This is the first of four chapters scrutinizing villainy in the French Wars of Religion (1562–98). Chapter 11 considers the St Bartholomew's Day Massacre in August 1572, a mass killing that began with the murder of the Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny. Partisan responses to Coligny's murder soon followed; of particular interest is La Tragedie de feu Gaspard de Colligny (1575) by François de Chantelouve. The latter, a militant Catholic, makes a vindictive mockery of the erstwhile admiral in the course of his tragedy. For Chantelouve, Coligny was a villainous traitor and a threat to France's monarchy; Charles IX was thus justified in sanctioning Coligny's death. Yet Chantelouve does not straightforwardly echo the official legal justification for the Massacre that had been commissioned by the Crown in 1573 from the leading jurist Guy du Faur de Pibrac.


Abstract: This study examined how members of functionally independent work groups (bank employees) evaluated behavioral deviance among in-group and out-group members. Members' behavior was either modal (normative) or deviant in relation to workplace norms, and members were either likeable or unlikeable. Based on social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and on the black-sheep effect (e.g., Marques & Paez, 1994), it was predicted that both unlikeability and deviance would result in more negative evaluations. It was also predicted that behavior that challenged prescriptive in-group standards would result in relative derogation of in-group targets compared to similar out-group targets (the evaluative extremity effect). These hypotheses were supported. Discussion focuses on how evaluations of deviant group members help to preserve a positive sense of social identity. Practical implications of social deviance in the workplace are considered.


The e¤ects of two doses of ca¤eine (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) on various aspects of visual selective attention were investigated in 24 healthy human subjects. SpeciÞc task conditions were compared to provide measures of selectivity for a location in the visual Þeld, of distractibility, of selectivity among response alternatives, and of strategic inßuences. In two out of three tasks, ca¤eine speeded responses signiÞcantly. However, these e¤ects did not di¤er across conditions withintask, so there was no indication that they were to due to (a) speciÞc e¤ect(s) on one or more of the attentional sub-functions. The results suggest that the beneÞcial e¤ects of ca¤eine in low-load conditions cannot be attributed to reduced distractibility or increased suppression of task-irrelevant response tendencies.


The results of a test-beam study of the performance of the microstrip gas avalanche chamber (MISGAC) for the detection of minimum ionizing particles are reported. A detection efficiency of 95%, a position resolution of 30 mu m (RMS), and a two-track resolution of 250 mu m have been measured using a 9-GeV particle beam at the CERN PS. Xenon-DME (dimethyl-ether) and argon-DME mixtures have been used as gas filling for a detector having a total gas thickness of 5 mm. >


Book Review: Jeanne Theoharis, The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks. Beacon Press, 2013. ISBN: 978-0807050477 (Hardcover). 304 pages. $27.95Americans accustomed to the popular characterization of Rosa Parks as the quiet, gentle seamstress who unwittingly sparked the civil rights movement by refusing to give up her seat on a Jim Crow bus might be surprised to see her included in, much less gracing the cover of, an essay collection entitled Want to Start a Revolution? Radical Women in the 2 . Black Freedom Struggle. The cover photograph of her admiring a poster of Malcolm X might startle those used to picturing Parks in contrast to, not alongside, militants such as Malcolm X. Yet as Jeanne Theoharis, a professor of political science at Brooklyn College, reveals in that volume and in The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks, Parks merits reconsideration as a radical for her lifetime of activism, well before and long after the Montgomery bus boycott she inspired. In this political biography, Theoharis unravels what she calls the "fable" of Rosa Parks by taking into full account the depth, complexities, and costs of her political commitments. At the same time, Theoharis analyzes how the image of Parks as an "accidental or angelic heroine" emerged at the time, the consequences of that myth for Parks, and the political needs that image continues to serve (42). In turn, this account of Parks's "life history of being rebellious" (as Parks described it) offers a different set of political lessons than the fable of the spontaneous act of a tired seamstress. These more sobering but more interesting lessons are important-indeed, indispensable-for activists, teachers, and students of social movements alike.The first half of The Rebellious Life charts how Parks came to action, while the second half follows how she sustained and expanded her activism forty years after the boycott, in the "Jim Crow North" (xiii). The fable of Rosa Parks promotes "the idea that without any preparation (political or psychic) or subsequent work a person can make change with a single act, suffer no lasting consequences, and one day be heralded as a hero" (x). Theoharis counters this narrative by documenting the personality, people, and political philosophy that enabled Parks to protest. Theoharis identifies "respectability" as the bedrock of Parks's activism, not in the terms of middle-class consciousness employed by many historians, but in terms of respecting oneself and insisting on respect from others (1, 33). "Part of being respectable was not consenting to the disrespect of her person," Theoharis explains (65). Rosa McCauley learned this "rectitude and race pride" from her grandfather, a supporter of Marcus Garvey and his Pan-Africanist Universal Negro Improvement Association, and her mother, a teacher in black church schools (1). "Steeped in political thought from an early age," Rosa learned to identify injustice and to channel "controlled anger" into action with a careful balance of "negotiation" and "militancy" (4, 6). She brought this awareness to her marriage to activist Raymond Parks, whom she joined in protest against the wrongful conviction of nine young men accused of rape and sentenced to death in Scottsboro, Alabama in 1931-twentyfour years before her bus protest. Thereafter, Mrs. Parks conducted efforts to register black voters, and determinedly and successfully registered to vote herself in 1945, when very few managed to do so (2022). As secretary of the Montgomery National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Parks investigated, publicized, and protested cases of racial violence, beginning with the case of Mrs. Recy Taylor, who was gang raped by six white men in 1944 (23-24). Building on her experience in Scottsboro, Parks organized in defense of black men accused of rape, including Montgomery high school student Jeremiah Reeves who was sentenced to death for a consensual relationship with a white woman in 1953 and ultimately executed in 1958 (31). …


Disk image of a floppy disk containing four files dating from 1989. These documents consist of drafts of "The Potential for Diversions of Plutonium from Japanese Factories by Terrorist or Criminal Elements for Use in Nuclear Bombs", written by Helen M. Hunt, a consultant on safeguards and security.


The Japanese National Physical Activity and Health Promotion Guidelines were compiled by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan. A broad definition of physical activity was adopted in this report. Objectives of physical activity were (a) maintaining and promoting health, (b) preventing and treating disease, (c) reducing stress, (d) promoting development in childhood, (e) maintaining and improving independence in older people, (f) managing symptoms associated with menopause, and (g) promoting general psychological well-being.


Tests on the turbine guide row have shown that a meridional contouring of labyrinth sealing chambers above the runner wheels of axial turbomachinery is sensible, if the leakage flow has an angle of twist of about 45° to 90° in relation to the circumferential direction. With increasing twist (angle of twist smaller than 40°), this meridional contouring of the labyrinth sealing chambers becomes more and more ineffective. A semi-empirical calculation equation for the additional losses in the guide wheel caused by leakage flow above the runner wheel is derived, which shows a good correspondence to experimentally determined values.


The outbreak of the Covid 19 pandemic and the actions that all countries took in its aftermath all over the world in the first quarter of 2020 and later, i.e., during lockdowns and other restrictive measures, introducing a short and medium-term freezing of economic activity, had a strong impact on their economies and, consequently, also on the global economy. They hit seriously its particularly sensitive sectors, such as industry, trade and transport. The aim of undertaken research is to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the functioning of maritime transport sector as well as to indicate its consequences for the global supply chains between 2020 and 2021 (first quarter). The research is mainly focused on assessing the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on the global shipping and especially container one that is contemporarily the most vital link of the global intermodal land-sea supply chains. The analyses take into account the adaptive measures taken by ship operators and other individual parties being an integral link of the global supply chains with an aim to mitigate the effects of radical slowdown in industrial and global trade activity. The research was based on the analyses, reports and several business information carried out by specialized international organizations as well as ship carriers and logistics providers. The obtained research results indicate the need to reconfigure global logistics supply chains and increase their resilience by introducing new digital solutions. It is high time to introduce new smart, green digital supply chains and subsequently to reconfigure them much more towards the regional trade and economic relations and ties among countries (reshoring). Such activities aiming at rebuilding the logistic supply chains may at the same time change the presently existing business environment in global maritime shipping, enforcing not only changes in ship owners' business models but also serious structural alterations on the shipping freight markets. © 2022, Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University. All rights reserved.


Military bases both provide significant benefits and impose distinctive costs upon the regions that host them. The evaluation of the local economic impacts of military installations takes on importance due to federal mandates to expand, contract, or adjust base staffing levels and contracting activities. For many military regions, particularly those located in smaller urban and non-urban areas, the military sector constitutes a critical economic anchor, influencing local economic structure and stability via its size, interactions with the rest of the local economy, and shaping of area culture. Yet military bases often are accompanied by state or local government facilities, universities or colleges, hospitals, prisons, or Veterans' Administration centers, complementary anchors that may substitute for or otherwise condition the economic effects of military installations. We examine whether regions hosting major military facilities were insulated from the economic downturn of the 2007-2009 recession and subsequent slow recovery. We adopt a quasi-experimental approach, pairing counties containing military installations with otherwise similar counties lacking an extensive military presence. We also consider and control for endowments of other types of anchor institutions. Our approach separates the effects of military from non-military anchor institutions and provides the first test of the impact of military anchors on regional economic performance during and immediately following a major recession. This paper assesses the economic impact of military anchors during and after the 2007-2009 recession, using a quasi-experimental approach that pairs otherwise similar counties with and without military bases. As a first step to isolating these impacts, we examine counties outside of metropolitan areas and in relatively small metropolitan regions in which anchor impacts are most readily discernible. The research design and the data collected about military and non-military anchor institutions allow us to address two important, interrelated issues. First, we examine the influence of anchor institutions on their surrounding economies during the most recent recession. Whereas a substantial amount of interest in anchor institutions stems from the prospective ability of their steady employment, activity, and receipt of external resources to insulate regions from national recession, recessionary performance itself has to our knowledge not been tested directly. Second, we control for the frequent co-location of military anchors with post-secondary educational institutions, Veterans' Administration facilities, and prisons. By including and differentiating among types of anchors, including some that are not often studied, we both remove bias from the estimation of the impacts of military anchors and enable comparison among the relative effects of anchor institutions.


The article presents mobility and balance of nervous processes analysis in young boxers during vibroacoustic influence use. The research was held on the basis of Republican boarding school N5 of sports profile in Ufa. 82 boxers took part in the research (14-15 years old). The respondents were divided into two groups: control group (n=48) and the experimental group (n=34). General mobility, balance and power of nervous processes estimation was held at psychophysiological testing gadget "Sports psychophysiologist". As the means of rehabilitation we used tinting with the help of medical apparatus "Vitophone". Young boxers' calf muscles tinting was held in the following regimen: twice (10-15 minutes each) at the end of the first daily training lesson of special-preparatory period. During microvibrations use at the end of the first training lesson we reveal nervous system excitability in young boxers, the power of nervous processes also increases in terms of external disturbances, the accuracy of reactions increases, there is balance of irritation and inhibition. As a result of the research we revealed the possibilities of vibroacoustic influence use in the process of young boxers training.


A problem of comparing the traction properties of Daewoo Lublin 3 Mi van with respective types of gearbox has been taken up in the paper. There were three gearbox types: TS5-21, PD.97 and ZF. These properties were concluded based on vehicle traction graph. They included: reaching the reserve driving force in respective gears, obtaining accelerations, overcoming the resistances to motion (rolling resistance, air resistance and grade resistance) as well as achieving the maximum speed. Vehicle traction diagram has been made based on the torque curve of Andoria 4CTi90 engine external characteristics obtained on engine test bed in a direct way using an AVL eddy current brake. The engine was supplied with a complete fuel dose and loaded with the resistance torque produced by engine brake. The characteristics was performed every 200 rpm from 1000 rpm to maximum revolutions and the other way from maximum revolutions to 1000 rpm every 200 rpm. The torque characteristics points were determined as a mean value obtained from these two measurements. After considering the data from engine external characteristics, vehicle information (including, among others, respective gear ratios and final drive ratio, under-the-bonnet power loss coefficient, and dynamic wheel radius) and the resistances to motion, a vehicle traction diagram of Daewoo Lublin 3 Mi van was made for three types of gearboxes. Based on this, the authors found that a Daewoo Lublin 3 Mi van equipped with ZF gearbox is the best from the point of view of traction properties.


This purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a curriculum-based measure of word problem solving (CBM-WPS) as an indicator of performance and progress in a sample of 136 third-grade students at risk for mathematics difficulties (MDs) instructed in a standards-based mathematics curriculum. Students completed the CBM-WPS measure every 2 weeks across 12 school weeks. Results indicated that the CBM-WPS measure was reliable and significantly correlated with measures of arithmetic WPS, number combinations fluency, and a standardized test of mathematics achievement. Results of growth modeling indicated that students showed significant growth on the CBM-WPS measure, with an average increase of 0.33 problems correct per week. Additional analyses revealed that students identified as high at-risk demonstrated similar growth as students identified as low at-risk. Furthermore, the CBM-WPS growth slopes were a significant predictor of students' spring performance on a standardized test of mathematics achievement, demonstrating their predictive validity. Implications for practice and future research for assessing mathematics skill development are discussed.


The development of a new compact Ultra Wideband (UWB) antenna. The main advantages of the proposed array configuration are that it requires no isolation/decoupling circuit between the elements of the MIMO array. The suggested antenna has an impedance bandwidth of (3.1_10.6) GHz. The antenna dimension is (25×58×1.6) mm3. It is based on a simple patch antenna configuration with a simple hexagonal radiator and partial ground. The partial ground is used to improve the reflection coefficient and isolation. A 16.54mm x 9mm ground plane is used. Each element was fed through a 50Ω microstrip transmission line (MTL). The suggested antenna is polarized linearly. It performs admirably at 10.46 GHz, with a gain of 1.77dB, a reflection coefficient of 28.42dB, VSWR approx 1, an envelope correlation coefficient very close to 0 dB, a diversity gain of 10dB, and isolation of 50.44dB, respectively, and suggested antenna's diversity characteristics, such as ECC and diversity gain, are also modeled.


Explosives are an integrated part of our technical infrastructure. They do not need to be used in large quantities to produce their desired effects. Explosives can be applied in small quantities to produce useful mechanical or chemical stimuli. To use an explosive in an application, the explosive needs some form of external stimulation. This stimulation can come in the form of a mechanical force, heat energy or an electrical signal. In this article, we will examine devices that are initiated by electrical stimulus-electro-explosive devices (EEDs). The author begins by considering what EEDs are and the various types of them. He goes on to discuss initiation mechanisms.


A small archive of texts from ancient Iraq is used to demonstrate an approach to network analysis in which traditional close reading and computational text analysis go hand-in-hand. The computational methods produce tables and graphs that link back to online editions of the primary material, enabling the user to check the results.


Abstract Almost since its inception in 1955, taekwondo has been used as a form of soft diplomacy for the Republic of Korea (ROK) and then later by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). Taekwondo demonstrations have been instrumental to bringing the ROK and DPRK back to the negotiating table, but how this has been possible has yet to be addressed. This research therefore addresses two questions: (1) What efforts early in taekwondo's history facilitated its soft diplomacy efforts today? and (2) How do taekwondo organizing bodies teach and promote soft diplomacy today? Systematic literature reviews of taekwondo moral virtues, pedagogy, history, and organizing bodies' constitutions as well as elite interviews were conducted with those directly involved with taekwondo diplomatic efforts to determine when and how taekwondo soft diplomacy tactics were initiated. This interdisciplinary, qualitative study elucidates that early taekwondo pioneers' efforts were focussed on soft diplomacy and how their efforts play an ongoing role in ROK and DPRK rapprochement. Furthermore, taekwondo diplomacy has occurred at the governmental, organizational, and grassroots levels, indicating it may be the only sport used at all three levels of diplomacy.


Based on early warning aircraft(EWA) cruising course analysis,the detection effectiveness cruising along racetrack is studied by using the basic principle of system effecectivess analysis(SEA),The detection model of areas of high probability and system mapping of areas of low probability are specially studied.The influence effect of each factor of the model is analyzed with simulation calculation.


Using the platform of Aspen Plus engineering software,the distillation process for the e-caprolactone product mixture from two-step catalytic reaction of cyclohexanone and hydrogen peroxide with B2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was simulated.Based on the consideration of the product properties,used the UNIQ-NTH method and the RadFrac module to carry out the calculation of the series connection distillation process and the parallel connection distillation process respectively.The results showed that the parallel connection distillation process was superior to the series connection distillation process,the process was reasonable and it could meet the requirement of products separation.Then every rectifying column in the parallel connection distillation process was simulated in detail and the reliable data which will provide help for the process design and practical operation was gained.


Being the only Vietnam War author on the English curriculum for American middle and high schools, Tim O'Brien skillfully mixes his real wartime experience with fiction in his various bestsellers and awarded novels.  All O'Brien's Vietnam War stories are always "bad," meaning that the war contains mostly sad and horrific experience for American soldiers and Vietnamese civilians. A closer look at O'Brien's war stories reveals that he indeed touches upon almost all issues the American GIs encountered during this war; nevertheless, not all online literary analysis websites and peer-reviewed authors can identify or call them all out. To assist middle and high school readers in understanding the meaning behind Tim O'Brien's Vietnam War stories, the war details in Going After Cacciato and its historical perspective are discussed in this article. The war-related issues that O'Brien touched upon in this novel are: lack of purpose, the lower standards of the American troops (McNamara's morons), desertion, lack of courage, friendly fire, fragging their own officers, and contemptuous attitude toward the Vietnamese, the very people they came to help and protect.


We introduce a notion of generalized Auslander–Reiten duality on a Hom-finite Krull–Schmidt exact category [Formula: see text]. This duality induces the generalized Auslander–Reiten translation functors [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. They are mutually quasi-inverse equivalences between the stable categories of two full subcategories [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. A non-projective indecomposable object lies in the domain of [Formula: see text] if and only if it appears as the third term of an almost split conflation; dually, a non-injective indecomposable object lies in the domain of [Formula: see text] if and only if it appears as the first term of an almost split conflation. We study the generalized Auslander–Reiten duality on the category of finitely presented representations of locally finite interval-finite quivers.


ABSTRACT The growth dynamics of Testudo graeca L. in the Iberian Peninsula were studied, taking into account weight and length of carapace, using embryos and both male and female, immature and adult specimens. The results suggest that weight is a strongly allometric parameter in relation to carapace length. The growth factors of these reptiles are discussed and compared with those of other populations of circum-Mediterranean Testudinidae.


The invention discloses a pixel circuit, an organic electroluminescence display panel and a display device. The pixel circuit comprises a light emitting device, a drive control module, a reset control module, a charging control module and a light emission control module. The reset control module conducts resetting on the light emitting device in an internal compensation mode, exports current signals which drive the drive control module to drive the light emitting device in an external compensation mode and compares the current signals with a preset standard current value to determine a compensation factor. The charging control module charges the drive control module and writes in data signals in the internal compensation mode and writes the data signals in the drive control module in the external compensation mode. The light emission control module charges the drive control module and controls the drive control module to drive the light emitting device to emit light in the internal compensation mode, and controls the drive control module to drive the light emitting device to emit light in the external compensation mode. In this way, sharing of internal compensation and external compensation can be achieved through the same pixel circuit.


We present a new redatuming workflow developed for improving the repeatability of seismic data and designed specifically to account for changes in the source signatures or variations in downgoing fields in general. The new approach is based on the virtual source method with the same potential for reducing nonrepeatability, associated with acquisition geometry changes and variations in the near surface. To correct for changes in the source wavelet between surveys, we suggest deconvolving the virtual source gather of the monitor survey with the point-spread function (PSF) of the same survey, and immediately convolving with the PSF of the base or reference survey. The PSF governs the radiation pattern of the virtual source. Trying to completely deconvolve the effects of individual PSFs on each virtual source response may degrade repeatability due to possible amplification of noise. Instead, we try to equalize radiation patterns of the virtual sources across all repeat surveys by reassigning a new reference PSF to all surveys. We apply the deconvolution-convolution method to a field 4D dataset with buried receivers and demonstrate significant improvement in repeatability.


Partial least squares (PLS) is a multivariate dimension reduction technique which is not based on ordinary regression assumptions. The use of PLS regression in life sciences is still a novel concept despite many scientific applications. This paper analyses the influence of physicochemical in the two fish species, Oreochromis jipe and Oreochromis niloticus to determine the cause for their growth difference in the same culture environment. The graphical display of the multi-parameter analysis was performed using a suite of open access R-software packages. The modeling hypothesis was assessed using experimental data collected for the period of 84 days. The findings revealed that significant linear relationship exists between water quality and mean weight of both O. jipe and O.niloticus fish species. Being a crucial study meant to provide baseline information to asses the aquaculture potential O. jipe, we recommend a further study to be conducted on several other predictor variables that can be measured under controlled aquaculture conditions.


Rushdie's recent call for the reformation of Islam may appear – however unwittingly – to correspond with contemporary discourses of counter-terrorism, which have clearly articulated the war against terrorism and the struggle for global security to the control of immigration, as well as the criminalisation of Islam. As A. Sivanandan has argued in 'Race, terror and civil society', 'the war on asylum and the war on terror […] have converged to produce a racism which cannot tell a settler from an immigrant, an immigrant from an asylum speaker, an asylum speaker from a Muslim, a Muslim from a terrorist'. In the context of this conflation of counter-terrorism and the state regulation of migrant populations, what is at stake in Salman Rushdie's call for a reformation of Islam in response to the July 7th bombings? As a middle-class migrant writer, who is often associated with a western liberal ideology, and a secular Muslim, who was also the victim of the death sentence issued by Ayatollah Khomeini in 1989, Rushdie occupies an ambivalent position in relation to the convergence of the war on asylum and the war on terror described by Sivanandan. But how is this ambivalence registered in Rushdie's Shalimar the Clown, a novel that was published at the same time as Rushdie's call for a reformation of Islam? This article seeks to address this question by examining how Rushdie explodes the conventions of national allegory that he established in Midnight's Children and Shame to represent the conflict in Kashmir, and its place in contemporary geopolitics.


Aims: In the US, higher SES (socio-economic status) groups and white Americans tend to be "healthier" than less advantaged groups. Elimination of disparities is a major public health goal. This study examines disparities for two highly prevalent medical conditions – depression and chronic back pain – and selected medical conditions and behavioral practices. The aim is to provide evidence that may have public health implications for prevention as well as for treatment. Methods: Data from two groups of women: 1) 1704 college-educated women who responded to a self-report questionnaire; and 2) women whose data are reported in the U.S. Health Interview survey and in epidemiologic studies of depression and chronic back pain were compared for depression, chronic back pain and selected behavioral practices and medical conditions reported by the two groups of women. Results: The percentages reporting depression were 17.6 and 16.6; for chronic back pain 9.6 and 10.2 – non statistically-significant differences. For other conditions, the higher SES women had significantly more favorable outcomes. Conclusions: The paradox of no SES disparities for depression and low back pain raises a number of questions regarding the underlying mechanisms; and also has implications for prevention and treatment strategies of the two highly prevalent conditions.


Objective To compare the bone mineral density(BMD) results between the measurement at the lumbar vertebra with QCT and at the forearm with DTX-200 DXA,and to find the difference and the correlation of BMD among different equipments and measuring sites.Methods Forearm BMDs and T scores of 63 volunteers(19 males and 43 females) were measured using DTX-200 DXA.The BMDs and T scores of the lumbar vertebra were measured using QCT.The diagnosis of osteoporosis was made accordingly.BMDs measured with DXA and QCT were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 software and correlated with age.The consistency of osteoporosis diagnosis in both groups was analyzed.Results BMDs measured with the two equipments were all negatively correlated with aging.The BMD measured with QCT was lower than that measured with DTX-200 in the same age group,and this was more evident in over 40 years old age group.The correlation coefficient of the BMD measured with DTX-200 and QCT was 0.554(P0.01).The total consistency of osteoporosis diagnosis was 52.4%.Conclusion There is close relationship between the BMD measured at the forearm bone with DTX-200 DXA and the BMD measured at the lumbar vertebra with QCT.It needs to be explored if the osteoporosis diagnosis can be made with the measurement with either QCT or DTX-200 according to the WHO diagnostic criteria.There should be different diagnosis criteria or exchange coefficient available for different measurement equipments and measurement sites.


TheS-net spaces studied are convergence structures whose convergences are expressed by using generalized nets, the so called S-nets, which are obtained from the usual nets by replacing the category of directed sets and cofinal maps with an arbitrary construct S. We investigate compactness in categories of S-net spaces defined by introducing continuous maps in a natural way and imposing some usual convergence axioms. Mathematics Subject Classifications ( 1991):Primary: 54D30, Secondary: 54A20, 54B30, 54D80.


The cultural spectacle of the capital: entertainment, manipulation and hypnosis of the masses. The referent article proposes to do a theorical incursion on the critics developed by the frankfurtians Adorno and Horkheimer about the "cultural industry" and the society of consumption, relating the spectacular society of the images created by Guy Debord, as well to deepen the discussion based on the function that the "mass media" influences in the modern man's life the objectives and social fates that the propaganda and the entertainment programs exert on the mass social of which the sociology of culture theorics so emphasize, especially Merton, Lazarsfeld and Baudrillard. And finally, trying to comprehend the impact that the cultural industry and the information technologies, which are in service of the capital domination, exert on the cultural identity of the modern people. Thus, it uses the approaches of Hall and Jameson, admitting a dynamic study of the cultural transformations through the growing phenomenon of globalization, which according to the authors provokes a sharp institutionalization of the consumption and a constant cultural reframing.


How to characterize topological quantum phases is a fundamental issue in the broad field of topological matter. Based on dimension reduction approach, here we propose a new theory to characterize equilibrium topological phases by far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics, and further report the experimental observation. For a d-dimensional (dD) topological phase with integer invariants, we show that its characterization can be reduced to lower-dimensional topological invariants in the high-order band inversion surfaces (BIS-s), of which the nth-order BIS is a (d-n)D interface in momentum space. In quenching the system from trivial phase to topological regime, we show that the quantum dynamics exhibits nontrivial topological pattern in the arbitrary nth-order BISs, which universally corresponds to and so characterizes the equilibrium topological phase of the post-quench Hamiltonian. This prediction unveils a high-order dynamical bulk-surface correspondence in the momentum space, and provides new dynamical schemes with experimental advantages to detect topological states. In particular, based on the highest-order BISs which are of zero dimension, the detection of topological phase is achieved with minimal measurements. We experimentally build up a quantum simulator using nitrogen-vacancy center to measure the high-order dynamical bulk-surface correspondence in 3D chiral topological insulator, and show the advantages of characterizing the topological phase with high-order BISs in experiment.


The issue of smart growth is a relatively new one, yet it has already been discussed by a few authors. According to the definition proposed by the European Commission, smart growth it is growth based on two pillars: knowledge and innovation. Smart growth is difficult to measure due to its complexity, multidimensionality, unobservability. The aim of the paper is construction of the synthetic measure of the level of smart growth. The research focuses on the 28 European Union countries in 2013.


Bruno Touschek, born in Vienna in 1921, graduated in physics in 1946 in Gottingen. Among his mentors there
were leading scientists of pre-war physics, with whom he collaborated in maintaining alive scientific research
during the war. In participating to the reconstruction of physics in Europe, he performed a crucial role in the
development of post-war theoretical physics in Italy since mid 1950s. The experience established in participating
with Rolf Wideroe to the building of the first European betatron in Hamburg during the war, and in
collaborating to the designing and construction of a synchrotron in Glasgow during the late 1940s, as well as his
deep knowledge of Electrodynamics, culminated, fifty years ago, in Touschek's proposal to construct a small
storage ring for electrons and positrons in the early Spring of 1960, and, after a few months, the much bigger
ADONE. The events which led to the approval and construction of AdA, the first matter-antimatter collider, in
Frascati National Laboratories near Rome, and the Franco-Italian collaboration which confirmed the feasibility
of electron-positron storage rings are recalled.
All this showed that electron-positron colliders could compete with traditional proton machines, proved the
feasibility of a new physics and opened the way to higher energy and luminosity. The road to matter-antimatter
collisions started in war ravaged Germany and culminated on November 11th, 1974, when the discovery of the
J/Psi was simultaneously announced by Burton Richter and Sam Ting. It was confirmed three days later by
ADONE, the Frascati Italian accelerator, and signaled the beginning of a new era in particle physics which
eventually led to some of the most important discoveries of the Standard model.
Touschek's subsequent work on infrared radiative corrections as needed to extract meaningful physics from
high energy electron experiments and his contribution to educate a generation of theoretical physicists to the
importance and technical proficiency in resuming light quanta, has also been described. In order to understand Bruno Touschek's role in the reconstruction and development of post-War European physics, we also outline his
formation both as a theoretical physicist and as an expert in particle accelerators during the period between the
time he had to leave the Vienna Staatsgymnasium in 1938, because of his Jewish origin from the maternal side,
until his arrival in Italy in the early 1950s. The whole reconstruction has made use of only very recently
published material, and especially of archival unpublished documents as well as previously unknown
correspondence which include letters to Arnold Sommerfeld and to Touschek's family in Vienna from Italy,
Germany and Great Britain.


A metamaterial structure formed by foamed metal and starch and oil-based electrorheological (ER) fluid is designed in this paper. Experiments show that the metamaterial structure exhibits a regulation effect on the amplitude and phase of the transmitted waves of 35–80 kHz ultra-wideband ultrasonic waves in water. With the increase of the electric field, the transmission amplitude and phase of the ultrasonic wave increases, whereas the control ability of the same gradient electric field decreases. The amplitude of the transmission controlled by the metamaterial structure and electric field increases at first, and then decreases with the increase in volume fraction of the ER fluid. Thus, it is thought that the interaction between the microstructure produced by the rheological properties of the ER fluid and the porous foam metal affects the propagation of the acoustic wave.


Contends that managers from Saudi Arabia and other Middle East nations, as well as from other areas of the world, are becoming more conscious of the critical role that managerial values can play in today's ever widening and increasingly competitive marketplace. Alignment of personal and organizational values has become a focal issue for many management theories and studies in recognition of the importance of value congruence. An organization's productivity, success and/or failure can hinge on the degree to which the different levels and functions of its management share values. Reports on the results of a survey aimed at determining whether Saudi managers share common values, using several demographic variables to help clarify findings. Makes use of research on North American managers which is adjusted the better to fit the Muslim‐based culture of Saudi Arabia. A total of 144 Saudi managers of differing levels and functions participated in this survey. Finds overall that Saudi managers of all levels and functions generally shared the same values ‐ with one exception: marital status.


With an improved mapping approach, a series of excitations of the (2+1)-dimensional modified dispersive water-wave (MDWW) system is derived. Based on the derived solitary wave excitation, we obtain some special chaotic solitons. - PACS numbers: 05.45.Yv, 03.65.Ge


The complex, [(PhCH2)2{O2CC6H4{N(H)AN@(C6H3-4(@O)-5-O)}-o}Sn]2 (1), is obtained as the exclusive reaction product from the reaction of sodium 2-[(E)-2-(3-formyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-diazenyl]benzoate and (PhCH2)3SnCl. The reaction possibly proceeds via Dakin type rearrangements where arylazosalicylaldehyde is oxidized to arylazocatechol, followed by facile Sn–C bond cleavage. Complete assignments were achieved by H, C, 2D H–Sn HMQC (Sn chemical shift), 1D gs H–N HMQC (J(N, H) coupling constant) NMR and ESI-MS. The crystal structure of compound 1 as determined by X-ray diffraction analyses shows a cyclic centrosymmetric dinuclear moiety linked into extended chains by pairs of long Sn O contacts of approximately 3.2 Å. Two polymorphs were identified and their structures differ primarily in the packing arrangement afforded by the benzyl groups. In one polymorph, when viewed along the Sn Sn vector, the benzyl groups at each Sn-atom are oriented to form an S-shape, while they form a U-shape in the second polymorph. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


This study presents an investigation into the status of local finance in later Chosun based on Buyeokshilchong, which offered the first ground for the central government to define the status of local financial resources and to establish local finance since Daedong Law. In the stage of Buyeokshilchong, however, many of the local finance sources were still left in the hands of local governments. In Buyeokshilchong, there were huge differences in the distribution of the financial resources to be offered to the central government and those to be used by the local governments because the central government assigned the expenses associated with national defense, diplomacy and security to local guns and hyeons when passing those responsibilities to them. But the ratio of local financial resources was considerably set low compared to the total amount in all cases except for Pyeongan Province due to the nation's finance policies. After a series of centralized finance policies in later Chosun, local guns and hyeons were forced to obtain lacking financial resources for having the authority to collect taxes. Local governments' obtaining the authority to collect taxes was confirmed by the fact that the tax items related to local finance were created in the aspects of provinces, guns, and hyeoas in Buyeokshilchong, That is, the central government failed to set up a uniform policy for the tax items of local financial resources, More details are revealed by comparing and analyzing Buyeokshilchong and Sangsaneuprye, which arranged a bigger total amount of local financial resources than Buyeokshilchong as two or more authorities levied taxes on the same items and they defined the organizational operation expenses as an official tax item. Sangsaneuprye also established different amounts for the same tax items from Buyeokshilchong. Thus there were more local financial resources operated by local government than recognized by the central government, and there was a great deal of autonomy in regulating the amounts of tax items. Those were possible also because the central government officially recognized miscellaneous expenses including labor and transportation involved in transferring Jeon, Mi, or Mok to the central government. Entering the 19th century, the size of local finance gradually multiplied while the central finance remained the same or dropped in size. It's because some of the miscellaneous services and taxes not officialized in "Bongwanbongyongjil" of Buyeokshilchong were included in the public area around the time. In addition, the appropriate mix of payment in money and kind actually increased the fixed taxes after Daedong Law. And local guns and hyeons used diverse ways to secure their finance even though they were not officially permitted by the central government, which must have been possible thanks to the central government's official approval or connivance.


This paper reports on the coverage of TLG of Morrill (1994) and Moortgat (1997), and on how it has been computer implemented. We computer-analyse examples of displacement: discontinuous idioms, quantification, (medial) relativisation, VP ellipsis, (medial) pied piping, appositive relativisation, parentheticals, gapping, comparative
subdeletion, and reflexivisation, and, in the appendix, Dutch verb raising and crossserial dependency.


A great deal of investment is currently going into the railway industry across Europe, including into new lines. The British Channel Tunnel Rail Link is under construction, and a number of other high-speed lines in Britain have been discussed. This paper considers whether high-speed lines are the best solution in the British context. It challenges those involved in decision-making to determine more clearly the reasons for such high-speed lines, where capacity increases are often more important than achieving end-to-end journey time reductions. A number of other strategies for railway investment are also discussed, with the paper concluding that (after operational improvements), a targeted investment in bottlenecks in the existing system may be the most cost-effective solution in general. However, this response is made more difficult by the performance regime on Britain's privatised railway.


L-SeMet is a potential cancer chemoprevention agent for humans. Little difference was seen in the acute toxicity of L vs. D-SeMet in rats. To study chronic toxicity, weanling male rats were fed purified diets containing 2.5, 5.0 or 10 ppm Se as L-SeMet, D-SeMet, Na/sub 2/SeO/sub 3/ or Na/sub 2/SeO/sub 4/ for 6 weeks. Controls received 0.1 ppm Se as selenite. All rats fed 10 ppm Se died within 29 days. Se fed as D-SeMet was retained in the tissues as strongly as L-SeMet. Rats fed D or L-SeMet deposited large amounts of Se in muscle not reflected by proportionate increases in either plasma or RBC Se. Therefore, attempts to follow increases in Se body burden in individuals supplemented with large doses of L-SeMet by monitoring plasma or whole blood Se levels should be interpreted with caution.


The data collected from chemical process are strongly nonlinear and include noises,which influences the performance of traditional SPC methods.To solve this problem,a novel combined method for performance monitoring and fault identification using denoised kernel principal component analysis(KPCA) and proximal support vector machines(PSVMs) was proposed.It first removes the noise from data set(using) wavelet transform.Then the denoised data is disposed using KPCA and T~2 and Q statistics are constructed in the feature space.If the T~2 and Q statistics exceed the predefined control limit,a fault may have occurred.Then the nonlinear score vectors are calculated and fed into the PSVMs to identify the faults.Fluid catalytic cracking unit(FCCU) simulator proves that the DKPCA-PSVM method for process monitoring and fault identification is effective and the denoising using wavelet transform is essential.


Abstract : The study was designed to answer three questions about the conflict behavior of nations: (1) What are the dimensions of variation in environmental inputs to nations from the international conflict system. (2) To what degree is a nation's conflict activity a response to these conflict stimuli from the environment. (3) Which characteristics of nations explain deviations from a simple stimulus-response model of conflict behavior. To this end, data were collected on several measures of foreign conflict behavior for all nations exhibiting conflict in 1963. These data were organized into two matrices. The first matrix is an input matrix in which each observation represents the total amount of conflict behavior received by a nation regardless of sender. The second matrix is an output matrix in which observation is a record of the nation's total conflict behavior. The data in these matrices were each intercorrelated and factor analyzed. The factors derived from each matrix were then compared to assess the relationship between inputs and outputs of nations by use of canonical regression techniques. The residuals (conflict variance which is independent of this relationship) from the above analyses were then regressed on a set of twenty-two variables of nations characteristics which represented the basic patterns of attributes found by Rummel in 1963. The conflict environment of nations was found to be composed of four major patterns of conflict experience. A high correlation between conflict actions sent and received was found. The discrepancies were found to be related to national characteristics.


A fuzzy and PID control method is presented for characteristics of density control system. The paper introduces how to design the method using configuration Software and PLC.The result of simulation shows that the control method has improved quality of nonlinear and dead time system. The method is proved effective through application in the project of abstracting potassium nitrate from seawater.


The article presents materials reflecting the results of calculations by the finite element method on a computer (according to a special program) of the thermal state of the cellular fragment of the reinforced concrete support block LSP taking into account the influence of seasonal and decadal outdoor temperatures, as well as the effect of changes in the thermal characteristics of the backfill soil on the thermal state of the ice-resistant stationary platform. This made it possible for the first time to evaluate the joint work of a thin reinforced concrete frame and a massive body of backfill soil under temperature effects. In the case of the operation of the cellular structure without the backfill soil, seasonal and ten-day temperature fluctuations create a more unfavourable temperature regime in comparison with the cellular structure with the backfill soil. In the absence of backfill soil, negative temperatures penetrate most deeply into the thickness of the structure. The presented data can also serve as the basis for a preliminary assessment of the thermal state of LSP in the form of a fully cellular reinforced concrete structure and in the future to determine its thermally stressed state. Only considering the combined effect of ice, wave and temperature loads can we really evaluate the operation of such a complex structure in terms of its reliability and safety.


Further evidence is presented that in single-crystal [Ru(bpy)₃](PF₆)₂ at low temperatures one observes two zero-phonon lines corresponding to the lowest excited states at 17809 cm⁻¹ (line I, A'₁ ‹—› 1E' in D'₃) and at 17816 cm⁻¹ (line II, A'₁ ‹—› 2E'). It is shown that the observed electronic states can be adequately described in a model of isolated [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ chromophores. The zero-phonon line II has been recorded in absorption, emission and excitation at exactly the same energy. Its molar extinction coefficient has a value of e ca. 5 1·mol⁻¹·cm⁻¹, while e for line I is estimated to be about 0.03 1·mol⁻¹·cm⁻¹, and therefore line I could not be detected in absorption. An assignment of the zero-phonon structure to impurity centers - as has been speculated elsewhere - is definitely excluded.


A principled framework for general adaptive intelligent systems is described and applied to the domain of social robotics. Under the principled framework, the author develops computational methods to address an important aspect of a social robot, which is the ability to rapidly adapt to changes in the environment such as the introduction of novel objects and installations that serve novel purposes. Methods are also developed to address another important aspect of a social robot, which is the ability to understand the needs of humans that it interacts with by having a deep model of their needs, which enables the robot to assist humans in various tasks in a socially realistic manner. The author describes the methods of causal learning and script learning through computational visual observation that allow a robot to acquire the scripts and plans that enable it to understand the intentions of humans as well as solve problems to provide assistance to humans. The robot thus adapts rapidly to changing environmental factors as new observation provides new knowledge to guide its behavior. The assistance provided to humans is formulated as a script interaction problem and the optimal points at which assistance is provided are computed using a motivational strength model derived from psychological research and formulated computationally for robotic purposes. Also, a method is proposed to handle competition of needs which arises frequently in the course of robot-human interactions to generate socially realistic and appropriate behavior on the part of the robot. This paper uses primarily a home environment to demonstrate the methodology involved, but a robot that incorporates the methodology described could rapidly adapt to any environments such as the office and factory.


Our compact laser probe for surface acoustic waves (SAW) is designed to study properties of SAW substrates and control technological processes of their manufacturing. These substrates are widely used in device manufacturing, controlling systems, consumer electronics, etc. In this probe, we use the Bragg modulator in the double-pass scheme, which provides its compactness and multifunctionality.


For the application of Hall thrusters to small satellites, we have been developing a low power Hall thruster. As an initial test, we evaluated the thrust performance of a 50 W class miniature Hall thruster developed at Kyushu University. The outer diameter and the length of the acceleration channel are 18 mm and 7 mm, respectively. A torsional type thrust stand was developed, since the estimated thrust is 1-3 mN, which is too small to be measured by means of a conventional pendulum type thrust stand for Hall thrusts. The uncertainty of this thrust stand is less than 10% at 2 mN with calibration. The thrust, the discharge current, specific impulse and the thrust efficiency at xenon mass flow rate of 0.30 mg/s and discharge voltage of 125 V were 1.7 mN, 0.35 A, 600 sec and 11.4%, respectively. The thrust increased with an increase in discharge voltage and the thrust became 3.1 mN at discharge voltage of 250 V.


This study aimed to develop a water rocket launcher kit with a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) concept for science trainee teachers. The research design is the developmental research using the ADDIE model. The need analysis found that many trainee teachers had never handled water rocket activities. The intended kit was successfully developed with an acceptable Content Validity Index of 0.92 from three experts. The water rocket kit consisted of an easily assembled launcher of segmented PVC pipes and several essential components with an instruction manual. Qualitative feedback was obtained from a group of science trainee teachers in an accessible population of a Malaysian university. This study implies that water rocket activities can be performed by trainee teachers with simple kits that can be built on their own, thereby achieving the specific learning objectives in the planned classroom. In addition, this study can also provide early exposure to trainee teachers in the construction and operation of water rocket launchers in schools.


To accurately calculate the stress on the bottom plate of large oil storage tank,a new finite element modelling method was proposed.After the differences between the spring beam model and the elastic foundation contact model were analyzed preliminarily,the interaction between the foundation and the tank bottom plate was simulated by adopting the contact element.The errors among the theoretical values,finite element analysis(FEA) calculation values and the testing values of the radial stress on the bottom plate upper surface were also compared.Based on the settlement feature of the armored concrete ring wall and the elastic foundation,the settlement difference between the two different foundations was used as the boundary conditions of the FEA model.The elastic modulus of the foundation and the difference value of the settlement were estimated by pilot calculation.The results show that the theoretical values agree well with the monitored foundation settlement values.The proposed method can exactly simulate the oil-tank bottom-plate stress and predict the safety of the large oil tank in service.


Business management is an important part of enterprise management. Information management system is an important means to realize the modernization of management, goods. The current problems, the construction of business management information system, the design of big data, big data management system in this paper support, according to the big data design process of the conceptual structure design, logical structure design and physical structure design. Part of the design choice of structure design logical structure of big data types and relationships. Selection and index design physical structure design part of the disk hardware. The content of this paper, provides the enterprise for the development of business management system to strengthen the practical solution of business management, has an important significance to improve the level of information.


Starting from a can with a body (1) of any configuration, by properly treated sheet metal, the closure of the invention is the use of a cover (4) embodied in a laminated sheet, based on an external layer aluminum and an inner layer of plastic nature, which is fixed to the mouth of the body (1) by heat sealing, by adhesive or by any other means, and which has a tongue (5), extension thereof and serving as a grip . Constitutive laminated sheet (4) of said actual cover can be fixed directly to the mouth of the body (1), conveniently formed thereon, or may be assisted by a perimeter frame (2), also of metal sheet, provided with a internal perimeter flange (3) to which the laminated sheet (4) is fixed, fixing the cover (02/04) as a whole, the body (1) of the container by flanging the classic system.


1. Introduction Rocio Banos Pinero and Jorge Diaz Cintas PART I: ADDRESSING QUALITY 2. Institutional Audiovisual Translation: A (Shop) Window on the World Adrian Fuentes-Luque 3. Accuracy Rate in Live Subtitling: The NER Model Pablo Romero-Fresco and Juan Martinez Perez 4. Synchronized Subtitles in Live Television Programmes Mercedes de Castro, Luis Puente Rodriguez and Belen Ruiz Mezcua 5. Cross-fertilization between Reception Studies in Audio Description and Interpreting Quality Assessment: The Role of the Describer's Voice Emilia Iglesias Fernandez, Silvia Martinez Martinez and Antonio Javier Chica Nunez PART II: TARGETING THE AUDIENCE 6. Audio Describing for an Audience with Learning Disabilities in Brazil: A Pilot Study Eliana P. C. Franco, Deise M. Medina Silveira and Barbara C. dos Santos Carneiro 7. Analysing Redubs: Motives, Agents and Audience Response Serenella Zanotti 8. Subtitling in the Era of the Blu-ray Nicolas Sanchez 9. The MultilingualWeb (MLW) Project: A Collaborative Approach and a Challenge for Translation Studies Cristina Valdes PART III: MAPPING PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES 10. Professional Realities of the Subtitling Industry: The Subtitlers' Perspective Arista Szu-Yu Kuo 11. The Pros and Cons of Using Templates in Subtitling Kristijan Nikolic 12. Signing and Subtitling on Polish Television: A Case of (In)accessibility Renata Mliczak 13. Voiceover as Spoken Discourse Agata Holobut 14. Dubbing Directors and Dubbing Actors: Co-authors of Translation for Dubbing Regina Mendes 15. Audio Description in Hong Kong Dawning Leung


After hooking a particular application is running in-memory data-related API functions of the computer by blocking the memory data access by the hacking program to prevent premature prevent affecting the program execution result of the function is to be protected this prevents the data memory operation of the computer application is started. Method, (A) during the step of running the program protection, hooking handler hook the memory access data related API function; (B) determining whether the predetermined program is a malicious program when abnormal memory data access according to a predetermined program, the API function is called, the said hooking handler based on a predetermined comparison condition; And (C) if it is determined in the step (B), the predetermined program is malicious abnormal memory data access program, it consists of the steps of the hooking handler to report the determination result to the control processing unit. Hack, hook, API, handles, handlers, PID


Robinia pseudoacacia, a deciduous tree native to North America, has various medicinal properties, including antioxidant, antitumour, diuretic and antispasmodic effects. The plant contains various bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenols. However, caution is advised as all parts of the plant, except the flowers, are poisonous due to the phytotoxin robinin and its glycoside. The bark, on the other hand, shows resistance to rot due to the antifungal compounds dihydrorobinetin and robinetin. This study focuses on the stem bark of R. pseudoacacia from Bulgaria, a widely distributed wild species. Using advanced chromatographic techniques, we isolated and identified 3-O-caffeoyloleanolic acid, a new compound in the genus Robinia and R. pseudoacacia. Structural characterization was performed by state-of-the-art spectroscopic methods, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC), as well as by LC-HRESI-MS analysis.


We Studied the physiological characteristics of Salix jiangsuensis CL J-172 under seven different levels of phenanthrene concentration stress,for the materials is Salix jiangsuensis CL J-172 seedlings,which were cultivated in the nutrient solution.The results showed that: ① Under the phenanthrene stress,salix jiangsuensis the CL J-172 seedlings are growing no apparent change in appearance.At lower phenanthrene concentration treatment,the SOD,chlorophyll,MDA,soluble proteins,proline shows lower activity or content.There is no obvious difference between the seedlings with the higher phenanthrene concentration stress and no phenanthrene stress.② With phenanthrene stress become more and more serious,the root vigor of Salix jiangsuensis CL J-172 seedlings decreased significantly.We can concluded that the root vigor of Salix jiangsuensis CL J-172 seedlings were negatively influenced by different concentration of phenanthrene stress,but its physiological characteristic of leaves was no obvious change,in a short time,Salix jiangsuensis CL J-172 seedlings can avoid phenanthrene harms.


ABSTRACT: The response of biochemical and hematological parameters were analyzed in dog snapper (Lutjanus jocu) grown in net cages, as well as for the specimens kept in the laboratory during an infestation by Neobenedenia melleni, and after treatment with freshwater bath and injectable application of levamisole. Significant changes were observed in N. melleni parasitized individuals, characterized by increased glucose and lactate levels, as well as a significant fish hematocrit reduction and leukocyte increase. Treatment with freshwater baths, concomitant with injectable levamisole application, showed therapeutic efficacy in several parameters after 14 days of treatment.


Abstract Although the issue of celebrity endorsement has been the subject of longstanding discussion, little attention has been paid to the impulse purchasing behavior of celebrity followers. This study was conducted from the relationship marketing perspective and tested the impact of parasocial relationships between celebrities and their followers on the impulse purchasing. The proposed model included parasocial relationships, followers' emotional responses to celebrity-based commercials, impulsive buying tendencies, and the availability of money. Data was collected from people who follow a favorite celebrity who previously endorsed a product. We obtained 323 valid samples and performed data analysis with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to test the proposed model. The study illustrated how situational, emotional, and personal factors might influence the impulse buying of celebrity-endorsed products and showed that a stronger para-relationship with the celebrity led to the audience's pleasure and arousal while watching the celebrity endorsement. These two emotions were positively related to the impulse purchasing of celebrity-endorsed products and the purchasing behavior moderated by audiences' impulse buying tendencies and money availability. This study investigated the celebrity endorsement's influence on the audience's impulse purchasing behavior and provided future research directions on celebrity endorsement.


In this work we report the effect of the titania loading to zirconia on the textural properties, morphology and crystallinity on binary oxides. Simple oxides ZrO 2 , TiO 2 and ZrO 2 -TiO 2 binary oxides were synthesized (ZrO 2 /(ZrO 2 +TiO 2 )=0.95, 0.90, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05 molar ratio) by sol-gel technique. The xerogel samples were calcined at 500 and 700 °C for 5 h. The supports were impregnated with copper acetate solution with an appropriated concentration to yield a 6 wt. % copper. The oxides were characterize by means of N 2 adsorption, X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The surface area was increased with the increment of titania to zirconia until it reaches the equimolar oxide on samples calcined at 500 °C. The XRD patterns of the simple oxides shown a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO 2 phases, and anatasa phase of TiO 2 ; last one calcined at 700°C shown a mixture of anatasa and rutile phases. On binary oxides the crystalline phases associated to the oxide in lesser proportion were not observed, suggesting high solubility of TiO 2 in ZrO 2 (tetragonal phase). The XRD pattern of the binary oxide with 0.5 molar ratio calcined at 500°C shows an amorphous material. SEM observations show in all oxides a morphology approximately spherical, being more regular in the titania rich oxides. In these, the cluster size was bigger and more uniform, while in the zirconia rich oxides shown smaller cluster size and more heterogeneous. Similar morphology was observed in binary oxides when titania was incorporated to zirconia, neither when the temperature of calcination was increased.


Objective To explore an effective health management approach for professional workers.Methods Totally,98 Profes-sional workers with body mass index(BMI)≥25 were divided into an observation group and a control group.Workers in the control group were subjected to conventional interventions,such as group education and dietary guidance,etc,while their counterparts in the observation group received class room teaching,peer discussion and energy monitor for one year.The BMI values,waist circumference,daily valid exertion,time and frequency of exertion in both groups were compared.Results After the intervention,the BMI values,waist circumference,daily energy consumption,daily percentage of valid exertion,time and frequency of exertion in both groups were significantly different(P0.05 for all).Conclusion Application of peer education in health management can make workers persist valid exertion in the long run and can reduce body mass index and waist circumference.


This paper examines the U.S. valuation e¤ect (VE) on empirical and theoretical grounds. The empirical results show the importance of the VE for the U.S. during 1976-2015. In particular, the return di¤erential between U.S. assets and liabilities averaged 3.5% and the portfolio investment (PI) was the main contributor to the return di¤erential. Furthermore, the decomposition of the PI return di¤erential into capital gains and exchange rate ‡uctuations provides evidence that most of the valuation changes came from asset price movements and that there was a U.S. dollar appreciation in periods of high asset price volatility. I use the portfolio balance approach in a general equilibrium framework to investigate the underlying factors of the VE channel. The microfoundations for the portfolio composition allow me to characterize the return di¤erential as an equilibrium outcome and to derive the home bias restriction. This constraint not only restrains the solution space of the investors'optimization problem but also increases the disparity of the attitude towards risk between domestic and foreign investors. For this reason, the numerical simulation shows that the standard assumptions of homogeneous investors and logarithmic utility function lead to optimal shares that are inconsistent with the data. Finally, the model is able to replicate some empirical facts of the U.S. VE, speci…cally the appreciation of the U.S. dollar in times of high volatility and the decrease of the return di¤erential after the crisis in 2007. The latter could be explained by higher risk aversion and/or higher volatility of the foreign asset. JEL Classi…cation: F32, F34, G15.


Abstract Ba1-x SrxTiO3 (BST) thin films were deposited by reactive rf-magnetron sputtering onto Si substrates. The influence of the deposition parameters such as temperature and oxygen ambient on the dielectric constant of the films is presented. BST films deposited at 450°C and optimum conditions exhibited a dielectric constant of approximately 200 at frequencies as high as 1GHz. In addition, the films were found to have leakage current densities of <0.1μAmp/cm2 at fields of 5×105V/cm. An extrapolated lifetime greater than 10 years was obtained from stress tests at elevated temperatures and fields. These films compared favorably with published data.


This paper compares different licensing contracts defined by the type of payment (fees or royalties) and contract duration (short- or long-term) in a setting in which an outside patent holder that owns a patented innovation lasting for two periods licenses it to downstream Cournot firms; further, there is asymmetric information about firms' costs emerged from the use of innovation, but they are signaled through the output produced in period 1. In this context, if we concentrate on fee contracts, the patent holder prefers short-term (revealing) contracts rather than long-term contracts.


Moisture outgassing rates from materials are of interest and importance to a variety of different fields. Because water can attack and accelerate decomposition, aging, or rusting of various parts, the assembly of an apparatus with 'wet' materials can shorten the lifetime of the apparatus. Outgassing of moisture from materials can be quite slow and a material that is seemingly dry at the time of assembly may slowly release water over years. This slow release of water will compromise the other constituents of the apparatus (e.g. electrical components, metals, organic materials) and shorten the lifetime of the apparatus. For apparatuses that are expensive or laborious to construct, it is especially important to understand and be able to predict the mechanisms and rates of water release from various materials. Such an understanding can support the development of accurate estimates of the apparatus's serviceable age and may allow for mitigation strategies in order to protect other parts from water. Energetic materials such as TATB based PBX-9502 (95% TATB, 5% Kel-F 800) and LX-17 (92.5% TATB and 7.5% Kel-F) pose a particularly challenging problem because they are heterogeneous materials with potentially many different sources and mechanisms of water release. Water molecules could be adsorbedmore » into the polymeric binder matrix, trapped in occlusions within the polymer and the TATB crystals/particles, or trapped within defect sites in the TATB crystal. Finally, many studies indicate that water is a decomposition product under rapid heating conditions, at high temperatures and/or high pressure. Previous studies have measured the water release rate(s) from LX-17 or PBX-9502 prill/powder in order to establish oven drying times prior to use. These studies limited their time frame to a few days or a week of drying. Other studies have looked at the rate of water release of large pressed parts contained in sealed containers. Finally, some studies have looked at the rate of water diffusion through pressed parts, or the effects of wet vs. dry machining, or the influence of the synthesis methods in the amount of water present. There are a few different models that have been developed to predict the rate of water release from LX-17 or PBX-9502. These models are, to some extent, limited by the limitations of the experiments. Because all these experiments looked at water release over a relatively short period of time and left the samples relatively undamaged, they serve as a lower bound. In this work, we perform experiments and develop models that can serve as an upper bound on the rate and amount of water that can be released. Our experimental approach is to use temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and monitor the rate and amount of water release as a function of temperature. We analyzed our experimental data using two different kinetic analysis methods (isoconversional analysis and nth-order Arrhenius kinetic fits) and used the results to make predictions. The suitability of these kinetic analysis methods as well as the applicability of these experiments to long term aging (e.g. years) issues are discussed. Using the kinetics from our experiments, we predict the water release at temperature and timescales relevant to the existing literature. Based on our analysis and comparison with older data, the kinetic model(s) developed in this work serve as a relatively accurate (i.e. order of magnitude) method for predicting the water release under a variety of thermal histories.« less


We quantify, over inter-continental paths, the ageing of TCP packets, throughput and delay for different TCP congestion control algorithms containing a mix of loss-based, delay-based and hybrid congestion control algorithms. In comparing these TCP variants to ACP+, an improvement over ACP, we shed better light on the ability of ACP+ to deliver timely updates over fat pipes and long paths. ACP+ estimates the network conditions on the end-to-end path and adapts the rate of status updates to minimize age. It achieves similar average age as the best (age wise) performing TCP algorithm but at end-to-end throughputs that are two orders of magnitude smaller. We also quantify the significant improvements that ACP+ brings to age control over a shared multiaccess channel.


The transplantion of operating system for the wireless sensor networks is to modify the hardware-irrelevant layer which makes it work on the different hardware platforms.On this issue,based on the analysis of the structure and hardware-abstract hierarchical on TinyOS 2.0,this paper expatiates how to implement the transplantion on the SoC-based and low-power CC2430 platform and tests the function of the modules.Test results show that the transplanted module works correctly,which lays a solid foundation for the future work.


Li-ion batteries are prone to thermal transients imposed by external environmental conditions and/or operationally-induced self-heating characteristics. The material properties, form factor, and implemented cooling strategy of a battery influence the severity and behavior of thermal transients. In contrast to equilibrated low temperatures (0˚C), both substantial and mild (40 to 0˚C and 10 to 0˚C) temporally transient thermal conditions, result in approximately half of the Li+ ions plate as lithium metal at the anode, as opposed to intercalating, in the first charge. This quantity of plated lithium accelerates capacity loss in subsequent cycles and causes rapid onset of jellyroll collapse (cycles 5-8). The plating process induced by charging under a thermal transient causes a unique drop in voltage during charging, resulting in a negative differential voltage, which is not observed in subsequent cycles when the cell temperature has reached thermal equilibrium or in any equilibrium condition. Because a negative differential voltage is distinct, it provides route for detection to prevent rapid degradation and compromised safety. Accelerated rate calorimetry assesses cell safety after substantial plating and jellyroll collapse induced by charging under a temporally thermal transient condition. Self-heating begins at temperatures as low as 35˚C and can wall rupture provides risk of propagation failures in battery packs. Charging during thermal transients is identified as a plating-prone condition that alters the long-term performance and safety of Li-ion batteries. This work exemplifies the importance of understanding the role of thermal transients in pack assemblies to enable safe operation.


P025 DEEP STRUCTURE OF THE BARENTS PLATE FROM GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS SUMMARY 1 The Barents Plate (BP) is the largest shelf structure of the Arctic region passed starting up Pre- Cambrian through paraplatform platform rift and basin phase of tectonic evolution. As a result a sedimentary cover was formed the total thickness of one reaches to 20 km. Three large tectonosedimentary complexes are distinguished in the sedimentary cover. They are: a lower terrigenouscarbonate complex of Paleozoic a middle mainly carbonate complex of Upper-Devoninan-Permian and an upper terrigenous complex of Permian-Cenozoic age. The BP has mainly continental type of Earth crust although


A new Knapsack cryptosystem which base on automata theory will be introduced in this paper. In this cryptosystem, by using coresidual relationship, a surjection has been constructed between the input and output in a Knapsack cryptosystem whose coefficients are not ultra-increasing. In block encryption algorithm, with finite automata theory the surjection can be concealed by the previous ciphertext. We offer an example to expound how to construct public and private key, and the process of encryption and decryption. We hope the safety of our cryptosystem can obtain further research.


The title rearrangement of the (E-2-alkenyloxy)acetic esters derived from (−)-8-phenylmenthol has been shown to afford the corresponding 3-alkyl-2-hydroxy-4-pentenoic ester with an extremely high level of diastereoface selection (95–97% de) along with a high erythro selectivity (90–93%).


DOI:€10.1016/S0022-5223(03)01226-1 J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;126:1968-1971 Gianfederico Possati Santoliquido, Roberto Flora, Fabiana Girola, Giuseppe Nasso, Paolo Pola and Mario Gaudino, Paolo Tondi, Michele Serricchio, Paola Spatuzza, Angelofunction disease and its relation with midterm radial artery graft patency and endothelial Atherosclerotic involvement of the radial artery in patients with coronary arteryhttp://jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/126/6/1968 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is


The aim
of this paper was the comparison of the higher order nonverbal abilities, between
young children and older adults. In specific, 42 kindergarten and 56 elementary
school students (age range: 5 - 8 years), as well as 118 new-old adults and 27
old-old adults (age range: 61 - 88 years), were examined in the Children's
Category Test-Level 1 (CCT-1). Findings from the Confirmatory Factor Analyses that were
applied to data, possibly reflect the delay of development of
general abstraction and working memory in the group of kindergarten students
and the decline of them in the group of old-old adults.


CITATION: Lester, N. & Corubolo, D. 2015. The sources of South African equity fund performance. In Actuarial Society 2015 Convention, 17–18 November 2015, Sandton Convention Centre, Sandton, Johannesburg.


It is estimated that 70% to 80% of non methane HCs have not been converted by the catalytic converter and been directly exhausted into the air.The research shows that HC emissions from gasoline engines may be reduced greatly by using the catalytic converter in some suitable conditions. Some feasible and practical plans are put forward in this paper.


This document summarizes the large program of chemical research and development which led to selection of fuel and coolant compositions for the Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) and for subsequ...


With the mass tourism shifting to the mass leisure,tourism for leisure,especially vacation and recreation for leisure has become fashionable since reform and opening up.The emerging destinations for leisure,the business cities and traditional destinations for sightseeing have given greater attention to industrialization of recreation,by strengthening the recreation industry,creating recreation attractions,and constructing a leisure culture atmosphere,so as to ease the tourism resources and its environment pressure,add new economy growth points,develop from tourism economy to leisure economy,and promote sustainable development of regional tourism.The phenomena typically exist in Guangdong Province,where comparatively tourist resources of sightseeing are in shortage,while tourist resources of recreation are abundant.


Establishing the Athlete Welfare programme at the Olympic Games. I worked on this for many years—to see it implemented in Rio in 2016 was a real career highlight for me. I hope this will protect athletes in the future, and prevent harassment and abuse in all sports!

…. Don't ask!! ☺

Definitely the 2008 Olympic Games when I watched the inaugural 10k marathon swim in Beijing. I witnessed a disabled swimmer—Nathalie du Toit from South Africa—compete in the able-bodied event. Her courage and strength were inspiring.

While I could say some of the studies I have conducted, papers I have authored or the Olympic Games I have worked at, my most valuable contribution to the field is (hopefully) the help and care I give on a daily basis in my clinic to athletes of all shapes, sizes and abilities over the past 30 years.

The numerous athletes over the years that overcome adversity to strive for improvement and to reach personal goals—athletes who have overcome profound physical injury and emotional abuse issues. Their courage and fortitude make them all heroes in my eyes.

Perseverance, resilience and creativity. Wait—that is three skills; I guess another skill is not following exact directions!

Saying 'yes' when opportunities came my way. Although, in reality, I had to make some of my opportunities …


Na-K-ATPase is intimately associated with the active transport of electrolytes in many tissues. In rabbit nephrone segment, dexamethasone has been proved to stimulate the Na-K-ATPase activity. Here we studied the influence of dexamethasone on Na-K-ATPase activity of rabbit iris-ciliary body. The iris-ciliary body of albino rabbit was placed in RPMI medium supplimented with 10% fetal calf serum and dexamethasone. After 24 hours incubation, the Na-K-ATPase activity was measured in crude tissue homogenate. The baseline Na-K-ATPase activity was 401±37 nmoles Pi/mg protein/hr. Stimulation of Na-K-ATPase activity was observed over a range of dexamethasone concentration (0.01 to 1 μg/ml). Maximal stimulation (44% above control level) was achieved with 1 μg/ml dexamethasone. However at high concentrations (>10 μg/ml), Na-K-ATPase activity was decreased markedly. These studies show that dexamethasone can stimulate Na-K-ATPase activity of rabbit irisciliary body at very low concentration, and this enzyme stimulation might have some contribution to the pressure elevation after dexamethasone administration in vivo.


Arabic poetry, for its well-established history in Nigeria, has always been of paramount importance to the Nigeria Arabic poets because of its cultural and religious purposes. As a result of its high demand among the preceding, and the eventful activities of the succeeding scholars, its beauty has remained a sparkling lustre, and continued to cope with the waves of life. Nigeria is a country naturally divided into three regions; the north and east, and south. Each region with its language and customs that provide link among its members, and at same time, distinguish it from the other. Majority of Nigerian Arabic poets, till date, remain predominantly in the two regions, north and south largely because of Islam and Muslims strength in the areas. Their strategic locations have created a stark difference in the emergence of Islam and Arabic language, hence the evolution Arabic poem in both. It's on this fact that this article attempts a historical study of the emergence and development of Arabic poetry in both regions whose inhabitants are Hausa and Yoruba tribes.


Annotation. The article reveals the multifaceted heritage of the work of the outstanding Polish composer Stanisław Moniuszko, especially his vocal lyrics. The main attention is focused on characterizing the peculiarities of the modern interpretation of the composer's works in original arrangements for solo vocal and instrumental performance accompanied by a brass band. The experience of the Polish city of Lobez in implementing concert projects, the main idea of which is not only to popularize the work of Stanisław Moni uszko, but also to develop cultural policy in general, is revealed. The article describes many creative teams from different countries that enriched this cultural project by rethinking the master's work and reinterpreting his works.


In this paper guidance laws to intercept stationary and constant velocity targets at a desired impact angle, based on sliding mode control theory, are proposed. The desired impact angle, which is defined in terms of a desired line-of-sight (LOS) angle, is achieved in finite time by selecting the missile's lateral acceleration (latax) to enforce non-singular terminal sliding mode on a switching surface designed using this desired LOS angle and based on non-linear engagement dynamics. Numerical simulation results are presented to validate the proposed guidance laws for different initial engagement geometries and impact angles.


The aim of this research is to bring forward the impact of project based learning ability over the metacognitive skills and self-sufficiency and bring about a new product by students' skills to create things with project based learning method. In this research, qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques are used together (Mixed method). In the 2012-2013 education year, from Ihsan Kursunoglu Middle School- Atasehir Istanbul, twenty-five fifth grade students constitude the research. For this class, students are chosen randomly form two classes that whose students choose to study computer lesson. For data collecting tool, metacognitive skills scale, self-sufficiency perception scale and observation form are applied and project evaluation form is used with self-evaluation and peer evaluation form "Pretest-posttest experiment pattern" is based for trial modal, and to check the dependent group the t-test is applied for seeing the difference between the average of pre and post tests. Observation form, self-evaluation and peer evaluation forms, and the information that gathered from the project evaluation scales, in terms of qualitative, analyzed with content analysis technique .According to the findings of this research, the project based learning skill makes meaningful difference over perception of self-sufficiency and over-knowing skills, and in the end of weekly qualitative analysis, groups behavior changed in positive direction as well.


The main objective of the experiments on the collision of heavy ultra-relativistic ions at CERN (Switzerland) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (USA) is to create quarkgluon plasma. This state of matter is expected to appear at energy densities of order 2.5 GeV fmÿ3, when a phase transition from nucleon matter to quark-gluon plasma (i.e. the deconfinement of quarks) must occur. Some evidence for quark-gluon plasma was seen in collision experiments on lead ions at CERN in 2000. Now Brookhaven physicists have performed similar experiments on gold ions, in which energies ten times higher than those at CERNwere achieved.Whether Pb‡Pb and Au‡Au collisions succeeded in compressing matter into quark-gluon plasma, however, remains an open question, but some unexpected results have been obtained. It is known that in nuclear collisions, apart from their disintegration products Ð i.e. lighter particles and neutrons Ð a lot of other particles appear, which form a dense and hot fireball and blast away from the collision point. In the Brookhaven Au‡Au experiment, the particle production rate was much higher than expected, and the particle production stage in the fireball was much shorter that predicted theoretically. The observation that the particle production stage shortens with increasing energy also disagrees with calculations. Source: http://unisci.com/stories/20012/0501012.htm


In an attempt to gain insight in the mode of inclusion of sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs into β-cyclodextrin (βCD), the molecular structures of the inclusion complexes of three such drugs, tolbutamide (TBM), tolazamide (TLZ) and glimepiride (GLP), have been determined for the first time by X-ray crystallography. The drugs share a common moiety, a H-bond forming sulfonylurea group in the middle, flanked by a tolyl-group at one end and an additional hydrophobic group (different in the three drugs) at the other end, GLP being further elongated by a 2-pyrrolidinone moiety at the tolyl end. The structures of the inclusion complexes comprise βCD dimers aligned in channels. The hydrophobic groups enter the cavities of two adjacent βCD dimers from the primary sides, whereas the hydrophilic sulfonylurea moiety is located in-between, forming H-bonds with the hosts without disturbing the dimers. In the GLP/βCD complex, the pyrrolidinone extension threads the βCD cavity and emerges from the secondary side. These results are supported by NMR 2D ROESY spectra in aqueous solutions. The extended length of GLP imposes a change in the crystal packing placing the βCD dimers further apart. However, the overall inclusion mode of the three drugs is the same, thus a common inclusion and crystallization process is proposed for sulfonylurea drugs. The structures of the complexes explain the effects of complexation on dissolution, bioavailability and hypoglycemic activity.


The article is on international humanitarian law (IHL) and is a selective examination of the situation of armed conflict in a context to gender specific crime most relevant to Pakistan. Pakistan remains engage in multiple and overlapping conflicts since decades. It started from Afghanistan and since then Pakistan faces heavy losses in term of human and economic loss both. Pakistan has been tremendously damaged from inside, the trade and businesses, investments, shifting downs of the imports and exports and lack of foreign tourism, all of this had created a chaos in the country. This article talks about the impacts of armed conflict on women. Other most traumatic impacts happen when women are sexually abused and children enlisted as child soldier, women and children become displaced refugee, and public health organization, are lacking or inaccessible.


Teacher was compared to a God and treated as a combination of the Trimurty (Brahma, Vishnu and Maheswar) as well as the supreme one. The teacher occupies a pivotal position in the system of education. The teacher is the backbone of the educational system, maker of the mankind and architect of the nation. Teaching is a scared profession. The society places high hopes on a teacher. Keeping the importance of Teaching Profession an attempt has made through this study by the investigators to know the attitude of secondary school teachers towards Teaching Profession in Purulia District of West Bengal. The present study was based on survey method, particularly, the normative survey research method. One hundred eighty teachers (both male and female) teaching in Social and General Science streams were taken as representative sample of the whole population. An attitude scale was used for collecting the data. The means of both groups were tested for significance of difference by using 'CR' test. It was found that, the attitude of secondary school teachers of Purulia district of West Bengal is neither more favourable nor unfavourable towards Teaching Profession i.e., satisfactory or average in attitude towards Teaching Profession.


The relationship between statically measured geometric parameters (tolerances) and the aerodynamic performance of an airfoil are investigated in this paper. The goal is to determine which geometric parameters are critical to control during manufacturing, such that a blade will have acceptable aerodynamic performance. A probabilistic model of geometric variability for a three-dimensional blade is derived. Using this geometric model, probabilistic aerodynamic simulations are conducted to analyze the variability in aerodynamic performance. Tolerance optimization is then applied in which tolerance ranges are modified to best sort blades according to some arbitrary performance limit. The optimization is performed for several limits, expressed as a percent of nominal performance, to observe both which parameters best predict performance and the accuracy of that prediction at each limit. Two blade cases are considered, both based on the same compressor blade: the base compressor blade with nominal manufacturing noise; and a probabilistic redesign of the blade geometry designed to minimize the impact of manufacturing noise, also analyzed with nominal manufacturing noise. Results show the best static indicators of meanline performance are parameters concerning the LE of the airfoil, and the effectiveness of these parameters vary greatly depending on the chosen performance limit. In addition, it was shown that the optimized tolerances for the redesigned blade were consistently looser, or less restrictive, than those for the original blade population for a given performance limit. The differences in observed optimized tolerance ranges are small for less restrictive performance limits but at more aggressive performance limits, there is a 20–30% increase in tolerance range for the redesigned blade population.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


The Foley bag catheter, because of its simplicity, is an extremely valuable instrument for urologie purposes. However, the catheter has its trouble-making capacities. In addition to becoming obstructed, the balloon sometimes becomes exasperatingly difficult to deflate. The obstructive causes of bag retention are angulation, powder from gloves and other equipment, lint or cotton, blood clot, hemostatic crushing, or an imperfection (rubber flap over opening into the balloon or a bleb in the inflating tube) occurring in manufacture. To prevent such mishaps, one should test the catheter before using, be certain catheters are not powdered and have not been stored with powdered goods, and instruct nurses to use fresh sterile water to inflate the balloon. There are various means of deflating this catheter if difficulties should arise. It may be necessary to overinflate the bag to the point of rupture. The 5 cc. bag frequently holds as much as 85 to


The dispersion of surface waves is investigated herein for a half-space of a jointed rock medium with a single set of regular joints with an arbitrary angle between the free surface and the joint plane. The intact rock layers are assumed to be linearly elastic, and the joint response is prescribed by linear traction-slip relations. Since the exact surface wave analysis of the jointed half-space is difficult due to a multitude of joints in the domain of the analysis, a high-order homogenization model, proposed by Murakami and Hegemier (1989) is adopted. The model incorporates accurately the harmonic wave dispersion in a jointed full space and is capable of predicting the surface wave propagation down to the wavelength of the order of approximately two intact layer thicknesses. For a jointed half-space with the angle between the joint plane and the free surface less than approximately 30° the surface wave phase velocity spectra is found to exhibit dramatic dispersion. The surface wave velocity increases as much as 87% for the angle 0° and 39% for the angle 30° as the wave number or frequency increases. This dispersion characteristic of the surface wave is due to the dispersion of plane shear waves in a jointed full space in the waveguide direction. The effect of surface wave dispersion in the time domain has been investigated by solving Lamb's problem under plane strain. A jointed half-space with joint planes parallel to the free surface has been analyzed by the finite element method. The time history of velocity and displacement at different observation points exhibits spreading of waves due to dispersion. Surface wave in a half space covered by a solid layer with lower shear wave velocity exhibits the phase velocity reduction with the wave number. It is interesting to note that the surface wave dispersion observed in jointed half-spaces with joint angle between 0° and 30° exhibits the opposite trend.


The aim of this survey was to evaluate Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 fate during production process of 'Nduja, traditional italian Salami. For this purpose the kneading for processing provided by Salumificio artigianale F.lli Pugliese was contaminated with mixtures of these microorganisms, then bagged and seasoned according to the processing of the producer. The results of this challenge test showed that the seasoning of the product reduces the concentration of microorganisms artificially added.