The analysis of a previous paper [A. Cole and R. Fitzpatrick, Phys. Plasmas 13, 032503 (2006)] that maps out all of the two-fluid response regimes of a linear tearing layer interacting with an externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation, in a large aspect-ratio tokamak plasma, is generalized to take into account realistic levels of perpendicular particle transport. A new response-regime map is obtained that differs substantially, in many respects, from the old one. The improved analysis is first employed to find all of the two-fluid growth-rate regimes of a non-interacting low-mode-number tearing mode in a large aspect-ratio tokamak plasma. The analysis is then used to determine the scaling of the error-field penetration threshold with machine parameters in large aspect-ratio tokamak plasmas.


In the present study, a modelling experiment is conducted to simulate the transport of sardine (Sardinops sagax) eggs and larvae in the Northern Benguela. Based on historical and newly obtained data, different scenarios of vertical and horizontal distribution are applied and the effects on retention are discussed. The simulations showed that vertical and horizontal distribution were important for retention of sardine larvae in the Northern Benguela. By using age-dependent data on vertical distribution, it was shown that retention of particles in the simulation was substantially enhanced compared with a scenario where particles were distributed in the offshore moving Ekman layer. Retention was lowest during October–December (when upwelling intensity is high) and highest during February–April (when upwelling intensity is somewhat lower). When different spawning areas were considered, highest retention was observed in an area near Walvis Bay. It is concluded that the behaviour of sardine larvae is adapted to the circulation system in the Northern Benguela in a way that promotes retention of the larvae in inshore nursery areas.


This paper describes a method for rendering visible the parabolic velocity distribution in laminar flow through a conduit. An opaque cloud having the shape of a thin line disposed along a pipe diameter is created by electrochemical means. This line is distorted into a parabola by the motion of the fluid.


Two groups of rabbits were inoculated on the day of birth or at 4 weeks of age with a human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐I (HTLV‐I)‐infected and transformed rabbit cell line (Ra‐I). Rabbits seroconverted to HTLV‐I, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence, by 3 weeks after inoculation and remained persistently seropositive during a 22‐month period of observation. Seroconversion did not occur in salineinoculated controls. Using Western immunoblotting and radio‐immunoprecipitation, persistent seroconversion occurred against viral antigens p24, p55 and gp68, while reactivity to p19 was variable between rabbits. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with HTLV‐I gag and pol primer pairs, HTLV‐I sequences were demonstrable in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and other tissues collected at 70 and 90 weeks after inoculation. DNA extracts from normal rabbit tissue remained negative under the same conditions. No qualitative or quantitative changes in leukocytes or erythrocytes were detected in the infected rabbits and no clinical signs could be directly attributed to infection with HTLV‐I.


In this paper, we compare the performance of three popular niching genetic algorithms namely deterministic crowding, restricted tournament selection, and clearing by a set of hybrid composition test functions originally proposed for the special session on real parameter optimization at CEC 2005. The number of function evaluations is used as the main control parameter for an unbiased comparison instead of using the generation count as done frequently in the previous comparative studies. Results are given in tables and graphs to show the searching ability, accuracy, and computation time requirement of each method.


We report a micro total analysis assembly capable of performing DNA extraction, amplification and hybridization-based detection for bacterial genetic analysis. Four modules (micro-chips) required for total nucleic acid analysis are integrated into an assembly where no integrated valve between these modules is required.


Using the semivariogram approach from geostatistics, we characterize for the rst time the global patterns of mesoscale (approx. 10{200 km and days to a few weeks) ocean biological variability. The magnitude of the variability and length scale elds are reported for a full year of SeaWiFS ocean color data. The analysis shows a number of coherent geographical patterns across a wide range of biological and physical environments. When normalized to the mean chlorophyll as a coeecient of variation, the resolved mesoscale variance (relative sill) is approximately uniform in the tropics and subtropics (0.1{0.2), increasing to 0.3{1.0 in upwelling (Equatorial Paciic, coastal) and subpolar/polar regions, approximately scaling with the mean chlorophyll concentration. The unresolved variance (nugget), which includes submesoscale geophysical variability as well as instrument/algorithm noise, is inversely correlated with mean chlorophyll concentration in the oligotrophic subtropics (an indication of instrument/algorithm noise) reducing to a low background value (0.1) elsewhere. Mesoscale variance dominates ocean color variability in oligotrophic regimes and is a third to a half of the total variance even in regions with strong seasonality. The mesoscale spatial scale (range) is approximately zonal, with values of 200{350 km near the Equator to less than 50 km close to the poles similar to the physical scales estimated from altimeter sea surface height variability data and the rst baroclinic Rossby deformation radius. Our results demonstrate the global generality of previous local and regional ndings that physical mesoscale turbulence governs biological spatial scales both directly (e.g. stirring) and indirectly (e.g. nutrient injection). The same is not true, at least directly, for the (normalized) magnitude of the biological variability, which is not well correlated with mesoscale eddy kinetic energy and in particular does not show the characteristic west-east asymmetry associated with the western boundary currents. Regional deviations from these large-scale variance and spatial length-scales trends, for example lower range and higher resolved variance in coastal upwelling regimes, are explicable by the the characteristics of the biological-physical interaction in those environments. 2


The writing laboratory is a place where writers work on their writing with the assistance of helpful and concerned readers. The writing laboratory can also be a place where teachers and teaching assistants work on their teaching with a similar kind of assistance. I am indebted to Charles Moran and James Leheny of the University of Massachusetts for the idea that the writing laboratory can provide a laboratory classroom for teachers of writing. In our work together during an institute for writing teachers (sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities), we trained forty-two teachers in tenth grade writing laboratory classrooms at Springfield Technical High School. In a paper presented at the CCCC meeting in Washington, D.C., Moran' reports on aspects of that method of training teachers, and he gives the chief reason for the method's success: teachers work with real writers and real samples of writing. Teachers interact with writers and then with other teachers, examining duplicated student writing, listening to what was said during writing conferences, and deciding what writers ought to hear during the next day's class. In a six-week summer course I used the writing laboratory method of training teachers again, this time in an undergraduate writing laboratory. I combined a class of twenty-five basic college writers with a class of twelve secondary English teachers and university teaching assistants. For others who would like to train writing teachers in an undergraduate writing laboratory, I will describe the key characteristics of the method I used, and I will use examples from my combined courses to illustrate the significance of those characteristics.


A liquid-crystalline phenylterthiophene derivative which exhibits a nematic phase at room temperature has been prepared. The hole mobility in the nematic phase at room temperature reaches 4 × 10−4 ...


This essay urges progressives to cease their efforts to amend the constitution to weaken corporate "personhood." Instead, we need to focus on changing corporations themselves so that overturning Citizens United would be unnecessary. We should use this historical moment to nudge corporations closer to what the Supreme Court assumed they are in its Citizens United decision — "associations of citizens." While the constitutional effort is defensive and palliative, a campaign to redesign the corporation itself would be affirmative and transformative. To cure Citizens United, we don't have to amend the Constitution — we need to rethink corporations.


This article explains how quantum physics connects to alternative medicine and spirituality. These three things that seem so distant are connected through the human nonlinear electromagnetic field (NEMF), which only some sensitive individuals can see – it is called aura. However, aura could be made visible to everybody and to be photographed if high frequency electric field is used, which multiply the photons of our aura (NEMF) and makes its photographing possible. It is called Kirlian photography and it could make visible the discrete (quantum) energy levels of our NEMF. Since, the almost invisible NEMF is called Spirit, the quantum energy levels of our NEMF are de facto our quantum spiritual levels. How this relates to Alternative Medicine? The higher is the Spiritual level of an individual, the higher is the frequency of his NEMF and the higher is his sensitivity – emotional sensitivity, stress sensitivity, and drug sensitivity. If so, the right medicine for these more spiritual and more sensitive individuals would be the more gentle alternative medicine (homeopathy, herbal, or acupuncture). If western medicine is used on these sensitive individuals, the dose must be decreased a few times because what is the normal dose for the individuals with low sensitivity will be too much for them. They would suffer a bouquet of allergic reactions and the drugs would more harm than help them.


Construction of the garment pattern block provides the basic shapes for manipulation and development. These blocks are often developed using a construction method, allowing at least the minimum levels of ease to satisfy comfort and function. However, current construction methods rarely explicitly state the levels of ease incorporated into the pattern, making it difficult to retain objective controls. This research outlines methods and results to determine the levels of ease incorporated into some widely used pattern construction methods. Similar bodice and sleeve patterns from the selected sources are constructed from common body dimensions. These patterns are then compared to the original body dimensions and ease levels are established. Comparison of results indicates that each construction method produces blocks with differing shapes and levels of ease. The results of ease assessment can be used for more objective selection of appropriate blocks and to support the development of direct drafting methods.


The invention provides an energy control method for a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle. According to the energy control method, state data of the vehicle are obtained in real time, according to the state data of the vehicle, the torque and the DCDC optimal value of a motor are obtained in real time by the utilization of a pre-stored data table, and therefore the optimal control over energy of the fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle can be effectively achieved. Based on a Pontryagin minimum principle, the data table is obtained, consumed calculation time is short, and practical application is facilitated.


A corn fiber quilt preparation method is characterized in that the preparation method adopts corn fiber as the filler of the quilt core and comprises the following steps: sampling shell fabric, clipping and sewing, weighting raw materials, matching and mixing, opening and carding, air-assisted filling, carding and lapping and non-gel shaping, filling and coating, sealing and basting, examine and packaging and warehousing the finished products. The corn fiber is used as the filler of the quilt core, the quilt is loose, comfortable and durable, the quilt can easily recovery after extrusion and is easy to wash, the product appearance can not be changed for a long time and the corn fiber also has the characteristics of good heat preservation and humidity-discharging.


We investigate the current status of sustainable value integration in Colorado's real estate markets, an area with limited current / historical value attributed to sustainability. The property appr...


We read with a great deal of interest the study titled "[6]-shogaol induces Ca2+ signals by activating the TRPV1 channels in the rat insulinoma INS-1E cells" by Rebellato et al. [1] in the January 2014 issue of JOP. Journal of the Pancreas (Online). At the outset, we would like to congratulate the authors for having conducted an exhaustive research with insights on the mechanism of action of [6]-shogaol. The manuscript is intelligently written with ample graphical representation of data leaving little room for criticism. However, it would be of enormous help if the authors could clarify certain doubts we had while reading the article.


The precursor contained element of Li,Fe,P was synthesized in the triethylene glycol(TEG)/H2O system under ambient pressure and 108℃ during a short time.The XRD and SEM results show that:the obtained precursor belonged to amorphous structure,and LiFePO4/C nanocomposites was obtained by sintering at 600℃ with a certain amount of glucose under inert atmosphere for 3h.Electrochemical tests showed that the special capacity of nanometer LiFePO4/C at discharge rates of 0.2 was 156.3mAh/g and has the better discharge platform.A capacity of 133.9mAh/g at 5C and 109.9mAh/g at 10C was even achievable,with no significant capacity fading after 200 cycles.Show excellent rate discharge characteristics and cycle performance.


We consider a wireless sensor network that uses inductive near-field coupling for wireless powering or communication, or for both. The severely limited range of an inductively coupled source-destination pair can be improved using resonant relay devices, which are purely passive in nature. Utilization of such magneto-inductive relays has only been studied for regular network topologies, allowing simplified assumptions on the mutual antenna couplings. In this work we present an analysis of magneto-inductive passive relaying in arbitrarily arranged networks. We find that the resulting channel has characteristics similar to multipath fading: the channel power gain is governed by a non-coherent sum of phasors, resulting in increased frequency selectivity. We propose and study two strategies to increase the channel power gain of random relay networks: i) deactivation of individual relays by open-circuit switching and ii) frequency tuning. The presented results show that both methods improve the utilization of available passive relays, leading to reliable and significant performance gains.


In Colima, Mexico, 50% of the citrus are grown on sandy loam and sandy soils. During 2001, sixteen citrus rootstocks were evaluated to determine the foliar nutrient concentration, yield, fruit quality and nutritional indexes of Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) trees at eight years from planting. Treatments (rootstocks) were lemons, citranges, mandarins, limes and trifoliate; the control treatment was sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.). Foliar concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu were determined; Kenworthy indexes were calculated on the basis of tree vigor, yield, fruit quality and yield efficiency (kg m −3 of foliage). Nutrient concentrations depended on the rootstock efficiency for the uptake of specific nutrients. Volkameriana (Citrus volkameriana Pasq.) accumulated less Mg, while sour orange was the least efficient in the absorption of P. Cleopatra (Citrus reshni×Tan), Carrizo (Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf.×C. sinensis L.) and Sunki×Trifoliate (Sunki×P. trifoliate) had the lowest K concentration. The ratio K(Ca+Mg) depended on the rootstock used: Macrofila (Citrus macrophylla Wester) had the highest value and Cleopatra the lowest. Amblicarpa (Citrus amblycarpa Ochse) showed values of nutrimental sufficiency in spite of its great vigor (tree canopy). Fruit yield depended on tree vigor (canopy diameter). Kenworthy nutritional balance index was N=2.8%, P=0.33%, K=0.86%, Ca=3.18%, Mg=0.72%, Mn=3340 mg kg −1 and Cu=40 mg kg −1 .


An even mean labeling is a variant of mean labeling. Here we investigate even mean labeling for path and bistar related graphs.


The influence of the ingredients of the title coatings,such as epoxy resin,amine curing agent,low volatile active diluents,inorganic pigments,fillers and additives on the performance of coatings film and application properties,and the application conditions are discussed.


With the continuous progress of the social economy of our country, people have put forward more requirements for road traffic, and the development of road traffic construction is also faster and faster. Among them, the construction of the highway is also accelerating the development, but also the focus of road traffic construction. However, there are still many problems in its construction and development. There are many diseases in the construction of roadbed engineering. In addition, the quality control work in the construction stage does not achieve the predetermined goal, which may lead to unsafe events. Therefore, we must take it seriously. On this basis, it describes the importance of highway roadbed construction quality, introduces three common roadbed engineering diseases, and studies the quality control of highway roadbed engineering. This paper found that the proportion of pavement smoothness is the most, accounting for 30%, which shows that the expressway roadbed is not only built, but also needs to be carefully maintained in the later stage, so as to avoid common diseases and extend the service life of expressway.


There are similarities and differences in the functions of the prepositions "Xiang?Wǎng?Chao" in syntax, semantics and pragmatics. For semantics, all of them could refer to placewards, but only some could refer to object and some couldn't. For syntax, all of them could be used as adverbials, but some could also be used as complements and some couldn't. For pragmatics, all of them could be omitted, but for their existence or non existence there are different conditions involved. The paper deals with all the above, and has found out the mechanism that governs their uses.


This research aimed to study the attitude of student-teachers towards Four-year Integrated Teacher Education Programme. The study was conducted at Gaya, Bihar and Bhubaneswar, Odisha on the sample of 192 student-teachers. Standardized attitude scale was developed by the researchers to study the attitude of student-teachers. On the basis of findings it was concluded that student-teachers of different surroundings have positive attitude towards four year integrated teacher education programme. There was no significant difference between male and female; rural and urban; B.Sc.-B.Ed. and B.A-B.Ed. student-teachers towards Four Year Integrated Teacher Education Programme but significant difference was fond between student-teachers of Central University of South Bihar and Regional Institute of Education, NCERT, Bhubaneswar.


We propose a new model for dynamic volatilities and correlations under skewed, heavytailed distributions. The model combines the class of Generalized Hyperbolic (GH) distributions with an observation driven model that is excited by the scaled density score. The key novelty in our approach is that the skewed and fat-tailed shape of the distribution directly affects the dynamic behavior of the time-varying parameters. This distinguishes our approach from familiar alternatives such as the DCC model with GH disturbances. Using simulated and empirical evidence, we show that the model outperforms its close competitors if skewness and kurtosis are relevant features of the data.


SUMMARY: In « De Anima » and « De Sensu » Aristotle treats of the permanent real colours of objects. He deals with three different theories: 1. The juxtaposition theory. 2. The superposition theory, 3. The mixtio theory. In the first one white and black parts are placed so besides each other in the surface, that the separate colours owing to the smallness of the parts can not be seen, but the combination of a black and a white part is very well visible. This theory he rejects. In the second one we see a colour via another colour, e.g. the sun when covered by smoke. Aristotle prefers the third theory. When a new chemical body is formed out of two components, the new body has, in the smallest parts we can imagine, everywhere the same composition. In the same way he declares the appearance of new colours from separate ones. Aristotle believed that the treated colours were actually present in the objects. They are not derived from the light. He denies that from our eye beams of light are emitted by which we see. The not real apparent colours of e.g. the rainbow he declares with the eyebeams. So it is probable that the Meteorologica was not written by Aristotle. Until the 17th century this difference between the permanent and the apparent colours lasted.


Hospital-associated infections and related complications are of extreme concern in the healthcare sector since biofilms generated over material surfaces not only create turbulence in the healthcare practices followed but also ruin the device performance, and increased medication, leading to significant chances of drug resistance. Natural rubber latex (NRL) being the first choice for the manufacture of several conventional biomedical devices, it is essential to ensure the surfaces of the same are inherently inactive against most microorganisms. This study presents NRL film surface conjugated with a well-known antibiotic, gentamicin through an amide linkage to generate antibacterial activity to the surface with a significant growth inhibition rate, especially against Staphylococcus aureus. The NRL films were surface-oxidized under controlled acidic conditions to generate carboxyl groups exploring the unsaturation of the base monomer unit. The carboxyl group reacts with the amine groups of gentamicin facilitating its surface conjugation. The surface anchoring was authenticated by FTIR-ATR complimented further by contact angle measurement as a function of hydrophilicity and elemental analysis by EDX spectroscopy. The antibacterial efficacy of modified NRL films was evaluated using antibacterial drop test and the results indicated a substantial growth inhibition rate (>60%) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The study could be further optimized and proposed as a viable route for the conjugation of active molecules over inert polymer molecules.


Reflection coefficient measurements taken as part of the experimental validation of acoustic modeling techniques experiment in October 2006 off the coast of Isola d'Elba, Italy display frequency dependent behavior that cannot be described using elastic reflection models and spherical wave effects alone. Furthermore, analysis of the effects of scattering based on measured interface roughness does not predict the critical and supercritical angle behavior. Therefore, a poro‐elastic model is developed to account for the frequency dependent behavior. A comparison of the model including poro‐elasticity, spherical wave effects, and scattering with the data will be presented. [Work sponsored by Office of Naval Research, Ocean Acoustics.]


After eight years of extensive research and experience in providing a variety of solar electrical lighting solutions to some remote off-grid rural communities in Cameroon, we have learned the hard way that, as much as people in the rural communities need lights, they would accept and maintain more of a solution that provides both lights and power.


On the basis of theoretical analysis and practical production, the influence of rolling process on the mechanical properties of bake-hardening deep drawing sheet for automobiles have been studied. The practical application of the sheet are also introduced.


The authors study the nature and spectrum of fundamental vibrational excitations in the assembly of misfit accommodating dislocations. The physical system considered is a Lomer array of equispaced dislocations in a lattice-mismatched interface between a substrate and a thin film with similar elastic properties. Within the framework of the isotropic elasticity theory they calculate the effective force constants of harmonic springs that establish the dynamical correlations between the oscillating dislocations. Their interest is concentrated on the case where the thickness of the overlayer is much less than the separation between the nearest-neighbor dislocations. The authors show how in this situation the free surface of the film exerts a profound screening influence on the dislocation-dislocation correlations; it is demonstrated that the force constants exhibit sensitive dependence not only on the lattice mismatch, but also on the film thickness. They then deduce the dispersion of collective dislocation excitations and find that the latter propagate along the interface much more slowly than the ordinary sound waves. Their results reveal the manner in which the thickness of the film controls the magnitude of the vibrational quantum that characterizes the natural oscillations of arrayed dislocations. It is shown that this anomalous energy quantum manifests itselfmore » in the low-temperature heat capacity of the misfit array.« less


Background: Sodium assists in maintaining body fluid balance. Excess sodium intake increases the risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) adding to global and local mortality due to non-communicable diseases. Aim: To determine the salt intake levels of patients having coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to explain the relationship between salt consumption and atheroma development. This study used an adapted cross-sectional design with 233 patients admitted to Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital with acute heart diseases. Method: Demographic and lifestyle-related data, medical history and food intake data were collected. Salt intake was calculated based on the consumption of salt used per month at household level, salt added to food – including in restaurants. Salt content was determined using web-based applications and food tables. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with IHD. Results: In this study, the daily intake of sodium per person was 6,176 mg. This was much higher than WHO's recommended level of 2,000 mg/day, demonstrating a significant relationship between segmental lesions and sodium intake (p<0.01). The multivariate binary logistic model demonstrated that high salt intake (OR 8.54; 95% CI [4.545–16.734]) and the presence of diabetes (OR 2.23; 95% CI [1.206–4.238]), contributed to the high number of segmental lesions (p<0.01). Conclusion: A high daily intake of sodium increases the risk of atheroma formation in more coronary segments, regardless of age, sex, several known disease conditions and risk factors.


Described in the article is the process flow of manufacturing the Φ406.4 mm×7.92 mm X60 seamless steel pipe for pipe line service with the locally-induction heating+hot-expanding process. With geometric dimensional inspection,mechanical property testing,and metallographic structure analysis of the finished product,it is verified that the product is of standard-required dimensions and homogeneous metallographic structure,and with comprehensive performance up to API Spec 5L PSL2. Thanks to the process of hot-expanding formation with simultaneous heat treatment,the inherent strain of the steel pipe is eliminated,and thus the production cycle is shortened,and in turn the operation costs for production of the high steel grade large-sized light-wall seamless steel pipe is reduced.


In centralized management of steel bar processing in construction industry, the following problems are present, including unclear plan, no saving of raw materials, uncontrolled progress, difficulty in responsibility tracking, low management efficiency and untimely warning. The project of Chongqing East Station adopts the intelligent operating system of "MAX RMES Steel Bar Management Cloud Platform", which integrates advanced technologies such as Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, modern logistics and distribution to achieve digitalization of the whole process from raw material arrival, intelligent steel bar retrofitting, automatic processing of platform distribution equipment and informatized delivery. A set of experience is summarized for intelligent centralized steel bar construction, management and operation, which carries important practical and guiding significance for the intelligent application of centralized steel bar processing, generating enormous economic and social benefits, and demonstrating strong promotion and application value.


After an injection of 3H-thymidine, the renewal of epithelial cells in the gastric mucosa of normal adult mice was studied by simple electron microscopy and electron microscopic autoradiography.1. Undifferentiated cells are present in the isthmus as a common matrix for surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells. Their differentiation to chief and parietal cells seems probable but could not be evidenced. Undifferentiated cells are proliferative in the isthmus.2. Immature surface mucous cells have mitotic activity in the isthmus and in deeper parts of the pit. They grow mature as they migrate towards the surface of the mucosa.3. Mucous neck cells, especially in their immature stage, are proliferative in the isthmus and in the neck. They migrate from the isthmus to deep parts of the neck.4. Primitive chief cells are first identified in the upper parts of the glandular base. They have mitotic activity and become mature with downwards migration.5. Parietal cells grow mature with their migration from the isthmus towards the base. Mitotic activity of parietal cells could not be confirmed.6. There were no finding suggesting the transformation from mucous neck cells to chief and parietal cells.7. Ultrastructural changes during the differentiation of each cell type were described.


In 1907 – 1923 in Kharkov a non-periodical collection of works of the so-called "Kharkov school" – the followers of A.A. Potebnja and A.N. Veselovskiy – was published. Its title was "Questions of Theory and Psychology of Creativity". This article deals with the works included in this collection and in one way or another connected with the theory of poetic creativity. I show that some ideas of the researchers of the "Kharkov school" are still relevant for the philosophy of poetic creativity and philosophy of education and analyze the relevance of D.N. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky's, A. Gornfeld's, T. Raynov's and P. Engelmeier's works for the contemporary philosophy.
These works are examined from the point of view of their modern character and relevance for the philosophy of poetic creativity, as well as usefulness for the philosophy of education. D.N. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky analyzes the lyrical feeling that arises in the reader- interpreter reading a poetic work. We emphasize the importance of lyrical feeling in teaching as well. Gornfeld addresses the ideas of Potebnja recognizing any artistic work as symbolic and allegorical, as well as postulating an infinite number of possible interpretations of each artwork. This fact is also important for the education process. T. Raynov writes a chapter called "Lyrics of Scientific and Philosophical Creativity," which also studies factors important for the philosophy of education. He analyses the factors influencing the way an individual conceives the problem being solved and solved, which may well be a teaching one. Finally, Engelmeyer intends to establish his science of creativity - Evrology. We also show that a reflection on teaching can be developed in parallel with his arguments about creativity.


BACKGROUND
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is one the most common and distressing skin disorders seen in dogs. It is characterized by dysfunction in the skin barrier, with a complex pathogenesis combining both genetic and environmental factors.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate associations between environmental factors and case-control status in two closely related, at-risk breeds, the Labrador retriever and golden retriever.

ANIMALS
Two thousand four hundred and forty-five pet dogs, of which 793 were classed as cases (575 Labrador and 218 golden retrievers) and 1,652 as controls (1,120 Labrador and 532 golden retrievers).

METHODS AND MATERIALS
Case-control status was assigned based upon owner response to a standardized validated questionnaire. Retrospective data on rearing environment were collected via additional questions. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were utilized to evaluate associations between environmental factors and case-control status.

RESULTS
Risk factors included being reared in an urban environment (not living currently in an urban environment), being male, being neutered, receiving flea control and being allowed on upholstered furniture. Protective factors included living with other dogs (not cats) and walking in woodlands, fields or beaches. Additionally, amongst Labrador retrievers, chocolate-coloured dogs were at greater risk of having cAD than black- or yellow-coated dogs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
This study is the largest of its kind to date to investigate the role of the environment in cAD. Although precise triggers are unclear, this study complements earlier studies in highlighting the protective role of a rural environment and some novel associations with disease development.


Because cyancobalamin deficiency is commonly treated with parenteral adminstration, the present study aims to make a comparison between the effectiveness of parenteral vitamin B12 treatment and the effectiveness of local treatment achieved by complete dentures improved by crosslinked polymerization using as template vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin).


Greene, Lewallen and Vafaee characterized (1, 1) L-space knots in S and lens space in the notation of coherent reduced (1, 1)-diagrams. We analyze these diagrams, and deduce an explicit description of these knots. With the new description, we prove that any L-space obtained by Dehn surgery on a (1, 1)-knot in S has non-left-orderable fundamental group.


A better understanding of water transport processes is highly desirable for the exploitation of the ocean resources and the protection of the ocean ecological system.In this paper,the Lagrangian methods are used to study the water transport processes in Xiangshan Bay in China,a typical semi-closed and narrow-shaped bay with complex coastline and topography.A high-resolution3-D hydrodynamic model is developed and verified,and the results from the model agree well with the field data.Based on the hydrodynamic model,the Lagrangian residual current is computed by using the particle tracking method.A concept based on the dynamical systems theory,the Lagrangian coherent structures(LCSs),is introduced to uncover the underlying structures which act as the transport barriers in the flow.The finite-time Lyapunov exponent(FTLE)fields are computed from the hydrodynamic model results to extract the LCSs.The results indicate that the LCSs act as the internal structures of the Lagrangian residual current and the Lagrangian residual current displays the residual current speed and direction of different water regimes separated by the LCSs.The water masses with different transport characteristics can be identified and their exchange ability with other water masses can be estimated by combining the Lagrangian particle tracking with the LCSs methods.The comprehensive applications of these Lagrangian methods reveal the underlying structures and the inhomogeneous characteristics of the water transport in Xiangshan Bay.


"Above each hut waved a little white flag—signs that the inmates had relinquished their old heathen faith and become Christian" (Rasmussen 118). The shaman Aua had explained to Knud Rasmussen that traditions based on experience and generational knowledge are what the Inuit adhere to. The harsh Arctic life is reflected in Aua's description of Inuit beliefs. The shaman explains that fear is the primary guiding force of life:


The automotive industry is famous for introducing concept-cars that set the vision for the future. The Cambridge Adventures, held on 23–25 July 2013, had the goal of resetting the meaning of conferences, and to provide a template for meetings of the future. Attendance at 'Adventures in the physical metallurgy of steels' (APMS) was therefore limited to 100 people on the basis of risk, novelty and excitement in their research. There were no invited lectures. The number of presentations was limited to 25, without parallel sessions. There was no theme to address other than the broad one defined by the title, so each talk was a breath of fresh air. There were no registration fees, the meeting was broadcast live on the internet for those not attending to watch free-of-charge and to participate live in the discussions irrespective of geographical location. All presentations were professionally recorded and are available to view on YouTube. And now, here are the proceedings, made freely accessible for a number of years.


This article analyzes the disadvantages in the three common experimental teaching modes, and proposes a new improved one, along with the demonstration of its feasibility and efficiency.


A novel force measurement using a scanning tunneling microscope as a forced oscillator is described. Results obtained from tunneling between a tungsten tip and a graphite substrate show that a maximum tip‐sample force about 10−6 N exists during the constant current mode of operation. These results are in agreement with a previous model where large contact areas insulated by contaminants between tip and substrate were suggested as a cause of large tip‐sample interaction forces. This method can achieve a force sensitivity of 10−8 N and for conductive substrates provide a simple, versatile alternative to existing methods of atomic force microscopy.


The invention provides systems and methods for the delivery of carbon to photoautotrophs. The invention utilizes low energy regeneration of adsorbent for CO.sub.2 capture and provides for effective CO.sub.2 loading into liquids useful for photoautotroph growth and/or production of photosynthetic products, such as biofuels, via photoautotrophic culture media. The inventive system comprises a fluid/membrane/fluid contactor that provides selective transfer of molecular CO.sub.2 via a dense (non-porous) membrane from a carbonate-based CO.sub.2 snipping solution to a culture medium where the CO.sub.2 is consumed by a photoautotroph for the production of biofuels, biofuel precursors or other commercial products.


Ryan et al describe a large pedigree with epilepsy and mental retardation expressed exclusively in females, but with male transmission. Sixteen out of 17 daughters of asymptomatic transmitting males are affected suggesting high penetrance only in females. Linkage analysis shows the gene responsible to lie in Xq22. The authors suggest four possible explanations for this unusual mode of inheritance. (1) The mutation may be recessive with a Y chromosome homologue rendering males heterozygous but females functionally hemizygous owing to X inactivation, the X with the mutation being active in a proportion of cells. (2) Hemizygosity for the mutation has no effect but heterozygosity may result in metabolic interference between the normal and mutant protein products. (3) The mutation may cause the gene to escapeX inactivation in females, functional disomy causing the phenotype. (4) The gene may not be necessary for male brain development or the hormonal status of males protects them from deleterious effects. An X linked condition with male sparing has not previously been described; however, Ryan et al stress that the distinguishing feature of this disease is its inheritance pattern and not the neurological symptoms. The recognition of such an inheritance pattern requires a large pedigree which would be rare because of low reproductive fitness in affected females. The expression of an X linked disorder predominantly in females is usually the result of male lethality, but it is of interest to note that for some such diseases, for example, Aicardi syndrome, Rett syndrome, and microphthalmia with linear skin defects, there is little evidence of male lethality.


The effects of varying forming pressure, firing temperature and type of bond on the fired properties of Rajhauan (UP) bauxite are reported. The porosity and water absorption were found to decrease with increasing forming pressure and firing temperature. Bulk density was found to increase with increasing forming pressure and firing temperature. The firing shrinkage increased with increasing firing temperature and decreased with decreasing forming pressure. The PCE and RUL values were reasonably good. It was concluded that the material could be used for making refractories.


Abstract Modal and non-modal linear stability analyses are employed to investigate the effect of internal and external heating on disturbance temporal growth for the Darcy–Bénard convection with throughflow. A matrix-forming approach is employed for both purposes, where the generalised eigenvalue problem is built using the generalised integral transform technique. Although the disturbance equations are not self-adjoint, the non-modal analysis indicates that there is no transient growth. Hence, any disturbance growth in time must be induced by modal mechanisms. An absolute instability analysis reveals that viscous dissipation has a destabilising effect and introduces new modes that are eventually destabilised by increasing the Péclet number. Beyond critical values of the Péclet number, where codimension-two absolutely unstable points exist, these modes become more unstable than the classical mode found in the absence of viscous dissipation, which is stabilised by an increasing Péclet number. This internal heating mechanism generated by viscous dissipation is so strong at high enough Péclet numbers that instability becomes possible through heating from above.


Five isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets containing 0, 8.95, 17.90, 26.85, or 35.8% double dry-extruded full-fat soybeans (FFSB) as a replacement for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28% commercial solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) were fed to juvenile Penaeus vannamei to satiation six times per day for 70 days. The water stability of pellets tested at 4 and 8 hours were not significantly different (P < 0.05) different, although the diet with the highest level of FFSB had the lowest water stability consistently. Weight gains, survival, dry matter feed intake, feed conversion, and protein efficiency ratio were essentially the same for all diets. Whole body percentages of moisture, fat, crude protein, and ash were also similar for shrimp in all treatments. The results of this study indicate that, at the level tested, the nutritional value of double dry-extruded FFSB for shrimp is comparable to that of SBM made isocaloric with soybean oil.


A number of passive seismic methods have been developed over many decades. Still, imaging of aseismical zones of the subducting slabs is one of challenging themes in the geoscience community. Conventional seismological approaches, such as hypocentral mapping, receiver functions, and global tomography, have been providing useful imaging of the Nazca slab, which subducts under the South American plate; however, the aseismic zones remained unclear. Here, we propose to apply global-phase seismic interferometry (GloPSI) for the imaging of the aseismic zones of the Nazca slab beneath the Malargüe region (Mendoza, Argentina). GloPSI uses global phases (epicentral distances ≥ 120°) such as PKP, PKiKP, and PKIKP, recorded on the vertical component of the seismic sensors. These phases illuminate the lithosphere below the receivers with small angles of incidence, which illumination suffices for creating virtual sources that radiate primarily downwards. We then migrate the retrieved virtual responses to obtain a subsurface reflection image with high resolution (< 15 km in depth). We use data recorded in the Malargüe region using an exploration-type receiver array called MalARRgue. This array was recording continuously in 2012 for one year. In this presentation, we show the imaging results from the Moho down to the aseismic Nazca slab, including the upper mantle.


Mining frequent items is a basic task in stream data mining. Many approximation algorithms behave well in frequent items mining,but can not control their memory consumption. 0-δ algorithm that can solve the memory consumption problem was proposed and implemented. Besides sufficient analysis in theory,some extensive tests were also presented to show this algorithm is effective and efficient.


The monotonous and strenuous shoulder moving pattern during throwing may result in micro trauma and fibrous adhesions between the layers of fascia among athletes. In the last decade, self myofascial release (SMR) has gained good reputation as a way to treat these adhesions. However, there is limited data demonstrating the effects on upper body performance among athletes. Aims : The purpose was to examine the effects of an acute bout of upper body SMR with Foam Rolling as a new method for SMR or from dynamic stretch (DS), on shoulder range of motion (ROM), throwing velocity and throwing accuracy. Also to examine correlations between shoulder ROM and throwing velocity/accuracy METHODS: 20 elite female handball players (age 22.83 ± 1.52 years, weight 69.16 ± 4.62 kg) were included in the study. The study had an experimental cross-over design in which participants first performed baseline measures. They also performed SMR and DS in two different trials The trials were supervised and separated by 6 weeks. During SMR, the athletes performed a series of foam rolling exercises during 5 minutes for the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint. The same muscles were stretched for 5 minutes during the DS trial. Directly after foam rolling and DS, shoulder ROM, throwing velocity and throwing accuracy were measured using a gravity reference goniometer, radar gun and a high speed video camera. ANOVA with repeated measures and t-tests were used to analyze differences between and within groups. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in either shoulder ROM, throwing velocity or throwing accuracy between the three trials. There was a moderate correlation between shoulder extension and mean accuracy (r = 0.62; p = 0.004) after DS. CONCLUSION: An acute bout of upper body SMR does not affect ROM and does not improve throwing velocity or throwing accuracy compared to baseline or DS among elite female handball players. Nor could any correlation between ROM and throwing velocity or throwing accuracy be observed. Introduction As a handball player, it is crucial to throw the ball as fast as possible with good accuracy in order to score. A well-executed training program is crucial, whereby coaches and athletes all over the world are trying to refine and optimize training programs in order to increase the athletes' performance (Van den Tillaar, 2004). There is a wide spread use of Self Myofascial Release (SMR) among recreational gym members and professional athletes as a way to improve performance, increase range of motion (ROM) and improve recovery (Castiglione, 2008, Clark & Russell, 2009 & Boyle, 2009). During the last five years and


The meaning of the term reality is the central concern of traditional philosophy. Metaphysical realists try to illuminate truth, objectivity and rationality in terms of reality. But a conceptual analysis of the term reality suggests that the meaning of the term reality is to be explained by reference to specific evidence available in commonsense and scientific practice, and philosophy has no way to articulate an interpretation of reality beyond or above commonsense and science. It follows that we need no longer a philosophy of reality or a metaphysical realism, and the attack on contemporary philosophical trends by so called "realists" is largely pointless.


Automatic evaluation of visual tracking algorithms in the absence of ground truth is a very challenging and important problem. In the context of online appearance modeling, there is an additional ambiguity involving the correctness of the appearance model. In this paper, we propose a novel performance evaluation strategy for tracking systems based on particle filter using a time reversed Markov chain. Starting from the latest observation, the time reversed chain is propagated back till the starting time t = 0 of the tracking algorithm. The posterior density of the time reversed chain is also computed. The distance between the posterior density of the time reversed chain (at t = 0) and the prior density used to initialize the tracking algorithm forms the decision statistic for evaluation. It is postulated that when the data is generated true to the underlying models, the decision statistic takes a low value. We empirically demonstrate the performance of the algorithm against various common failure modes in the generic visual tracking problem. Finally, we derive a small frame approximation that allows for very efficient computation of the decision statistic.


In a completely randomized design, the experimental material should be homogeneous. Usually, the
experimental materials are not so homogeneous in nature, particularly in agricultural eld experiments.
In such a situation, the principle of local control is adopted and the experimental material is grouped into homogeneous subgroups. In this paper, cow milk data are used and applied four different types of treatments. The yield of a cow is analyzed and
interpreted using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results are explored, tabulated and interpreted


Certain special kinetic terms in supersymmetric field theories lead to exactly marginal operators in the sense of renormalization flow. Such terms are shown to arise naturally in 2-dimensional σ-models describing 4-dimensional superstring compactification, but many other models can also contain them. They are closely related to chiral gauge and gravitational anomalies on one hand and Ricci-flatness on the other.


The optimal simulation model is established according to theory of system engineering for Xiabandi Reservoir runoff regulation. The model is solved by method of human computer dialogue. It is shown by simulation result that the model is feasible, the method is correct and reasonable. The normal and dead water level are recommended based on the comparison and analysis.


Surveys and economic analyses conducted in various cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) plantations adopting mixed cropping systems in Kerala and Karnataka, India indicated that inclusion of black pepper (Piper nigrum) or coffee (Coffea arabica) and arecanut (Areca catechu) was highly renumerative giving high cost-benefit ratios.


The invention discloses an automatic control method of workpiece-carrying injection molding. Automatic control of workpiece-carrying injection molding is completed through a rotor handling system, wherein a robot arm handling system is arranged near the side of an injection molding machine in a hanging manner, and automatic feeding of an embedded member of the injection molding machine and procedures of automatic grabbing and automatic placing of a finished injection molding workpiece are realized through a pneumatic control system and a program control system, wherein the robot arm handling system is provided with a grabbing mechanism which is composed of an air cylinder-controlled horizontal extending mechanism, and an air cylinder-controlled finished injection molding workpiece grabber mechanism, a small air cylinder-controlled embedded member compacting mechanism and a small air cylinder-controlled embedded member extending and compacting mechanism. The invention further discloses a robot handling system. The robot handling system is an automatic system which is high in automation degree, high in production efficiency and strong in universality, and is capable of lightening the labor intensity of manual operation, and realizing the automatic feeding of the embedded member of the injection molding machine and automatic grabbing and automatic placing of the finished injection molding workpiece.


Objective:The effect of the different components of Caesal pinia minax Hance on the concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 in THP-1 were studied.Methods:The concentration of IL6 and IL8 in THP-1 were measured by ELISA after THP-1 was treated with EAc extractive from ethanol extract of Caesal pinia minax Hance.Results:The contents of IL6 and IL8 in THP-1 were significantly reduced by the components of Caesal pinia minax Hance.Conclusion:The contents of IL6 and IL8 could be decreased by the different components of Caesal pinia minax Hance.So the different components of Caesal pinia minax Hance had certain clinical significance to the diagnosis of periodontitis.


AIM
To examine the psychometric properties of an instrument used to evaluate the work environment of direct care nurses employed in hospital settings.

BACKGROUND
Healthy work environments are associated with increased retention and high-quality patient care.

METHODS
Items for the instrument were based on the American Association of Critical Care Nurses' standards for a healthy work environment. Six items measured the individual's contribution to the work environment and six measured co-workers' contributions. Each item was graded on a scale from 'A=well above average' to 'F=failing'. The instrument was administered by nurse leaders to 210 direct care nurses in six hospitals.

RESULTS
The Cronbach α was 0.75 for the self-rating subscale and 0.89 for the co-workers rating subscale. Administrators rated their co-workers significantly higher [n=32, mean (M)=2.69, standard deviation (SD)=0.63] than direct care nurses rated theirs (n=209, M=2.31, SD=0.83, P=0.03). Direct care nurses intending to stay in nursing rated co-workers significantly higher (n=170, M=2.35, SD=0.81) than those not intending to stay (n=22, M=1.87, SD=0.81, P=0.01).

CONCLUSION
The instrument is a feasible, reliable and valid method for assessing the work environment.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
The instrument can be used to assess the relationship of the work environment to nurse retention in hospitals.


We use monthly data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation and the Current Population Survey to estimate the effect of the minimum wage. Minimum wage increases significantly reduce the employment of the most vulnerable groups in the working-age population—young adults without a high school degree (aged 20–24), young black adults and teenagers (aged 16–24), and teenagers (aged 16–19). While we also find that minimum wage increases significantly reduce the overall employment of young adults and teenagers, these more vulnerable subpopulations are even more adversely affected.


[1] Measurements of the aerosol total light scattering coefficient, σsp, and the aerosol hemispheric backscatter ratio, β(1), as functions of relative humidity (RH in %) (so-called humidographs) at three wavelengths (450, 550, and 700 nm) were obtained in the dry season in southern Africa (1) in ambient air in South Africa, Botswana, Mozambique and Zambia, (2) at various distances downwind in identifiable smoke plumes from biomass fires, and (3) along the southwest coast of Africa. The ratio of σsp at an RH of 80% to that at 30% provides a measure of the effects of RH on σsp, and similarly for β(1). For the three broad sampling categories given above, and at a wavelength of 550 nm, these ratios varied from 1.42 ± 0.05 to 2.07 ± 0.03 for σsp, and from 0.69 ± 0.05 to 0.99 ± 0.14 for β(1). In general, humidographs for the ambient air samples showed a greater dependence on RH than those for smoke from identifiable biomass fires. During a period when dense, aged smoke was transported to the region from the north, the humidographs for σsp for ambient air samples were similar to those for identifiable smoke plume samples just ∼10- to 50-min old. This suggests that as far as the effects of RH on σsp are concerned the effects of aging of smoke and its mixing with ambient air are realized within less than about an hour.


Starting with a parabolic problem whose solutions can be approximated by a suitable approximation process, we show how to modify the approximation process when the differential operator is perturbed with a first order term.


This paper explores how social capital is related with self-rated health status in Japan and how this relationship is affected by gender, using data for 3075 adult participants in the 2000 Social Policy and Social Consciousness (SPSC) survey. Controlling for endogenous bias, unobserved city size- and area-specific fixed effects, I find that social capital has a significant positive influence on health status for females but not for males. If samples are limited to persons with a job, social capital effects drastically decrease and the difference between genders diminishes. This empirical study provides evidence that people without a job can afford to allocate time to accumulate social capital and thereby improve their health status.


In present work distribution of perfect direct and inverted repeats in a set of bacterial genomes was analysed. Complementary cumulative distribution functions of repeat frequency for 36 bacterial strains are nonrandom and have certain characteristic features. Inverse relation of direct repeats frequency to recombinogenic activity is shown for reference E. сoli К-12 strain and P. aeruginosa strain with hyperrecombinogenic RecA protein. In general, direct repeat frequency is higher in nonpathogenic strains than that in pathogens.


The nitrate reductase of Ipomoea sp. (morning glory) grown in suspension culture on a chemically defined medium is induced by nitrate. The developmental pattern of the enzyme shows three peaks of enzyme activity: peak I during the initial stages of growth, peak II during the exponential growth, and peak III just before the onset of the stationary phase of growth. The full induction of nitrate reductase by nitrate is dependent on the availability of a source of energy, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. After 24 h of growth high levels of nitrate reductase are detected in the presence of casein hydrolysate and ammonium pyrrolidine carboxylate and an appreciable level in the presence of nitrite and ammonium as nitrogen sources. Glutamine, asparagine, and amino acids are also regulators of nitrate reductase synthesis whether they are used as sole nitrogen sources or as additives in nitrate media. When used as sole nitrogen source the amino acids generally fall into three distinct classes. Amino acids in the f...


We resort to a Bayesian framework and design knowledge-aided (KA) Rao and Wald tests for radar adaptive detection based on the partially homogeneous model, which outperform their conventional counterparts in heterogeneous environment. Meanwhile, the coincidence of the proposed detectors is proved.


The problem of the assessment of shipping pools under Article 81 is novel. This chapter focuses on a specific aspect of the application of Article 81(1), namely whether shipping pools are likely to have the object of restricting competition under this provision. It first examines the commercial background to tramp shipping pools. It then analyses the contractual relationships involved in a pool. Next, the chapter highlights the main issues arising in the competitive assessment of shipping pools. It also discusses the uncertainty surrounding the objective and enforcement standard to be applied under Article 81 and argues that this provision aims at maximising social welfare through a consumer harm standard. Finally, the chapter applies the conclusions reached in the discussion of the objective and enforcement standard under Article 81 to the question whether shipping pools are an infringement of Article 81(1) by object. Keywords: Article 81(1); competition law; tramp shipping pools


Cognitive Radio Networks aim at enhancing spectrum utilization by allowing cognitive devices to opportunistically access vast portions of the spectrum. To reach such ambitious goal, cognitive terminals must be geared with enhanced spectrum management capabilities including the detection of unused spectrum holes (spectrum sensing), the characterization of available bands (spectrum decision), the coordination with other cognitive devices in the access phase (spectrum sharing), and the capability to handover towards other spectrum holes when licensed users kick in or if a better spectrum opportunity becomes available (spectrum mobility).

In this paper, a game theoretic framework is proposed to evaluate spectrum management functionalities in Cognitive Radio Networks. The spectrum selection process is cast as a non-cooperative game among secondary users who can opportunistically select the "best" spectrum opportunity, under the tight constraint not to harm primary licensed users. Different quality measures for the spectrum opportunities are considered and evaluated in the game framework, including the spectrum bandwidth, and the spectrum opportunity holding time. The cost of spectrum mobility is also accounted in the analytical framework. Numerical results are reported to assess the quality of the game equilibria.


Context. The variation of supergranule cell sizes with the magnetic environment is still controversial. Aims. We study this relation in detail to understand the discrepancies observed between previous results. Methods. We determine the cell size using divergence of horizontal flows derived from local correlation tracking of intensity maps (MDI/SOHO). We study the variation of the cell size as a function of the magnetic field inside the cell. We also consider which component of the magnetic field most influences the cell size. Results. Our main conclusion is that there are no large cells when the magnetic field (in absolute value) averaged over the cell is large. This is mostly due to the magnetic field inside the cell (intranetwork fields), while strong network magnetic fields (at the cell boundary) are associated with larger cells. Further studies of the evolution of the cells and of the flux imbalance suggest that a high level of weak fields may prevent the formation of large cells. This is compatible with the expectation that strong magnetic fields should prevent large-scale flows. Conclusions. The relation between the local activity level determined by the average magnetic field inside the cells and the supergranule size is not linear. Furthermore, it strongly depends on the definition of the activity level (magnetic field inside the cell or magnetic network) and on the magnetic sensitivity of the data. This last point probably explains at least partially the conflicting results obtained up to now.


In quantum cosmology, one has to select a specific wave function solution of the quantum state equations under consideration in order to obtain concrete results. The simplest choices have been already explored, in different frameworks, yielding, in many cases, quantum bounces. As there is no consensually established boundary condition proposal in quantum cosmology, we investigate the consequences of enlarging known sets of initial wave functions of the Universe, in the specific framework of the Wheeler–DeWitt equation interpreted along the lines of the de Broglie–Bohm quantum theory, on the possible quantum bounce solutions which emerge from them. In particular, we show that many asymmetric quantum bounces are obtained, which may incorporate non-trivial back-reaction mechanisms, as quantum particle production around the bounce, in the quantum background itself. In particular, the old hypothesis that our expanding Universe might have arisen from quantum fluctuations of a fundamental quantum flat space-time is recovered, within a different and yet unexplored perspective.


The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge has the longest main span of 2,023m in the world, and the total span length between anchorages reaches 4,163m. The bridge is located at the North-eastern end of the Çanakkale Strait in Türkiye which is one of navigation channels with the most heavy traffic and windy condition. The planning, design and erection of catwalk system as an aerial workspace for main cable erection raised various technical challenges against extreme loadings such as strong winds and earthquake. The specific behaviour of catwalk under lateral loads was taken in account to FE analysis model development and wind tunnel test supported to investigate the aerodynamic stability of catwalk system. Catwalk has the width of 4.5m, which supported by 12 spiral strand ropes with a diameter of 50mm and MBL of 2,100kN. Catwalk was divided at each tower top and storm system was not included. During construction of catwalk, suspender system ensured the minimum clearance of 70m from the sea level for marine traffic. After the completion of catwalk floor erection, to balance the horizontal forces on tower top during PPWS erection, the tower top had to be offset from their final position. The steel tower's flexibility was quite sufficient to the required pull back amount of approx. 1.7m in European tower and 2.6m in Asian tower


Groundwater tables are rising beneath irrigated fields in some areas of the Lower Burdekin in North Queensland, Australia. The soils where this occurs are predominantly sodic clay soils with low hydraulic conductivities. Many of these soils have been treated by applying gypsum or by increasing the salinity of irrigation water by mixing saline groundwater with fresh river water. While the purpose of these treatments is to increase infiltration into the surface soils and improve productivity of the root zone, it is thought that the treatments may have altered the soil hydraulic properties well below the root zone leading to increased groundwater recharge and rising water tables. In this paper we discuss the use of column experiments and HYDRUS modelling, with major ion reaction and transport and soil water chemistry-dependent hydraulic conductivity, to assess the likely depth, magnitude and timing of the impacts of surface soil amelioration on soil hydraulic properties below the root zone and hence groundwater recharge. In the experiments, columns of sodic clays from the Lower Burdekin were leached for extended periods of time with either gypsum solutions or mixed cation salt solutions and changes in hydraulic conductivity were measured. Leaching with a gypsum solution for an extended time period, until the flow rate stabilised, resulted in an approximately twenty fold increase in the hydraulic conductivity when compared with a low salinity, mixed cation solution. HYDRUS modelling was used to highlight the role of those factors which might influence the impacts of soil treatment, particularly at depth, including the large amounts of rain during the relatively short wet season and the presence of thick low permeability clay layers.


From the point of view of economic externalities,the paper based on research development and utilization status of Hangzhou Bay wetlands to explore the diseconomic externalities generated by the wetlands of Hangzhou Bay's development.the response to these diseconomic externalities,the author puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions in order to overcome the external diseconomies resulting from the development of wetlands,the paper provides a realistic basis with a view to development of the Hangzhou Bay wetlands.


Abstract The accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the displacement loop (D-Loop) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been identified for their association with cancer risk in a number of cancers. We investigated the colon cancer risk profile of D-Loop SNPs in a case–control study. The frequent alleles of nucleotides 73G/A, 146T/C, 195T/C, 324C/G, 16261C/T, and 16304T/C as well as the minor allele of 309C/C insert were significantly associated with an increased risk for colon cancer. In conclusion, SNPs in the mtDNA D-Loop were found to be valuable markers for colon cancer risk evaluation.


Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (POCS) is a mystery disorder with mysterious multiple players characterized by their mystic effects on disease pathophysiology resulting in various phenotypic pictures among the PCOS population. The Luteinizing hormone beta subunit (LH-B) (protein ID P01229) is a gonadotropin hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary belongs to the glycoprotein family, mapped on (chr19p13.3) and consists of three exons. It has a central role in promoting ovulation via stimulation of ovarian steroidogenesis. Objectives: This is a prospective laboratory-based cross-sectional study to determine genetic mutations associate with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among (30) Sudanese families ((cases n=35 families, 90 females, and (controls n= 11 families, 30 females) in Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA), enzymatic methods, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used to analyze both the biochemical parameters and polymorphism detection followed by Sanger sequencing for genotyping in addition to bioinformatics software for protein structure and function. Results: All the biochemical parameters levels of (FBG, LH, Testosterone, Insulin, and lipid profile) elevated from the control group were statistically significant except for the serum FSH (cases=5.4{+/-}4.6, controls=5.3{+/-}2.8) and PRL ((cases=12.4{+/-}8.2, controls=8.0{+/-}6.1)) which were statistically insignificant p=0.94 and p=0.06. After Sanger sequencing; (5) single nucleotide polymorphisms ((rs5030775, A18T), rs746167425, R22K), (rs1800447, W28R), (rs35270001, H30R) and (rs34349826, I35T)) located on (exon 2) of the LH beta gene was statistically significant with serum LH, Testosterone, and insulin levels among PCOS families. Conclusion: This is the first molecular identification of a family-based study in Sudan exploring the genetic of the LHB gene and interrelated its serum level with PCOS manifestation. The revelation of these mutations will give a clue to the genetic inheritance mode links and might explain the abnormal poor response of controlled ovarian stimulation tests in some PCOS women.


Fake news, viruses on computer systems or infectious diseases on communities are some of the problems that are addressed by researchers dedicated to study complex networks. The immunization process is the solution to these challenges and hence the importance of obtaining immunization strategies that control these spreads. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of the DIL-Wα ranking in the immunization of nodes that are attacked by an infectious disease that spreads on an edge-weighted graph using a graph-based SIR model. The experimentation was done on real and scale-free networks and the results illustrate the benefits of this ranking.


This paper discusses the necessity of cultivating students' creative ability in college physical education,,in-depth analy-sis of content of the concept of innovation of students,exploratory study of college physical education to cultivate the path of in-novation,and strive to further promote the reform of college physical education,to enhance the university's innovative ability of literacy,training colleges and universities to achieve the target successfully.


Given a reductive group G and a reductive subgroup H , both defined over a number field F , we introduce the notion of the H-distinguished automorphic spectrum of G and analyze it for the pairs (GL2n, Spn) and (Sp2n, Spn × Spn). In the first case we give a complete description using results of Jacquet–Rallis, Offen and Yamana. In the second case we give an upper bound, generalizing vanishing results of Ash–Ginzburg–Rallis and a lower bound, extending results of Ginzburg–Rallis–Soudry.


Electrically conductive nanocomposite elastomers are widely used in wearable electronics and for monitoring personal health owing to their great stretchability and flexibility. However, working as interconnectors to transmit signals, the conductive elastomer is limited due to the large resistance variation under deformation that results in inaccuracy and reliability issues of the whole system. Herein, a new technology employing a Miura‐ori metastructure, together with surface buckling structure, into the nanocomposite elastomer system to fabricate a highly electrically stable conductive elastomer under deformation is reported. As a comparison, conductive elastomers with three different structures, namely Miura‐ori, wavy, and plane structures, are fabricated from multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and Ecoflex. Metal films are deposited on top of these three structures to enhance the conductivity of the composite system and to further verify the attachment‐enhanced structural ability. The Miura‐ori structure, together with a buckled surface, is able to reduce stress concentration at local points under stretching, which helps provide the nanocomposite elastomers with highly improved electrical stability.


Objective To evaluate the predictive power of the proximal-to-distal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude ratios in facial nerve outcomes after surgery and early facial nerve reconstruction. Methods The study was done by comparing the relationship between the proximal-to-distal CMAP amplitude ratios and facial nerve H-B grading 2 weeks and 6 months after operation. Results The ratios of proximal-to-distal CMAP amplitude were greater than 0.3 when their facial nerve function resumed to Grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ 6 months after surgery. Conclusion The proximal-to-distal CMAP amplitude ratios can predict postoperative final facial nerve function, so they provide us with direct instructions in facial nerve reconstruction.


Developmental dyslexia is one of the most common disorders in childhood and adolescence (prevalence around 4–12%). Molecular genetic studies have shown that genetic factors undoubtedly play an important role in the emergence of dyslexia. If a child is affected with dyslexia, the risk for a sibling being affected is 34–45% and/or that for one parent being affected is 40–46%. Molecular genetic studies will help to find the genes that play a role in the development of learning to read and write. The chromosomal location of 7 loci are confirmed on chromosomes 15q21 (=DYX1; MIM #127700), 6p22 (=DYX2; MIM %600202), 2p15 (=DYX3; MIM %604254), 3p12-q13 (=DYX5; MIM %606896) and 18p11 (=DYX6; MIM %606616), 1p36-p34 (=DYX8; MIM %608995) und Xq27 (=DYX9; MIM %300509). On the basis of segregation analysis and molecular genetic findings, one assumes usually a complex inheritance, however, the inheritance in some families is autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance.


As a new-style carrier to immobilize enzyme,china granule was used in the immobilization of papain by physical adsorption in the experiment.The china granule should be treated with the phosphoric acid buffer before immobilization.The results of the experiment demonstrated that the optimum conditions for immobilization were as follows: the range of optimum concentration of solution papain was 1.0-(2.0 mg/mL),pH value was 7.0 and the time for immobilization was 2 h.The maximal activity of the immobility papain was 111.1 U/g and the activity recovery of the immobility papain was 57.9%.The optimum pH values of immobility papain for reaction was 6.0-8.0 and the optimum temperature for fixed papain to react was 60-70 ℃.The activity of the immobility papain has been maintained more than 50% at 70 ℃ for 4 h,and its operation half-life time was 54 d.The results indicated: China granule has better and faster adsorptive power;The immobilization of papain using china granule was much steadier than the solution papain at different pH and temperature conditions.And the immobilization of papain has longer time of reserve.


Through analyzing soil samples collected in a field at Shaanxi Wugong,the response of AM fungi to plant breeds and its biotic environment were compared in this paper.Soil samples were collected from 0~10,10~20,20~30 and 30~40 cm depth soil layers in the rhizosphere of 3 breeds CaiGe,YaoGe and FenGe.The result indicated that different plant breeds and different soil layers significantly affected AM fungi colonization and spatial distribution.Different breeds of the plant had different colonization.Total colonization rate and vesicle,hypha colonization rate of CaiGe were 98.85%,82.79%,95.96%,separately,which was higher than that of YaoGe and FenGe.Arbuscule colonization of FenGe was significantly higher than that of YaoGe,spore density of YaoGe was 7.95 fungi/g soil,significantly higher than that of CaiGe and FenGe.The highest spore density,hypha colonization and arbuscule colonization occurred in 0~10 cm soil layer.The maximum value of the vesicle colonization appeared in 10~20 cm soil layer.Soil Organic matter had significantly positive effect on arbuscule colonization rate.Soil pH value had a significant negative correlation with total colonization rate and hypha colonization rate.Most of AM fungi in the soil sample belonged to Glomus,a few of species belonged to Acaulospora and Scutellospora.The concrete type need to be identified further.


An application of discrete-event simulation is performed on an unique outpatient primary care clinic serving a military population at Fort Sill, OK. Access to the clinic is on an exclusively walk-in basis. Arrivals occur primarily in batches; arrival times and batch sizes are stochastic in nature. The nursing and medical staffs available each day also follow a stochastic process. The arrival process is characterized through discrete distributions. Several alternatives are modeled to examine procedural changes that may result in improved patient flow and provider utilization. A hybrid appointment/walk-in model was determined to have the best promise for improvement, but the possible benefits it may yield do not seem to justify the costs of its implementation in this setting. Possible applications of the hybrid model to other facilities such as urgent care facilities are discussed.


On the issues raised by Sadeghi, we were able to include only 74 patients in our study because of time constraints and the relatively low prevalence of neonatal cholestasis syndrome at this institute. Four patients (5.4% of all included patients, not 7.4% as mentioned by Sadeghi) were lost to follow-up. This was the first time that phenobarbitone (PB) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) were compared along with placebo in a sample of nonexcretors. A small sample size and inherent referral bias in hospital-based studies are important limitations of our study. We are aware that the bulk of the medical literature supports the use of PB-augmented hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) for differentiation between neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia; however, there are some studies, such as those by Ben-Haim et al. [2] and Charearnrad et al. [3], that contradict the use of PB. Although PB also led to a change in the excretion pattern (two patients) in our study, it was statistically nonsignificant. Similarly, in the UDCA group, one patient became excretor and even in the placebo group one patient turned excretor from the non-excretor group. On comparing the results of three groups, it is very difficult to establish whether the change in the excretion pattern was because of the effect of drugs or whether it occurred with time. To achieve the desired level of serum PB more than or equal to 15 mcg/ml, PB has to be administered for a minimum of 5–6 days and UDCA is required to be administered at the requisite dose for 3–5 days for an optimal action. This delays the HBS by at least 1 week or more and substantial observational evidence suggests that early diagnosis and surgical treatment yields excellent results in early stages of disease [4]. A delay of 7–10 days in the diagnosis of biliary atresia in this context does not seem to be appropriate.


Records of 776 Nellore cows from a herd raised at Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were analyzed to determine the cow mature weight and to estimate their genetic and phenotypic parameters. A previous analysis showed that month and season of birth were not important sources of variation for the cow mature weight. This trait was influenced most by the month when the cows were weighted (April or July) and by the age of the cow (4 to 14 years, at the midpoints of the intervals). It was then used a linear mixed model that included the fixed effects of age of the cow and month of the weighing, combined in 22 classes, and the animal genetic additive effects. The average cow mature weight was 458 kg, varying from 330 through 585 kg, with a standard deviation of 39 kg and cows were in average 7.6 years old. The phenotypic, genetic and environmental variances were 1,544, 561, and 983 kg2, respectively, resulting on a heritability estimate of 0.36. The predicted genetic values for cow mature weight ranked from - 40.1 kg through + 44.4 kg, showing that success may be attained by including this new trait as an alternative selection criteria for the Brazilian Nellore genetic improvement programs.


The centenary of Alfred Werner's Nobel Prize in Chemistry has prompted this retrospect on his important contributions for the development of stereochemistry and for the understanding of the nature of the coordination compounds. His genealogy has been described, including a discussion on the famous Jorgensen-Werner controversy. As an extension, it has also been reported the German biography of Heinrich Rheinboldt, the founder of the Chemistry School at the University of Sao Paulo, and his relation with Werner's scientific heritage.


Molecular resists are of increasing interest as a route to improving the resolution - line width roughness - sensitivity trade-off of resists for next generation lithography. We have previously presented a three component fullerene derivative based negative tone chemically amplified resist capable of ~12 nm sparse feature size, ~20 nm half pitch, sub 5 nm line width roughness, sub 10 μC/cm2 sensitivity, and high etch durability with electron beam lithography. In order to further improve the performance of the resist we have studied the use of acid quenchers on the performance of the resist. We evaluated six quenching additives including five base additives and a triphenylsulfonium photoacid generator that also shows a quenching effect. The sensitivity and resolution of the resist were evaluated as the proportion of the quencher was varied with respect to the other resist components. Certain quenchers were seen to strongly suppress the sensitivity of the resist, even at low concentrations, whilst an amide base actually enhanced the sensitivity at the cost of resolution. Improvements over the previous best feature width and half pitch were not achieved, but it was possible to reduce the effects of beam defocusing on sidewall angle indicating an improvement in contrast for certain additives.


A poststructuralist feminist reading of Herbert Simon's construct, bounded rationality, is prevented in this article. Following from this notion. It is maintained that even though bounded rationality provides a modified critique of "pure" rationality, this concept is grounded in male-centered assumptions that exclude alternative modes of organizing. Through a feminist deconstructive process, bounded emotionality is Introduced as an alternative organizing construct. The premises, conditions of organizing, and implications of this alternative are discussed and illustrated. Finally, theorists are urged to move beyond the traditional dichotomy between rationality and emotionality. In order to question the assumptions that underlie traditional constructs and to create new grounds for future theoretical activities.


Mooney's version of the molecular theory of polymer networks has been generalized to the case when the external strain applied in the isotropic state is different from that at network formation. As in the theory of equilibrium behavior of the polymer networks, this generalization allows inclusion in the viscoelastic functions of effects connected with the temperature dependence of internal energy of the chains and with the strain effect of the solvent. From viscoelastic functions thus generalized, it is possible to derive a relation for calculation of the monomeric friction coefficient. It also suggests the possibility of superposing data obtained at various temperatures, degrees of swelling, and condition of network formation.


The history of the creation and main ideas of the construction of Mei Moses Fine Art Price Index, which is used for the US art-market analysis, low correlation of the art index with other assets are considered in the work. The values of Mei-Moses fine art index from 1875 to 1999 are given. Statistical data of annual returns and risks for different types of investments of the US financial market from 1955 to 2004 are given. The conclusion of the important role of the art investment as a way of the diversification of any port folio is made.


Abstract Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zeo (Boddie), were simultaneonsly administered Heliothis zea and Authographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (HzSNPV and AcMNPV, respectively). These viruses are classified within the Baculoviridae (subfamily Eubaculovirinae) and are known to he pathogenic to H. zea. When viruses were simultaneously introduced, significant reductions of median lethal dose (LD50) estimates occurred for second- and fourth-instars. However, statistical analysis to determine the virus ratio which optimized LD50 estimates found that second-instars were most susceptible to treatments containing HzSNPV alone. Analysis of fourth-instars indicated that a viral mixture of 65% HzSNPV and 35% AcMNPV resulted in significantly lower LD50 estimates than either of the viruses as single infections. Similar studies involving median survival time (ST50) analysis indicated that viral mixtures significantly reduced the time required between infection and mortality.


Objective To investigate the safety and therapeutic effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) in bolique supine position for the treatment of senile and high-risk patients with kidney stones.Methods The data of 32 senile and high-risk patients with kidney stones treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy in oblique supine position between March 2007 and October 2011,were analysed retrospectively.They were treated preoperatively to minimize risk of operation,then performed pereutaneous nephrolithotomy in oblique supine position.Results All the procedures were performed successfully.The operative time was 12-75 min(mean 45 min).The mean hospital stay was 8.6 d,26 cases were rendered free of stones by initial PCNL,and PCNL was performed in 3 cases to clear the residual stones,other 3 cases by ESWL.The stone free rate was 87.5%.There were no severe hemorhage in these cases,no pelvic or ureter perforation was recorded,one case required blood transfusion,fever happened postoperatively in 5 cases.Conclusions Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in oblique supine position has less trauma and high safety advantages,especially for the senile,high-risk patients with kidney stones.


A hybrid model, called the hybrid plasma equipment model, was used to study inductively coupled SF6 plasmas used for Si etching applications. The plasma properties such as number densities of electrons, positive and negative ions, and neutrals are calculated under typical etching conditions. The electron kinetics is analysed by means of the electron energy probability function. The plasma chemistry taking place in pure SF6 and in an Ar/SF6 mixture is also discussed, and finally the effect of the argon fraction on the plasma properties is investigated.


The J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference, the annual thermometer for the health of the life sciences industry, indicates that 2019 could be an active year for deal making. The conference kicked off with several big acquisitions, all focused on strengthening big pharma's position in the competitive—and lucrative—cancer drug market. On the opening day of the meeting, attendees woke up to news that Eli Lilly and Company had offered $8 billion for Loxo Oncology. Loxo gives Lilly a pipeline of small molecules that address specific genetic drivers of cancer. They include the recently approved Vitrakvi, a TRK fusion inhibitor, which in November 2018 became the first small molecule to score US Food and Drug Administration approval for use based on the genetic profiles of people with cancer, rather than the location of their tumors. In addition to winning this so-called tissue-agnostic approval, Vitrakvi is notable for its swift path to market; it


The fixed threshold can not be adjusted to characteristics of concepts among objects in algorithms for determin-ing the membership concepts based on cloud model,which makes them against the adjustability of algorithms.The algorithm for generating self-adaptive thresholds is proposed according to the 3σ rule in cloud model,and is applied to determine mem-bership concepts,based on which the new algorithm for determining membership concepts is produced.The new algorithm ex-tends characteristics of concepts among objects to universal law of cognition,and is widely applied to uncertain qualitative and quantitative transition problems.


Measurements of the radiation torque on a birefringent plate1 provided early macroscopic evidence that the angular momentum per photon in a pure circularly polarized state is ℏ. Recently, the spin-up of small particles illuminated by circularly polarized light was observed.2 Spin-up was apparently due to radiation torques; however, details of the experiment were not given. We calculate the torque on isotropic spheres illuminated by a circularly polarized plane wave. The formulation of the other fundamental cross sections by Mie (1908) and Debye (1909) for homogeneous isotropic spheres give the well-known efficiency factors3 for scattering, absorption, extinction, and radiation pressure usually designated by Qsca, Qabs. Qext, and Qpr, respectively.


The aim of this article is to explain why the number of shareholder class actions is increasing. Indeed, the thesis advanced in this article is that there has been a convergence of factors that has led, and will continue to lead to greater litigation in relation to shareholder claims – a perfect storm. The rise of the shareholder class action may be explained through the transformation theory of how experiences become grievances which in turn become disputes. This article explains how developments in law and society have combined to promote shareholder class actions. The 'perfect storm' analogy is adopted because of the unique interaction of factors which would be less powerful if they had occurred alone. The effect of these factors, in combination, has been to increase the likelihood of shareholder class actions. This article also stands in contrast to past scholarship that has argued that the legal avenues for shareholders who have suffered loss to obtain redress are characterised by economic disincentives and difficulties in establishing substantive rights.


The objective of the research study is to examine uncertain aerial intelligence expressed by the interval number as a decision making approach for air defense campaign commanding.First,the research explored the process of how the interval number is converted into connection numbers and triangle function expressions.After this process,the study reviewed the inference of an intention model and as a result of the triangle function expression under uncertain aerial testing data was analyzed.The target intention data collected disclosed an inferred comparative sequencing pattern was used in the study.The known vector was used as a reference sequence,modules of triangle function expressions were calculated by a cluster analysis to distinguish a target and uncertainty analyses were further completed.As a result,among the recognition of the 3 goals,two target test results confirmed to be same as those achieved when applying other research methods other than inference of an intention model or triangle function expression under uncertain aerial testing.However,an additional target test performed results indicate deterministic calculations and uncertainty analysis were effective,objective and applicable and may provide critical decision making support for air defense campaign commanding procedures.


The influence of three management training programs (MT) for first line supervisors (foremen) upon organizational climate were evaluated using a questionnaire design with repeated testing and statistical controls. The main objective for two of the three MT programs under study was to change the organizational climate in a direction that would facilitate learning at work. Results indicate that the most process-oriented training program did change the organizational climate, as perceived by the supervisors, but paradoxically in an apparently negative direction, especially as far as interpersonal conflicts and supervisorial skills were concerned. This finding is interpreted as reflecting changes in supervisors' perception of organizational climate without any necessary 'real' change in the climate itself. The supervisors' increased awareness of organizational climate factors was, on a theoretical basis, considered to facilitate learning at work, thus explaining the apparent paradox.


This work aims to analyse the mechanisms and factors contributing to shallow soil landslides in river valleys entrenched in lowlands using the Central Radunia Valley as an example. The combination of susceptibility analysis using geographic-information-system-based statistical models, field surveys, analysis of archival materials, and numerical modelling using FLAC2D software (https://www.itascacg.com/software/flac2d, accessed on 10 January 2023) for the analysis of slope stability and hydrogeological processes allows for comprehensive landslide reconstruction, mass movement mechanism description, and an explanation of the role of triggering and causal factors. The results emphasise the need for cross-disciplinary studies of shallow soil landslides. The identification and periodisation of the causal factors indicate that geomorphological conditions play a particularly important role. The current study shows that the greatest influence on landslide formation in the Central Radunia Valley is slope angle, as determined using a high-resolution digital elevation model. The slope angle factor is sufficient to produce a reliable susceptibility map (the areas under the curve of the success rate and prediction rate curves are 87.84% and 85.34%, respectively). However, numerical modelling of slope failure also clearly indicated that there was a significant influence of anthropogenic impacts on the landslide process. We determined that the main triggering factor causing the January 2019 Rutki landslide was related to the drilling of a borehole on 10 January 2019. The water used for drilling hydrated the soil and thus weakened the stability conditions.


The technical title evaluating standard is a basic standard for guaranteeing the developing level and quality of sci-tech human resource. Many problems exist in our country's technical title evaluating standard such as the unclear definition of the basic conceptions, the irrational component factors, and the co-existence of multiple evaluating standards, etc. Must reform and innovate the standard for increase its scientific level.


For power electronic converter systems of medium-high voltage and large capacity, using of high-voltage and wide-range DC/DC auxiliary power supply(APS) in secondary circuits is essential for these systems' secure operation. However, the existing APS are mainly designed for low-voltage, small power converter systems, so normally, they have low input voltage, narrow input and low efficiency. Therefore, we designed a DC/DC APS for medium-high-voltage, large power converter systems. The APS could work with input of 400~2000 V and output of 24V output. It adopts a two-stage DC/DC topology that helps to realize the wide-range input and isolation. Besides, we derived the transfer function of the APS's forestage converter, presented a small signal model of the APS, and analyzed the APS's stability. Finally, through experiments, the proposed APS is proved to be both valid and feasible.


The structure of one of the trimers of biacetyl (butane-2,3-dione) has been determined unambiguously using a novel n.m.r. technique : anew molecular structure (5) is proposed and discussed in terms of its latent symmetry properties.


The vaccine was prepared from daily broth cultures of pneumococcus by centrifugation followed by dilution of the sediment in physiological solution.


Macrocylic complexes of the lanthanide (III) ions were functionalized to permit their attachment to antibodies, nucleic acid probes, and any other species capable of specific binding. The Eu(III) complex was found to possess a combination of properties (water solubility, inertness to metal release, ligand-sensitized luminescence, reactive peripheral functionalities) that make it suitable as a luminescent marker for bio-substrates. Its coupling to avidin was achieved, and the properties of the resulting conjugate were investigated.