This article proposes a quality-of-life (QOL) theory of leisure travel satisfaction based on goal theory. The proposed theory has four central principles: (1) selecting leisure travel goals that have high levels of positive valence, (2) selecting leisure travel goals that are very likely to be attained, (3) engaging in actions that would implement these leisure travel goals, and (4) engaging in actions that would allow the tourist to experience goal attainment. Numerous subprinciples are introduced in the context of these four major principles. A research agenda is discussed based on the overall theory. Managerial implications of this research are also discussed.


Sandia National Laboratories, California (SNL/CA) is a government-owned/contractor-operated laboratory. Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, operates the laboratory for the Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). The NNSA Sandia Site Office oversees operations at the site, using Sandia Corporation as a management and operating contractor. This Site Environmental Report for 2009 was prepared in accordance with DOE Order 231.1A (DOE 2004a). The report provides a summary of environmental monitoring information and compliance activities that occurred at SNL/CA during calendar year 2009. General site and environmental program information is also included. The Site Environmental Report is divided into ten chapters. Chapter 1, the Executive Summary, highlights compliance and monitoring results obtained in 2009. Chapter 2 provides a brief introduction to SNL/CA and the existing environment found on site. Chapter 3 summarizes SNL/CA's compliance activities with the major environmental requirements applicable to site operations. Chapter 4 presents information on environmental management, performance measures, and environmental programs. Chapter 5 presents the results of monitoring and surveillance activities in 2009. Chapter 6 discusses quality assurance. Chapters 7 through 9 provide supporting information for the report and Chapter 10 is the report distribution list.


Analysing customers in groups is one of the most fundamental issues in Marketing. It helps companies sufficiently learn from their customers, and rationally design their marketing strategies. Given a customer database with n records (customers) and m attributes (one's characteristics) stored, different approaches can be applied to automatically segment (cluster) records in divisions. In this paper, we propose an Association Rule Mining (ARM) based approach, which introduces transaction (market-basket) data into current customer segmentation task, and automatically recognises customers in groups (possibly overlapping) using their frequently purchased goods sets (noticed as frequent itemsets in ARM). Furthermore, a variety of strategies and/or techniques (i.e., statistics based, data mining based, machine learning based, etc.) that are found in current customer segmentation can be applied to deeply extract the similarities in customer characteristics within each pre-generated group, which indicates why these particular goods are purchased simultaneously.


Effective manipulation and rapid injection of nanosensor with high cell viability have great significance to biological and biomedical applications such as drug delivery and cells biology. This study presents manipulation of a magnetic nanosensor, immobilization onto cell surface using zeta potential control and injection into cell cytoplasm by local laser heating. The nanosensor is stained by a temperature indicator and coated with lipid layer containing photochromic material. The zeta potential of the liposome is controlled interchangeability between positive by UV illumination and negative by VIS illumination. The positively charged nanosensor is manipulated by glass nanoprobe and immobilized on the cell membrane since the charge of the cells are negative. We demonstrated the manipulation and immobilization of the nanosensor using optical charge control and injection of the sensor into the cell cytoplasm by local laser heating.


As promising candidate frequency bands, millimeter wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) communications can provide ultrahigh transmission rate to enable vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks for connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs). However, beam alignment is extremely challenging in mmWave/THz communications due to its narrow beam width and fast mobility of CAV. In this article, we propose a new joint communication and control algorithm for beam alignment, where the mutual positive effect of communications and motion control of CAV on each other is discussed. Specifically, we first provide a framework to show the interaction between motion control of CAV and beam alignment of transmission from base station (BS) to CAV. Then, we analyze the effect of CAV control on beam alignment in communications, where a theorem is obtained to show the closed-form expression of their relationship. Finally, we discuss the CAV control design affected by beam alignment. Simulation results show remarkable performance of the proposed method.


The role of the state and its apparatus in Russian history has always been a controversial issue. The state, as abstraction and as actual center of power, was prominent in the thought of supporters and critics of the regime and historians, whatever their place on the political spectrum. In recent years there has been renewed and intensified interest in the state which has been expressed in three distinct, but related areas of research. First, Soviet and Western historians


The present invention relates to a device for obtaining plastic tubes, and a method using said device. This device comprises a tank (15) whose edges (16) will advantageously have a rounded edge towards the outside of the trough (15). The arrival of the coolant takes place through openings (17) and its discharge is effected through an outlet (19) at the bottom of the trough (15) which is in the form of an inclined plane, and also at the edges upper (16) in the manner of a swimming pool; at the box (14), wherein is disposed the tray (15), the discharge of the coolant is via the outlet (20). The plastic tube being formed is ideally move in a straight line substantially along the longitudinal axis of the trough (15) and is immersed in the cooling liquid filling the tray (15). Application to the production of plastic pipes for medical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food.


The study looks for the existence of accent-based discriminations on the labor market when employers analyze voices. It presents a correspondence study including four candidates and three expected disfavored characteristics: carrying a NorthAfrican name, living inside a deprived area and having an accent of deprived areas. They are ramdomly assigned to fictitious candidates in order to compare or cumulate last one with the two other unproductive observables which suffer employer's prejudice. In order to find accent-based discriminations, I check whether employers leave a message after they heard applicants' voice in their answering machine. I found that applicants whose voices sound from deprived areas are less favored for jobs which require direct relationships with customers. Probit estimation shows a marginal effect of -0.104 statistically significant at the 10% level.


ATM provides the flexibility of supporting different traffic classes with diverse flow characteristics while guaranteeing the different quality of service (QOS) requirements. In this paper, with both cell loss probability and maximum cell delay of each traffic class as the QOS requirements, an efficient algorithm is developed to determine the minimum capacity required to satisfy all the QOS requirements when multiple traffic classes of on-off sources are multiplexed onto one virtual path (VP) by applying the Markov Modulated Deterministic Process (MMDP) method. We then consider the problem of assigning traffic classes to VPs so as to minimize the total capacity required. A simple algorithm to produce a near optimal assignment has also been proposed. The performance of the proposed algorithm has numerically been compared to that of the optimal assignment.


Cases of sporadic myoglobinuria are often associated with multiple aetiological factors, such as electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, coma, exertion, ischaemia and abnormal body temperature (Rowland 1984). Heroin has been reported to produce myoglobinuria in association with overdose, multiple drug and alcohol consumption, coma, or adulteration of the preparation used. We report a case of myoglobinuria following the intravenous administration of a relatively pure sample of street heroin.


In this paper, we use the 2005-2010 data of 35 large and medium cities in China to establish a panel model, and fixed effects model is used to estimate the factors that affect the price of urban residential land. The empirical results show that urban infrastructure, the level of economic development, the living standards of residents and the size of the population have a significant positive impact on urban residential land price.


The distribution of smart grid applications to different physical devices not interconnected with physical sensors has opened the possibility for software virtualization allowing flexible localization of functionalities. Harnessing wireless 5G technology enables edge computing and locating smart grid applications at the edge. In this paper, we study edge computing supporting medium voltage grid fault location, discuss the challenges and benefits of bringing smart grid applications to the edge, and demonstrate fault location operation on an edge device. The challenges and benefits undertaken for a good business case are highlighted. The demonstration shows that the total data rate in urban areas is the critical parameter, whereas latency due to large distances and the general availability of edge resources are the most significant issues in rural areas.


The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical reaction equipment, and relates to a tester for realizing steady-flow erosion corrosion. A solution medium beaker is arranged on the inner wall of a stainless steel beaker body of a reaction still; a sample containing beaker is arranged in the solution medium beaker holding a solution medium; a sample is arranged in the sample containing beaker; a sample placing window is formed in the side wall of the sample containing beaker; a polytetrafluoroethylene sample beaker fixing cover covers the sample containing beaker; two polytetrafluoroethylene locking holes are symmetrically formed in the polytetrafluoroethylene sample beaker fixing cover; a stainless steel sample beaker fixing cover of which the middle part is an opening covers the top end of the solution medium beaker; two stainless steel locking holes are symmetrically formed in the stainless steel sample beaker fixing cover; a blade is arranged in the solution medium beaker; a gasket is embedded in the inner wall of the middle opening of the stainless steel sample beaker fixing cover. The tester is simple in structure, and convenient in operation; the sample can be easily fixed; the processing requirement is low; the flow rate is easy to control; accurate measurement of the material corrosion performance is realized; the reliability and the accuracy of the material failure condition criteria are improved.


Annette Weiner's theory of inalienable possessions, while bridging important gaps between meaning and materiality in archaeological studies of labor, gives short shrift to the potential role of landed property in constituting regimes of value. This chapter responds by exploring how archaeologists can study the social, political, and economic consequences of the inheritance of cultivated landscapes from estate ancestors. Drawing on Weiner's framework for "keeping-while-giving" and Parker Shipton's notion of "ideologies of attachment," the chapter examines the ways and extent to which Maya families deployed agrarian rituals to embed identity in wealth and secure its intergenerational transmission. An archaeological case from pre-Hispanic Honduras is used to evaluate these ideas with data on settlement, land use, and ritual economy.


ONE YEAR INTO THE PANDEMIC The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on 11 March 2020 (WHO, 2020a). This declaration prompted emergency measures across the globe to contain the spread of the disease. Taken as a whole, the virus and containment policies constituted a global shock, leading to multiple disruptions to food systems at all scales, affecting both supply and demand (Béné et al., 2021; FAO, 2020b).


State‐of‐the‐art satellite drag models require upgrades to meet operational Precision Orbit Determination requirements for collision avoidance, reentry predictions and catalog maintenance. However, accurate model representations of thermospheric density are not currently possible without the use of data assimilation, or model calibration. Furthermore, due to sparse data sampling in the thermosphere, such calibration has only been successfully demonstrated by fitting the available data to a low‐dimensional model. The High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM), used operationally by the Space Surveillance Network to aid in the tracking of low‐earth orbiting satellites, compensates for errors in the Jacchia‐70 static diffusion model by fitting a truncated set of spherical harmonics to a subset of recent satellite tracking data. We present a technique to derive a set of basis functions better suited to capturing the spatial variability and response of the thermosphere. By comparing the uncompensated Jacchia‐70 model with the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIEGCM), we create a new set of orthogonal basis functions that can be used to calibrate semi‐empirical models such as HASDM with increased accuracy in the presence of sparse data. An initial analysis of the new approach, driven by synthetic data, shows a 32.9% improvement in the RMS error over the current implementation of HASDM.


Background: Listeria rhombencephalitis is a rare and serious complication of Listeria monocytogenes infection. We present a case of presumed Listeria rhombencephalitis with dramatic recovery from a highly morbid state. Methods: A previously healthy 64 year old woman with a remote and stable history of a major depressive episode and no history to suggest immune compromise presented with nausea and vomiting followed by the acute onset of diplopia and gait disturbance 28 days after exposure to an identified infectious source of spring rolls and 21 days after a severe diarrheal illness from that exposure. Our patient was evaluated by emergency physicians and general internists over a period of 1 week after the onset of diplopia and gait disturbance and given a diagnosis of serotonin syndrome before receiving a consultation from Neurology. Her presentation featured a deep encephalopathy and an unusual hyperkinetic movement disorder with startle myoclonus, palatal myoclonus and diffuse tremor. Results: Her MRI scan showed FLAIR hyperintensities in the bilateral cerebellum and pons with adjacent pial enhancement, characteristic of Listeria rhombencephalitis. Her CSF showed a lymphocytic pleocytosis with normal chemistry. Conclusions: She recovered dramatically to treatment with IV ampicillin. This case report illustrates the importance of considering Listeria rhombencephalitis in immunocompetent patients with brainstem symptoms following a diarrheal illness.


Mark Q. Sawyer. Racial Politics in Post Revolutionary Cuba. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 222 pp.When Fidel's 26th of July Movement overthrew the Batista regime in 1959, a socialist government finally emerged in the Western Hemisphere. The academe salivated at the opportunities. With the Revolution came a chance to see if Marxism could ameliorate Cuban racial barriers. The research that followed in Cuba, according to Mark Q. Sawyer, largely corroborated the myth of a racial democracy, not only in Cuba, but throughout Latin America. This "democracy" usually rested upon the higher rates of miscegenation between blacks and whites. How can racism exist among such an interactive population? Moreover, blacks in Cuba had gained credibility for their participation in wars, as well as the July 26th Movement. Mark Sawyer, the author of Racial Politics in Post Revolutionary Cuba, adds to the growing school against challenging the myth of racial democracy.Sawyer offers his own "race cycles" theory to explain racial progress thus far. The theory is not completely original, however. The author uses a sort of "salad bowl" technique: add one part McAdam et al, a dash of Orni and Winant, mix generously with Sewell to create a blend of the most useful theoretical components. The central tenets of the "race cycles" theory are that racial politics are driven by mechanisms like state crisis, regime change, racial ideology, transnational politics, and endogenous shocks to the system, or influential international events. Due to the conflicting state priorities that arise from such events, each mechanism provides subordinate racial groups with opportunities for gains. These gains are related in "a positive fashion" to the degree of the crisis. When the dust settles, a new racial equilibrium stands. In this way, racial progress is hardly a constant struggle of steady gains, but rather a tumultuous system in which it is achieved more by sporadic jolts. Sawyer believes that previous scholars have too often argued within the perspective of racial inclusion and kept within the framework of linear progress. Through "race cycles," Sawyer aims to correct this rigid line of thinking. Using this system, Sawyer argues, the scholar achieves a more detailed and nuanced perspective. By applying race cycles to Cuba, Sawyer concludes the term "inclusionary discrimination" more accurately applies to the uneasy relationship between blacks and whites in Cuba.Although the first chapter is thick with theory, the rest of the book pleasantly distances itself from its theoretical underpinnings. Sawyer blends historical, anecdotal survey and secondary source analysis to test "race cycles" in Cuba. Through historical analysis, the first chapter demonstrates fairly clearly that blacks retained structural disadvantages, such as inadequate housing, lack of education, etc. With the success of Castro's revolution, these disadvantages were supposed to disappear. As most are aware, they did not, although they did improve. Castro, the author correctly notes, was at minimum paternalistic toward blacks, however, insinuating they should be thankful to the Revolution for elevating their status in Cuban society. Such interplay deters from the fact that the actions and participation of blacks helped instigate the Revolution and aided in its success.Sawyer does an excellent service to his case in showing the contradictory nature of Cuban politics through an international scope. The hype of a socialist Revolution excited American black nationalists of the sixties and seventies. Eldridge Cleaver, Robert Williams, Angela Davis, Stokely Carmichael, and Assata Shakur all originally looked to Cuba as an example that could be achieved through revolutionary nationalism. Of course, Castro reveled an opportunity for another chance to racially humiliate the United States, as he had done during his stay in Harlem. "Stokely," he proudly yelled to a visiting Carmichael, "esta es tu casal" However, of the five, only Angela Davis has maintained her unequivocal support of racial politics in Cuba. …


Barrie Martyn. Nicolas Medtner: His Life and Music. Aldershot, England: Scolar Press, 1995. 274 pp. ISBN 0-85967-959-4 (hardcover). Barrie Martyn' s exhaustive study, Rachmaninoff: Composer, Pianist, Conductor (Scolar Press, 1990) is widely recognized as one of the most important and comprehensive monographs on the composer's life and works available in English. It is certain that Martyn's latest book will occupy an even more important position with respect to Rachmaninoff's lesser-known contemporary, Nicolas Medtner (1880-1951). The format of the new book is basically the same as that of the first section, "Rachmaninoff the Composer," of the earlier book: a chronological survey of the composer's life alternates with analyses of his works interspersed liberally with musical examples. It is in comparison with the earlier book that certain limitations appear in the Medtner study. Whereas, in Rachmaninoff, the musical examples were typeset anew, the Medtner book reproduces excerpts from published scores; the end result lacks consistency in typeface and size from one extract to the next (compare example 51 with example 52, both on p. 88). There is evidence, too, of cutting and pasting in order that clefs, and key and time signatures, appear at the beginning of each excerpt (e.g., example 25 on p. 51). These shortcomings, admittedly, are merely cosmetic. More vexing is the practice, evident in both books, of not identifying excepts by measure numbers. There are times when it is uncertain whether an excerpt comes from the beginning of a piece or movement, or if it is culled from the middle or end. Attention to such a seemingly simple detail would have enhanced the book considerably. Many readers would likely have found useful an overview of the composer's compositional style, such as had appeared in Martyn's earlier book in the chapter on "Rachmaninoff and Russian Musical History." The only overview of Medtner's music is contained in the brief introduction and there are no references to corroborating material in the musical analyses. Certain features of Medtner's style do surface again and again: modality, counterpoint (including many strict canons and fugues, and such pyrotechnics as the combining of a theme with itself at quadruple speed in the first movement of the Piano Concerto no. 2, op. 50), the reviewing, in the final pages, of a work's themes (either successively or in superimposition), the imitation of bells (similar to Rachmaninoff in this regard and cited with reference to over a dozen of Medtner's works, including the well-known "Danza festiva" of op. 38), and so forth. A summation of Medtner's style, making reference to these and other features and footnoting references in the body of the book, or, alternatively, the inclusion of a comprehensive index would have been most welcome. As it is, for example, we have no way of knowing that Medtner's references to the Dies irae'm the Piano Quintet in C major, op. posth. (1948) had a precedent in the Tale, op. 34, no. 3, written over thirty years earlier (1916), or that the summing up of thematic material at the end of both pieces of op. 58 ("Russian Round Dance" and "Knight-Errant" [194O]) had a precedent at the close of the Tale, op. 8, no. 2 (1905) and in the recapitulation of the Sonata-Reminiscenza, op. 38(1920). Another shortcoming, again common to both books, is the lack of a work-list by genre. In the earlier book, a "Chronological Summary of Rachmaninoff's Principal Compositions" was a step in the right direction (as a supplement to the alphabetical index of works at the end of the book), but a formal work-list would have been more useful than the summary and index combined. In Rachmaninoff's case a work-list can be found in any number of sources and A Catalogue of the Compositions of S. Rachmaninoff by Robert Threlfall and Geoffrey Norris (Scolar Press, 1982) is widely available in libraries and still in print. With respect to Medtner, a work-list is more difficult to come by, so it is regrettable that Martyn has dispensed with the convenience of even a "Chronological Summary. …


Mayerhofer 1 has applied an old oxygen consumed water test used as an index of contained organic matter to determine variations in the organic elements of cerebrospinal fluid in normal and pathological conditions. The number of c. c. of a decinormal potassium permanganate solution when boiled for ten minutes in a strong sulphuric acid solution, that is reduced by I c. c. of spinal fluid, is determined the Permanganate reduction index. The field for the application of the reduction index appears to be limited to young children evidencing symptoms of meningeal irritation, and is of differential aid in determining a true involvement of the meninges and diseases other than meningitis but which appear meningeal. The inco'nstancy of cytologic findings and the difficulty of demonstrating causative micro-organisms in these bo'rderline conditions, gives to this test a certain sphere of usefulness.' The reduction index is usually below 2 with normal fluids and the upper limit of normal fluids as determined by Mayerhofer is 2.3 and by Hoffman and Schwartz 2 as 2.5. In tuberculous meningitis is there a constantly high index, especially iin the last portion of the fluid. In serous meningitis, on the other hand, the index is relativelv lower and higher in the first portion. Hoffman and Schwartz report an index of from 2.5 to 5.7 in tuberculous meningitis, rarely above 2.4 in serous' meningitis, usually above 3 in epidemic meningitis and between 2.5 and 3.3 in polyomyelitis in the acute stage. These authors also report a case of tumor of the cerebellum with the clinical picture of tuberculous meningitis in which the index was persistently below 2. I am here presenting a small series of fluids in which the Permanganate reduiction index was determined.


Disclosed is an epoxy resin composition which possesses flame retardant properties without the addition of a halogen fire retardant agent to same, is heat-resistant to lead-free solder, and also provides a base material with excellent adhesion properties for plating. Further disclosed are a prepreg obtained from the composition, and a metal-clad laminate and printed wiring board with an insulating resin layer of the composition formed thereupon. The epoxy resin composition employed comprises: (A) a polymerised compound comprised of a phosphaphenanthrene group and at least one constituent chosen from a phenolic novolak polymer, and a phenolic novolak polymer with a hydrogen atom of a phenolic hydroxyl group substituted by a phosphaphenanthrene group; (B) an epoxy resin with two or more epoxy groups in one molecule; and (C) a hardening agent which hardens the epoxy resin.


ALTEX 22, Special Issue 2005 150 Many types of chemicals have been reported to induce phototoxic effects. They all absorb radiation in the wavelength range of 290-700 nm and are distributed in sun-exposed tissues. The in vitro 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) phototoxicity test is based on a comparison of the cytotoxicity of a compound when tested in the presence and absence of exposure to UVA light. This assay was recently adopted by the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EAMA/CPMP, 20021) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA/CDER, 2003) for guidance on photosafety testing. The 3T3-NRU phototoxicity test was shown to be predictive of acute effects in animals and in human for UVA/visible absorbers (Spielmann et al. 1998). Positive chemicals in this test are highly likely to be phototoxic in vivo following systemic or topical applications (OECD, 2002). In order to determine the reliability and relevance of this assay for strict UVB absorbers, 8 chemicals that absorb in UVB range only were tested in which 6/8 have been reported to be photo-irritants in vivo. The correlation between in vivo published data and those obtained with the 3T3-NRU in vitro assay will be shown. Poster Phototoxicity testing: Relevance of the 3T3-NRU assay for UVB absorbers


Inthis paperarepresented thedeveloped ofthemediumandthefilters. W.Sanders andD.McAllister algorithms andprogram system implementation forstereoscopic (1)havepublished someworkssummarizing thealgorithms anaglyph deghosting based onparallax andcolor adjustment. The usedforcreation ofanaglyphs withreduced ghosting effect. stereoscopic technique basedoncolor separation oftheimages, intendedfor theleft andtheright eyerespectively, bymeansofRed andCyancolor filters (anaglyph glasses) isused. Methods and oumingoais tosgges andimplement thm for algorithms forestimation andreduction ofghosting effectglhoting reduction inanaglyphs andtocompare themtothe associated with anaglyph stereo images aswell asanapproach to already existing ones. Mostmethods foranaglyph ghosting measure andanalyze this effect aresuggested. Theprogram results reduction arebasedonB-matrix modification inproduction ofthedeveloped ghosting reduction algorithm withintensity stage, forexample thealgorithm ofDubois(2). Ourworkis transformation ofRedandGreen channels arecompared tothePS mostly concentrated onthepostproduction ghosting reduction basic processing method ofanaglyphs. Theachieved results canbe onalready created anaglyphs rather thanonstereo pair usedforstereoscopic imaging suitable fortheprinted media,processing. Notmuchofficial research hasbeenperformed in Internet 3Dapplication, artpresentation andvisualization onall this area(6). currently widespread screens.


According to complexity and the network tendency of the Command and Control(C2) topology,we made Abstraction and formalized description for the entities and their relationships in the C2 system based on the complex network methodology,the graph theory and the set theory.The model of complex networks of C2 system was established,and the statistical characteristics of the structure model were studied.Our works offer a quantitatively description for the C2 topology when studied based on complex network theory,which can be taken as a reference for further studies.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the incidence of anatomic variations of the temporal bone to provide valuable reference for clinical otology. METHODS Sev-enty six healthy adults (152 ears) and 66 patients(96 ears) with chronic suppurative otitis media confirmed by clinical examination underwent axial and coronal High-resolution Computed Tomography(HRCT) scan. The incidence of high jugular bulb, dehiscent jugu-lar bulb, anterior location of sigmoid sinus, low-lying middle cranial fossa, dehiscent tegmen tympani, mas-toid antrum dysplasia, aberrant internal carotid artery, and large sinus tympani were recorded. RESULTS In normal, abnormal, well and poorly pneumatized groups, the incidence of highly positioned jugular bulb on the right was higher than that on the left. The total inci-dence of high jugular bulb on the left and right was 26.2 % and 46.0 % respectively. The incidence of ante-rior location of sigmoid sinus in the abnormal group (32.3 %) was higher than that in normal group(15.8 %), which was higher in poorly pneumatized group(43.5 %) than that in well pneumatized group(11.3 %). The inci-dence of dehiscent tegmen tympani in well pneuma-tized group(18.0 %) was higher than that in poor pneu-matized group(8.7 %). There was no significant differ-ence in dehiscent jugular bulb, low-lying middle cranial fossa, mastoid antrum dysplasia, aberrant internal ca-rotid artery, and large sinus tympani between the left and right within and among groups. The incidence of these varia-tions was 2.0 %,21.8 %,1.2 %,0.4 %,0.8 %respectively. CONCLUSION HRCT can show ana-tomic variances of temporal bone clearly before opera-tion and has great clinical value for reducing the inci-dence of complications caused by middle ear operation.


This study examined attitude strength in the context of the 2004 U.S. presidential election. Surveys of 299 undergraduates assessed attitudes and attitude strength constructs toward Bush/Kerry. The results suggest that (a) attitude strength constructs, especially importance and value-relevance, predict political behavior, (b) indicators of attitude strength may represent two underlying factors, and (c) attitude strength moderates the attitude-candidate choice relationship. Additional results offered some support for the validity of two new attitude strength constructs: higher order attitudes (participants' attitudes about their attitudes) and polarization of candidate attitudes (the absolute value of the difference in attitudes toward Bush and Kerry).


Tumor angiogenesis promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we use automated sequential microprinting of tumor and endothelial cells in extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds to study its mechanical aspects. Quantitative reflection microscopy shows that tumor spheroids induce radial orientation of the surrounding collagen fiber network up to a distance of five times their radius. Across a panel of ∼ 20 different human tumor cell lines, remote collagen orientation is correlated with local tumor cell migration behavior. Tumor induced collagen orientation requires contractility but is remarkably resistant to depletion of collagen-binding integrins. Microvascular endothelial cells undergo directional migration towards tumor spheroids once they are within the tumor-oriented collagen fiber network. Laser ablation experiments indicate that an intact physical connection of the oriented network with the tumor spheroid is required for mechanical sensing by the endothelial cells. Together our findings show that remote physical manipulation of the ECM network by the tumor steers angiogenesis. our a remote mechanical cue to steer angiogenesis. remote tumor-mediated collagen network orientation. We show that tumor spheroids reorient a surrounding collagen-based ECM network up to five times their radius. In a panel of cell lines the distance of collagen orientation correlates with spheroid expansion which is mainly caused by tumor invasion/migration. Such long range collagen reorganization has also been observed for mouse fibroblast explants


Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse epidemiology and clinical course of paediatric inflammatory multi-system syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) in the Czech Republic. Methods: We performed a retrospective-prospective nationwide observational study based on patients hospital-ised with PIMS-TS according to World Health Organization definition and who were admitted to a hospital in the Czech Republic between November 1st, 2020, and May 31st, 2021. The anonymised data of patients (demographic and clinical data) were obtained from their medical records. Some of the data from the above-mentioned study period were compared with the results of a smaller set of patients from the next pandemic wave. The second nationwide observation period followed from June 1st, 2021, to March 31st, 2022. This period was characterized by prevailing delta and subsequently omicron variants. Results: Between November 1st, 2020 and May 31st, 2021, the total number of diagnosed patients with PIMS-TS in the Czech Republic was 207. The overall incidence was 1:10,100 of the paediatric population aged 0–19 years;and 1:1,127 out of all children who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, respectively. During follow-up, only two patients (1.2%) had persistent coronary artery dilation, all patients had normal cardiac function. Between June 1st, 2021 and March 31st, 2022, PIMS-TS was diagnosed in additional 222 children. Whereas PIMS-TS was frequent during the prevailing delta variant, the predominating omicron variant led to its decline to one fourth in relation to numbers of those tested positively for SARS-CoV-2. The total number of children affected by PIMS-TS reached 429, with no reported fatalities. Conclusion: Above expectation outcome with no death could be explained by awareness campaigns and national guidelines with early use of combined immunosuppressive treatment. © 2022, Czech Medical Association J.E. Purkyne. All rights reserved.


A trophometric index (TMI) is proposed to estimate fish density, biomass and production in Mediterranean reservoirs. It consists of simple and integrated environmental variables such as the form index (IF = S/V ), the volume percentage of water with sufficient oxygen to sustain fish life, conductivity, chlorophyll a concentration and perimeter, the synergic effect of which explains the fish structure and accounts for the functioning of the ecosystems. This index was tested in eight reservoirs in the Guadalquivir River basin, showing a good fit with a potential model for fish density and a linear model for fish biomass and production (P   0.8). The TMI is a valuable tool for evaluating fishery production in Mediterranean reservoirs and allows these to be classified by type for better management and evaluation in the framework of the European Water Directive.


Modern Communication Principles,a systematic required course,plays an important role for the future research and working.During the construction of classic course and the teaching reformation,the teaching group has adopted a set of improving methods with the aeronautics and astronautics features in teaching materials,teaching measures,and applications.On the basis of traditional teaching,modern multimedia strategies and in class experiments and simulations are applied as well.Practice shows that these processes enhance the quality of teaching and attain satisfied teaching effects.


Based on questionnaire survey data of 263 farmer specialized cooperatives in Yunnan province,this paper uses the method of T test and one-way ANOVA for empirical research on the effect of demographic traits on the Farmers' Satisfaction. The empirical results show that: ⑴Demographic variables are important variables that affect the farmers' satisfaction of specialized forestry cooperative organization,and there are some differences in the effect of the demographic variables on the various dimensions of satisfaction. ⑵Age is significantly positively-correlated with democratic management satisfaction. ⑶Compared with the Organizational leadership,professional large family and village cadres,farmers' satisfaction is lowest in both democracy satisfaction,service satisfaction and distribution satisfaction. ⑷The time of joining in the cooperatives is negatively positively-correlated with service satisfaction,and positively-correlated with distribution satisfaction.


REFERENCES 1. Taher AT, Cappellini MD, Bou-Fakhredin R, Coriu D, Musallam KM. Hypercoagulability and vascular disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2018;32:237-245. 2. Taher AT, Weatherall DJ, Cappellini MD. Thalassaemia. Lancet. 2018; 391:155-167. 3. Musallam KM, Rivella S, Vichinsky E, Rachmilewitz EA. Non-transfusion-dependent thalassemias. Haematologica. 2013;98:833-844. 4. Taher AT, Musallam KM, Saliba AN, Graziadei G, Cappellini MD. Hemoglobin level and morbidity in non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2015;55:108-109. 5. Taher AT, Musallam KM, Karimi M, et al. Overview on practices in thalassemia intermedia management aiming for lowering complication rates across a region of endemicity: the OPTIMAL CARE study. Blood. 2010; 115:1886-1892. 6. Taher AT, Musallam KM, Karimi M, et al. Splenectomy and thrombosis: the case of thalassemia intermedia. J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8:2152-2158. 7. Musallam KM, Cappellini MD, Daar S, et al. Serum ferritin level and morbidity risk in transfusion-independent patients with beta-thalassemia intermedia: the ORIENT study. Haematologica. 2014;99:e218-e221. 8. Taher AT, Musallam KM, El-Beshlawy A, et al. Age-related complications in treatment-naive patients with thalassaemia intermedia. Br J Haematol. 2010;150:486-489. 9. Taher AT, Cappellini MD. How I manage medical complications of beta-thalassemia in adults. Blood. 2018;132:1781-1791.


On the basis of combing out the documental data,this article makes a deep probe into the post station,post road and its corvwee in Qinghai in Ming Dynasty,and holds that the post station of the Qing Dynasty only developed the post station of the Ming Dynasty.


A near-ideal, all-dielectric, reflection polarizer is described that employs selective totally destructive interference for the p polarization and constructive interference for the s polarization in a buried low-index (BLIND) film embedded in a high-index substrate near (within 10 degree(s) of) grazing incidence. A specific design is presented of an infrared polarizer that uses a film of refractive index 1.35 embedded in a Ge substrate of refractive index 4.1. Such a polarizer has a throughput for the s polarization of 92% and 99%, when operated at incidence angles of 80 degree(s) and 85 degree(s), respectively.


of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Exercise and Sport Sciences RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COLLEGIATE TRACK RUNNERS' ACHIEVEMENT GOAL ORIENTATIONS AND PERCEPTIONS OF MOTIVATIONAL CLIMATE By Sean P. McManus December 2004 Chair: John R. Todorovich Major Department: Health Education and Behavior The purpose of this study was to investigate the achievement goal orientations and perceptions of motivational climate exhibited by intercollegiate athletes competing in track's two running disciplines—sprinting and distance running—and then to examine the relationship between the athletes' goal orientations and perceptions of motivational climate. Previous research in motivation in sport failed to make the distinction between these two different event groups within the sport of track. This failure to recognize track as being composed of two distinctly different event groups may have confounded the results of studies utilizing track athletes in examinations of motivation in sport across age, gender, time of season, and other variables. Data collection relied upon two questionnaires, the Task and Ego in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ). From these, sprinters and distance runners were assigned group means for task


The application of new learning technologies in medical education has escalated in recent years. Simulation is currently utilised globally for teaching, learning and assessment across all healthcare disciplines.


We used the OP-FTIR system organized by ourselves to monitor the methane concentration continuously,retrieved the concentration from the measured spectrum.Sample analysis of the experiment results is given in this paper.This experiment indicates that this system to monitor the trace element concentration has steady performance.The system does not have to contact the object gas when it is used.The experiment results can response the pollution information of measured region in time.So this system can satisfy the need of monitoring gas pollution in industry.


Crystal field theory has provided detailed insight into the structure, spectroscopic, and magnetic properties of transition-metal coordination complexes since its inception. The empirical genesis of the spectrochemical series, which identifies strong p-acceptor ligands as strong-field ligands, is understood on the basis of molecular orbital theory. Cyanide is deeply entrenched as being a strong-field ligand, as revealed by low-spin ground states for its homoleptic complexes: for example, [M(CN)6] n (n = 2, 3, 4) and [M(CN)5] 3 (M = Co, Ni). Furthermore, they do not violate the 18e rule by exceeding 18 electrons about the metal center M. The only high-spin example is the unusual 13e S = 5/2 complex [Mn(CN)4] 2 , which being tetrahedral has a substantially reduced crystal-field stabilization energy, D, of =9 the value expected for the 17e S = 1/2 complex [Mn(CN)6] 4 . As part of our ongoing studies toward molecule-based magnets, we sought to prepare Prussian blue structured magnets based upon [Cr(CN)6] 4 for comparison with those derived from [Cr(CN)6] 3 , which magnetically order at temperatures as high as 100 8C (approximately). K4[Cr (CN)6] has been prepared from aqueous media, but owing to the lability of the d Cr state, excess cyanide is required in solution. Despite undergoing a Jahn–Teller distortion, 16e K4[Cr (CN)6] is low-spin S = 1. Owing to the need for excess cyanide, aqueous routes to Prussian blue structured materials would be unproductive, so we sought a nonaqueous source of [Cr(CN)6] 4 and targeted (NEt4)4[Cr(CN)6]. The reaction of either Cr II 2 (OAc)4 [6] or [Cr(MeCN)4(BF4)2] [7] with as much as a twofold excess of NEt4CN in MeCN led to dark purple block crystals of composition (NEt4)3[Cr (CN)5]·MeCN· =8 THF (1). In the solid state 1 exhibits a broad nC N absorption at 2086 cm 1 (half-width at half height: 9.2 cm , see Figure 1). This is comparable to 2080 cm 1 reported for [Co(CN)5] 3 , but differs from the absorptions at 2095(m), 2111(vs), and 2123 cm 1 (vs) reported for [Ni(CN)5] 3 , and is higher in energy than the broad nC N absorption at 2020 cm 1 observed for K4[Cr (CN)6]. [10] The electronic spectrum (5000– 30000 cm ) of a solution of (NEt4)3[Cr (CN)5] (1.30 mm) in MeCN comprises an absorption at 22 120 cm 1 (l = 452 nm, e = 122m 1 cm ; Figure 1). However, 1 does not obey Beer s


Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between the conventional method and the clinical history method for intraocular lens power calculation for cataract surgery in eyes with previous photorefractive keratectomy in the absence of pre-PRK data. Methods: The medical records of 38 eyes in 23 patients who had been treated with PRK for myopia and were followed up for more than 1 year were reviewed. The IOL powers by conventional method using post-PRK keratometric value and by clinical history method were compared. Results: The mean values of IOL powers by conventional method, and by clinical history method were +20.58 +/- 1.10D (range, +16.37~+22.80D) and +21.06 +/- 0.85D (range, +18.85~+22.8D), respectively. The following equation describes the regular relationship between the two methods: IOLCHM (clinical history method)= 0.683*IOLCM (conventional method) +7.005 (r=0.878, p


Mathur explains how he "unselected" nearly 200 works for this exhibition of unconventional publications by international artists and authors, recognizing the influence of Ulises Carrion's article "The New Art of Making Books." The author reflects upon the roles of language and poetics, the distinction between book and text, and how politics and power affect the making and reception of these works. 2 bibl. ref.


The present study aimed to assess the presence of RSI / WRMSD (repetitive strain injuries / work-related musculoskeletal disorders) among employees of the general services of the Dom Bosco Campus of the Federal University of Sao Joao del-Rei. This is an original study, with a cross-sectional design, in which the sample consisted of 24 employees, who were submitted to the application of an anamnesis form, postural assessment and specific clinical and orthopedic tests. The data were analyzed using the GrhamPrism 5.0 program, considering the significance level of 5%. The results showed that there is a high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders among the employees evaluated. The most common postural changes were: protrusions and inclinations of the head, shoulder elevations, elevated and winged scapulae, thoracic hyperkyphosis, thoracic rectification, lumbar hyperlordosis, scoliosis, valgus knees, varus and recurvatum and calcaneus in valgus. Thus, it is inferred that the high incidence of postural changes may be related to the activity performed by the server, as well as the posture that he adopts when performing such activities. This fact points to the need for therapeutic and preventive interventions that aim to minimize and prevent such damages in this population


In the initial alignment process, if there is a disturbance of rocking and swaying, the angular velocity and acceleration output from the gyroscope and accelerometer can not effectively reflect the reality, and the precise initial attitude matrix can not be obtained. In this paper, the sloshing error is weakened by the acceleration of gravity, and the effectiveness of the algorithm based on the acceleration of gravity is verified by comparing the alignment tests. It has certain engineering value in the swaying base.


With the development of artificial intelligence algorithm, the combination of intelligent algorithm and directed graph has become an important tool of current path planning. The application of the intelligent algorithm affects the optimal path planning in the directed graph, including the length of the optimal path and the time of the operation of the algorithm. The following studies are carried out through this paper based on the application of intelligent algorithm in directed graph. In the experimental environment of MATLAB, the coordinates of 30 target points are generated by random numbers. The ant colony algorithm and genetic algorithm are used to make the optimal path planning for the 30 target points, and the starting point and the end point are fixed to form a directed and closed graph. The parameters of the two algorithms are adjusted accordingly. Comparison of the two algorithms of the optimal path diagram and the algorithm running time, so as to draw the conclusion of the optimal algorithm.


J. Hunyadi, MD. M. Morvay, MD, Prof. A. Dobozy, MD, Department of Dermatology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, PO Box 480, H–6701 Szeged (Hungary) Sir, We read with great interest the paper by Gandolfo et al. [1] published in your journal. We fully agree with the authors that their findings of normal erythrocytic urodecarboxylase (UD) activity in patients with familial porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) and the recently published analogous cases [2] contradict the currently widely accepted view, which strictly separates the sporadic form of PCT from the familial form on the basis of the UD deficiency [4]. Held et al. [3] pointed out this contradiction too on the basis of their finding that in 5 out of 32 PCT patients without a positive family history of PCT the UD activity was approximately half the normal level. Further, symptom-free persons with a significantly decreased UD activity are also known. These cases lead us to another conception which predicts polygenic heredity for the disease and supposes that the sporadic and familial forms of PCT are the two end-poles of one and the same disease, which differ from each other only with regard to the severity of the genetic defect [5]. Polygenic heredity is characterized by genetic defects which, together with environmental factors, are responsible for the disease. The genetic background involves several genes and the alteration of a certain number of this set of genes (limit point of genetic determination) results in the genetic determination of the disease. The main characteristics of polygenic heredity were described by Carter [6]. In our investigations of the role of genetic and hepatotoxic factors in the development of PCT in 51 patients we have found that the rules of polygenetic heredity fit this disease well [5]. The present findings 76 Letters to the Editor


This study analyses Russian society's responses to the April 1912 Lena Goldfields Massacre. Previous commentaries focused solely on workers' and socialists' reactions to the tragedy. Archival evidence, newspapers and memoirs utilised here indicate that the entire socio political spectrum condemned the government and the entrepreneurs. A pre‐existing society‐wide consensus argued that labourers deserved a better lot. This finding criticises the predominant social fragmentation interpretation of pre‐1914 Russian society, which forecasts a Bolshevik‐style revolution. The new analysis suggests inter‐social accommodation as a potential solution to the Empire's dilemmas, with the First World War and 1917 crises as the ultimately negative determining factors.


The region is undergoing profound and rapid population changes. In 2017, an estimated 572 million persons aged 60 years or older lived in the Asia-Pacific region, accounting for 60% of the world's older population. The number is predicted to increase to 1.3 billion in 2050, which means that one out of four persons in the region will be aged 60 years or above. Population ageing affects sustainable development in all its dimensions. Addressing population ageing is aligned with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development particularly in ending poverty, ensuring healthy lives and promote well-being, achieving gender equality, and promoting sustained and inclusive economic growth. Countries have to prepare early with adequate social policies and financial resources to address the challenges of population ageing. Traditionally, families support their ageing parents, both financially and by providing care. However, with smaller families, there will be fewer family members in working age to shoulder this responsibility. In this context, mobilizing resources to finance social protection programmes are imperative to provide security of income and well-being during old age. There is increasing political will to provide social protection to older persons, reflected by an increasing number of countries providing social pensions.2 However, in many cases, policies focus on some aspects of population ageing only.


The features of rural networks are considered in the paper. Technologies for voltage regulation are proposed to ensure power quality. The block diagram of the neural network voltage regulation system is presented. The results of experimental studies of physical modeling of a power distribution network with the use of neural network regulation are given.


This article studies the political determinants of agricultural policies in twelve Western countries based on new estimates of support of farmers during the period from 1920 to 1975. In continental Europe, the rapid growth of agricultural support after 1955 was driven by the combination of the rapid decline in the size of agriculture, the relative agricultural comparative disadvantage, and the high frequency of coalition governments that resulted from the proportional electoral systems. During the interwar period, agricultural support depended on the presence of authoritarian regimes and economic downturns in the 1920s and 1930s induced politicians to increase support.


This paper expatiated the hydraulic systems leakage phenomenon of Bayi Cool mill,analyzed the reasons of hydraulic cylinders leakage.According to the respective specialties of positivea and negative bending roll,rigidity pipeline tie-in,changing roller and quick coupling,etc,put forward the resolvent and amlieration ways of preventing hydraulic cylinders leakage problem,by this way it will decreases the failure Rate.


The empirical model provided by the IEEE1584-2018 guide interpolates intermediate values of the average arc current, incident energy, and arc-flash boundary to determine final results, corrected by factors for enclosure size and arc current variation. Various kinds of software exist to assess the risk of arc flash complying with this model. It becomes relevant to have a physical understanding of the phenomenon, examining singularly the various parameters that affect it, such as the arc-fault current, the arc flash in the air or in the enclosure, electrode gap, and the box size. At this aim, the article proposes a simplified method to calculate the arc-fault currents, the incident energy, and arc-flash boundary, assuming as reference test the IEEE 1584 results. At first, it deals with a normalized analysis of the arc-fault currents in reference to the maximum power transfer condition. This analysis highlights the basic influence of the power factor on the fault current behavior and allows to identify an operational value of the arc resistance. In the power systems of low voltage ac ≤600 V, this article proposes a tentative criterion to evaluate the incident energy, the arc-flash boundary, and to select the adequate PPE(Personal Protective Equipment). The parameters suggested by the simplified model are identified and verified, assuming as a reference of the arc-fault current calculation with the IEEE guide. The numerical results on case studies, obtained with the proposed model, are completely consistent with the results obtained with the IEEE1584-2018 guide.


Tychonema was separated from Oscillatora and established as a new genus in 1988 by setting Tychonema tenue as the type species.This new genus was accepted and currently considered to include three species as T.tenue,T.bornetii and T.bourrellyi.T.bornetii was described from the Tibet Plateau,but no reports on type species and its related taxa of Tychonema were from China.The present study reported the occurrence of a Tychonema species from the Erhai Lake,and this species was morphologically identified as T.bouurrellyi based on its planktonic habit,trichome color and cellular content structure etc.Cultivated strains were also isolated,and comparative analyses on the sequences of 16S rDNA also confirmed that the T.bouurrellyi strain was tightly grouped with the strains of T.bouurrellyi/T.tenue.This is the first report on occurrence of T.bouurrellyi from outside of Europe,and T.bouurrellyi is also a newly recorded species in China.Such a result demonstrated that T.bouurrellyi can distribute extending from cold waters in North Europe to the warm waters in subtropical regions.It is interesting to coincide the occurrence of T.bouurrellyi with slightly eutrophicated waters since Lake Erhai has been regarded as an early phase of eutrophicated lake.The taxonomic problem and revision of the Tychonema genus was discussed in this study.


A taxonomic investigation of the diatom previously known as Synedra tabulata var. obtusa (Pantocsek) Hustedt shows that it differs from Tabularia fasciculata and that it should be transferred to the genus Catacombas Williams & Round. The ecology of the species is discussed.


The spent coffee ground has potential compounds applied in food and bioenergy. In this study, an integrated extraction to separate chemical compounds from the spent coffee ground was designed. Furthermore, the extraction apparatus was combined for percolation, distillation, and Soxhlet extraction. The distillation technique produces flavored coffee, Soxhlet extraction separates coffee oil; while percolation produces the coffee extract. Analysis of coffee aroma using distillation techniques obtained alpha furfuryl alcohol (52.16%), methyl pyrazine (15.63%), and 2.6-dimethyl paradiazine (9.62%). Analysis of coffee extract using the percolation technique obtained antioxidant compounds with IC50 (56.61 µg/mL), polyphenols (1.25 mg/g), caffeine (7.88%), chlorogenic acid (1.25%), and tannins (21.22%). Analysis of coffee oil using the Soxhlet extraction technique obtained methyl ester compounds that have the potential for biodiesel such as linoleic acid methyl ester (39.90%), palmitic acid methyl ester (34.30%), oleic acid methyl ester (8.74%), and stearic acid methyl ester (8.66%). The integrated extraction has successfully separated many chemical components from spent coffee ground dan it has added value to be applied in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and bioenergy.


Problem: To find out appropriate marketing strategies for Iraniandry-fruit company to enter the Swedish market.Purpose: To find out an optimal entry mode for "Nature's PowerAB" to follow while ente ...


This article sets out to investigate the ideological assumptions underlying the pedagogical proposal of inclusive education, and does so by analyzing an article published in the Nova Escola journal in September 2003. The data collected from a review of the literature was interpreted in the light of standard Marxist philosophy. It was seen that the inclusive ideal takes on an idealistic and fetishized perspective, which con?rms the Escola Nova trends in educational practice, without however, breaking with capitalist society. So in compensation a revolutionary practice is defended, conducive to the full development of people with or without disabilities, using the contradictorily humanizing characteristics brought about by the inclusive movement itself as a basis. The paper contributes to critical and philosophical studies in the ?eld of teacher formation and Marxism.


Abstract Age-0 Atlantic croakers Micropogonias undulatus overwinter in Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) estuaries, where interannual variability in year-class strength is pronounced. Previous researchers have hypothesized that this variability is the result of cold-induced winter mortality of age-0 Atlantic croakers within estuarine nurseries. We tested this hypothesis by means of laboratory experiments designed to (1) estimate the effects of winter severity and duration on the probability of survival of age-0 fish, (2) determine the relationship between body size and cold tolerance, and (3) examine the effects of temperature decline rate and salinity on susceptibility to low-temperature mortality. Age-0 Atlantic croakers (15–65 mm standard length, SL) were collected from Delaware Bay during October, acclimated to 8°C in the laboratory, and then cooled (1.0°C/d) to treatment levels of 1, 3, 5, or 7°C that were designed to simulate varying levels of winter severity in MAB estuaries. Survival ranged from 0% at 1°C ...


ABSTRACT In both developed and developing countries, the fourth industrial revolution has brought serious concerns about human development. Although the fourth industrial revolution has the propensity to enhance human well-being in sustainable and innovative ways, nearly half of Africa's work is vulnerable to innovations of the digital wave. The study examined the impact of human development on fourth industrial revolution in sub-Saharan African countries, using time series data spanning from 2003 to 2019. Data was analysed using fully modified ordinary least (FMOLS) technique. The findings of the study revealed that human development has a positive but insignificant influence on the fourth industrial revolution. The article promotes awareness of the steps necessary to speed up the development of a relevant, requisite and competitive workforce for industry 4.0.


The present study was evaluated antimicrobial and antioxidant effect of different concentration of garlic extracts on shelf-life of paneer for storage period of 15 days under refrigeration condition (4oC±1). The antimicrobial activity of garlic extracts were evaluated against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aerugenosa using disc diffusion method and agar well diffusion method while its antioxidant property was evaluated based on its phenolic content (mg catecol equivalent/100 gm). The paneer cuts into cubes were dipped in different concentrations of garlic extract (25%, 50% and 75% as T1, T2 and T3, respectively) and evaluated against control. The samples were subjected to sensory evaluation when fresh and 5 days interval during 15 days storage periods. The sample were analysed for pH, TBARS, tyrosine and microbial analysis during storage. Paneer sample treated with 50% garlic extracts remained sound without changes its sensory qualities and microbiologically safe upto 10 days under refrigeration condition.


The invention discloses a method for producing ammonium bifluoride by recovering a fluorine resource from fluorine-containing silicon slag. The method comprises the following steps of: dissolving fluorine-containing silicon slag and an ammonium fluoride solution, cooling an obtained ammonium fluosilicate solution, introducing gas ammonia, and precipitating white carbon black out; filtering and washing to obtain a white carbon black solid and an ammonium fluoride solution; introducing anhydrous hydrogen fluoride into the ammonium fluoride solution, uniformly mixing the anhydrous hydrogen fluoride with the ammonium fluoride solution, and fully reacting till the pH of the solution is 2-4 to obtain an ammonium hydrogen fluoride of which the mass concentration is 21-37 percent; mixing with a crystallized ammonium hydrogen fluoride mother solution, and performing triple-effect evaporation and concentration till the mass concentration of the ammonium hydrogen fluoride is 60-80 percent; feeding into a crystallizer, and cooling and crystallizing for 3-7 hours to obtain an ammonium hydrogen fluoride solid-liquid mixture; and separating to obtain an ammonium bifluoride product and an ammonium bifluoride mother solution. The method has the advantages of low using amount of fluorine hydride, high concentration of ammonium bifluoride, low energy consumption in a concentrating process, low production cost, easiness and convenience for operating, and easiness for realizing industrialization.


Optical tweezers using an attractive or a repulsive force from a highly focused laser beam to physically hold and move microscopic objects provid e a very useful tool for biomedical research [1-3]. It has been widely used to trap cel ls, molecules, viruses and bacteria for measuring the visco-elastic properties of biopolyme rs, characterising molecular-scale biological motors, studying locomotion and mechanic l action within a cell, observing the forces and dynamics of nanoscale motors at the sing le-molecule level [1-3]. Despite the widespread application of optical tweezers, the ins trument of optical tweezers is still based on a bulky transmitted microscopy system. Such a syste m does not have the movement flexibility and is significantly limited for in vivo applications especially for manipulating at cells or molecules of inner organs. In addition, op tical tweezers has to employ a high numerical aperture (NA) microscope objective to gen erate a tight focused beam for obtaining a high electric field gradient to induce a large tr apping force. Such a high NA objective is bulky and has a limited working distance, which pla ces a hurdle for 3D trapping using at human or live animals. Optical endoscopy with the u s of a small detection probe together with a thin optical fibre enables in vivo imaging and measurement [4]. Here, we report on 3D  trapping of nano bio-markers by our handheld nonlin ear endoscope (Fig. 1). The optical nonlinear endoscope has shown high trapping force i n large-volume 3D trapping through two-photon absorption.


With the mining and resources industries often experiencing pressures that result in redundancies, reviewing how best to deal with redundancy is a worthwhile exercise for people working in these industries.


In this article, I aim to provide a unified explanation of place assimilation patterns observed in Korean and English, encapsulating the basic insight of AGREE into what happens in those languages. I intend to revise McCarthy(2004)'s analysis by adopting different constraints without additional stipulations. I propose that the OT grammar replace the function of AGREE with that of a few otherwise independently-motivated markedness constraints. In particular, I regard the place assimilation phenomenon as opaque and propose to introduce PREC into the analysis of the assimilation. The only patterning difference between those two languages will be explained to be due to the different rankings of the constraints, especially in connection with a single faithfulness constraint. It will turn out that the place assimilation patterns of both Korean and English will be nicely explained with the revised evaluation procedure I propose in this article, enhancing the economy and effectiveness of our grammar.


ACN Exadata is a working team in charge of the database administration of Banc Sabadell. The author has focused on a part of the service that consists of managing a series of simple requests of changes on the databases. The main objective has been automating the process of management of these requests, focusing on the most technical part. The author has fulfilled the objective creating an online application that seeks efficiency and simplicity.


The use of writing as a pedagogical tool to help students learn mathematics is receiving increased attention at the college level (Meier & Rishel, 1998), and the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM, 2000) built a strong case for including writing in school mathematics, suggesting that writing enhances students' mathematical thinking. Yet, classroom experience indicates that not all students are able to write well about mathematics. This study examines the writing of a two groups of students in a college-level calculus class in order to identify criteria that discriminate ";successful" vs. ";unsuccessful" writers in mathematics. Results indicate that ";successful" writers are more likely than ";unsuccessful" writers to use appropriate mathematical language, build a context for their writing, use a variety of examples for elaboration, include multiple modes of representation (algebraic, graphical, numeric) for their ideas, use appropriate mathematical notation, and address all topics specified in the assignment. These six criteria result in The Mathematics Writer's Checklist, and methods for its use as an instructional and assessment tool in the mathematics classroom are discussed.


Why is the German foundations model different from the U.S. model? Does it have to do with the long and surprisingly unbroken history of foundations in Germany or rather with differences in the role of the state? Whatever the answer, this has enormous repercussions on what foundations may achieve in helping to shape public debates. Using Hirschman's model of loyalty, voice, and exit, and a definition of foundations based on seven different functions, the article explores the history of foundations in Germany and assesses their public role, both as contributors of arguments and policy papers, and as objects of public debate. It describes the amazing revival the concept of philanthropy has encountered over the last 15 years, and discusses whether this is due to long-term political convictions or rather to short-term political needs. Using examples taken from the 19-super-th and 20-super-th centuries, the article highlights a number of aspects that serve to illustrate the theoretical dilemma as to whether and to what extent highly hierarchical organisms may legitimately exist in an open heterarchical society.


TODAY MARKS THE 10TH ANNIVERSARY OF WHAT MAY be the most influential event in the history of nanotechnology. On Oct. 9, 1996, Robert F. Curl Jr., Harold Kroto, and Richard E. Smalley won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of fullerenes. It's not the buckyball's remarkable properties or some grand validation of nanoscience that makes the occasion momentous. Instead, the Nobel Prize became a watershed for nanotechnology because Rick Smalley was one of the three brilliant scientists who stood on a stage in Stockholm that December to claim it. ...


Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors are treatment options for women with breast cancer and evidence on the risk of stroke is important in choosing between these two options. A systematic review of two randomized controlled trials and their nine related trial reports showed different methods for adverse event reporting and inconsistent estimates of stroke risk. In an observational cohort study of 5443 Ontario women, aged 66 years or older with early stage breast cancer, 86 ischemic stroke events (1.6%) occurred during follow-up of 5 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of stroke between the hormone therapy groups [adjusted HR for tamoxifen compared to AI 1.330 (0.810, 2.179)]. Results were similar across cardiovascular disease risk groups and were robust to different follow up periods and analytic methods. This study suggests that there is no significant difference in stroke between these


~ of our people. No one used ng a book: he learned from ver re:rd instructions on how Led by watching his school .e toys have been traditional han a hundre:1 years. Many I current. )f Kansas has been collecting lsans. The job of organill;ing Ishman honorary scholarship Carol Huff, of Dellvale, Kan 'S on "Homemade Toys from xchers College from Norton asas. that she sort out the toy in , files, rewrite the directions )ossible way, compose "intro xrious sections, and see that ne even contributed some in lrself, and drew some illust latter of fact. is probably the hman now in existence who at home! Homemade Toys From Kansas


Though always more exposed than many other countries to the vicissitudes of international competition, Australia seems to have become increasingly vulnerable to the pressures accompanying global restructuring. This much is evident in the pattern of foreign debt, the balance of payments and trade, and fluctuations in our exchange rate. Media paranoia over the day-to-day pegormance of macro-indicators obscures, however, the pressures global restructuring has brought against the integrity and efficacy of our major institutions Not only have there been serious questions raised about the usefulness of the centralised arbitration system in the context of global restructuring, the Australian labour movement itself faces an uncertain future. Notwithstanding the claimed virtues of an enterprise-based labour relations system, there are good reasons to suppose that a decentralised system would have its own problems in accommodating rapid economic change. In this respect, the search for an American-style decentralised institutional regime may be ill-advised; more useful may be an enhanced capacity to adjust within the current framework of Australian labour relations.


We use an overlapping generations model with endogenous avoidance and rich tax detail to quantitatively analyze two major issues in the design of a wealth tax for the United States: the provision of exclusions for certain housing and business equity, and the range of government expenditure options allowed for by additional revenues. First, we find that while the provision of an exclusion for owner-occupied housing results in quantitatively insignificant macroeconomic and budgetary effects, the provision of an exclusion for privately-held noncorporate business equity results in a shift of productive activity towards that sector and undermines the revenueraising potential of the tax. Second, we find that the macroeconomic effects of a given wealth tax regime can vary from contractionary to expansionary depending on the type of expenditures that are assumed to be financed by the additional revenues. JEL Codes: E62, H26, H27


Abstract The aim of the article is to examine the impact of progressive personal income tax rates and the effectiveness of this tax as an automatic economic stabilizer. The assessment of automatic stabilizers is based on the estimates of tax cyclical components. The study shows that the output elasticity of PIT is higher than one, which means that the analysed tax acts relatively efficiently as an automatic stabilizer. However, it was also observed that the tax progressivity is not the main reason of the effectiveness of a progressive PIT as an automatic stabilizer. The study shows that changes in progressive rates of PIT, contrary to widespread opinions, have little effect on the effectiveness of passive fiscal policy. Personal income tax acts as automatic stabilizer mostly due not to the progressive tax rates, but because of the sensitivity of employment to GDP fluctuations.


Ultrasound tissue characterization (UTC) is used in research and clinical practice to quantify tendon structure of the patellar tendon. This is the first study to investigate the inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability for UTC of the patellar tendon on a large scale.


Two Housing Commission officials in suits, one carrying a shovel, stride over the area subsequently developed as the Horace Petty Estate. In the background, to the SW, can be seen the roof of Read's Store on the corner of Chapel Street and Commercial Road


A power generation system (10) includes a first turbine system (11). The first turbine system (11) comprises a first compressor section (12) having at least two stages. The two stages comprise a low pressure compressor (14) fluidly coupled to a first high-pressure compressor (16), which is adapted to deliver a first portion of compressed oxidant and a second portion of compressed oxidant. A first combustion chamber (22) is adapted to burn the first portion of compressed oxidant and a fuel containing carbon-based first fuel stream and to produce a first hot combustion gas (31). The first turbine system (11) further includes a first expansion section (18) having an inlet for receiving said first hot combustion gas (31) which generates a first CO A first high pressure expansion machine (20) is fluidly coupled to a first low-pressure expansion machine (22) which is adapted to generate a first exhaust (52) and electrical energy. A CO The power generation system (10) includes ...


This thesis cross-reads the dynamics of language standardisation in early modern England and colonial India by interrogating the rhetoric of reform in the two periods within a comparative framework. Specifically, it maps the presence of English early modernity in the works of British reformers of Hindustani/Hindi in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century India, and revisits congruent themes in the language of reform in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England, to foreground the ways in which the rhetoric of standardisation stages and manages anxieties of national/imperial self-fashioning at two distinct yet connected moments.

To frame the comparative idiom of the British Empire, I track multivalent engagements with 'Rome' in early modern England and British India, which seek to fashion imperial character in negotiation with salutary or cautionary imperial models: Britain's Roman past; early English colonial reconnaissance; ideals of political conduct; and British political behaviour in the colony and the metropole. I then map the affinities projected between English and Hindustani in John Gilchrist's first Hindustani grammars in late eighteenth-century India, and annotate them with the contexts for William Bullokar's first grammar of English in late sixteenth-century England. Reading them as promotional works, I note the way they valorise the vernaculars hitherto neglected by traditional paradigms and involve them in fledgling visions of a progressive British Empire and a cosmopolitan English nation. Comparing the dilemmas shared by lexicographers in the two periods as they aim to make new words available to their respective target readerships and to moderate the lexical influx from inter-cultural traffic, I then trace the attitude of selective cosmopolitanism that assuages anxieties of infiltration by 'others' of foreign origin, class, or gender. Finally, I attend to the invention of literary tradition by exploring the analogies with early modern English literary culture that contour George Grierson's literary history for modern Hindi. Comparing the shapes of the tussle between literary prescriptions and practice in colonial India and early modern England, I read Hariaudh's modern Hindi epic Priyapravas and Samuel Daniel's Defense of Ryme as symmetrical assertions of poetic as well as nationalist autonomy.

My thesis approaches early modern language standardisation as a cultural problematic, and treats its discourse as an occasion for self-fashioning with respect to significant others as well as a repository of effects beyond its own moment. Motivated by a reflection on the divisive aspects of contemporary public discourse that recruit history selectively to assert insular identities for languages and its communities, it underscores that the modern standard identities of Hindi and English took inaugural shape in a comparative, chaotic, and contingent nexus of texts and events. Examining the rhetoric from early modern England and colonial India in the mirror of one another throws into relief that (a) the past had variable uses and involuntary echoes in the invention narratives of linguistic modernity; and (b) stories of standard and national modernity themselves had a transnational provenance as they were articulated through calibrated comparisons that served practical as well as political functions.


The initial-boundary value problem for the acoustic equation with data on a timelike surface is considered in this paper. Such a problem arises, for example, if it is required to determine the acoustic pressure inside the region from a fixed response to part of the boundary from the source involved at the same boundary. It is assumed that the medium is at rest up to a certain instant of time and the parameters of the medium, for example, acoustic density, are known. The problem is considered in a triangular domain. The advisability of this was shown in the second half of the last century in the works of Romanov V.G. (for example, [1]), where it was proved that the solution to the direct problem of acoustic is representable as the sum of a singular and a continuous terms. The author has written out the form of the singular part, investigated the problem in an integral statement, and also proved conditional well-posedness theorems for three cases: for a small parameter of the domain, for small data, and for the source representability of the sought solution. It is known that the initial-boundary value problem for the acoustic equation with data on a timelike surface is ill-posed. In this paper, the original ill-posed problem is reduced to an inverse problem with respect to some direct (well-posed) problem. The theorem is proved and a stability estimate of the generalized solution to the direct problem is obtained.


Dysmenorrhea isa symptomof pelvic painassociated withthe menstrualcycle[1,2,3]. From theallopathic medicine, the therapeutic approachistwo caindsaccording to theetiology, Primary: occurs mainlyfrommenarcheand corresponds to amainly physiologicalcause, Secondary: Occurs when pelvic abnormalitiesare diagnosed.Being pelvic endometriosisthe main pathologyassociated.[1,2] FromTraditional Chinese Medicine, dysmenorrhea is a symptom thatcorresponds to anorganic manifestation ofan alteration in theproperenergy flow in thechannels ofLiver,RenMaiand /orChongMai,which the mainresponsible forthe physiologyof menstruation, where insufficiencyand VIII Enfoque Terapéutico de la Dismenorrea desde la Medicina Tradicional China stagnationofQiand Bloodin theLiverchanneland theChongMaichannel aremostlyinvolved[12]. Acupuncturecanrestoreproperenergyflowinthe affected channels, generating a decrease inpain intensityinprimary dysmenorrheaimproving the qualityof life ofpatientsand decreasingthe requirement forpain medication tocontrolassociated symptoms[10].


The aim of this article is to examine how Goguryeo declining period and revival movement is described in Korean History textbooks of high school. It is viewed as an international relationship in east Asia and the process of unification of the three kingdoms in Korean History Curriculum. This is a major view of the history at that time. However, there is a limit that the internal situation of Goguryeo can be handled carelessly.
This is actually confirmed in the textbook description The background of the Yeon Gaesomun's coup is described as an external policy conflict among political groups, and political operation in the declining period briefly mentions the relationship between Goguryeo and Silla. Also, the long-term and structural aspects of Goguryeo''s collapse are not described. The description of the revival movement needs to reflect recent research results that the revival movement was widely in progress on most parts of the Goguryeo's old territory. Many errors and misunderstandings have been found in the textbook descriptions and maps. In order to write a better textbook, I present related research trend and several ideas.


The article examines the role of new media in the process of information and communication support in the field of culture and art. The author considers it in many aspects, analyzing both the general trends in the development of the institute of information support, and determining the advantages and disadvantages of support with specific media forms using the example of the Tavrida-Art project. The article identifies the most promising directions for the development of the Institute of information and communication support for projects. The key features of working with different audience groups are presented in the example of the Tavrida-Art project, the role of new media resources is characterized, and the general principles of the project's communication strategy are developed.


The authors summarize the approaches through which LIF can be performed in posterior, transforaminal, anterior, and lateral approaches by open surgery or minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Of course, each technique shows advantages and disadvantages. Posterior LIF is the most familiar procedure, which offers good fusion rates and low complication rates. Iatrogenic injuries to the neural structures and paraspinal muscles are its most important disadvantages. MIS transforaminal LIF reduces these iatrogenic injuries. Anterior LIF (ALIF) can restore the disk height and sagittal alignment but with risks of visceral and vascular complications. Lateral LIF and oblique LIF are performed using the MIS technique and have shown postoperative outcomes like ALIF; however, these approaches carry a risk of injury to psoas, lumbar plexus, and vascular structures.


The production of cellulolytic enzymes by Trichoderma harzianum in submerged culture with banana leaf, banana stem and banana rhizome as substrates was studied. Effects of some factors, such as substrate concentration, pH, temperature and incubation time were reported. Optimal cellulase secretion by Trichoderma harzianum was using banana leaf produce high amount of enzyme when compare to stem and rhizome The production of cellulases by Trichoderma harzianum in submerged fermentation was investigated CMC served as a powerful inducer that enhance the cellulases yield where glucose repressed cellulase activates of incubation time 9 th day (0.45 IU/ml), pH 4 (0.61 IU/ml), Temperature 45°C (0.40 IU/ml) and substrate concentration 3 % (0.76 IU/ml) respectively. Using low – cost agro industrial waste for production of cellulose in submerged fermentation would help to reduce the cost of enzyme production and expand the application field of cellulose. The crude enzyme when purified may serve the importance of this enzyme in both refining and deinking of recycled papers.


Abstract Physical training, a component of the sports training aims, besides the development of morphological and functional indexes of the body and mastering a rich system of motor skills and capabilities, the development and improvement of the basic motor qualities at high performance parameters. Most motor activities require the endowment of athletes with possibilities to make intensive efforts in a very short period of time. Therefore, the issue that is focusing on the study of this field is very important for achieving the targeted performance.


The fossils described in the following pages were collected by Mr. James L. Begg, The Elms, Mount Vernon, Glasgow, fromthe Poolvash Limestone, Balladoole, Isle of Man. The fauna of these limestones, according to Dr. Wheelton Hind, indicates an upper Dibunophyllum age. The most recent and most complete list of Carboniferous Limestone fossils from the south of the I.O.M. is that published by Mr. John Smith, and compiled from the Survey list, from Dr. Hinde's list, and from Cuming's list, as well as from Mr. Smith's own collection.


Bullying is an act of hurting others who are weaker, both physically hurt, words, or feelings. Bullying has agreat opportunity to be imitated because of this negative behavior is mostly done by students. Bullying behavior is not only done by male students but also do by female students. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in bullying behavior in terms of gender. The hypothesis that there are differences in bullying behavior between male and female students. Subjects in this study amounted to 151 people who are students in grade VIII nd IX SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta. The sampling technique used in this research is the cluster random sampling. Methods of data collection approach with bullying behavior scale. Data analysis is done by sample t-test analysis using SPSS 1,742, significance (p) of 0, 084 (p>0,05) which means there is no difference in bullying behavior tendency between male and female.


Cyclic combustion variations have been demonstrated to exist in a direct injection Diesel engine to a surprisingly large extent. With the aid of an on-line computer engine-test facility statistical...


This paper introduces a new approach to the empirical testing of the Lucas-Sargent-Wallace (LSW) "policy ineffectiveness proposition," which compares the LSW hypothesis with an alternative that states that prices respond fully in the long run, but only gradually in the short run, to nominal aggregate demand disturbances. The empirical equations, estimated for a new set of quarterly data extending back to 1890, exhibit uniformly high responses of real output and low responses of price changes to anticipated changes in nominal GNP. The paper compares and tests three alternative methods of introducing "persistence effects" into the LSW framework.


Deep-sea hydrothermal vents, as a highly specific deep-sea environment, are of great importance for studying microorganisms in extreme environments. Hydrothermal vents have significantly different physicochemical factors during active and inactive periods, which in turn influence the structure of the microbial communities that inhabit them. Here, we describe the characteristics of the main physicochemical factors at hydrothermal vents during the active and inactive phases and summarise the community composition and characteristics of bacteria, fungi and viruses inhabiting the vents during the different periods, explaining the evolution and changes in the structure of the inhabiting microbial communities during these physical and chemical changes, revealing the mechanisms and significance of microbial adaptation to hydrothermal environments in extreme environments, which is important for studying the early life activities on Earth. It is important to study the early life activities of the Earth and explore the potential industrial enzyme resources.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the ecocentric goal of education and policies on sustainable environmental protection in South Africa.
Methodology: The study design was a mixture of descriptive and philosophical approaches. Purposive sampling was used to select the documents analyzed and officials interviewed, while the citizens were snowballed.
Findings: The study found out that the implementation of the ecocentric goal of education and policies has been ineffective.
Conclusion: The study concluded that awareness, values, attitudes, skills, on sustainable environmental protection should be supported by prior knowledge.
Recommendation: The study recommended applicable alternative strategies to supplement for effective implementation of the ecocentric goal of education and policies towards sustainable environmental protection in light of Environmental Citizenship: a theory that explains citizenry practices that reflect environmental ethics and responsibility in view of values, attitudes and skills for sustainable environmental protection.


We consider asynchronous communication over discrete memoryless channels. The transmitter starts sending one block codeword of length N at an instant that is uniformly distributed within a certain time period A, which represents the level of asynchronism between the transmitter and the receiver. The receiver, by means of a sequential decoder, must isolate the message without knowing when the codeword transmission starts but being cognizant of the asynchronism level. Motivated by certain monitoring type of applications, we are interested in communication strategies that 1) operate with short codeword length with respect to the asynchronism level and 2) that guarantee quick decoding. In a recent work the authors showed that the communication rate - defined with respect to the decoder's reaction delay to the sent message - can be strictly positive unless A grows faster than lscrNa and alpha exceeding the synchronization threshold. The present work focuses on the regime where a is smaller than the synchronization threshold. The main contribution consists of simple expressions that give upper and lower bounds on the highest achievable rate for any alpha below the synchronization threshold. For random code constructions these bounds are tight.


We present a wafer-level fabrication method for triboelectric energy harvester (TEH), which fabricates the TEH completely in batch fabrication process, without any manually assembly step. Finite element method (FEM) simulation was conducted to investigate the open-circuit potential distribution and short-circuit charge distribution. Experimental measurements show that this device can produce 235 mV peak voltage at the frequency of 30 Hz, under the 100 MΩ external resistance. Compared with previous TEHs, the proposed device can be batch fabricated in CMOS-compatible process and the reduced size allows it to be easily integrated with other electronic devices (e.g., keyboards).