Candidal vulvovaginitis causes extreme discomfort and affects the well being of women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Candida infections among women attending gynaecological clinic at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi and the antifungal susceptibility patterns of the Candida species isolated. A total of 186 high vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected from women suspected of having candidal vulvovaginitis between March and June 2009. Wet mount preparations in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and Gram-stained smears were performed directly on specimens. Cultures for Candida species were done using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) (Oxoid, UK) at room temperature (25 - 28oC). Antifungal susceptibility of the Candida species to amphotericin B, fluconazole and itraconazole was assessed using the ATB FUNGUS 3 test kits (bioMerieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France). Of the 186 HVS cultured, 39 yielded Candida species giving Candida prevalence in HVS during the study period as 21%. Candida species isolated from HVS specimens were Candida albicans (n=19, 48.7%), Candida glabrata (n=7, 17.9%), Candida tropicalis (n=4, 10.3%) and Candida dubliniensis (n=4, 10.3%). Other species isolated were Candida sake (n=2, 5.1%), Candida krusei (n=2, 5.1%) and Candida parapsilosis (n=1, 2.6%). Susceptibility of the isolates to antifungal agents ranged from 66.7% to 87.2% with MICs ranging from ≤ 0.125mg/l to 8mg/l. Amphotericin B was the best performing antifungal agents with sensitivity of 87.2%.


Provided are a control device and the like that prevents information from being reported to a user in a situation not intended by the user. The control device (1) is equipped with a motion detection unit (22), a brightness detection unit (21), and a reporting authorization determination unit (35). The reporting authorization determination unit (35) determines that the reporting of information to the user will not be allowed when the motion detection unit (22) has detected that a prescribed motion has been applied to an electronic device (100) in which the control device (1) is mounted.


Mechanical processing of nanocrystalline Y2O3 and transition alumina (AlOOH) was performed, using a Spex mixer mill under atmospheric conditions, to synthesize yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) powder at lower temperature. The reaction of nanocrystalline Y2O3 with AlOOH was activated by mechanical energy and use of fine instead of heat energy, leading to the direct formation of pure YAG without second phases at a lower temperature, 800°C, which is significantly lower than that required by the conventional solid-state reaction process.


The need to integrate economic, social and environmental dimensions of development to achieve sustainability was clearly defined in the Brundtland report back in 1987. Meanwhile, the benefits of development have not been equally distributed, while the costs transferred to the shared biocapacity have grown and continue growing. Croatia's overall average development ranks it among the most highly materially developed societies in the world, whilst its impact on the biosphere is comparatively lower than that of the similarly developed countries in the Western hemisphere. This makes Croatia comparatively well-positioned for a switch to a more sustainable development path at a comparatively lower social cost. ISSP data shows, however, that citizens of Croatia think that there are more important things to do now than worry about environmental impacts of economic development. Differences in survey responses suggest the importance of reducing social inequalities and broadening access to higher education as an integral part of a politics for sustainable development. These combined social and material preconditions are presented as part of the platform providing an impulse for a responsible and accountable government that could lead the switch to sustainable development.


Effects of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on serum lipids and body fat in rats fed high-fat diet supplemented with 10% (w/w) lard during 11-week experimental period were investigated. Ninety-six male rats were randomly divided into eight groups: A, negative control (lard 10%); B, positive control (lard 10%+rat chow+5 brix water extract); C, lard 10%+1% G. Rhizoma powder; D, lard 10%+5% G. Rhizoma powder; E, lard 10%+2 brix 50% ethanol extract; F, lard 10%+10 brix 50% ethanol extract; G, lard 10%+2 brix water extract; H, lard 10%+10 brix water extract. Body weight gain, although slightly higher in groups A, B, and G, did not differ significantly among dietary groups. Weights of liver, spleen, kidney, and testis were significantly higher among dietary groups. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were markedly higher in both control groups than group H (p


The process of implementing mathematics learning in schools often experiences obstacles, including students lacking participation in the learning process so the learning outcomes of mathematics are still low. The purpose of this study was to improve students 'mathematics learning outcomes by using Think Pair Share Cooperative Learning Models in Class VIII Waratsatul Anbiya Islamic Boarding School Solok City. The type of research carried out was PTK in two cycles. Data collection is done by learning achievement tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed an increase in learning outcomes. Improved learning outcomes in this study that is equal to 83.33% of students have completed learning at the end of the second cycle. One of the factors that led to an increase in student learning outcomes by using the Think Pair Share type of cooperative learning model is that students begin to be active and are seen to be serious about students in learning. So, it can be concluded that the application of the Think Pair Share type of cooperative learning models can improve student learning outcomes in mathematics.


Despite the importance of high-quality institutions for successful development outcomes, there is great variation in levels of institutional quality across countries. In other words, while the leaders of some countries promote the development of good government, others do not. The aim of this paper is to contribute to an increased understanding of why this is the case. In particular, we argue that the variation in institutional quality we see today can partly be understood as a consequence of whether leaders were subject to threats – in the form of coups and conflicts – during formative periods of state development. As such, we acknowledge the mechanisms offered by established and generally accepted theories emphasizing the important role played by discount rates in informing leaders' choice of development paths – as well as theories about how threats directed towards leaders influence such discount rates – but add a historical institutional perspective to this literature, further increasing our understanding of why institutional quality varies across countries. We test our theory on the case of Africa, arguing that in this context threats towards leaders during the formative period comprising the first generation of independent rule created a path dependency that is reflected in institutional quality even today.


The transmission power subsystem of the Istria region in Croatia is characterized by the disproportion between production and consumption. The excess of electric energy is expressed during low consumption night periods in spring. Another critical period is daytime during summer touristic seasons characterised by high consumption. The traditional protection system based on SCADA measurements considers N-1 criteria only, with a focus on secure energy supply to the western coast of Istria region using the load shedding scheme in the city of Pula. There are recorded cases with simultaneous outages of two power system elements and for those scenarios the simulation reveals that the N-2 criterion is not satisfied. Due to relatively weak 110 kV links (3x150 mm 2 , transmission power of 90 MVA) of the Istria region towards its surrounding network, the outage of the 220 kV double circuit transmission lines Plomin - Pehlin - Melina, which is the main supply and evacuation route, would probably lead to the blackout of the entire Istria region. The paper presents the results of the power flow analysis for different scenarios in order for the better understanding of the subsystem operation. The smart protection scheme based on the synchronized measurement technology is proposed in order to mitigate a partial or total power system blackout and to minimise the impact of disturbances to the power system operation.


Wind farm with several wind turbines, which can be connected with a parking network, which is connected via a connection point to an electrical supply network, wherein the wind park include a central control system, which depends on an actual value of an electrical quantity before or after the connection point via a first regulator a correction value for a local target value for one or identified several wind turbines, and a system controller for at least one wind turbine, which determines a local target value for a generating of the wind power plant to electric quantity dependent on an actual value of a measured in the parking network electrical quantity via a second controller wherein the system controller determines the sum of the local reference value and correction value as a total desired value for the electrical quantity to be generated of the wind turbine.


By performing a first-principles surface-embedded Green-function calculation, we study the static and quasistatic response of semi-infinite Ag(111), (001), and (110) surfaces to a uniform electric field oriented perpendicular to the surface. In addition to the linear and nonlinear induced electron densities in the static limit, we calculate the electron-hole pair excitation rate within the quasistatic approximation using a golden-rule formula. It will he shown that in spite of the large difference in layer spacing among the three surfaces, the key parameters characterizing the response depend only modestly on the crystal orientation.


A proposed amendment to an AIDS funding bill would ban Federal funding of all needle exchange programs, and AIDS organizations are urging readers to contact their congressional representatives to overturn the amendment. Several groups have prepared talking points and fact sheets to use when discussing the issue, all of which stress that needle exchange programs do not increase injection drug use and are highly effective at preventing HIV transmission. The amendment is opposed by the American Medical Association, the American Bar Association, and the U.S. Conference of Mayors. Contact information is provided for further information.


Recently intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional(2D) van der Waals materials was discovered (Huang et al 2017 Nature 546 270–3; Gong et al 2017 Nature 546 265–9; O'Hara et al 2018 Nano Lett. 18 3125–31). A monolayer of Chromiun triiodide(CrI3) is ferromagnetic while a bilayer structure was reported to be anti-ferromagnetic, moreover an external electric field changes its magnetic phase (Jiang et al 2018 Nat. Mater. 17 406–10). We have studied the two found in nature stackings of CrI3 bilayers and found that indeed the magnetic phase of one of them can be tuned by an external electric field while the other remains ferromagnetic. We simulate those results with ab initio calculations and explain them with a simple model based on a rigid shift of the bands associated with different spins. The model can be applied to similar van der Waal stacked insulating bilayer anti-ferromagnets.


The utilization of X-ray fluorescence technique for the determination of trace element concentrations in environmental and biological samples is presented. The analytical methods used include energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence with polarizing secondary targets, total reflection X-ray fluorescence, direct in-situ X-ray fluorescence, and micro-beam X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. These methods were applied to analysis of different samples including soil, water, plant material and airborne particulate matter collected on polycarbonate filters. The performance and achieved detection limits of elements for different techniques, established by measuring appropriate reference standards, are presented. Also described is the utilization of micro- beam X-ray fluorescence technique for studying element distribution in heterogeneous samples and investigating the 2D- and 3D-morphology of minute samples by means of computerized X-ray absorption and X-ray fluorescence tomography. The different X-ray techniques have their unique advantages. The micro-beam X-ray fluorescence set-up has an advantage of producing very well collimated primary X-ray beam (about 15 µm in diameter), in front of which the analyzed sample can be precisely positioned, providing local information about the sample composition. The energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence with secondary targets offers rapid analysis of broad range of elements (Na-U) combined with a simple sample preparation method. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique, characterized by the lowest detection limits of elements, has its leading edge in analysis of liquid samples, and dealing with particle size effects in air particulates collected on filter papers. In-situ X-ray fluorescence spectrometers are truly portable and enable on the spot, in field analysis. It is shown that the combination of several XRF methods allows for a better characterization of a variety of materials, e.g. solids, liquids, and minute heterogeneous samples.


The paper captures the findings of a study on employer views regarding the importance and feasibility of the implementation of circular migration policies. It is based on desk review and interviews with employers' organisations, individual employers, public employment services and ministries and agencies responsible for coordinating international migration of health-care personnel. Interviews focused on the experience in a selected number of countries (Finland, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom), which are among the destination countries for health-care professionals from the Philippines and India.


Recognising opportunities to promote change in systems that exhibit high levels of inertia is a key challenge. In developing countries struggling with historical legacies of inequality, attention must be paid to breaking down resilience in a way that will allow for desired socialecolgical transitions. In South Africa, despite stenuous efforts towards social, political and economic changes in the past two decades, severe inertia has been experienced particularly in efforts to increase access to land and water. Equitable access to ecosystem services is closely tied to such access to land and water. In order to understand systemic inertia in efforts toward change, resilience and transformability must be considered at multple scales, and through multiple perspectives and narratives of systems. Based on a combination of indepth family histories, archival research, key informant interviews and household surveys, this research explores the ways in which access to land and water over time has influenced current levels of human well-being for previously disenfranchised families in the Lower Sundays River Valley, South Africa. The case study was selected because it displays chronic inertia and resistence to change, to the extent that communities have mobilised to force the state to deal with their claims for land. Plausible and desirable pathways out of the current situation, and that support more equitable access to ecosystem services, were identified together with community and government participants. The case study offers both methodological insights into participatory research aimed at understanding the historical roots of current inertia to change in developing countries, and theoretical insights into the sources of innovation that support transformation from a community perspective.


The utility model relates to the field of automobile clutch, and particularly relates to a clutch driven plate splined hub. The clutch driven plate splined hub comprises a splined hub body and a splined hole in the splined hub body, wherein an internal spline is arranged on the splined hole, and the internal spline is used for being matched with a transmission input shaft; an end cover is arranged at the first end of the splined hole; the clutch driven plate splined hub prevents dust and other impurities from entering the matching part of the internal spline and the transmission input shaft, so as to avoid influence on torsion transfer; and the utility model also provides a clutch drive plate and a clutch.


We introduce a new way of specifying graphs: through languages, i.e., sets of strings. The strings of a given (finite, prefix-free) language represent the vertices of the graph; whether or not there is an edge between the vertices represented by two strings is determined by the pair of symbols at the first position in these strings where they differ. With this new, "positional" or lexicographic, method, classical and well-understood ways of specifying languages can now be used to specify graphs, in a compact way; thus, (small) finite automata can be used to specify (large) graphs. Since (prefix-free) languages can be viewed as trees, our method generalizes the hierarchical specification of particular types of graphs such as cographs and VSP graphs. Our main results demonstrate an intrinsic relationship between the fundamental operations of language concatenation and graph substitution.


The S = 1/2 Kitaev honeycomb model has attracted significant attention as an exactly solvable example with a quantum spin liquid ground state. In an properly oriented external magnetic field, the system exhibits chiral Majorana edge modes with an associated quantized thermal Hall conductance, and a distinct spin-disordered phase emerges at intermediate field strengths, below the polarized phase. However, since material realizations of Kitaev magnetism invariably display competing exchange interactions, the stability of these exotic phases with respect to additional couplings is a key issue. Here, we report a 24-site exact diagonalization study of the Heisenberg-Kitaev model in a magnetic field applied in the [001] and [111] directions. By mapping the full phase diagram of the model and contrasting the results to recent nonlinear spin-wave calculations, we show that both methods agree well, thus establishing that quantum corrections substantially modify the classical phase diagram. Furthermore, we find that, in a [111] field, the intermediate-field spin-disordered phase is remarkably stable to Heisenberg interactions and may potentially end in a novel quantum tricritical point.


A 78-year-old man was admitted to the hospital after an episode of unexplained syncope. Cardiac MRI was consistent with a diagnosis of balanced, uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot.


The influence of basic processing parameters on the deposition of a-CN_x was studied.The results show that the increase of N flux enhances the deposition rate of the film as well asincreases its N content. While higher sputtering power leads to higher deposition rate. Further-more, the employment of bias will prove to be beneficial in the preparation of CN_x film in thatit not only facilitates the densification process and produces a smoother surface morphology, butalso increases the content of N in the film.


This paper focuses on designing controller that is robust to parameter variations occurring in a flow process. Quantitative Feedback Theory is a controller design technique of obtaining the parameters of the PI controller that promotes robustness in the specified performance despite variations in the plant parameters. At a given frequency, the magnitude and phase of the open loop gain and phase curve are obtained and solving the resulting equations gives us the parameters of the controller. The proposed controller is tested on a real time flow process and validated.


The robustness of myo-electric prosthesis usage is largely influenced by user performance, where psychological factors (i.e. cognitive-skills, motor-skills and psychological status - such as motivation, will, and stress) play a prominent role. These factors become more important the more degrees of freedom (DOF) a multifunctional prosthesis provides. Despite the large amount of research efforts during the past decades on developing robust control and feedback methods, there has been limited attention on the importance of the aforementioned human factors on the usability of the prosthesis. Psychometric measures are necessary to get a better view on user-ability in prosthesis control. To achieve this aim, the work presented herein applies Item-Response Theory (IRT), which is a psychometric instrument that has been well established for testing human abilities, to introduce a novel score of user performance. This score can be utilized to judge the user's performance at different stages of training, which means measuring improvement or deterioration in movement muscle control according to training activities. As pattern recognition is the control method of choice, classification-rate is taken as second information on the discrimination and repeatability of the recorded movement related EMG patterns. It is used to update the IRT score by taking the joint probability, which combines both measures to determine then the user performance score in a more meaningful way. The score was calibrated on well-trained, able-bodied subjects, who act as a "gold" standard when their movement error was below a certain threshold. Then four amputees with different training experience were selected and it was verified that the score could distinguish between them.


In this paper, the effectiveness of the fuzzy sliding mode control strategy on three‐dimensional benchmark building with smart base isolation under seismic excitation has been examined. One of the appropriate control theories for such this nonlinear system is the sliding mode control theory; discontinuous sliding mode theory has weakness such as chattering phenomena. In this paper, we used a combination of fuzzy logic and sliding mode theory for the deletion of this defect. The proposed control theory has been scrutinized by applying on lately developed nonlinear three‐dimensional base‐isolated benchmark building. This building because of the three‐dimensional nature, coalescing of lateral and torsional responses, continuity of responses of the superstructure, and base is modeled with three degrees of freedom on every floor. In this building eight actuators assigned only at the base level and in the two directions (x, y). In other words, 16 actuators are located underneath the structure. Furthermore, the base isolation system has been modeled by considering lateral coupled equations for a better examination of the performance of the system. The results indicate that reduction of control performance is remarkable. Also, utilizing proposed control theory can decrease the responses of building in two main directions and, particularly, in the rotational degree of freedom.


Introduction and objectives Outcomes for patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) undergoing surgical lung biopsy are well described, with mortality associated with respiratory failure and acute exacerbation of ILD.1 However, limited data exist for outcomes of thoracic surgery for other indications, particularly resection of co-existent lung cancer. Surgery may be avoided in patients with a known ILD, however, we have observed a number of cases of acute interstitial pneumonitis in patients without a pre-existing diagnosis of ILD, but in whom ILD was present on initial CT. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing surgical resection of either a lung cancer primary or metastatecomy who were discussed at the lung cancer MDT at our site between January and July 2018. Initial CT was examined for an ILD and all surgical resections were re-examined for histological features of ILD. Results n=56 patients underwent surgery following MDT discussion. 5 (9%) had radiological evidence of an ILD, and all were UIP on histological examination. Of these patients, 1 (20%) died within 30 days of their operation, and 1 (20%) within 90 days. Both deaths were due to respiratory failure secondary to acute interstitial pneumonitis. There were no deaths within 90 days in the non-ILD group (p<0.01). 4 of 5 (80%) ILD patients required ITU admission compared with 4 of 51 (8%) non-ILD patients (p). Mean length of stay in the ILD group was 21.6 compared with 8.4 days for patients without ILD (p<0.01). Discussion Our data highlight increased mortality, ITU admission and length of stay in patients undergoing surgical resection for lung cancer when a previously undiagnosed ILD is present on their diagnostic scan. Further work is required to understand the mechanism behind this, and potential strategies (eg. perioperative steroids) to mitigate this effect. A multidisciplinary approach is required to the treatment of these patients, especially when considering the requirement to perform surgical resection within the time constraints of the lung cancer pathway. Reference Lettieri CJ, et al. Outcomes and safety of surgical lung biopsy for interstitial lung disease. Chest2005;127(5):1600–5.


Private Equity Investors' rights which materially influence their earnings from investment and their exit include dividends preference,pre-emptive right of first refusal,pre-emptive right of first offer,protective provisions,anti-dilution,liquidation preference,tag-along right,dag-along right,information and observer right.Three special rights of the private equity investors are discussed and analyzed,namely,the pre-emptive right of first offer,liquidation preference,and dag-along right.


The use of fibrous plants in the production of utilitarian objects as well as the cooking of agave on special cooking ranges called fogones, a type of semi-subterranean oven, were two important strategies of the indigenous groups of the region. Adding transformations, yet keeping the same general processes, during the colonial period and until the first half of the XX century, the inhabitants of the north-western Nuevo Leon continued using fibrous plants as prime mater of artifacts, and elements similar to fogones, for the production of alcoholic beverages based on agave, integrating the main industries that sustained mainly populations with few resources in these far away territories.


At various points of time during the twentieth century, perceptions of Wales and the movement for the preservation of the Welsh language significantly influenced language activism in Ireland. One clear example of this was in the transformation of the Conradh na Gaeilge (sometimes called the 'Gaelic League' in English) from a conservative organisation closely associated with the Irish government, into a protest movement in the 1960s and 1970s. The precedent set by Welsh nationalist Saunders Lewis, and the civil disobedience group Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (the 'Welsh Language Society') convinced a new generation of Irish-language advocates that protests and political agitation had the potential to benefit the Irish-speaking community. This article traces this development through the roles played by writer Mairtin O Cadhain, civil disobedience group Misneach, the Craobh na Casca branch of Conradh na Gaeilge, as well as other members of this pre-eminent Irish-language organisation.


Many kinds of carbonate aggregates with different chemical compositions,structures,geological characteristics have been studied systematically, and the Kingston aggregate was also worked as a standard one. This research deals with chemical components and mineral analysis, petrographic examination, the dynamics of alkali carbonate reaction with different particle sizes, negating to affection of coarse crystal thermo expansion. A new method for evaluating the potential ACR has been proposed according to the results, in which the major test factors include 1.5% Na 2O eq. of alkali content, 1 mol/L NaOH solution, w/c =0.3, 5~10 mm particle size and 14 d of test period at 80 ℃.


The results of pre- and post-operative eleotrooardiographic, veotorcardiographio and hemodynamio data of 88 cases of uncomplicated atrial septal defects were analyzed, and compared with those of pulmonary stenosis and mitral stenosis. The ECG was abnormal in 96.9% of cases of atrial septal defects, among them 79.6% showed RSR' pattern in V1.It was considered that in the majority of cases of atrial septal defects the appearance of RSR' in V1 was mainly due to the hypertrophy of the outflow tract of right ventricle, and in some cases it might be combined with right bundle branch block, while in few cases it represented right bundle branch block only. As the work load of right ventricle was increasing, the free wall of right ventricle became hypertrophyed, the QRS wave in V1 changed from rsR' into rR' or R pattern. After studying the correlation between QRS wave pattern in V1 with the hemodynamio data, as well as the ECG and VCG sequential changes before and after operation, it was suggested that the ECG changes during the development of right ventricular hypertrophy may be rS-rSr'-rsR'-rR'-RorqR, while the reverse is true during the regression of right ventricular hypertrophy after operation. RsR' in V1 is representing the stage of right ventricular hypertrophy when the right ventricular pressure is normal or moderately elevated, the shunt is median sized, and the work of right ventricle is slightly increased. The frontal QRS loop or the frontal mean QRS axis is useful in the differential diagnosis of ostium primum defects from ostium secondum defects, in the former instance the mean QRS axis is usually deviated to the left.


The contamination of different fish species by polycyclic musks [Galaxolide® (HHCB), Tonalide® (AHTN), Celestolide® (ADBI), Phantolide® (AHMI), and Traesolide® (ATII)] within the framework of an exposure monitoring programme are reported. A total of 341 fish samples were taken from three waterways in Berlin known to be contaminated to different extents with sewage. The mean levels of musk fragrance compounds reported on a whole weight basis in fish samples were as follows for the most common polycyclic compound, HHCB, in samples (taken from edible parts) of eel caught in waters strongly polluted with sewage levels were 1513 μg/kg (6471 μg/kg lipid) (AHTN: 726 μg/kg and from slightly polluted waters 52 μg/kg (445 μg/kg lipid) (AHTN: only one value above the detection limit). Median concentrations in fish samples were: perch 200 μg/kg (33.3mg/kg lipid) common bream 1571 μg/kg (90.1mg/kg lipid), roach 168 μg/kg (13.0mg/kg lipid), pike 366 and 370 μg/kg (66.5 and 61.7mg/kg lipid) and for pike perch 190 μg/kg (47.3mg/kg lipid). ADBI, AHMI and ATII could be determined only in low concentrations (< 107% of the total contents of polycyclics in eel). Clear concentration differences were seen between fish samples from waters contaminated at different levels within the programme of biomonitoring. This demonstrated that polycyclic musks are a very good indicator of the level of contamination of a waterway with sewage. Human exposure to these musk fragrances from consumption of contaminated fish was estimated to be low in comparison to direct dermal absorption from the use of fragrance products.


When the binding agents are used in high temperature, the workers suffer from poisoning of cyanogen at times. So the authors investigated the relation between the temperature and the amount of hydrogen cyanide in the thermal degradation products of binding agents. As the authors assumed that the component of nitrogen in hydrogen cyanide produced originated from nitrogen in the binding agents, thermal degradation of the groups of the binding agents which contain nitrogen was studied. Binding agents tested in this experiment were four agents of nitril rubber type, three of urea resin type, three of isocyanate type, two of cyanoacrylate type, one of melamine type, two of polyamide type, and one of polyurethane type. The amounts of hydrogen cyanide produced were determined with the prussian


In this paper, methods of fouling prevention and cleaning of the molds from vulcanized rubber residues are presented. The surface free energy of mold surfaces has been measured and the mold release agents were compared by measuring the force needed for the release of the form. The efficiency of sodium hydroxide solvent currently used for mold cleaning in industrial practice is compared with an acid-based solvent. The effect of the acid on the mold surface is monitored as well. The relative mass loss and the change in the surface roughness parameters Sa and Sz were evaluated during the corrosion testing in the acid at various temperatures. The mold wear during a year of use in the company, and a year of continuous acid exposure was then extrapolated for steel and stainless-steel molds. Nitric acid was significantly more effective than NaOH in dissolving rubber with full dissolution occurring after 3 h at 80°C when stirred, losing 33 % of its initial mass, while NaOH lost only 0.3 % after 24 h. Stainless steel proved very resistant to acid corrosion at 50°C with a calculated loss of 0.003 cm of thickness per year of submersion, while 1.7131 steel would lose 0.264 cm of thickness.


Modern biology is marked by the availability of enormous quantities of raw data. Advances in computer capacity and internet bandwidth mean that much of this information is now stored online, and most such data repositories are also open access. Together, these factors have opened up a goldmine of data to anyone with an internet connection. One of the greatest strengths of the available resources is their diversity; freely-accessible repositories exist, for example, for gene sequence, mRNA expression, protein binding, imaging, and text mining results. Standardized annotation schemes have also improved compatibility across different fields. The ability to obtain a wealth of information for any gene and its molecular interactions now enables a whole new realm of analysis beyond that originally envisaged by the individual contributors.

In fact, so much untapped data exists that primary research can now conceivably be carried out purely in silico. Because this approach to science utilizes data already available in the public domain and requires only a laptop connected to the internet, analyses are not subject to the constraints of a traditional "bricks-and-mortar" laboratory. Collaborating scientists may be located anywhere in the world, they have no need to invest in further data generation, and may be largely independent of their local funding environment. These factors thus open up access to the science to a wider research community than ever before.

Despite the wealth of public data, often accessible through user-friendly portals, there is still a "missing link" between data and discovery. Few researchers are aware of the resources or how to use them effectively. Thus, the bottleneck has shifted from the generation of raw data to the development of effective ways to explore, mine, and integrate existing information.

In September 2013, a 1-week workshop was held to introduce researchers and students to the use of such online resources (visit https://sites.google.com/site/neuroinformaticsjamboree/ for details and a list of resource links). Participants were shown how key resources can be exploited as either supporting data for existing projects or for hypothesis generation to kick-start new directions in their research (see the associated Workshop Report, Heimel et al., 2014). As an extension of this workshop, an experiment in collaborative science was undertaken, in which researchers were invited to investigate workflows with which online resources could be mined to yield new hypotheses.

The manuscripts resulting from this experiment, and presented in this Research Topic, show that online data resources in the hands of energetic investigators can yield interesting and relevant results in very short order. Drafts of these papers were all produced from scratch in 1 week and following significant work over the following year, all groups successfully converted their drafts into peer-reviewed publications. The six resulting manuscripts present a varied range of insights into the genetics of brain function and disease.

Vied and colleagues have undertaken a novel in silico investigation of neocortical development utilizing the Allen Institute's Developing Mouse Brain Atlas and the BrainSpan Atlas of the Developing Human Brain. Based on correlating in situ expression profiles, they propose a number of candidate genes with expected roles in embryonic development of the neocortex (Vied et al., 2014). Lotan and colleagues have integrated catalogs of genes associated with psychiatric disorders to search for common processes. They show that many genes associated with multiple disorders are localized to the postsynaptic density (Lotan et al., 2014). Pietrzykowski and Spijker investigated another aspect of neuropsychiatric disorders, impulsivity, by searching the GeneNetwork database for behavior and expression correlates to identify several microRNAs with putative roles in the regulation of impulse control (Pietrzykowski and Spijker, 2014). Capurro and colleagues used a novel approach to investigate genes involved in movement disorders. They employed computational deconvolution of gene expression data from the brains of Huntington and Parkinson patients to identify genes and pathways with altered expression in these disorders (Capurro et al., 2014). To explore gene regulation in autism, van de Lagemaat and colleagues studied transcriptional changes in synaptic transmission pathways. Using gene lists curated from the literature and published databases, they discovered an age-dependent imbalance in expression of genes associated with excitatory and inhibitory synapses (van de Lagemaat et al., 2014). Ashbrook and colleagues searched for novel genes associated with adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Defining a list of genes correlating with nestin, an established precursor cell marker, and highly expressed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, they identified potential novel genes associated with the proliferating precursor cell population (Ashbrook et al., 2014).

The wide sample of web-based data sets and tools used in these studies is certainly not an exhaustive list, and many more resources exist—most of which are freely accessible. While the body of public data is dominated by large-scale initiatives, even more data are potentially available as part of smaller projects—although accessibility is still dependent on improving data-sharing standards (Ferguson et al., 2014; Sejnowski et al., 2014). We feel it is important that the studies presented in this Research Topic relied solely on existing public data. This fact demonstrates that the utility of such data sets does not need to end with initial publication—as has traditionally been the case in the past.

With six solid contributions to the literature, we feel that the experiment has been a success. We hope that this project will inspire other researchers to take advantage of the online resources available to them to inspire and complement their experimental work.


The backlight assembly according to the invention, disposed in parallel under the display screen, the divided into a first group and a second group, belonging to the first group arranged toward a first direction, opposite the first direction and the second group of the plurality of linear light sources belonging to the array toward the second direction, and the drive substrate of claim 1 for driving the linear light sources belonging to the first group, the first to drive the linear light sources belonging to the second group a second inverter including a substrate, and the first and second inverters for the substrate is characterized in that disposed on the above, and the opposite sides of the one side of the linear light source. The backlight assembly


The information of wind speed and direction is important in the measure ment of weather condition.MEMS-based solid state wind speed and direction sensor has advantages of small size,light weight and low cost.Two kinds of sensors were designed: silicon membrane wind speed and direction sensor,and silicon cantilever wind speed and direction sensor.The designed sensors were simulated and analyzed based on fluid mechanics principle in ANSYS CFD software.The figures of the relations between wind speed and deflection,wind speed and stress were obtained through the simulation.The output signal of the designed sensors were detected using Wheatstone bridge,and the information of wind direction was measured using single sensor secondary perpendicular encapsulation.


The global financial crisis triggered by the US subprime mortgage crisis in 2008 has caused serious impact on the financial system around the world, which also aggravated the banking system. Since the banking industry is the core element of financial system, various scholars and relevant regulatory authorities have paid attention to the stability of the banking system. Unlike the traditional qualitative research, many scholars have adopted the method of computational finance based on the complex network theory to explore the banking system in recent years. Therefore, this paper has carried out a literature review of the stability of banking system under different network structures. It presents the analysis of model and results so as to have a clear understanding on the topic.


We have conducted a series of experiments with the polarized proton beam of the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS) at Argonne National Laboratory in order to: 1) Study the feasibility of adiabatically crossing intrinsic depolarizing resonances as an alternative to the fast tune-shift crossing presently used, 2) determine the amount of depolarization due to imperfection resonances which may bc more important in alternating-gradient machines than in the ZGS, 3) determine whether polarized protons can be stored for times long enough to allow polarized colliding beam experiments. The results of these experiments will be presented. Adiabatic Crossinq of an Intrinsic Resonance The purpose of this test was to determine whether the bemn polarization would simply change sign without changing its magnitude when a very strong depolarizing resonance was crossed slowly enoyh3 This was predicted by sane theoretical models. - Such a spin flip'could provide a relatively simple technique2 for crossing the strong depolarizing resonances in strong focussing accelerators. This would be much easier than the quadrupole produced tune shift technique used in the weak focussing ZGS, where these resonances are not so strong. Since all models use simplifying assLnr@ions,


A genetic algorithm (GA)-based method for the least-cost design of looped pipe networks for various levels of redundancy is presented in this paper. Redundancy constraints are introduced in the optimization model by considering the number of pipes assumed to be out of service at any one time. Using this approach, trade-off relationships between cost and redundancy are developed. The GA-based approach is computationally intensive, and implementations on a custom fault-tolerant distributed computing framework, called Vitri, are used to satisfy the computational requirements. The design methodology is applied to two water distribution networks of different sizes, and a comparison of the performance of the distributed GAs for the design problems is also presented. We conclude that a GA-based approach to obtaining cost-effective, redundant solutions for the least-cost design of looped pipe networks can be effectively used on a heterogeneous network of nondedicated workstations.


The coupling technology of super-luminescent laser diode (SLD) to single mode panda-type polarization maintained optical fiber was investigated using Gaussian mode approximation and mode field matching.The relation between coupling efficiency and mode field stimulated by SLD,fiber structures,shape of fiber butt and coupling operation parameters was analyzed.A high coupling efficiency was obtained by developing coupled technology.


For the recovery and conservation of endangered species such as the southern water vole Arvicola sapidus, it is important to understand the effects of predation on their populations.
The impact of a predator on a prey species depends on the dynamics and structure of their populations, the abundance of both species and their relationships with other species. When considering broad geographic areas, the analysis of the trophic dimension can provide an estimate of the effect of predatory pressure on the prey.
To determine the potential impact of predators on the southern water vole, we used information provided in 74 studies concerning the diet of predators in the geographical range of the prey species. The trophic spectrum was determined based on faeces, stomach contents or pellets in which the arvicoline was present.
Based on the percentage of biomass consumed in each of nine trophic categories, the potential impact posed by predators was linked with dietary profile, trophic diversity, intensity of southern water vole consumption and availability of preferred prey.
In the localities studied, southern water voles are not the preferred prey of any of the predators we considered, but represent an alternative prey for some of them, especially when their main prey species are scarce. The predators with the greatest potential impact on southern water vole populations are Lutra lutra and Ardea cinerea; those with a moderate impact are some mesocarnivores (Felis silvestris, Genetta genetta, Neovison vison, Vulpes vulpes and Martes foina), a bird frequenting aquatic environments (Ciconia ciconia), and the raptors Aquila fasciatus and Hieraaetus pennatus.
The results obtained may be useful in the planning of measures for the conservation of the southern water vole, such as translocations or reintroductions, and in the design of strategies to reduce predatory pressure with the aim of promoting the success of these programmes.


Abstract : The performance characteristics of a hydrodynamic propulsor are determined, to a large extent, by complex three-dimensional viscous flow in the blade rows. The ability to compute the complex flow field for use in the design and analysis of performance of a propulsor would be a valuable tool for improving performance. This research addressed computation of the steady flow field in shrouded propulsor blade rows. A prime consideration in the choice of a computation procedure is the multiplicity of length scales in the shrouded propulsor flow field that need to be adequately resolved. The differing dominant flow mechanisms at the hub and tip of the blade, blade boundary layers, and a core inviscid flow characterize the multiple length scales. The approach pursued under the present contract was to study the flow field in the tip and hub regions of the blade in separate tractable computations (zonal approach). Keywords: Propeller blades; Shrouded propellers.


The algorithm presented, SWNP, performs gradient descent on the weight space of an ANN, using a finite difference to approximate the gradient. The method is novel in that it achieves computational complexity similar to that of Node Perturbation but does not require access to the activity of hidden or internal neurons. The algorithm is also similar to Weight Perturbation in that it is optimal in terms of hardware requirements when used for the training of VLSI implementations of ANN's. Results are presented that show the algorithm in operation on floating point simulations, limited precision simulations and an actual hardware implementation of an ANN. References Jabri, M. and Flower, B. (1992). Weight perturbation: An optimal architecture and learning technique for analog vlsi feedforward and recurrent multilayer networks.


This paper investigates the uplink coordinated multiple point (CoMP) reception with quantize-and-forward (QF) relaying. In this relaying system, two relay nodes directly quantize the received symbols to integer numbers based on modulo-lattice and parallelly forward these numbers to the destination via optical fiber. In order to reduce the traffic load of optical fiber without sacrificing CoMP gain, we propose an optimization strategy from the viewpoint of mutual information which adaptively controls the quantization level at the relay nodes. We have demonstrated that the proposed optimization is capable of helping the system achieve high throughput and low traffic load of optical fiber at the same time by computer simulations.


Natural conditions and their changes in the late Boreal – early Atlantic period (from ∼8200 to 7700 cal. yr BP) of the Holocene in the Tobol-Ishim interfluve are analyzed based on palynological and zoological materials obtained from archaeological and natural sections and bottom sediments, as well as on the analysis of the hypsographic position of settlements situated on the shores of Lake Mergen (Ishim District of Tyumen Region) where plane-bottomed and round-bottomed Early Neolithic dishes were found. According to author's reconstruction, the climatic indicators and hydrological regime of Lake Mergen during that part of the Holocene were unstable. The altitude of ancient settlements, the proportion of steppe and forest flora and fauna changed. There were fluctuations in average annual temperatures and the amount of precipitations. The same territory was inhabited by both "local" species and mammals and birds whose habitats fell outside of the region. An Irish Elk (Megaloceros giganteus) of the Pleistocene era was found in the area under consideration. In the late Boreal period, when the water level in the lake was high, people built settlements on floodplain terraces. When the flooding diminished and the seasonal floods ceased, people began to settle on floodplains near the water. Two episodes of aridization can be singled out based on geochemical indicators of bottom sediments of Lake Kyrtyma. One episode was long and had a peak about 6200 cal. yr BP (optimum), another one occurred in the middle of the Sub-Boreal period and was shorter. The informational capacity of geochemical data, as well as that of spore/pollen indicators, is low (at least 100 years) and doesn't reflect short-term paleoclimatic events. The whole spectrum of data should be applied in order to reflect such events. In particular, hypsometric characteristics of ancient settlements are of great importance, because people react to changes in the hydrological regime faster than the flora and fauna do.


When someone is standing in front of a presentation screen, the contrast between the projector light and the indoor illumination is, as a rule, too great. This causes frequent contraction of the pupils of a person's eyes and thereby great discomfort. In this paper we use the image processing method to reduce the light intensity towards a person's face to the approximate level of the indoor illumination, thus reducing the pupil contraction frequency. Our design proposes three methods by using both the current computer vision technology-motion detection and face detection. Motion detection tracks the person's location and infers the head position. Face detection, by using a combination of the two methods, tracks the location and speeds up the face examination process. These three methods all use a black oval mask to cover the face so that the eyes can avoid any dazzling light.


Epileptic Seizure is an abnormal neuronal exertion in the brain, affecting nearly 70 million of the world's population (Ngugi et al., 2010). So many open-source neuroimaging tools are used for metabolism checkups and analysis purposes. The scope of open-source tools like MATLAB, Slicer 3D, Brain Suite21a, SPM, and MedCalc are explained in this paper. MATLAB was used by 60% of the researchers for their image processing and 10% of them use their proprietary software. More than 30% of the researchers use other open-source software tools with their processing techniques for the study of magnetic resonance seizure images


The invention relates to a strip mine foundation pit production method. A stope is divided into a plurality of production areas distributed spirally from the center of the stope to the outer side, the boundary of each area except a foundation pit is composed of an outer side boundary body and an inner side boundary body, and the inner side boundary body of each back area and the outer side boundary body of the corresponding front area are partially overlapped; production is conducted on all the areas spirally from inside to outside, after the striping work in a certain area is completed, the corresponding boundary overlapping part is turned into the next adjacent area to conduct stripping work, and at the moment, production work is conducted in a certain area, and work is conducted in two and only the two areas in the stope. Production work and stripping work are independent, capital construction investment is reduced, and the stripping to production rate during production is balanced.


The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early protein ICP27 is an RNA-binding protein that performs multiple functions required for the expression of HSV-1 genes during a productive infection. One essential function involves shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Some of the domains identified in ICP27 include a leucine-rich nuclear export sequence (NES), a nuclear localization signal, three KH-like RNA-binding domains, and an RGG-box type RNA-binding motif. To study the contribution of two of the essential domains in ICP27 to HSV gene expression, we generated recombinant herpesviruses carrying deleterious mutations in the NES and KH domains of ICP27. To accomplish this, we fused the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to ICP27 and utilized fluorescence as a marker to isolate recombinant herpesviruses. Fusion of GFP to wild-type ICP27 did not disturb its localization or function or significantly reduce virus yield. Analysis of HSV gene expression in cells infected with a recombinant virus carrying a point mutation in the first KH-like RNA-binding domain revealed that nuclear export of ICP27 was not blocked, and the expression of only a subset of ICP27-dependent late genes was affected. These findings suggest that individual KH-like RNA-binding motifs in ICP27 may be involved in binding distinct RNAs. Analysis of recombinant viruses carrying a lethal mutation in the NES of ICP27 was not accomplished because this mutation results in a strong dominant-negative phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that supplemented with 500 m g of G418 (Geneticin; Gibco BRL) per ml. The strain of wild-type HSV-1 used in this study was KOS 1.1A. The trans-placement vector, vBS D 27, contains a lacZ gene fragment in place of the se- quences encoding ICP27 and was described previously (50). vBSLG4 the ts HSV-1 mutant, (R480H), was described previously (12, 42, 50). The viruses vBSGFP27, vBSECS, and vBStsECS were generated from vBS D 27 by marker rescue for growth on Vero cells using a Bam HI-linearized fragment containing the a 27 allele from plasmids pBS7GFP27, pBSDD32AA, or pBSDD/ LG4, as previously described (50). The HSV-1 mutant virus vBSGFPKH1 car- rying a mutation in the KH1 domain was also generated by marker rescue using a Bam HI-linearized fragment containing the a 27 allele from plasmid pB- SGFP303 but was isolated on 2-2 cells using the fluorescence of GFP as a marker for replicating virus. Unsuccessful attempts to isolate HSV-1 mutant viruses carrying a lethal mutation in the NES, vBSGFPNES, were performed as for vBSGFPKH1 using the linearized plasmid pBSGFPnes. All recombinant viruses were plaque purified three times.


The paper reports some improvement research on the louver controller of integral mechanic-electrical oil burner, put forward a economic type of louver controller.


Abstract : Cell-mediated immunity represents one of the chief natural defense mechanisms against tumors. Cytolytic T-cells have two principal mechanisms for killing neoplastic cells: (a) secretion of perforins and granzymes and (b) expression of the cytotoxic cytokine Fas-ligand, also known as APO-1 and CD95, is a member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) receptor family. Fas is widely expressed on the surface of various types of cells in the body and provides a conduit through which Cytolytic T-cells (CTLs) and Natural Killer (NK) cells can trigger apoptosis of the tumor target cells. The ability of Fas to mediated cell death in human tumors however varies widely, and is unrelated to the relative levels of surface expression of this receptor protein. Using the cytosolic domain of Fas as a bait for yeast two-hybrid screening of cDNA libraries, 2 cDNA clones were obtained from a screen of over 10 million clones which encoded proteins that specifically bound to Fas.


A MOS buried logic technique using buried JFET loads with a gate delay of 0.34ns and a power delay product of 0.17pJ will be reported. Development has been applied to a 4-stage binary counter operating with a maximum toggle of 72.4MHz.


* Introduction to technical architecture * Chaos and control * Business strategy--the foundation for the technical architecture * TOGAF and the architectural development method * Initiation and framework * Baseline description * Architectural views * Target architecture--Baseline description in TOGAF format * Super services * Target architecture--Selecting service portfolios * Target architecture--Architectural definition * Opportunities, solutions, and migration planning Implementation and maintenance * A case for change * Appendix Bibliography * Index


The purpose of this study is to prevent and review counter-action for the sexual harassment in campus by revealing current state of sexual harassment in campus relatively weak in sexual discrimination with regard to sexual harassment emerged as social problem serious in our nation. The targets of study were students and assistants in three schools located at KwangjuㆍChonnam area, a questionnaire made by pre-researcher was applied to student vs. assistant with regard to sexual consciousness and recognition, and current state of sexual harassment, with analysis of material processed through statistical analysis using SPSSWIN 10.0 for verification of χ² for identification of difference vs. family and student vs. assistant. The result of this research with regard to sexual harassment is under following: Firstly, the recognition of concept of sexual harassment was proved to be aware of be more than half a responders above average, lack of recognition showed significant number requiring establishment of concept of sexual harassment, the responders stated that they could do it alone should be treated in the counseling room in school. Secondly, 28.7% of students and assistants answered that they have suffered from sexual harassment now and before, even a great number of males have experienced such sexual harassment. In case of female assistants, more than half of them suffered from sexual harassment suggesting us significant level of sexual harassment to female assistants. A depth of sexual harassment to assistants should be investigated in a further way by preparing for and establishing concrete preventive actions and researches, mostly suffered by males; In this respect, a preventive training of sexual harassment should be deemed to be provided to males. Thirdly, as a result of investigation of sex education and preventive action against sexual harassment in college, most of elementary, junior, junior high school hardly provide no or inefficient sexual harassment, and they responded that the campus needs its education. As a way to educate campus with sexual harassment efficiently, a special lecture or regular class might be designed for systematic education or sexual harassment through schools counseling room might be effective emphasizing upon role of the room according to opinions of responders. The college is required to install such offices or centers as can exclusively manage and take charge of sex education program operation, legal system of anti-sexual harassment, or personnel arrangement for such activities in school by reflecting such result into school for appropriate and efficient education of or counseling to sex.


Pulsed force mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to study the morphology of three segmented polyurethane elastomers. High-contrast images are presented, showing their phase-separated structure on a scale of several tens of nanometers to a few hundred nanometers. The adhesion-dependent pull-off force signal is found to be far more sensitive to local variations in mechanical properties than the stiffness-dependent indentation force signal. An insight into the size, shape, and distribution of phases can be obtained from images constructed from spatial variations in surface adhesion properties. Comparison of images obtained both above and below the Tg of the soft-segment material allows the spatial distribution of different phases to be characterized and the effects of surface topography to be decoupled from real changes in localized mechanical properties. Typical domain sizes are found to be at least an order of magnitude larger than those obtained by small-angle X-ray scattering and AFM in prev...


Abstract This article analyses frame transition of personal information leakage in Korea from 1984 to 2014. In order to investigate the transition, we have collected newspaper article's titles. This study adopts classification, text network analysis(by co-occurrence symmetric matrix), and clustering techniques as part of social network analysis. Moreover, we apply definition of centrality in network in order to reveal the main frame formed in each of four periods. As a result, accessibility of personal information is extended from public sector to private sector. The boundary of personal information leakage is expanded to overseas. Therefore it is urgent to institutionalize the protection of personal information from a global perspective. Key Words : data protection policy, personal information protection act, personal information leakage, frame theory, social network analysis * 본 논문은 2011년 정부의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2011-330-B00034).Received 10 March 2014, Revised 17 April 2014Accepted 20 May 2014Corresponding Author: Hyun Suk Cho(Seoul National University of Science and Technology) Email: firstname.lastname@example.comⒸ The Society of Digital Policy & Management. All rights reserved. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is ISSN: 1738-1916 properly cited.


Commissioning and operation char- acteristics of the biochemical treatment of bleaching/washing effluent in a sulfite pulping plant were studied.Hydrolytic acidification- catalytic oxidation-coagulation process was adopted,and the treating effect on water in- flow and pollutant concentration variation was analyzed and the analysis can be used as a guide for the commissioning and operation of the system.The operating practice indicates that the process had a better treating effect, lower operating cost,and the COD_(cr) removal rate had reached more than 80% and the ef- fluent treated met the national discharge standard.


Weyl and Fabinger (2013) analyze the social incidence of competition and the output and welfare effects of third-degree price discrimination by considering the hypothetical entrance of exogenous quantity into a market. The formulas they use for this purpose, however, are correct only for marginal changes in exogenous quantity starting at zero or if demand functions are linear. We show how using the correct formulas changes Weyl and Fabinger's analyses and leads to new results on the social incidence of competition and on the output and welfare effects of third-degree price discrimination in monopoly and oligopoly markets.


To get a better and more efficient high-N2 natural gas liquefaction process,two methods of condensate withdrawal from vortex tube at abroad and expandable tube at home in gas liquefaction circuit were introduced and compared by use of simulation and computation.Results show that the former has more advantages in advanced technology,simple process,and flexible operation,but for the natural gas with a high content of nitrogen,this method not only consumes more energy,but achieves a worse N2 removal effect and a rather lower methane recovery rate;while the latter presents good advantages in low energy consumption,a high N2 removal ratio,and a high methane recovery rate in spite of its inflexibility.A case study demonstrates that the method of condensate withdrawal from expandable tube is superior to the other one from many parameters like energy consumption in each liquefaction unit,N2 removal ratio,methane recovery rate,and investment cost.


Sanitary condition is an imperative prerequisite of human life. India, though known for its technically advanced sanitation system during ancient civilizations, now writhes in apathetic and inhumane conditions of sanitation. Sulabh International, the brain child of the Gandhian Dr. Pathak, has pioneered new and improved ways of dealing with the sanitation problem of India. This paper aims to elucidate the effort of this organization in bringing about a social revolution in India, by paving the way for hygiene and health all across the country.


By measuring the direct and converse piezoelectric defect together with the mechanical damping and modulus defect of bent ionic single crystals, the electrical charge on the dislocations formed on bending is determined. These properties are measured at room temperature on bent 〈100〉 KCl, NaCl, LiF, and CaF2 single crystals at a frequency of 40 kHz and strain amplitudes of 4.6 × 10−10 to 7.5 × 10−5. The dislocation charge, which is always negative, ranges in magnitude from a low of 5 × 10−13 C/m for CaF2 to a high of 2.4 × 10−11 C/m for KCl. The dependence of the damping on dislocation charge for five 〈100〉 KCl crystals (two from this work, three from previous experiments) is found to be in agreement with the predictions of the charge cloud damping theory of Robinson and Birnbaum. The shape of the force-displacement hysteresis loops in the amplitude dependent region suggests that break away models for amplitude dependence are not applicable.


Since 1990, indemnity payments made to farms by crop insurance have exceeded the premiums paid by farms in all but one crop year, 1994 (see Figure 1). Moreover, net insurance payments to farms are trending higher. They have exceeded $1 billion in 8 of the last 10 years and $4.5 billion in 2 of the last 4 years. For the current 2011 crop year, net insurance payments exceed $5.5 billion, making 2011 the first crop year in which net crop insurance payments exceed direct payments.


On the basis of current types of fixing glass,three types of building glass structure were introduced,the merit and fault of every type was analyzed,the composition of building glass structure was explained,and it pointed out that building glass structure is a new building structure type,which has extensive application prospect.


The complexation thermodynamics of a large number of guest molecules with natural α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (CD) can be well-described within the framework of a recently introduced, unified, molecular size-based model for nonassociative liquids that also includes a modified hydration-shell hydrogen-bond model for water (Buchwald, P.; Bodor, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10671). With increasing guest size, 1:1 complex stability, as measured by ln K or ΔG°, tends to increase linearly up to a size limit characteristic for each CD. For α- and β-CD, the corresponding slopes and intercepts are in excellent agreement with those predicted by the model. For larger guest structures, values level off and are scattered around an average value depending on shape, goodness of fit, and possibly lipophilicity and some specific effects (e.g., such as those caused by presence of phenol functionality). It is an important achievement in the description of interactions in liquids that the very same interaction constants d...


The reduction of average correlations among cognitive tests in groups of individuals of above-average IQ was invented by C. Spearman (1927) and now is known as Spearman's "Law of Diminishing Returns" (SLODR). Although many studies also founded that inter-correlations between subtests decreased from low to high ability groups, several empirical investigations have challenged the SLODR. InRussiasimilar studies didn't carry out by now. We investigated the presence of SLODR in large-scaled dataset consisted of sample of 11335 applicants for joining to military institutes (mean age 18.42±1.29 years). The subjects were tested with the same battery of 10 ability tests. SLODR was assessed (tested) by dividing the sample into low/high ability groups based on the total score. In order to account for criticism ofMurrayet. al. (2013), test scores in each half-sample were transformed to normalized stens separately to equate variability and minimize skewness. Our findings were fully consistent with SLODR-based predictions, thus refuting suggestions about artifactual genesis of this phenomenon. To cross-validate this result analysis was repeated on second analogous sample after exclusion of all applicants older than 19 years (N = 11934, mean age = 17.91±0.47). And again, all indexes accounted were consistent with SLODR. The results indicate that SLODR effects are emerged on the level of group ability factors, are quite reproducible and relatively independent from test's g-loading and psychometric properties of their scores. Hypotheses are suggested to account for possible reasons of negative outcomes in some earlier studies.


The present invention relates to an LC filter as an RF filter and IPD? The semiconductor device and method of the FEM. RF semiconductor device having a substrate and formed on the substrate? FEM. RF? FEM comprises an LC low pass filter coupled for receiving an input transmit signal. Tx / Rx switch having a first terminal coupled to the output of the LC filter. The duplexer has a second terminal coupled to the second terminal of the Tx / Rx switch and a first terminal for providing an RF signal. IPD bandpass filter having an input coupled to the output and provide the received signals to the third terminal Tx / Rx switch. LC filter comprising inductors and transformers coiled to exhibit properties conductive trace coupled to the conductive traces capacitor. IPD filter comprising a coiled inductors and transformers to exhibit properties of conductive traces and a capacitor coupled to the conductive traces. RF? FEM substrate may be stacked on the semiconductor package includes an RF transceiver.


In view of the background interference of the current multi-point laser target source positioning detection system, positioning accuracy and real-time performance need to be improved. Based on the DM6437 hardware platform, an embedded multi-point laser target positioning system is designed. The collection of image information is completed by CMOS camera and TVP5158 chip. The DM6437 chip realizes tasks such as algorithm processing and data transmission. Experimental results show that the target location algorithm based on threshold and shape effectively removes the interfering light source in the image background. Therefore, the accuracy of laser target location is greatly improved. The positioning system based on the DSP hardware platform is small in size, stable in operation, and has high application promotion value.


In this paper, we consider the application of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) with Neural Networks in cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) for cognitive radio networks (CRN). Based on a statistical analysis of classical energy detector, the probability of detection and the false alarm has been calculated, which depends solely on SNR and the number of samples values. The channel occupancy detection results obtained from the proposed approach are compared with established analytical techniques such as MRC and AND/OR rules and well-known Machine Learning (ML) techniques, including, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Means. The Comparison matrices were receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC). We obtain the computational performance of the aforementioned NNELM model during the training phase and calculated the channel detection probability. Ultimately, the results demonstrate that the NN-ELM technique presents a better trade-off between training time and detection performance.


By the replacement of the traditional fire tests of flammability,smoke density,oxygen index and vertical flame with signal burning item (SBI) and calorific value tests,the differences of the fireproof characteristics of the aluminum/plastics composite panel (ACP) made from halogen-free flame retardant polyethylene (PE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) was studied.The results showed the composition of the core material of the ACP was the key parameter which had effect on the fireproof characteristics of the ACP,and the thickness of the aluminum panel had little effect on the classification of the burning behavior of the ACP.


Developing rural human resources is the prerequisite in the construction of new socialist countryside.At present,the function of government administration is inadequate in the process of developing rural human resources.Therefore,it is critical to further optimize the functions of government administration in developing rural human resources with the purpose of promoting the construction of new socialist countryside and rural economic and social development.


Organic electronics is attracting the interest of researchers and industries due to its feather weight, meager cost and mechanical flexibility. Many innovative techniques are anticipated for improving the operation of organic material based devices so that they can be used for high speed applications. One such method is usage of dual gate in the organic thin film transistors (DG-OTFT) that makes the organic devices robust. Dual gate structures have better performance in comparison with the single gate organic thin film transistors (SG-OTFT). In this research paper we have analyzed a DG-OTFT using pentacene as organic semiconductor (OSC) since it has high mobility and adequately high current on/off ratio. Subsequently, the performance parameter analysis of dual gate organic transistor is performed in terms of threshold voltage, drive current, subthreshold slope, current on/off ratio, mobility. Furthermore, comparison of dual gate mode with single gate mode (top and bottom both) is analyzed using organic module of Atlas 2-D numerical device simulator. Besides this, the effect of variation in OSC thickness and channel length is also carried out. It is observed that performance enhances with decrease in OSC thickness from 150nm to 80nm, whereas, length of the channel is varied from 50μm to 10μm at a step size of 10. We have observed that variation of OSC thickness does not affect much the performance of DG-OTFT, while, with 80% reduction in channel length the drive current improves by 83%.


Aim: To measure reliability, validity, and psychometric properties of Urdu version of Stroke-Specific Quality of Life scale. Methodology: A longitudinal cross-sectional observational survey was conducted from March 2019 to February 2020. The sample size was calculated by using Rao soft and non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to raise the sample. For translation purpose, the original English version of SSQOL was translated into Urdu by National Language Promotion Department, Govt. of Pakistan.96 stroke survivors filled the final SSQOL Urdu version twice within seven-day period. Data was analyzed by using Spearman and Pearson correlation, Cronbach's alpha, Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) at their threshold values, independent t-test, and One-way ANOVA at p < 0.05. Results: The SSQOL-U exhibited acceptable to excellent internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha= 0.943 with ICC= 0.84-0.93. In comparison ceilings effects were higher than floor effects. Results also established high test-retest reliability in all domains had Spearman's rho scores >0.8 except for Energy, family, and Mood. An acceptable item to scale correlation convergent validity with rp values ranged between 0.81–0.97. Practical Implication: The SSQOL-U will be utilized by practitioners and researchers across the country to accurately measure patient reported quality of life in post stroke patients. Conclusion: SS-QOL-U showed adequate psychometric properties. SS-QOL-U was found reliable and valid tool to measure the quality of life in Urdu-speaking patients having subacute and chronic stroke. Key words: Stroke, validity, reliability, Stroke specific quality of life


The formability limits of bulk metal forming in principal strain space and in the effective strain vs. stress-triaxiality space are characterized by an uncertainty region in which cracks may be triggered by tension (mode I of fracture mechanics) or by out-of-plane shear (mode III). The problem in obtaining experimental data in this region has been known for a long time and the main objective of this paper is to present a new upset formability test geometry that can effectively contribute to the characterization of the formability limits of bulk metal forming parts subjected to biaxial tension. Alongside with this objective, this paper also presents an analytical expression for converting the fracture forming limit line corresponding to crack opening by mode III in principal strain space into a hyperbolic fracture limit curve in the effective strain vs. stress-triaxiality space. The overall methodology employed by the authors combines experimentation along with analytical and numerical modelling, and the contents of the paper is a step towards diminishing the actual lack of knowledge regarding failure by fracture in bulk metal forming parts subject to stress-triaxiality values beyond uniaxial tension. Results show that a new uncoupled ductile fracture criterion built upon combination of the integrands of the Cockcroft-Latham and McClintock criteria can be successfully used to model the physics of the bulk metal forming limits for the entire range of stress-triaxiality values corresponding to cracking on free surfaces.


Transplants of Tagetes patula L., T. erecta L. and Calendula officinalis L. were subjected to brushing treatment until appearance of visible inflorescence buds. At the end of treatment, the plant height was statistically significantly reduced only in C. officinalis, whereas, at the beginning of flowering, the height of treated plants was statistically equal to untreated ones, in all examined species. In T. patula, the treatment also did not influence other measured morphological parameters. However, in T. erecta, treated plants had higher numbers of lateral branches and leaves, and, in C. officinalis, the treatment resulted in more upright stems. Besides, treated plants in both T. erecta and C. officinalis had a higher number of inflorescence buds. The results of this study indicate that exposure to mechanical stress may improve some commercially important characteristics in T. erecta and C. officinalis transplants. However, some plants were damaged by brushing treatment, especially in C. officinalis. For these species, further research is needed to find the effectiveness of methods of applying mechanical stress in which physical contact with plants is reduced or avoided.


OBJECTIVE:Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a well-known complication in joint replacements, but its occurrence and clinical effect on cervical artificial discs has not yet been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of HO in cervical disc replacement, to identify any associated risk factors for HO, and to examine the relationship of HO with clinical outcomes. METHODS:The patient data for this observational study were obtained from the original Bryan Disc Study by the European Consortium. Occurrence of HO was defined by the McAfee classification on the cervical lateral x-rays at 12 months after surgery. Secondary outcome measurements included Odom's criteria and the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey. RESULTS:Sixteen (17.8%) of the 90 studied patients experienced HO, and 6 (6.7%) of these patients experienced Grade 3 and 4 HO. Ten patients' (11%) artificial discs were shown to have movement of less than 2 degrees on flexion and extension cervical x-ray at 12 months, with 4 of these patients having HO of Grade 3 or 4. Male sex (&khgr;2 = 4.1; P = 0.0407) and older patients (P = 0.023; odds ratio = 1.10; 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.19) were associated with development of HO. CONCLUSION:There is a strong association of the occurrence of HO with subsequent loss of movement of the implanted cervical artificial disc. We have found that sex and age are two possible risk factors in the development of HO after cervical disc replacement.


Future water scarcity is a global concern with impacts across the energy, water, and land (EWL) sectors. Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are significant producers of agricultural goods, so disruptions resulting from water scarcity in LAC have global importance. Understanding where water scarcity in LAC could occur and what could exacerbate it is critical for strategic resource management and planning, both regionally and globally. Assessing future water scarcity in LAC is challenging given the complex interactions among the EWL sectors and the multiple uncertainties acting across spatial scales. To illuminate these dynamics, we use scenario discovery on a large ensemble representing diverse futures simulated using an integrated human‐environmental systems model. We quantify future water scarcity and its economic impacts across several physical and economic metrics. We find that future levels of reservoir storage expansion could be a significant driver of physical and economic water scarcity, highlighting the importance of strategic water infrastructure development in maintaining future water availability. Changes in crop profit are driven by both water supply and demand, emphasizing the complexity of EWL multisector dynamics. While most of LAC is poised to have abundant land and water resources available for future development, basins in Mexico and along the Pacific coast of South America experience high exposure to severe outcomes and uncertainty across outcomes for at least one metric. We find that drivers of severe scarcity vary spatially and across metrics, highlighting the region's heterogeneity and the importance of considering multiple metrics to assess water scarcity.


The purpose of knowledge mapping is a better orientation in a given domain and accessing knowledge of the right people at the right time. Collaboration between students and academics is desired and knowing each other's work or research objectives can significantly improve it. Our focus is to improve collaboration at University of Hradec Králové by collaborative knowledge mapping. University's knowledge mapping can be based on individual's research objectives as well as sharing related documents. We propose a conceptual model for a platform that would allow students and academics to work with a complex set of relationships structured according to the Topic Map standard.


General practitioner Leeton, New South Wales, Australia, 1958-90 (b 1922; q St Thomas's Hospital, London, 1944), died on 24 December 2001 from brain cancer.

After qualifying, he travelled to Australia for a couple of years before returning to the United Kingdom for further surgical experience. He then returned to Australia and joined a practice in the small rural town of Leeton (population 7000), where he performed many operations and delivered more than 2000 babies. In his latter years he developed a passion for bird watching. He leaves a wife; four children; and 11 grandchildren.


Prediction model of microstructure and properties of Al foil alloy was established by thermo-simulation compression experiment. The relationships between grain size, material constants, and flow stress were studied. In thermal deformed Al foil alloy, the relationship between grain size and material parameter Z met an approximately linear relationship, and an unitary linear regression equation was established. The influence of grain size on flow stress during thermal deformation was highly significant. The prediction models could thus predict the structure of the alloy during thermal deformation effectively, and guide the Al foil rolling.


People in third world countries, traditional still relied on the extended family since the goverments fail to provide a comprehensive social security that supposedly serves as a leg up to those in need. Trigerred by economic crisis in the 1998, for the last decades, Indonesian goverment, has initiatesd some welfare schemes to protect the people from catastrophy.


Uterine rupture during pregnancy is the disruption of the uterine wall. It is a rare complication but it is associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This has a variable incidence between 0.02-0.08% of pregnancies. There are different risk factors for uterine rupture like multiparity, congenital uterine anomalies, previous caesarean deliveries, macrosomia, labour induction, uterine instrumentation, uterine trauma and uterine surgery like previous uterine myomectomy. Signs and symptoms of uterine rupture are nonspecific; we can observe fetal distress, a decrease in uterine contractions, abdominal pain, uterine bleeding, maternal hemodynamic changes, etc. A high index of suspicion, rapid diagnosis and early treatment minimizes maternal and fetal mortality. However we must evaluate patients according to their risk and agree on the way of safer childbirth.


SIR,-We read with interest the recent letter from Dr. D. A. Rajapakse and Professor E. G. L. Bywaters (24 November, p. 488) concerning immunological investigations in relapsing polychondritis. We should, however, like to correct one misquotation concerning the findings reported by Hughes et al.,' who, by means of a standard indirect immunofluorescent technique using fetal cartilage as a substrate, detected positive diffuse fluorescence throughout the cartilage matrix with sera from only two of 12 (not from all 12) patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We have examined sera from a further 104 patients with probable, definite, or classical rheumatoid arthritis as defined by the American Rheumatism Association2 and detected cartilage matrix fluorescence in 10 (9.6%). Positive results have been found in only one of 102 normal blood donors and in two of 149 patients with a variety of diseases. Of eight patients with relapsing polychondritis tested, three had positive matrix fluorescence and one other showed a weakly positive reaction.3-We are, etc., W. M. SEYMOUR M. H. LESSOF Department of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London S.E.1


This paper firstly establishes integrated ratio system which includes 17 ratios based on statistics from other similar literatures.By the classification of two typical industries of manufacturing and non-manufacturing samples,three predictive models(manufacturing,non-manufacturing and mixed industries) are established by Logistic analysis using the data of listed companies.The results show that(1) the predictive ability of industry-specific models is much better than that of mixed industries model,and(2) the ability of distinguishing ST company from non-ST company is very strong.This provides us with direct evidence that the use of industry-specific samples can reduce predictive risk.


There is a lot of data and information that exists all around us. With the increase in data around us, it is essential to find a way to retrieve and organize the data in an efficient manner. Using generic search engines would not be the best use case for domain specific data. Thus, customized search engines based on different domains are required. The submodule used in the search engine like spell checkers can be used in various other real-world problems like grammar correction in documents and so on. In this paper Natural Language Processing based technique is proposed to achieve efficient and accurate information retrieval. It calculates nDCG scores based on several analyses such as Spell Check, Information Retrieval, Query Autocomplete. The IR System in this paper reaches a nDCG score of 0.32. Since the concept space of the Semantic Interpreter is spanned by only 100 articles. It is mainly focused to compute scores based on the query being entered and results in the form of a graph.


Abstract : An automated procedure for constructing slope maps was developed and demonstrated in this study. The procedure consists of three sequential parts: (1) input of surface elevation values by means of a matrix of elevation values referred to as an elevation grid array, (2) calculation of slope magnitudes and directions by the computer program SLOPEMAP, and (3) construction of slope maps using various SLOPEMAP output products. The form of input elevation data selected for use by SLOPEMAP to be prepared in advance of program execution is an orthogonal two-dimensional matrix, each element of which is the elevation of the topographic surface at that matrix (or grid) point. At run time, SLOPEMAP inputs these elevation values and calculates the slope magnitude and direction of each input grid point by employing approximation methods that use the elevation values of the grid point in question and its nearest and next nearest neighbors. Then, depending on the selected user options, the calculations are recorded or displayed in one or more of the following forms: (1) printer swath dumps, (2) magnetic tapes, (3) punched cards, and/or (4) drum or cathode ray tube (CRT) graphic plots that delineate slope classes selected by the user.


This paper presents a method to extract a good high-resolution image from a low-resolution video in an automatic manner. Since a high-resolution image reconstruction method utilizing several low-resolution input images works better than a conventional interpolation method utilizing single low-resolution input image only if the input images are well registered onto a common high-resolution grid, low-resolution input images should be carefully chosen so that the registration errors can be carefully considered. In this paper, the statistics obtained from the motion-compensated low-resolution images are utilized to evaluate the feasibility of the input image candidates. Maximum motion-compensation error is estimated from the high-resolution image observation model. U the motion-compensation error of the input image candidate is greater than the estimated maximum motion-compensation error, the input image candidate is discarded. The number of good input image candidates and the statistics of the motion-compensation errors are used to choose final input images. The final input images chosen from the input image selection block are given to the following high-resolution image reconstruction block. It is expected that the proposed method is utilized to extract a good high-resolution image efficiently from a low-resolution video without any user intervention.


A novel method for fabricating laccase electrode was developed by immobilizing mediator on multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) with laccase using chitosan as fixative.The mediator 22-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)(ABTS)was introduced to permit effective shuttling of electrons between laccase active site and the electrode.The electrochemical behavior of ABTS on multi-walled carbon nanotubes was investigated.The result indicated that ABTS could be strongly Absorbed onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes,and the multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with the mediator could produce stable colloidal suspensions with water.Compared with bare electrode,laccase on the modified electrode could catalyze the reduction of oxygen at a much more positive potential of 0.6 V,which is of great importance for the fabricating of biofuel cell.The effect of several experiment parameters,including the amount of ABTS-MWCNTs solution,pH value and temperature on catalytic performance of the modified electrode were optimized.The laccase electrode with 10 μL ABTS-MWCNTs solution showed the best catalytic efficiency to oxygen at 40 ℃ in pH 6.0.The simiplicity and high catalytic efficiency of the laccase electrode made it be of great potential to apply in implanted biofuel cell.


Thermal expansion coefficients ([alpha][sub a] and [alpha][sub c]) in two crystallographic axes (a and c) of the tetragonal phase are measured at 25 - 1,200C in ZrO[sub 2]-M[sub 2]O[sub 3] (M = Sc, In, Yb) and in ZrO[sub 2]-YTaO[sub 4]. The difference between these two thermal expansion coefficients, [alpha][sub c] [minus] [alpha][sub a], decreases with M[sub 2]O[sub 3] or YTaO[sub 4] composition even though the tetragonality (c/a) behaves differently in these two systems. The locus of [alpha][sub c] = [alpha][sub a] represents a maximum tetragonality for the tetragonal phase, but not the phase boundary for the cubic phase. The relationships among thermal expansion, temperature, and composition are discussed.


Knowledge of propeller or rotor blade behaviour under real operating conditions is crucial for optimizing the performance of a propeller or rotor system. A team of researchers, technicians and engineers from Avia Propeller, DLR, EVEKTOR and HARDsoft developed a rotating stereo camera system dedicated to in-flight blade deformation measurements. The whole system, co-rotating with the propeller at its full speed and hence exposed to high centrifugal forces and strong vibration, had been successfully tested on an EVEKTOR VUT 100 COBRA aeroplane in Kunovice (CZ) within the project AIM2—advanced in-flight measurement techniques funded by the European Commission (contract no. 266107). This paper will describe the work, starting from drawing the first sketch of the system up to performing the successful flight test. Apart from a description of the measurement hardware and the applied IPCT method, the paper will give some impressions of the flight test activities and discuss the results obtained from the measurements.


A 10-year-old boy presented with painless red nodules on his face for 6 months.According to the clinical and histopathology,a diagnosis of palisaded encapsulated neuroma(PEN) was made.The histopathologic feature was critical for the diagnosis.


Some long-standing problems in the experimental data for semileptonic $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c\ensuremath{\ell}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ decay rates have resisted attempts to resolve them, despite substantial efforts. We summarize the issues, and propose a possible resolution, which may alleviate several of these tensions simultaneously, including the ``$1/2$ vs $3/2$ puzzle'' and the composition of the inclusive decay rate in terms of exclusive channels.


The computation of seismic traveltime is important content of ray tracing method,how to calculate the seismic traveltime effectively and increase the computation accuracy are widely concerned.In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional ray tracing algorithm(Shooting method of initial value and Bending method of boundary value),A variety of new methods and new technologies have been improved in the past 10 years.With the development of seismic exploration technology,it is necessary to study the computation of seismic traveltime and the methods of ray tracing in three-dimensional medium model.Based on the linear traveltime interpolation (LTI) method to calculate two-dimensional seismic traveltime,in this article,a method to calculate the three-dimensional seismic traveltime is proposed by using bilinear interpolation,and its calculation formula deduced.Through numerical simulation calculation and the contrast with the analytic solution,the correctness of the principle of the method is proved,but also the method proved with a higher computation accuracy.


On the day I sat down with curator/artist Brook Andrew to discuss his Taboo installation at the MCA, I was assailed by three exemplars of taboo in action: in Arab-sprung Tunisia, in politically-correct Britain, and in Ming Dynasty China.


This paper explores how the symbolic use of the recurrent metaphors of the wound and the flame not only shapes Virgil's story of Dido (and her book in the Aeneid) but also the history of the reception of the queen of Carthage. Virgil had subtly exploited these metaphors (and their 'realisation') to deftly allude to the pre-Virgilian Dido – and to Dido's intertextual sisters. The way in which later poets and artists engage in acknowledging and representing this metaphorical play also defines their functional reading of Virgil's poetry.
Keywords: Virgil; Dido; Aeneid; tragedy; imagery; metaphors; reception


The paper gives a new approach to the design of power electronic circuits. Time periodic functions of excitation and response are required as input data for the design. A sequence of the linear time-invariant circuits is found on the basis of these data. As a result of the synthesis method new switching structures are obtained. The synthesis method presented can be applied to create new thyristor and transistor arrangements, particularly thyristor compensators.


An implicit three-dimensional time-accurate method for propulsion chamber flows is proposed which uses line Gauss-Seidel relaxation and multiple axial sweeps for the convergence of each time step. The general time-integration algorithm employed includes such schemes as the Euler implicit method. The results of spatial and temporal accuracy tests reveal that Roe's (1981) flux difference splitting provides excellent tracking of acoustic wave speeds. In comparison with other methods, no low mean flow Mach number convergence limitation or Courant number stabilization restriction is observed.


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