Marxist Sudan People's Liberation Movement become more open to church bodies, which sometimes played a mediating role in resolving profound ethnic splits between the southern tribes (even in an 'intra-Nuer civil war'). The Bible comes to be used to suggest a common heritage for the different ethnicities of the South in the biblical Kingdom of Cush. The fifth focus is the savage conflict internal to South Sudan (primarily between the Nuer and Dinka) after the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 with the North, a conflict that persisted until 2018. While showing the inability of a pan-Christian solidarity to conquer ethnic division, this conflict saw religious thinking still used to differentiate between 'us and them' and between good and evil. The author well achieves his relatively restrained aims of illuminating an evolving trajectory; the book is logically constructed, free of glitches, and contains much interesting material on the origins of the world's newest state. Perhaps more background might have enabled claims to be more roundly evaluated—for example, levels of education and literacy rates might show that the Bible was effectively the only possible source of common images, symbols, myths, narratives, and paradigms; in that case, how remarkable is it that it is used to make sense of events or predicaments? Likewise, some more background of the various strands of Christianity (even broad categories like Catholic, mainline Protestant, Evangelical) might have shed light on the particular biblical and theological motifs used. Related to this, what confidence can we have in the statistics for religious adherence? (172) Further, in South Sudan, what other institutions existed that might have played a role in organising the census in 2008, the elections in 2010, and the referendum in 2011? This reviewer's more serious quibbles bear mainly on the significance of the study. Above all, how representative should we consider examples to be, especially when cited from only one source? And if the citations are from printed sources, by definition, they must stem from the élite. How significant is that? (This reviewer would need more discussion before judging claims for the gendered nature of the struggle.) More importantly, what effect did the biblical/theological conceptualising have and how might this be assessed? Nevertheless, despite such quibbles, the book is a valuable addition to studies on the politics of South Sudan and the role of religion in nonWestern public life.


This paper investigates the structural fire response of steel beam‐supporting column transfer structures. Two three‐story (Case 1) and seven‐story (Case 2) structures with different span lengths are designed first to withstand gravity and seismic loads. All the structural members are also designed to meet their required fire resistance ratings based on the ISO834 fire. The structural vulnerability is then evaluated under two fire scenarios: the natural fire as a uniform and the traveling fire as a nonuniform temperature distribution inside the structures. The fire loads are applied to the first story of the structures where the structural irregularity is evident. The natural fires are determined based on Eurocode 1 and based on different opening ratios of 0.04, 0.067, 0.08, 0.12, and 0.16 to provide different duration of the heating phase. The results indicate that under the uniform fire scenarios, Case 1 collapses after 134 min under the opening ratio of 0.04. As well, Case 2 collapses under the opening ratios of 0.04, 0.67, and 0.08 at 95, 142, and 160 min, respectively. The results also show that under the nonuniform fire with a size of 25%; Case 1 collapses at 89 min, and Case 2 collapses at 93 min. Although it is believed that the cases studied should logically remain stable under possible fire scenario, the results indicate that this is not a true presumption. The results of this study provide beneficial information about structural fire response of beam‐supporting column transfer structures as an important structural irregularity.


In the spectrum sections of its "Proposed Changes" to the Review of the European Union Regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications Networks and Services, the European Commission establishes a coherent, comprehensive and original set of forward-looking spectrum policy principles. By emphasising the role of trading and market flexibility, technology and service neutrality, it departs from traditional,administrative spectrum management principles. But by stressing the need for a clear justification of exclusive usage rights, it differentiates itself from market-fits all propositions. Three issues should be examined to understand what kind of evolutions could occur: the prevention of interferences, harmonisation and standardisation, and lastly the weight of institutions. Technical progress in wireless, culminating in extended dynamic access, will mostly complement market mechanisms in fostering the efficient use of spectrum, as long as institutional factors do not interfere (barriers to entry) or are removed.


An event is a piece of information for providing details about the state change of the processes of a software system and controls system behavior. Event-Driven Architecture (EDA) is a software architecture for promoting the production, detection, consumption, and reaction to events. Events in EDA trigger autonomous human or automated processing. EDA complements Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) by employing events triggering services. EDA approach adds value to the enterprise by injecting value-added information. Some games are based on strategies for teaching system behavior by using processes, events and architectures. However, such games lack pedagogical strategies for teaching event functionality from EDA, which is necessary to the system behavior. We propose a game for teaching event functionality and the elements included in EDA by using a pre-conceptual schema (PS). Such schema is a computational modeling tool for representing a domain. PS includes structures for representing events, processes, and their relationships. We use such structures as pedagogical strategies, because the PS is a training and learning tool used in software engineering processes from academy and industry. The game is focused on teaching students and professionals in software system areas about functionality of events in EDA.


An Industrial-Power-Converter-System (IPCS) is a system made up of several power converters, such as Adjustable Speed Drives (ASDs), filters, and reactive power-compensation components. An IPCS requires the ability to accurately detect and isolate electric faults to avoid further compromising the integrity of the system. A rather common type of electric fault is the line-to-ground fault. It can occur either from a phase line to ground or from a winding to ground. Due to the complexity and asymmetry of IPCSs, reliably detecting cable line-to-ground faults is a formidable task. In this paper, challenges and solutions to such challenges are discussed. In [1], advantages of using current signature over voltage signature are discussed. In this paper, a reliable line-to-ground fault detection method based on identifying current signature uniquely linked to the occurrence of the fault is presented. The selected signature greatly reduces nuisance tripping. Furthermore, a simple but powerful method to set a threshold for the selected signature is introduced.


PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to determine if specific variables in a theorized socio-ecological model are associated with returning for post-operative care after dental treatment under general anesthesia.

METHODS
A 26 item cross-sectional survey assessing socio-ecological variables of 100 families of patients receiving dental treatment under general anesthesia was conducted. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were used to investigate associations between returning for post-operative care with child, family, clinic and environmental variables described in the proposed socio-ecological model.

RESULTS
Forty-seven percent of patients returned for post-operative care. Children without a dental home had lower odds of returning than children referred from a continuous source of care. Children with an ASA II/III classification had lower odds of returning for post-operative care than children who were ASA I.

CONCLUSIONS
One child level and one environmental level variable in the theorized socio-ecological model had an impact on whether patients returned for post-operative care after dental treatment under general anesthesia. Further investigation of socio-ecological variables influencing dental health behaviors is needed.


In 1924 The International School of Geneva was founded to cater for the families of the diplomats and officials working in the headquarters of the League of Nations. Since then, and with much greater speed since 1947, schools have been set up in many of the famous towns and cities throughout the world for the children of parents who, for one reason or another, spend some part of their working lives in foreign countries. The children who attend these schools come from very varied backgrounds, tend to move even during the later years of their schooling and have an almost undefined variety of plans for their future education or professional training.


Although the major components of various organs of sea buckthorn have been identified (particularly phenolic compounds), biological properties of many of these phytochemicals still remain poorly characterized. In this study, we focused on the chemical composition and biological activity of preparations that were obtained from sea buckthorn twigs and leaves. The objective was to investigate cytotoxicity of these preparations against human fibroblast line HFF-1, using MTT reduction assay, their anti- or pro-oxidant activities against the effects of a biological oxidant -H2O2/Fe—on human plasma lipids and proteins in vitro (using TBARS and carbonyl groups as the markers of oxidative stress). Antimicrobial activity of the tested preparations against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), as well as against fungi (Candida albicans, C. glabrata) by the EUCAST-approved broth microdilution method, followed by growth on solid media, were also assessed. Our analysis showed significant differences in chemical composition and biological properties of the tested preparations (A–F). All tested preparations from sea buckthorn twigs (D–F) and one preparation from sea buckthorn leaves (preparation C) may be a new source of phenolic antioxidants for pharmacological and cosmetic applications.


Background and Aim: Preventive behaviors are one of the most important strategies to combat COVID-19. COVID-19 anxiety, COVID-19 exposure levels, and risk perception are predictor variables of preventive behaviors. But it is still unclear whether, one year after the outbreak of COVID-19 in Iran, these variables still play an important role in predicting preventive behaviors, and if so, what level of these variables and to what extent they predict COVID-19 preventive behaviors. The purpose of this study is to answer these questions. Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational study. The researcher-made questionnaire of demographic data, preventive behaviors questionnaire, risk perception and anxiety of COVID-19 was administered by 184 male students and staff working in a military medical university in Tehran, Iran. All questionnaires were distribute


For multi-user multi-band networks, a zero-sum game between the users and the jammer is considered. In the formulation of the game, the rewards of the users are modeled with various parameters including communication rate, hopping cost, and jamming loss. It is analytically shown that for any symmetric collision avoidance protocol, a staying-threshold frequency hopping and a sweeping attack establish an equilibrium. We also propose two kinds of collision avoidance protocols to ensure that at most one user communicates in a band, and provide various numerical results that show the effect of the reward parameters and collision avoidance protocols on the optimal threshold of the staying-threshold frequency hopping and the expected rewards of the users.


BILATmAL IxDCRVICAL VAGOTOMY is an established method for the experimental production of pulmonary hyaline membranes. This experimental model has been used in an attempt to determine the pathophysiologic mechanisms operating in the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn. In his studies on pulmonary edema, Frey1 showed that sectioning of the recurrent laryngeal nerves in the rabbit produced the same changes as vagotomy, only much more slowly. If, however, the esophagus was ligated in addition to the cutting of recurrent nerves, the pulmonary changes appeared as rapidly as in vagotomized aals. Previous experiments in this laboratory on the pulmonary effects of bilateral vagotomy in adult and newborn rabbits 2 and studies in newborn rats-3 have indicated that aspiration may be a significant pathogenetic factor. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the pulmonary effects of esophageal dysfunction in an attempt to gain more insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in vagotomy-induced hyaline membrane formation.


The purpose of this study is to study the relationships among medical care quality, patients' satisfaction and patient's follow-up behavior intention. The patients of Army Force Hospital in southern Taiwan are selected as samples for this study. Three factors, medical procedure, medical facility and patient security of medical care quality, are applied to explore the relationship among medical care quality, patient's satisfaction and patients' follow-up behavior intention. The differences among population statistics, expectation of service performance and feeling of service performance are also investigated. The result shows that the expectation of service performance for the whole medical care service quality is higher than the perceptive feeling of service quality. Soldier population has higher satisfactory than that of general regular population in both medical procedure and medical facility. The rate of follow-up intention in low education population is higher than that of high education population. The follow-up intention of male population is higher than that of female population. The follow-up intention of and military population is higher than that of general population. The first visit patients have higher rate of follow-up intention than regular patients. The rate of satisfied patients with high satisfaction that will recommend their family to their same hospital is higher in low education group than high education one. In medical process aspects, the satisfactory rate of patients recommending their family to the same hospital is higher than non-recommending group. The high satisfaction group has higher rate of follow-up intention than that of low satisfaction group.


A new electrochemical biosensor was developed for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and huperzine-A (hupA) detection based on Pd wormlike nanochains/graphitic carbon nitride (Pd WLNCs/g-C3N4) nanocomposites and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The morphologies and components of the nanocomposites were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Pd WLNCs/g-C3N4 nanocomposites could effectively immobilize enzymes and promote the signal amplification. Under the optimum condition, the proposed biosensor displayed well performance. The linear response ranges for the determination of OPs and hupA were 1.00 nM to 14.96 µM and 3.89 nM to 20.80 µM, respectively. The corresponding detection limits were 0.33 nM and 1.30 nM (S/N=3). Meanwhile, the biosensor owned good reproducibility and stability, and could also be applied to analyze practical samples, which would be a new hopeful method for pesticide analysis.


Bar magnets and iron filings are used to simulate atomic nuclei and illustrate the difference in the degree of localization of electron density of bonding and non-bonding pairs.


Training translation talents should be based on the market demands of the translation profession.In the light of such a notion,a questionnaire survey is conducted in 10 translation enterprises in Chinese mainland to explore the present situation and market demands of translation employees,including the percentage between full-time and part-time employees,their academic qualifications and education background,mastery of skills and techniques required for specific positions,as well as market demands of translation employees in ten years.Based on the analysis of the data,a market-oriented translation talent training scheme is suggested,with which it is proposed that:1) the present translation talent training system be perfected with the establishment of professional doctor degree of translation interpreting studies;2) translation talent training at different academic levels be oriented towards appropriate market demands;3) the teaching syllabus be modified in accordance with the requirements and demands of the translation talents in the translation profession.


Gastritis is experienced by many Indonesians ranging from adolescence to old age. In Bone District in 2018 there were 20,792 cases and 60 deaths. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of gastritis at Puskesmas Biru in Bone Regency in 2019. This type of research is observational analytic using cross-sectional study design. The Population in this research were visitors to the general clinic of Puskesmas Biru during January – August 2019 with total of minimum sample is 235 people by using the sampling technique was accidental sampling. Research was held in Puskesmas Biru from October to November 2019. Data were analyzed univariate and bivariate using chi square test. The results of the study showed that the number of respondents suffering from gastritis was 79 people (33.6%). Chi square test results showed that the type of food (p=0.001), stress (p=0,000), and NSAIDs consumption (p=0,000) were factors associated with gastritis. While the frequency of eating (p=0.053), coffee consumption (p=0.787), and smoking habits (p=0.319) were not factors associated with the occurrence of gastritis. There is a relationship between the type of food, stress, and NSAIDs consumption with the occurrence of gastritis at Puskesmas Biru in Bone Regency in 2019. Suggestions for the people to adopt a healthy lifestyle in order to avoid gastritis and to the next researcher to be able to develop research related to gastritis so that references related to the causal relationship of this disease can develop.


We designed and synthesized a tricoordinate borane oxygen atom and carbazole embedded (Ph‐OBNA) moiety. Ph‐OBNA exhibited a narrowband MR‐TADF and their aggregated properties were comparatively studied with a well‐known TADF (DMAC‐DPS) emitter. Interestingly, DMAC‐DPS exhibited a reduced exciton concentration quenching owing to its AIE behavior, unlike Ph‐OBNA. Finally, we applied those materials to harvest the highly efficient organic light‐emitting diode via hyper fluorescence device strategy, resulting in an efficient narrow‐band deep blue emission compared with that of conventional fluorescence emitters.


The importance of workload on staff performance has been widely acknowledged, but opinions are divided as to what level of workload is desirable for optimum staff performance. Previously, researchers have attempted to demonstrate the impact of workload on the individual staff, organisation and the consumer. However, gaps and uncertainties in the literature also confirm the need for further investigation of the perceived workload levels of staff, the factors influencing workload levels and the contextual relationship between workload and staff performance. A quantitative descriptive survey was undertaken to elicit the perceived workload levels of health workers in the Donkorkrom Presbyterian Hospital, Ghana, and how it is perceived to impact on staff performance. One hundred clinical and non-clinical staff were selected for the study. The study found that workload level of health workers was perceived as moderate (2.91 ± 0.541 on a five-point Likert scale). However, nurses/midwives were perceived to have t...


The purposes of this study were to find out the degree of formation of the concept of density for the junior high students. The changing pattern of concept in acquiring the concept of density and the degree of development of INRC transformation ability related to the concept of density were also analyzed according to cognitive level and teaching method. The results of this study were as follows. 1) The experimental group were more effective than control group in the formation of the concept of density. 2) Even though students had been taught the concept of density, the various types of preconception were remained and persisted. Especially, the students at concrete level had persisted misconceptions and these misconceptions had been changed to the other misconceptions. 3) In the degree of the formation of the transformation ability of INRC group related to the concept of density in solid phase, the experimental group developed much better on both the abilities of Reciprocal transformation, Correlative transformation and the abilities to manipulate two variables such as volume and mass than control group. 4) The correlation coefficient between GALT score and achivement of the concept of density was 0.67. The correlation coefficient between achivement of the concept of density and the formation the transformation of INRC group related to the concept of density was 0.78.


: The purpose of the current attitudinal study is to investigate the attitudes and opinions of language teachers toward the implemented ELT program resulted from the Fundamental Reform Document of Education in the Iranian Ministry of Education. Three items were investigated: Teacher's Practice, Teacher Training Courses, and Materials. Following the rigorous and systematic procedure, the quantitative approach was applied and the 5-Likert scale with 30 items was used so as to determine the issues mentioned before. First the items were extracted based on the FRDOE and, thereafter, the primary questionnaire was developed and after ensuring of its validity and reliability the final version was obtained. Then, after ensuring its practicality, the questionnaire was distributed among 240 language teachers. The results showed that the ELT based on the new program had inconsistency in a number of respects with policies approved by the policy-makers. The findings showed that the lack of agency of the language teachers is the main reason for the failure of the new program and it is recommended that language teachers' contribution should be taken into account before-, while- and after administrating and implementing the new program in ELT program in the future.


The invention discloses a surface stress reliving device for an excavation face of an underground cavern. The surface stress reliving device comprises an outer shell, a stress reliving cutting mechanism, a multi-path strain measuring device, a measuring control unit, and a three-component rectangular strain rosette arranged on a working wall surface, wherein the stress reliving cutting mechanism is arranged in the outer shell and is respectively connected with the multi-path strain measuring device and the measuring control unit, the multi-path strain measuring device is connected with the three-component rectangular strain rosette through a connecting lead wire so as to record change of strain on a working face in a stress releasing process of the stress reliving cutting mechanism on a rock wall, and is connected with a main control box through a communication cable, and the measuring control unit is connected with a computer through a power cable. The surface stress reliving device, provided by the invention, is reasonable in design, the outer shell adopts a hand-held box-type structure, and is small in size, light in weight, and simple and easy to assemble and disassemble, and the surface stress reliving device has the characteristics of convenience for carry in the field, good adaptability and the like.


Measuring document similarity has shown its fundamental utilization in various text mining application problems. This paper propose a new method based on classification algorithms for measuring the similarity between two texts. Specifically, a sentence-term matrix that describes the frequency of terms that occur in a collection of sentences was created to measure the classification accuracy of two texts. Our idea is based on the fact that similar texts are difficult to distinguish from each other, which should lead to a low classification accuracy between similar texts. By making comparative experiments on several widely used document similarity measures, analysis results with real data from the Machine Learning Repository at the University of California, Irvine demonstrate that the proposed method is able to achieve outperformed the other existing similarity measures across the entire range of term selection filters.


According to the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), the global urbanization rate is expected to reach 68% in 30 years from 55% in 2018. As global urbanization progresses, the proportion of total energy consumption consumed in buildings is increasing, and efficient energy management in buildings is becoming increasingly important in terms of efficient use of global natural resources and air quality management. This paper presents an implementation detail of the energy consumption prediction deep learning model for efficient building energy management. The developed model is multilayer LSTM seq2seq model which predicts energy consumption for one day by using environmental data and energy consumption data measured in a real testbed. In a multi-zone building, one zone of data is used, which is characterized by the fact that data patterns over time are not neatly repeated. This paper presents deep learning depth and performance changes as adding layers of seq2seq model in building energy consumption forecasting. In addition, it presents performance comparison with other algorithms.


Type 1 diabetes is an immune mediated disease resulting from selective destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The involvement of T lymphocytes and immune mediators including cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis and β-cell destruction of type 1 diabetes has been described in previous studies. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) has some clinical features of type 2 diabetes but shows similar immunological abnormalities as type 1 diabetes such as positivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA). So far, it is not well understood why disease progression in patients with LADA is slower than in patients with type 1 diabetes despite immunological similarities and whether cellular immune response or systemic immune status is related to diabetes forms and β-cell function. The aims of this thesis were 1) to compare systemic concentrations of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and T cell responses between patients with type 1, type 2 diabetes and LADA, 2) to investigate the association of systemic concentrations of adipokines with pancreatic β-cell function and acute food consumption in patients with type 1 diabetes, 3) to standardize T cell assays for measurement of autoreactivity in patients with type 1 diabetes and 4) to compare of cryopreservation methods on T cell responses to islet and control antigens from type 1 diabetes patients and controls. In the studies presented in this thesis we found that patients with type 2 diabetes showed increased systemic concentrations of cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules compared to patients with LADA and type 1 diabetes and healthy control subjects. Patients with LADA and type 1 showed similar concentrations of systemic concentrations of immune mediators and pro-inflammatory IFN-γ and anti-inflammatory IL-13 T cell reactivity upon islet and recall antigen stimulation. Circulating concentrations of immune mediators in control subjects were lower than in patients. Higher systemic concentrations in all patients with diabetes were positively correlated with increased body mass index (BMI). Despite associations of immune mediators with anthropometric parameters, differences between all groups persisted after adjustments for BMI, age, sex, diabetes duration and blood pressure suggesting a diabetes-type associated immune dysregulation Furthermore, we detected positive associations between systemic concentrations of leptin and resistin and fasting and stimulated C-peptide levels, that serve as measure for β-cell function. In contrast, adiponectin showed negative association with β-cell function in patients with type 1 diabetes. These associations maintained also after adjustment for sex, age, BMI, A1c, blood glucose and diabetes duration. We observed that the acute ingestion of a high boost protein drink decreased slightly the circulating concentrations of leptin and resistin and increased blood glucose and C-peptide in patients with type 1 diabetes. In collaboration with the T-Cell Workshop Committee of the Immunology of Diabetes Society (IDS) we used a tetramer-based assay to measure T cell reactivity. All participating centres could detect T cell responses to auto-antigens and positive control antigen. Dual analysis by tetramer and ELISPOT assays was frequently discordant suggesting that these assays detect different cell populations. Moreover, we could show that PBMCs frozen with the freezing protocol using cold medium had higher recovery and viability than with freezing method using room temperature medium and that B-cells and CD8+ T cells were enriched and monocyte fraction reduced. We found that the islet antigen-reactive responses were lower in frozen than fresh cells. However, these results need to take into account that the overall response to islet antigens was low in some assays. In conclusion, results of this thesis indicate that patients with LADA and type 1 diabetes from the cohort investigated are immunologically similar, despite their different rate of islet destruction and disease progression towards insulin deficiency. Type 1 diabetes and LADA patients could not be distinguished by systemic concentrations of immune mediators and T cell responses measured in our study. As expected, patients with type 2 diabetes had increased systemic concentrations of cytokines, adhesion molecules and chemokines. Furthermore, our results suggest that not only cytokines, chemokines or adhesion molecules but also adipokines might have a putative role in type 1 diabetes and β-cell function. In spite of variation of results and difficulties of validation of T cell assays and development of appropriate freezing method of PBMCs we encourage to continue to search for validated T cell assays and continue developing reliable freezing protocols as standardized assay as both are considered necessary to monitor disease activity during natural disease progression and immune intervention trials aiming to halt islet destruction.


Entanglement dynamics of two identical non-interacting atoms (qubits) coupled individually with simultaneous classical and quantum fields are studied. The cavity field is filled with a nonlinear Kerr medium and initially prepared in a coherent state. The atoms are initially set up as a Bell-like pure state (BS). We present an approach for diagonalization of time-dependent nonlinear Hamiltonian of the system exactly. Connection between the change in the degree of entanglement and tomography of field state in phase space are also illustrated and interpreted. We demonstrate the possibility of atom–atom (qubit–qubit) entanglement optimization by suitably choosing initial interaction settings. Overall, we show that both classical driving amplitude and detuning as well as Kerr media and initial atomic states acts as the control parameters for the qubit–qubit entanglement. By adjusting of these parameters, accurately, entanglement can be enhanced noticeably and high degree of steady periodical entanglement can be generated. Moreover, starting with initial atomic BSs in presence of classical driving suppresses coherences randomness and considerably accompanied with (for specific values of detuning) slight decrease in their amplitudes. Furthermore, the addition of cross Kerr term suppresses degree of entanglement noticeably, where entanglement creation and enhancement could just be possible if cross Kerr effect is moved out from interaction. Our present approach promises the great advantage of being suitable for large quantum systems of various kinds of nonlinearities.


Alkaline rocks are worldwide observed as hosts for rare metal (Zr-REE-Nb) minerals. The classification of the ore bearing rock type is challenging due to the fact that textures and mineral assemblage are obscured by post-magmatic alteration. In addition, the alteration causes fine and intricate intergrowth of the ore minerals with associated gangue. Hence, intensive comminution is necessary to liberate the ore minerals, which is one parameter hampering the economical use of this deposit type. This study provides a quantitative mineralogical investigation of the ore bearing rock suite at Khalzan Buregtei as an example of rare metal deposits. R1-R2 multication parameters are shown to be highly appropriate as quantitative mineralogical indicators based on readily available major element datasets to visualize and quantify alteration types of the ore bearing rock suite. The ore minerals were found to be associated with a cluster-forming assemblage of post-magmatic phases. Automated mineralogy was applied to quantify the textural properties of the ore mineral clusters. This finding permits efficient pre-concentration of rare metal ore at coarser particle size fraction, requiring less energy consuming comminution.


Influence of length and amount of carbon fiber, water cement ratio, curing age and moulding technology on electrical resistivity of carbon fiber cement composite were discussed experimentally. Results indicate that the electrical resistivity of CFCC may decrease to 0.38 kΩ·cm with amount of carbon fiber added as low as 0.5% (mass ratio) while a rational water cement ratio and moulding technology are given.


Accuracy assessment is conducted to assess how well a classification method is. One of the land cover classification method for mixed pixel problem is Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis (LSMA). Error matrix is commonly used accuracy assessment of categorical data. But accuracy assessment for fraction map as result of LSMA processing is not really examined yet. LSMA method produces map fraction which contains land cover proportion. This experiment aims to examine the effect of sampling unit on land cover fraction map accuracy assessment result. 70 samples were taken using stratified random sampling. Geoeye 1 image is used as reference data corresponding to ground truth data. Accuracy assessment was performed in two scenario sampling unit which is single pixel area and a cluster of pixels area. The accuracy of LSMA model was influenced by position error between classified map and the reference data. Selection the right sampling unit is a one way to minimize the deviation caused by positional error corresponding reference data.


Abstract Turkey's energy demand has been increasing rapidly as a result of rapid urbanization and industrialization. The energy investment requirement will be US$130 billion by the year 2020. Electricity energy has a vital importance among the energy sector. In this study the current state of the electricity energy production and consumption of Turkey is investigated and the electricity energy consumption is forecasted by using genetic algorithm. The obtained results are compared with conventional regression analyses techniques, and the estimated values of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. The electricity demand in the year 2020 is estimated to be 315.02 billion kWh compared to the 189.52 billion kWh needed in the year 2007.


This article introduces integrated transmitter for 802.11bgn applications. The proposed integrated transmitter consists of power amplifier (PA) of two-stage monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) with broadband pre-distorter, band-pass Gm-C filter, distributed single-pole double-throw (SPDT) radio frequency (RF) switching and chip antenna. The PA design presents conversion gain of 20dB, the output 1-dB compression point (OP 1dB) of 20dBm and power added efficiency (PAE) more than 20%, respectively. The presented PA exhibits error vector magnitude (EVM) of 2.9% and adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of -25.6dBc. The implemented integrated transmitter using 0. 18um CMOS technology has experimental outdoor/ indoor throughput base on channels, distance and concurrently complies with the 802.11bgn requirement.


(1) Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Inland Waters, Greece (email@example.com / Phone: +3022910 76394 / Fax: +3022910 -76323), (2) Hydrocontrol Research and Training Center, Sardinia, Italy, (3) Hydrosciences, JRU5569, IRD-CNRS-University Montpellier2, France, (4) University of Evora, Portugal, (5) EAWAG, Department of Limnology, Switzerland, (6) Consejo Superior de Investigations Científicas, CEBAS, Murcia, Spain, (7) University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia, Bulgaria, (8) Consejo Superior de Investigations Científicas, ICTJA, Barcelona, Spain, (9) University of Hanover, Hanover, Germany


Price Fixing Prevention Act of 1989 - Provides that in any civil action alleging a contract, combination, or conspiracy to set, change, or maintain prices (other than a maximum price) under the Sherman Antitrust Act: (1) evidence that a person who sells a good or service to the claimant for resale received from a competitor a communication regarding price competition by the claimant and in response terminated the claimant as a buyer (or refused to supply such goods or services) shall be sufficient to raise the inference that such person and such competitor engaged in concerted action to set, change, or maintain prices in violation of such Act (in such case, a termination or refusal to supply is in response to a communication if such communication is a substantial contributing cause of such termination or refusal to supply); (2) the fact that the seller and the purchaser of a good or service entered into an agreement to set, change, or maintain prices shall be sufficient to constitute a violation of such Act; and (3) an agreement between the seller and the purchaser to terminate another purchaser as a dealer or to refuse to supply such other purchaser because of that purchaser's pricing policies shall constitute a violation of such Act, whether or not a specific price level is agreed upon. Provides that the provisions with respect to agreements to set, change, or maintain prices (other than a maximum price) shall apply to civil actions commenced before enactment of this Act.


The aim of this study is to highlight the records and knowledge of quilombola leaders in a perspective of education and interculturality. We set out to research two traditional communities, quilombo Batuva - Guaraqueçaba / PR and quilombo Buri - Pedrão / BA, from the narratives of their leaders, both educators. This is a research used oral history, employed semi-structured interview and was conducted at different times, November 2018 and January 2019 respectively. We argue that the educational processes of communities derive from collective bodily practices and unveil processes of affirmation of identity, (re) existence and safeguarding of culture. We weighed the respondents' accounts as evidence, which gave us possibilities to argue and translate in the present tense. Thus, we translate the educational actions in quilombola communities, based on the logic of interculturality. We understand culture and education as pillars that support the intersected dialogues. imaginário traz a figura da 'mãe preta' contando histórias para adormecer prole da Casa Grande. Quero rasurar essa imagem da 'mãe preta' contando história. nossa 'escrevivência' conta as nossas histórias a partir das nossas perspectivas, (...) seja particular


Silvopastoral systems present important opportunities for increasing food production from animals. This is justified by the widening gap between production and consumer requirements, and the inability of domestic supplies to meet the projected demand up to year 2020 for foods of animal origin. Increasing productivity from animals thus necessitates the development of all possible avenues of food production. In South East Asia alone, this concerns potential use for animal production of an estimated 210 million hectares of land under permanent tree crops and forests. The livestock-tree-soil interactions include animal draught power for land cultivation, effects of dung and urine on soil fertility and crop growth, conversion of crop residues and agro-industrial by-products to useful animal products, use of native vegetation and reduced cost of weed control, the beneficial effects of shade from trees on animal performance. Case studies are presented from Asia, Latin America and Africa which clearly demonstrate positive economic and ecological impacts. Areas for future research and development include characterization of livestockbased silvopastoral systems in target agro-ecological zones, compatibility and complementarity of different livestock – tree systems. Appropriate choice of livestock species, production systems and optimum age of trees for integration with livestock, effects of dung and urine on soil fertility and crop yields, efficient use of crop residues and agroindustrial by-products in situ and assessment of the nature, extent and implications of the interactions. Attention to these areas, together with increased resource use and institutional support, can lead to improved efficiency in the management of natural resources and increased productivity from the land.


AbstractThe following section are included:INTRODUCTIONReinventing the wheel is not always the best way to goWhat you're teaching and what a student learns are not necessarily the same thingYou can't launch a business on passion aloneIt's not the money! It's the F#&%ing moneyWhen you learn from others' successes, you also learn from their mistakesHARD WORKFor some entrepreneurs, an 80-hour week is a slow weekLaunching a business takes emotional and intestinal fortitudeEntrepreneurship requires patiencePrediction is very difficult, especially about the futurePLANNINGAnticipate the unexpectedDon't only plan for the bad times, plan for the good times as wellOne size does not fit allA good business is only as strong as its foundationMONEYFear of numbers is no excuseMind your own businessDon't bank on expressions of interest. The only real money is banked moneyCash rulesDon't be greedyPEOPLENo successful entrepreneur is an islandCompromise isn't a four-letter word (except where integrity is involved)Fear of others can prevent success through othersFind something to exchange, even when you have nothingYou don't need the dream team to start a dream businessREWARDS


The Nigerian Sector of the Chad Basin has been the major focus for hydrocarbon exploration due to the recent hydrocarbon discoveries in the adjacent blocks in Chad and Niger Republic in the Chad Basin. But so far no success could be achieved, the hydrocarbon potentials and petroleum system of the study area is not fully understood. In this study, organic geochemical analysis of samples from Fika and Gongila formation in Faltu-1 and Herwa-1 well have been carried out and the results were integrated into basin modeling in order to have a better understanding into the thermal and burial history and timing of hydrocarbon generation. The TOC for the studied samples show a low to moderate values of 0.25-1.72wt.% and moderate to good from 0.4-4.46wt.% in Faltu-1 and Herwa-1 well respectively, hydrocarbon potentials (S1+S2) are negligible in almost all the samples, but some good intervals are seen with values (2.45, 2.99, 3.62 and 6.61) mg/g. The HI values are within the range of 50-150 mgHC/gTOC which indicate the kerogen as mainly type III. The Vitrinite reflectance values VRr ranges from 0.631.15%VRr, suggesting that the studied samples are within the oil window which is in agreement with the pyrolysis Tmax values which ranges from 284-438°C. The modeling results suggest that the thermal and burial history of the studied wells have attained the hydrocarbon generation stage. In Herwa-1 well, the oil window fall within Fika and upper part of Gongila Formation in the early Cretaceous and Gas window in the lower part of Gongila and Bima Formation in the Late Cretaceous. However, in Faltu-1 well the Cretaceous sediments are seen within the oil window in Fika, Gongila and Bima, but the upper part of the Fika formation are within the immature stage while the lower part of Bima formation fall within the Gas window in the Late Cretaceous. This modeling result is in agreement with the organic geochemical analysis of the studied wells.


A process for the registration and for the reduction of postural gray value variations of image data sets of an object (18) in different first layers (SA1, SA2, ..., SAn) as respective first images (SP1, SP2, ..., SPn), and in at least a second layer (LA1) at least one of the first layers (SA1, SA2, ..., SAn) intersecting a respective second image (LP1) are incorporated, comprising the steps of: - registering the respective first images (SP1, SP2, ..., SPn) of the first layers (SA1, SA2, ..., SAn) relative to each other as well as with the at least one second image (LP1) of the at least one second layer (LA1 ) to associate the first images (SP1, SP2, ..., SPn) and at least a second imaging (LP1) of the object (18) to each other, and - Subsequent to the registration adjusting the gray values of the object (18) in the at least one second image (LP1) to the gray values of the object (18) in the first images (SP1, SP2, ..., SPn) on the basis of a reference-oriented approximation scheme, wherein the reference-oriented alignment scheme is the sectional area of the at least one first image (SP1, SP2, ..., SPn), particularly taken into account with the at least one second image (LP1), or limited to, wherein in each case the average of the gray values in the cross-sectional area of the respective first image (SP1, SP2, ..., SPn) is used with the at least one second image (LP1), in particular two-dimensional line or a three-dimensional cross-sectional volume for the reference-oriented alignment scheme, wherein when registering the respective first images (SP1, SP2, ..., SPn) to the respective second image (LP1) each having a line of intersection or an average volume in the corresponding first image (SP1, SP2, ..., SPn), and the second image (LP1) in question is calculated, along which the gray values respectively extracted and treated as an image, after which calculates a measure of comparison between the two images, the registration of each of the first images (SP1, SP2, ..., SPn) , is repeated with the respective at least one second image (LP1) if the measure of comparison satisfies a repetition criterion.


This paper introduces the construction and development of the higher vocational colleges in the five aspects of initial funds,establishment step,basic construction management,establishment evaluation and establishment result in combination with construction management reality,hoping that it may furnish reference for the higher vocational colleges establishment management.


Major depressive disorder (MOD) is a disease often underdiagnosed in adolescents. For adolescents in particular, MOD can have far-reaching implications on developmental, social and emotional functioning. Unfortunately, few guidelines detail consistent means by which to evaluate and treat these patients; significantly more information exists that solely pertains to the adult population. Governing bodies such as the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) and Resource for Advancing Children's Health (REACH) recommend that primary care physicians be diligent in their psychiatric analyses and follow-ups with young patients who may be experiencing MOD. Both psychotherapy and medications, either as monotherapy or in combination, should be considered when treating MOD. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRis), particularly fluoxetine, are considered the anti-depressants of choice despite their black box warning pertaining to increased suicidality in children and adolescents. In all cases, benefits of therapy should always be assessed alongside potential risks. Pharmacists can play a significant role in counseling patients on these potential risks and benefits for both the pharmacological and nonpharmacologic aspects of MOD treatment Introduction Major depressive disorder (MOD) is a debilitating disease that greatly affects adolescents, particularly when left untreated. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines adolescence as the growth period between childhood and adulthood when individuals are between the ages of 10 to 19.1 Major depressive disorder is common in this age group with 11.2 percent of American adolescents suffering from MOD or dysthymic disorder.2 Dysthymic disorder is a milder form of depression that occurs for at least two years (Table 1).3 The average length of a depressive episode ranges from two to eight months. The recurrence rate of MOD is anywhere from 20 to 60 percent one to two years after remission, but increases to 70 percent after five years.4 Although adolescents and adults can both be diagnosed with MOD, adolescents exhibit different signs and symptoms than their adult counterparts.s Adolescents may feel physically sick, get into trouble or perform poorly at school, become increasingly irritated or feel misunderstood.S In addition, they may become socially withdrawn or suffer from substance abuse.6 Comparatively, adults may complain of feeling sad, fatigued, or frustrated and may struggle with activities of everyday life.7 Major depressive disorder is a complex and disabling disease that can negatively impact all aspects of a patient's life: developmentally, socially and emotionally.6.8 Any patient suffering from MOD, regardless of age, needs to be treated with medication, psychotherapy or a combination of the two. Like adults with MOD, adolescents are at an increased risk for suicide if their depression becomes too severe.6 Depressed adolescents are at an even greater risk than depressed adults for completing suicide, which is the third leading cause of death in American adolescents 15 to 19 years of age. 9 In addition to the increased risk of suicide, untreated MOD has long-term social and clinical implications. Adolescents who suffer from milder forms of depression, such as dysthymic disorder, may eventually meet the criteria for MOD as adults if their condition is left untreated.6 Unfortunately, MOD is often underdiagnosed in this young patient population because they often do not fully meet the diagnostic criteria.6 Diagnosis may also be complicated by the existence of comorbid conditions such as anxiety and learning/conduct disorders.10 Patients who show signs and symptoms of MOD should receive proper diagnosis, psychiatric interventions and adequate therapeutic treatment based on their age and disease severity.6 Although MOD affects a significant number of adolescents, there is variability between existing diagnostic and treatment guidelines, few medications are currently indicated for MOD treatment in adolescents, and limited research exists in this patient population.11 Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment There are a variety of guidelines available for the treatment of MOD in adolescents; however, these documents are inconsistent. Recommendations regarding medication use, psychotherapy and the duration of these therapies vary. The length of psychotherapy and duration of medication use depend on the severity of a patient's MOD. Unfortunately, there are no studies available in adolescents with information regarding which patients should receive therapy past the usual recommendations.8 Currently, fluoxetine and escitalopram are the only antidepressants approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in adolescents with MDo.11 Guidelines and treatment recommendations are currently available from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) and the Resource for Advancing Children's Health (REACH). The AACAP is a non-profit association whose members aim to treat and improve the quality of life in children and adolescents who suffer from mental health disorders. They provide treatment parameters for a variety of mental health disorders, including MDo.12 The AACAP published their MOD parameters, which are based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), in 2007.8 Guidelines for AdolesJune 2014 Volume 5, Issue 2 THE PHARMACY AND WELLNESS REVIEW 31 CNS A Review of the Guidelines and Treatment Options for Major Depressive Disorder in Adolescents cent Depression in Primary Care (GLAD-PC) by REACH were also released in 2007. The GLAD-PC, a North American collaborative, was specifically developed for primary care physicians (PCPs) due to the differences between primary care and specialty care settings. The GLAD-PC: I discuss guidelines for the identification, assessment, and initial management of depression in youth ages 10 through 21. The GLAD-PC: II then outlines the treatment and ongoing management of adolescent depression. Few adolescents with MDD are actually seen by mental health professionals and instead seek help from their PCPs. The GLAD-PC helps PCPs, who may not be familiar with treating MDD in adolescents, properly diagnose and treatthese patients.13 AACAP Practice Parameters for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Depressive Disorders The AACAP states that depression is a spectrum disorder that ranges from subsyndromal to syndromal. To be diagnosed with a syndromal disorder, adolescents must have a change in mood with either a depressed/irritable mood or a Table 1. Adapted from the DSM-V.3 loss of interest/pleasure that accompanies a group of other symptoms for at least two weeks. These other symptoms include wishing to be dead, suicidal thoughts/attempts, changes in appetite or sleep and either decreased energy, concentration or self-worth. Although AACAP's diagnostic guidelines were based on DSM-IV, they are still similar to the recommendations in DSM-V (Table 1).3.a The AACAP recommends that physicians develop a relationship with their patient, his or her family, school personnel and other health care providers. The academy also suggests that physicians screen young patients at regular office visits to identify depressive disorders. If screening suggests the patient may be suffering from a depressive disorder, further evaluation is warranted including an assessment about harm to the patient or others. Additionally, this evaluation should include a family history of depressive disorders, ongoing or past negative events, such as abuse or divorce of parents and available support for the patient.B Treatment with medication should always include an acute and continuation phase. Maintenance treatment may also be DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for MDD in Adults and Adolescents


After clearance of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, patients with advanced liver fibrosis are still at risk for hepatic decompensation. Few


Summary form only given, as follows. The authors describe a simulation study of the pyloric network of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion. They demonstrate that a few simple activation functions are sufficient to describe the oscillatory behavior of the network. The aim is to determine the essential mechanisms necessary to specify the operation of biological neural networks so that we can incorporate them into connectionist models. The model includes rhythmically active bursting neurons and long-time-constant synaptic relations. In the process of doing this work, various models and algorithms were compared. The authors have derived some connectionist learning algorithms which have proved useful in terms of ease and accuracy in model generation.<<ETX>>


The main objective of this master thesis was to verify the moderating effects of stressful life events from childhood on the relation between the work organization's conditions and the level of psychological distress lived by workers from the Service de Police de la Ville de Montreal (SPVM). As a secondary objective, this thesis determined the direct effect of work organization conditions on the level of psychological distress. To complete this study, data from an investigation of 410 SPVM workers was used.This thesis demonstrated a low level of distress in this population. Also, the completed multilevel analysis confirmed that psychological demands and social support from the superiors were associated at the level of psychological distress. In fact, psychological demands contribute to increase it and the social support from the superior decrease the level of psychological distress. In addition, our results indicate that distress is to be less pronounced among men, couples, life habits (physical activities and no tobacco use),no tensions with children, no tensions with the spouse and the personality trait sense of control. Finally, this thesis hasn't found any moderating effects of the children's stressful life events on the relation between the work organization's conditions and the level of psychological distress. Moreover, the multilevel analyses haven't demonstrated the direct effect of children's stressful life events psychological on the level of psychological distress.


The index system of network public opinion is established based on analyzing the factors affecting network public opinion.According to the theory of variable fuzzy,the model of network public opinion is made to have a quantitative evaluation of network public opinion by adopting the class characteristic value rule instead of the maximum membership principle,and the warning levels of network public opinion is obtained.Combined with concrete example,the model is analyzed and validated.The model shows its rationality.


In view of problem that there is not enough transaction of the land contracted management right,the flaw of law about transaction of land contracted management right is analyzed,proposing that we should cancel the restriction that the transaction of land contracted management right must be agreed by the collective organization,also suggesting mortgage and share may become two kinds of transaction of land contracted management right.


We described some life-history traits of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) in Shumarinai Lake, northem Hokkaido, Japan. Males occurred both lake-run form and fluvial form but all females were lake-run form. Age at maturity of lake-run form was 1+~3+ in males and 2+ and 3+ in females. Males of fluvial form (mature male parr) matured at 0+~2+. Mean fork length at maturity of lake-run form was about 280mm in males and about 350mm in females, being markedly smaller than the sea-run adults. This appeared to be due to the low food abundance and the relatively low water temperature for longer periods in Shumarinai Lake. The life cycle of masu salmon in Shumarinai Lake is similar to that of the sea-run populations, which include both the semelparous migratory type (almost all females and a few males) and the iteroparous stream-resident males. However, two particular life cycles probably exist in Shumarinai populations: juvenile parr migrating to the lake before smoltification and "Jack" (precocious lake-run males) that do not winter in the lake after smoltification. These life cycles are peculiar to lacustrine populations.


We study the relationship between domestic-demand shocks and exports using data for Spanish manufacturing firms in 2002–2013. Exploiting plausibly exogenous geographical variation caused by the Great Recession, we find that firms whose domestic sales declined by more experienced a larger increase in export flows, controlling for firms' supply determinants. This result illustrates the capacity of export markets to counteract the negative impact of local demand shocks. By structurally estimating a heterogeneous-firm model of exporting with nonconstant marginal costs of production, we conclude that these firm-level responses accounted for half of the spectacular increase in Spanish goods exports over the period 2009–2013. (JEL D22, E32, F14, L60)


. Results. Both females and males in Moscow were characterized by a relatively smaller subcutaneous fat deposition in comparison with the youth of other cities. Young men in Arkhangelsk had the highest functional parameters of the cardiovascular system: systolic blood pressure corresponding to the upper limit of the norm; heart rate (81,0±2,0; p=0,024) and minute blood volume (5,67±0,17; p<0,001), which indicates an increase in energy costs for youth in northern latitudes and the stress of adaptive regulatory systems of the body. The lowest values of the Gensler index (within the limits of the norm), which is one of the main functional indicators of the respiratory system, were recorded for young men (89,7±0,9; p<0,001) and women (91,7±0,7; p=0,002) from Moscow, which may indicate a reaction to a high degree of atmospheric air pollution and the lack of an ecological reserve in the Moscow region. It has been shown that a morphofunctional ecological profile typical for a given region is formed in the surveyed urban populations, and its structure is based on the most informative signs that determine the features of the physical state and the adaptive reserves of the organism.


The Dead Sea Transform (DST) is a system of left-lateral strike-slip faults that accommodates the relative motion between the African and Arabian plates. Furthermore the water level of the Dead Sea is sinking rapidly at an average of one meter per year. Because of this the salt lake has already lost one third of its surface and along the parched shores are formed daily new sinkholes that are up to 20 meters deep. About 1000 of these sudden incident sinkholes have formed in the meanwhile the shoreline of the Dead Sea. They represent danger both to life and property, disrupt life in the area, and aversely affect building and development.


The unidirectional flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting, viscous fluid along cylindrical pipes is considered. An external magnetic field, B0, which lies in the plane transverse to the flow is applied. It is shown that the governing equations, written in the co-ordinate system traced out by B0, are mathematically very similar to those for a uniform field. The paper deals mainly with ducts whose walls are insulators. Though exact solutions (valid for all values of the Hartmann number) are derived, the limit of high Hartmann number is taken for detailed discussion. Transition layers (or, loosely, 'wakes') can arise which are centred on curved field lines. In some cases, reversed flow occurs in part of the core ('radial-type' fields). Situations also arise where the magnitude (and sign) of the velocity remains the same as for B0 = 0, whatever the strength of the applied, transverse (azimuthal) magnetic field.


Owning a home is a dream for many and one that seems impossible for some. Indigenous Business Australia (IBA) is touring Gippsland, helping Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders make that dream come true.


Knowledge on the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokine and apoptotic gene mRNA levels in the pathogenesis of Indian field isolates of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is little. In this study, cytokine mRNA levels were elucidated in spleen of chickens (in-vivo) and chicken embryo fibroblast cells (in-vitro) infected with lentogenic D58 strain and viscerotropic velogenic D165 isolate until five days post infection (dpi). In spleen of chickens infected with D165, maximum upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a), chemokine (IL-8) and apoptotic gene (Caspase-8) at 3dpi correlated with the onset of severe clinical signs and necrotic histopathological lesions in spleen, proventriculus, intestine and caecal tonsil of chickens. Similarly, in CEF cells infected with D165, upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine and apoptotic gene mRNA levels correlated with the appearance of CPE. In spleen of chickens and CEF cells infected with D58, there was comparatively minimal upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine and apoptotic gene mRNA levels which did not cause histopathological changes in tissues and CPE formation in CEF cells. In both in-vivo and in-vitro systems, upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 showed inhibitory effects on the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, this study reports variation in the cytokine mRNA levels elucidated in response to two different pathotypes isolated from India and associates the same with the clinical signs and pathological lesions produced during the course of ND.


To measure a profile on a machine accurately, it is necessary to remove influences caused by various disturbances such as vibration. Vibration between a workpiece and a sensor causes measurement error on machine measurements. Therefore, the authors proposed a sensor using triangulation with an optical skid to remove vibration error. It showed effectiveness against vibration. When the skid probe diameter is not much larger than the wavelength of the profile, the amplitude of the measured profile is smaller than the actual amplitude. This report presents reconstruction method for use with the profile surface of a workpiece with the optical skid sensor and describes effects obtained by simulations and experiments using reconstruction method.


conditions such as political leadership, social capability, and mobilization of domestic savings. It examines the vehicle for catch-up expounded by Hamilton and List, and then analyses the role of trade in the catch-up process. It delineates the mechanism of high growth and catch-up in East Asian NICs. After examining the so-called NIC phenomenon of outward-looking export-oriented growth, I will make a brief remark on the crisis that Korea has been experiencing since the late 1990s and the necessity of a fundamental institutional restructuring at certain points in the catch-up process.


Photographs depict full-sized jukeboxes, wall boxes, table models, and speakers manufactured by Wurlitzer, Rock-Ola, Seeburg, and other leading jukebox manufacturers from 1937 to 1948.


In the northwest corner of the US, commercial farmers defend their place-based heritage against the scientific and regulatory strategies of local Native American tribes seeking to restore salmon habitat in agricultural areas. The apparent irony of this scenario stems from a set of unique circumstances in the American Northwest that complicates dominant narratives and allegiances in political ecology and related fields. Ethnographic and historical evidence shows how a century of tribal activism to regain treaty fishing rights, and now to restore fish habitat, has collided with new forms of activism among county-supported farmers, whose counter-discourses depict themselves as stewards of the land. This case represents an exception to the more commonly observed pattern in which Western science and state power threaten to erode indigenous culture. It nevertheless suggests that the instrumentalist approach to salmon habitat restoration in Washington state, on the part of tribal and non-tribal entities alike, constrains ecosystem recovery by preventing a sophisticated understanding of its complex social and cultural dimensions. A detailed understanding of the histories and place-based identities that motivate the political engagement of both tribal and agricultural communities could inform more socially effective strategies for achieving actual habitat restoration goals.


Language change is paradoxical: Children acquire their native language accurately, yet over time, the language can change, apparently even without external influence. A possible resolution to this paradox comes from the facts that language is flexible and children do not learn from the entire population equally. Individuals vary in how they use their native language, and chance local fluctuations in such variation might be enough to trigger a language change. As we will see in Section 2, a mean-field model in which children learn from the entire population equally does not lead to spontaneous change, even in the presence of random variation. However, in Section 3 we will discuss a modification of the model, in which children can detect age-correlated patterns in variation. This does exhibit spontaneous language change: Children can detect accidental correlations between age and speech, predict that the population is about to undergo a language change, and accelerate the process, a process we will call prediction-driven instability.


The MYRRHA project (Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications) at SCK·CEN in Mol, Belgium, is currently being designed as an Accelerator Driven System (ADS) for high-flux neutron irradiation applications such as the demonstration of the technical feasibility of transmuting long-lived high-level radioactive waste on industrial scale. For operating the subcritical reactor core the dedicated driver linac is supposed to provide a continuous wave proton beam of 600 MeV and 4 mA in order to produce fast neutrons at the liquid lead-bismuth reactor coolant that serves as spallation target. Since frequently repeated beam interruptions would lead to high mechanical stress and fatigue on the reactor components it is crucial to ensure permanent beam availability, making reliability a key issue for the proton driver development. The planned 600 MeV main linac consisting of superconducting spoke and elliptical cavities is intended to be supplied by a 17 MeV double injector linac that is developed at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) of the Goethe University Frankfurt and contains a 4-Rod-RFQ as well as a section of normal-conducting and superconducting CH-cavities. For longitudinal beam focusing the recent injector layouts additionally include a 2-gap and a 5-gap rebuncher structure with effective voltages of 80−116 kV and 290 kV, respectively, both operating at 176,1 MHz. The 2-gap structure was developed from scratch and is going to be implemented as a coaxial quarter-wave resonator providing maximum shunt impedance and having convenient geometric dimensions. The overall RF-design including the tuning system, consisting of two small plunger tuner elements acting capacitively on the drift tube, as well as an inductive power coupling loop was optimized using CST Microwave Studio. Beam dynamics simulations investigating the effect of the electric dipole component caused by the open-ended stem were done using a new Particlein-Cell code named BENDER which was developed at IAP. Thermal simulations concerning the layout of the water cooling system and structural mechanics simulations regarding the expansion of the thermally loaded stem were done with CST MPhysics Studio. Also the occurrence of multipacting was investigated by doing particle tracking simulations using CST Particle Studio. The basic design of the 5-gap structure was to the greatest possible extend carried over from the CH-rebuncher prototype that was already designed and manufactured within the scope of the FRAnkfurt Neutron Source at the Stern-Gerlach-Zentrum (FRANZ). Adapting the gap geometry to the designated particle energy, increasing the aperture radius and applying a modified geometry for the cavity caps finally yielded a 5-gap CH-rebuncher that is perfectly suitable for the requirements of the MYRRHA injector linac.


This paper presents the results of studies which characterize the dynamic viscosity changes of ferrofluid in terms of changes of selected physical conditions of its work. Knowledge of the variation of the ferrofluids density, lubricity, and especially viscosity depending on the concentration of Fe3O4 magnetic particles, temperature, deformation speed and impact direction, type and value of magnetic induction, it is necessary to analyze the changes of operating conditions of the slide journal bearing ferrofluids lubricated. This theme is the broader context of the authors interests and his research. In this article has been briefly characterized the viscous properties of the tested ferrofluid. There also has been shown an analysis of the impact of changes in temperature and velocity of deformation on the change of ferrofluids dynamic viscosity. The paper has been summarized the observations and conclusions reached on the basis of analysis results.


STNWeb (https://www.stn-analytics.com/) is a new web tool for the visualization of the behavior of optimization algorithms such as metaheuristics. It allows for the graphical analysis of multiple runs of multiple algorithms on the same problem instance and, in this way, it facilitates the understanding of algorithm behavior. It may help, for example, in identifying the reasons for a rather low algorithm performance. This, in turn, can help the algorithm designer to change the algorithm in order to improve its performance. STNWeb is designed to be user-friendly. Moreover, it is offered for free to the research community. An article summarizing STNWeb has been recently published in the Software Impacts Journal.


The invention discloses a bubble electrostatic-spinning device by utilizing negative pressure. The bubble electrostatic-spinning device comprises a base, a high voltage supply device, a liquid supply device, a protection cover and a negative-pressure receiving device. The negative-pressure receiving device is connected to the ground or connected with the high voltage supply device. Multiple spray pipes and a first air outlet are arranged on the base. The spray pipes are internally provided with second air outlets. The first air outlets and the second air outlets are connected with an air pressure supply device. The high voltage supply device is communicated with electrodes of all spray pipes. An electric field used for generating jet flow is arranged between the electrodes and the negative-pressure receiving device. The liquid supply device is communicated with solution guide pipes in the all spray pipes. The negative-pressure receiving device comprises a collector, a negative-pressure pipe and a negative air-pressure generator. A negative-pressure pipe opening is formed in the top of the protection cover by the negative-pressure pipe. The collector is of a porous structure and nested into the negative-pressure pipe opening. The bubble electrostatic-spinning device by utilizing negative pressure has following beneficial effects: with the help of high-speed airflow, nanofibers are directionally settled in a structure of a three-dimensional support having a special shape on the collector so that the problem that electro-spinning three-dimensional fibers are collected with difficulty is solved.


In this paper, we consider channel access problem in cognitive radio networks. We assume ordered channel assignment policy in the primary network. Searching channels sequentially from the beginning, the first available channel is assigned when a request arrives from a primary user, leaving idle channels in the upper part of the spectrum. As secondary users have limited sensing capabilities, ordered channel assignment makes finding available channels much easier. When a channel is sensed to be idle, the user can send over that channel and all subsequent channels. Modeling channel occupancy in primary network as a discrete time Markov chain, secondary users use their prior knowledge of state transition probabilities to derive their channel selection action. Under ordered channel assignment, several channel selection strategies are investigated. The optimal strategies based on POMDP framework are derived. For lower complexity, three greedy policies are also proposed. The proposed ordered channel assignment policy results in efficient 1-D Markov model with significant reduction in the size of the state space compared to N-D models deduced in previous works. When secondary network consists of multiple users, users can only send at the sensed channel in each time slot. This problem is also investigated in this paper. Furthermore, partially ordered channel assignment is considered for primary network and a sensing strategy is proposed for this situation.


Seyyed Abdollah Entezam Vaziri is one of the political and social figures in the Pahlavi period in Iran (1895-1983). He is originally from the city of Tafresh, one of the cities of Markazi province, and his lineage goes back to Imam Zin al-Abedin AS, one of the Shiite Imams. He has held senior executive positions as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Oil Company of Iran, and has represented Iran in international organizations. Executive works did not hinder Seyyed Abdollah's scientific activities, and he was able to write and translate several books. His family were also of the famous figures in the Qajar period and had social and cultural services. Famous members of his family include Mirza Mousa Vazir and Mirza Isa Khan Vazir. The purpose of the present article is to explain and study the various aspects of the life of Seyyed Abdollah Entezam Vaziri. The method of data collection is library and the explanatory-analytical method is used in information processing. In this article, we have attempted to use authentic historical books and sources.


The aetiology of syncope can be challenging to undermine because of its sporadic nature. Implantable loop recorders (ILR) are recommended to be used early in undetermined syncope to establish a symptom – rhythm correlation if cardiac syncope is suspected. Real world diagnostic yield of ILR is not well established.

 To evaluate the diagnostic yield of ILR devices in patients with undetermined syncope.

 This single centre, retrospective study, reviewed the electronic medical records of all patients, who underwent ILR insertion for syncope from January 2017 to June 2022. Abnormal rhythm strips on ILR were reviewed by a cardiac physiologist and cardiology consultant to determine its significance.
 Primary outcome was to determine the total number of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) inserted due to ILR findings. Secondary outcomes included (1) a baseline characteristics comparison between the group of patients who had an arrhythmia detected on ILR and patients who had detected no arrhythmia, and (2) the total number of clinical significant events (CSEs), defined as a symptomatic arrhythmia, an asymptomatic arrhythmia deemed clinically related to the patients' history of syncope, and the absence of an arrhythmia when the patient experienced syncope. Complications of ILR insertion were recorded.
 Given that normality was not assumed, a non-parametric analysis was utilised to compare baseline characteristics.

 A total of 215 patients were included in this study, of which 43 (20%) had a CIED inserted due to ILR findings. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups except age (Table 1).
 103 (47.9%) of the patients had a CSE (Figure 1). Symptomatic arrhythmias were the most common clinically significant events, out of which a sinus pause of greater than 6 seconds was most prevalent arrhythmia. There were no complications that required early explant of the ILR in this cohort.

 ILR detected a clinically significant arrhythmia and the absence of an arrhythmia in 42.7% and 5.1% of patients with undetermined syncope, respectively. ILR use is a valuable diagnostic tool in this cohort of patients. Further studies looking at cost-effectiveness would be beneficial.Baseline characteristicsCSE and arrhythmias


In this paper we extend to the case of multiply connected regions the famous result of Sarason concerning the characterization of operators commuting with the compression of the unilateral shift on H2 to a co-invariant subspace.


Abstract : A program for the analog computer solution of the Starr BCG formula is presented. The most important contribution of this method is the use of relays to select any wave or set of waves of the BCG. It therefore has applications in other analyses of the BCG. Comparisons with dyedilution cardiac outputs in dogs under various circulatory conditions shows faithful reproduction of changes in stroke volume. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed. (Author)


A 65-year-old man with gross osteoarthritis of the left hip was prepared for elective total hip arthroplasty. He had a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, early Alzheimer's dementia and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. He was on oral diclofenac sodium, intramuscular goserelin acetate and a brown liquid herbal medicine (one tablespoon twice a day). At pre-operative assessment the patient was advised to discontinue the herbal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine 2 weeks prior to surgery. The immediate postoperative period was complicated by an acute wound haemorrhage (750 ml of blood collected via the deep drain and approximately 150 ml discharged into wound dressing over the first 2 h). Crystalloid fluid resuscitation was commenced and a pressure dressing applied. The full blood count confirmed anaemia (haemoglobin concentration, 8 g.dl) and a normal platelet count. A coagulation screen was normal. Discussion with the patient's wife revealed that he had continued the herbal medication up to the day of surgery, although the diclofenac had been stopped 2 weeks prior to surgery. The herbalist was contacted and confirmed as the active ingredients as Gingko biloba (Ginkgo, Maidenhair tree), Piper Lango (Lang pepper), Tylophora indica (Asthma weed), Marrubium vulgare (Horehound), and Cetaria islandica (Iceland moss). The patient received a 4-unit blood transfusion and the bleeding stopped after about 8 h.The drain was removed at 48 h and the patient went on to make a satisfactory recovery and was discharged from hospital on the fifth postoperative day. Recent surveys in Australia and the United States report that 12–37% of subjects use herbal medications [1, 2]. Although it is customary for a routine drug history to be taken, the majority of patients do not reveal their often longterm intake of herbal medicines. The current recommendation by the American Society of Anesthesiologists is that patients cease herbal medicines at least 2 weeks prior to surgery [3]. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) increases the risk of bleeding if used in combination with warfarin, antiplatelet drugs, and certain other medications [4]. Haemorrhage at various anatomical sites has been reported with the ingestion of GBE alone [5–10], or in combination with nonsteroidal therapy [11]. Ginkgo belongs to the Ginkgoaceae taxonomic class of herbs. It is marketed in a number of multi-ingredient preparations under a variety of trade names and is available as tablets, capsules, nutrition bars, sublingual sprays and tinctures. GBE has arterial and venous vasoactive properties that enhance tissue perfusion and cerebral blood flow. The ability of this extract to produce arterial vasodilation, inhibit arterial spasm, decrease capillary permeability and fragility, decrease blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation, accounts for its physiological effects, which are probably due to stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis or caused by indirect vasoregulatory effects on catecholamines [12]. Ginkgolide B, a chemical component of the extract, has been identified as a potent inhibitor of platelet activating factor [12]. When the use of herbal medicines is discovered they should be investigated to identify their active components. An explanation of the associated risks with continued ingestion preoperatively is mandatory. We also believe that such medicines prescribed for chronic or malignant disease are less likely to be disclosed by patients prior to surgery and are often not stopped in the pre-operative period. Healthcare workers and clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for such patients and obtain a detailed history, specifically addressing herbal medications as part of the pre-operative assessment, particularly in elderly orthopaedic patients with unrelated medical disorders. We recommend that pre-operative assessment clinics have notices in several languages requesting patients to disclose their intake of herbal medicines.


We have developed and tested a quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) microscope spectrometer. Microscopic scattering volumes in single cells can be studied using the QELS microscope spectrometer. The scattering properties of model systems and various biological preparations have been examined.


To our knowledge, the first use of the term 'Astrobiology' dates back to 1941 [1]. However, the term's first appearance in a Science Citation Index (SCI) journal didn't take place until 1997, in a paper discussing the etymological and conceptual relations between astrobiology and exobiology [2, 3]. Astrobiology is considered a new word for a new paradigm, which addresses three main questions: a) How does life begin and evolve? b) Does life exist elsewhere in the universe? And c) What is the future of life on Earth and beyond? [4] To deal with these questions a cross-cutting approach is obviously required. In fact, astrobiology is probably the best and most outstanding example of the development of cross-cutting scientific studies over the last quarter-century [5]. With the recent increase in the exploration and research of the planets and celestial bodies, planetary geoscience is one of the fastest growing branches of the geosciences, and there is a great variety of geoscientific aspects which connect with astrobiology [6]. Many of them are related to: a) the concept of planetary habitability (including the Earth) and potential habitable environments, at different scales of space and time, and b) the multiple open issues and questions linking the abiotic and biotic worlds. Obviously, this also involves taking into account ethical (bioethical and geoethical) approaches, which, giving the complexity and transdisciplinary nature of Astrobiology, could require a step forward towards the developing of astrobioethics, at least for considering and facing some special cases. A search in the Web of Science (WoS) database (1900-2016) of the term "astrobioethics" yielded no results. However, it was utilized for the first time, to our knowledge, in 2008 [7] as "a branch of ethics involving the implications of life sciences in space" and in the framework of an article about perchlorate in Martian soil and the possible existence of life [8]. McMahom [9] considers that astrobioethics comprises different perspectives, from purely philosophical to other much more scientific in nature. In this sense, a working group on astrobioethics has been recently established [10]. One of its main tasks will be "to analyse the potential societal and ethical implications related to astrobiology, taking into account the complexity of the connections between its main scientific issues and goals (see, for instance, the NASA Astrobiology Institute Astrobiology Roadmap), and considering the synergies between both bioethical and geoethical approaches (from microbes to humans and from the Earth to space environments) ".


The oxamicetin-producing organism designated as Arthrobacter oxamicetus TOMITA and KAWAGUCHI sp. nov. is described. The morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics of the organism as well as its taxonomic relationship to other species of Arthrobacter are also discussed. The type strain is No. B302-B75 by virtue of its being a single isolate.


This study aims to determine Human Resource management and strategy in developinga performance culture at Baitul Mal throughout Aceh Province. Approach, directionand human resources synergize to achieve a goal and have great potential to manageBaitul Mal in Aceh Province as an Islamic Sharia Region. Therefore, researchers areinterested in researching how the strategy of human resources in the Baitul Mal of theProvince of Aceh in improving the welfare of the community regarding themanagement of Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah (ZIS) funds in the Province of Aceh. Theapproach used in this research is qualitative. While the methods used are observation,in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. This research also collected data fromthe Baitul Mal of Aceh Province, West Aceh, South Aceh, and the Municipality ofBanda Aceh


Transparent polycrystalline YAG with nearly the same optical characteristics as those of a single crystal were fabricated by a solid-state reaction method using high-purity powders (>99.99 wt% purity). The average grain size and relative density of the 1.1 at.% ND:YAG ceramics obtained were about 50 {micro}m and 99.98%, respectively. An oscillation experiment was performed on a cw laser by the diode laser excitation system using the fabricated ceramics. The experimental results indicated an oscillation threshold and a slope efficiency of 309 mW and 28%, respectively. These values were equivalent or superior to those of the 0.9 at.% ND:YAG single crystal fabricated by the Czochralski method.


The effect of potential future climate change on the storage rate of paddy field during storm periods (June - September) was assessed using the daily paddy water balance model. The CCCma CGCM2 data by SRES (special report on emissions scenarios) A2 and B2 scenarios of the IPCC (intergovernmental panel on climate change) was used to assess the future potential climate change. The future weather data for the year 2020s, 2050s and 2080s was downscaled by Change Factor method through bias-correction using 30 years weather data. The future (2020s, 2050s and 2080s) rainfall, storage and irrigation of paddy field, runoff in paddy levee and ponding depth were analyzed for the A2 and B2 climate change scenarios based on a base year (2005). The future irrigation change of paddy field was projected to increase by decrease in rainfall. So, runoff change in paddy levee was decrease slightly, future storage change of paddy was projected to increase.


INTRODUCTION: Despite an increasing armamentarium of immunosuppressive agents, there is still a significant morbidity and mortality associated with childhood- onset systemic lupus nephritis. The ideal therapeutic strategy for children and adolescents with SLE should provide the right amount of tretment to allow normal growth, development and fertility while reducing the disease activity and damage that can be accured over the years. Modern therapeutic strategies include reduced doses and use of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide respectively, with increased use of azathioprine, MMF and, more recently, rituximab. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two female patients, 12 and 13 years old at the beginning of treatment, with active lupus nephritis that were resistant to standard immunosuppressive agents (corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetill), were treated with Rituximab (R) 700mg/m2 (max 1g) and ciclophosphamide (C) 750mg/ m2, during the 12 months period, according to experimental protocol for class IV glomerulonephritis in patients with SLE. Patients had three cycles of R+C administered two times in two week period. First cycle was at the beginning of treatment. After that followed the four months induction therapy with C administred every one month, after which followed second cycle of R+C. Third cycle of R+C followed after six months. Clorpheniramin, paracetamol and methylprednisolone were given prior to rituximab administration, and before and after cyclophosphamide administration we used ondansteron and mesna. Both patients underwent complete clinical investigation including kidney biopsy before, during and after treatment. Global disease activity measure scores were obtained at the time of each visit, as measured by the European Consensus Lupus Activity Measure (ECLAM), the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), or the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM). RESULTS: Prior to treatment one patient had Class IV active LN, and other class IIIa. After the treatment one patient had class IIIc, and another class V, subsequently. We also recorded decrease in values of disease activity measures, for both patients. Prior to treatment one patient had ECLAM 10.5, SLEDAI 39 and SLAM 13. After the treatment all the scores were 0. Another patient prior to treatment had ECLAM 11, SLEDAI 41 and SLAM 14. After the treatmen ECLAM was 0, 5, SLEDAI was 4 and SLAM was 1. No serious side effects or effects on growth and development were recorded. DISCUSION: Before the treatment our two patients had very active kidney disease with lower values of GF, proteinuria, immune complex deposition, crescents, endocapilar proliferation, etc. After the combined treatment active disease was converted to chronicity, with almost no activity, either in kidney or serology. REFERENCES: 1. Marks SD, Tullus K. Modern therapeutic strategies for paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Acta Paediatr. 2010 Mar 11. [Epub ahead of print] 2. Marks SD, Patey S, Brogan PA, Hasson N, Pilkington C, Woo P, Tullus K. B lymphocyte depletion therapy in children with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Oct ; 52(10):3168-74.


It has the talented persons advantage and technique advantage to establish the Party's construction website in the college and it is the most valid path to enhance the students the thought and political work completely.


BACKGROUND
Recent results implicate nitric oxide (NO) in the irradiation-induced perturbation of angiogenic mechanisms. We have previously shown, using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and a dose of 10 Gy, that the NO pathway is involved in X-ray-induced anti-angiogenicity. In the current study, we investigated the implication of NO in the effects of various doses (2-15 Gy) of irradiation on angiogenesis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
X-irradiation, NO synthase inhibitors, NO releasing agent and the in vivo CAM angiogenesis model (disc and ring method) were used. The CAM areas were irradiated on the 9th or the 14th day of embryo development and the vascular density was determined morphologically.

RESULTS
Doses up to 5 Gy resulted in dose-dependent reduction of vascular density, whereas the NO synthase inhibitors, added immediately post-irradiation, protected the 9-day CAM from the above anti-angiogenic effects of irradiation. NO donor, under certain circumstances potentiated the effects of X-rays when applied to the 9-day CAM using the ring method.

CONCLUSION
These results confirm the implication of NO in the anti-angiogenic mechanism of X-rays and describe the dose-response pattern of NO involvement in this action.


The global financial crisis of 2007-2008 changed the landscape of financing a business, affecting all projects that are looking for growth based on access to capital. Non-bank finance and new forms of equity access started to emerge not only for attractive born-global start-ups but also for smaller SME´s with sound and sustainable business plans, creating a stronger link between capital and knowledge. This article aims to open a reflection on the future of the sources of financing for an entrepreneur, focusing on three main premises: (i) debt and short term payback, (ii) capital and knowledge acquisition for a sustainable business model (iii) new forms of – debt free - payback to fit the business ability to grow and to focus the financial support primarily on the business model and not on the entrepreneur.


The invention discloses a solid-liquid phase change material melting heat transfer performance parameter testing system and a method thereof. The system comprises a phase change material container, a liquid phase material expansion port, an expansion tube provided with a liquid level sensor, a heat insulation sleeve, an analog-to-digital converter and a computer; a solid-liquid phase change material is contained in the cavity of the phase change material container, the top of the symmetrical center of the phase change material container is provided with the liquid phase material expansion port, the liquid phase material expansion port is connected with the expansion tube provided with the liquid level sensor, the expansion tube provided with the liquid level sensor is wrapped by the heat insulation sleeve, a liquid level simulation signal of the liquid level sensor is transmitted into the analog-to-digital converter in real time, and a data signal derived by the analog-to-digital converter is transmitted to the computer. Automatic measurement, operation and display of the melting rate, the integral heat exchange coefficient and other key heat transfer performance parameters of a phase change material in an internal non-visual container can be realized within a certain precision range through reasonable hypothesis and strict derivation based on volume expansion data in the solid-liquid phase change melting process.


Hardware description languages use a low level of abstraction for specifying digital circuits,which is hard to verify and time-consuming to design.Taking a Fast Fourier Transform circuit design as an example,multi-stage programming for customizing digital circuits is presented to circumvent those difficulties.The First step is to model for the application system using high-level description method,eliminate its redundancy and recursion,and generate a simple function.The next step is to extract a sequence of simplified operations from that function.Finally,designers choose a suitable scheme for circuit design,and convert the sequence into some hardware description language codes,which can generate synthesizable circuits.This method can be applied to automatically customizing a whole family of circuits.


This paper describes the methodological implications for evaluation research on collaborative virtual environments. The information is based on the experiences drawn from a longitudinal study of MASSIVE-1, a virtual reality tele-conferencing system. Benefits and drawbacks of the constraints on methodology, implicated by the developmental stage of collaborative virtual environment technology, are identified and discussed.