper, we propose a novel and hybrid method for lung fields segmentation by integrating Dense-U-Net network and a fully connected conditional random field (CRF). In order to realize the reuse of image features, the structure of densely-connected is added to the decoder, which ensures the object with varied shapes and sizes can be extracted without adding more parameters. To make full use of the mutual information among pixels of the original image, a fully connected CRF algorithm is adopted to further optimize the preliminary segmentation results according to the intensity and position of each pixel. Compared with some previous popular methods on JSRT dataset, the proposed method in this paper shows higher Jaccard index and Dice-Coefficient.


tions inside Haiti. During the revolutionary years (1791-1804), Haitians migrated from urban to rural areas. Because the major plantations were located in the plains during colonial times and the major cities were on the coasts, slaves seeking their liberation had one option: to flee to the country, which often meant the mountains and interior plateaux (p. 53). Another type of migration common in Haiti, according to Catanese, is rural-rural migration, whereby rural migrants move from their villages to other agricultural areas, mainly the rice-growing Artibonite Valley, in search of work. This move is seldom permanent. Third, there is rural-urban migration, which involves peasants moving primarily to Port-au-Prince, which either becomes their permanent home or a launching pad for a fourth type of migration: off-island migration, mainly to the east coast of the United States. In all cases, rural migration is driven by the twin phenomenon of "push" and ''pull.'' O n one hand, the wretchedness of the rural economy, aggravated as it is by deforestation and population growth, push peasants off the land (hence the justification for calling Haitians migrants "environmental" refugees); on the other, the pull of the city, be it Port-au-Prince or Miami, with all of its modern amenities (i.e., schools, hospitals, electricity, roads) and promises of higher income, constitutes an irresistible magnet for would-be rural migrants. The solution, according to Catanese: make Haiti, specifically rural Haiti, more livable for its people so that rural Haitians will not have as strong an incentive to migrate as they now do. Catanese has a clear preference for the rural poor, whose lives should be improved through "agricultural extension services, credit, storage, education, health services, marketing cooperatives, and nonwood sources of energy" (p. 78). Thus, Catanese takes issue with the more conventional, socalled neo-liberal solution, which tends to advocate urban job creation in the assembly sub-sector, where wages are low, and privatization of state monopolies in order to improve performance. While Catanese's policy prescription has irrefutable moral appeal (it is about time that the Haitian peasant be given a break), it is not clear that it can be justified on economic grounds. Rural Haiti is beset with so many problems, of which deforestation is only one, that Haiti probably lacks the resources to deal with all of them, and even then the benefits are at best uncertain. It is worth mentioning that the cornerstone of R e d Prkval's administration has been the kind of reforms advocated by Catanese, yet to date the results have been modest, to say the least. The solution to stopping illegal migration from Haiti, and to make Haiti more livable for its people, as Catanese puts it, has to be multifaceted and need not involve choosing country over city. Conditions will have to be improved in the former along the lines suggested by Professor Catanese; jobs that pay decent salaries must be created in the latter; and less restrictive policies by the US. would help Haitians legally migrate to the U.S., where, as Catanese shows, they are not among the poorest of the poor. Haitian-Americans (used in broad terms) do not represent a burden on the U.S. social services system and, through remittance, make a valuable contribution to the Haitian economy. In sum, there is no one-size-fits-all solution to the Haiti probkmatique, however morally compelling "preferential treatment" for the rural poor, the majority, may be.


The linear integral representation method has been developed from the Backus and Gilbert (Backus, G. and Gilbert, F., 1967, Numerical application of formalism for geophysical inverse problems. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 13, 247–276; Backus, G. and Gilbert, F., 1968, The resolving power of gross Earth data. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 16, 169–205) method for solving problems, in which the number of data is sufficiently large; at the same time the spatial distribution of some physical properties is represented by a large number of the parameters, or even is an unknown function of spatial coordinates. The linear integral representation method enables us to obtain the solution using discrete and approximately given field data. Elements of the external gravity field are represented by a sum of simple and double layer potentials, which are harmonic outside the field sources. The field sources are distributed on one or several planes lying under the Earth surface. We show that this approximation (we call it "S-approximation") gives reasonable results in the synthesis problems, since various gravity field elements can be obtained from the S-approximation of only one field element by elementary operations.


. A Life-Table-Response Experiment lasting 78 d was performed to investigate the toxic effects of sediment-associated 4-n-nonylphenol (NP) on growth, reproduction, and survivorship of isolated hermaphrodites of the infaunal polychaete Capitella sp. I. Demographic effects were evaluated using both a fully age-classified and a simple two- stage model to estimate population growth rates ( (cid:108) ). Decomposition analysis was performed to explore the contributions of each of the affected life-history traits to the effects observed on (cid:108) . Elasticity analysis was applied to examine the relative sensitivity of (cid:108) to changes in each of the different life-history traits under different exposure levels. In the lowest NP treatment (14 (cid:109) g NP/g dry mass of sediment) significant stimulatory effects were observed for both asymptotic body volume and average brood size, but these did not result in a significant effect on (cid:108) . Negative effects on brood size, volume-specific fecundity, time to first reproduction, and individual growth rate were significant in the highest NP treatment (174 (cid:109) g/g dry mass), and these effects resulted in a significant reduction in (cid:108) . Decomposition of the two-stage model indicated that the effect of NP on time to first reproduction was a major cause of changes in population growth rate. Although time to first reproduction increased by only (cid:59) 20% in the highest NP treatment relative to the control, it was responsible for more than half (55%) of the effect on (cid:108) . In contrast, per-individual fecundity decreased by 75% but only explained 44% of the effect on (cid:108) . Elasticity analysis of the two-stage model showed that (cid:108) became less sensitive to changes in fecundity and time to maturity, but not to changes in juvenile and adult survival probabilities, with increasing NP exposure. In this study, population growth rate was not significantly affected by NP concentrations lower than those affecting the individual life-history traits. However, since the population-level consequences of changes in each trait depend on the starting value of (cid:108) , on the extent to which the other traits are impacted by the toxicant, and on the life-history characteristics of the species under consideration, the application of demographic analyses to chronic toxicity test results is required to link individual-level responses to population-level impacts of toxicant exposure. ( (cid:108)


SUMMARY

Wyerone acid at 100μg/ml prevented germination of conidia of Botrytis cinerea Fr. in aqueous extracts of leaves of Vicia faba L., but it was inactive in water and some synthetic nutrient solutions though antifungal activity appeared when the pH of these media was adjusted to 4.0 or 4.5. In pollen diffusates (V.faba or Nicotiana glutinosd) wyerone acid had little activity even at pH 4.0. In malt extract at pH 4.5 wyerone acid was active against several other plant pathogenic fungi but not against B. cinerea. It was concluded that both pH and unknown components of natural media affected the fungitoxicity of wyerone acid.


The author researches on the stable heat transmission of high speed ship gearbox with heavy load under good lubricating condition,establishes a set of thermal balance equations by using thermal network method,builds up power loss model,heat resistance model and convection coefficient calculation model,and uses MATLAB to calculate the temperature of the key nodes.


This article reflects only the views of the author and does not necessarily represent the positions of the Air War College, The U.S. Air Force, or the U.S. Department of Defense. Grant T. Hammond, David G. Blair, Robert L. Wendzel and Peter Denega have provided helpful comments on an earlier draft. A previous version of this article was presented at the 1991 Annual Conference of the International Security Studies Section of the International Studies Association.