The present work focuses mainly on an in vivo evaluation of ultra flne grained titanium (UFG-Ti) obtained by severe plastic deformation (SPD). The SPD on commercially produced Grade 2 titanium (Cp-Ti) resulted in the reflnement of the grain size by several orders of magnitude. Polished surfaces having similar roughness from both UFG-Ti and Cp-Ti were prepared. In vitro test revealed the presence of flbronectin, which was involved in the attachment of the cells to the substrate. Phase contrast micrographs showed the highest signal of flbronectin in UFG-Ti, indicating that it is more cytocompatible than Cp-Ti. In vivo tests, by subcutaneous implantation of the metals in the rats showed the better biocompatibility of UFG-Ti over Cp-Ti. The improved biocompatibility of UFG-Ti was attributed to the presence of surface discontinuities (in the form of nano-defects), surface energy, higher wettability, surface stress and stable TiO2 fllms, which increased the protein adsorption on the surface.


In this letter, we present a passive optical network (PON) polling mechanism for services that require low-latency performance, which achieves delay performance gains reaching 57%. This is accomplished by decoupling the in-band report messages from the upstream data transmission time window and scheduling them separately in order to arrive immediately before a grant is to be transmitted from the optical line terminal (OLT). We analyze the details of this mechanism and provide discrete event simulation results to support the analysis. We emphasize that the proposed mechanisms maintain a statistical multiplexing approach (as opposed to a fixed window TDM approach), require only firmware upgrades at the OLT, can be rolled out on a per-ONU basis and come only at the cost of one extra guard time per ONU being polled in this manner.


The new deposition process, combustion chemical vapor deposition, shows a great deal of promise in the area of thermal barrier coating systems. This technique produces dense, adherent coatings, and does not require a reaction chamber. Coatings can therefore be applied in the open atmosphere. The process is potentially suitable for producing high quality CVD coatings for use as interlayers between the bond coat and thermal barrier coating, and/or as overlayers, on top of thermal barrier coatings. In this report, the evaluation of alumina and ceria coatings on a nickel-chromium alloy is described.


The A* algorithm for decoding linear block codes is known to be an efficient tree-search method for decoding short linear block codes. We propose to employ the early acquired information of some parity bits to speed up the tree search. Analysis for the number of required information bits for obtaining the parity bits is provided. In addition, two versions of the modified A* algorithm which take advantage of the advanced information of parity bits are provided. Simulation results show that there is advantage in reducing the number of search tree edges in each proposed version as compared with two existing A* algorithms which do not consider the early information of parity bits.


Verbs occupy a very important position in language.When translating English works in to Chinese,we must carefully read and exactly understand the original,especially verbs and then express in proper Chinese to attain complete harmony befween form and meaing.


In Ethiopia, honey produced by T. iridipennis in combination with garlic is widely used for traditional treatment of different infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergic antibacterial effect of T. iridipennis honey and garlic mixture against standard and clinical pathogenic bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of garlic extract, tenegn honey and mixture of tenegn honey and garlic extract against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella NCTC 8385, Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19116), Shigella flexneri (ATCC 12022), Shigella dysenteriae (clinical isolate) and Salmonella typhi (clinical isolate) as well as Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Streptococcus pneumonia (ATCC 63) were determined. Inhibition zones of mixture of garlic extract and tenegn honey against all tested pathogens was significantly (P 0.05) greater than garlic extract and tenegn honey. The diameters of zone of inhibitions against all tested pathogens ranged from 25 to 35 mm for mixture of garlic extract and tenegn honey as compared with 10 to 30 mm for chloramphenicol. There was no significant (P 0.05) difference in MIC and MBC concentration of all antimicrobial substances against the tested Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. The mixture of garlic extract and tenegn honey has the potential of a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that leads to a new choice for the treatment of commonly encountered infectious diseases. In vivo study using model animals is important for further application.


Public educational institutions usually present an inadequate working climate, where relationships between coworkers are strained that don't allow them to interact harmoniously; all of this is attributed to dissatisfaction with employees regarding its offices; is why this research was developed, whose main objective is to determine the influence of job satisfaction on organizational climate EI "Sara A. Bullon" Lambayeque. To fulfill this purpose, the level of job satisfaction and organizational climate type present in said institution was measured; through surveys to measure each variable, according to the Likert scale, based on the dimensions of job satisfaction mentioned by Robbins, S. and Judge, T. and guided by the theory of organizational climate Likert , a total of 87 workers. A hypothesis where the influence of job satisfaction on organizational climate positively given was raised; and this was apparent when analyzing the results, although it was also determined that there are other factors that affect the existence of a good organizational climate.


The purpose of this study is to examine the role of sport passion level of athletes in determinig love attitude and relation satisfaction. 218 athletes participated in this study as volunteers, 94 of the mare female (Xage=20,46±3,12), 124 of the mare male (Xage=22,81±4,05) sport experience of athletes dealing with different branches of team and individual sports (football, basketball, volleyball, tennis, track and field, bike… etc.) is 110,15±54,59 monts. To achieve the purpose of the study, Passion Scala was developed by Vallerand and his friends (2003) and it was adapted to Turkish culture by Kelecek (2013). Love Attitudes Scale (short form), was developed by Hendrick and Hendrick' in (1986, 1990), and it was adapted to Turkish culture by Buyuksahin and Hovardaoglu (2004), Fianlly, Relationship Assessment Scala which were developed by Hendrick (1988) and adapted to Turkish culture by Curun (2001) were used. For solution and interpretation of the datas, descriptive statistical methods; for independent samples T-test, One Way Anova test and Multiple Step wise regression analysis were used. Analysis performed by using SPSS and research significance was accepted as P<0,05. As a result of this study, it has been observed that athletes' sport passion level sare important determiners of love attitude and relation satisfactions, as well as it has also been observed that athletes love attitude level safe determiners of relation satisfactions.


Some optically active ferroic crystals (a few ferroelectrics and one ferroelastic) are known to exhibit reversal of the sign of spontaneous optical rotation in certain directions when a suitable electric field or uniaxial stress is applied. This phenomenon, to be called gyrotropy, is examined in the framework of Aizu's formalism of ferroicity. The case of dicalcium strontium propionate, Ca2Sr(C3H5O2)6, a ferroelastic-ferroelectric, is analysed to illustrate a simple procedure for enumerating gyrotropic orientation states. The 18 'pure' gyrotropic species of crystals are listed: these are those species for which gyrotropy is not accompanied by primary ferroicity. Ni-Cl boracite, BaMnF4, RbNO3, and some related crystals, are suggested as new potential gyrotropics. The first two of these are ferromagnetic gyrotropics, of which no examples are known so far.


James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula, has recently experienced severe climate change: warming from the 1970s until the early 2000s and cooling from the early 2000s until around 2014. Lachman II, a 2-km long debris-covered glacier (ice-cored rock glacier), is located at the northern part of James Ross Island. On Lachman II, the surface elevation lowered at a rate of 1.1 and 0.7 m a at the center of the upper stream of the debris-covered area from 1992 until 1995. However, in response to the cooling trend from the early 2000s until around 2014, the surface lowering rate temporarily slowed to 0.2 and 0.4 m a for at least seven years from 2008 to 2015 at the center of the upper stream of the debris-covered area. In response to extremely high air temperatures in 2016, the glacier surface lowered again, accelerating to 0.5 and 0.6 m a from 2015 to 2017. A ground penetrating radar (GPR) image displayed a reflection plane along the longitudinal section of the glacier, which indicates that a debris-rich ice layer was thrusting up from the glacier bottom. The origin of the upward thrust is supported by the fact that the surface rock debris consists mainly of sandstone and mudstone derived from the bottom of the glacier.


Concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Fe in leaf and root tissue of Typha latifolia L. grown in a series of solution cultures containing 5–100 μg g−1 Cu, 10–150 μg g−1 Ni, or 10–100 μg g−1 Fe were correlated with concentrations of the same metals in the growth medium. In contrast to plants growing in contaminated wetlands near Sudbury, Ont., plants grown in solution culture were unable to minimize entry of Cu and Ni into leaf tissue. Leaves of T. latifolia accumulated 467 ± 50 μg g−1 Ni and did not show toxicity symptoms. Leaf Cu concentrations reached 127 ± 28 μg g−1 and toxicity symptoms (reduced leaf elongation and biomass production) appeared at leaf Cu concentrations of approximately 80 μg g−1. Thus T. latifolia would appear to have internal Cu and Ni tolerance mechanisms. Possible mechanisms for the exclusion of Cu and Ni in the field are discussed.


Abstract Purpose: This study aims to ascertain the impact of political, administrative and financial factors on local participants in Hoima district, Uganda. Research methodology: To ascertain the factors that impact participants in Uganda, a descriptive study was used in which primary data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: The factors were identified and clustered into thematic areas; they indicate a cluster of three factors appeared as themes. The results suggest that financial and political challenges are key impediments to effective participation and a good number of the technical personnel were not appointed on the basis of technical know-how. Hoima district needed to intensify its advocacy regarding increased central government transfers as well as the disbursements of more unconditional grants coupled with regular monitoring of its technical personnel. Limitations: The key limitation is the geographical scope since this study covered only one district, implying that the results cannot be generalized for the whole country. Contribution: The results of this are essential to academics in both Public Administration and Policy studies interested in enhancing local democracy and citizen-based governance.


Introduction. The problem of diseases of the digestive system is one of the leading in pediatric, therapeutic practice and gastroenterology in particular. Objective: To summarize the literature and our own experience about the use of extracts of artichoke, turmeric and milk thistle in the treatment of diseases of the digestive system in children and adults. Conclusions: 1. The problem of diseases of the digestive system is one of the important in pediatric, therapeutic practice and gastroenterology in particular. In recent years, an increase of liver and biliary diseases among adults and children. 2. The most-studied plants are artichoke, milk thistle and turmeric. Their combined use requires further study in clinical practice in patients with disorders of the biliary tract.


The purpose of this study is to determine the terminal college attain ment of the Freshman classes of 1936 and 1940 at the Eau Claire State Teachers College with a particular view to the status of the professional education students. In fulfilling the study, academic records have been reviewed for the four year period that would encompass the period of time normally required for the earning of the college degree. The analysis has been divided into the following problems:


Different phylogenetic methods often yield different inferred trees for the same set of organisms. Moreover, a single phylogenetic approach (such as a Bayesian analysis) can produce many trees. Consensus trees and topological distance matrices are often used to summarize the evolutionary relationships among the trees of interest. These summarization techniques are implemented in current phylogenetic software packages, but they are inefficient when applied to large collections of trees. Thus, fast algorithms are needed to compare the relationships among such large tree collections. We present two fast hash-based algorithms— HashCS and HashRF—for summarizing large collections of evolutionary trees. HashCS constructs strict and majority consensus trees, and HashRF computes the Robinson-Foulds (RF) distance between every pair of trees in the collection. We studied the performance of our hash-based algorithms on tree collections obtained from Bayesian analyses on three molecular datasets consisting of 16 taxa (euarchontoglires), 150 taxa (desert algae and green plants), and 567 taxa (angiosperms). The size of our tree collections range from 128 to 16,384 trees. Our experimental results show that our HashCS algorithm is up to 80% faster than PAUP*, its closest competitor, and 100 times faster than MrBayes. Our HashRF algorithm is up to 200% faster than PGM-Hashed, the second fastest RF matrix algorithm. HashRF is over 100 times faster than PAUP*. Thus, our fast hash-based algorithms provide scientists with a very powerful tool for analyzing the relationships between the large phylogenetic tree collections in new and exciting ways.


Photosynthesis is the only significant solar energy storage process on Earth and is the source of all of our food and most of our energy resources. An understanding of the origin and evolution of photosynthesis is therefore of substantial interest, as it may help to explain inefficiencies in the


Quantum resources, such as discord and entanglement, are crucial in quantum information processing. In this paper, quantum resources are studied from the aspect of quantum state superposition. We define the local superposition (LS) as the superposition between basis of single part, and nonlocal superposition (NLS) as the superposition between product basis of multiple parts. For quantum resource with nonzero LS, quantum operation must be introduced to prepare it, and for quantum resource with nonzero NLS, nonlocal quantum operation must be introduced to prepare it. We prove that LS vanishes if and only if the state is classical and NLS vanishes if and only if the state is separable. From this superposition aspect, quantum resources are categorized as superpositions existing in different parts. These results are helpful to study quantum resources from a unified frame.


Passive systems present certain challenges for conventional reliability assessments due to their ability to fail functionally without any physical component failures. This results in difficulties when modeling the system using fault trees. Also, the behavior of passive systems can be entirely time-dependent, meaning that their representation in conventional event trees where time is not explicitly modeled is ineffective. Dynamic methods, which utilize computer simulations to dictate the timing of events, offer a possibility to alleviate some of these issues. In this work, a methodology is presented for utilizing discrete dynamic event trees (DDETs) to characterize passive system reliability. A demonstration problem has been chosen which analyzes a long-term station blackout (SBO) in a generic advanced small modular reactor (advSMR) coupled with the reactor cavity cooling system (RCCS), a passive cooling system that relies on natural convection and radiation to reject heat from the reactor guard vessel. Uncertainties related to characteristics affecting the performance of the RCCS are identified, and the methodology for addressing uncertainties in the sequencing of events in scenario progression is presented. This work is part of an ongoing project at Argonne National Laboratory to demonstrate methodologies for assessing passive system reliability.


A seven-parent diallel (without reciprocal) study was conducted during 1993-95 on the pod fly and lepidopteran borer damage to pigeonpea [Cajanlls cajan (L.) Millsp.) revealed that mean squares due to general and specific combining ability were significant but variance component due to sca was higher than variance component due to gca indicating the predominance of non-additive gene action for inheritance of resislance to pod fly and lepidopteran borers. Parents 'PDA 88-2E' and 'PDA 89-2E' were good combiners for pod fly resistance and 'ICP 8860' and 'Bahar' were the good combiners for lepidopteran borer rersistance. The crosses 'NP(WR) 15' x 'PDA 88-2E', 'DPPA 85-15' x 'PDA 89-2E', 'NP(WR) 15' x 'PDA 89-2E', 'Bahar' x 'ICP 8860', 'DPIA 85-15' x 'PDA 88-2E' and 'Bahar' x 'PDA 88-2E' were found to be good specific combiner for resistance to pod fly and the cross 'KPBR 80-2-1' .x 'NP(WR) 15' was found to be a good specific combiner for resistance to lepidopteran borer. Some of the crosses with high negative values showed high heterotic response over Mid Parent and Better Parent for resistance to pod fly and lepidopteran borer damage.


A systematic morphological study of Andrographis (Acanthaceae: Andrographinae) in India has revealed that the genus Haplanthus is distinct from Andrographis. We resurrect the genus Haplanthus here with four species, one of which contains three varieties. Five new combinations are proposed: H. laxiflorus, H. laxiflorus var. parishii, H. laxiflorus var. recedens, H. ovatus, and H. rosulatus. In addition, the following four names are lectotypified here: Gymnostachyum andrographioides, G. ovatum, G. parishii, and Haplanthus tener var. elongatus.


Shell Oil Company was attempting to develop CRA (Corrosion Resistant Alloy) valves for use in those completions utilizing CRA tubing. The testing and development of new materials for CRA valves of both the solid and clad version were pursued. As part of this CRA valve development program, Shell Oil Company tried to reconcile the apparent discrepancy between unacceptable laboratory test results on 410 SS in sour environments with both the apparent success (when properly heat treated and at an acceptable hardness level) of this alloy in commercial sour use and the fact that it is fully accepted in NACE MR-01-75. A410 stainless steel valve was tested near the material yield strength at low H{sub 2}S partial pressures at the STF (Static Test Facility) in Mississippi. The valve failed by crack growth and body wall leakage while under test.


The separate identity of Kashmiriyat was the cause that people of Jammu and Kashmir found themselves in dilemma when around 563 princely states decided their future by joining either India or Pakistan on August 1947. Whereas, the lack of consensus within Kashmir Valley to decide between the religious and regional identity became the cause of war between India and Pakistan, generally name as First Kashmir War of 1948. The part of Jammu and Kashmir territory which made accession to Indian union acquired a special status within Indian union after deliberate discourse and debate on the center state relations in the constitutional assembly of India. And a democratic mechanism was devised to make balance between the universal values of liberty, democracy and national integration on the one side and identity and difference on the other side. But procedural arrangement did not last for long and institution of self-governance was unilaterally abrogated by central government. While the people of state particularly people of Kashmir valley resisted this move and separated themselves from mainstream politics. The paper aims at to understand the historical discourse between national majority and Kashmir identity, which was mostly represented by the Muslim dominant Kashmir valley. While Hindu minority of the state was majority at national level, as such they were culturally comfortable and became the active participants of mainstream politics. Like rest of India, they supported the idea of total integration of the state with the Indian Union. While Ladakh region was neutral initially, later shift the demand for a union territory status within Indian union.


This paper is on the relation between jihad and terrorism in the Islamic fundamentalism. Since September 11th, the nation's press, too, has made exclusive coverage of the attack and we have become more familiar with many relevant terms, one of which is Islamic fundamentalism. Radical Islamic fundamentalism is inherently militant in nature and poses a threat to the new world order that emphasizes democratic values, particularly after the establishment of the Afghan Taliban. Some Western observers, including policy makers, regard Islamic fundamentalism as a more dangerous ideology and political movement than communism after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Radical Islamic fundamentalist groups launched a fierce war against established authority through terrorist means such as kidnapping, assassination, and bombing. They not only attacked government officials and buildings, but also kidnapped and assassinated foreign travelers, journalists, and diplomats. Many Western politicians and scholars regard Islamic fundamentalism as a new global threat. The war between communism and the West has been replaced by a new war between the West and Islamic fundamentalists. The concept of jihad has contemporary relevance as a defensive principle working for human freedom. Jihad can legitimately be employed for throwing off a foreign yoke-the principle of self-determination that modern international law endorses. We need to bear in mind that interpretations of terms vary according to nations. In this case, terrorism, from the viewpoint of minority ethnic groups or people from the Third World, is the fight for liberation and freedom. In the same vein, a terrorist is a patriot and hero. In Arab and Muslim countries, too, the struggle for liberation is not an act of terrorism but is jihad, holy war, and terrorists are regarded as champions of freedom. In many cases, terrorism is viewed more as an act of violence, not a political act, in that it targets innocent civilians and involves indiscriminate attacks. Moreover, even if the objectives of terrorism are justified, it is a criminal act since it does not abide by legal procedures. How future events unfold, particularly the future course of the Islamic fundamentalism, jihad, and terrorism, greatly hinges on the U.S. administration's Middle East policy. I have one more suggestion: that the U.S. divert part of the huge amount earned by exporting military weapons to the Middle East region to raising living standards in those regions. This will put an end to the war against terrorism and thus bring everlasting peace around the world.


Based on the brief introduction of power industry of Brazil,the paper analyzes the background of electricity sector reform,the legal framework of reform and the mode of power market in Brazil. At the end of the paper,the related suggestions to our country from Brazil reform are proposed.


Human program death receptor 1 (hPD-1) the ligand (hPD-L1 or hPD-L2) antibodies and their variable region sequences to block the binding of are disclosed. Increase the activity of the immune response through PD-1 pathway (or to reduce its downregulation) methods are also disclosed. Antibody or antibody fragment of the present invention in any embodiment, the variants include conservatively modified amino acid substitutions to the human heavy chain constant region or 20, and / or to the human light chain constant region or 20 conservatively modified variants containing amino acid substitutions, may include.


ABSTRACT Changes in the fatty acid composition of 13 bled and blast-frozen U.S. West Coast albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) were determined following custom-canning and 5 weeks of canned storage. In accordance with typical custom-canning procedures, no additional packing materials were used, and the product did not undergo a precooking step. Raw albacore tuna was found to be rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), with an average of 9.1% (% wt of total fatty acids) EPA and 33.8% DHA. Canning and short-term storage did not cause major fluctuations in the fatty acid profiles of the albacore tuna, with no significant changes in the total fractions of saturated fatty acids (30–31%), monounsaturated fatty acids (19%), PUFAs (50%), or n-3 PUFAs (46–47%). On a tissue weight basis, U.S. West Coast albacore tuna was found to contain high levels of total n-3 PUFAs, with 3.3 g/100 g tissue in raw tuna and 4.0–4.1 g/100 g tissue in products that were canned and stored for 5 weeks.


It is proposed that chitosan(CTS)-curcumin(CU) may be a new fluorimetric probe to determine the concentration of DNA.Experiments indicate that in the pH2.90 Glycine-HCl buffer solution,the fluorescence intensity of curcumin(CU) can be highly enhanced by DNA in the presence of chitosan(CTS),and the enhanced intensities of fluorescence are quantitatively in proportion to the concentrations of DNA in a certain range.Under the optimum conditions,the detection limits(S/N=3) are 7.20×10-9 g/mL and 3.60×10-9 g/mL.Resonance light scattering,ultraviolet and other means are used to discuss its mechanism.


Islam is a religion that upholds the dignity of a woman. Women in Islam have equal status with men. In the Qur'an there are many verses that mention that a woman has the same rights and obligations as men. Included in this are the rights issue became a subject in a divorce. Although not an independent force in the establishment of a decision, but Islam does not necessarily vote a mistake. The presence of the khul'a theory actually support the woman's human freedom. By submitting a number of property as a ransom request, khul'a be something that should be taken into account before a woman actually execute it. However, unlike the case with ar-Rozi stating that it is not always khul'a filed by submitting iwadl. According to his view that interpretation of Surat Al-Baqarah verse 229 as the khul'a primary basis  must be juxtaposed with the interpretation of two verses were: surah Al-Nisa verse 4 and 128. These two verses are stressing about the condition of women who must submit iwadl if he filed khul'a. From here it becomes clear that Islam has always put the balance of rights between men and women.


Background Beginning January 26th, 2022, the National Board of Medical Examiners transitioned scoring of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 from a 3-digit score to pass/fail. In the past, the Step 1 score has been weighted heavily by program directors (PDs) as one of the most important metrics when assessing medical student's competitiveness. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of emergency medicine (EM) PDs on the transition to a pass/fail USMLE Step 1 exam, and to elicit the opinions of EM PDs on the USMLE examinations' ability to predict resident performance. Methods A survey consisting of ranking and multiple-choice questions was sent to EM PDs. The multiple-choice questions were asked to determine EM PDs level of confidence in the ability of Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) to predict a student's ability to succeed in residency. The ranking questions focused on assessing each program's current resident selection practices in comparison to expected selection criteria changes following a transition to pass/fail Step 1. R studio and MATLAB were used for statistical analysis, and a P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results The survey was completed by 57 (20.21%) EM PDs. When asked if Step 1 and Step 2 CK are accurate predictors of a resident's ability to perform clinically within EM, only 10.5% of PDs answered 'yes' to Step 1 being predictive, compared to 31.6% for Step 2 CK. Regarding selection criteria, the top quartile of attributes (standardized letters of evaluation [1st], away rotations [2nd], clerkship grades [3rd] and Step 2 CK score [4th]) remained the same following the transition. Conclusion Our results indicate that the top quartile of attributes might remain the same, despite most PDs agreeing that Step 2 CK is a better predictor of a resident's performance.


On the basis of standard wavelength conversion by the use of angular phase matching of nonlinear optical crystals arranged in free space, applicable to a wide range of wavelengths and laser intensities, we both numerically and experimentally present an optimal design for achieving near-full energy conversion while maintaining good single-mode properties of fundamental laser radiation in the nanosecond regime.


Research groups have been interested in measuring waves at some distance from shore. In order that this work might be furthered with minimum loss of time in securing data, we have developed a set of instruments capable of recording waves in depths of water to 150 feet. The actual recording takes place on shore and the pressure pick-up unit is connected by cable. The installation is self-powered and can operate continuously or be set to record for fixed periods without attention. The principal parts of the underwater unit are shown in FIGURK 1. This assembly is approximately 18 inches high and the pressure responsive element is the bellows A, in the upper part of the unit. As this is intended to perform under a static pressure of approximately 100 feet of water, it is held in extension by a comparatively stiff spring B. Bellows A forms a closed air path with another (bellows D), which is directly underneath it in the drawing. The second bellows is a relatively weak structure and will reproduce the motions of the first bellows. It can be seen that if a great difference in static pressures occurs, the lower bellows will be forced to the length of its travel. Compensation for changes in static depth and for tides is accomplished by installing a capillary tubing, C, to connect the air inside the bellows to the chamber immediately surrounding the bellows. This consists of a 6-foot length of copper tubing with a bore of approximately 17-thousandths of an inch. The actuating rod from bellows D is connected to move a coil of wire, E, a t the lower end of the unit. This coil of wire is placed in a very strong magnetic field and small movements of the coil produce a voltage proportional to the speed of movement of the coil. These voltages would be the first derivative of the displacement taking place. However, it will be shown that the actual displacement is recorded. A twoconductor cable emerges from the unit and is connected to the recorder located on shore. The principle of the electrical recording element is merely a description of a commercial fluxmeter galvanometer'. This is a taut suspension galvanometer which has a small magnet attached to the lower end of the galvanometer coil. The orientation of this small magnet is to oppose the flux leakage caused by the main magnetic assembly. As a signal is applied to the galvanometer, it tends to rotate the coil. In the usual galvanometer, the torque of the suspension will cause an equilibrium position for a given


his hymns are to be seen as part of a project of 'consolidation culturelle' offering the Greeks of Alexandria the security of knowledge of their religious and cultural heritage. It is to that project that we can trace the explicitness and richness of Callimachus' references to cultic practice from all over the Greek world; Callimachus though V.R. does not quite put it like this turns the local (an Argive washing cult of Athena, the myriad myths and cults of Artemis that fill the second half of her hymn, etc) into the panhellenic by giving his readers a new cultural stake in its preservation. The principal theme of V.R.'s discussion of Callimachus is the new emphasis on 'erudition', visible (for example) in the focus on geographical names and aetiologies rather the aetiologies for cultic epithets familiar from the Homeric Hymns. A passage such as Hymn to Delos 82-5 a kind of learned footnote in which the poetic voice urgently questions the Muses on a matter which does not seem very relevant to the narrative in hand, but one on which there was a rich poetic vein of poetic and mythological lore is for V.R. emblematic of the Callimachean hymnal style (cf. already, P. Bing, The Well-Read Muse, 40-4); her discussion, however, of the relationship between this passage and Ap. Rhod. Arg. 2.476-80 (the crime of Paraibios' father) is a good illustration of the difficulties of intertextual arguments in such contexts. V.R. (239) claims that Callimachus here alludes to the Argonautica; Apollonius indeed leaves his readers in no doubt as to how they are to etymologize 'Aua8p\xx<; (cf. 2.479-80), but V.R. does not even mention the most striking similarity between the passages (the phrase bpvc, fiA.î , which really is striking, pace Wilamowitz, Hellenistische Dichtung, 2.67) nor the need to bring the Hymn to Demeter into the equation. Callimachus' use of 8pt>e<; more likely goes back to Horn. Hymn to Aphrodite 264 than to Apollonius. 1 think, in fact, that it is fair to say that V.R. is a safer guide on 'the big picture' than on textual analysis at the micro-level. The big picture is, however, something to which those interested in Callimachus have not always paid sufficient attention, and V.R.'s book deserves a warm welcome.


Frederick Chabod, Alphons Dupront, Denis de Rougement, Jurgen Fischer and other historiansi who have studied changes in European consciousness and the concept of Europe, based their works almost exclusively on French, English, Italian or German sources, that is, on documents coming from the western part of this continent. So far nobody has attempted to study the attitude of east European countries to these problems. Among the latter states Poland occupied a special position as in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries she stood at the periphery of Europe (as the latter was understood in those days), in the immediate neighbourhood of the Islamic world. She belonged to those states which were considered then 'the bulwark of Christendom', and we have to bear in mind that Europe was conceived at that time as the community of Christian states. A belief that European nations are generally speaking dedicated adherents of the ideals of freedom while Asia is the land of despotism and slavery, was considered, along with the Christian faith, to be one of the oldest proofs of the separate character of this continent. This antithesis had already emerged during the Persian wars and was revived in the fifteenth-seventeenth centuries at the time of wars against the Turkish empire, when Asiatic barbarism was readily contrasted in


Critical review of statements put forward by Ringwood about the origin of the moon. The composition of the lunar basalts is discussed, and it is shown that many theories for the origin of the moon can explain this composition satisfactorily. It is pointed out that the closeness of the relationship between Martian basalts and earth basalts is a matter of opinion, and that the major geochemical features that must be explained are certainly the low iron content in the moon and the depletion of volatiles. The manner in which various hypotheses of lunar origin deal with this explanation is examined.


The current forefront of research in medical imaging technology includes working towards the combination of multiple imaging modalities into a single scan. SPECT is an imaging modality that would benefit from a combined approach with MRI allowing for improved diagnostic capabilities particularly in soft tissue regions. However, the traditional detectors used in SPECT are not capable of operating in the presence of an MRI magnetic field. This has led to the requirement for development of new gamma camera designs using modern solid state detectors. We have developed the hardware and software for a gamma camera design using cadmium zinc telluride detector technology. The camera will be used in a SPECT system being made up of multiple individual gamma camera modules. These modules will be placed in a ring that can be inserted into the MRI bore as a stationary insert for simultaneous SPECT/MR imaging. Testing of the mutual compatibility of the two systems has led to the development of a gradient triggering hardware and software protocol. Subsequent testing of this method in a clinical 3T MR was performed. When gradient triggering was enabled, erroneous event data from the mutual interference was reduced to near zero levels and resultant images show no structural differences when compared to control acquisitions. During gradient application, the CZT modules are suspended, thus yielding a 60% drop in sensitivity due to the additional deadtime of the triggering. The produced MR image showed a reduction in SNR of 92%. Co-registration of the MR and gamma camera images was successfully performed, showing both the physical structural and radioactive activity distribution of the phantom. Additionally, the potential of a diverging fan beam collimator for use in the multimodal SPECT/MR system was investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. Eleven collimator designs were compared, yielding between 13 to 23 modules per ring. The results showed that a practical SPECT/MR design using 18 detectors per ring with a 3.83


A case of onychomycosis caused by Microsporum canis in a 75‐year‐old woman is presented. Clinically, the left great toe‐nail was thickened, friable and cracked, some subungual debris was present and a brownish discoloration was present over the nail plate. Microscopic examination of the nail revealed hyphal fragments, eroding fronds and perforating organs and M. canis was isolated on two separate occasions. A study of the literature has not revealed any previous case of M. canis onychomycosis reported in Australia.


A yield prediction model with a corresponding cost of the ownership (CoO) and turn-around-time (TAT) analysis is studied on imec's advanced technology nodes that include EUV and high NA EUV lithography. It also captures device variations from FinFET to CFET. Using modeled die-yield and the cost-of-ownership (CoO) for imec advanced technology nodes including N2, A14, A10, A7 to A5 technology nodes, we show there is a clear correlation trend in choosing a process technology. A precise methodology that can co-model the turn-around-time (TAT) which is inseparable in evaluating the manufacturability is also provided. As a conclusion, node-to-node scalability is proven to be a function of the manufacturability which will be represented to the yield, CoO and TAT metric, not just a function of the patterning complexity or photolithographic resolution that the industry is mainly chasing after.


A model compound for purely organic ferrimagnets has been studied by single-crystal cw-ESR spectroscopy. A heterospin system under study is composed of two kinds of nitronylnitroxide molecules with...


— Buying and selling is mu'awadhah contract. The contract is carried out by the two parties, in which the first party and second party deliver the goods handed over in return, either in the form of money or goods. Where buying and selling online can streamline and streamline time so that one can make buying and selling with every person anywhere and anytime. All buying and selling over the internet is done without any face-to-face between his party, they base their buying and selling the above sense of trust with each other, so that the purchase agreement between the parties that occurred was done electronically. Based on the foundation of the rule Fiqih the buying and selling via online (internet) it is allowed, and valid, unless it is casuistry irregularities, manipulation, fraud and the like, it is also legal casuistry applied, which is forbidden. In the problem of buying and selling online, fiqh considers that the buying and selling in cyberspace allowed because mashlahah. Mashlahah is a benefit and harm refuse in order to maintain the goal of Personality. When e-commerce was seen as the withdrawal of trade in Islam, it may be analogous to that first seller is a merchant (Internet Service Provider or ISP), whereas buyers fondly called customer. Second, the object is to offer goods and services (such as the ordering as-salam) with a variety of information, profile, price list, seen pictures of goods, as well as the official company. And third, sighat (consent-qabul) performed with the payment gateway system or software support (authorities and monitors) for the acquirer, as well as useful for the onlin e service.


Abstract Existing devices for generating electrical power from water vapor in ambient air require high levels of relative humidity (RH), cannot operate for prolonged periods, and provide insufficient output for most practical applications. Here a heterogeneous moisture‐driven electrical power generator (MODEG) is developed in the form of a free‐standing bilayer of polyelectrolyte films, one consisting of a hygroscopic matrix of graphene oxide(GO)/polyaniline(PANI) [(GO)PANI] and the other consisting of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)‐modified fluorinated Nafion (F‐Nafion (PDDA)). One MODEG unit (1 cm2) can deliver a stable open‐circuit output of 0.9 V at 8 µA for more than 10 h with a matching external load. The device works over a wide range of temperature (−20 to +50 °C) and relative humidity (30% to 95% RH). It is shown that series and parallel combinations of MODEG units can directly supply sufficient power to drive commercial electronic devices such as light bulbs, supercapacitors, circuit boards, and screen displays. The (GO)PANI:F‐Nafion (PDDA) hybrid film is embedded in a mask to harvest the energy from exhaled water vapor in human breath under real‐life conditions. The device could consistently generate 450–600 mV during usual breathing, and provides sufficient power to drive medical devices, wearables, and emergency communication.


In this paper, we discuss the existence of multiple positive solutions for the fourth-order boundary value problem (BVP) u(4)(t) + βu′′(t) = f (t, u(t)), 0 < t < 1, u(0) = u(1) = u′′(0) = u′′(1) = 0, where f : [0, 1] × [0,∞) → [0,∞) is continuous and β < π2. Existence is established via the theory of fixed point index in cones. Mathematics subject classification (2000): 34B15.


Abstract : This head movement study was conducted to measure pilot head rotational movements during contour flights. The head movement data were collected from five subjects as each flew a modified UH-1M over a 15-mile contour course. The subject pilots also were required to visually search for an 'enemy' aircraft while flying the contour course. A helmet-mounted sight was used to measure the pilots' head movements. The head position data indicate the pilots looked forward most of the time, even though the scenario required a broad range of head movements. The data also suggest pure head-neck movements without torso participation. The head velocity data indicate symmetrical azimuth and elevation head movement components. Approximately 97 percent of the head movements were equal to or less than 120 deg/sec, although some movements exceeded 200 deg/sec. Keywords: Visually coupled system; Pilot flight data.


This article describes a method for computing approximate equilibria for stochastic dynamic economies. The method is of general interest because it allows straightforward computation of equilibria in a wide class of economies in which equilibrium is not Pareto optimal. The chief idea is to focus on the Euler equations that characterize equilibrium behavior. Our approach computes approximations to equilibrium decision rules. This approach is "exact" in the sense that our approximate decision rules converge to the true decision rules as the grid over which we compute the decision rules becomes arbitrarily fine.


In this paper, electrical characteristics of a phenyl dithiol molecule bridging between two electrodes of Pt are calculated and compared with a single molecule bridging between two electrodes of Au. The metal electrodes holding the same molecule have different transmission profiles, thereby leading to varying I–V characteristics. We use a simple model to analysis the I–V characteristic and investigate that the molecule with pt electrodes has higher current than that of with Au.


Most of the examples of XVI century panel paintings preserved in Mexico, are located in Retablos (altar pieces) of Dominican and Franciscan convents situated in rural areas. The study of these paintings implies the impossibility to remove the paintings from their original support. In situ analysis is required, non-destructive studies are preferred in order to have a global comprehension of the object, as well as to carry out a limited sampling and to avoid further damage of the paintings. In order to establish a non-destructive methodology for material analysis our project has reproduced XVI century paintings following recipes from treatises and documentation of Italian, Spanish, and Flemish Schools. The reproductions considered: 1) Preparation of pigments, binders, grounds, and supports; 2) Fabrication of oil colours with the prepared pigments and binders; 3) Creation of material reference standards (with fills and one colour, i.e. reds: minium, hematite, kermes lake, etc.); 4) Recreation of paintings (using designs, and colour combinations as expected in an original work of art); 5) Creation of data bases with the analytical results of the analyzed standards (IR reflectography, UV imaging and UV-VIS-IR, X-ray Fluorescence, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies). 6) Comparative analysis of the reference standards with original panel paintings from museum collections to evaluate the sensitivity and performance of our methodology. In this work, the main results of our first year of research are presented. This research is supported by PAPIIT –UNAM research grant IN-40200 and partially by CONACyT grant U49839-R.. INTRODUCTION A few exceptional retablos (altarpieces) have survived in the territory that once pertained to the domains of New Spain. They exemplify the artistic production of late Renaissance period, on the last third of the sixteenth century in New Spain. Some, like the one from the Franciscan church at the convent of Huejotzingo, Puebla, maintain their original form and placement. Unfortunately, most of them are fragmented and the panel paintings that once where part of their composition, are now isolated in temples, museums, or private collections. The study of this kind of objects implies the necessity to establish relationships between paintings in order to propose reconstructive hypothesis that may help to build up the puzzle of the retablo production of the first century of the viceroyalty, and thus be able to contribute on the understanding of their overall meaning. The present study is centred in retablo and panel painting production of two artists: Andrés de Concha and Simón Pereyns. Examples of their work may be seen today in the states of Puebla and Oaxaca, and in Mexico City. The Flemish Simón Pereyns arrived to America in 1566 as part of viceroy Gastón de Peralta retinue. Andrés de Concha arrived to New Spain in 1568 from Sevilla, and was contracted to build the retablo from the church of Yanhuitlán, in Oaxaca. These painters associated to create at least three different retablos. The legal contract for the construction of the mentioned altar of Huejotzingo states the conditions of the construction and elaboration of the paintings, a literal quote from the document says that, 1 9th International Conference on NDT of Art, Jerusalem Israel, 25-30 May 2008 For more papers of this publication click: www.ndt.net/search/docs.php3?MainSource=65


Objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of cattle breed (Holstein vs Angus × Holstein) on growth performance, energetic efficiency, and carcass characteristics of calf-fed steers. Eighty Holstein (HOL), initial body weight (IBW) of 128.7 ± 3 kg, and 80 Angus × Holstein cross (CROS) with IBW of 127.1 ± 3 kg, were blocked by IBW and randomly assigned to 40 pens (4 steers/pen; 20 pens per breed). All steers were fed a similar steam-flaked corn-based diet (63.5% steam-flaked corn, 12.0% hay, 17.5% of dry distillers grains with solubles, 4.0% cane molasses, and 3.0% vitamin/mineral supplement). All cattle were slaughtered after 328 days of feeding. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.13) of cattle breed on final body weight (615 ± 22 kg) and overall average daily gain (1.48 ± 0.07 kg/day). However, calf-fed HOL steers had greater (P = 0.04) overall dry matter intake compared with calf-fed CROS steers (8.06 vs. 7.79 ± 0.39 kg/day; respectively). Therefore, calf fed CROS steers had greater (P ≤ 0.01) grain to feed ratio compared with calf-fed HOL steers (0.192 vs. 0.182 ± 0.005; respectively). Moreover, calf-fed CROS steers had greater (P < 0.01) utilization of dietary net energy for maintenance (2.29 vs. 2.29 ± 0.06 Mcal/kg; respectively) and gain (1.51 vs 1.61 ± 0.06 Mcal/kg; respectively) compared with calf-fed HOL steers. Calf-fed CROS steers had greater (P ≤ 0.02) hot carcass weight (HCW; 386.3 vs. 375.2 ± 14.7 kg; respectively), dressing percentage (DP; 62.3 vs. 61.4 ± 1.05%; respectively), longissimus muscle area (LMA; 86.9 vs. 79.1 ± 4.83 cm2; respectively), backfat thickness (0.89 vs. 0.55 ± 0.12; respectively), and marbling score (538 vs. 449 ± 48; respectively). However, there was no effect (P = 0.26) of cattle breed on calculated USDA yield grade (2.94 ± 0.24). Moreover, there was no effect (P = 0.39) of cattle breed on incidence of liver abscesses. Therefore, cross breeding calf-fed Angus × Holstein increased HCW, DP, LMA, and marbling compared with purebred calf-fed Holstein steers. Moreover, regardless of cattle breed, calf-fed steers in the current study had only 3.75% of liver with abscess.


Neurofibromin, the NF1 protein product, functions as a tumor suppressor through negative regulation of the Ras signal transduction pathway. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant condition due to NF1 haploinsufficiency in conjunction with double inactivation in tissue. Several other clinical syndromes have been delineated with overlapping phenotypes of NF1. The overlapping clinical phenotype in many of these syndromes has led to the identification of disease-causing mutations in genes within the Ras signal transduction pathway.


The developing of Management Information System is usually based on a certain unit or organization. The developing of general Management Information System will be an effective method to solve the problem that the system does not adapt to demand for the business development and decision science of the unit or organization. The component technique is based on the OOT. Using the component technique and the software developing method of prototype, the developing model of general MIS is advanced and the system aim and system analyses are included. As an example of system integration, the design and implementation of its Dynamic Creating Table modular component class are covered.


TiO2 photocatalyst has been shown to effectively decompose various pollutants in gaseous or aqueous phases. The major defect of TiO2, however, appears to be the large bandgap energy of 3.2 eV that makes the TiO 2 only being excited by UV light. Furthermore, the manufacturing process of TiO2 strongly influences the purity and surface properties of resulting nanoparticles which subsequently affect the characteristics of TiO2 photocatalytic reactions. Therefore, there is a need to produce visiblelight photocatalyst via novel processes. In this study, nitrogen� doped TiO2 (i.e., TiO2�XNX) nanopowders, which have been recognized as effective photocatalysts for band gap narrowing, were synthesized using a transferred DC plasma torch as the heating source. The TiO2�XNX nanopowders were formed via a singlestep thermal process. The formed TiO2�XNX samples were characterized with TEM, XRD and UVVis. The experimental results indicated that the formed TiO2�XNX nanopowders had a particle size within 5-20 nm. Furthermore, the formed nanopowders were a mixture of the anatase and rutile phase. An evident redshift in wavelength absorption was also observed. These results revealed that the proposed thermal plasma method successfully fabricated Ndoped TiO 2 in a singlestep process.


Lutidine-derived bis-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ruthenium CNC–pincer complexes (Ru-CNC's) were prepared. Depending on the synthetic procedure, normal (1, 2) or mixed normal/abnormal NHC-complexes (3) are formed. In the presence of phosphazene base, Ru-CNC complexes activate nitriles to give ketimino compounds 4–6. Nitrile adduct 4 shows reactivity toward strong bases to yield dearomatized complex 7, which heterolytically activates H2 to form the bis-hydrido complex 8. Finally, these Ru-CNC's are active in catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to formate salts, and unlike the phosphine-containing Ru-PNP counterpart, they also catalyze the selective hydrogenation of esters to alcohols.


Abstract : This is a technical appendix to Human Engineering Report SPECDEVCEN 495-01-4, Training 90 MM AA Gun Crews. It contains a recommended program for advanced individual training in antiaircraft artillery. (Author)


Objective To evaluate the effects of Ginkgo biloba on cardiopulmonary function in patients with pulmonary heart disease during heart attack.Methods 150 patients involved in this study were randomly allocated to two groups,the therapeutic group with 55 cases,and the control group with 50 cases.The two groups received the same conventional therapy,besides these,patients in the therapeutic group were given Ginkgo biloba 1.14mg/kg,three times per day,four weeks for one cycle,the therapy lasted for 2~3 cycles.At the end of treatment,the cardiopulmonary function in the two groups were measured.Results In the therapeutic group after treatment,the elevated cardiac output,heart index,and ejection fraction,FEV1.0,PEFR,MVV were found,compared to before treatment,there were statistically significant differences(P0.01),compared to the control group,there were statistically significant differences(P0.01).Conclusion Ginkgo biloba in combination with conventional therapy is effective for improving the cardiopulmonary function in patients with pulmonary heart disease during acute attack.


This is a critical reading of Lanark: a Life in Four Books, a novel by the Scottish writer Alasdair Gray (b. 1934), whose talent and style provide a fitting example of Scotland's contemporary literature. The aim of this investigation is to determine the role played by Gray's production in the literary, cultural and sociopolitical spheres of present-day Scottish life. In his blending of fiction and metafiction, of art and autobiography, the author faces the paradoxes involved in the attempt to stress the marks of a national identity. Gray's work cannot be considered without recognizing that his literature is both local and universal. It belongs to the Scottish cosmos which is highlighted by cultural struggles as well as it is dominant, once it is carried out in English reaching readers all over the world from within the limits and format determined by the English Language. That is one of the reasons why this research aims to shed light on the current Scottish literary scene, attempting to fill an existing gap in the Brazilian academic curriculum respecting the treatment and approach of Literatures produced in English in our undergraduate and graduate courses. The dissertation is divided into three parts. The first contextualizes Gray in Scotland's literature in its relation to the formation, ratification and revaluation of the concept of a sense of national identity as observed diachronically, throughout the period between 1940s and 1970s. The second section focuses on the new looks at Scotland's cultural scenario by a distinguished group of writers burst with style, history and post-devolution vision, the New Scottish Writers. Gray's strategies to deal with a fictional and biographical context in Lanark and his reflection upon world's nature and worth are of great importance for this work. By the reading of Linda Hutcheon's understanding on historiographic metafiction, intertextuality, parody and irony in postmodernism, I attempt to frame in Chapter Three the literary maneuvers Gray makes in using such textual resources in his novel. I hope that the result of this doctoral thesis may be useful both as a reflection upon the present state of the discussion about Scotland's postmodern literature, and as a means of making the Brazilian academic readers more familiar with the work of Alasdair Gray.


By taking into account the possibility of all the intralayer as well as the interlayer current orderings, we derive an eight-band model for interacting electrons in bilayer graphene. With the numerical solution to the model, we show that only the current orderings between the same sublattice sites can exist within the range of the physical interacting strength. This result confirms our previous model of spin-polarized-current phase for the ground-state of interacting electrons in bilayer graphene that resolves a number of experimental puzzles.


A brief introduction about 19th
century and early 20th century Illinois women in the arts and entertainment fields,
including circus performers, singers, etc. Links are provided to the following
women: Emma Abbott, Peoria's most famous singer; Bessie Coleman, pilot,
barnstormer, and stunt flyer; Sarah Marshall Hayden, novelist; Linda Jeal, circus
performer; Marie Litta, Bloomington Opera singer; Julia Lowande, circus
performer; Lena Doolin Mason, poet; and Jennie Ward, circus performer.


For some three decades, Paul Giles has been helping us think otherwise about literary geographies, histories, and canons. His scholarship on the transatlantic, transnational, and global interconnections of literary culture, ranging from the eighteenth century to the present, has profoundly reshaped the discipline. Always challenging conventional wisdom and armed with an impressively vast archive of primary source material, Giles's work consistently expands the scope and scale of contemporary cultural analysis.


There are several materials which have negative effect on the genetic material. Scientific studies in many well - known universities all over the world confirm that water pollutants are one of the materials which have great impact on the DNA. This study aimed to clarify the effect of environmental pollution on some genetic processes of Rat. The study include t hree groups, the first one is the control group which treated with tap water, the second group treated with cyclophosphomide in single acute dose ( 20 mg/kg ) , and the last one treated with industrial waste water collected from Hilla fabric factory . Chromosomal aberrations we re used as an index to evaluate the relationship between the genetic processes and water pollution. The results clearly shows the significance increase in both structural and numerical chromosomes, there is a significance increase in Chromosome break, ane uploidy, Analytical chromosome, chromosome breakage, and Ring chromosome. The industrial water pollutant show a high increase in the acceptable limits set by WHO. This increase has a great effect on chromosome aberrations both structural and numerical. The predominant types of aberrations by exposure to industrial pollution were centromeric attenuation, break and ring, gap and end to end association.


The use of hierarchical Bayesian models in statistical practice is extensive, yet it is dangerous to implement the Gibbs sampler without checking that the posterior is proper. Formal approaches to objective Bayesian analysis, such as the Jeffreys-rule approach or reference prior approach, are only implementable in simple hierarchical settings. In this paper, we consider a 4-level multivariate normal hierarchical model. We demonstrate the posterior using our recommended prior which is proper in the 4-level normal hierarchical models. A primary advantage of the recommended prior over other proposed objective priors is that it can be used at any level of a hierarchical model.


The development of a parking plan for a relocated airport requires detailed documentation of parking demand forecasts, capacity assessment, revenues, and capital expenditures. These tasks are heavily dependent on characteristics of the access trip to the airport. Parking capacity requirements are estimated via passenger classification and discrete choice modeling at the existing airport. Both are conducted via passenger and parking survey studies specifically designed for this purpose. The resulting models are then used to forecast the short-term and long-term parking supply for the relocated airport by proper adjustment of the attribute values. The method is applied to the new Athens International Airport.


The cumulative incidence of brain metastases in breast cancer (BCBM) is 5%-10% and has increased in recent years. Metastasectomy rates for BCBM have accordingly increased with improvements in perioperative and long-term outcomes. Receptor status is a crucial determinant of management and prognosis in breast cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer has a worse prognosis than estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive disease after BCBM. HER2 positive disease more commonly metastasises to the brain and this may be related to the inability for trastuzumab to cross the blood-brain-barrier. However, few studies compare the receptor status of the primary tumor with that of the BCBM, because the most report on a range of organs with the brain being least accessible to tissue diagnosis. This is important because discordance in receptor status is common and informsmanagement. Discordance refers to disagreement in receptor status between the primary and metastasis. Increased metastasectomy rates over the past decade have provided an opportunity to study this phenomenon. A total of 49 women with previous breast cancer underwent resection of a BCBM between January 2011 and December 2015 in Beaumont Hospital. All tissue was reviewed by a consultant neuropathologist. Data were collected from the National Cancer Registry and patient records. Beaumont Research Ethics Committee granted ethical approval (ref-16/80). K-values represented concordance, where k = 1 was perfectly concordant. Kaplan-Meier, log-rank tests, and cox multiple regression analyses determined differences in survival. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 22. 2 | BREAST CANCER


The etiology of periodontal disease is multifactorial; however, studies show gram-negative microorganisms on subgingival plaque biofilms and host response, play important roles in initiation and progression of periodontitis. Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-1) is one of the pathogenic enzymes responsible for collagen and other protein degradation in periodontitis. The purpose of this research is to assess the effects of scaling and root planing on MMP-1 gene expression and how these processes correlate with other selected clinical parameters. We used quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) to compare the transcription level of MMP-1, before and after treatment of patients with periodontitis (n=6). Clinical data (pocket depth, bleeding index, and clinical attachment loss) were collected. There was no significant difference on mRNA expression of MMP-1 before and after scaling and root planing (p≥0.05). The transcription level of MMP-1 and pocket depth before treatment were significantly correlated (p < 0.05); however, other variables had no significant correlation. As initial therapy, scaling and root planing effectively reduces pocket depth in patients with chronic periodontitis and pocket depths of 4–6 mm. However, MMP-1 expression could not be used as a clinical biomarker for evaluating scaling and root planing. Therefore, further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2019; 12(2): 612-616)


Editor's Note: The list which follows consists of two parts: (1) Inedit ed plays, masks, etc., in print or manuscript, and (2) dramatic writings not edited for publication since the nineteenth century. In botto sections I have arranged the material alphabetically, and for each entry I have provided the date under which it is listed by Alfred Harbage in his Annals of English Drama (Philadelphia, 1940). For manuscript plays I have given locations and catalogue numbers j for printed plays, the numbers designated in W. W. Greg's A Bibliography of the English Printed Drama to the Restoration (London, 1939-51)» Vols. I and II (cited in this compilation as Greg) . Latin works are followed by the initial L in parentheses: (L) . Plays which have been the subjects of unpublished dissertation editions mentioned try G, E. Bentley, The Jacobean and Caroline Stage (Oxford, I956), Vols. III-V, are followed by an asterisk (*) • For plays in Section II, I give in brackets the year of the most recent edition. I have made some silent corrections of material in the Annals, and I have excluded plays edited since the appearance of that volume. Most, but not all, of the information provided in this checklist is accessible in the Annals : still, because it is available thers in scattered form, I have thought that the compilation offered herewith might be of some modest usefulness. It should, of course, be used with caution: Although I have tried to be as careful as possible, there are no doubt errors and oversights, for which I must accept full responsibility. Some of the plays included are now in the process of being edited; -others are available in manuscript dissertations, but belong to the period not covered by Bentley and are therefore not marked with an asterisk,


Stereotypes about scientists are not completely negative and under certain circumstances they may well be considered positive: who does not like to be smart, able to solve crimes with formulas and equations, as in the TV series Numbers, or famous for discoveries that have solved the biggest problems of humankind? The issue is that these stereotypes imply positive qualities that are so extremely positive that they set the bar unrealistically high and can inhibit young people's aspirations to be part of the group. "I am not a genius, I cannot be a researcher", "I am not clever


cultures of 45 previously characterized enterococci (17 E. faecalis, 16 E. faecium and 12 E. spp) were included in the study. All isolates were tested in the Phoenix ™ Automated Microbiology System at an approximate inoculum concentration of 5x10 5 cfu per mL in a cation supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth. Phoenix ™ results were compared to the results with both broth and agar screening tests. The standard broth micro-dilution (SBM) tests were performed per the NCCLS recommended procedures. Agar screen (AD) testing (Enterococcus Screen agar QUAD Plate with streptomycin/gentamicin/vancomycin, BD Biosciences), was performed per the manufacturer's recommendation. Quality control strains with known expected results were run in parallel on all testing. All QC results were as expected. results with a high level of accordance with the NCCLS recommended tests. INTRODUCTION s Enterococci are the cause of many significant infections. They are inherently resistant to many antibiotics, and their susceptibility to cell wall active agents, such as beta-lactams and vancomycin, is reduced. Although enterococci are moderately resistant to aminoglycosides, synergistic combination therapy with a cell wall active agent often provides effective therapy for these infections. When enterococci acquire genes encoding aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes, or mutations resulting in decreased binding (streptomycin), the synergism of aminoglycosides with cell wall active agents is lost. Determination of the high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) status of an enterococcal isolate is needed to determine the best course of antimicrobial chemotherapy. Automated susceptibilty systems currently available, MicroScan (Dade-Behring) and Vitek (BioMerieux), have tests for both high level gentamicin and streptomycin resistance. Generally, these tests perform well with Categorical Agreement at 95 to >99% for gentamicin, and 82 to 98% for streptomycin when compared to reference methods (1, 2, 3). The average time to results for Vitek was 6 h; MicroScan averaged 5 h with a range of 3.5 to 15 h. The objective of this study was to compare the Phoenix


The problem of universals is one of the main philosophical issues. In this book the author reconstructs the history of the problem from Boethius (6th century) to John of Salisbury (12th century), considering a selection of medieval representative texts.


Over the past decade, schools have adopted videos as a medium to augment positive behavior interventions and support (PBIS) programming. This approach engages various stakeholders in the development and use of PBIS videos. Subsequently, most PBIS videos are created based on existing school data (e.g., office discipline referrals) and expectation matrices. However, specifics about video content and creation mediums (e.g., acting, song, poster, pictures) are unknown. Therefore, we identified 238 videos and coded each for the format, type of video, and PBIS elements. We found videos are (a) created using several different mediums and (b) typically intended for students (as well as faculty and staff). We identified strengths (e.g., clear, and positive language) and weaknesses (e.g., lack of closed captioning). We discuss considerations for creating PBIS videos, limitations, and directions for future inquiry.


The translation process of multilingual audiovisual products raises further difficulties to the complexity of those imposed by the audiovisual format. This article approaches the dubbing of multilingual products, an area of knowledge that has not yet received much scholarly attention (Diaz Cintas 2014; Sanz Ortega 2015). The main goal of this study is to analyze the translation strategies which have been implemented in order to deal with multilingualism in two Spanish dubbed versions of Jane the Virgin . In particular, we will analyze the translation strategies that have been used in characters' discourse, text inserts, and songs in two dubbed versions of this product, those intended for the Spanish and the Latin American markets.


Several approaches for utilizing machine learning technologies towards improving the capabilities of autonomous, simulation-based agents are described. For an autonomous agent to be robust, it must be able to plan its activities, react quickly to unforseen events, and execute planned or modified behaviors to achieve goals. Autonomous agents that exhibit appropriate behavior for simulated air combat, providing intelligent, realistic adversaries and cooperative allies, are under development. Building such agents is not trivial, and the techniques of machine learning hold great promise for extending the capabilites of hand-coded systems. The application of some of these techniques, past successes, and current research directions are described.<<ETX>>


Abstract The main problem of constitutional rights to protection stems from the fact that to protect the one side is to interfere with the other. This "dialectic of protection and interference" gives rise to the notion that there can always be only a single correct constitutional solution where both rights – the protective right and the defensive right – have to be optimized according to the rules of proportionality. This, however, would leave no room for the autonomy of parliamentary legislation in all those matters that concern conflicts between defensive and protective rights, conflicts that are everyday fare in every legal system. Overconstitutionalization would then appear to be unavoidable. It is argued that this impression is mistaken. To apply the principle of proportionality at the same time to defensive and to protective rights does not undermine legislative discretion to such a degree that the reproach of overconstitutionalization would be justified. The logical basis of the argument developed here is found in the alternative or disjunctive structure of protective rights in contrast to the conjunctive structure of defensive rights.


The classic city analyses of Mumford (1) and Hall (2) are examples of comprehensive reviews of cities through the ages. Many other works about cities have been written but few convey such authoritative understanding of what cities are or how they work as a whole. However, even these works develop their arguments along lines of urban sectors – e.g. housing, transport, health – and this causes us to consider a city as a collection of systems, each of which has its own set of constraints, challenges and considerations and a set of offerings to the city. Yet living in a city means having to deal with all of these at once. The UK government, for example (but it is not unique in this respect), has no 'ministry for cities' even though 80% of the population lives in them . Instead, cities are left to be dealt with by a combination of their local administration, national sectoral departments such as Health, Transport or Work & Pensions. The Department of Communities and Local Government really exists to pass down to cities requirements on planning and similar matters. Yet a city is really a complex system in which all these subsystems combine dynamically to produce a support mechanism for its population. The fragmentation of government means that many opportunities for realising cross-sectoral benefits are lost in practice.


Most scaling algorithms for scores or marks rely on polynomial functions, often with the mean and variance as reference targets. However, marks should have signalling value to the students about their own individual capabilities, or to the teachers as to the revealed difficulty of the test itself. This suggests a scaling approach based on the entropic information contained in the raw scores. A new scaling algorithm is developed that utilises the locational or partition entropy function. In all cases the median score is the natural pivot, but user preferences as to upper and lower extremes (e.g. A and E boundaries) can be used to adjust scaling parameters. Execution is straightforward in Excel or other generalist computing packages.


airway and the application of positive pressure to the reservoir bag. As saturation started to decrease, a decision was made to re-intubate the trachea. Propofol 150 mg and suxamethonium 100 mg were given, but laryngoscopy revealed massive angio-oedema affecting the tongue, palate and pharynx. Re-intubation was eventually achieved with the use of a long Macintosh blade and bougie. Maximum decrease in saturation was to 88%. Auscultation of the chest revealed good air entry and no wheeze. The patient was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit and his trachea extubated uneventfully 24 h later after examination of the upper airway had shown resolution of the swelling. In a recent review of anaphylaxis, Fisher [I] quotes 502 cases of which 125 developed angio-oedema, in 17 cases this being the worst feature of the reaction. Reactions to radio-opaque contrast media are well recognised and minor reactions occur as frequently as 1 in 15 cases. Severe reactions are rare, being in the order of 1 in 3000; deaths occur in approximately 1 in 55 000 cases [2]. Bronchospasm, cardiac arrythmias and angio-oedema are all well recognised features. The reaction does not appear to be mediated by IgE and therefore falls into the anaphylactoid group of drug reactions. This case is of importance to the anaesthetist, who needs to be aware that not all the features of anaphylaxis resolve over the same time course. Even when all signs of an acute anaphylactic reaction have resolved, angio-oedema may persist and should be specifically excluded before attempts are made to extubate the patient.


This paper address the design of a front end for vehicular communications in the 5.9 GHz frequency band. The front end is being developed in accordance with the IEEE 8022.11p standard, which defines the physical layer for WLAN vehicular communications. Also presented are some simulations results, which demonstrate that 802.11p requirements are met. As the work is ongoing there are no practical results. At this time the development of front end is on the PCB design phase. The front encompasses all circuits between antenna and baseband stage, for transmission and reception. The front end will subsequently be integrated into a laboratory prototype used for demonstration purposes.


Scintillation signals from the radio sources Cyg A and Cass A were taken at 26 MHz on nine evenings in 1971 and 1972 at times of ionospheric modification by a high-powered hf transmitter near Boulder, Colorado. The scintillation character often changes significantly during modification. The artificially produced scintillations are either rapid and random or deep long-period modulation. The random scintillations and ionogram signatures (spread F and wide- band attenuation) are directly correlated with transmitter operation and are interpreted in terms of small irregularities (dimensions of 1 to 4 km), whereas the long-period modulation can be interpreted in terms of large irregularities (dimensions of about 10 to 100 km). Small irregularities are similar to natural ones and require a short time to develop, less than a few seconds, but the large irregularities differ from the natural ones and usually take from 5 to 15 min after transmitter on'' to develop. (auth)


Abstract In the present work, the potential for producing thin walled ductile iron castings with an ausferritic matrix is presented. Experimentally, thin walled iron castings of 2 mm in thickness were obtained and characterised by a nodule count of 1992 mm−2. In addition, a reference casting was produced with a 25 mm thick wall and a nodule count of 330 mm−2. Austenitising was carried out at 920°C, whereas austempering was implemented in the 300–400°C temperature range. The austenitising and austempering transformation rates were determined by dilatometry, and the results were confirmed by microstructural analyses. It was found that in thin walled castings, the austenitising and austempering times were reduced by either one-half or one-third of the ones corresponding to the reference casting. The exhibited mechanical properties of the thin walled castings were also determined as a function of austempering time and temperature. It was found that austempering at 300°C for 1200 s leads to thin walled castings with a tensile strength of 1500 MPa. Accordingly, from this work, it is plausible to produce high strength thin walled castings that satisfy all the ASTM 897M grades of ausferritic ductile iron through proper heat treating.


The sintering below 900"C of NiCuZn ferrite was realized by using Bi2O3 additions. Themechanism of low-temperature sintering was discussed by means of TG,DTA and DDTA. The resultshows the optimum sintering temperature range is 850~ 900℃ and a second phase, Bi36FeZO57formed. The solution of Fe is helpful in both stabilizing cubic structure of r-Bi2O3 and keepingaway from crystal transition during cooling. Bi36Fe2O57 prevents grain growth effectively, so thatthe modification of NiCuZn ferrite can be achieved.


We consider the overdamped motion of a Brownian particle in a potential well and examine the relaxation of its probability distribution. We give a new definition, based on the mean first passage time, for the intrawell relaxation time, which characterizes the relaxation process in the entire well and can be expressed analytically for an arbitrary potential. Further, we show how it can be approximated by other simple quantities in most cases. If the characteristic time scale of some modulation of the potential is much longer than this intrawell relaxation time, the particle's probability distribution can be considered to be adiabatically adjusted to the potential at every instant.


The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) recently sponsored the first of what is expected to be many symposia to be held every couple of years to help new scientists begin their research careers. The inaugural dissertation symposium, Physical Oceanography Dissertation Symposium I (PODS I), provided a forum for new Ph.D.s and doctoral candidates soon to receive their degrees in physical oceanography or a related field, to discuss science and forge future professional relationships. The next symposium is expected to be in October 2003, in Hawaii, in concert with the Dissertation Symposium for Chemical Oceanographers (DISCO); information to be posted at http://spars.aibs.org/pods/. Applications from prospective participants were sought internationally, with the sponsoring agencies and coordinators advertising by e-mail, through personal communication with established researchers, and by informing degree-granting institutions in the related fields.


Using the chlorophyll data from SeaWiFS,a full view of the seasonal variations of the chlorophyll concentration in the surface sea of the Taiwan Strait is presented.The chlorophyll concentration shows a "double-peaks" pattern in the northern Taiwan Strait in spring and autumn.They appeared in the southern Taiwan Strait in summer and autumn.The high chlorophyll concentration is mainly located in sea adjacent to Fujian besides,local features of the high chlorophyll concentration are detected in the Taiwan Bank and the estuary zone northwest of the Taiwan Island.The chlorophyll abundant in the sea adjacent to the Fujian and the estuary zone northwest of the Taiwan Island is presumed to be linked with large amounts of nutrients in the sea due to river transportation.While the high chlorophyll concentration around the Taiwan Bank should have been controlled by the oceanic fronts.Except for the intraseasonal oscillations(81d and 101d),the chlorophyll concentration has also apparent interannual oscillation signal(3 a) which correlates significantly with the ENSO index(-0.28).Further analysis shows that the region-averaged chlorophyll concentration increases gradually at the rate of 0.036 mg/(mc3·a).


WEIL'S disease was common in the trench warfare of the 1914-19~8 war. In civil life it is recognized as an occupational. disease in those trades, such as sewer work, canal work and, in Aberdeen, fish-portering, where contact with rats is common. Outbreaks have occurred in this war in the troops in Northern Ireland. The two cases described came from a Battle Training School in East Anglia. Both soldiers had made frequent use of a swimming pool formed by damming a stream. A mile abuve the dam the stream passed by a farm which was heavily infested with rats. This was undoubtedly the source of infection. Both men were admitted to a Military Hospital on the same day, September 6, 1942.


We consider cosmology in the Einstein-\AE{}ther theory (the generally covariant theory of gravitation coupled to a dynamical timelike Lorentz-violating vector field) with a linear \AE{}-Lagrangian. The $3+1$ spacetime splitting approach is used to derive covariant and gauge invariant perturbation equations which are valid for a general class of Lagrangians. Restricting attention to the parameter space of these theories which is consistent with local gravity experiments, we show that there are tracking behaviors for the \AE{} field, both in the background cosmology and at the linear perturbation level. The primordial power spectrum of scalar perturbations in this model is shown to be the same as that predicted by standard general relativity. However, the power spectrum of tensor perturbation is different from that in general relativity, but has a smaller amplitude and so cannot be detected at present. We also study the implications for late-time cosmology and find that the evolution of photon and neutrino anisotropic stresses can source the \AE{} field perturbation during the radiation and matter dominated epochs, and as a result the CMB and matter power spectra are modified. However, these effects are degenerate with respect to other cosmological parameters, such as neutrino masses and the bias parameter in the observed galaxy spectrum.


Abstract Altimetry data from the first 21-month TOPEX mission (September 1992–June 1994) are analysed to investigate the sea surface height (SSH) fluctuations in the Kuroshio Extension and its southern recirculation gyre regions (25°–40°N, 136°E–180°). To separate the time-dependent (SSH) signals associated with the Kuroshio Extension from those associated with the westward recirculating flows, and to study the energetics of these currents, the author first estimated the mean SSH profiles along individual ground tracks by assuming the velocity profile of the Kuroshio Extension to be Gaussian shaped and by successively fitting the synthetic current's height profile to the time-dependent SSH data. The mean SSH field, including the influence from the recirculating flows, is then derived through the constraint from climatological hydrographic data. During the 21-month period of the TOPEX mission, the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) of the Kuroshio Extension had relatively uniform values during three separate stages...


Over the years, quad-rotor helicopters have generated considerable interest in the community of Intelligent Control. This can be linked to the fact that they are simple in construction and very agile. Control of the vehicle is achieved by varying the lift forces of the four rotors, which depend on the flow conditions around the propellers and the propeller speeds. In this paper, computations performed with an analytical model of the quad-rotor built in Matlab/Simulink are compared with those obtained using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) on a 3-D Solidworks model of the same helicopter. The two are also compared with results from real experiments, with a general agreement between the numerical and experimental results, which can be judged satisfactory. This is enough to validate the use of the simulation results for similar future analysis and prediction of the helicopter movements and effects of wind flow on it.


The crystal growth rates are calculated from the nucleation rate of two-dimensional square shaped nucleus in four different models. In all these models, the growth is initiated by the birth of the critical nuclei. Two limiting values of the lateral spreading velocities perpendicular to the side of the growing island are considered in first two models and finite spreading velocities are treated in other two models.


Breakfast is an important meal. However, available information regarding the impact of this meal on the educational achievement of students is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between educational achievement in relation to eating breakfast and snack among primary school children in the school year 2010-2011. A case-control study was conducted among 100 girls selected through two-stage sampling from primary schools in fourth district of Tehran. Daily breakfast and snack consumption was collected using a questionnaire completed by the children's parents. The scores of major courses were used as measures of educational achievement. 50 children who had the scores of less than 17 were randomly selected as the case group and 50 children with the score of more than 17 as the control group. Moreover, students' height and weight were measured using standard tools. There was no significant difference in average height, weight, place of birth and birth weight between two groups. Our study indicated that children in case group consumed less breakfast and snack compared to control group (P <0/0001). The fathers' job and parents' educational level were significantly different between the two groups (P <0/0001). The findings of the present study show that breakfast and snacks are associated with the educational achievement of students. Therefore, eating breakfast and snack should be recommended by parents and teachers.


Objective :To use Shufeng Liangxue Decoction to treat facial hormone dependence dermatitis,and to observe its clinical therapeutic effect. Methods :70 cases of patients with facial corticosteroid dependent dermatitis were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group received traditional Chinese medicine orally,and the control group were given western medicine allergy treatment. Both two groups were continuously treated for 4 weeks. Results :The comprehensive curative effect and TCM syndrome curative effect in treatment group had significant difference compared with those in the control group(P0.05). Conclusion :Shufeng Liangxue Decoction in the treatment of facial hormone dependence dermatitis has better curative effect.


Abstract Melanoma rarely develops in the genital area. It is responsible for 5% of all vulvar malignancies. Postmenopausal women are usually more affected and the main differential diagnosis is vulvar melanosis and vulvar nevi. There are limited numbers of studies on dermoscopic features of mucosal melanoma, particularly early-stage lesions. Dermoscopic criteria have been described for the diagnosis of vulvar melanosis, and observational studies have been conducted to define the dermoscopic features of nevi and melanoma on the vulva. We are presenting the case of a 69-year old female with suspected recurrence of vulvar melanoma who previously had surgical removal of mucosal lentiginous melanoma on the left labia minor in June 2017. Five months after the primary melanoma surgery, the patient noticed de novo pigmentation at the left and right labia minor and urethral opening. On clinical examination, irregular light-brown pigmentation with ill-defined borders was evident on the labia minora of the vulva and around the external urethral orifice. On dermoscopy, irregular pigmented network, with white scar-like and structureless pinkish areas was evident. Incisional biopsy of the vulvar mucosa revealed melanoma in situ, confirming the local recurrence. CT scans of the head, thorax, abdomen and pelvis and gynaecological examination revealed no secondary deposits. Ultrasound of the regional inguinal lymph nodes revealed enlarged suspected pathologic involvement of the lymph nodes in both inguinal regions. Lymph node fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes in the left and right inguinal area revealed pleomorphic infiltrate of lymphoid cells with hemosiderin or melanoma pigment in the cytoplasm. Cystoscopic findings were within normal range. Interdisciplinary tumour board indicated wide excision of melanoma with margins of 1 cm and resection of the urethra, as well as biopsy of the enlarged left inguinal lymph node. Histopathological analysis of the resected mucosa revealed lentiginous spread of melanocytes showing moderate atypia, with focal pagetoid spread, without mitoses and ulceration and without invasion of lamina propria. The resection margins were tumour-free. Non-specific lymphadenitis was diagnosed on lymph node histopathological analysis. The patient was regularly monitored by a dermatologist and urologist, and had no recurrence. The accurate and prompt diagnosis is essential in the case of the vulvar melanoma which has unfavourable and unpredictable prognosis, with a tendency of local recurrences and regional and distant metastases in the case of invasive melanoma. In order not to miss early mucosal melanoma, dermatologists and gynaecologists should not avoid biopsy of lesions that demonstrate any clinical or dermoscopic feature of atypical melanocytic lesion, especially in case of the development of irregular pigmentation that expands and changes over time, the appearance of a solitary amelanotic papule or nodule requires excision or, in case of large diameter lesions, incision biopsies. Larger studies are needed to define more rigorously clinical and dermoscopic criteria that accurately distinguish early mucosal melanomas from benign skin lesions.


This paper investigates the joint design and optimization of the power control and beamforming codebooks for the single-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) wireless systems with a rate-limited feedback link. The problem is cast in the form of minimizing the outage probability subject to the transmit power constraint and cardinality constraints on the beamforming and power codebooks. We show that by appropriately choosing and fixing the beamforming codebook and optimizing the power codebook for that beamforming codebook, it is possible to achieve a performance very close to the optimal joint optimization. Further, this paper investigates the optimal tradeoffs between beamforming and power codebook sizes for different number of feedback bits and transmit antennas. Given a target outage probability, our results provide the optimal codebook sizes independent of the target rate. As the outage probability decreases, we show that the optimal joint design should use fewer feedback bits for beamforming and more feedback bits for power control. The jointly optimized beamforming and power control modules combine the power gain of beamforming and diversity gain of power control, which enable it to approach the performance of the system with perfect channel state information as the feedback link capacity increases to infinity -- something that is not possible with beamforming or power control alone.


Dignity is a core concept in nursing care. In earlier theories on dignity, close links have been drawn between dignity and autonomy, and autonomy has been closely related to independence. These traditional understandings of dignity and autonomy may be challenged when an individual moves into a nursing home. Our findings show that negative views about dependence, institutional frames and structures in the nursing home, and the attitudes and actions of healthcare personnel may diminish independence and lead to a lack of autonomy. Each of these areas can be experienced as a serious threat to the residents' dignity. Findings are interpreted and discussed in the light of a theory of relational autonomy, which represents an alternative to the traditional individualistic understanding of dignity and autonomy.


Located in the northeastern part of Hongshishan-Heiyingshan terrane within Kazakhstanian- Beishan plate, the Heiyingshan deposit is one of the most important high-grade iron deposits in northwest China. Iron mineralization occurs within the Early Carboniferous dacite, rhyolite, dacitic lava and brecica of Baishan Formation as massive blocks, stratoid layers, lens and veins. The iron-bearing intermediate-acid volcanic sequences are cut by a number of Hercynian mafic and granitoid dykes and controlled by a number of NE- and EW-trending fractural or faulted zones. Individual iron orebodies, from 4 to 12 m in thickness, can be traced along the strike for 115~200 m, and down the dip for 100~200 m. Moreover, several independent yttrium orebodies were recognized within the iron deposit. Although apatite predominates over iron-bearing minerals, no difference has been observed between iron and yttrium orebodies in such aspects as geological setting, wall rock, mineral assemblage and attitude. Mineralogical composition of both iron and yttrium ores is relative simple, composed of magnetite, hematite and trace amounts of pyrite. Gangue minerals include apatite, quartz, chlorite, and hornblende. Eight apatite separates from the massive and vein type iron ores respectively were selected for Sm-Nd isotopic analysis. Six apatite separates from massive iron ores of Heiyingshan deposits give a Sm-Nd isochron age of (322.0±4.3) Ma with e Nd (t) value of 1.66±0.01 (2σ). As the Sm-Nd isochron age is in agreement with field geological evidence, and apatite has co-existing relations with magnetite, it is suggested that the Sm-Nd isochron age represents the ore-forming time of the Heiyingshan high-grade deposit. The ore-forming material might have been derived from a mixed source of depleted mantle- and crust-derived magma or fluids. In contrast, the e Nd (322 Ma) values of two apatite separates from the vein-type iron ores range from 7.20 to 7.26, much higher than the values of massive iron ores. Combined with other field and geological evidence, the authors believe that the vein type iron ores were probably derived from mantle-related ore fluids.


At present,there is problem that emphasizes theory teaching and neglects practical teaching in personnel training of higher vocational education.In the aspect of training talents how to position it and to use what kind of pattern,should probe from such aspects: guiding principles,teacher education and teaching,curriculum system building,practical curriculum system and the overall quality of students.


Coarse gold powders sample was processed using traditional fire assaying method.A novel method for determining gold in coarse gold powders by gravimetric method and silver by flame atomic absorption spectrometry was established.Gold and silver was enriched in 1-2 g of composite granule of lead by cupellation.The alloy was dissolved in nitric aicd,and then gold was determined by gravimetric method,silver was determined at the wavelength of 328.1 nm by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.This method resolved the problem efficiently how to combine determination of gold and silver successively in coarse gold powders.The detection limit of silver was 0.003 1 μg/mL.Relative standard deviation of gold and silver was less than 0.07 % and 1.2 %,respectively.Recovery of gold was 100 % and that of silver was in the range of 98 %-101 %.The determination results were in good agreement with those obtained by national standard method.