Introduction The information revolution of the past twenty years has transformed society, business and culture, placing preeminence on the ability to access and use information (Rice, 1995). Across the globe in an educational context, government and private sector initiatives have led to an unprecedented rapid injection of computer based technologies into school systems. For example, in America, Clinton's Technological Literacy Plan provided two billion dollars over a five year period for the development of Information Technology in schools (Whitehouse, 1996). In the UK, the Government's manifesto pledged to set up a National Grid for Learning (Government Consultation paper 1997, 1998). It has since supported this commitment with substantial funding programmes, in the Stevenson report (Blair, 1996) and in various Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) documentation (e.g.. DfEE, 2000). The latter stated that the UK Government was fully committed to ensuring that all schools and teachers were in a position to deploy new information and communication technologies (ICT) to raise standards, enhance learning and prepare young people with the ICT skills they would need in society and at work in the 21st Century 1. This paper is particularly concerned with exploring the area of enhanced learning in the context of ICT. Within this framework Computer Aided Learning (CAL), cognitive style and effective learning will all be discussed from the perspective of the designer and the user of such learning materials. The review of existing literature will be carried out to investigate the author's belief that there is a need to research the relationship between the cognitive styles of the designers of CAL materials and the cognitive style of those who wish to learn using CAL materials. Background The design of educational software that would support pupils in developing ICT skills has been prolific. However, the variety of educational settings in which the software has been found has been disappointingly limited. NCET (2000) in their report evaluating Integrated Learning Systems in the UK provided evidence to suggest that too often CAL has been used only for remedial work, whilst an analysis conducted by Boucher, Davis, Dillon, Hobbs & Tearle (1997) suggested that the majority of subjects using CAL tended to be ones where: routine or mechanical skills played an important role; the knowledge component could be precisely defined; there was a well-defined professional base. The pedagogical advantages of CAL have all been well researched (e. Benefits have been reported in terms …


This paper reports on a study concerned with the numerical simulation of dough mixing that arises in the food processing industry. The flows considered are in a complex domain setting. Two dough mixers at various rotation speeds are studied; one with one stirrer and the other with two stirrers. Numerical simulations are based on three dimensions in the cylindrical polar coordinates system. The results reflect close agreement with the equivalent experimental results. The motivation for this work is to develop and advance technology to model the mixing of dough. The ultimate target is to predict and adjust the design of dough mixers, so that optimal dough processing may be achieved notably, with reference to work input on the dough.


Low profitability of livestock production has currently a negative impact on the ecological situation in the areas of high concentration of livestock that is often complicated by the close proximity of livestock enterprises to settlements and lack of adequate quantities of agricultural land. Of particular concern is the negative impact on the environment of manure removal from the premises, its accumulation, storage and subsequent use. According to 2014 calculations,151.3 milliontons of manure were producedon the farms withfifty to several thousand head of cattle, withno more than 25 % being used as a fertilizer each year. FGBNU VNIIMZH has developed technologies and technical means of safe removal of cattle manure and its preparation for further use; these technologies allow the livestock enterprises to comply with the requirements of environmental protection while maintaining soil fertility and providing crop yields and livestock productivity.


Design constraints describe the intent of IC designers when developing electronic circuits. Constraints from, e.g., electrical and thermal domains are transformed into corresponding physical constraints for layout design. Physical constraints can also be derived from circuit patterns or extracted layout netlists. The constraint verification is of utmost importance to guarantee the intended function of the final IC. Individual constraints often span multiple hierarchy levels, thus requiring a fully hierarchical verification approach. A novel, modular, and extensible industrial-strength approach is presented to (1) derive analog-focused design constraints from an existing circuit or extracted layout netlist, and (2) verify analog constraints such as clustering, matched orientation, matched parameters, alignment, and symmetry across multiple design hierarchy levels. Experimental results for real-world automotive IC designs demonstrate its feasibility.


The Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian language is analyzed as a source of information about neologisms, which have appeared at the end of the 20th century. We consider derivational neologisms represented in this dictionary and give their classification.


Objective To explore on the teaching method and teaching effect of the elective course named interpersonal relationship and art of intercourse in medical colleges.Method Various teaching methods including lecture with demonstration,case analysis,simulated,games and practice were applied.Questionnaire was used to know about the students' opinion on the teaching.Results The students were satisfied with the teaching and they considered that the teaching contents were practical and helpful to increase their knowledge of interpersonal communication and to develop their communication ability in the future.Conclusions It is necessary to estabhsh the elective course of interpersonal relationship and art of intercourse.Through learning the students can establish good cognition basis of interpersonal communication,master the basic principies and methods of interpersonal communication and know the basic proprieties knowledge.It is an important guarantee to improve teaching effect and achieve the teaching goal that teachers with good teaching art and behavior design appropriate teaching method for different teaching contents.

Key words:
Interpersonal relationship and art of intercourse; Medical college; Teaching method; Teaching effect


Electrical energy storage batteries are a form of this supporting technology. Lithium batteries are considered the most suitable battery technology for many types of electronic devices today. Waste of used batteries will also increase as LIB production increases. The recycling process is one way to dispose of used batteries because they contain high levels of heavy metals, which pose a significant risk. The most common treatment method for battery recycling is hydrometallurgy. The most important of the various hydrometallurgical steps is the leaching process. The mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP) will be the product of the precipitation on the NMC metal. Na2SO4 is always an impurity present in MHP products. Therefore, the MHP still needs to be purified to achieve the highest possible purity so that it can be used as a cathode in battery manufacturing. Raman's spectroscopic was used to analyze the characteristic of MHP purification with variation 30, 50, 70 and 90 oC.


In recent years Image forgery plays important role in many areas like Internet, Forensic department, Passports, License, and Educational certificates etc. Several types of Image forgeries are available such as copy-move, copy-paste, cut-copy. In our work we focused on copy-move image forgery. To identify the forgery region in an image we proposed the adaptive over segmentation and key point matching algorithm. Lots of researchers already proposed algorithm for copy move forgery scheme. But still now the computational complexity is high. It can be reduced in our work by dividing image into non overlapping blocks of image region. The blocks of SIFT features are matched with neighboring block features and locate the forgery region. The experimental shows that we achieved high recall rate under different transform (DCT, SVD, FMT).


Optical fiber sensors are suitable for measuring almost all magnitudes these days. This article describes one new possible area of optical fiber sensors. These sensors use for their function fundamentals of redistribution of power inside optical fiber. This principle should allow constructing a very sensitive optical fiber sensor. We designed novel optical fiber that affords utilizing of optical fiber for telecommunications and measurement at the same time. This fiber is designed to work on two wavelengths. This fiber works on telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm in single mode regime and works on measurement wavelength of 850 nm in quasi-single mode regime. The refractive index profiles of real fabricated optical fiber samples and their development are shown in this article as well. All fiber samples were made thanks to grant cooperation with Academy of Science of the Czech Republic. The aim of this article is that brings new approach to utilization of optical fiber as a sensor based on redistribution of optical power among several guided modes and to show novel optical fiber structure design that agrees with conditions for such operations.


Alfalfa was grown hydroponicalHy in 0, 0.6, and 4.8 millimolar K in order to determine the influence of tissue level of K on photosynthesis, dark respiration, photorespiration, stomatal and mesophyll resistance to CO2, photosystem I and II activity, and synthesis and activity of ribulose 1,5bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPc). A severe (0.0 millimolar) and mild (0.6 millimolar) K deficiency, compared to plants grown at 4.8 millimolar K, produced a significant decrease in photosynthesis and photorespiration, but an increase in dark respiration. Both deficient K levels increased hydrophyllic resistance to C02, but only the severe deficiency increased stomatal resistance. Photosystem I and II activity of isolated chloroplasts was not affected by K deficiency. The apparent activity of a crude RuBPc preparation was significantly reduced in severely deficient plants. Activity of the enzyme could not be restored to normal rates by the addition of K to the reaction medium. The specific activity of RuBPc isolated from severely K-deficient and Ksufficient leaflets was not significantly different, suggesting that K does not function in RuBPc activity. Incorporation of I'4Clleucine into RuBPc, as a measure of synthesis, by K-deficient leaflets was reduced to 15% of Ksufficient leaflets. The addition of K to the reaction medium stimulated I'4Clleucine incorporation into RuBPc and 10 millimolar KNO3 increased incorporation to 80% of K-sufficient leaflets. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide suppressed the K-stimulated incorporation of I'4Clleucine into RuBPc, suggesting that the K-stimulated synthesis of RuBPc most likely represents de novo synthesis. K deficiency has been shown to reduce the rate of photosynthesis in numerous higher plants (2, 10, 12, 13, 18, 19). Cooper et al. (3) attributed the decrease in photosynthesis of K-deficient alfalfa to a decrease in stomatal number and aperture size. Reduction in photosynthesis of K-deficient corn was attributed to increased stomatal resistance (4, 9). A combination of increased stomatal and mesophyll resistance to CO2 was thought to reduce photosynthesis in K-deficient sugarbeets (20, 21). Since K is the major solute in turgid guard cells (6), it is reasonable to suggest that K deficiency will result in stomatal closure. In the presence of Na, low K increased stomatal resistance less, but mesophyll resistance remained high (21). These results suggest that the role of K in regulating photosynthesis may be within mesophyll cells. The nature of increased mesophyll resistance in K-deficient tissue is not clear. Chloroplast electron transport was decreased in K-deficient spinach and sunflower (16) and tomato (18), but not ' Published with the approval of the Director of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station as Scientific Contribution No. 946. The results of this paper formed part of the senior author's Ph.D. dissertation. 2 Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721. in corn (1). Phosphoenolpyruvate-stimulated CO2 fixation in enzyme preparations from K-deficient sweet potato leaves was significantly decreased and could not be restored to normal rates by the addition of K to the reaction buffer (22). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of tissue level of K on CO2 assimilation, chloroplast electron transport, and diffusive resistances in alfalfa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material. Clonal propagules derived from a single plant of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cv. 'Iroquois' were established in hydroponic sand culture. The composition of the nutrient solution in mm was: NH4H2PO4, 1.0; Mg(NO3)2, 1.0; and MgSO4, 2.0. Micronutrients were supplied in the following concentrations, expressed as ,m: H3BO3, 38; CuSO4, 10.0; MnCl2, 9.2; H2MoO4, 0.5; monosodium ferric EDTA (Sequestrene NaFe), 172; and Sequestrene Na2Zn, 1.0. K was supplied as KNO3 at 0.0, 0.6, and 4.8 mm K. Concentration of Ca(NO3)2 was 6.5, 6.2, and 4.6 and that of CaCl2 was 0, 0.3, and 2.4 mm for the 0, 0.6, and 4.8 mm K solutions, respectively. One plant per crock was established and the crocks were arranged in a completely randomized block design with eight replications. Crocks were subirrigated every 2 h during the day and every 4 h at night. Nutrient solutions were changed every 2 weeks. The temperature in the greenhouse was 25/20 ± 5 C day/night, and the average daily solar radiation was approximately 310 cal cm-2 day-'. Plants were cut back to a 5-cm stubble when they reached the 'ho bloom stage and had attained approximately 20 days of regrowth (early bud stage) at the time of measurement. Gas Exchange. Photosynthesis, transpiration, dark respiration, and stomatal and mesophyll resistance to CO2 diffusion were measured on 20 individual attached leaves (fourth fully expanded leaf from the top) per treatment using an air-sealed leaf chamber (26), Beckman model 865 IR gas analyzer, and Cambridge model 880 dew point hygrometer. Each parameter was calculated according to previously derived equations (14). The apparatus and technique used for gas exchange measurements were described previously (14). Dark respiration was determined on the same leaf immediately following the light measurement. Photorespiration of leaflets was estimated according to the ['4Cjglycolic acid method of Zelitch (27). Leaf K. Following gas exchange measurements, each leaf (three leaflets) was dried at 70 C for I week and analyzed for K content according to the method of Thomas et al. (23). PSI and PSII Analysis. Reduction of NADP+ and ferricyanide was determined by the spectrophotometric methods of Trebst (24) as a measure of PSI and PSII activity. Chloroplasts were isolated from 10 g depetiolated leaves from each plant in 25 ml extraction buffer (15). RuBPc.3 The apparent activity of RuBPc (EC 22.214.171.124) was ' Abbreviations: RuBPc: ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase; RuBP: ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.


This paper focuses on analyzing the characteristics and recent evolution of the Romanian insurance market. Comparisons between Romania and other European countries will be performed and the relationship between the development of the insurance market and the economic development will be investigated. The causal relationships and the degree of interdependence between these phenomena will be described using quantitative techniques. The results obtained will enable us to assess the expected performance and impact of Solvency II Directive from the perspective of Horizon 2020 Programme in Romania and in the broader context of the European Union countries.


Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus is a lactic acid bacterium widely used in the dairy food industry. Since the industrial processes are a succession of constraints, it is essential to under- stand the behaviour of L. bulgaricus when facing usual stresses. The influence of heat stress was inves- tigated on the viability of L. bulgaricus cells grown in a chemically defined medium. The suscepti- bility of cells to heat-shock was obvious only above 55 °C. We investigated the acquisition of thermotolerance as a result of exposure to a moderate heat-shock, and the acquisition of a cross- stress-tolerance by exposure to a mild osmotic stress. When cells were submitted, before lethal tem- perature challenge (65 °C), to a heat pre-treatment at 50 °C or to a hyper-osmotic pre-treatment, the viability of cells increased. For the industrial strain RD 546, the addition of glycine betaine (GB) in 0.4 mol.L -1 NaCl during the pre-treatment decreased the acquired thermotolerance, while GB alone enhanced cell viability. The thermotolerance of the type strain was not influenced by GB. We demon- strated that the stress tolerance induced by a moderate heat-shock was dependent on protein syn- thesis, while the effect of GB on RD 546 thermotolerance was independent of such biosynthesis. Thermotolerance acquired in presence of GB depends on a strain-dependant mechanism that dif- fers from the mechanism involved after a moderate heat-shock. heat-shock response / cross-protection / osmotic stress / betaine / thermoadaptation


Preface Abbreviations 1. The Normans and Empire 2. The Experience of Empire 3. William the Conqueror as Maker of Empire 4. Hegemony 5. Core, Periphery, and Networks 6. Empire: From Beginning to End Bibliography


AbstrcatThis paper has analyzed the causes of the defects with the die-forgings of the 2All aluminum alloy propeller blades as the curling etc.Based on it,the prevention measures against the defects have been put forward from the selection of the parameters of the processes such as heating,forging and quenching etc,and from the aspect of the die machining.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a noise source searching equipment for printed board in which noise intensity distribution dependent on the fluctuation of frequency can be analyzed in a short time by decreasing the number of measuring times. SOLUTION: An image of a printed board 1 to be measured is taken into a personal computer 11 and a micro antenna probe 13b is scanned, at a scanning section 13, along the two-dimensional plane of the printed board 1 in order to detect a radiation noise. The radiation noise is subjected to frequency analysis by means of a spectrum analyzer 14 and the intensity level is stored in the memory of the personal computer 11 along with the positional information of each measuring section. Subsequently, map data are generated and displayed on a display 21 while being superposed on image data. The personal computer 11 generates the map data based on the spectrum data over the entire frequency range and the positional information.


Alert fusion includes alert normalization,verification,aggregation and correlation.Alert fusion model based on multi-component analysis can implement each aspect of alert fusion.The module is the leading issue of safety management and research of intrusion detection field.Experimental results show that the model is effective and efficient.


The authors describe the pilot study made to evaluate the performance of the system and to coordinate three intersections. It is shown that the Micro-Master has the capability to coordinate up to eight intersections in the same fashion as can a minicomputer for 20 intersections, but at approximately 10 percent of the cost.


Expressive Power of SQL.- Query Evaluation via Tree-Decompositions.- Scalar Aggregation in FD-Inconsistent Databases.- On Decidability and Complexity of Description Logics with Uniqueness Constraints.- Expressiveness Issues and Decision Problems for Active Database Event Queries.- A Theory of Transactions on Recoverable Search Trees.- Minimizing View Sets without Losing Query-Answering Power.- Cost Based Data Dissemination in Broadcast Networks.- Parallelizing the Data Cube.- Asymptotically Optimal Declustering Schemes for Range Queries.- Flexible Data Cubes for Online Aggregation.- Mining for Empty Rectangles in Large Data Sets.- FUN: An Efficient Algorithm for Mining Functional and Embedded Dependencies.- Axiomatization of Frequent Sets.- On Answering Queries in the Presence of Limited Access Patterns.- The Dynamic Complexity of Transitive Closure Is in DynTC Degrees.- Query Languages for Constraint Databases: First-Order Logic, Fixed-Points, and Convex Hulls.- A Semi-monad for Semi-structured Data (ICDT Version).- Algebraic Rewritings for Optimizing Regular Path Queries.- Why and Where: A Characterization of Data Provenance.- Subsumption for XML Types.- Towards Aggregated Answers for Semistructured Data.- Orthogonal Range Queries in OLAP.- Reasoning about Summarizability in Heterogeneous Multidimensional Schemas.- Estimating Range Queries Using Aggregate Data with Integrity Constraints: A Probabilistic Approach.- Constraint-Based Clustering in Large Databases.- On the Surprising Behavior of Distance Metrics in High Dimensional Space.- On Optimizing Nearest Neighbor Queries in High-Dimensional Data Spaces.


The invention relates to a method for processing a carbon dioxide-rich sour gas in a Claus process; are freed by the technical gases of undesirable sulfur compounds, the sulfur components are removed by a selective solvent in a gas scrubbing and wherein the liberated in the regeneration of acid gas, is consisting separated from sulfur compounds and carbon dioxide in at least two acid gas fractions, at least one acid gas fraction higher with a content is obtained of sulfur components and said gas fraction contained the highest hydrogen sulphide content with an oxygen in the thermal reaction stage of the Claus furnace via a burner, the sulfur components contained are converted to sulfur dioxide and being located the hot combustion gases in the downstream of the burner closed Claus reaction chamber are discharged, and wherein the remaining, coming from the regeneration device, depleted in sulfur components sour gas fractions the Claus reaction space fed who to and mix with the leaving the burner fuel gases. The invention also relates to a device with which this method is carried out, comprising an absorption column, at least one expulsion stage, a regeneration column, a Claus burner which is equipped with a bypass control, and a Claus reactor.


Early erbium and CO2 lasers failed to gain wide acceptance in the dental community because their optical drilling speeds were slower in comparison to the mechanical bur. This has changed in the past few years; much faster ablation speeds are now possible and dental lasers with variable square pulse technology even exceed the drilling speeds of conventional burs. In this paper we report on a clinical study of the safety of the latest Er:YAG lasers, which operate in high speed MAX mode. Pulpal inflammatory response to cavity preparation on erupted caries and restoration-free third molars in need of extraction were analyzed. Teeth were bioprepared and examined for the presence of an inflammatory response. The sensitivity of the patients following cavity preparation was also ranked and compared with the control group. The results show that the variable square pulse Er:YAG lasers operating in high speed MAX mode cause no permanent pulpal damage and can be safely used for fast cavity preparations.


Higher Hopes for Denser Living explores the current constraints in existing medium-density housing in New Zealand. People traditionally see suburban architecture as a single standalone dwelling with a big backyard where there is a sense of privacy between them and their neighbours. The vision of a suburban home is based on past memories, and not necessarily adapted to the current context and constraints of future housing needs. The experiences of 'home' are of great importance as they contribute to the resident's wellbeing and satisfaction.
Medium-density housing is a major growth area in New Zealand urban developments. As the need for greater housing density increases, improving the quality of design in medium-density housing will raise the appeal to New Zealanders. There is a growing agreement that medium-density housing developments are part of the answer to New Zealand's housing supply issues. However, there is less agreement on what constitutes good quality medium-density housing and how this may assist in enhancing livability for those who live in these areas.
The Wellington suburb of Kilbirnie will be explored as it is an existing dense suburban area in Wellington with connection to the city. An opportunity exists here to enhance livability and vitality* within and around the town centre through quality residential intensification. Kilbirnie currently has a limited range of housing choices, particularly in terms of medium-density terrace and townhouses. Providing more choice would improve vitality and safety and help to maintain a wider range of services and will ensure the town centre maintains its role as a key social and communal hub for the southern and eastern suburbs of Wellington.


The spontaneous hydrolysis of 3-hydroxy-2-pyridylmethyl phosphate was investigated at 60, 70, and 80°C over the–log[H+] range from 1 to 10 in aqueous media with an ionic strength of 0.10. The reactions followed apparent first-order kinetics with respect to the unreacted phosphate species, and the maximum rate was observed at–log[H+] 7–8. Reactive species in hydrolysis were neutral zwitterion, monoanion, and dianion species, the reactivity increasing in this order. This trend in reactivity order has not been observed previously. In a moderately acidic region (–log[H+]<2.0), kinetic data were consistent with the acid catalysis acting on the zwitterion species. Activation parameters provide an evidence for the unimolecular nature of the transition state in spontaneous hydrolysis and suggest the Al process for the acid catalyzed reaction. The anomalously high reactivity of the dianion species was attributed to participation of the 3-hydroxy group in the reaction process: intramolecular transfer of the hydroxy...


Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) comprise up to 85 per cent of all peripheral aneurysms. Few longitudinal studies track their progression. This study aimed to track the growth of asymptomatic PAAs in a hospital‐based ultrasound service, and compare models of aneurysm growth.


According to the development of NGN core soft-switch technology,voice communication control system will ultimately evolve from the circuit-switch voice system to the soft-switch voice system.First the composition of the VoIP voice system is provided,then the server construction and analysis based on Asterisk and FreePBX is brought forward and finally the protocol stack and implement method which the VoIP softphone terminal will adopt is promoted.Therefore one type of VoIP voice system can be realized.


ObjectiveTo investigate personality and psychological defense mechanisms of suspects in forensic psychiatric expertise.Method31 suspects and 31 normal persons were assessed with MMPI.ResultsThe scores of suspects were more than normal persons except L,K,Mf and Ma in basic scales.the scores of P,N,A were more than normal persons but M was lower than normal persons;the scores of VL,CR,EC,DR,SA were more than normal persons;the scores of RG,DP,PR were more than normal persons.ConclusionPersonality of suspects in forensic psychiatric expertise were abnormal and psychological defense mechanisms were more mature.


The invention discloses a method for inspecting acid-fast bacilli by liquid-based thin-layer cell smears. The method comprises the following steps: collecting a specimen, and collecting 2-5ml of sputum of a subject; preparing a treating liquid, and preparing a sputum pretreating liquid for inspecting acid-fast bacilli by the liquid-based thin-layer cell smears; centrifuging, adding the sputum into the prepared sputum pretreating liquid, and vibrating for multiple seconds; preparing a section, absorbing multiple milliliters of the sputum at the bottom of a sputum pretreating liquid test tube by a sucker, putting the sputum into a section preparation bin, putting the section preparation bin into a section preparation machine, and taking out the section preparation bin to dry when the section preparation machine completes the preparation; and carrying out acid-fast staining and microscopic inspection. Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the positive incidence for inspecting acid-fast bacilli by sputum thick smears is improved by tens of times; the tuberculosis infection source can be found out as soon as possible; the tuberculosis can be treated early if being found out early; the burden of patients is relieved; the tuberculosis expansion can be controlled.


The Ursula K. Abbott Symposium on Developmental Genetics and Teratology was held at the University of California, Davis, on February 20, 2004, to honor Ursula Abbott on the occasion of her retirement (Fig. 1). Ursula's contributions to the field of developmental biology have been manifold (see bibliography below; note that her contributions are even greater than those reflected in her bibliography, as she often did not put her name on studies resulting from the doctoral theses of her students). Perhaps most important though, has been her passion for identifying and maintaining stocks of mutant avian embryos, including the famous scaleless mutant (Fig. 2), which was described by Ursula in 1957 (Abbott and Asmundson [1957] J. Hered. 48:63–70). Many students of embryology (including the current Editor-in-Chief of Developmental Dynamics) first learned of Ursula and the importance and excitement of avian mutants through her outstanding chapter in Methods in Developmental Biology entitled, "Avian Developmental Genetics" (Wilt FH, Wessells NK, editors. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. 1967, p 13– 52). Over the span of her scientific career, Ursula and her coworkers, as well as many of her students and other investigators outside of her laboratory, have used such mutants to gain insights into mechanisms underlying processes such as craniofacial development, skeletal development, limb development, feather development, and scale development. Although officially retired, Ursula continues to make contributions to the field by gleaning important information from her beloved mutant avian models (e.g., see MacDonald et al. [2004] Dev. Dyn. 230: 335–349). We are delighted to include in this issue three research articles from investigators who presented talks at the symposium. Other articles will appear in future issues. We are also delighted to dedicate this issue to Ursula as a small token of our appreciation for her unending dedication to the study of the avian embryo and, in particular, the advancement of avian developmental genetics.


Abstract We used a blue organic light‐emitting diode (bOLED) to increase the paracrine factors secreted from human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) for producing conditioned medium (CM). Our results showed that while the bOLED irradiation promotes a mild‐dose reactive oxygen generation that enhances the angiogenic paracrine secretion of hADSCs, it does not induce phototoxicity. The bOLED enhances paracrine factors via a cell‐signaling mechanism involving hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha. This study demonstrated that the CM resulting from bOLED treatment shows improved therapeutic effects on mouse wound‐healing models. This method contributes to overcoming the barriers to stem‐cell therapies, including the toxicity and low yields from other methods such as nanoparticles, synthetic polymers, and even cell‐derived vesicles.


As familial dysautonomia has been the most extensively studied of the congenital sensory neuropathies, it can be used as the prototype for com¬ parison with other disorders. We have found some or all of the clinical signs usually attributed only to familial dys¬ autonomia in other congenital sensory neuropathies. By using a clinical evalu¬ ation scheme, as well as neuropathologic studies, we were able to demon¬ strate that there are at least five con¬ genital sensory neuropathies other than familial dysautonomia.


Abstract
 Arid and desert environments are characterized by the sparse and discontinuous vegetation cover. Species that have been able to survive difficult bioclimatic conditions and adapt from generation to generation in these areas had to develop physiological and biochemical mechanisms of tolerance and/or resistance. The use of secondary metabolites, specifically terpenoids, is predominant in most of the biotic and abiotic interactions in which these plants are involved. Studies have shown their roles in the prevention of oxidative stress by intervening in thermo-tolerance, water stress, and salt stress generalized in a model of "the protective role of volatile compounds" explained by a single biochemical mechanism. Other studies have proven the functions of terpenoids in direct and indirect defenses against natural enemies, herbivores, and pathogenic microorganisms, in the attraction of pollinators, in competition and facilitation and other interactions between plants. This review mainly summarizes the recent research progress on the adaptation mechanisms of plants in arid environments and the biological and ecological roles of terpenoids in the various biotic and abiotic interactions.


Thyroid nodules are clinically common endocrine diseases. The microwave ablation method has been studied for its heating method suitable to thyroid nodule ablation compared to conventional and other minimally invasive treatment methods. In this paper, the electromagnetic thermal coupling effect of a layer of liquid isolation zone is investigated using the FEM model. Two medical reagents, 0.9% physiological saline and Sodium Hyaluronate, were selected to establish microwave ablation model that couples electromagnetic field transmission and biological heat transfer process. The isolation effect of the liquid isolation zone, the temperature distribution, SAR, and the degree of tissue damage were analyzed to provide a reliable scientific basis for clinical thermal ablation surgery.


Although, 'GREEN REVOLUTION' has given our country self sufficiency in agriculture sector, its benefits have not been reached to the agricultural labourers especially the Women Agricultural Labourers (WALs). They get less and irregular wage and maintain lower living style remaining below poverty line. India being the agriculture oriented country, agriculture labourers are the integral part of total Indian labour force. The exploitation of women labourers in rural regions happens both horizontally and vertically. Therefore, the study of Women Agricultural Labourers (WALs) is very important in this regard.


The BMD system currently poses important challenges to the international academic community. It marks a real progress of the internationalization and globalization of higher education. The effective adoption of the Bologna Process, however, looks very difficult for African universities which are "unprepared", and still dominated by precarious structural conditions. A sociological diagnosis of the universities in Cameroon shows that despite the political willingness and the enthusiasm of academic officials, the adoption of the BMD model appears to be


We prove that the satisfiability problem for the two-variable, universal fragment of first-order logic with constants (or, alternatively phrased, for the Bernays-Schonfinkel class with two universally quantified variables) remains decidable after augmenting the fragment by the transitive closure of a single binary relation. We give a 2-NExpTime-upper bound and a 2-ExpTime-lower bound for the complexity of the problem. We also study the cases in which the number of constants is restricted. It appears that with two constants the considered fragment has the finite model property and NExpTime-complete satisfiability problem. Adding a third constant does not change the complexity but allows to construct infinity axioms. A fourth constant lifts the lower complexity bound to TwoExpTime. Finally, we observe that we are close to the border between decidability and undecidability: adding a third variable or the transitive closure of a second binary relation lead to undecidability.


Quality protein maize (QPM) is a high-lysine, high-tryptophan variety. the essential amino acid profile, the protein efficiency ratio (PER) of mixtures of QPM and normal maize, and the hedonic response to three traditional foods were studied with four QPM varieties. the lysine content of the QPM varieties ranged from 3.7 to 4.2 g/100 g protein and was significantly (p < .05) higher than that for normal maize (2.6 to 3.1 g/100 g protein), but lower than the FAO-recommended human level of 5.0 g/100 g protein, the PER values of normal maize showed significant (p < .05) improvement at replacement levels of 60% or more with QPM. the overall acceptability scores showed that QPM varieties were equally acceptable as normal maize in ga kenkey and were preferred to the local normal maize in tuo zafi. The tropical Ghanaian QPM varieties have enhanced amino acid profiles and were acceptable in traditional foods.


Benzene is a recalcitrant compound and is classified as priority pollutants. Releasing benzene into the environment whether accidentally or due to human activities is a main cause of soil pollution. Cleaning up these pollutants from the environment is a vital world problem. Bioremediation has become a major method employed in refurbishment of benzene polluted environments that makes use of natural microbial biodegradation activity. benzene utilizing microorganisms are ubiquitously distributed in petroleum contaminated soil. They naturally biodegrade pollutants and thereby put an end to them from the environment. Removal of benzene pollutants from the environment by applying oleophilic microorganisms is eco friendly and economic. This microbiological decontamination is asserted to be an efficient and versatile alternative to physicochemical treatment. This article provides an overview about bioremediation for benzene pollutants with the help of microbial isolates that are isolated from the petroleum contaminated soil.


The national airline of South Africa (South African Airways), reported major losses for a number of consecutive years due to a significant fall in average fares triggered amongst others by intense global competition. This research compares fares offered on long haul direct inbound routes into South Africa. Neutral Units of Construction and Maximum Permitted Mileage values obtained from the dominant global distribution system used in South Africa were used for fare comparison purposes. Results indicate that in many instances South African Airways (SAA) was found to be highly competitive, offering the cheapest available fares in the market on the routes it served. From the research it is clear that the long haul inbound South African Airways fares are competitively priced. It is suggested that the airline uses this as a marketing tool to enhance inbound sales. As this research eliminates inbound price competitiveness as a major contributing factor to the financial losses of the airline, it is suggested that further research is conducted investigating other internal and external factors and fares that may contribute to airline profitability and sustainability for the future.


In the first part we prove the correctness of an existing verification algorithm, namely counterexample-driven abstraction refinement. To be able to state the correctness of the algorithm, we modify it such that it verifies programs that have a formal semantics. We use propositional dynamic logic and we give a denotational semantics and an equivalent structural operational semantics. Then we consider a deterministic fragment of propositional dynamic logic. We improve the efficiency of the algorithm by exploiting determinism when present and we prove that this algorithm terminates on incorrect deterministic programs. Note that the algorithm will not always terminate on correct deterministic programs, since verification is undecidable in general. Finally, we consider programs with indirection and we show that the introduced algorithms verify these programs inefficiently. We propose symbolic execution as an alternative way of computing path constraints to circumvent this inefficiency. Furthermore, the variant of symbolic execution we define removes indirection from symbolic terms which enables us to use a theorem prover that does not handle indirection.


THE presence or absence of pigment in the seed coat of lima beans (Phaeseolus lunattis L.) is determined by a single locus (1). When only the recessive allele c is present at this basic color locus, no pigment is produced and the seed coat is white. In the presence of the dominant allele C, pigment is formed but the particular color of the pigment depends on genes at several other loci. Whether or not the seed coat is pigmented might be expected to have little relationship to adaptation. However, white seeded lima beans have been found to be strikingly inferior to colored seeded individuals under population conditions (2). The major reason for the poorer survival of the white genotypes became apparent during the development of an isogenic line in which heterozygosity was maintained at the basic color locus: white seeds within this line had considerably lower emergence under field conditions than colored seeds. This paper is concerned with the underlying causes of this difference and some of their genetic, evolutionary, and agronomic implications.


Two types of Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to simulate gelation in a living copolymerization of monovinyl monomer and divinyl cross-linker. The simulated gel points under various conditions were compared to the experimental gel points obtained in series of ATRP reactions and the calculated gel points based on Flory−Stockmayer (FS) theory. The first simulation was based on an off-lattice (OL) model, simplified by ignoring the geometry of macromolecules. The second more complex simulation was based on the dynamic lattice liquid (DLL) model. Both OL model and FS mean-field theory were capable to count on the influence of molar ratios of cross-linker to initiator and initiation rate on the gel points. However, the simulated gel points occurred at much lower monomer conversion, as compared to the experimental results. Furthermore, the solvent dilution, an important parameter to adjust the experimental gel points, had no effect on the gel points in both OL simulation and FS theory. In contrast, the D...


In this study, it is aimed that innovation management levels of the teachers' own principals working in high schools is presented and the dimensions of innovation management is determined. Accordingly, the


Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are widely utilized in the domain of image super-resolution (SR) due to their ability to produce images with enhanced human visual perception capabilities. The feature extraction process in GANs frequently results in a lack of high-frequency information, leading to false detail texture and image distortion in the reconstructed image. Moreover, the presence of complex structures can introduce training instability. To tackle these issues, we present a novel image super-resolution (SR) restoration methodology based on GAN. Firstly, we introduce a convolution block that combines ordinary convolution and local convolution to enhance local feature extraction. Additionally, we integrate the attention mechanism and the decoupling idea of depthwise separable convolution. This fusion aims to improve the performance of the residual dense block, allowing the network to effectively extract feature maps with rich information; Second, we incorporate a frequency loss function to optimize the loss of the generator. This loss function compensates for discrepancies at frequency interval between the authentic image and the generated image, thereby reducing image distortion; Finally, the discriminator combined spectral normalization and adaptive activation and used dual discriminator training to alleviate the training collapse problem caused by complex datasets and networks. The experimental results on the Set5, Set14, and BSD100 datasets demonstrate that the reconstructed image of the proposed method outperforms other classical algorithms in terms of objective evaluation indicators, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed method.


An inverse method for estimating the non-stationary variations of soil rigidity and damping from observed array records is presented. The method uses basically the "Complex envelope method" for the time histories of stress and strain obtained from observed motion records. In this paper, the validity of the method is first confirmed based on both theoretical and numerical analyses. The method is further applied to the array strong-motion records that were observed at three sites during the 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake showing different features of non-linear responses. It is finally concluded that the present method is quite effective in inversely estimating the non-stationary variations ofsoil rigidity and damping in comparison to the results due to the PS logging profiles.


Objective: To determine histomorphological changes in jaw dentoalveolar tissue in a progeny of albino rats fed with diets containing different concentrations of riboflavin (B 2 ) and equivalent concentrations of other nutrients, during gestation and lactation and until 28 days of birth. Design: Experimental, longitudinal and analytical. Setting: Alberto Guzman Barron Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Biologic material: Holtzman albino rats. Interventions: We used 20 Holtzman albino rats (16 females and 4 males) with reproduction capacity and conformed four groups, according to the demands of riboflavin: Group A (100% of B 2 ), Group B (50% of B 2 ), Group C (25% of B 2 ), and Group D (0% of B 2 ). Submitted to ether anesthesia the offspring of each rats group was sacrificed at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days from birth and the dentoalveolar tissues of 60 offspring were subjected to histological examinations. Main outcome measures: Height, weight and dentoalveolar tissue alterations in rat progeny. Results: Deficiency (50% and 25%) and riboflavin total lack (0%) caused alterations on offspring growth and development. Microscopy revealed total lack of riboflavin (0%) in the mother's diet caused some histomorphological changes in the offspring dentoalveolar tissue, such as loss of nuclear polarity, presence of microvacuoles and areas of pseudo-stratification in ameloblasts and odontoblasts, decrease in the number of cells of the dentoalveolar tissue, edema in predentin, decrease in the number of fibroblasts and cementoblasts active cells, remarkable decrease and slimming of


Objective To colone and analysis of the coding-sequence of p53 gene in U87 glioma cells. Methods We were designed the primers according to the mRNA sequence of p53 from the gene database of NCBI GenBank. Then we cloned the full-length cDNA sequences of p53 gene from U87 human glioma cells using RT-PCR assay,and compared with the gene database of NCBI GenBank by using DNAMAN software. And analyze the feature of p53 sequences in U87 glioma cells. Results We cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of p53 gene,and found that it is expression of the wild-type p53 with the Arg genetype at 72 coden in U87 cells. Conclusion We were cloned the p53 gene and found that it is expression of wild-type p53 gene with the Arg genetype at 72 coden in U87 cells. Our results will be of special help for study the characteristic of p53 gene and the relationship with glioma.


Recently, there are many educational debates about appropriate educational approaches for improving scientific thinking in school science curriculum. The important basis for learning natural science is students' understanding of the nature and structure of scientific knowledge and the process by which it is developed. Unfortunately, our university students get taught only little about the theory of science (ToS). The overall aim of this research study was to explore, if the development of course with subject Theory of science is attractive for university students and teachers. The study was based on survey, which investigates university students' reports about their intention in participation or learning theory of science. The scientific method represents a way of critical thinking. Science strengthens the ability to have an opinion founded more in facts than personal feelings. We assume that scientific thinking provides many skills for cognitive development of every person, helps cultivate their reasoning skills and better prepares for the real world. Our research study presents the university students opinions and ideas which could help identify the causes of the problem why students get taught so little about the science as whole?


To realize a remarkable improvement of the deep drawability of steel sheets, the formation of texture of Ti-bearing IF steel sheets has been investigated throughout the rolling and annealing processes. Initially, the formation of hot band textures has been investigated in terms of the influence of rolling temperature and reduction. AIow carbon steel sheet has been also studied to clarify the features of IFsteel sheets.


In a system for correcting the deviation of the actual angle of an adjustable, in particular continuously adjustable camshaft (15) from a predeterminable desired angle (phi¶Soll¶) at idle of an engine (9), wherein a control or regulating device for controlling or regulating the camshaft position, and a control unit is provided for motor control means (1) for raising the idle speed of the engine (9) is provided, which when exceeding a predetermined value (SW) of the deviation of the actual angle (phi¶Ist¶) of the camshaft (15) from the specifiable is intended angle (phi¶Soll¶) activatable. In a method for controlling an adjustable, in particular continuously adjustable camshaft (15) of an internal combustion engine (9), which is provided with a control or regulating device for controlling or regulating the camshaft position, upon exceeding a predeterminable value (SW) of the deviation of the actual angle (phi¶Ist¶) activates the camshaft (15) from the predetermined target angle (phi¶Soll¶) means (1) for correcting the deviation and the means (1) to a control unit for controlling the motor (9) acts to a, that the idle speed is increased.


Conceptions of Personality Development in Adulthood Psychoanalysis as an Early-Formation Theory Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development Psychobiography and Personality Development in Adulthood Contemporary Stage Theories The Dialectical Approach and the Issue of Change Versus Consistency in Personality Occupational Changes in Adulthood Sex Roles and Androgyny Sexual Relationships and Marriage Changes in Values and Attitudes Reactions to Death and Dying The Use of Personal Documents in Understanding Adult Personality Development


A new simulation infrastructure for predicting the effects of changes in process parameters on mechanical properties, residual stress/strain, crystal structure, and other micro & macro features of components made using metal-based AM techniques has been developed at the University of Louisville (UofL) and is being commercialized by 3DSIM, LLC. Based upon its MatLab and Fortran code, UofL personnel predicted their multi-scale, multi-physics finite element solvers should solve for thermal history and residual stress evolution many orders of magnitude faster than competing tools while achieving better solution accuracy. In order to test this contention, a series of computational experiments were designed to benchmark the performance of the code being commercialized by 3DSIM against a well-respected simulation tool, ANSYS. The results of these initial studies indicate the 3DSIM architecture is significantly faster than ANSYS for simulating metal-based AM processes. Introduction A new simulation infrastructure developed at the University of Louisville [1-4] has resulted in the formation of a new start-up company, 3DSIM, LLC. 3DSIM is creating a commercial implementation of these algorithms in C++ which will be highly optimized in the future to run efficiently in Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) based high performance computing environments. This paper presents an initial test of the speed of the 3DSIM code, prior to final optimization and release. As such it represents a first indication of the computational benefits which should be achievable with this code once fully implemented and optimized. In this work, the metal laser sintering processes is simulated using a moving mesh strategy to capture dynamic thermal fields during traverse of a Gaussian laser energy source across the top of a powder bed. In the 3DSIM approach, a preprocessing architecture enables


Abstract In this paper an account of communicative action is given from the point of view of communication as a cooperative enterprise. It is argued that there is communication both on the basis of shared collective goals and without them. It is also claimed that people can communicate without specifically formed illocutionary communicative intentions. Finally, the paper compares the account given in the article with Habermas' theory of communicative action.


To investigate the effect of L1 transfer in L2 speech perception, an identification test of four RP vowel contrasts (/i/-//, /u/-//, //-//, /e/-/ae/) is administered to 15 native Vietnamese speakers. Two of the contrasts (/i/-//, /u/-//) are not phonologically contrastive in Vietnamese, and the other two contrasts (//-//, /e/-/ae/) have phonological counterparts in Vietnamese. A supplementary production test of the same vowel contrasts is also given to the subjects. Based on an analysis of the results and a phonological and phonetic comparison of L1 and L2, the following conclusions are arrived at: (1) L1 transfer is an important factor in L2 speech perception, but its effect varies among different contrasts. (2) L1 transfer can occur at both phonological level and phonetic level, and different level of transfer can lead to different perceptual performance.


In the absence of abundance indices from scientific surveys or commercial sources, reliable length frequency data from sampled commercial catches can be used to provide an indirect assessment of fishing mortality. Length-based indicators are simple metrics which describe length frequency distributions. The length-based indicator Lmax5%, the mean length of the largest 5% of individuals in the catch, combined with appropriately selected reference points, can be used to evaluate the presence of very large individuals in the catch and hence determine exploitation level. Using analytical per-recruit models, we derive reference points consistent with a spawning potential ratio of 40%. The reference points depend on the life history parameters for natural mortality, maturity, and growth (M, Lmat, L∞, k, CVL∞). Using available simulation tools, we investigate the sensitivity of the reference points to errors in these parameters and explore the usefulness of particular reference points for management purposes for stocks with different life histories. The proposed reference points are robust to uncertainty in length at first capture, Lc, and take into account the maturation schedule of a species. For those stocks with high M/k ratios (>1), Lmax5%, combined with the appropriate reference point, can be used to provide a data-limited stock assessment.


When a confirmatory test is completely accurate or has known low error rates, the sensitivity and the specificity of a screening test can be estimated. When the error rates for the confirmatory test are unknown, Hui and Walter (2) presented a method for estimating the sensitivity and specificity of both the screening and the confirmatory tests using the tests on two populations with different prevalence rates of the infection. The method requires that the tests have equal error rates in the two populations. When this requirement is not met, we show that the estimated prevalence rates are robust when the difference in the prevalence rates of the two subpopulations is large. An alternative design, requiring only one population, but other assumptions, is also described.


Capsular hyaluronic acid (HA) mediates adhesion of serogroup A strains of P. multocida to elicited turkey air sac macrophages (TASM). In contrast, freshly isolated turkey peripheral blood monocytes (TPBM) do not bind serogroup A strains. Following culture of TPBM for 6 days in chamber slides, adhesion of the bacteria to TPBM increased gradually. Incubation in chamber slides coated with Entactin-CoUagen IV-Laminin attachment (ECL) matrix or exposure to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) fiirther enhanced the adhesion of P. multocida to TPBM. Addition of HA to TPBM culture, but not Arg-Gly-Asp peptide, inhibited bacterial adherence similarly to that previously reported for TASM Exposure of TPBM to MAb directed against HA-binding cell surfece proteoglycan (CD44) decreased binding of P. multocida. Collectively, these findings indicate that P. multocida adhesion to TPBM is mediated by capsular HA and can be up-regulated by culture on ECL matrix or PMA exposure. Additionally, the findings suggest that the capsular mucopolysaccharide of serogroup A strains of P. multocida recognizes an 69 isoform of CD44 expressed on cultured TPBM. INTRODUCTION Pasteurella multocida causes fowl cholera, a widely distributed disease occurring in most poultry-producing countries of the world. Annual worldwide losses to the poultry industry were estimated at 200 million US dollars in 1986 (11). Serogroup A strains of P. multocida are the major cause of fowl cholera in turkeys. Survival of P. multocida outside the host and resistance to phagocytosis in non-immunized birds are associated with the presence of a capsule. With serogroup A strains of P. multocida, the capsule contains HA, an anionic polysaccharide composed of repetitive disaccharidic units of A'"-acet>l-D-glucuronic acid and A^'-acetyl-D- glucosamine. Invasion by P. multocida is believed to occur through the lymphoid tissues of the respiratory tract, and the bacterial capsule is suspected to play a major role in this event. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that serogroup A strains of P. multocida adhere to TASM but are not internalized. Although we showed that bacterial adhesion to TASM occurs through specific recognition of capsular hyaluronate by a cell surface glycoprotein (10), the host cell receptor was not identified. CD44, an 85-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein found on a variety of cell types, is one of several receptors capable of binding HA. Because CD44 is an HA receptor also associated with lung macrophages (3, 5), we suspected that it might be involved in adhesion of serogroup A strains of P. multocida to TASM. However, with avian species, the number of resident macrophages in the lungs and air sacs is low and recovery by lavage is poor (12). Consequently, our initial attempts to isolate CD44 from TASM foiled due to the inability to acquire suflBcient numbers of cells. This failure prompted a study to


The physical parameters of the retired A star HD 185351 were analysed in great detail by Johnson et al. (2014) using interferometry, spectroscopy and asteroseismology. Results from all independent methods are consistent with HD 185351 having a mass in excess of $1.5\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$. However, the study also showed that not all observational constraints could be reconciled in stellar evolutionary models, leading to mass estimates ranging from $\sim 1.6-1.9\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ and casting doubts on the accuracy of stellar properties determined from asteroseismology. Here we solve this discrepancy and construct a theoretical model in agreement with all observational constraints on the physical parameters of HD 185351. The effects of varying input physics are examined as well as considering the additional constraint of the observed g-mode period spacing. This quantity is found to be sensitive to the inclusion of additional mixing from the convective core during the main sequence, and can be used to calibrate the overshooting efficiency using low-luminosity red giant stars. A theoretical model with metallicity $\left[\mathrm{Fe/H}\right]=0.16$dex, mixing-length parameter $\alpha_{\mathrm{MLT}}=2.00$, and convective overshooting efficiency parameter $f=0.030$ is found to be in complete agreement with all observational constraints for a stellar mass of $M\simeq1.60\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$.


Rain-triggered landslides frequently threaten public safety, infrastructure, and the economy during typhoon seasons in Zhejiang Province. Landslides are complex structural systems, and the subsurface features play a significant role in their stability. Their early identification and the evaluation of potential danger in terms of the rupture surface and unstable body are essential for geohazard prevention and protection. However, the information about the subsurface acquired by conventional exploration approaches is generally limited to sparse data. This paper describes a joint application of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) with a 100 MHz antenna and the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method with the Wenner configuration to identify the stratum structure and delineate the potentially unstable body of a clay-rich slope, the results of which were further verified using borehole data and field observation. The acquired results from the GPR and ERT surveys, consistent with each other, indicate two stratigraphic layers comprising silty clay and silty mudstone. Moreover, the potential rupture zone very likely exists in the highly weathered mudstone in the depth range of 3–7 m, and the average depth is 5 m. In addition, the thickness of the unstable mass is greater on the east and crest parts of the slope. Conclusively, the optimum combination of ERT and GPR is reliable for conducting rapid and effective delineation of subsurface characteristics of clayey slopes for risk assessment and mitigation during the typhoon season.


i-ot advocate neglect of otlheir measures, for instanice, ainy drug ilndicated by constitutioinal coniditionis wlhiel may conicur, and dailybaths to prevent relapses, for a lhealtlyskin resists tlle invasion of any parasite, an-d a dietary composed largely of vegetable foods, the husk of tlhe cereals being excluded, for in this way we could limit supplies for the keratin wlichl is so excessively produced in psoriasis.


The chapter analyzes the popular literature on synthetic rubber between 1929 and 2009 and asks how popular science books explained and interpreted rubber research and development to a general (German) public. How does popular literature produce different narr-atives, including myths, of the same history? The invention and use of synthetic rubber were important topics in popular science literature in the Weimar Republic and during the Na-zi period as well as after 1945 in the German Democratic Republic (DDR) and in the Federal Republic of Germany (BRD). Narratives and argumentative schemes of these books are analyzed, and it is shown how they constructed the social meaning of rubber and how the positive and negative resonance of this construction changed according to different political contexts.


After a brief discussion of progress in the theory of icosahedral molecules, the terms arising from simple electronic configurations are deduced from tables of symmetrized powers of representations previously published by the author.


Vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy was used to study how hydrogen bonding interactions of physisorbed water layers vary with the glass composition and surface condition. Three different glass materials were used: amorphous silica (fused quartz), sodium calcium silicate (also called soda lime silica), and calcium aluminosilicate (boron-/fluorine-free E-glass). Two different surface conditions were compared: (i) a mechanically polished, fire-polished, and then annealed surface and (ii) an acid-leached surface (pH 1, 90 °C, 24 h). Compositional and structural information obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy were correlated with SFG spectral features. The temperature dependence of SFG spectral features revealed that regardless of the glass composition, the glass surface is free of physisorbed water at 250 °C, and during cooling in ambient air, it starts absorbing water at a temperature corresponding...


Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, one of the risk factor recognised being high myopia. Intra ocular pressure may be normal in myopic patients, with optic nerve head glaucoma characteristics. Eye ball elongation and optic nerve head tilting may be present in patients with high myopia that will represent field defects mimicking glaucoma. Treating patients with myopia having suspected aspects of glaucoma may be a challenge but even more challenging is the diagnosis of glaucoma in myopic patients.: To evaluate the association of glaucoma features with myopia. To create the awareness regarding the long term follow up.: Patients in the age group of 15 to 45 years who had attended our institution over a period of one year who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected for this study. Fifty four patients who were diagnosed to have moderate or high degree myopia were selected for this analytical study. They were subjected to vision, ocular examination, tonometry and results obtained were analysed.: In our study moderate myopes constituted 55.5% and high myopes were 44.5%. The mean Intra ocular pressure and the mean corrected Intra ocular pressure in high myopes were observed to be higher than in moderate myopia. It was observed that higher prevalence of glaucoma was observed in high myopes.: There is a clinically as well as statistically significant difference between mean Intra ocular pressure and mean corrected Intra ocular pressure. So mean corrected Intra ocular pressure should be measured .From our study, there is a clear indication that there is increased prevalence of glaucoma in high myopes.


How citizens in authoritarian regimes evaluate the practice of democracy in both new and established democracies has important implications on the prospect of democratisation in their own country. As an authoritarian country with the largest population around the world, China has resisted waves of democratisation and maintains the one-party rule. This study examined the Chinese case and explored how Chinese citizens evaluated democracy in the United States, India and Taiwan. It theorised that the tendency towards ingroup favouritism and attitudes towards democracy are the factors that primarily influence citizens' evaluations of democracy in other countries. The results show that Chinese citizens perceive the democratic level of China as being as high as that of the United States and Taiwan, whereas they gave lower evaluations in the case of India's democracy. The effects of the aforementioned factors varied between the three countries. After presenting the findings, the theoretical implications are also discussed.


Y.J. CHOI, C.J. KIM AND G.E. JI. 1996. β‐Glucosidase was extracted from sonicated Bifidobacterium adolescentis Int‐57 and partially purified by Sepharose CL‐6B gel‐filtration and DEAE‐cellulose ion‐exchange chromatography. The partially purified enzyme was confirmed to convert cycasin to a mutagen in the Ames and SOS chromotests. β‐Glucosidase negative strains were unable to activate cycasin mutagenically.


The Flowers Report strongly influenced policy concerning computers for research, at universities and at government laboratories, after its publication in 1966. In the previous decade and a half, policy was shaped by many interests, particularly those of government departments and academic centres of computer design. The issues and demands that led to the Flowers Report being commissioned, along with its conclusions, are discussed.


There are several studies on Lotka-Volterra Model has been done. Nevertheless, a few of them consider to supply with the information not only about analytical result but also information about local and global bifurcation of the solution of the system so that we have a complete information about the behaviour of the solution in terms of its stability. This study will analyze a Lotka-Volterra model with Holling type II functional response. The analysis starts with determining the equilibrium points of the system. Then by using center manifold and normal form analysis the information about stability of the other solutions, including the appearance of stable limit cycles, are obtained by continuing parameter . These results are confirmed by numerical simulations using MatCont. Biological interpretation of our results are also presented.


In this paper, β-diketone boron complex (BF2-TPE) was first used as an ultraviolet (UV) absorber for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and then a series of PVC/BF2-TPE composite films were prepared by solvent casting method. UV accelerated aging experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of BF2-TPE on the photooxidative degradation of PVC, the structure and properties of the composite films in the UV aging process were characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis and mechanical property analysis. The results show that BF2-TPE can absorb UV light in the wavelength range of 220–450 nm. The yield strength of the PVC/BF2-TPE composite film with 0.5% BF2-TPE (PVC/BF2-TPE0.5) decreases from 10.5 MPa to 7.8 MPa after 1200 h of UV irradiation, and its retention ratio is much higher compared with that of pure PVC film, indicating that BF2-TPE can inhibit the photooxidative degradation PVC. The PVC/BF2-TPE0.5 composite film shows higher temperature of onset decomposition, indicating that BF2-TPE can also enhance the thermal stability of PVC/BF2-TPE composite films.


Composite Structure The core of the Rover's composite suspension is composed of structural PVC foam. The foam was then glued together and received a layer of unidirectional carbon fiber on the top and bottom surfaces. Once cured, the whole assembly was put inside a composite sleeve and coated in epoxy. Passive Differential The differential allows for the top plate of the rover to remain level across any rough terrain it may encounter, while assisting the suspension in navigating rough terrain. This component will be essential for the astronaut assistant task, tool retrieval, and the science task. The differential is also mounted on the rover's undercarriage to optimize the space available on the main body plate for the robotic arm, controls hardware, and the science tools needed for the competition.


With respect to decision table, especially the inconsistent ones. On the basis of equivalent partitions, This paper quantifies the elements in the same class deduced by condition attribute belonging to different decision attribute classes, generates the discernibility matrix and measures the indexes of attribute significance reasonable, and then uses these formulas as heuristic information to design a heuristic algorithm for attribute reduction. Moreover, a process of reducing again is used in it in order to eliminate redundancy attribute. Finally, an example demonstates the attribute reduction algorithm can be used in decision tables effectively.


Abstract-This paper is intended to uplift the technological standard of industrial plants. The overall power factor of modern industries is very poor because of inductive loads absorbing reactive power. Especially, industrial plant with variable load conditions has large inductive loads and its power factor is very poor. These industries benefit most from automatic capacitor banks. This bank provides improved power factor, increased voltage level on the load and reduced electric utility bills. Besides, automatic capacitor banks may be able to eliminate kVAR energized at light-load periods and undesirable over-voltages. In most cases, the main reason why a customer installs a capacitor bank is to avoid penalization in the electricity bill. This inappropriate installation without enough study gives rise to a great variety of technical problems. Therefore, the fact that capacitor banks are designed for long-term use should be considered.


Purpose: This study was made to determine of female teachers concerning breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) information, attitudes and behavior. Methods: The research was performed during working hours in the 20 primary school, 7 in high school in Ödemiş (İzmir). 2004-2005 academic year in this school who are served 336 female theachers of the research Universe, the number of individuals selected according to the formula known width of the sample 176 female teachers constituted the study sample. As sample selection method, the stratified sample selection was used. Data of the research was obtained questionnaire generated by researchers and agreed to study face to face interview with teachers between 7 March and 7 April 2005. Chisquare and percentages were used in evaluation of data. Results: Surveyed 52,8 % of the teachers'i in the 31-40 age group, 84,7 % married, 17,6 % the fat, 8 % reguler exercise did, 11,3 % were found breast cancer in nearly, 38,4 % were examined by an expert because of the mass and underarm swelling, 62,5 % have known in the breast self-examination (BSE), 55,7 % of those who know say "have not made the BSE", When questioned, How BSE are being done and showed, 17,9 % of them have done correctly, have been determined. Conclusion: The data evaluation in result; The teachers have insufficient information of about breast cancer and BSE, haven't known how to do BSE, most of who know it make mistakes and didn't receive an adequate education, has been identified.


The existing signal timing methods for isolated intersection are mainly suitable for low saturation traffic state.Taking oversaturated traffic state as the research object,we develop a mathematical model between the signal cycle and the delay by analyzing the arrival-departure rule of vehicles at signalized intersection entrance with the deterministic theory.Then,the signal cycle formula at isolated intersection is deduced for minimal delay.Taking a four-phase intersection for example,we plot the changing curves between the signal cycle and delay;and the optimal signal cycles are found respectively for the three oversaturated traffic conditions that have different flow ratios.Finally,the delay under each traffic flow ratios was obtained by using VISSIM micro-simulation software.The simulated result shows that the delay from theoretical calculation coincides well with that of simulation under different flow ratios,validating the accuracy and rationality of the model.This provides a theoretical basis for solving signal timing problem at oversaturated intersection.


The main advances of preparation and application of HA in the cosmetic and medicine field were reviewed in this paper.


This study aims at the effect of a sports industry CEO's lecture attribute on satisfaction and achievement. The 350 students were chosen to have a sports industry CEO's lecture in Korea. Among 350 questionnaires distributed and collected, 53 were excluded from the study because they were neither thoughtful nor completely answered. For the purpose of this study, frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, structural equation model analysis of SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 were performed. The research results of this study were as follows: First. a sport industry CEO's lecture attribute had a significant influence on satisfaction. Second, satisfaction of a sport industry CEO's lecture had a significant influence on achievement.


Background and Aims: Relative roles of HSCs and portal fibroblasts in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) are unknown. We aimed to identify subpopulations of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (Col1a1)–expressing cells in a mouse AH model by single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and filtering the cells with the HSC (lecithin retinol acyltransferase [Lrat]) and portal fibroblast (Thy‐1 cell surface antigen [Thy1] and fibulin 2 [Fbln2]) markers and vitamin A (VitA) storage. Approach and Results: Col1a1–green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice underwent AH, CCl4, and bile duct ligation (BDL) procedures to have comparable F1‐F2 liver fibrosis. Col1a1‐expressing cells were sorted via FACS by VitA autofluorescence and GFP for single‐cell RNA sequencing. In AH, approximately 80% of Lrat+Thy1−Fbln2− activated HSCs were VitA‐depleted (vs. ~13% in BDL and CCl4). Supervised clustering identified a subset co‐expressing Lrat and Fbln2 (Lrat+Fbln2+), which expanded 44‐fold, 17‐fold, and 1.3‐fold in AH, BDL, and CCl4. Lrat+Fbln2+ cells had 3–15‐times inductions of profibrotic, myofibroblastic, and immunoregulatory genes versus Lrat+Fbln2− cells, but 2–4‐times repressed HSC‐selective genes. AH activated HSCs had up‐regulated inflammatory (chemokine [C‐X‐C motif] ligand 2 [Cxcl2], chemokine [C‐C motif] ligand 2), antimicrobial (Il‐33, Zc3h12a), and antigen presentation (H2‐Q6, H2‐T23) genes versus BDL and CCl4. Computational deconvolution of AH versus normal human bulk‐liver RNA‐sequencing data supported an expansion of LRAT+FBLN2+ cells in AH; AH patient liver immunohistochemistry showed FBLN2 staining along fibrotic septa enriched with LRAT+ cells; and in situ hybridization confirmed co‐expression of FBLN2 with CXCL2 and/or human leukocyte antigen E in patient AH. Finally, HSC tracing in Lrat‐Cre;Rosa26mTmG mice detected GFP+FBLN2+ cells in AH. Conclusion: A highly profibrotic, inflammatory, and immunoregulatory Lrat+Fbln2+ subpopulation emerges from HSCs in AH and may contribute to the inflammatory and immunoreactive nature of AH.


Objective: An indeterminate thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration (FNA) presents a unique dilemma. We evaluated our institution's experience with Bethesda III thyroid nodules, including the risk of malignancy (ROM) of these nodules removed for diagnostic lobectomy and radiologic and clinical risk factors for malignancy. Study design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC; 483 bed Military Treatment Facility and Level 1 Trauma Center). Methods: We identified all patients with a Bethesda III thyroid FNA at our institution from 2010 to 2018 and determined which nodules were removed. The final histological diagnosis was recorded. Whether or not age, gender, body mass index (BMI), race, nodule size, margin regularity, rate of nodule growth, vascularity, internal calcifications, family history of thyroid cancer, personal history of radiation, and history of repeated AUS/FLUS on FNA had a significant impact on malignancy risk was evaluated with chi square and rank sum Wilcoxon tests. Results: 492 patients had 1 or more AUS result. 52% (258/492) underwent repeat FNA. This resulted in Bethesda II or III in 90% (232/258). In 10% (26/258), the repeat FNA resulted in a higher Bethesda grade. 183 lobectomies were performed on the side containing an AUS nodule. The malignancy percentage was 38.3% (70/183). Age less than 30 was the only variable showing statistical significance for increased risk of malignancy (P = .04). Conclusion: The ROM of nodules characterized as AUS/FLUS on FNA may be higher than expected. Age may be a better predictor of malignancy than repeat FNA.


Just as in the other sciences, in the science of history too, the researcher must detect the limitations of the problematic that s/he dealt with correctly, and lead the research accordingly. These limitations can be considered in several ways: I-Limitations based on the objective of writing: Doctorate or book studies, article studies, paper/presentation studies. II-Limitations based on the source usage: Especially many studies on the Ottoman history is done according to a particular source. III-Chronological limitations: This is the most common limitation method in historiography. Even though limitations which are explained many times are encountered; sometimes, chronological limitations that have no meaning at all and that are arbitrary can be seen too. IV-Limitations based on events and cases: In the analysis of the subject defined as problematic, this solution, that is based on only one variable analysis by moving with the assumption that thousands of variables/ impact factors are fixed, will strengthen our ability of analysis theoretically. In our study, the scientific problems caused by limitations that were not possible to be set, and the problems caused by the wrongly-set limitations will be exemplified, and our suggestions on limitations will be presented.


© 2 0 1 0 T H E A U T H O R S B J U I N T E R N A T I O N A L © 2 0 1 0 B J U I N T E R N A T I O N A L 1 5 71 Johnson left office in 1868, but the long-term effects of his presidency were undeniable. Military reconstruction of the South did not formally end until 1877 when newly elected President Rutherford B. Hayes withdrew all remaining federal troops from the southern states. Furthermore, although difficult to delineate clearly, the rights of AfricanAmericans were probably delayed by this tumultuous period despite the Republican Party's passage of the Civil Rights Bill and the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments. In theory, the newly freed slaves had equal footing to their former slave-owners, but some historians have argued that Southerners retrenched their racist views against blacks due to the rapidity with which Congress attempted to give them equality [2].


Originally designed for CP violation studies in the B meson system, the B-Factories recently showed an exciting capability for improving our experimental knowledge in the field of hadron spectroscopy. Here I will present some of the most recent BABAR results concerning bottomonium spectroscopy. In particular, I will report the first observation of the ground state eta_b in Y(nS) gamma eta_b and the results of an energy scan in the range of 10.54 to 11.20 GeV, that produced a new measurement of the e+e- -> bb cross section in the region of the Y(4S) and candidate Y(5S) and Y(6S) resonances, with an integrated luminosity 30 times larger than the previous scans.


Electrification of the rural areas which are located far from the grid is comparatively more expensive due to the high cost associated with power transmission. Renewable energy-based hybrid micro-grid systems can be a cost-effective method for the supply of electricity in these remote areas. This study aims at assessing the technical and economic viability of a hybrid micro-grid system for rural areas of Bangladesh. A hybrid microgrid system consisting of PV solar cells, wind turbine, and Diesel Generator has been designed for remote regions of Kuakata, Patuakhali. A combination of different technologies capable of generating electricity has been used to ensure the reliable and continuous supply of electrical power. HOMER, a simulation software, has been used for optimizing multiple energy sources to maintain an uninterrupted supply of power in a cost-effective way. Finally, cost analysis and consistency checking have been done by another simulation software called RETScreen.

https://universepg.com/public/storage/journal-pdf/Design and simulation of a hybrid microgrid system for remote areas.pdf


In this work, we elaborate on the changes and transformations in the Israeli education system (including higher education) from Israel's independence in 1948 to 2019. Specifically, the study places special emphasis on developments commencing in 1976 in response to the establishment of a separate administrative division for Druze and Circassian Education in the Ministry of Education, and division's impact on the rate of youngsters who earn matriculation certificates and the number of Druze students attending higher education institutions. of the study analyzes the administrative separation of Druze education in the education system and its effect on the integration of Druze youngsters in higher education in Israel.

The current study contributes to our understanding of the development of the Druze education system as a distinct unit in the Israeli Ministry of Education. The findings of this study and its conclusions will contribute to policymakers in the Ministry of Education in general, and policymakers concerning Druze education specifically, seeking to improve educational achievements and apply the insights of the current study to other minority groups to which higher education has become increasingly accessible in recent years.


The research was on the plantation of Larix principis-rupprechtii at Mulan Forestry Adminstration Bureau of Hebei Province.On the basis of the main survey data which we got using the method of sample preparation,the relational model between the biomass and biodiversity of the plantation of Larix principis-rupprechtii was estaalished using the statistical software of ForStat.The results showed that: shrub and herb had a positive correlation between the biomass and biodiversity in the land of not-established forest;the biomass and stand density also had linear relationship in young forest for the stand is not canopy.The formula was y=0.005 1x+4.334 3,R2=0.842 7;the biomass is maximum biomass when the species richness on 25 in young forest;there was a positive correlation between the biomass and biodiversity in the near-mature forest.


A quantitative analytical method was established for spinosad content determination with HPLC.Results showed that the standard deviation,coefficient of variation,linear correlation,and average recovery were 1.3441,0.99959,0.99959,and 99.2429%,respectively.The target compound was also validated with LC-MS.


The activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS) may play an important role on the morphological changes of the peritoneal membrane.This brief review will describe our current state of knowledge about the role of RAAS in peritoneal membrane damage and potential strategies to protect the membrane.


China and Australia have maintained good economic and trade relations in the 21st century. However, since 2018, the Australian government has re-oriented its attitude towards China and provoked Sino-Australia trade friction regardless of its economic interests. This thesis provides a new perspective to explain the deterioration of China-Australia relations from security dilemma theory. Australia views China as a political and economic threat due to the consideration of geopolitics and export dependency, thus adopting policies against China. Accordingly, after going through stages of suspicion and warning, China took action against Australia. Consequently, China and Australia sank deeper and deeper into a security dilemma. A systematic study of China-Australia relations helps explain the Australian government's perverse moves and provides theoretical support for peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to locate those entrepreneur human capital elements which significantly influence an enterprise's growth performance, within both high‐tech and traditional enterprises, thereby helping entrepreneurs understand that human capital elements will provide different impacts within different industries.Design/methodology/approach – Under some necessary research assumptions, the statistical analysis described in this paper uses data collected from a questionnaire survey and is performed under the SPSS16.0 Program.Findings – An enterprise growth model is built from the perspectives of entrepreneur human capital. Analysis shows that human capital elements of the same entrepreneur have different impacts on the performance of business growth in different industries. The theoretical model provides a better explanation of the high‐tech enterprises' growth performance. Innovation and business growth performances from a high‐tech enterprise have greater reliance on human capital of ...


Despite the widespread deployment of malware-detection software, in many situations it is difficult to preemptively block a malicious program from infecting a system. Rather, signatures for detection are usually available only after malware have started to infect a large group of systems. Ideally, infected systems should be reinstalled from scratch. However, due to the high cost of reinstallation, users may prefer to rely on the remediation capabilities of malware detectors to revert the effects of an infection. Unfortunately, current malware detectors perform this task poorly, leaving users' systems in an unsafe or unstable state. This paper presents an architecture to automatically generate remediation procedures from malicious programs--procedures that can be used to remediate all and only the effects of the malware's execution in any infected system. We have implemented a prototype of this architecture and used it to generate remediation procedures for a corpus of more than 200 malware binaries. Our evaluation demonstrates that the algorithm outperforms the remediation capabilities of top-rated commercial malware detectors.


In order to design wideband pattern reconfigurable antenna, a compact switchable CPW-to- slotline transition feed structure is proposed in this paper. In the slotline feed, one slot of CPW is used as feed line, and the other slot serves as open stub for matching. No other structure is involved for the transition from CPW to slotline. Base on the switchable feed structure, one CPW mode and two slot modes are switched by two PIN diodes for reconfigurable pattern. The proposed antenna is simulated and the critical parameter is studied. The −10dB bandwidth of all the modes can cover 2.5GHz (2.9GHz–5.4GHz), with the gain better than 2.8dBi.


From the understanding that man is corporately inserted in the world, that is, that his relations with the other, with culture and with nature are primarily mediated by the body, there is no way to stop thinking about the individuals who have their bodies marked by chronic morbidity. If the body is our own way of being in the world and it realizes the opening of man to the world by placing it in a situation of being, when that body brings marks that are recognized by the individual and other social actors of their conviviality as anti-aesthetic manifestations and immutable, his perception of himself alters his way of being and being in the world. In this sense, relevant biological and aesthetic modifications, such as those caused by chronic renal disease (CKD) and its treatment, can generate and cause damage to the body's self-image. Cannulation of arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis is traditionally performed by the ropeladder technique, which is associated with the appearance of aneurysms, scars, bruises and, consequently, aesthetic damages. The objectives of the study were: General: To understand being in the world as an individual in hemodialysis therapy to propose human care in its aesthetic dimension; and specific: List the perceptions of CKD patients about the aesthetic dimension of their body in relation to the care received in hemodialysis therapy; to reflect on the discourses of the patients when seeking the relation of the senses and the hemodialitica therapy in the web woven by the life; to propose nursing care from the perceptions of the corporeity of being in the world in hemodialysis therapy in the aesthetic dimension. A phenomenological, exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study was developed in a hemodialysis clinic located in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro. The data were seized through phenomenological interview with thirty collaborators, performed after approval by Ethics Committee (No. 1,589,579). The statements, treated based on the methodological proposal of Amadeo Giorgi, point out the meanings of the body invaded by CKD, marked and in interaction in the world of life. Care in the aesthetic dimension needs to be thought / done by specialized professionals whose actions will account for being-in-the-world in the woven web by life, and point out new guidelines here that could strengthen the aesthetic dimension of work, training and qualification of professionals and research that will subsidize new discussions, reflections and generation of skills, attitudes and competences for health care sciences


Four cases of tracheoesophageal fistula, two of which had pulmonary cancer were seen recently.The first case was a 67-year-old male patient with pulmonary carcinoma (adenocarcinoma), originated from bronchiole of the left upper lobe. The second case, a 58-year-old male with pulmonary carcinoma (squamous _??_ell carcinoma), originated from the left main bronchus. The third, 63-year-old male patient with esophageal cancer (squamous cell carcinoma), superimposed with far adhanced pulmonary tuberculosis. The fouth, a 70-year-old male patient was suffered from Hodgkin's disease. These cases developed tracheoesophageal fistula during their course.Some bibliographical consideration were also added here.


Abstract The fifth generation is the most recent generation of communication needed for high data rates. High spectrum availability, low jitter, high reliability, minimal latency, and increased capacity are just a few benefits of 5th generation. Optical fiber supports the 5G network's backhaul to meet the enhanced capacity and big data rate requirements. When the fiber is used as a propagation medium, a significant number of nonlinearities manifest. These nonlinearity effects in optical fiber communication are among the most detrimental to modern communication systems because it results in various modulator distortions like phase, harmonic, and intermodulation, distortion, adjoining channel noise, and many more undesirable consequences. The primary fiber nonlinear effects in the radio over fiber communication systems are the Kerr nonlinearity and scattering effects, which are caused by alterations in refractive index as a result of the signal. To overcome these limits, several strategies have been put forth. In particular, the nonlinearity during signal modulation, transmission, and detection has attracted a lot of study attention due to the complex physical layer restrictions in RoF systems. One such fascinating potential is machine learning (ML) methods. In this article, we look at recent advances in ML methods for RoF systems, notably those that use ML models to reduce various types of impairments and improve system performance.


There are many students who modify their uniforms and wear fashion accessories to pursue their individualities. The objectives of this research were to identify school uniform modification and fashion accessory wearing behavior of high school students. The results were as follows; 1. High school students considered that the uniform was desirable because the uniform showed identity best, but many students complained that the uniform was uncomfortable in activity. The most accessory used for the uniform was the cellular phone handle. 2. The uniform modification behavior was highly distinguishable at the coeducational school, the vocational school, and the art or physical school. They modified their uniform to pursuit slim and individuality. The uniform modification was for the beauty aspect more rather than practical aspect of uniform, and was proportional to the degree of the appearance, and in case of pants, the length and width of the pants showed increasing trend compared to the past. They considered accessory wearing as a compensational expression of the most of students who were not actively behaving on the uniform modification.


We prepare silver nanoparticles colloids by reducing silver nitrate with sodium borohydride.We also investigate their spectral properties and morphology with silver nanoparticles aggregation as substrates by ultraviolet and visual absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy.We employ rhodamine B(RhB) and rhodamine 6G(R6G) to determine the SERS activity on these substrates of 10-7 mol/L.Experimental results show that the SERS sensitivity of RhB is two times that of R6G on an identical substrate,and that the SERS sensitivity of RhB of the substrate formed by DNA induced silver nanoparticles aggregation is higher than that of the substrate formed by ethanol induced silver nanoparticles aggregation.Experimental results show that the SERS sensitivity of RhB is two times that of R6G on an identical substrate,and that the SERS sensitivity of RhB of the substrate formed by DNA induced silver nanoparticles aggregation is higher than that of the substrate formed by ethanol induced silver nanoparticles aggregation.