Self-medication is very common among people of all ages, usually through nominations from third parties, self-knowledge or easy access in pharmacies. The objective of the study was to evaluate and verify the prevalence of self-medication for the treatment of pain in patients seen in campaigns conducted by Universidade do Oeste Paulista. A questionnaire was applied involving socio-demographic aspects, drug use, the practice of self-medication and types of pain. The sample consisted of 248 participants, where 203 admitted the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (AINEs). Of these 203, 166 (81.7%) reported selfmedication, being dipyrone (48.5%) and paracetamol (21.1%), the most frequently mentioned AINEs. The headache was more prevalent in women 99 (26.8%) and men 51 (13.8%), being women considered the ones who most read the package leaflet 70 (34.5%) and know the effects adverse effects of the same 49 (24.2%). It can be concluded that the practice of self-medication is very frequent in the studied population.


[Objective] To learn the condition of patients with seronegative liver disease,and to discuss the etiological pattern of these liver diseases.[Methods] 183 patients with seronegative viral hepatitis in serum were selected.Utilizing of Indirect Immuno Fluorescent assay to detect the autoantibodies including ANA,AMA,SMA et al in serum of patients with unknown etiology.The technique of nest PCR was used to detect HBV DNA and RT-PCR was used to detect HCV RNA in serum of patients got liver disesase with unknown etiology.Anti-EBV/CMV IgM antibodies was measured with ELISA in serum of patients with unknown etiology.[Results] Of all 183 patients,69 cases got liver disease with unknown etiology and 59 cases got viral hepatitis of unknown virus.These patients were primarily adults.It was found that Autoimmune Liver Disease,Alcoholic Liver Disease,Drugy Liver Disease,Hepatobiliary Surgery Disease,Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,Infectious Monocytosis were 27,23,21,24,4,2 cases respectively.13 cases were those had abnormal liver functions but got non-liver disease.Among 69 patients got liver disease with unknown etiology,7 cases indicated autoantibody positive,the titer was 1:320.[Conclusions] Among these patients with seronegative viral hepatitis in serum,about 37.7% patients were diagnosed as viral hepatitis or liver cirrhosis without knowing of aetiology and these patients can not probably infected by currently known hepatitis virus.About 14.8% cases were diagnosed as autoimmune liver disease.It is necessary that autoantibodies should be examined on patients with hepatitis with unknown aetiology for differential diagnosis of autoimmune liver disease.


One in eight people go to bed hungry according to the latest figures. That's more than 840 million people every day, despite the fact that enough food is produced to go around.


The article by Snyder and Bloom highlights the importance of physicians' actively participating in the legislative process when medicolegal issues are involved. The specific forensic questions addressed by the authors focus on physician reporting of potentially impaired drivers—a problem that has been precipitated by the complexities involved in determining fitness to drive in the elderly. It is no surprise to forensic psychiatrists, especially those in Oregon, that litigation involving motor vehicle accidents continues to lead to novel legal theories within tort law. The Oregon case of Cain v. Rijken initially resulted in Oregon psychiatrists' being obligated to assess their patients' competency to drive, until Oregon psychiatrists were able to work with the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to establish a more reasonable process. This process (now superseded by the legislation referenced by Snyder and Bloom) required, under certain circumstances, that physicians provide relevant information to the DMV, which makes the ultimate decision about licensure. Legal precedents in other jurisdictions demonstrate that in some cases, physicians can be held liable for a patient's car crash and for thirdparty injuries caused by the patient. Several cases have found physicians liable for third-party injuries because they failed to advise their patients about a medication's side effects, medical conditions, and medical apparati that may impair driving performance (Ref. 14, pp 69–73). There is no mystery to why physicians nationwide have been wrestling with these matters for many years. Deaths and injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in persons aged 2 through 33 years (based on 2000 data). Motor vehicle injuries are the leading cause of injuryrelated deaths among 65to 74-year-olds and are the second leading cause after falls in the 75-year and older age group (Ref. 14, pp 9–13). The combination of alcohol and speeding is established as a cause of many traffic accidents. Certain medical conditions can also contribute to motor vehicle accidents. A significant, although often flawed, body of literature is available concerning motor vehicle accidents and mental disorders. What is the role of psychiatrists, who, like other physicians, often assess and treat persons who may be impaired in their ability to drive? The American Psychiatric Association's 1993 Position Statement on the role of psychiatrists in assessing driving ability recognized that persons who have mental disorders may experience symptoms that can interfere with their ability to operate a motor vehicle safely. The APA position statement further states:


Field-induced superconductivity is a rare phenomenon where an applied magnetic field enhances or induces superconductivity. This fascinating effect arises from a complex interplay between magnetism and superconductivity, and it offers the tantalizing technological possibility of an infinite magnetoresistance superconducting spin valve. Here, we demonstrate field-induced superconductivity at a record-high temperature of T=9K in two samples of the ferromagnetic superconductor Eu(Fe$_{0.88}$Co$_{0.12}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$. We combine tunable uniaxial stress and applied magnetic field to shift the temperature range of the zero-resistance state between 4K and 10K. We use x-ray diffraction and spectroscopy measurements under stress and field to demonstrate that stress tuning of the nematic order and field tuning of the ferromagnetism act as independent tuning knobs of the superconductivity. Finally, DFT calculations and analysis of the Eu dipole field reveal the electromagnetic mechanism of the field-induced superconductivity.


Installed capacity markets in the northeast of the United States ensure that adequate generation exists to satisfy regional loss of load probability (LOLP) criterion. LOLP studies are conducted to determine the amount of capacity that is needed, but they do not consider several factors that substantially affect the calculated distribution of available capacity. These studies do not account for the fact that generation availability increases during periods of high demand and therefore prices, common-cause failures that result in multiple generation units being unavailable at the same time, and the negative correlation between load and available capacity due to temperature and humidity. We propose a categorization of incidents in an existing bulk power reliability database to analyze the existence and frequency of independent failures and those associated with resource dynamics. We augment our findings with other empirical findings. We propose using Monte Carlo methods to model these resource dynamics. Using the IEEE Reliability Test System as a single-bus case study, we find that the LOLP results change substantially when these factors are considered. We find that better data collection is necessary to support the more comprehensive modeling of resource adequacy that we propose. In addition, we use a parallel processing method to offset the increase in computational times required to model these dynamics.


. We prove that the knot Floer complex of a fibered knot detects whether the monodromy of its fibration is right-veering. In particular, this leads to a purely knot Floer-theoretic characterization of tight contact structures, by the work of Honda–Kazez–Mati´c. Our proof makes use of the relationship between the Heegaard Floer homology of mapping tori and the symplectic Floer homology of area-preserving surface diffeomorphisms. We describe applications of this work to Dehn surgeries and taut foliations.


Background: Uncertainties remain about the role of common thrombophilia markers as determinants of the ischemic stroke (IS) risk. Polymorphism His1299Arg in the FV gene, named R2 haplotype (FVHR2), has been poorly investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of common thrombophilia markers and of FVHR2 in a cohort of IS patients compared to a nonmatched group of healthy individuals. Methods: We studied 156 consecutive patients survivors of a first ever IS and 124 healthy controls. All subjects were investigated for the gene polymorphisms factor V (FV) Leiden, prothrombin (PTH) G20210A, MTHFR C677T, and FVHR2. Protein C (PC), protein S (PS), antithrombin (ATIII), and lupus anticoagulant (LAC) activity was measured. Homocysteinemia was assessed within 48 hours and after 30 days from stroke onset. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Compared with controls, patients were significantly older (mean [SD] age, 50.5 [12.9] vs 37.5 [15.5] years, P < .001), less frequently females (48.1% vs 67.7%, P = .001) and had more frequently hyperhomocysteinemia (45.9% vs 11.0%) only in the acute phase (OR 6.899, CI 95% 2.993-15.899; P < .001). No differences were found in the prevalence of FV Leiden, PTH G20210A, and MTHFR C677T between patients and controls, whereas FVHR2 was present in 34/156 (22%) stroke patients and in 5/124 (4%) controls (OR 6.632, 95% CI 2.509-17.535, P < .001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the FVHR2 resulted independently associated with the occurrence of IS (OR 6.071, 95% CI 1.762-20.923; P = .004). Conclusions: In our study, hyperhomocysteinemia was confirmed to be a transient consequence of the thrombotic event. FVHR2 seems to be a possible candidate prothrombotic condition related to arterial IS irrespective of age and sex in an Italian sample population.


Poet, essayist and translator, Julia Hartwig has dominated the Polish literary scene for several decades now. She is the author of seven volumes of poetry, of a literary monograph, Gerard de NervaJ, another monograph, Apollinaire, which has been translated into several languages, and of Dziennik AmerykaAski [An American Diary], published in Poland following her stay in the United States. Two volumes of her select poetry have appeared as well. She is an accomplished translator of French poetry (Guillaume Apollinaire, Blaise Cendrars, Henri Michaux, Pierre Reverdy). Moreover, with her husband, Artur Miedzyrecki, she co-edited Antologia poezji amerykafiskiej [An Anthology of American Poetry], which includes many of her translations. Julia Hartwig was elected the Vice President of the Polish Writers Association and is the recipient of the Alfred Jurzykowski literary Award, the Thornton Wilder Prize, and the Georg Trakl Poetry Prize bestowed on her in Austria. Her poetry, both lyrical and engaged, reflects Julia Hartwig's sensitive insights into the domains of her private life and the life of Polish citizens. Yet quite often it miraculously transcends these domains to soar into the realm of metaphysics. Julia Hartwig will be accorded a prominent place in the anthology of Polish women's poetry I am currently (summer of 1994) compiling and translating. The selections below will be included in the volume.


This study presents a numerical study to simulate the shear behavior of reinforced concrete beam using finite element (FE) modelling.  A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model has been developed by using computer program ANSYS version (15.0) in order to investigate the behavior of three rectangular reinforced concrete beams with different longitudinal reinforcement ratio (1,1.5, 2.5%) without struipps, in terms of crack initiation, propagation and pattern, ultimate shear force as well as shear force-deflection relationship. The analytical results of shear force -deflection response have been compared with available experimental tests. In general, good agreement between the finite element solutions and experimental results have been obtained. The maximum ratio of the experimental ultimate shear force to the numerical ultimate shear force has an average value of (0.928). Parametric studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of compressive strength of concrete (f^' c) and shear span to depth ratio (a/d).


The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities characterized by insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, Low HDL, high triglycerides and hypertension, and is believed to play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). In adults, various definitions of the metabolic syndrome have been proposed by several organizations including the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Group for the study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR), the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), the Association for Clinical Endocrinologists (ACE), and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). However, controversy continues around the metabolic syndrome in regards to: (i) whether or not the risk for CVD is greater than that of its individual components; and (ii) whether or not obesity or insulin resistance is at the root of the problem. Despite the explosion of the literature with studies related to adult metabolic syndrome, there are no established criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in pediatrics. Previous studies however have modified the adult criteria to report on the prevalence of this syndrome in youth. In this lecture we will discuss the applicability of the various adult criteria to the pediatric age group. The escalating epidemic of childhood obesity is of great public health concern because of the obesity related co-morbid conditions in youth such as high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. As in adults, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is high in overweight youth. Recently, we demonstrated that abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference, is a significant predictor of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome even after accounting for overall obesity in youth. In this lecture data will be presented to put forward the argument that obesity in childhood, particularly abdominal obesity, plays a major role in the metabolic syndrome. Although insulin resistance is proposed to be the underlying mechanism linking the various components of the metabolic syndrome, studies exploring the relationship between directly measured insulin resistance and the components of the metabolic syndrome are lacking in pediatrics. In this lecture data will be presented from our group showing the relationship of insulin sensitivity to the prevalence of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome based on quartiles of in vivo insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents. Elevated CVD risk factors in childhood are associated with risk of atherosclerotic disease in adulthood. During the early stages of atherosclerotic CVD, biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM–1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM–1) and E-selectin are increased in response to inflammatory cytokines and play an important role in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Although the relationship between circulating adhesion molecules and insulin resistance is well documented in adults, it is unclear if this holds true in youth. In this lecture data will be presented examining the relationship between insulin sensitivity and the biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in pediatrics. At the end of this presentation it will concluded that: (i) obesity is the driving force for the pediatric metabolic syndrome since the prevalence is substantially lower in normal weight (1–3%) compared with overweight (24–51%) youth; (ii) the prevalence of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome increases with decreasing in vivo insulin sensitivity; (iii) adiponectin segregates with the degree of insulin sensitivity; (iv) regardless of the metabolic syndrome criteria used, youth with the metabolic syndrome are characterized by increased waist circumference and visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypoadiponectinemia; (v) in White children with the metabolic syndrome, IL-6 and endothelial biomarkers (ICAM and E-selectin) are elevated; (vi) waist circumference predicts individual components of the metabolic syndrome, such as blood pressure and dyslipidemia, even after accounting for BMI. Given the significant increase in waist circumference among children and adolescents over the last two decades, a marker of abdominal obesity should be considered as an important component of the pediatric metabolic syndrome definition. Moreover, if one is to develop a metabolic syndrome criteria that can be used worldwide, a marker of abdominal obesity could be more useful than BMI since certain populations have higher abdominal adiposity than others for a given BMI. Perhaps, waist circumference cutoffs in conjunction with BMI percentile can be developed and included in the criteria to define the pediatric metabolic syndrome. At the present there is an urgent need to establish unified criteria for the metabolic syndrome in youth which could be utilized for research purposes worldwide to avoid the confusion which exists in the current literature with a wide range of prevalence rates based on different criteria. Lastly, it is only after careful and streamlined research that one can establish the clinical translation of the utility of coining this 'syndrome' against the backdrop of the continued disagreement in the literature.


A Monte Carlo code (artis) for modelling time-dependent three-dimensional spectral synthesis in chemically inhomogeneous models of Type Ia supernova ejecta is presented. Following the propagation of γ-ray photons, emitted by the radioactive decay of the nucleosynthesis products, energy is deposited in the supernova ejecta and the radiative transfer problem is solved self-consistently, enforcing the constraint of energy conservation in the comoving frame. Assuming a photoionization-dominated plasma, the equations of ionization equilibrium are solved together with the thermal balance equation adopting an approximate treatment of excitation. Since we implement a fully general treatment of line formation, there are no free parameters to adjust. Thus, a direct comparison between synthetic spectra and light curves, calculated from hydrodynamic explosion models, and observations is feasible. The code is applied to the well-known W7 explosion model and the results tested against other studies. Finally, the effect of asymmetric ejecta on broad-band light curves and spectra is illustrated using an elliptical toy model.


In vivo 1H short echo-time magnetic resonance spectra are made up of overlapping spectral components from many metabolites. Typically, they exhibit low signal-to-noise ratio. Metabolite concentrations are obtained by quantitating such spectra. Quantitation is difficult due to the superposition of metabolite resonances, macromolecules, lipids and water residue contributions. A fitting algorithm invoking extensive prior knowledge is needed. We quantitated 1H in vivo mouse brain spectra obtained at 7 Tesla using the time-domain QUEST method combined with in vitro metabolite basis set signals. Brain metabolite concentrations estimated from eight mouse brain signals are compared to previously reported results


Chemical shifts for 29Si in seven series of molecules of the type XnSiY4−n have been measured where Y is an alkyl group and X varies widely in electronegativity. A considerable amount of proton and...


"While observing the barbarous inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, it struck me that the possession of some property, a fixed abode, and the union of many families under a chief, were the indispensable requisites for civilization. Such habits almost necessitate the cultivation of the ground; and the first steps would probably result... from some such accident as the seeds of a fruit tree falling on a heap of refuse, and producing some unusually fine variety. The problem, however, of the first advance of savages toward civilization is at present much too difficult to be solved." C. Darwin, Descent of Man (1874)


Architecture designers tend to integrate both CPUs and GPUs on the same chip to deliver energy-efficient designs. It is still an open problem to effectively leverage the advantages of both CPUs and GPUs on integrated architectures. In this work, we port 42 programs in Rodinia, Parboil, and Polybench benchmark suites and analyze the co-running behaviors of these programs on both AMD and Intel integrated architectures. We find that co-running performance is not always better than running the program only with CPUs or GPUs. Among these programs, only eight programs can benefit from the co-running, while 24 programs only using GPUs and seven programs only using CPUs achieve the best performance. The remaining three programs show little performance preference for different devices. Through extensive workload characterization analysis, we find that architecture differences between CPUs and GPUs and limited shared memory bandwidth are two main factors affecting current co-running performance. Since not all the programs can benefit from integrated architectures, we build an automatic decision-tree-based model to help application developers predict the co-running performance for a given CPU-only or GPU-only program. Results show that our model correctly predicts 14 programs out of 15 for evaluated programs. For a co-run friendly program, we further propose a profiling-based method to predict the optimal workload partition ratio between CPUs and GPUs. Results show that our model can achieve 87.7 percent of the optimal performance relative to the best partition. The co-running programs acquired with our method outperform the original CPU-only and GPU-only programs by 34.5 and 20.9 percent respectively.


X HIS paper concerns two Nineteenth Cen tury ethnographic accounts of subsistence practices of native groups in the Great Basin. The first is a letter written by John Muir (Muir 1918), the eminent conservation ist and naturalist. The second (Anonymous 1881) was published in The West Shore, a journal of the time. To my knowledge, neither account has received notice by Great Basin anthropologists, though Muir's discus sion was noted in passing by Fleck (1985). Because "new" ethnographic information about Great Basin Indians is somewhat rare, such early reports are of interest to current studies of the anthropology of this region, and of hunter-gather er studies in general. Both accounts are quoted at length; to each I append a brief analysis of their signifi cance to current Great Basin anthropological


This is the first series of Midwifery Basics. It will contain a collection of authors, curated by Renae Coleman, and will explore the concepts of 'cultural safety in midwifery' within the Australian context. This series will consider the importance of equity, diversity, and inclusion, and show how midwives and birth workers are essential in creating a safe space for all.


Furious host, wild hunt, locally also known as the army of Wode or Wuotis, army of anger or rage, wild retinue, or simply wild huntsman, is according to German legend a host led by Wotan (hence the name) or a large retinue of ghosts, that, seldom seen and frequently heard, rushes through the air with terrible thunder. The legend, which reaches far back into antiquity, is based on the notion that the souls of the departed move through agitated air. To this day tradition links the wild hunt to the nightly thunder in densely wooded areas. . . . Instead of the ghostly animals that accompany the retinue of the wild huntsman, there sometimes appear warriors with drums, trumpets and flaming weapons on fiery horses led by Wotan, the supreme warlord, or by one of his surrogates, such as Emperor Charles in the Odenwald region, and it is believed this only happens when a war is about to break out.3


In the past, the virtual power plant (VPP) only considered economic optimization during the operation process, and ignored the safety of the distribution network, which caused the difficulty of implementing the VPP demonstration project. With the vigorous implementation of poverty alleviation policies such as photovoltaics, a large number of distributed power sources, mainly photovoltaics, have been connected to the grid. On the one hand, there may be a reverse flow of power and cause voltage over-limit problems. On the other hand, it also makes the composition of VPP present a variety of possibilities. In order to improve the utilization of existing resources in the distribution network, some resources in the distribution network are selected to aggregate into virtual power plants, and the different functions of photovoltaic, energy storage, electric vehicles and other resources in VPP and in the distribution network are analyzed. The distributed resource control strategy of VPP and distribution network is proposed, and the optimization model of VPP member selection considering the economy of VPP and the security of distribution network is established, and the improved IEEE33 node system is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Failures in photovoltaic systems are a problem of great importance because they cause a deterioration in the production of electrical energy, among which is the dust on the surface of the photovoltaic system. This paper proposes a method to detect dust on the surface of a photovoltaic system in series configuration. In addition, shows by visual inspection that the IV characteristic of a photovoltaic panel is equal to the IV characteristic of a photovoltaic system. To obtain the results, 120 signals were used, 60 for the design of the method and the rest for the validation of the method. The proposed method only yielded 2 false positives out of 30 signals where there was no fault present.


Magnetocaloric hydrogen liquefaction could be a "game-changer" for liquid hydrogen industry. Although heavy rare-earth-based magnetocaloric materials show strong magnetocaloric effects in the temperature range required by hydrogen liquefaction (77 ~ 20 K), the high resource criticality of the heavy rare-earth elements is a major obstacle for upscaling this emerging liquefaction technology. In contrast, the higher abundances of the light rareearth elements make their alloys highly appealing for magnetocaloric hydrogen liquefaction. Via a mean-field approach, it is demonstrated that tuning the Curie temperature (TC) of an idealized light rare-earth-based magnetocaloric material towards lower cryogenic temperatures leads to larger maximum magnetic and adiabatic temperature changes (ΔST and ΔTad). Especially in the vicinity of the condensation point of hydrogen (20 K), ΔST and ΔTad of the optimized light rare-earth-based material are predicted to show significantly large values. Following the mean-field approach and taking the chemical and physical similarities of the light rare-earth elements into consideration, a method of designing light rare-earth intermetallic compounds for hydrogen liquefaction is proposed: tunning TC of a rare-earth alloy to approach 20 K by mixing light rare-earth elements with different de Gennes factors. By mixing Nd and Pr in Laves phase (Nd,Pr)Al2, and Pr and Ce in Laves phase (Pr,Ce)Al2, a fully light rare-earth intermetallic series with large magnetocaloric effects covering the temperature range required by hydrogen liquefaction is developed, demonstrating a competitive maximum effect compared to the heavy rareearth compound DyAl2.


We design a system for improving the calculation of the price to be charged for an insurance product. Standard pricing techniques generally take into account the expected severity of potential losses. However, the severity of a loss can be extremely high and the risk of a severe loss is not homogeneous for all policy holders. We argue that risk loadings should be based on risk evaluations that avoid too many model assumptions. We apply a nonparametric method and illustrate our contribution with a real problem in the area of motor insurance.


This paper analyses the capabilities developed by micro and small companies inserted in techno-productive networks in the eletrometal-mechanic productive arrangements of the region of Joinville, located in the northeast of the State of Santa Catarina. This arrangement is characterized by a strongly diversified and heterogeneous productive structure, with patterns of specialization and complementarities according to the size of establishments and along different activities. The analysis of the labor division in the arrangement and of the specializations by size of the companies, combined with the market interactions and the types of sub contraction, will help to comprehend how micro and small companies insert themselves in the arrangement and technological capabilities they develop. The study is based on the neo-schumpeterian theoretical framework and has as its main objective the analysis of the different technological capabilities developed by these types of firms, according to their pattern of insertion in the local productive structure. For this purpose a survey with 83 companies of different sizes was made. An important finding was the existence of several kinds of techno-productive networks, which vary according to the forms of governance, the productive and technological characteristics and the nature of the learning processes. Such specificities affect, with different intensities, the possibilities of technological capacity building, which were also influenced by the relations with agents outside the arrangement.


In this paper, comparative assessment of the previous feed-in tariff (FiT) and the new net energy energy metering (NEM) scheme for residential PV system in Malaysia is carried out. The study used two different load profiles of two different residential houses for fixed rooftop PV system. The analysis is performed by using Homer software. The electricity tariff for Malaysia is used to compare the FiT and NEM in terms of financial benefit to consumers. This paper considers several financial factors such as payback period, Net Present Cost (NPC) and Cost of Electricity (COE). For comparison, the similar analysis is conducted by using Electricity tariff in another country in Europe i.e. Portugal. The comparative results indicated that FiT provides better financial return as compared to NEM for residential consumer in Malaysia.


The nonlinear vertical motion control problem of a class of low-speed underwater vehicles equipped with vertical thrusters was studied.With consideration of the unknown parameters in dynamic model,a nonlinear adaptive controller was designed with backstepping technique to globally asymptotically stabilize the depth and pitch angle to their desired values.In the simulation studies,the proposed controller was applied to the REMUS underwater vehicle,and the results demonstrate the global asymptotical stability of the tracking errors and the adaptability to the previously unknown model parameters.


The invention relates to a dynamic semi-automatic welding method for an LNC (Liquefied Natural Gas) inner tank wall plate and belongs to the technical field of welding. The dynamic semi-automatic welding method comprises the following steps: forming an X-shaped welding groove; adopting semi-automatic inert-gas tungsten electrode protected welding equipment; performing backing welding; performing filling welding to two surfaces; performing cosmetic welding; forming two-surface closed welding seams. The dynamic semi-automatic welding method is characterized in that the welding quality is higher; the welding speed is high; welding materials are saved; on-site welding operation is flexible.


The case of a 13‐year‐old female presenting with a 6 week history of significant vomiting resulting from a gastric duplication is described. At endoscopy, an antral mass which appeared to change in size and site with peristalsis was evident. Although rare, these lesions need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of gastric outlet obstruction. However, in the majority of cases, the diagnosis is rarely made prior to surgery.


In order to carry out the quick, efficiency and quality developing style, the existed commercial mechanical parts data should be used by those R&D enterprises through out of the network. The network-based mechanical part suppliers searching system is proposed to help to fulfill this process. Farther research showed that the core work of the suppliers searching system is the optimization of the required commercial part data such as the price, quality and delivery time etc. consisted of the whole scheme. In this paper, detailed work is focused on the modeling of the parts supplying system. About the model solving algorithm including of the extra part transport fee is also discussed. In the end, a calculating instance is provided to prove the feasibility of the optimizing model.


'India' is not an Indian-English word. It is, however, a quintessentially English-Indian word. The Mughals knew the territory that they ruled as Al-Hind, with the term 'Hind' being a contraction of the Persian word 'Hindustan'. 'Hindustan' specifically denoted the IndoGangetic plain, the area between the Indus River and the Vindhya Range. The land beyond the Vindhya Range, Deccan and/or the south, was different from Hindustan in a number of ways: it was 'non-Aryan', and had its own languages distinct from the variations of Persian and Urdu spoken in Hindustan. The term 'Hindustan' was also occasionally used to transcend this bifurcation and refer to both north and south. As British colonial rule became institutionalised, so did the usage of the term India over Hindustan. The Dutch United East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, or VOC) formed the model for the English East India Company, with the term 'East Indies' functioning in its widest sense as a descriptive marker for all of Southeast Asia. The term India was of Greek and Latin origin, which may have been why the British preferred it. Opposed to Hindustan/India is the term 'Bharat', derived from the Puranas. The Sanskrit term was disseminated in English writing as part of the Orientalist project of collating native knowledge, and this legitimate knowledge was then re-appropriated by colonised subjects as part of their imagining and re-imagining of the nation. Undoubtedly, the choice of any name—whether Al-Hind, Hindustan, Bharat or India—is framed within ideological discursive frameworks. The fact that the term AlHind, while the subject of a multi-volume historical work, has disappeared from common use and from collaborative online repositories of knowledge such as Wikipedia, is indicative of the increasingly successful attempt to obliterate aspects of the Muslim past of Hindustan. The two names Bharat and India also enable a play around contrasts, easily availed of by politicians, journalists and social commentators. In this form of analysis, Bharat stands for the traditional, pastoral and idyllic nation, sometimes subject to poverty and deprivation by India, which here functions as the developed, Western and often corrupt space. It is this familiar shorthand that allows the chief of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), Mohan Bhagwat, to claim that rapes happen in India, but not in Bharat. Prior to formal Independence, people of Indian origin were scattered across the world at various levels in the colonial hierarchy: from bonded labourers in the Fijian islands to merchants in British-ruled Africa to students in the UK. Jawaharlal Nehru addressed this


Antipsychotics (APS) can be divided into typical and atypical APS. Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) is characterized by an abnormal increase in prolactin level of peripheral blood circulation. All typical APS and atypical APS risperidone can lead to the serum prolactin level of women with mental illness significantly higher than normal value. While most atypical APS only result in transient and slightly increase of serum prolactin level or even do not lead to the increase of serum prolactin level. HPRL caused by APS is one of the main reasons for menstrual disorders and amenorrhea in women with mental illness. The treatments of HPRL, menstrual disorders and amenorrhea caused by APS are mainly to reduce level of prolactin. The incidences of HPRL and menstrual disorders caused by different APS are different. Accurate clinical evaluation and management of HPRL can improve the quality of life and compliance of female psychiatric patients. This review expounds the treatment of adverse reactions HPRL and menstrual disorders caused by APS in treatment of female psychiatric patients, in order to provide reference for clinical reduction of adverse reactions in female psychiatric patients.

Key words:
Antipsychotic agents; Hyperprolactinemia; Prolactin; Menstruation disturbances; Amenorrhea; Mentally ill persons; Female


S u m m a r y – Thymus vulgaris L. (common thyme) is an aromatic, medicinal and spice plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Its aerial parts are considered to have bronchospasmolytic, expectorant and antibacterial effects and becouse of that they are common ingredient of the cough and bronchial teas and other phytopreparations. Thymus pulegioides L. (large wild thyme) has been often united with T. serpyllum, but Flora Europaea clearly distinguishes these two species. The aim of this comparative study was to determine morphological, anatomical and phytochemical features required for the differentiation and identity proof of T. vulgaris and T. pulegioides. Based on different morphological features, the leaves in toto of T. vulgaris and T. pulegioides can be easily distinguished. Comparative anatomical analysis showed that T. vulgaris has a stem pubescent all round while the stem of T. pulegioides is hairy on the angles only. On the lower surface of the thyme leaf there are characteristic warty bicellular (or tricellular) elbow-shaped covering trichomes, absent in T. pulegioides. Furthermore, long multicellular covering trichomes were only found on the base of T. pulegioides leaf. Thin-layer chromatography of leaf extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids and monoterpenoid phenols. Characteristic features of chromatograms of flavonoids as chemotaxonomic markers enable simple and reliable identification of Thymus species studied and their preparations as well. Finally, quantitative analysis showed that the contents of total flavonoids in the leaves of T. vulgaris and T. pulegioides were 0, 06 % and 0, 10 % respectivelly.


Contemporary university students' psychology shows that the bad personality,incompetent ability and weak mind.The main reason why university students have not good enough psychology lies in ideological and political education,especially in the fault of the ideal and faith education,and lies in moral education that is not in its best or improper;Only fully use the moral means,strengthen university students' thought political theory education,ideal and faith education,and morality train,can university students' psychology be improved effectively.


Study Design. Retrospective case series. Objectives. To determine the influence of spine and trunk deformity on preoperative idiopathic scoliosis patients' health-related quality of life questionnaire responses. Summary of Background Data. Management recommendations for patients with idiopathic scoliosis during adolescence are based heavily on spine deformity and to some extent trunk deformity magnitude. However, the manner in which these objective measures influence the patients' perception of their condition is unclear. Methods. Of 67 consecutive preoperative patients, 61 (91%) had completed the Scoliosis Research Society-22 health-related quality of life questionnaire and had been studied with posterior exposure surface topography. Their average age was 15 years, 6 months (range 10 years, 10 months–20 years, 10 months), and the average maximum Cobb was 63° (range 40–137°). Correlations between spine and trunk deformity measures and Scoliosis Research Society-22 scores were determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient, with P < 0.01 considered significant. Results. For the study group, spine deformity (Cobb) correlated significantly only with Scoliosis Research Society-22 function (r = −0.39, P = 0.0022) domain. Neither coronal nor transverse plane trunk deformity composite scores correlated with any Scoliosis Research Society-22 scores. The Hump Index component of the transverse plane Suzuki Hump Sum composite score was the only trunk measurement to correlate significantly (function r = −0.45, P = 0.003; self image, r = −0.36, P = 0.0040). The strongest correlations occurred when the single thoracic curves, King classifications III and IV, were combined: Cobb versus function r = −0.53, P = 0.0027; Cobb versus self-image r = −0.46, P = 0.0099; and Hump Index versus function r = −0.60, P = 0.0005. There were no significant correlations between either spine deformity or any trunk deformity measure with Scoliosis Research Society-22 responses for either the double or thoracolumbar curve pattern groups. Conclusion. Both spine and upper thoracic transverse plane trunk deformity significantly influenced preoperative idiopathic scoliosis patients' perception of function and self-image, but not pain or mental health. However, in spite of a fairly rigorous standard of proof, P ≤ 0.01, the significant r values ranged from −0.33 to −0.68, suggesting that there are factors other than spine and trunk deformity influencing the idiopathic scoliosis patients' health-related quality of life questionnaire responses. Future studies are necessary to define these factors.


The responsibility of men in terms of family planning is very important in the role of family planning programs. However, there is an imbalance in the number of contraceptive participation in female and male FP acceptors. The participation of men is still very low, compared to female. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between husband characteristics seen from the factors of age, education, occupation, ethnicity, religion, income, number of children, also about husband knowledge, attitudes husband and wife / family support, and access to media / participation of husband as KB acceptor. This is a cross sectional study of 90 husbands chosen purposively in Pulogadung Sub District in September 2016. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation  between knowledge with the participation of respondents as Family Planning acceptors, the higher the knowledge level, the higher the participation of husband as the acceptors of family planning with p value 0.022 (OR = 4,818; 95% CI 1.476 to 15.728). There was a significant positive correlation between attitudes with the participation of respondents as family planning acceptors, the higher the attitudes they have, the higher the participation of husbands as the acceptors of family planning p value 0,007 (OR = 13,813; 95% CI 2,286 to 66,111). Health workers are expected to further promote the promotion of male KB acceptor services, through the provision of family planning education in the form of counseling and family approaches concerning the importance of family planning for men. For those have become acceptors are expected to be role models by spreading to their peer.


We calculate for the first time the probability density functions (PDFs) P of burst energy e, duration T and inter-burst interval τ for a known turbulent system in nature. Bursts in the earth-sun component of the Poynting flux at 1 AU in the solar wind were measured using the MFI and SWE experiments on the NASA WIND spacecraft. We find P (e) and P (T) to be power laws, consistent with self-organised criticality (SOC). We find also a power law form for P (τ) that distinguishes this turbulent cascade from an SOC avalanche distribution with exponential τ. We discuss the implications for the relation between SOC and turbulence.


Summary:  Purpose: Genetically epileptic model rats, Ihara epileptic rat (IER/F substrain), have neuropathologic abnormalities and develop generalized convulsive seizures when they reach the age of ∼5 months. Because the neuromorphologic abnormalities are centered in the hippocampus, we expected to observe spatial cognitive deficits. The present study aimed to evaluate emotionality and learning ability of the F substrain of IER.


The composition and characteristic of digital color technologies course system were introduced.The efficient teaching and practice methods were discussed aimed at improving the students′ application ability of textile coloration.


Background: As of December 17, 2021, India has been reporting a daily increase of over 7447 in fresh COVID-19 cases, total over 3.4 crore cases. Lack of knowledge and perceptions among health-care workers (HCWs) can pose challenges to disease control. HCWs are high-risk group for COVID-19; Adequate knowledge and COVID appropriate behavior can help prevent and contain the disease. Only early diagnosis and quarantine with proper management help to limit the COVID-19 transmission. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried for 30 days, from the September 16, 2020–October 15, 2020, in a block of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, with varying cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases. A 36-item survey instrument on various domains was adapted for assessment of COVID-19 awareness. Results: The survey was conducted among 115 frontline HCWs engaged in screening and treating COVID-19 patients. Survey results indicated that majority have good knowledge about the disease, its symptom, testing, management guidelines but lack of knowledge found on mode of organ damage and home isolation advices. Addressing their perceptions and placing additional focus on practices across all health facilities is recommended as a preparedness measure. Conclusions: As the global threat of COVID-19 still continues to emerge, targeted interventions are required for HCWs, and further studies are warranted on field level HCWs.


Based on the nature of the military's relations with social and political spheres and actors, this study delineates four types of militaries: professional, nation's army, predatory praetorian and popular praetorian. The article shows that the Turkish military constitutes one of the rare epitomes of popular praetorian military and discusses the current state and prospects of civil-military relations in Turkey.


Objective To establish a method for the content determination of baicalin and chlorogenic acid in Yinhuang capsules and Yinhuang granules. Methods Samples were analyzed on a uncoated fused silica capillary (55 cm×75 μm, 47 cm) using 40 mmol/L Na2B4O7(pH 9.30)as running buffer. The voltage was 15 kV. The detection wavelength was 310 nm. Results The method was validated over linear ranges of 20.2~101 μg/mL(r=0.9981)for baicalin and 5.15~25.75 μg/mL(r=0.9991)for chlorogenic acid. The average recoveries of baicalin and chlorogenic acid in Yinhuang capsules were 105.0% and 97.2%,respectively. The average recoveries of baicalin and chlorogenic acid in Yinhuang granules were 101.3% and 96.6%,respectively. Conclusion This technique provides a sensitive, rapid, reproducible and inexpensive assay suitable for quantitative determination of baicalin and chlorogenic acid in Yinhuang capsules and Yinhuang granules.


Undergraduates' technology innovation projects carried out by engineering colleges agree with CDIO model and accord with personnel that engineering colleges intend to train.Initiated by students and completed by team work,undergraduates' technology innovation projects are a complete process which involves conception,design and operation regulated by CDIO.The analysis of the comparison of conception,design,completion and operation specified by CDIO model and conception,application,project establishment,design implementation,and appraisal and acceptance of undergraduates' technology innovation projects,reveals that CDIO model is beneficial to undergraduates' technology innovation projects.Moreover,such projects can be regarded as a feasible approach to training excellent engineers.


AbstractThis study examines the time series behavior of South African house prices within a fractional integration modeling framework while identifying potential breaks and outliers. We used quarterly data on the six house price indexes, namely affordable, luxury, middle-segment (all sizes, large, medium, and small sizes), covering 1966: Q1-2012:Q1 for the different middle-segments, 1966:Q3-2012:Q1 for the luxury segment, and 1969:Q4-2012:Q1 for the affordable segment. In general, there is persistence in South African house prices with breaks identified. Our results show that in the cases of affordable and luxury, shocks will be transitory, disappearing in the long run, while for the remaining four series of the middle-segment, shocks will be permanent. Hence, for the middle-segment series, strong policy measures must be adopted in the event of negative shocks, in order to recover the original trends.(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)This study examines the persistence behavior of South African house prices within a fractional integration modeling framework while identifying potential breaks and outliers. Developments in house prices have major economic implications in every economy and South Africa in particular. Gupta and Hartley (forthcoming) point out that house price in South Africa is a leading indicator for output and inflation, and hence, can provide important information as to where the real economy is heading. Housing affects the net wealth of households and their capacity to borrow and spend, as well as profitability and employment in the construction and real estate industries (Maier and Herath, 2009; Posedel and Vizek, 2010). Monetary policy moves may translate to mortgage market rate changes; housing demand may change during the business cycle and housing might be a hedge against inflation (Demary, 2010; Inglesi-Lotz and Gupta, 2013). Asset price bubbles have potential negative effects on the economy. The departure of asset prices from fundamentals can lead to inappropriate investments that decrease the efficiency of the economy (Mishkin, 2007). Furthermore, the origin of the recent global financial crisis has quite clearly demonstrated the importance of the housing market for the financial system and the economy. The importance of housing is also reflected in the great number of papers published on house price modeling.Understanding the time series behavior of house prices is critical in the assessment of the impact of house price shocks and structural breaks on households, firms, and the general economy. Further, house intermediaries rely on price series to manage their activity, therefore investigating the statistical characteristics of prices is of paramount importance for their management (Garcia and Raya, 2011). Two important features commonly observed in house price data are persistence across time and breaks in the series (Alexander and Barrow, 1994; Gil-Alana and Barros, 2012). Persistence is a measure of the extent to which short-term shocks1 in current market conditions lead to permanent future changes (MacDonald and Taylor, 1993). Modeling the degree of persistence is important in that it reflects the stability of the macroeconomic variable of the relevant country (Barros, Gil-Alana, and Payne, 2011). Furthermore, the persistence of house price shocks may be transmitted to other sectors and macroeconomic aggregates. Such shocks could be transitory or persistent.2 A prior knowledge of the persistent behavior of house prices can help real estate agents reap the benefit of positive effects, or avoid the drawbacks of a negative effect (Gil-Alana and Barros, 2012). Information on persistence is critical for policy decisions in the event of an exogenous shock, when different policy measures have to be taken depending on the degree of persistence (Himmelberg, Mayer, and Sinai, 2005).The definition of persistence is inadequate without considering the influence of breaks and outliers. …


On deletion of the gene encoding the constant region of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR)α chain in mature T cells by induced Cre-mediated recombination, the cells lose most of their TCR from the cell surface within 7–10 days, but minute amounts of surface-bound TCRβ chains are retained for long periods of time. In a situation in which cellular influx from the thymus is blocked, TCR-deficient naïve T cells decay over time, the decay rates being faster for CD8+ cells (t1/2 ≈ 16 days) than for CD4+ cells (t1/2 ≈ 46 days). TCR+ naïve cells are either maintained (CD8+) or decay more slowly (CD4+; t1/2 ≈ 78 days.) Numbers of TCR-deficient memory T cells decline very slowly (CD8+ cells; t1/2 ≈ 52 days) or not at all (CD4+ cells), but at the population level, these cells fail to expand as their TCR+ counterparts do. Together with earlier data on T cell maintenance in environments lacking appropriate major histocompatibility complex antigens, these data argue against the possibility that spontaneous ligand-independent signaling by the αβTCR contributes significantly to T-cell homeostasis.


The most challenging problem of nowadays is to find end-end text detection of the natural images. Text detection of natural images has used number of models with carefully hand engineered features and their prior knowledge of the analysis. In the given paper, we consider multilayer neural network with different route and combine its representational power with recent developments in unsupervised feature learning, we train highly accurate text detector and recognizer modules by using a common framework. We integrate these two modules into a full end-to-end, lexicon-driven, scene text recognition module system by using the simple off the shelf methods it makes the state of art on benchmarks like SVT and ICDAR 2003.


UV laser fluorescence detection of trace atmospheric gases under airborne conditions has been proven to be capable of detecting atmospheric OH in the sub-part-per-trillion (ppt) range.1 This system used a Nd:YAG pumped dye laser to produce <.5 mJ at 2819Å (via SHG) in order to pump the v′=−1 manifold of the A2Σ+ excited state of OH. The resulting fluorescence was monitored at 3095Å using a high throughput optical collection scheme. Davis, et al. recently reported the requirements necessary for detecting ppt levels of the atmospheric trace gases NO, SO2 and CH2O based on their already proven OH detection system.2 Presented here are the experimental details of such a system which has detected NO at the ppt level under atmospheric conditions.


All honor to Clarendon Press for continuing to publish the Oxford Bunyan series in these difficult economic times. Certainly, this volume makes important supplementary information about Bunyan and the issues of his day available to a broad readership. Although these tracts are unlikely to be studied for their literary merit, the works do supply valuable background information about Bunyan's fictions. This volume should also be noted by scholars interested in women's issues. "A Case of Conscience Resolved" provides insight into the beliefs and rationalizations that buttressed men's attitudes about women and their role in church life. The six tracts address four controversies: justification, open membership, the status of women, and the seventh-day Sabbath. Introductory comments are organized around these four issues. The tracts are, therefore, discussed in the larger historical and ideological context in which they arose. These comments are concise but informative, and a basic bibliography of related historical and critical studies may be gleaned from the footnotes that accompany each major topic. The texts are presented with a minimum of editorial interference. The earliest available texts are used but authoritative additions and revisions from later editions are also included; printer's errors are removed but the original punctuation and grammar remain. In all, then, this edition makes a valuable contribution to both Bunyan scholarship and seventeenth-century studies.


YES NO 1. I look forward to going to work on Monday morning. o o 2. I feel positive and up most of the time I am working. o o 3. I have energy at the end of each work day to attend to the people I care about. o o 4. I have energy at the end of each work day to engage in personal interests. o o 5. I have the time and energy in my life to read books that interest me. o o 6. Most interactions at work are positive. o o 7. I have good friends at work. o o 8. I feel valued and affirmed at work. o o 9. I feel recognized and appreciated at work. o o 10. Work is a real plus in my life. o o 11. I'm engaged in meaningful work. o o 12. I feel free to be who I am at work. o o 13. I feel free to do things the way I like at work. o o 14. My values fit with the organizational values. o o 15. I am aligned with the organizational mission. o o 16. I trust our leadership team. o o 17. I respect the work of my peers. o o 18. I have opportunities to learn what I want to learn. o o 19. I feel involved in decisions that affect our organizational community. o o 20. Creativity and innovation are supported. o o 21. I feel informed about what's going on. o o 22. I know what is expected of me at work. o o 23. I have the materials and equipment that I need in order to do my work right. o o 24. I have the opportunity to do what I do best every day at work. o o 25. My manager cares about me as a person. o o 26. I know someone at work who encourages my development. o o 27. My opinions count. o o 28. My coworkers are committed to doing quality work. o o 29. My manager reviews my progress. o o 30. I am fairly compensated. o o Job SatiSfaction Survey


In this paper the authors present a fast inverse iterative algorithm with a feedback loop designed to reconstruct a crack shape using multifrequency eddy current data. It uses a parametric description of the flaws. Therefore, the algorithm can be applied to recognize natural and regularly‐shaped flaws, especially of the profiles close to triangle, rectangle, ellipse and trapezium. The algorithm is not sensitive to the signal distortions caused by noise and lift‐off fluctuations. The new forward model based on the ANFIS network has been proposed. The optimization problem has been solved by the means of genetic algorithms.


Abstract Stoichiometric reactions of 2,3:5,6-di-O-ethylboranediyl-α-D -mannofuranosyl bromide (1) with O -nucleophiles at room temperature give β-D-mannofuranosides with excellent stereoselectivities. The labile glycosides obtained are deboronated in quantitative yields and then converted to their tetra-O -acetates. The products are characterized by NMR spectroscopy.


How to make ethical decision making is very important in many aspect managerial process, because its implication can impact many other activities. Research found that many unethical behavior in business process is caused by unethical decision making. The recent research indicates that gender has important role in decision making process. The research is aimed to examine the effects of gender in decision making process in management. Beside it, the research also wants to examine the influence of moral reasoning to ethical decision making. Research involved 105 respondent from many non profit organizations located in East Java. By using t-test, the result reveals that there is significant difference between women and man in decision making. Women more ethical in decision making than men, in some aspect. Women more commit to autonomy, equality, win-win principle and moral integrity. By using simple regression analysis, the result indicates that moral reasoning influences significantly to ethical decision making. This research support the previously research that is conducted by Glover (2002) which the culture setting similarly with this research. The result can't be separated by the Indonesia cultural that expect women more ethical, obedience and respect to moral


Abstract : The shift from wired to fully wireless communication is causing an increasing demand on the frequency spectrum. The cognitive radio was introduced to solve spectrum scarcity by allowing spectrum sharing between licensed and unlicensed users. This approach presents a challenge to source localization because of the cognitive radio's capability to shift its spatial, frequency and temporal parameters. The extended semi-range-based (ESRB) and cooperative-received-signal-strength-based (CRSSB) localization schemes are proposed to overcome the challenge of identifying and locating a cognitive radio over time using a wireless sensor network. The objective of this thesis was to set up a testbed using GNU Radio and Universal Software Radio Peripherals (USRPs) to estimate the position of a cognitive radio device using the ESRB and CRSSB localization schemes. The ESRB algorithm does not provide accurate position estimates but the estimates are observed to be concentrated in the vicinity and converging toward the true position of the secondary user. The errors are believed to be caused by three factors: a limited number of sensor nodes used (four), an insufficient number of spectral scans per superframe (55), and the lack of synchronization among sensor nodes. The CRSSB localization scheme gave a more accurate position estimation.


Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and enterotoxin producing Staphylococci are potential food borne pathogens and their presence in ready to eat meat products and their handlers indicates that it is necessary to improve hygienic measures during manipulation of meat products. A total of 140 samples including 120 RTE meat products (beef luncheon, chicken luncheon and beef frankfurter, 40 samples, each) and 20 hand swabs of their handlers were collected from randomly selected supermarkets at Al-Salam city, Cairo, Egypt. These samples were examined for the presence of Shiga toxins producing E. coli (Stx1 and Stx2) and enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, nasal swabs of RTE meat handlers were examined for enterotoxigenic S. aureus. Moreover, Stool of 50 diarrheic persons having the habit of eating RTE meat of the same categories examined were collected from private laboratories then examined for STEC. E. coli was detected in beef luncheon (20%), chicken luncheon (10%), stool samples (20%) and hand swabs (15%). Serological identification of E. coli isolates revealed the presence of E. coli O55:K59, O26:K60, O111:K58, O124:K72 and O128:K67 in beef luncheon, O55:K59 and O111:K58 in chicken luncheon, O55:K59, O124:K72 and O128:K67 in stool samples and O111:K58 and O124:K72 in hand swab. Stx1 was detected in O26:K60 isolate, Stx2 was detected in E. coli O128:K67 isolates, while Stx1 and Stx2 were detected in O111:K58 isolates. Moreover, S. aureus was detected in beef and chicken luncheon (10%, each), hand swabs (20%) and nasal swabs (30%). Further analysis of S. aureus isolates for toxigenic capabilities using ELISA technique revealed that the number of the enterotoxigenic strains were 3 (SEA, SED, SEA+SEC) in beef luncheon, 2 (SEA and SEC) in chicken luncheon, 3 (SEA, SEC and SED) in hand swabs and 3 (SEA, SEC and SEA+SED) in nasal swabs.


This paper presents the situations of cracks occurring in the box girder of main spans of Tianshui Road Huanghe River Bridge in Lanzhou during the construction, analysis of the causes of crack formation, and remedy of the cracks.


This paper describes the use and value of digital Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) networks on-board small avionic and space platforms. Packaging and heat transfer efficiency are achieved when all of the optical wavelength sources occupy a common location. Each receiver is allocated a specific addressable wavelength that can be selected or tuned at the source (transmitter). Individual delays may be applied to assure synchronization at each receiver. The output of each individual source wavelength is pre-modulated with a clock signal. Signal modulation is applied by passing or rejecting the clock signals. Control plane functions can be merged with the data plane functions. Although based on a single data rate, this implementation of the digital WDM LAN concept can possibly be extended to process packet and analog payloads.


This study discusses the marketing strategy of pindang fish in the Lima Putra Sejahtera Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM), which is one of the MSMEs that processes and markets pindang fish which is in demand by the public because the selling value of the processed is affordable by the community. However, the Lima Putra Sejahtera MSMEs had problems related to marketing, including: (i) promotion was not optimal because it was still conventional, (ii) did not have an official digital store, (iii) the lack of MSMEs ability to collect market information, and (iv) the existence of a pandemic Covid-19 which made retailing even more difficult. The aims of this study were (i) to analyze the internal and external environmental factors that affect the marketing of pindang fish in the Lima Putra Sejahtera SMEs, (ii) identify the marketing strategies of pindang fish that have been implemented by the Lima Putra Sejahtera SMEs, and (iii) to formulate alternative strategies in marketing the products of the Five Putra Sejahtera UMKM to the fullest. Sampling in this study was used as purposive sampling method. The results of this study concluded that the most influential internal factor was the good quality of pindang fish. The external factor that influences was the affordable selling value of all levels of society. The results of the QSPM analysis concluded that the priority of alternative strategies that can be applied to the Lima Putra Sejahtera UMKM was to expand the marketing network of pindang fish.


The model of the fuzzy set pair analysis way through ranking of multiple indicators is applied to establish the mathematical model in landscape ecological comprehensive assessment of urban greenland system,showing that it is a scientific and reasonable method for landscape ecology comprehensive assessment of urban greenland system.


Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is usually a benign, self-limited disease that causes that causes painful regional lymphadenopathy. Occasionally, it may present with systemic symptoms and have a prolonged course. In Hualien, several cases of suspectable CSD are usually reported in summer, especially in pediatric outpatient departments. Previously, the diagnosis of CSD has been mainly based on the histories and clinical symptoms, and strong evidence related to the histopathologic examination has been rarely provided. In this article, a case of one patient, a previously healthy boy , is described with regional painful lymphadenopathy and a significant cat-exposuer history. He received extentsive examinations and no other causes of lymphadenopathy were revealed. The result of the histopathologic examination of the involved lymph node was consistent with CSD. The patient responded promptly to ciprofloxacin treatment, and had no evidence of relapse during extensive follow-up. This is a typical CSD case report of successful treatment using ciprofloxacin in eastern Taiwan.


The RIKEN Nishina Center began construction of the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) in 1997, and succeeded in commissioning the beam of its accelerator complex at the end of 2006. The world's first superconducting ring cyclotron (SRC) is the final booster in the RIBF accelerator complex. It is capable of accelerating all-element heavy ions to a speed of about 70% of the speed of light. Assembly of the superconducting sector magnets was completed in August 2005. The superconducting coils were successfully cooled down and excited for tests on many operational aspects: magnetic force, coil protection and quality of magnetic field, showing that they work as designed. After a series of tests the other components were installed and tested under stray fields from the sector magnets. Local magnetic shields were supplied for the components that could not work under the stray fields. After setting the beam vacuum and radio frequency, beam commissioning started. The first beam was extracted at the end of 2006, and the first uranium beam was extracted in March 2007.


The overall goal of this project is to develop a robust and accurate numerical method for studying the flow of blood in arterial, pulsatile flow. The most important contribution of this work is the development of an efficient code, that is able to solve complex blood flow constitutive models. This can be a great aid in defining new rheological models more suited for pulsating Poiseuille flow in the future, coming one step closer to modelling the flow conditions in the human body. The model is meant to use in combination with a microfluidic device that acts under the same flow conditions. It can help to understand the underlying physics and to make realistic predictions for other flow parameters. Experiments with microfluidic device are needed to come up with better conditioned models and better adapted parameters for pulsating Poiseuille flow. This opens the path to a new method of researching blood rheology in a way that more closely resembles the flow conditions in the human body. The code is designed to take advantage of the mathematical form of the flow conditions and the cylindrical geometry. The result is a collocation method, where orthogonal Fourier and Chebyshev polynomials are fitted to the solutions. This makes the solution semi-analytic and introduces only an interpolation error on top of the machine error. The model was successfully validated for the calculation of Newtonian fluids, elastic solid, Maxwellian fluids and power law fluids, whilst also showing the capability to solve more complicated models including a structural parameter. The algorithm is able to reach much higher accuracies than finite difference methods whilst solving for much less unknowns, making it also faster.


The reassignment method remaps the energy of each point in a time‐frequency spectrum to a new coordinate that is closer to the actual time‐frequency location. Two applications of the reassignment method are developed in this paper. We first describe time‐frequency reassignment as a tool for spectral decomposition. The reassignment method helps to generate more clear frequency slices of layers and therefore, it facilitates the interpretation of thin layers. The second application is to seismic data de‐noising. Through thresholding in the reassigned domain rather than in the Gabor domain, random noise is more easily attenuated since seismic events are more compactly represented with a relatively larger energy than the noise. A reconstruction process that permits the recovery of seismic data from a reassigned time‐frequency spectrum is developed. Two approaches of the reassignment method are used in this paper, one of which is referred to as the trace by trace time reassignment that is mainly used for seismic spectral decomposition and another that is the f−x spatial reassignment that is mainly used for seismic de‐noising. Synthetic examples and two field data examples are used to test the proposed method. For comparison, the Gabor transform method, inversion‐based method and common f−x deconvolution method are also used in the examples.


In this thesis, the writer makes a whole study 0f the present situation 0f the research in exercise prescription so as to get a better knowledge 0f t11e hot spots and key spots 0f study in this area in China Mainland. Also,the writer points out several links of research in the field for better research in the future.


The article is aimed to give a brief review of works published by authors during at least last 10 years and devoted to the construction of solutions of systems of ordinary differential equations in a neighbourhood of a non elementary criticai point. It is assumed that those solutions have non-exponential asymptotics. The main idea of the pro posed technique is closely connected with the so-called first Lyapunov method. On the first stage one should cut the orig inai system of equations in an appropriate way, then find a particular solution of the obtained cut system and, finally, complete it up to a particular solution of the entire system by means of series. The authors show how the above scenario works for different classes of dynamical objects.


YSZ/Ni + zirconia electrolyte/electrode discs of ~2.5 cm in diameter were fabricated by a single step dip-coating process followed by sintering. NiO was used as the source of Ni. Discs were sintered in air at 1450°C. The typical electrolyte thickness was between ~10 and ~20 gm, the anode thickness was between 1 to 2 mm and the anode porosity was ~25 vol.%. Various cathodes were deposited on the YSZ electrolyte. Single cell testing was performed with humidified hydrogen as the fuel and both oxygen and air as the oxidants. All cell testing was conducted at 800°C. Power densities in excess of ~0.55 watt/cm2 at ~0.7 volts in air were measured without correction for lead wire resistance. Estimated maximum power density, corrected for lead wire resistance, is ~1 watt/cm2. was the type of oxidant used, the principal contribution to the charge transfer resistance is on the cathode side. A plot of the cell specific resistance vs. nitrogen concentration, with data points only, is linear. This seems to suggest that presence of renders three phase boundary accessible to experiments suggested that further lower charge will be developed. Subsequent work towards this objective.


The importance of gastrointestinal complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been evident since William Osier's description of gastrointestinal crises in erythema exudativum multi-forma in 1895 (46). Thirty-five to forty percent of patients with SLE develop signs or symptoms of gastrointestinal involvement during the course of their illness (6, 17, 26). Nearly 20 percent of these patients complain of abdominal pain at some point and 9.2 percent of Dubois's series of 520 patients presented with abdominal pain as their chief complaint (18). Peritonitis (8, 40, 51, 60), ulceration (36), bowel perforation (15), hemorrhage (15) and motility disturbance (6) are commonly recognized etiologies of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with SLE. While pancreatitis is not mentioned in some reviews of gastrointestinal pathology in SLE (6, 15, 18), Pollak (51) found acute necrotizing pancreatitis in 4 of 14 patients with severe abdominal crisis, 3 of whom died. Since the first reported case by Reifen-stein (52) in 1939, pancreatitis complicating SLE has been reported in 26 patients (8, 10, 11, 14, 22, 23, 25, 27, 35, 42, 44, 51, 52, 54, 61).Patients with SLE may present with gastrointestinal crises (36) including pancreatitis prior to the administration of adrenocorticosteroids. An unresolved issue remains whether SLE, independent of steroid therapy, is a cause of pancreatitis. Reports of patients with pancreatitis prior to the use of steroids (10, 52) or off steroid therapy (44) have suggested that pancreatitis may result as a manifestation of active lupus vasculitis. The importance of vascular (37, 48, 49) and immunologic (39, 64, 65) processes in the development of pancreatitis has been previously emphasized.Corticosteroid therapy per se has also been implicated as a cause of acute pancreatitis (19, 41).Lupus is the most frequent underlying disorder in adults (41) when steroids are implicated as the cause of pancreatitis. No correlation regarding duration of therapy, dosage, or specific corticosteroid preparations has been noted in patients who develop pancreatitis on steroids (11, 19, 41).In view of these unanswered questions, the experience over a 6-year period at The New York Hospital was reviewed. An analysis of 20 cases of clinical pancreatitis associated with SLE is presented in this report.


Background and aims: Critical infrastructures are the most important sectors in nation security, public safety, socioeconomic security and environment in the world. Such incidents make people, environment and industries harmed. The occurrence of accidents is common in the basic infrastructure of all countries in the world. Building industry is inherently facing many problems and ambiguities. Events' rate of construction industry and other industries in Iran is higher than other parts of the world. The aim of this research is prioritization of indicators of health and safety in the small and large construction industry. Methods: Indexes are considered as the main body of the risk management system for all areas of activity. At first, the indicators were selected by experts from a list of detailed performance indicators, Then, these indicators according to key indicators of evaluating the performance of health and safety in the construction industry were weighted and finally ranked and modeled with the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic Timeable) criteria, using fuzzy TOPSIS method. Results: The results obtained from the analysis of fuzzy-TOPSIS based on determining the priority of safety-health indicators in both small and large groups of buildings, represented a different range of the 28-fold indicators priority. Safety of adjacent structures and using of PPE in small buildings up to six floors, had the high close rate, while the noise, safety scaffolding, excavation and trucks for reasons of height and vertical spread of structures in the large and over 6 floors buildings had the important priorities. Conclusion: Prioritizing safety and health indicators based on Fuzzy TOPSIS method with SMART criteria can be applied as a method of professionals' health assessment in the engineering field.


Vascular Biology
Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) are prone to hemorrhages and nose bleeds. This is usually (but not always) because of mutant proteins in a signaling pathway that regulates blood vessel formation. Jiang et al. found that zebrafish or mice deficient in the microRNA processing enzyme Drosha had vascular defects similar to those found in HHT patients. Rare mutations in DROSHA were overrepresented in HHT patients who lacked the typical disease-associated mutations. Two of these mutants showed reduced activity and could not rescue the vascular phenotypes of Drosha-deficient zebrafish.

Sci. Signal. 10 , eaan6831 (2018).


To analyze the effect low of forward extrusion on the whisker morphology of 6061 Al matrix composite reinforced by 15 vol. % SiC whisker fabricated by squeeze casting technique, the SEM micrographs of the deformed components are presented and discussed. The results show that the forward extrusion induces the rupture and the o-riented arrangement of the SiC whisker along the direction of material plastic flow. The extrusion temperature and the extrusion ratio etc. are all important factors of the SiC whisker morphology of the final components.


We demonstrate detection of a superchannel with net bit rate in excess of 1 Tb/s with a single coherent receiver. Novel, pilot-aided equalization and carrier recovery algorithms enable detection of an 11 × 10 GBd DP-64QAM Nyquist superchannel (1.32 Tb/s gross bit rate).


Magnetic and nonmagnetic iron compounds were detected as part of asphaltene deposits formed on tubing wall surface. To shed light on the probable role of the iron compounds in the formation of such deposits, magnetite (Fe3O4), one of the intrinsic components of the iron oxide multilayer scale of any carbon steel surface, was contacted with crude oil at 170 °C, a temperature similar to that of the bottom well, and subsequently aged at room temperature. Characterization of the samples was made by using XRD, Mossbauer, IR, TGA, EDS, and microscopic (SEM and TEM) techniques. Small amounts of new iron phases, magnetic (oxidized magnetite) and nonmagnetic (iron oxyhydroxides), an increase in the content of CC and C−O bonds of the organic phase, and an increase of the thermal stability of the organic phase indicated the formation of iron complexes of Fe ions and FeOOH with the oxygen functionalities.


Why did George Washington become a rebel? In 1775 he was an apparently wealthy forty-three year old southern plantation owner when he decided to lead the fight against the representatives of the most powerful empire in the world. While many of his peers hesitated, what drove Washington to act in so provocative and precipitous a manner? In the more than two centuries since the outbreak of the American Revolution the motivation of the revolutionaries has been reviewed, revised and debated. However, Washington has largely remained outside this analysis and his motivation has been only lightly examined, limited by a tendency towards hagiography. In comparison to the Revolutionary period and his Presidential terms, Washington's pre-revolutionary years have been relatively neglected. The relative lack of analysis of his motivation is in contrast to that of other American revolutionaries (and even other Founding Fathers and Presidents). This thesis re-evaluates the motivations of the man who became a rebel. He will be located within his specific historic milieu and the context examined for insights into the development of his values and attitudes. His particular individual experiences will be reviewed to ascertain the seminal influences of his youth and the extent to which his attitudes and experiences were typical of his peers. The re-evaluation will seek to gain an understanding of the priorities of the pre-revolutionary Washington through a close examination of his attitude and actions as revealed in his diaries, correspondence and financial records. I will contend that George Washington was a complex and ambitious figure and that a commitment to patriotic ideology alone is insufficient to explain his actions and his decision to become a rebel. Rather, he was significantly motivated by self-interest and in particular by a desire to secure the title to a large quantity of western land. His passion for land was a longstanding one and his pursuit of it had been a prominent characteristic of his pre-revolutionary life, exceptional even when judged by the land-hungry standards of colonial Virginia. It was when the British government threatened Washington's land claims in the Ohio Valley that he aligned with those who opposed British rule. Joining the rebellion offered Washington his best chance to counter the British threat and secure the land. He rebelled, therefore, in large part because the continuation of British rule threatened his financial and social position. He felt he had no choice but to go to war and create a new country in which his desires could be fulfilled. Incorporating this factor into our narrative of Washington forces us to reconsider both the complexity of this leading figure in American history as well as the range of motivations that led him and others to take up the Revolutionary cause.


Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
The results were consistent with adaptive organization and organization learning being significant in facilitating business model transformation and minimizing technology disruption.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.


The article discusses the role of the mail envelope as an effective tool of marketing communications-oriented individual approach in dealing with customers.


With the conquest of Mitani by Šuppiluliuma I in ca. 1325 B.C., the kingdom of Emar (or the land of Aštata) on the middle Euphrates was incorporated into the Hitite empire. Although Šuppiluliuma assigned it to his son Piyaššili/Šari-Kušu h ̆ ,king of Carchemish, in principle the Hitites ruled it indirectly through its local dynasty. The Emar texts (ca. 1275–1175 B.C.)2) reveal one peculiar feature concerning the political structure of this kingdom, i.e., the existence of the two oficial authorities, the royal and the urban: the former was represented by the royal palace, and the later by the composite body of the city god dNIN.URTA and the city elders. This point was already recognized in the earliest phase of research on the Emar texts.3) We see frequently in the published (legal) documents that both members of the royal family and dNIN.URTA and the elders sel real estate, and that both the palace and dNIN.URTA and the city are mentioned as the recipients of fines to be paid by a claimant against the contract. Because Emar was a kingdom, though under Hitite control, the urban authority may ultimately have been under the royal authority. However, this does not mean ful subordination; rather, the former seems to have been more or less in competition with the later. In this respect, D. E. Fleming (1992) judged the kingship of Emar to be "limited," pointing out the fact that in almost al the Emar ritual texts, the king was not a central figure, but played only a limited role unlike in other states such as Ugarit.4) I also pointed out the folowing: (1) the two authorities used two diferent oficial seals; (2) there were two ways to refer to years, one of which was the eponymous type used by the urban authority; and (3) the king of Carchemish, suzerain of Emar, evaluated the two authorities equaly.5) Based on these negative and positive points, we may reasonably distinguish the urban authority from the royal authority in Emar. Taking this as a starting point, the present study investigates their diachronic relations. Their balance of power wil be examined by observing the distribution paterns of the oficial scribes (§ AL-RĀFIDĀN Vol. XXXV 2014 73


Extratropical cyclones and their associated extreme wind speeds are a major cause of vast damage and large insured losses in several European countries. Reliable seasonal predictions of severe extratropical winter cyclones and associated windstorms would thus have great social and economic benefits, especially in the insurance sector. We analyse the climatological representation and assess the seasonal prediction skill of wintertime extratropical cyclones and windstorms in three multi‐member seasonal prediction systems: ECMWF‐System3, ECMWF‐System4 and Met Office‐GloSea5, based on hindcasts over a 20‐year period (1992–2011).


This article discusses the overture of the higher education system in Brazil in light of the models of public politics applied in the contemporary society for the expansion of the higher education system in these societies. The central argument of the article states that these models, here called "Commodifi cation and Differentiation", have signifi cantly enlarged the chances of poorer segments of western societies to gain access to higher education; however, at the same time, they preserve the elitist character of universities with a tradition in research and education. This expansion politics has produced a higher education system with access stratifi ed by social class. In the Brazilian case, even though the institutional standard of differentiation has been distinguished from the European and the American, its consequences in terms of access stratifi cation have been similar to the international standard.


Detonation has received attention of late because of its role as the primary combustion mechanism in rocket and airbreathing Pulse Detonation Engines (PDEs). However, there are many unresolved issues related to the proper utilization of detonation combustion in these applications. The detonation process has been studied predominantly under the assumption of premixed gases. However, the unsteady nature of PDEs requires relatively small tunes to inject and mix the propellants prior to each cyclic detonation; and this condition is difficult to achieve experimentally. This paper addresses the injection and mixing processes, and presents new data aimed at supporting the development of practical PDEs. Results are given to illustrate the mixing characteristics of fuel-oxidizer mixtures, modeled with a CFD combustion code.


This research aims to test the effect of the application of tax e-system on the compliance of PrivatePerson Taxpayers registered with the Tax Service Office (KPP) Pratama Bandung Cicadas. Thefactors tested in this study were e-system taxation as an independent variable and taxpayercompliance as dependent variables. The research method used is quantitative method in the formof survey research with data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires. This study usesa simple random sampling method in determining the number of samples. Data collection iscarried out by field studies through questionnaires as a research tool spread to 100 Taxpayersregistered with Pratama Bandung Cicadas Tax Service Office (KPP) using ordinal scale. Theanalysis tool used is SPSS version 20. Tests performed include: descriptive statistics, classicassumptions, simple linear regression analysis, validity and reliability, determination coefficient,F test, and t test. The results showed that the implementation of the tax e-system had an effect onthe compliance of Private Person Taxpayers. T test results on regression model obtainedvariable significance value influence e-system taxation.


We address the problem of high-throughput, delay-constrained communication over a satellite-terrestrial network where terrestrial node mobility leads to intermittent links. Due to the short time-scale of link state durations, standard single-path routing protocols are disadvantaged by the delay incurred in determining that a route is unavailable and then finding a new route. Instead we focus on the approach of sending data over multiple paths simultaneously, and use random linear network coding as a distributed way of sending linearly-independent data on different paths. We present a routing and rate control protocol for coded multipath routing. This protocol specifies the fraction of offered traffic carried on each path, provides a congestion avoidance strategy to limit queueing delays in the network, and adapts quickly to time-varying connectivity. We outline our coded routing and rate-control strategy and also present simulation results from a mobile satellite-terrestrial network.


This paper proposed a fuzzy Linear Matrix Inequalities(LMI) control strategy for a rectangular thermosyphon. These thermo-fluid-dynamic systems are used to refrigerate heat sources by means of natural circulation of a fluid without mechanical pumping. Two different fuzzy LMI controllers have been designed in order to guarantee closed loop stability, on the basis of a suitable nonlinear T-S fuzzy model of the system. In particular the controllers are designed in order to prevent temperature oscillations, associated with the inversion of the flow direction, which compromise the heat removal from the thermal source. Two different strategies have been adopted to introduce suitable constraints on the control action.


PurposePrevious research has yielded mixed results on the relationship between consumer perception and purchase intention towards organic food products. Although the prior literature has widely applied planned behaviour theory, using a single theoretical approach often provides limited understanding of organic food consumption. This study builds upon consumer perception and social cognitive theories to examine the effects of perceived food healthiness and environmental consciousness on the purchase intention of organic drinking products. The current research also assesses the mediating role of consumer extrinsic motivation and moderating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) beliefs in these effects.Design/methodology/approachA survey method was applied to collect data from 606 consumers from different food retailers in Vietnam. Data were analysed using multivariate analysis techniques, such as structural equation modelling and bootstrap analysis.FindingsResults of hypothesis testing support the predictive ability of perception and social cognitive theories in explaining consumers' perceptions, motivation and behavioural intention towards organic drinking products. Furthermore, results provide evidence for the moderating effect of CSR beliefs on the relationship between consumer extrinsic motivation and purchase intention.Originality/valueThis study may be amongst the first that explains consumption of organic drinking products from the perspectives of consumer perception and social cognitive theories. It provides a unique research model that explains the influence of perceived food healthiness and environmental consciousness on purchase intention of organic drinking products with the mediating role of consumer extrinsic motivation and moderating role of CSR beliefs. The current research provides fresh insights into the consumption of organic drinking products in an emerging market based on a mediated moderation mechanism, which has been limited in the prior literature.


As a result of surveys of the industry and the literature (1960 to 1980), which are described in detail, a proposed research plan is presented that is designed to improve the reliability of boiler feed pumps, which are a key factor in power plant availability. The proposed research tasks can be divided into three major categories: studies of flow phenomena in the pump, improvement of mechanical components supporting and sealing the rotor, and utility aids designed to offer immediate help to the utilities in areas of pump specification, procurement, maintenance, and reliability. A method is presented of estimating the anticipated payback versus estimated research costs.


Objective:To observe the effects of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography(TVCDU) on the diagnosis and conservative therapy of cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP).Methods:12 cases of cesarean scar pregnancy from 2007 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.The β-HCG levels of all the patients were higher than normal.9 cases had vaginal bleeding after artificial abortion,3 cases had menolipsis without definite reasons.10 cases were treated by TVCDU-guided injection of MTX to gestational sac and oral administration of mifepristone.2 cases were treated by embolisation of uterine artery and cesarean delivery after vasography.Results:12 cases were diagnosed as cesarean scar pregnancy by TVCDU,RI0.6.After above-mentioned treatments,the blood flow in the gestational sac was decreased,RI0.6.Conclusion:TVCDU is an important method for diagnosis of CSP.Combination of TVCDU-guided intervention with oral administration of mifepristone is an important method of conservative treatment,which is advantageous to the therapy results.


Examined the BOLD signal changes in primary visual cortex as a function of luminous contrast at 1.5 T in 4 normals and 2 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease. Echo planar T2* weighted BOLD imaging experiments were performed using a 1.5 T Imager. Ten axial slices through the calcarine fissure were obtained. The imaging series consisted of alternations between a 20-second epoch of dark screen (rest) and a 20-second epoch of a flickering checkerboard (activation) repeated 6 times. Each imaging series utilized a stepwise, graded increase of eight different luminance contrast levels. A paired t-test was used to compare the control condition with each activation condition. The data shows a linear trend in the number of fMRI activated voxels within the visual cortex with increasing luminous contrast in normals and MS patients. This study demonstrates quantifiable changes in BOLD signal and a linear increase in activated voxels within the primary visual cortex with increasing luminous contrast.


Indian universities and government-funded research organizations produce world-class research that is mostly published in scientific journals. While the society gains from the increased knowledge, the university or the government receives very little direct benefit. Developed countries like the United States have been encouraging similar institutions to secure their intellectual property rights in the new technology arising out of the research in addition to merely publishing in scientific journals. The United States has a long history of supporting technical research and has gradually evolved to this model. India should learn from the experience of the United States in this regard. Premier institutions of learning and research in the United Sates provide effective models that use patents and their licensing as tools for technology transfer This paper discusses a brief history of tech transfer in the United States, followed by a discussion of the Bayh-Dole Act, which served as a catalyst for the successful tech transfer regime in effect today. Various aspects of IP ownership are discussed, followed by a relevant case study.


This paper summarises results from the initial stage of a continuing study directed at developing an earthquake design procedure for buried concrete arch structures based on site specific finite element analyses. The present and earlier studies indicate that the complex dynamic nonlinear interaction of the soil and arch during earthquake loading can be satisfactorily simplified for design purposes by using static elastic analyses incorporating equivalent secant soil moduli. However, dynamic amplification effects need to be included in the static analysis to provide acceptable accuracy in the arch section force actions. Results show that the bending moments in the arch from horizontal earthquake loading can be significant in relation to the gravity load actions. These moments are also very sensitive to the backfill and surrounding soil stiffness properties and rather less sensitive to the foundation soils beneath the arch.