Based on field outcrop,core observation,thin section analysis and SEM observation,the dissolution mechanism of Feixiangguan Formation in PuGuang Gas Field was studied.The result indicates that Feixianguan Formation experiences at least three stages of dissolution,including early atmospheric freshwater dissolution,dissolutions during the liquid hydrocarbon period,and the gaseous hydrocarbon period relative with the TSR.The former two types occurred early,but filled by the third stage dissolution.The third kind of dissolution was the key factor for rebuilding reservoirs,without asphalt filling or just existence in the central of pores.Based on the researches by predecessors,the mechanism of dissolution of TSR was discussed.It is suggested that two kinds of Formation waters with different H2S are mixed into a new type of formation water which breaks the original balance.The formation water without H2S is composed of water which formed by the compaction of resource rock and the fresh water formed by TSR,as a result,the model of dissolution is built.


Newly designed T trap and wind tunnel bioassays demonstrated that attraction of female Eriborus terebrans (Gravenhorst) to larvae of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), was elicited by odors of host plant complex (HPC), frass, corn plants, host larvae, feces, and oral secretion. Female experience had a fundamental influence on behavior, and green and yellow colors were attractive to females in the wind tunnel. Antennation, intensive examination, and probing-oviposition behavior of the parasitoid were readily stimulated in contact bioassays by HPC, host larva silk, frass, oral secretion, and cuticle. Serine and certain other amino acids elicited intensive examination and occasional probing. Volatile and contact chemicals mediating behavior were extractable with hexane, acetone, chloroform, and methanol. The role of vision and the possibility of multiple chemical cues involved in both long- and close-range host-seeking behaviors are discussed.


From Earth to Air: research and scientific divulgation at Centro Museo e Documentazione Storica del Politecnico di Torino. Since their founding, Scuola di applicazione per gl'ingegneri di Torino (founded in 1859) and Regio Museo Industriale (1862), together with the activity in the university, used to give the students the possibility to attend laboratories or workshops, where they could directly apply the concepts learnt. Teachers made use of educational models that aimed to help students with understanding the "anatomy" of a tool, as it could directly be employed and handled. Over the 150 years that make up the history of the Polytechnic University of Turin, many tools have been collected and preserved in its different departments, in addition all the prototypes created for study in the different laboratories. This memory made with the materials is enriched by the one deriving from Professors and students who helped implementing the scientific-technologic culture of our country. Since 1997, CEMED (Centro Museo e Documentazione Storica del Politecnico di Torino) has aimed to collect, restore, preserve, study, manage and divulge the cultural patrimony connected with the story of the University, by organizing related materials and documents. The spread of the scientific and technological culture is one of the main goals of CEMED, but since limitations of space at the Centre do not allow to directly showcase the collections to the public, during the years a lot of activities have been developed. Moreover, in recent years, the meetings with the machine "autopsies" have been intensified thus becoming a new way to meet the public, especially those at the school.


Polymorphic Alu insertions (POALINs) are known to contribute to the strong polymorphic nature of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Previous population studies on MHC POALINs were limited to only Australian Caucasians and Japanese. Here, we report on the individual insertion frequency of the five POALINs within the MHC class I region, their HLA‐A and ‐B associations, and the three and four locus alpha block POALIN haplotype frequencies in the Northeastern (NE) Thai population. Of the five POALINs, the lowest frequency was 0.018 for AluyHF and the highest frequency was 0.292 for AluyHJ and AluyHG. The strongest positive associations between the POALINs and HLA class I alleles was between AluyMICB and HLA‐B*57, AluyHJ and HLA‐A*24 and HLA‐A*01, and AluyHG and HLA‐A*02, supporting previous findings in Caucasians and Japanese. Single POALIN haplotypes were found more frequently than multiple POALIN haplotypes. However, of the seven different POALIN haplotypes within the MHC alpha block, there were only two significant differences between the NE Thais, Caucasians and Japanese. This study confirms that the MHC POALINs are in linkage disequilibrium with HLA‐A and –B alleles and that there are significant frequency differences for some of the POALINs when compared between NE Thai, Caucasians and Japanese.


Tests performed on NaS batteries are reported. The results of safety and abuse testing, shock and vibration tests, cell failure on warm-up, freeze thaw, overtemperature conditions, electrolyte fracture, overdischarge, and short circuit tests are presented along with GEO and LEO cycle tests and the status of the NaS cell flight tests.


La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3 (LSCF) nanoparticles are formed in micropores of La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 2 (LSM)-yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) cathodes by reaction-infiltration method. Bismuth nitrate is added in the precursor nitrate solution for LSCF as the reaction promoter. The LSCF phase is observed at 600° C by the addition of bismuth nitrate, and about 100 nm particle size LSCF(Bi) is homogenously distributed on the LSM-YSZ surface. The electrode impedance of LSM-YSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ cells is examined and has found that the electrode polarization resistance is extremely reduced by the LSCF(Bi) infiltration in LSM-YSZ. The performance of the anode support fuel cell of Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ is examined at 700°C. The LSCF(Bi) infiltrated LSM-YSZ cathode significantly enhanced the cell performance with a 97%H 2 -3 %H 2 fuel at 700°C. The maximum power density of 0.35 W/cm 2 is attended.


The paper proposed an improved data hiding algorithm for binary images.The algorithm partitioned image into blocks firstly,and calculated the eigenvalue for each blocks,then selected the fine visual effect blocks to embed data using the Tseng embedding algorithm.In the process of embedding,"Pixel Flippability Criterion" was used to ensure the best embedding position which existed several embedding positions in the block,thus made the image preserve better visual effect after embedding data.Experiments show that the algorithm is a good steganographic algorithm which combined vision effect and embed capacity.


This study presents a new approach to the optimal placement of voltage sag monitors considering the uncertainties associated with transition resistance. The influence of transition resistance on the magnitude of voltage sags triggered by symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults is analyzed. Then the transition resistance interval set array for voltage sags is established, on the basis of which, a random vector model on voltage sag observability is proposed and related observability indices are defined in the form of conditional probability. The optimal placement model is established by taking the available number of monitors as the constraint condition and the maximum sag global observability index as the objective function. Binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) is implemented to obtain the optimal placement results. Finally, simulation is carried out on IEEE 30-bus system, and it is shown that the proposed optimal monitor placement method is more applicable compared with the traditional MRA method.


Presents a rationale and method for integrating into Clinical Pastoral Education matters concerning applied ethics and the pastor's role in medical ethic matters. Describes student case studies and evaluations of biomedical ethics education within Clinical Pastoral Education and provides an outline and selected bibliography for an ethics presentation.


A model for autonomy-based multi-agent systems aimed at exhibiting emerging properties is proposed. Then, the prerequisites for a distributed implementation are discussed. A preliminary distributed implementation , illustrated by an application to a robotics simulation, is consequently sketched with a strong emphasis on STL, our coordination model, whose aim is to provide powerful coordination mechanisms that do not alter the model's conceptual prescriptions.


The monograph is devoted to the issues of risk management in the organizations of the investment and construction complex. The issues of risk classification are consistently considered, approaches to determining the types and types of risks are established. Attention is paid to approaches to the construction of a risk management mechanism and the specifics of the impact on the identified risks in terms of minimizing possible damage. The issues of state regulation are highlighted, a complex economic problem related to the study of the effectiveness of the chosen strategy of real investment projects based on the use of various methods and models of risk analysis is considered. Modern educational and methodological materials tested in the practice of enterprises and organizations of the construction complex of Moscow and the Moscow region were used.
For a wide range of readers interested in the issues of risk management in construction. It will be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities.


This paper presents an end-to-end massively parallelized procedure for the solution of boundary value problems on Graphics Processing Units (GPU). The proposal is an integrated strategy that not only entails the calculation of nodal contributions, and the stiffness matrix assembly using the Meshless Local Petrov Galerkin Method (MLPG) but also the iterative solution of the system of algebraic equations in combination with methods from the Conjugate Gradient (CG) family. This end-to-end solution is fully developed using the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) platform without the need for extra data movement between the device and host after the matrix assembly. This is possible thanks to the parallel nature of the MLPG; each node designates a thread on the device. The introduced solution is wholly executed in the GPU, with minimal auxiliary structures or global synchronization points. The proposed approach was applied to the solution of a simple electromagnetic problem, and a sevenfold speedup was observed.


The free electron distribution in δ‐doped high electron mobility transistors with pseudomorphic InGaAs wells is calculated self‐consistently. The electron distribution is calculated from the single‐particle wave functions obtained from a four‐band k⋅p theory. The Hartree part of the Coulomb interaction is obtained from the Poisson equation and the exchange‐correlation part from density functional theory within the local‐density approximation. The calculated energy separations between the electron and hole subbands agree well with observed peak positions in photoluminescence data. In addition, it is found that for spacer layers thicker than about 40 A and a δ‐doping density of about 5×1012 cm−2, the δ layer can form a channel as deep as the p well and can draw electrons from the latter.


Computer simulation of the machining of the object due to the movement of the tool is described. Object is represented by a boundary representation (BP) object, BP object includes a boundary representation of the surface of the object, the motion is represented by a set of swept volumes, a pair of swept volume, sweep of the pair including a first set of implicit function defining the surface of the volume. Simulation, and that the second set of implicit functions is determined the proxy object that defines the surface of the proxy object, the machining of the proxy object, and simulated using a set of swept volumes, third includes the set of implicit functions of generating the MP object defining a machined proxy (MP) object surface, and rendering an image of a Boolean intersection between the MP object and BP object .


The efficiency of moral education is always a difficult problem that perplexes the moral education in colleges. How to improve the efficiency of moral education in the new period? We should propose setting up modern moral educotion system to educate students and encourage them. Based on the connotation of moral education sysytem,this paper probes into the problem of how to establish ethical moral education system and build the system environment to construct moral education system in colleges. it also tries to set up a kind of new mode of moral education.


Past studies have revealed solar cycle changes in the sunspot activity, as well as in many other solar parameters, such as, solar flares and solar coronal holes. These solar features in turn produce the observed cyclic variations in the interplanetary plasma and fields. Both the cosmic ray intensity as well as the intensity of geomagnetic disturbances are affected by the interplanetary changes and produce 11/22 year periodicity. An anomalous situation has been noticed during the year 1980 (period of high sunspot activity), when both the geomagnetic disturbance index Ap, as well as the magnitude and number of Forbush decreases as small. Such an anomaly occurs, in spite of the fact that both the sunspot numbers and the energetic solar flares are almost maximum during the present solar cycle.


Inkjet printing has been used to fabricate glucose sensors using glucose oxidase and screen printed carbon electrodes. By appropriate selection of printing and drying conditions we are able to fabricate sensor structures that show a good linear response to glucose concentration. In order to achieve these structures we must carefully control the spreading and drying of the enzyme solution on the carbon electrode. Carbon electrode suirfaces are hydrophobic and Triton X was used as a surfactant to allow full coverage of the electrode surface. During drying, under ambient conditions the enzyme solution segregates to form a ring deposit (coffee staining). Coffee staining is shown to be deleterious to sensor performance and it can be removed by drying in a reduced humidity environment.


The California Journal of Emergency Medicine IV:1,Jul-Oct 2003 Page 51 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Diagnosis of Hip Effusion with Bedside Ultrasound in the Emergency Department Faye Maryann Lee, Medical Student: UCI College of Medicine J. Christian Fox, MD, RDMS: Assistant Clinical Professor, Director of Emergency Ultrasound; UCI Department of Emergency Medicine CASE A 54 year-old male with a history of a septic hip on the right in 1996 and of gout, presented to the ED with left hip pain that was present for one week and spontaneously remitted. It returned again one day prior to his presentation and had remained constant. He denied history of antecedent skin sores, trauma, or injury to his left hip. He reported no risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and denied fevers, chills, nausea or vomiting. His last gouty flare- up was one year prior, though he had never experienced a flare-up in his hips. The patient did report multiple prior joint aspirations for gout, including aspiration of his right ankle. He also reported a history of peptic ulcer disease and lumbar degenerative joint disease. In 1996 the patient underwent incision and drainage of his right hip. The synovial fluid was reportedly purulent with 118,000 WBCs/uL, 29,000 red blood cells/uL (RBCs) with negative cultures and gram stain. In addition the patient had undergone appendectomy and three gastric ulcer surgeries. On admission the patient was taking celecoxib and indomethacin. He reported no known drug allergies. The patient was married with a social history significant for discontinued use of alcohol five years prior and smoking two packs per day for the prior 30 years. He denied any drug use. On review of systems, the patient denied any kidney problems, cardiac abnormalities, hypertension, history of myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, peripheral vascular disease or bleeding diathesis. On admission his vital signs were a pulse of 68, a respiratory rate of 20 per minute, blood pressure of 98/66, and a temperature of 36.1 degrees Celsius. On physical exam, the patient was found with his left knee in slight flexion on a pillow. He had decreased range of motion of the left hip (20-90 degrees with moderate pain) with external and internal rotation severely limited secondary to severe pain. Some left groin nodes with tenderness to palpation in the deep groin and deep buttock areas were also noted. There was no palpable back tenderness. All other physical findings were unremarkable. Correspondence : J. Christian Fox, MD RDMS Assistant Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine Director of Emergency Ultrasound Department of Emergency Medicine University of California, Irvine Medical Center 101 City Drive – Route 128 Orange, CA 92868 email@example.com INTRODUCTION The use of bedside ultrasound by emergency physicians has dramatically increased over the past twelve years 1 . Its use has led to increased speed of diagnosis, expedited disposition, and improved quality of emergency care 2-4 . While there are eight primary applications of emergency ultrasound, its increasing presence in the emergency department (ED) has led to broader utilization of this diagnostic modality. One of the primary applications, ultrasound-guided line placement, requires the use of a linear higher frequency probe. As this probe becomes more widely available to emergency physicians, its utility is expanding into other diagnostic applications. We describe its use in a patient who presented to the ED with left hip pain. The ED attending performed a bedside ultrasound, which demonstrated an effusion in the left hip joint. Orthopedic surgery was consulted; arthrocentesis revealed a white blood cell (WBC) count of 108,000 /uL and the patient was immediately taken to the OR for washout of his hip.


To the editor, We thank Dr Treasure for his interest and critical appraisal of our publication entitled "Curative‐intent treatment of recurrent colorectal liver metastases: a comparison between ablation and resection." In the letter to the editor, Dr Treasure points out that treating lung metastases from colorectal cancer, either with surgery or IGTA, did not bring evidence of a real survival benefit compared to surveillance. Indeed, results from the PulMiCC randomized controlled trial "indicates that survival is predominantly a feature of expert selection of those with a better prognosis plus the effect of guaranteed time bias." IGTA has gained increasing interest in the recent years and is a much less invasive method for treating lung metastases, especially in altered patients that could not undergo surgery. Our main objective was to show that IGTA was as efficient, technically and oncologically, as surgery. Our results show that both techniques are comparable, in terms of morbidity and survival. However, we did not have a control group of unoperated patients whose outcomes could be compared with our two group, therefore we could not discuss the real survival benefit of treating lung metastases. However, even the PuLMiCC trial, which is the only one exploring the survival benefit of treating lung metastases compared to surveillance, was hardly able to bring significant evidence in this matter. Eventually, even though our work is only retrospective, our results confirmed that using IGTA was a viable alternative option to surgery in the treatment of lung metastases from colorectal cancer. Despite the survival benefit of local treatment has not been proven rigorously, it is likely that local treatment (surgery, IGTA, radiotherapy) is useful in some patient with oligometastatic disease. Increase knowledge in new and nonclinical prognostic factors, such as genomic, epigenetic, and immunologic features, will help us in selecting the patients who will have a survival benefit after local treatment. Furthermore, with progress in chemotherapy regimen, patients with colorectal liver metastases are treated with several lines of chemotherapy and local treatment can sometimes offer patients time without any systemic treatment, which is essential when dealing with a chronic disease. Even though there is no survival benefit with local treatment, the next step for the oncological community is to evaluate the quality of life with systemic treatment versus local treatment.


The invention relates to a method for preparing an ambroxol lyophilized powder for injection. The method comprises that: an aqueous solution containing ambroxol hydrochloride is prepared; the pH is regulated to be between 6 and 8 by sodium hydroxide and is regulated to be between 5 and 6 by phosphoric acid; and the aqueous solution is subpackaged, frozen and dried to prepare the ambroxol lyophilized powder. Compared with an ambroxol hydrochloride powder, the ambroxol lyophilized powder prepared by the method has good compound dissolution; when the pH of the solution is higher than 7, no sediment exists; and simultaneously, the ambroxol lyophilized powder can be compatible with cefoperazone sodium for use.


Oral Buccal Exostoses are benign bony protuberances that arise from the cortical bone. They are named after their location such as torus palatinus if it arises in the palate and torus mandibularis, if it arises from the mandible. The etiopathogenesis is still unclear with various authors citing racial, genetic, teeth attrition, parafunctional habits and even nutritional factors. Though asymptomatic, surgical intervention becomes mandatory when esthetics are of concern or during denture fabrication in terms of edentulous alveolar ridge.


This is an impressive book about recent politics in Bali. Its great depth derives from the comprehensive knowledge of a Balinese lawyer combined with a wide range of literature and argument for a P...


According to the 2017 National census children counts 39% of the whole population; the maximum of people residing in the rural areas have a very less developed social sector, although people living in the urban areas have comparatively good facilities that are small in number. They have good service delivery in education, health, social welfare, employment opportunities, awareness; fertility rate is good while the mortality rate is less, safe sanitation facilities, clean water and other facilitations that are necessary for a sound social sector. The Human development index is very low as it stand at 147/188 in 2016; Pakistan invest a very small amount in education (2.3%), health (0.76%) and the other sectors are also in a fragile situation, more over the standard of education and health are the lowest in the world, the nutritional facilities available to the children are below standard.


Up to now pollutant emissions was not considered a problem in the field of marine engines. However, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is agreed with the legislation that the NO emission of the marine engine produced from 2000 will be reduced to the present level of 70 percent. In this paper, the combustion simulation model, initially developed for high-speed, direct injection diesel engines, is used for studying the performance and emission characteristics of the 2-cycle, slow speed diesel engines are presented. In the simulative calculation by which we can able to calculate subsequent spatial and temporal history of most of the parameters, such as burning rate, local temperature, NO emission and soot etc, and according to this information, distribution of liquid fuel's temperature and burning area in the combustion chamber can be described three dimensionally using a 3-D volume rendering application.


It discloses an electrical connection structure, and the secondary battery pack using the electrical connection structure. The structure comprises an electrical connector member comprising means for mounting to a cathode lead and an anode lead on the insulator insulating the PCM from the battery insulator, and electrically insulated from each other in the state. One or both of the cathode and the anode lead are welded to associated electrode terminals of the battery. The cathode and the anode lead when engaging the PCM to the battery, a contact electrode connected to the PCM state associated joint. The connection structure allows only the electrode leads to be welded to the battery, and allows the electrode terminals through the contact connected to the electrode tab, without an additional welding operation, thereby significantly reducing the number of assembly steps, reducing manufacturing costs and preventing malfunction.


Abstract The current status of theoretical investigations for the interplay between disorder and electron-electron interaction in the Anderson-localized regime of doped semiconductors is reviewed. The description starts from the intrastate interaction theory. Then the effects of the spin-dependent interstate interactions are described. In particular, the roles of electron-electron interaction on specific heat and magnetic properties at low temperatures are clarified, and theoretical results are compared with the experimental ones on phosphorus-doped silicon (Si:P). The validity of the theoretical formulation developed by the present author's group is discussed through computer studies of interacting donor electrons in the intermediate concentration region of doped semiconductors. Finally the effects of electron–electron interaction on transport properties and polarizability in the presence of magnetic fields are discussed, and theoretical results are compared with observed magnetoresistance and magnetocap...


A new empirical equation has been found. Heats of formation of some Si-, Ge-, Sn-, P-, As-, and Se-containing coumpounds are estimated


Enteric parasites are the most common cause of parasitic diseases, and they cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries like Nepal. This study was conducted to estimate the intestinal parasitic infestations among school children in Lalitpur district of Nepal. A total of 1392 stool samples were collected from school children selected from two governments, two private, one community and one slum school from the same district. The stool samples were examined for evidence of parasitic infections by direct microscopic examination and further confirmed by concentration and flotation methods, for the coccidian parasite modified ZN staining was performed. Prevalence of intestinal parasites was 16.7%. The highest prevalence was seen with Giardia lamblia (7.4%) followed by Entamoeba histolytica (3.4%) and Cyclospora cyantenenis (1.7%). Highest number was seen in male child (17.8%) and the highest prevalence of parasites were seen in age between 11 to 15 years that is, 7.3%, whereas highest prevalence was seen in government school (12.2%). The results designated that intestinal parasitic infestation among school children in the study area is mainly water-borne. The burden of parasitic infestations among the school children, coupled with the poor sanitary conditions in the schools, should be regarded as an issue of public health priority.


Mobility management is concerned with how the network supports subscribers in making and receiving services as they roam. In cellular networks, mobility is implemented by the use of home location register (HLR) and visitor location register (VLR) databases. In cellular networks, future cell sizes may be smaller than the floor of a building and therefore cell boundaries will be crossed more often, increasing the number of location updates. It is expected that this and other things will have a significant effect on the scale of the mobility management problem and therefore the cost of mobility. Research to date has largely considered the cost of mobility in terms of the number of signalling messages generated. However, while this is an important factor, it does not give an accurate measure of the total cost of mobility. It is argued that the cost of mobility can be broken down into communication costs and database costs. In estimating the communication costs, the number of hops which the signalling messages traverse must be taken into consideration, together with the number of signalling messages. Clearly the location of the HLR and VLRs in relation to the source of the messages has implications for the communication costs. A new approach to mobility management is presented. The emphasis is on reducing the length of the route taken by the signalling messages and it is argued that this reduces the overall load on the signalling network. The scheme is suitable for 2nd and 3rd generation networks.


A kind of biomimetic amphoteric polymer,phosphatidylcholine(PC),was used as surfactant to produce water soluble and biocompatible magnetic carbon nanotubes(Fe3O4/CNTs),which was prepared by solvothermal method.Fe3O4/CNTs was facilely dispersed in aqueous media by ultrasonication with the help of PC,with the long hydrophobic segment and the hydrophilic group as controls.The biological properties of the PC modified Fe3O4/CNTs(Fe3O4/CNTs-PC) were evaluated using protein adsorption assay and recalcification time.The results indicate that the adsorption capacity of bovine serum albumin(BSA) is 0.1368 mg/mg,and the recalcification time is 324 s.These experimental results suggest that Fe3O4/CNTs-PC has good outstanding biocompatibility.


This paper discusses basic economic and organizational factors contributing to sustainable oil production along with innovative technology concepts. Considering the fact that most of the oilfields in Tatarstan are mature, these factors should be: tax incentives, setting-up of small independent oil companies, and restructuring of Tatneft OAO.


Abstract : This project involved the processing and analysis of MetalMapper data collected at the Pole Mountain Target and Maneuver Area. 2,370 data files were inverted and analyzed using the UX-Analyze add-on to Geosoft's Oasis Montaj software package. Once analysis was complete, ranked dig lists were submitted for scoring by the Institute for Defense Analyses. Dig list scoring was based on the number of targets of interest correctly identified as items that should be dug and the number of non-TOI or clutter items that were correctly classified as items that did not need to be intrusively investigated. Two dig lists submitted by Parsons were scored against ground truth data generated during the intrusive investigation performed at the site following MetalMapper data collection. Both dig lists correctly identified all of the TOI on site as TOI, so the only distinction between the two was the amount of clutter correctly classified as clutter. The better performing of the lists reduced the amount of clutter that needed to be intrusively investigated by approximately 79 percent, and the other reduced the clutter digs by approximately 73 percent.


We expect graduate students to be able to enter the work force and begin making professional contributions upon graduation. Indeed, those who do find employment in their chosen field are often immediately faced with complex challenges, the successful solution of which relies on both their problem solving abilities and the demonstration of basic levels of professional competence. We expect them to perform as if they were already experienced in the field, and hope that the building blocks we have provided them with in their formal education support the range of experiences with which they must deal. However, one problematic and daunting question lurks to haunt the transition from student to professional. How can the traditionally passive experience of a student in a classroom truly serve to prepare them for the active role of practitioner?


It is an honour to participate in this Panel Discussion on the Human Rights of Migrants. The relationship between migration and democracy raises important issues of citizenship and political participation which attracted the attention of policy makers, because of the combination of increasing trends of migratory flows, and the processes of democratic transitions and consolidation of democratic institutions that has taken place over the last decades.


In this paper, a SIRS epidemic model with vaccination and nonlinear incidence is discussed. The existence and uniqueness of this system are analyzed. By applying Hurwitz criterion, the local stability is proved. Finally, the global stability is researched by constructing the suitable Lyapunov functions in a new way [1],.


Objectives : The study examined mothers' oral health knowledge and oral health management behavior to their children that affect directly children's oral health to prepare basic aiming at children. Methods : Therefore, a survey of 235 mothers in 10 kindergartens located in Seoul was conducted by self-administered questionnaires. Results : As to mothers' oral health knowledge, the correct-answer rate for questions about tooth-decay was highest, and the level of 'middle (5-7 points)' was the most common with 50.0%. Regarding oral health knowledge according to mothers' general characteristics, the higher academic background and family's monthly earnings were, the higher oral health knowledge was. It showed a statistically significant difference(p


Diverticula of the colon are frequently found in the course of "survey" barium enema studies. As more patients reach geriatric age, the problem of handling the complications of diverticula of the colon will become more common. In diverticulosis coli, as in many other disease conditions, establishment of the diagnosis will enable the clinician to educate the geriatric patient in prevention of the complications. "Survey" barium enema studies are indicated in all geriatric patients who have even mild symptoms referable to the colon.


The existing methods for identification of a ( , , ) 1 n n m convolutional code are not applicable in the cases of high bit error rates or need a large amount of computation. To overcome the limitations, a novel blind identification method is proposed. First, based on the parity check equation set, the parity check vector of a convolutional code is estimated by using the proposed recursive algorithm. Second, due to the orthogonality between the parity check matrix and the generator matrix, a set of polynomial generator bases are obtained. Finally, the canonical generator matrix is reconstructed by using the polynomial generator bases. Experimental results show the method is effective. The method has high robustness to bit errors. It does not need to search for the parity check vector exhaustively, and therefore its computational complexity is much lower than that of the existing method.


The article presents a theoretical and praxeological justification and details the forms and directions of the expert initiative implementation during the forensic veterinary examination, taking into account the specifics of the subject and objects of the latter.The author's definition of the concept of "expert's initiative" has been formulated, the meaning of which is that it is a legal category, as well as the phenomenon of initiating an initiative by the subjects of forensic expert activity, exercising the right to which, during the investigation of specific objects, the forensic expert has the opportunity to beyond the scope of the expert task, which formulated by the subject of the appointment of forensic examination in criminal proceedings or by the subject of its involvement in another type of legal proceedings or by the subject of its order outside of the judicial proceedings and implements this possibility by formulating at its own discretion additional facts and circumstances that are important for establishing the truth and set forth in the opinion of a judicial expert, as well as any initiative of a state specialized institution, which is carried out to implement the policy on expert support of the judiciary.It has been demonstrated that the phenomenon of expert initiative can be implemented not only in criminal proceedings, but also in other types of judicial proceedings and even outside of it. This, in turn, makes it possible to expand the limits of the competence of the subjects of forensic expert activity, and accordingly causes the expansion of parts of the forensic expert's opinion due to the added research information that is the result of the expert's initiative.It was established that the content of the expert initiative is a system of areas of forensic expert activity implemented in the form of a petition, action, proposal. This content covers the right of the forensic expert to present in his opinion the information discovered during the forensic examination, which is of importance for the criminal proceedings or the case, in relation to which he was not asked questions, and his other undertakings, provided for by the forensic expert's right to expert initiative, which are carried out during the implementation of professional functions for the expert provision of justice.It has been established that the probative value of the expert's conclusion will increase from the judicial expert's exercise of the right to initiative. The forensic expert uses this right only in case of significant, sometimes decisive importance for the investigation of the offense.It is claimed that the factual data and circumstances established by the forensic expert within the scope of his exercise of the expert's initiative have the same evidentiary value as the answers to the direct questions of the subject of the appointment of the forensic expert or the involvement of the forensic expert, set out in his conclusion.


The dependency of the cellular or mobile network is increasing exponentially with the growth of dynamic demands of the mobile users globally. There is a huge trade-off between the energy consumption and service enhancement in present and upcoming future cellular network services and technologies. In order to cater up extensive coverage area, the energy required by the base station and its associated components needs to expend a good amount of energy. This paper has identified a problem of energy consumption over the usage of the cellular network, which the massive numbers of increasing mobile users are facing at present. Therefore, this paper performs a thorough investigation about the contribution being made by the prior researchers pertaining to address energy problems along with investigating of the existing research trends. The findings of the paper will highlights the techniques adopted by them and will also showcase the associated research gap from the existing studies.


A very important element of the teaching plan is students' assessment. Assessment should be very objective and backed up with feedback. A necessary condition for this type of evaluation is the formation of questions. The questions should lead the thinking process of the students with skills and clarity of thought. In this way, these questions will serve as clear ideas and help to develop the imagination and the research. Such innovation provides systematic evaluation, which is based on systematic diagram. Testing plays an important role in this system. The objective test is created in a way that a different estimator that assesses independently will achieve the same results for the introduced level of knowledge and abilities based on true answers. In comparison with the traditional objective test, the systemic objective test includes many demands that are completely structured; it covers a huge part of the educational schedule, and measures high levels of education (synthesis, analysis and estimation). In this article, we will introduce STFQs, SMCQs, SSQs, SSQs, ASQs, and SCQs as examples of the systemic objective test in medical biochemistry.


Basic time invariant boundary parameters, such as topography, land use, soil texture, and derived vegetation and soil properties as defined in the regional climate models Consortium for Small‐scale Modeling in Climate Mode (CCLM), and the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF), are investigated in terms of their applicability. The focus is on the comparison of the four available data sets and the investigation of their influences on actual CCLM simulations. Several runs of the CCLM model with National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and ERA40 boundary forcings in the Mediterranean Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment indicate that the investigated data sets are suitable for the considered region. The variations introduced by the different time invariant boundary data are within the range of the variations resulting from different driving reanalysis data, but lower than the differences obtained in intermodel evaluations, e.g., in Prediction of Regional scenarios and Uncertainties for Defining European Climate Change Risks and Effects (PRUDENCE) and Ensembles‐based predictions of climate changes and their impacts (ENSEMBLES). The variation in the monthly mean values resulting from differences in the land use, topography, and soil data are up to 1.1 K in the area average monthly mean temperature and up to 17% of the observed value of the area average monthly precipitation. The study indicates that CCLM would benefit from further improvements of the time invariant boundary data, especially the soil texture data.


Selected recent results on AxCoO2 (A=Li, Na, K) layered cobaltites are reviewed. Potassium ordering was clearly evidenced in K4Co7O14 using usual X-ray diffraction. Magnetic and transport properties reveal very different behaviors depending on the nature of the alkali element. These results are discussed taking into account an interplay between electronic correlations, spin entropy effects, alkali atom ordering, 2D character of the structure and the possible existence of oxygen vacancies that strongly influences the actual average oxidation state of cobalt.


Abstract: When the system is non-linear and the parameters of the model are changing in large proportions, the classic controller (PID) is not satisfying; so in this paper we recall generalized predictive control (GPC) for doubly fed induction generation (DFIG) used for wind turbine. First a mathematical model of the machine is written in an appropriate d-q reference then we used the GPC controller to control the active and reactive power. We conclude with a simulation by MATLAB SIMULINK to see responses of our machine and performance of GPC control.


The mass–velocity–size relation of late-type galaxies decouples into independent correlations between mass and velocity (the Tully–Fisher relation), and between mass and size. This behaviour is different to early-type galaxies which lie on a Fundamental Plane. We study the coupling of the Tully–Fisher and mass–size relations in observations [the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) sample], empirical galaxy formation models based on halo abundance matching, and rotation curve fits with a hydrodynamically motivated halo profile. We systematically investigate the correlation coefficient between the Tully–Fisher residuals ΔVr and mass–size residuals ΔR as a function of the radius r at which the velocity is measured, and thus present the ΔVr–ΔR relation across rotation curves. We find no significant correlation in the data at any r, aside from r ≪ Reff where baryonic mass dominates. We show that this implies an anticorrelation between galaxy size and halo concentration (or halo mass) at fixed baryonic mass, and provides evidence against the hypothesis that galaxy and halo specific angular momentum are proportional. Finally, we study the ΔVr–ΔR relations produced by the baryons and dark matter separately by fitting halo profiles to the data. The balance between these components illustrates the 'disc–halo conspiracy' required for no overall correlation.


X‐ray point projection spectroscopy is a powerful experimental technique in the investigation of laser driven plasma physics experiments. Projection backlighting using a near point x‐ray backlighting source together with a Bragg crystal provides simultaneously spectral, temporal, and two dimensions of spatial resolution. We discuss two applications of point projection spectroscopy. In the first, the opacity of a hot, dense (T=40 eV, ρ=0.01 g/cc) aluminum plasma heated by the thermal radiation from a gold laser target has been investigated. In the second application, point projection spectroscopy has been used as a diagnostic of hydrodynamic mixing between two dissimilar (but spectroscopically identifiable) materials undergoing ablatively driven acceleration. Experimental results from these experiments carried out at the AWE Helen and LLNL Nova lasers will be shown. This work was performed in collaboration with S. J. Davidson, P. Fieldhouse, T. J. Goldsack, J. C. V. Hansom, and C. C. Smith at AWE and J. D. Kilkenny and D. Bach at LLNL.


Psychoanalytic field theory is integral to relational praxis. In his study of the analytic field and its interpersonal complexities and relational intricacies, Tubert-Oklander emphasizes its clinical promise. Tubert-Oklander's field orientation, however, is a conservative and limited one. This commentary proposes a new, more radical coparticipant theory of analytic praxis. As a unique form of clinical participation, coparticipant inquiry is marked by an emphasis on patients' and analysts' relational mutuality, coequal analytic authority, and dyadic uniqueness. Coparticipant inquiry represents both a one-person and two-person psychology—an integral of classical individualism and the social emphasis of the interpersonal/relational viewpoint. Coparticipant analysis calls for a new, multidimensional concept of the self that reconciles the seeming paradox that we are simultaneously communal and individual beings—from birth embedded in a series of social field, yet always uniquely individual. This psychoanalytic dialectic between personal, nonrelational selfic "I" processes and an interpersonal "me" pattern brings into relational play such concepts as will, self-determination, and agency. Coparticipation promotesatechnically freer, more self-expressive, and spontaneous inquiryandemphasizesthecurativeimmediacyofnewrelationalexperience. I have believed for a long time that human nature is a reciprocity of what is inside the skin and what is outside; that it is definitely not "rolled up inside us" but our way of being one with our fellows and our world. I call this field theory. —Gardner Murphy


The fault of power system will cause the unbalance of the voltage between the grounding point and far-end zero potential point.And the equipotential net of secondary power system can effectively prevent the occurrence of the lightning damage and false operation of secondary equipment.In the light of the situation that the lightning damages of the computers and electronic equipment in the power plant have increased year by year,this paper analyzes the reasons why the overvoltage can damage the equipment,and puts forward some practical and feasible protective measures for the equipotential grounding network in power generation project.


In recent work, Lelli et al. (2016) argue that the tightness of the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (BTFR) of the SPARC galaxy sample, and the weakness of the correlation of its residuals with effective radius, pose challenges to LCDM cosmology. In this Letter we calculate the statistical significance of these results in the framework of halo abundance matching, which imposes a canonical galaxy-halo connection. Taking full account of sample variance among SPARC-like realisations of the parent halo population, we find the scatter in the predicted BTFR to be 3.6 sigma too high, but the correlation of its residuals with galaxy size to be naturally weak. Further, we find abundance matching to generate BTFR curvature in 3.0 sigma disagreement with the data, and a fraction of galaxies with non-flat rotation curves somewhat larger than observed.


It's about the murder of a 13-year-old girl. His 17-year-old cousin was imputed. After the studies, it turned out that the young man according to the DSM V was structuring a histrionic and narcissistic personality.

Development of the case

The event that took place was the discovery of a semi-naked girl in the bed of a river, dead and with signs of probable sexual abuse." "After a day of making inquiries by the police personnel, an uncle and a cousin of the girl were arrested, leaving only the young man in charge of the Juvenile Criminal Court.

After the legal procedures, the young person is referred to the offices of the expert body (psychologist and psychiatrist) of the Minority and Family Courts. The 17-year-old was the 13-year-old girl's first cousin and the case was titled "Creminis Causa homicide in real contest with aggravated sexual abuse with repeated carnal access". The adolescent was referred by the Court in order to carry out the psychological and psychiatric examinations in order to determine if it was included in the provisions of Article 34, paragraph 1 of the CP (Article 73 of the CPP) of the Argentine Republic [1], the profile of his personality.


Transcervical electrolarynx is a vibrator held against the neck tissue by a laryngectomy patient to provide excitation to the vocal tract, as a substitute to that provided by glottal vibrations. The electrolaryngeal speech suffers from lack of voicing and pitch control, low‐frequency deficiency, and presence of background noise, caused by leakage of acoustic energy from the vibrator and vibrator‐tissue interface. Pitch‐synchronous application of spectral subtraction has been used for reducing the self‐leakage noise, with averaging‐based noise estimation on an initial segment with closed lips. But, the leakage noise spectrum varies with speech production and vibrator orientation and pressure. A dynamic estimation of noise is carried out by using minimum statistics, with two‐pitch period analysis frames and one period overlap. Minimum value of each spectral sample in a set of past frames is used for dynamically estimating the magnitude spectrum of noise. This is subtracted from the magnitude spectrum of noi...


In this paper, a differential game based guidance law for intercepting missiles is proposed. This guidance law, named the zero-sliding guidance law, is combined with the differential game theory. Players in this differential game are the missile and the target, respectively. The cost function is the component of the relative velocity which is based on the zero-sliding guidance law. An optimal strategy pair of the missile and the target can be obtained from the differential game theory based guidance law. The interception can handle both the non-maneuvering target and the maneuvering target with the perfect information. The various simulation results can guarantee the performance and stability of our designed system.


American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) is herbaceous perennial plants indigenous to North American forests. This is highly valued as medicinal herbs with a long history of collection from wild populations since 1716. Wild American ginseng distributed from Quebec in Canada to northern Florida in USA. A heavy concentration is found in the Appalachian mountains, although wild American ginseng is considered endangered. The price paid for field cultivated ginseng has dropped dramatically in the past 10 years, while the price for wild or woods cultivated ginseng has rised significantly. The price curve for ginseng resembles a roller coaster, reflecting not only supply and demand but many other factors. This information will be useful to understand American ginseng compared to Korean ginseng.


A camera stabilisation platform system comprising a body, a rotation sensor system in a fixed orientation relative to the body, a motor system and a rotatable member system. The rotatable member system being operable to be rotated by the motor system relative to the body. The rotation sensor system operable to measure a rotation angle and a rotation direction and the motor system is configured to rotate the rotatable member system by the sensed rotation angle in a rotation direction opposite to the sensed rotation direction. Preferably the stabilisation platform is formed of two rings 1, 2 and an electronics module 3. There may be two motors present, one to drive each ring 1, 2. A camera 4 may be received between the rings 1, 2 and may be mounted completely nodally on a rotation axis of the rotatable member system.


and 90.8% of cytologically positive samples. The most common types of HPV detected were 16, 6, 18, 31, 66, 56, 53, 81, 45, and 62. Of HPV DNA-positive samples, 47.7% were high, 4.7% were intermediate, and 17.9% were low risk. The high-risk types of HPV detected were 16, 18, 31, 56, 53, 45, 62, 58, 59, 67, 51, 35, 73, 52, 33, 39, 68, and 82.


The current management effectiveness is an important issue of development and reform in local university library.Library management effectiveness can get improved by giving suggestions in management concept,the use of information resources,open-book management and the research of customer's satisfaction based on reality.


The concept of "vision" holds an increasingly important place in the field of strategic management. The top management team of an organisation is expected to articulate a strategic vision as a central focus for organisational effort. Such a vision is not as detailed as the traditional strategic plan nor as dispassionate as the mission statement. It is, rather, a series of statements and actions that act as pathfinding: pointing a general direction for the future with a sense of both urgency and excitement that guides and empowers middle management through the tangle of everyday decision making. The Pappas Carter Evans and Koop/Telesis report for the Australian Manufacturing Council (AMC hereafter) contains a strategic vision in just this sense. It offers an assessment of the current position of Australian manufacturing as falling far short of the country's aspirations and needs. It suggests that major opportunities are open to the manufacturing sector-which can only be achieved by profound, and even painful, change. Then it sketches out a broad perspective for future action, while remaining silent on many detailed issues of implementation. And it is imbued with a sense of urgency, and the need for action, if we are to grasp such a future before it is lost to us. These are the attributes common to strategic visions i n many successful firms. Interpreted in this way, the AMC report is not a conventional economic policy document. Clearly it is not intended as a theoretical contribution to strategic trade theory. While addressing issues of economic policy, the report rests on a conceptual framework which is quite distinct from reports that emanate from the Bureau of Industry Economics or EPAC. The distinctive character of the report is that it is grounded in a managerial perspective. Is this strategic management perspective an important contribution to the industry policy debate? This essay addresses that question in two steps. The first is to identify the report's conceptual framework and its view of the role of firms and of governments. Then the core vision-the deveIopment of more strong export firms-is evaluated and seen to be a doubtful prospect if subsidies to support risk-taking are the key to its fruition.


Many studies confirm that the measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient( HVPG)has important clinical value,and it is recognized as the golden standard in evaluating portal hypertension. On the basis of the previous studies,we make a further explanation to show its role in the diagnosis and classification of portal hypertension,evaluating the degree and prognosis of chronic liver diseases and the efficacy of drug therapy. What' s more, we can make the prevention process for the patients with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding according to the HVPG's response to the drug therapy.


This article from the private relationship between financial development and poverty reduction in the theoretical study start, select a sample of Xinjiang using 2000-2011 data, using cointegration analysis Xinjiang rural civil finance and rural poverty reduction in rural relationship. The results showed that: Rural civil finance and rural poverty reduction private long-term stable relationship exists between rural civil finance for rural poverty reduction in Xinjiang has played a certain role in promoting. Finally, policy recommendations for the above conclusions.


This study was conducted to establish the presence of cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) immunoreactivity in neurons and fibers within guinea pig atrial whole‐mount preparations containing the intrinsic cardiac ganglia. Many cardiac ganglia, but not all, in a given whole‐mount preparation, were innervated by CARTp‐immunoreactive (IR) fibers. Following explant culture of whole mounts for 72 hours, the CARTp‐IR fiber networks were absent, but the number of CARTp‐IR neurons was increased markedly. These observations suggested that the majority of the CARTp‐IR fibers in the intracardiac ganglia were derived from sources extrinsic to the heart. In control whole‐mount preparations, very few CARTp‐positive neurons were present. The few intrinsic CARTp‐IR neurons also exhibited choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity, indicating that they make up a small subpopulation of cholinergic postganglionic neurons. Some CARTp‐IR neurons also exhibited nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity, indicating that they were nitrergic as well. We compared the immunohistochemical staining patterns of CARTp‐IR fibers with the staining patterns of a number of other neurotransmitters or neurotransmitter synthetic enzymes that mark specific extrinsic inputs. The CARTp‐IR fibers were not immunoreactive for ChAT, tyrosine hydroxylase, calcitonin gene‐related peptide, or substance P. However, virtually all CARTp‐IR fibers exhibited immunoreactivity to neuronal NOS (a marker for nitric oxide‐producing neurons). CARTp‐IR cells and NOS‐IR cells were present in the nodose ganglia. In addition, CARTp‐IR neurons in the nodose also were stained positively for NADPH‐diaphorase. Thus, we propose that most CARTp‐IR fibers within the guinea pig intrinsic cardiac ganglia are vagal afferent fibers that also contain NOS. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:73–86, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In diagnostics we are constantly confronted with the gaps that exist in our knowledge of the pathogenic fungal flora. This situation is illustrated by recent information concerning various economically important fungal diseases. Where such problems arise it is only through international cooperation in diagnostic mycology that they can be efficiently tackled and solved. It appears that with increasing frequency the exact identification and differentiation of fungi is only made possible through familiarity with their growth characteristics in culture. Fungus culture collections can here play an important role, since exact comparison and identification is made possible. Such pathogenic fungi should be made available for diagnostic purposes under the auspices of the Plant Protection Services, so that the risk of unwanted spreading of these pathogens can be avoided. The Plant Protection Services would in fact become more effective in their attempts to prevent and limit the distribution of harmful organisms.


It is now accepted that current expeditious models for determining earth pressures on flexible underground structures under compacted layers do not include several technical nuances of the soil–structure interaction. Thus, these models are not capable of delivering an optimized design. The present paper compares the results from the well-known American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) model with two different numerical models — a user-friendly elastic model and a more robust finite element model — and with results retrieved from a full-scale monitoring of a concrete box culvert, 5.5 m high and 3.77 m width, over which a 15 m high embankment was built. This structure was instrumented selectively, over a period of almost 1 year, during which several parameters were recorded, including earth pressures and structural deformation. Results have shown that the two most significant drawbacks associated with the use of the AASHTO model are the inadequate evaluation of vertical pressure on the top slab and the coefficient of earth pressure, which results in a significant overestimation of the lateral pressures and, consequently, in an overall inefficient design of the structure.


A compact solution for filtering common-mode noise on high-speed digital interfaces is proposed and realized as a 6-pin SMD component. The component size is only 2 × 1.2 mm2. The measured common-mode suppression has a high-level rejection over 20 dB at 1.575 and 2.45 GHz, corresponding to GPS and WLAN bands. Moreover, differential-mode signals preserve well up to 10 GHz. To validate its capability, in situ experiments are demonstrated with USB 3.0 connector. Far-field and near-field emissions are indeed reduced, which implies the distances between RF antennas and high-speed connectors can be shrunk by using the proposed solution.


Balanced heterodyne detection and a gated microwave spectrum analyzer are used to precisely measure the spectral broadening due to intra-channel fiber nonlinearities. Polarization resolved spectra for a 224 Gb/s dual polarization 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation signal are quantified in terms of the spectral edge power, which serves as a useful metric for capturing the effects of both fiber nonlinearities and amplified spontaneous emission noise. It is shown that without and with perturbation-based pre-compensation for the signal distortion due to the Kerr effect, the launch powers that minimize the bit error ratio and spectral edge power coincide.


Taipei Zoo Station
 Zhinan Temple Station
 Maokong Station

Zhinan Temple
Address: No. 115, Wanshou Rd., Taipei City
 Tel: 886-2-29399920
 Zhinan Temple, also known as Xiangong Temple, honors the Master Lu Dungbin. Thi


The legendary figures of chivalrous women in the Tang Dynasty present a certain practical immediate significance and aethetic value.This paper is discussing the image of chivalrous women in the Tang Dynasty.


Chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is closely associated with hepatic inflammation, which may contribute to liver injury and fibrosis. However, the potential regulators that act against ER stress‐mediated inflammasome activation in hepatocytes is largely unknown. This study investigated the role of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by ER stress. The degree of NLRP3 inflammasome activation was inversely correlated with hepatic FXR level in patients with HBV‐associated hepatic failure or non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. The inverse relationship between FXR and NLRP3 was confirmed in animal models with liver injury. In mice, FXR deficiency exacerbated the effect of ER stress inducer on NLRP3 and TXNIP expression levels. Consistently, FXR agonist treatment had an opposite effect, alleviating liver injury. In addition, FXR activation specifically inhibited PERK pathway among canonical UPR pathways in hepatocytes, and CHOP was necessary for NLRP3 and TXNIP induction by ER stress. Moreover, FXR activation abolished the ability of ER stress to decrease the expression of Nck1, leading to the inhibition of inflammasome activation and cell death. MiR‐186 was identified as a repressor of Nck1 and involved in ER stress‐mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Overall, our results demonstrate that FXR acts as a novel regulator of hepatic ER stress and consequential NLRP3 inflammasome activation through PERK‐CHOP signaling pathway, which may depend on miR‐186 regulation of Nck1.


MyrIad texts, images and events come to mind when thinking about violence: Homer's Illiad, the old testament, las Casas's Brevísima destrucción, Lord of the Flies, A Clockwork Orange, 2666's "La parte de los crímenes"; Picasso's "Guernica," "La haine," tarantino's films, "Breaking Bad"; slavery (both past and present), the armenian Genocide, the two world wars, the Holocaust, the death and disappearance of thousands of political prisoners under many dictatorships the world over, the rwanda Genocide, drug trafficking, Guantánamo, CIa torture of terror suspects, sexual assault on college campuses, ISIS, the recent killings of unarmed black men by white policemen in the United States, the assassination and disappearance of forty three students in the town of Iguala, Mexico, among many, many others acts. "No one engaged in thought about history and politics can remain unaware of the enormous role violence has always played in human affairs" (8), wrote Hannah arendt some forty years ago.1 Now, if violence is defined as "the exertion of physical force so as to injure or abuse" ("Violence"), one would probably have to include the violence exerted upon millions and millions of chickens, pigs, cows and other animals for the purpose of human consumption. But, of course, violence is not simply, and not always, "the exertion" of physical force. Sometimes it is the threat of exertion of physical force. From this perspective, the entire colonizing enterprise of countries such as Portugal, Spain, England, France and others could well be conceived of as having imposed a perennial state of violence upon subjugated peoples. Similarly, wasn't modernity a kind of violence, as some have claimed?2 did it not, in its very being, conceal a potential violent thrust, as adorno and Horkheimer warned? (Horkheimer and adorno). Isn't capitalism, after all, also a kind of violence? Finally,


Major portion of software cost will be occupied by software maintenance in a software project life cycle cost. Customer will be thinking that accommodating changes to the software even after product delivery is easy, but it enormously affects the maintenance cost. Unless we compare particular software with similar or different versions, we will not know that it has more copied fragments in it. But maintenance plays big role in improving software quality. Code clones or copied fragments make it difficult to modify the software. Different approaches proposed to overcome this problem. In this paper we present an analysis of a cost model which considers various parameters.


The crystal structure and surface property of kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite have been discussed. The influence of residual bond, lattice impurities and grinding behavior on wettability, electrokinetics and floatability have been studied based on crystal chemistry and solution chemistry of flotation. The number of breaking bonds per unit area of carystal plane lies in the following order: N Si-O(110) N Si-O(010) N Si-O(100) ,and N Al-O(110) N Al-O(010) N Al-O(100) in the three minerals. This accounts for the anisotropy of wettability and electrokinetics of different crystal planes of the three minerals. The difference in crystal structure between diaspore and aluminury silicate minerals results in the difference in residual bond and surface active site affecting their wettability and floatability.


This article completes a previous investigation of balanced and unitary numerical semigroups. The main result establishes the equivalence of unitary numerical semigroups and perfect 2 × 2 bricks.


The power gain characteristics of SiGe HBTs with constant total Ge strain in the base region, but different doping profiles, are studied. It is found that the doping profile is the dominant factor in determining f/sub max/ and high-frequency power gain, while Ge profile only plays an insignificant role. In addition, CE and CB configurations show distinct characteristics of power gain sensitivity on base doping profiles and DC bias.


Objective
To evaluate the clinical outcomes and correction accuracy of deformities around the knee joint using external fixator-assisted internal fixation (FAIF).

Methods
From January 2014 to March 2018, data of 15 patients (17 bone segments) with deformities around the knee joint who had been corrected with external fixator-assisted internal fixation were retrospectively analyzed. There were 6 males and 9 females, with an average age of 39 years (range, 21-60 years). There were 9 patients with genu varus and 6 with genu valgus. All the 15 patients had shortening ranging from 5 to 22 mm, with an average of 12 mm. Unilateral external fixator was used to stabilize the osteotomy site intraoperatively until the satisfied mechanical axis was acquired. Then the plate or Intramedullary nail was inserted and fixed, the external fixator was removed after internal fixation.

Results
Femur osteotomy was done in 7 patients and tibia osteotomy was done in 6 patients, while 2 patients had osteotomy in both tibia and femur. Intramedullary nailing was used in 2 bone segments, and plate was used in 15 bone segments. The correction of angle ranged from 7° to 22°, with an average of 12.5°. The correction of the 9 cases of genua varus ranged from 10° to 22°, with an average of 17.6°. The correction of the 6 cases of genu valgum ranged from 7° to 13°, with an average of 10.4°. The mean time to achieve union of the osteotomy sites was 3.5 months (range, 2.5-5.0 months). All the 15 patients were followed up for 8-48 months (average, 23 months). The mechanical axis deviation (MAD) was 5.93 mm (range, 0-15 mm) after operation which was 34.8 mm (range, 8-55 mm) before operation. The mean post-operative mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) was 87.5° (range, 84°-90°) which was 76.1° (range, 66°-82°) before operation. The mean medial proximal tibia angle (MPTA) was 87.8° (range, 86°-89°) which was 76.8° (range, 68°-80°) before operation. There were no deep infection and neurovascular injury.

Conclusion
The FAIF not only has the advantage of minimal invasiveness and easy adjustment, but also can avoid uncomfortableness and complications of long-term of wearing the external fixator. It is an accurate and safe method to correct the deformities around the knee joint.

Key words:
Genu varum; Genu valgum; External fixators; Internal fixators


Aqueous nitrosation of primary α-carbonyl diazo compounds (ethyl diazoacetate, diazoacetone, diazoacetophenones) yields α-carbonyl nitrile oxides, RCOCNO; their formation is demonstrated by 1,3-dipolar addition reactions.


Multi‐stage co‐evaporation processes for the growth of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin films are investigated with time‐resolved in situ angle‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction (in situ XRD). Different preparation protocols were applied and controlled by in situ laser light scattering (in situ LLS). The composition of the deposited layers was adjusted by making use of a stoichiometric transitions in the LLS signal at the point where the Cu content equals the [Zn + Sn]. The ability of in situ XRD to distinguish between CZTSe and ZnSe is used to develop new processes that minimize the formation of ZnSe as a secondary phase. At high temperatures, an initially grown ZnSe layer forms at the Mo interface, which may not be incorporated into the CZTSe due to Zn‐rich preparation conditions. By using lower temperatures at the beginning, CZTSe growth starts directly and a heating step restores the high temperature of the substrate. Thus, the formation of secondary phases is diminished without losing the benefits of higher preparation temperature. The ZnSe growth is reduced and the formation of a continuous layer is not observed.


Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway which is highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. Generally,some damaged macromolecules or organelles were wrapped by autophagosomes which will fuse with lysosome( animal) or vacuole( yeast and plant) for degrading and recycling. For a long time,people think that autophagy is a non-selective process. In recent years,many researchs show that there are many types of selective autophagy in yeast and higher eukaryotic cells. This paper mainly reviews the molecular mechanism and process in selectiveautophagy in recent years.


Design and Analysis of clock controller architectures. Three clock controller for Sistem on Chip application has been designed with different design strategies. The three clock controllers has been inserted inside a subsystem of the Qualcomm Snapdragon chip dedicated to sensor's interfacing. The three design has been synthesized and the difference between them has been studied. Finally, one of the three synthesized structure has been analyzed from the timing point of view to verify its correctness. In the very last part, thanks to a developed tcl cript, the clock domain crossing of the subsystem has been investigated and, relying on it and on the synthesis outcome, a new clock controller structure has been proposed.


Abstract Allotriploidy was successfully induced in two hybrid catfishes: Female channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus × male blue catfish I. furcatus (3n = 87) and channel catfish × white catfish I. catus (3n = 82). No significant differences were detected in growth, feed conversion, gonadosomatic index, or dress-out characteristics between diploid and triploid channel catfish × blue catfish raised in 1.3-m-diameter tanks, with the exception of a higher (P = 0.03) condition factor (K) for triploid hybrids. All diploid hybrids had normal gonadal development and histology; however, triploid hybrids were probably not fertile and had abnormal gonadal development, with a single ovary present in 36% of the triploid females. Both testes were present in all males; however, triploid hybrid males had abnormal histology, with no sperm present in seminiferous tubules. Sex ratios did not differ from 1:1 at 14-18 months of age. Growth rate, dress-out percentage, and visceral fat percentage of diploids and triploids did n...


The present invention discloses a flow fixture for the air cooling flow test on hollow blades, which comprises a fixture body with an opening on one side thereof. The fixture body is provided with a fixture inner cavity used for the levitation of a hollow blade and communicated with the outside through the opening, a seal gasket covered onto the outer surface of he hollow blade and closed inside the opening of the fixture inner cavity, and a fixture air inlet for being connected with a flow tester and feeding the cooling air into the fixture inner cavity. The tenon air inlet of the hollow blade and the lower margin plate of the hollow blade are positioned in the fixture inner cavity. The shrouded air outlet of the hollow blade is positioned inside the fixture inner cavity to be communicated with the outside, so that a flow channel for the cooling air is formed, wherein the cooling air flows into the flow channel through the fixture air inlet and flows out of the flow channel through the shrouded air outlet. In this way, the stability of measured results is ensured and the floating error of measured results on a single part during multiple tests is almost zero. Therefore, whether the blade is qualified or not can be quickly tested. The production and delivery period of the blade is shortened.


We have studied the structure of the clean and Cs covered Ag(001) surface, using surface X-ray diffraction. For the clean unreconstructed Ag(001) surface the analysis of the integer-order crystal truncation rods gives evidence for a compression of the first interlayer spacing relative to the bulk by Δd 12 /d bulk = -0.8(8)%, whereas for the second interlayer spacing we obtain an expansion of Ad 23 /d bu tk = 1.0(8)%. For the first two Ag layers we observe enhanced thermal disorder as expressed by the isotropic mean-squared displacement amplitude, U = 0.011(1)A 2 at 340 K relative to the bulk value of 0.009 A 2 at this temperature. Our X-ray results for Ag(001) are in good agreement with previous experimental and theoretical results. The adsorption of 0.25 ML (1 ML = 1.25 x 10 15 adatoms/cm 2 ) Cs on the Ag(001) surface at 170 K leads to the formation of a c(2 x 4) superstructure. The Cs atoms are found to occupy fourfold hollow sites at d Cs = 2.49(20)A above the Ag(001) surface thereby shifting the underlying Ag atoms laterally by 0.029(5)A from their bulk positions. From the adsorption height we derive an effective Cs radius of 1.78(16)A. Large anisotropic disorder is observed for the Cs adatoms. Within the harmonic approximation we derive mean-squared displacement amplitudes of U 11 = 0.08(1)A 2 , U 22 = 0,10(1)A 2 and U 33 = 0.27(3)A 2 . An alterative model, suggested by the very large value of U33, was also tried, in which there are 15% of Ag vacancies in the top layer and a lower Cs site. This 'unusual' model is discussed in the context of current theories of alkali metal induced reconstructions.


This research aims to evaluate effect of soil plasticity index (PI) to shear strength parameters, e.i. the angle of shearing (φ) and cohesion value (c). Parameters of φ and c obtained from Direct Shear Test in soil mechanics laboratory. The soil samples used for the research were taken from Neuheun Village, Mesjid Raya Subdistrict, and Aceh Besar District. Based on AASHTO soil classification, the soil sample is a Group A-7-6, whereas based on USCS soil classification, the soil is sandy clay of CL symbol. Soil specimen for Undisturbed Sample (UDS) and Disturbed Sample (DS) were 20 samples respectively, each sample was made to be three sub samples. The result of research shows that there is a linier correlation of shearing angle to PI, i.e., φ = -0,700 IP + 47,474, R2 = 0.882 for Undisturbed Samples (UDS) and φ = -1,757 IP + 59,313, R2 = 0.891 for Disturbed Samples (DS). The result of research also shows there is a linier correlation of cohesion value to PI, i.e., c = -0,053 IP + 1,569, R2 = 0.887 for UDS and c = -0,076 IP + 1,882, R2 = 0.783 for DS. It can be concluded that shear strength parameters for all tested samples in this research influenced by soil plasticity index. The higher soil plasticity index resulted the lower Shear Strength Parameters.


Catalytic synthesis of decabromodiphenyl ether was carried out by brominating diphenyl oxide in the presence of a novel metal catalyst HD 01. Uniform test design and simplex optimization were applied in the research, and optimum conditions for the reaction were obtained. Under the optimized conditions, molar ratio of diphenyl ether to bromine was 1∶30, ratio of catalyst HD 01 to diphenyl oxide 1∶5( m/m ), diphenyl ether feeding temperature 30 °C , reflux time 5.5 hours and the yield of purified decabromodiphenyl ether was up to 95.2%. A simple and convenient purification method was developed in order to solve the existing domestic problems in decabromodiphenyl ether production.


This study was conducted to examine the factors that influenced students' recycling behavior in university. This research adopted the Expectancy Theory in explaining the motivational factors of university students' environmental behavior in terms of recycling. The dependent variable was student recycling behavior, while the independent variables were perceived recycling expectation, university norm expectancy, recycling service expectancy, and perceived recycling reward.  Perceived recycling expectation is comprised of three elements, namely management priority, performance-expectancy, and effort-expectancy.  The perceived recycling reward was analyzed with regards to intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. This study used a quantitative survey method, and data was collected using a set of structured questionnaires. The respondents involved were 313 undergraduate students from public and private universities. The finding shows that university norm expectancy, recycling service expectancy, and extrinsic reward were significant motivational factors for students' recycling behavior, whereas perceived recycling expectation was not a significant motivational factor for students' recycling behavior.


- The development of software systems is always faced with the choice of a very diverse system development methodology, this raises doubts for developers, because if one chooses the methodology it can affect the success or failure of developing this system. The research used by the author is using data from previous studies, reviewing journals, and making comparisons, in other words the author uses descriptive methods. Based on the research, it was found that the waterfall method is not suitable for high development models because the stages cannot be repeated, are expensive and the processing time is carried out in stages, while the Rapid application development (RAD) method is suitable for large projects because it uses an iterative method and can save money. cost


3 ABSTRACT: Pre Monsoon Ground water samples were collected from different locations of DCM Industrial area and adjoining areas for physico chemical and microbial studies. Analysis of samples for P H , TDS, Conductivity, Turbidity, Odour, Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate, Dissolved Oxygen, Hardness, Chlorides, Fluorides, Nitrate, Sodium, Potassium and Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD),Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD), Alkalinity, Free NH4, Coli form Organism, Fe +2 , As, Cu, Zn along with EC and Coli form Organism indicate towards major health concerns of living beings. On comparing results with drinking water quality standards laid down by WHO, it is found that most of the water samples are non potable for human beings due high concentration of one parameters or the other. Most of the samples have EC, free NH4, Coli form Organism much higher than the maximum permissible levels set up by WHO which are 300 μmhos/cm, 1.2 mg/L,<500 mg/L respectively. The high values of these parameters have health implications require adequate time bound remedial measures.


THE RECOVERY AND ANALYSIS OF DNA FROM FIRED CARTRIDGE CASINGS by Alicya Orlando Firearms, particularly handguns, are used in the commission of various crimes in the United States, though frequently the only evidence that a gun was used is cartridge casings. Thus, deeper investigation of the utility of DNA analysis for fired cartridge casings has been attempted. Previous studies have explored the probability of developing latent fingerprints and generating STR profiles from unfired and fired cartridge casings in attempt to identify the individual who loaded the gun. In each of these instances casings were washed to remove DNA from prior handlers. In reality, however, criminals will not wash the cartridges before firing them, thus the primary focus of this study was utilizing un-cleaned casings. A cumulative swabbing method was compared to a single swabbing method to determine which generated higher DNA yields and more complete STR profiles consistent with the loader. A consensus method for determining STR profiles was also compared to the two swabbing methods. Thirty volunteers handled 10 cartridges each and loaded them into the magazine of a gun; cartridges were fired and casings were collected and swabbed. DNAs were extracted, quantified, and amplified for STR typing. There was no difference in DNA yield between the swabbing methods, though cumulatively swabbing resulted in the greatest percentages of consistent alleles and profiles. The consensus profiling method had a higher rate of consistency than the single swabbing method but did not outperform the cumulative swabbing method.


Introduction
The passage of Senate Bill 493 (SB 493) granted California pharmacists the ability to order and interpret lab tests without physician approval. Despite this legislation, not all pharmacists are aware of, or exercise, this authority. The goals of this study are to describe 1) pharmacists' willingness, 2) perceived factors influencing pharmacist preparedness, and 3) challenges and barriers to ordering laboratory tests in the community setting.

Methods
This is a prospective, descriptive survey study that was performed using online survey software from August 31, 2017, to October 4, 2017. An anonymous link was distributed to California pharmacists via California Society of Health-System Pharmacists (CSHP) and California Pharmacists Association (CPhA) email newsletters. Additionally, targeted interviews of pharmacists were conducted by phone to qualitatively assess barriers as well as successful practices. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained prior to initiating the study.

Results
Sixty-six pharmacist respondents completed the online survey. The reported two biggest barriers to ordering lab tests identified by community pharmacists were 1) lack of available time and 2) compensation structure. Despite these barriers, most pharmacists were willing to order and interpret laboratory tests and accept the liability, regardless of a reimbursement guarantee.

Conclusions
Community pharmacists self-report preparedness to order and interpret laboratory tests. Barriers in carrying out this task include lack of staff, resources, compensation, and reimbursement structure.


INTRODUCTION – Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) are fatal transmissible neurodegenerative diseases occurring in a number of mammalian species such as CreutzfeldtJakob disease affecting humans, BSE affecting bovines, FSE affecting felines (cats) and Scrapie affecting moufflons, sheep and goats. TSE are characterised by the accumulation of an abnormal form of a host-encoded prion protein (PrP) in the central nervous system and lymphoid tissues of the affected individuals, eventually leading to death. Susceptibility to TSE diseases is partly genetically controlled and mainly depending on the inherited alleles of the PrP gene encoding the PrP. If it would be found that BSE could be transmitted from cattle to sheep then the effects would be huge due to the known effect of BSE causing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. To avoid human health risks the EU is implementing policies for selection against certain alleles of the PrP gene, which make sheep susceptible to Scrapie. An initial step is the investigation of the allele frequencies in various breeds. At least 15 allelic variants of the PrP gene are known in sheep. But generally (e.g. Goldmann et al., 1990; Belt et al., 1995), the PrP genotypes are described for the three codons (136, 154 and 171) which represent a polymorphism known to be linked to Scrapie susceptibility. At these codons, named after the amino acids they encode, the following alleles are distinguished: ARR, AHQ, ARH, ARQ and VRQ in order of increasing susceptibility. The aim of this paper is to present the initial results of an investigation of the PrP allele frequencies in Sicilian Valle del Belice dairy sheep and to compare these to cross-bred animals in Sicilian flocks with Scrapie outbreaks. Furthermore the genotyping for PrP offers opportunities for pedigree verification and reconstruction. This work is part of a broader project aimed at pedigree reconstruction and genotype errors in dairy sheep.


© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2021. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. DESCRIPTION White sponge naevus (WSN) is an unusual, benign condition characterised by the presence of diffuse white patches usually seen in the oral mucosa and sometimes in the oesophagus and genital mucosa. Oral lesions typically occur bilaterally symmetrical, thick, velvety, irregular white patches on the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, alveolar mucosa, palate, tongue and floor of the mouth which are unscrapable and are either present at birth or appear later in childhood. WSN is generally asymptomatic but the velvety surface irregularities harbour and promote bacterial or fungal growth which can lead to stomatopyrosis. Since they appear as white patches, they may have a psychological impact on the individuals and a detailed history with meticulous clinical examination is needed to eliminate other oral white lesions. The differential diagnosis of WSN ranges from normal oral mucosal variations, trauma induced white lesions, viral and fungal infections, dermatological diseases manifesting in the oral cavity to oral potentially malignant disorders as summarised in figure 1. Absence of history of chronic irritation/tissue abuse habits, lack of telltale signs like white striae or disappearance on stretching the mucosa, besides the absence of dermatological diseases or any other medical condition in addition to biopsy is required for the diagnosis of these bilaterally symmetrical white patches in the oral cavity. Viral and fungal lesions cannot be clinically differentiated from WSN but empirical antifungal therapy eliminates candidiasis. Although not pathognomonic, histologically hyperparakeratosis, acanthosis and vacuolisation of keratinocytes having a typical perinuclear eosinophilic condensation is observed in WSN. Since it is a developmental condition which reappears even after surgery, no treatment is required and only symptomatic relief in case of burning sensation owing to superadded bacterial or fungal infections needs to be treated. An 18yearold patient reported with the complaint of burning sensation in the mouth. History revealed the patient could not tolerate spicy food and had to modify his diet to a bland one to get relief for the past 1 month. He has white patches on his buccal mucosae since childhood which have never caused him any problems. He apparently did not have any substance abuse habits or history chronic cheek chewing habit. The patients' medical, dental, personal and family history were unremarkable. On clinical examination, welldemarcated, symmetrical white patch was present on buccal mucosae bilaterally, almost homogenously white, extending from commissure of lip till the retromolar region of size 4×3 cm approximately, irregular in shape with welldefined borders with smooth surface and velvety texture which was, rough in consistency, nontender on palpation and unscrapable. Focal erythematous areas present in the white patches possibly due to masticatory trauma (figure 2). These lesions were not seen anywhere else in the oral cavity or on the body. Since both frictional hyperkeratosis and morsicatio buccarum are seen clinically as white patches


Urban functional zones, such as commercial, residential, and industrial zones, are basic units of urban planning, and play an important role in monitoring urbanization. However, historical functional-zone maps are rarely available for cities in developing countries, as traditional urban investigations focus on geographic objects rather than functional zones. Recent studies have sought to extract functional zones automatically from very-high-resolution (VHR) satellite images, and they mainly concentrate on classification techniques, but ignore zone segmentation which delineates functional-zone boundaries and is fundamental to functional-zone analysis. To resolve the issue, this study presents a novel segmentation method, geoscene segmentation, which can identify functional zones at multiple scales by aggregating diverse urban objects considering their features and spatial patterns. In experiments, we applied this method to three Chinese cities—Beijing, Putian, and Zhuhai—and generated detailed functional-zone maps with diverse functional categories. These experimental results indicate our method effectively delineates urban functional zones with VHR imagery; different categories of functional zones extracted by using different scale parameters; and spatial patterns that are more important than the features of individual objects in extracting functional zones. Accordingly, the presented multiscale geoscene segmentation method is important for urban-functional-zone analysis, and can provide valuable data for city planners.


Experimental study and theoretical analysis indicate that effective length of flexible piles exists.Considering the resistance of rigid foundation to the relative displacement between piles and soils,assuming the frictional resistance distributed as triangle form,and based on the pile-soil compatible deformation,the effective length of piles is deduced.And the settlement of flexible piles composite foundation is divided into three sections to be calculated.Comparing the method introduced in this paper with several other methods,it is proved that the method is effective and feasible.


PURPOSE
To compare the efficacy of three initial monthly intravitreal aflibercept injections followed by pro re nata (3+PRN) dosing versus five initial monthly intravitreal aflibercept injections followed by pro re nata (5+PRN) dosing in patients with diabetic macular edema.

METHODS
A total of 60 treatment-naïve patients with macular edema who underwent intravitreal aflibercept injections (2 mg/0.05 mL) with at least one year of follow-up were analyzed in this retrospective and comparative study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the number of intravitreal aflibercept injections administered in the loading phase. The 3+PRN group comprised 27 patients, whereas the 5+PRN group comprised 33 patients. The visual and anatomical outcomes were compared between the two groups at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

RESULTS
Both 3+PRN and 5+PRN, showed statistically significant improvements in the best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thicknesse throughout the study period (p<0.001 and, p<0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of changes in the best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness (p=0.453 and, p=0.784, respectively). The mean number of intravitreal aflibercept injections was significantly greater in the 5+PRN group (6.1 ± 0.8) than in the 3+PRN group (3.9 ± 0.8) (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION
The 3+PRN and 5+PRN regimens showed similar 12-month visual and anatomical outcomes following treatment with intravitreal aflibercept injections in patients with macular edema.


This paper presents the concept of a telematics system that not only opens an audiovisual communication channel to ground-based doctors, but also provides them with medical background information on the patient (e.g., diabetes, hemophilia, contraindication of certain medications, etc.). This information can be a vital supplement to the diagnostic data relayed to the specialist by the cabin crew, aiding the doctor in deciding on the right therapy, instructing the crew appropriately and monitoring the treatment.


Sometimes rock stimulations by fluid injections into geothermal boreholes are able to trigger perceptible or even potentially damaging earthquakes. This does not seem to be the case for hydraulic fracturing of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Reasons for such a difference and factors defining magnitudes of induced earthquakes (triggered tectonicly as well as induced artificially) remain unclear. We analyzed microseismic data obtained by fluid stimulations at different geothermal and hydrocarbon sites. This analysis indicates that a rupture corresponding to a fluid-induced earthquake seems to be only probable along a surface located mainly inside a stimulated rock volume. We approximated the stimulated volume by an ellipsoid, and compared the statistics of induced events with the statistics of randomly distributed thin flat disks modeling rupture surfaces. We found that one of the main factors limiting the probability to induce a large-magnitude event is the minimum principal axis of a fluid-stimulated rock volume....


TROPICAL MEDICINE FROM 1978 TO 2000 In September 1978, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the year 2000 should mark "the attainment by all peoples of the world ... of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life" (1). Clearly, this goal has not been achieved. However, major strides have been made in the past 22 years since this statement was signed to greatly improve the health of the world's population. Changes have especially benefited those in middle and lower income countries. Amongst our successes are the celebrated eradication of smallpox in 1980 and the elimination of polio from the Americas in recent years. With these successes in hand, the WHO has assigned the year 2000 to be the date for the total eradication of Polio and Guinea worm as well as the elimination of leprosy, neonatal tetanus, Chagas' disease and iodine deficiency (2). Health officials foresee the future elimination of filaria and oncocerchiasis. The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) saves an estimated 3 million lives per year (3). Massive efforts have achieved a feasible cold chain to provide well refrigerated vaccines to even the most remote areas of the world and primary health care is being provided for an increasing number of the people (4). Provision of primary care and availability of refrigeration alone will infinitely facilitate initiation of further campaigns. Elimination efforts have been greatly successful worldwide. Guinea worm incidence has been reduced from 3.6 million cases in 1986 to 58,515 in 1997 (99.9% of remaining cases are in Africa) (5). Polio incidence has been reduced from >35,000 cases in 1988 to ~5000 cases in 1997 (6). Primary care and nutritional interventions have decreased child mortality from 90 per 1000 live births in 1975 to 59 per 1000 live births in 1995 (4). Motherhood is safer than it has ever been. Life expectancy has increased from 61 years to 66 years, and the chance of dying before age 5 has decreased from 124 per 1000 to 83 per 1000 since 1978 (7). These improvements have occurred even in the face of the overwhelming increase in mortality brought about by the HIV pandemic (see preceding paper, 8).


A20-year-old, right-hand dominant,active dutymanpresented with the complaintofacute right arm swelling and discomfort with associated mild numbness of the fingertips of his right hand while lifting weights. Over the week prior to presentation, he had increased both the number of repetitions and the amount ofweightlifted. Hedenies any similarepisodes in the past. The patient is otherwise healthy, and has never been hospitalized or had any surgery. His family history is unremarkable. Hedoes not smoke or drink alcohol.