Çukuriçi Höyük 4. Household Economics in the Early Bronze Age Aegean is a pioneering interdisciplinary account of households and socio-political organization in Aegean prehistory, written by a socio-cultural anthropologist embedded in a team of prehistoric archaeologists. Sabina Cveček applies methods of historical anthropology to address key issues in discussing households and socio-political organization at the dawn of the Bronze Age Aegean and beyond. By navigating through the "dwelling perspective" at two prehistoric mound sites, namely Çukuriçi Höyük in western Anatolia (Turkey) and Platia Magoula Zarkou in Thessaly (Greece), Cveček scrutinizes the conflicting relations between metanarratives and site-based archaeological contexts, complemented by historical ethnographic accounts. This unique interdisciplinary contribution will appeal not only to specialists in Aegean prehistory and historical anthropologists, but also to scholars in the social sciences and humanities. It may inspire scholars to recognize the unparalleled value of archaeological materiality in addressing non-state imagined communities, alongside historical, ethnographic, and other written sources.


The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of return on assets and operating costs of income on the return on profit sharing from mudharabah deposits in Islamic commercial banks. The population and sample in this study are Islamic Banking Statistics (SPS) data, which includes statistics on Return on Assets, Operating Costs of Operational Income, and return on profit sharing from mudharabah deposits for Islamic Commercial Banks from January 2016 to December 2019. The results show that partial and simultaneous return on assets and operating costs of operating income have a positive and significant effect on return for the results of mudharabah deposits for Islamic Commercial Banks. However, the most dominant variable that has the greatest influence in this study is the operational cost of operating income.


Background: Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis which manifests as a triad of skin rashes, joint pain and abdominal pain. The cutaneous manifestations include nonthrombocytopenic, nonblanching palpable purpura. The skin lesions are usually seen mainly in the lower limbs and this has been ascribed to the effects of gravity. The disease is common in childhood and relatively rare in adulthood. Case Report: A 60 year old female presented with two weeks history of rashes, abdominal pain, loose stools, knee and shoulder pain .The rashes were multiple and symmetrical and first noticed by her in left upper limb, within a day appeared on the other limb and lower limbs also. Skin biopsy report revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with neutrophilic infiltration and prominent nuclear fragmentation, involving the upper and middle layers of the dermis with IgA deposition on immunofluorescence. She was treated with Oral Prednisolone 20 mg BID. The rash had resolved at follow up with resolution of symptoms. The unique feature of this case was involvement of upper limbs and age of the patient. Conclusion: This case underlines the points that occasionally even the upper limb can be involved and even elderly adults can have this condition. There is a need for clinicians to be aware of the varied presentations of this condition.


An experiment was conducted on lucerne (cv. Wairau), growing on a yellow-brown pumice soil low in magnesium. Under a regime of four harvests annually, small but sign&cant yield responses of 4 and 5% were obtained in the third year to additions of 17 and 34 kg/ha Mg, respectively, when the topsoil (0 to 7.5 cm) Mg value in the control plots had fallen to 2 units (advisory scale). Responses were associated with a concentration of 0.09% Mg in herbage cut ,at the onset of flowering. Foliar symptoms of magnesium deficiency were a chlorosis which increased in severity towards the base of the plant,


The aim of present investigation was to develop the behavioural instrument for measuring the achievement motivation in sport matches. According to 5-stage behavioural measurement system, the instrument was established and was applied for Iran national soccer team among three matches. The results have revealed the good validity, intra-rater, and inter-rater reliabilities for measuring motivational behaviours in sport contexts. In addition, the repeated measure analysis of variance has shown the applicability of new instrument for studying the association of achievement behaviours with successful performance, through significant differences between achievement behaviours in different matches with varied outcomes (p<.05).It seems the developed instrument is applicable for coaches to discriminate achievement behaviours of players during the match and select their strategy and players' substitutions according to their trends and behaviours for success.


It has been postulatedthat the intestinalanaerobes play a role In the etiologyof large bowelcancer. This study was designedto characterizeand comparethe fecabanaerobesof patientswith large bowel cancer, patients wfth nonheredbtary large bowel pobyps,and healthy control subjects.Althoughsome distributional variationsof the anaerobicgenerawereobservedamong the studygroups,significantdifferencesin fecalanaero bic microflora and total aerobic counts were not noted. Thissuggests thattaxonomic grouping offecalbacteriais an inadequatemeasureof relative risk of developing bargebowelcancer.However,the fecal microbialla-dc hydroxylase andcholesteroldehydrogenase activitiesof largebowelcancerpatientsand patientswithnonheredi tary large bowel polypswere significantlyhigherthan thoseof healthycontrolsubjects.Onthe otherhand,no significantdifferencein fecabmicrobial/3-glucuronidase activitywasnotedamongthe studygroups.It maybethat assessment of the total metabolicactivitiesof the intes tinalmicroflora willprovidea betterunderstanding oftheir potentialroleinthe genesisof largebowelcancer.


At first glance, the politics of Charles Irenee Castel, abbe de SaintPierre, must appear as anomalous to modern historians as they did to his often-bewildered contemporaries. A creature of the royal court since becoming chaplain to the duchesse d'Orleans in 1692, the abbe de SaintPierre developed into one of the court's keenest observers and sharpest critics, perhaps because, as he confessed later, he was not able " 'to become general minister as a result of the present constitution of our monarchy and my poor talents for flattery.' "1 Saint-Pierre frequently ran into trouble because of his bluntness and lack of discretion. His vitriolic attack on the administration of Louis XIV and his defense of an "aristo-monarchie" won him such notoriety that the Academie Francaise expelled him from their ranks in 1718.2 The Club d'Entresol, of which he was a leading member, was closed down by an irritated Cardinal Fleury in 1732, the result of leaks by associates who publicly boasted of its freewheeling criticisms of the state.3 Yet Saint-Pierre was not a rebel by instinct or conviction. His fundamental political goal was the restoration of order and stability in the state, his social and political theory being rooted in many of the same concerns as that of Thomas Hobbes.4 Saint-Pierre made no secret of his admiration for Richelieu and


An ammonia compound concentration measuring device for measuring the ammonia compound to be measured contained in the circulation gas, is disposed in the piping unit, and the pipe unit is distributed gas flows, distribution converting means for converting the ammonia obtained in the ammonia and, flowing through the piping unit the gas wherein the concentration of ammonia contained in the piping path that does not pass through the first measured value and, conversion means the concentration of ammonia contained in the first circulation gas flowing from a pipe path through the converting means to the second circulation gas flows a second measurement for measuring means for measuring the value and controls the operation of the pipe unit, a measuring unit, and calculates a first measured value and the second concentration of the ammonia compound to be measured contained in from the difference of the measured value, distribution gas having a control means, and subjected to measurement by the laser light of near-infrared-infrared range.


The RCN programme comprises reactor physics, fuel performance, radiation damage in canning materials, corrosion behaviour in canning materials, aerosol research and heat transfer and hydraulics.


"Ethics" refers to a code of morals, either written or implied, of a particular person, group, or profession, while ethical has to do with conforming to the standard of conduct. Although usually an adj ective, "professional" is commonly used as a noun to describe an individual engaged in, or worthy of, the high standards of a profession. During the past several months, we have been bombarded by the news media with examples of corruption, unethical conduct, and questionable activities of both elected and appointed individuals. We all, no doubt, abhor these activities. On the other hand, some of our own daily actions could also be construed as unethical, unprofessional, or at least questionable. This, was brought home to me the other day by the editor of a major journal when he said something like, "I can have any report rejected by picking selected reviewers or I can have any report accepted by picking another group." As he pointed out, some referees always accept a report, while another group always rej ects. I suspect the reasons are selfevident and sometimes, unfortunately, self-serving. A similar approach is not foreign to the review of research proposals. Some referees always accept, other accept only those of their friends and colleagues, and still others always seem to reject, are excessively negative, and refer only to their own reports, projects, and ideas. Some funding agencies are also plagued with questionable activities. Certain proposals are funded only if they are submitted from an "approved" list of investigators, universities, or firms. Different entities might accept concepts that support only their own special ideas or interests, which may be exceedingly narrow. Although illegal and certainly never admitted, some funding may be "wired" to a particular individual or firm before the Request for Proposal is even written. Relative to letters of reference, a few people are too busy to reply, others may offer glowing letters of support despite obvious deficiencies (this provides a potential way of getting rid of someone), and still others may be very critical in a letter and yet leave the impression with he individual that he was strongly recommended. Owing to the potential for being sued, a growing number of individuals refuse even to write a reference letter that might be construed as being critical. As far as performance evaluations are concerned, some administrators imply excellent performance that, in fact, was poor at best. This can come back to haunt several people, when promotion or tenure are denied. Some others tend to be especially critical by placing maj or weight on deficiencies, while down-playing accomplishments. Another question of ethics and professionalism deals with adverse actions, such as legal cases, where one serves as an expert or expert witness. Certainly one owes some loyalty to the client, but how much? Is it ethical to fail to mention pertinent facts, to throw up a smoke screen before a judge and jury, or to testify in support of a concept that one knows or should know is wrong, merely to satisfy the client? I think not; we are ethically bound to be honest with the client. If they are not satisfied with the interpretation, they can always settle, or find another expert witness. What are the consequences of some of the above acti vi ties? Perhaps nothing, perhaps a loss of face, faith, or trust, maybe even a legal action. But whatever the result, it is clear that a reputation once sold or given away is thereafter worthless, as well it should be. As T.S. Eliot so aptly stated, "Of all that was done in the past, you eat the fruit, either rotten or ripe." . Perhaps the greatest loss is the sense of rectitude, that is, the sense of possession of integrity. Did we not enjoy this during World War II when America clearly was on the side of the right and the good? It seems to me that when a nation, or a profession, acknowledges (either openly or otherwise) the loss of ethics (the operational loss, not just the conceptual loss) then loss of effectiveness is close behind. When a society or an organization loses self-respect and self-trust, it is beset with indecision on the one hand and suspicion on the other. The products of integrity and trust, such as reliability and predictability, can be generated only by enforced regulation, and by checking and counter-checking measures, none or all of which is as efficient as honest business. In the final analysis, agreements -whether treaties, contracts, or handshakes -basically are only as good as the intentions of the parties concerned. Clearly, when ethics are weakened, everyone is the loser.


BACKGROUNDIschemic anoxic encephalopathy often results in the earlier death and permanent brain injury of the newborn. CASE REPORTOut of 216 cases of ischemic anoxic encephalopathy, 135 cases were light degree, 61 mild degree and 20 severe degree, and except fo r 5 cases of leave hospital automatically, the other was treated in hospital for 7~21 days. 180 cases were cured, 32 cases were turned for better and 4 cases were dead.DISCUSSIONNewborn's asphyxiati on is a primacy reason to cause ischemic anoxic encephalopathy.


Background:  Vaccines are one of the most successful and cost-effective health intervention. It becomes imperative that use of vaccine was done through a proper framework of practical decision-making that confers positive health and economic benefits to the society of which Vaccine Wastage was a key factor. The aim of the study is to assess "Vaccine Wastage Rate" and "Wastage Factor" of different vaccines given to beneficiaries in Immunization Clinic and based on the above data, recommend measures to reduce it in the Immunization clinic Methods: The present study was a Record Based Retrospective study carried out in Immunization Clinic in Madhav Dispensary of tertiary center at Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. The data was collected from 1 April 2015 - 31 March 2016. Results: Immunization Sessions were conducted in Immunization clinic during reference period and 7 vaccines BCG, OPV, DPT, Hepatitis B, pentavalent, measles and TT were given. Among individual vaccines, wastage rate and wastage factor in BCG (20.71 and 1.26), OPV (14.65 and 1.17), DPT (15.6 and 1.18), Hepatitis B (10.56 and 1.12), Pentavalent (5.2 and 1.05), Measles (21.68 and 1.28), TT (7.09 and 1.08), and IPV (10.49 and 1.12) was respectively . Conclusions:  Vaccine wastage could be expected in all programmes and there should be an acceptable limit of wastage. Innovative techniques to be developed not only to reduce wastage but also the operational cost for convenience of children who were to be vaccinated and parents who bring their children for vaccination without compromising coverage.


Since its first description in 1874 by Charcot, the hallmark feature of ALS is the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motoneurons (Charcot, 1874). In the spinal cord, motoneuron degeneration starts long before symptom onset and advances in a size-related fashion, in which large-size alpha-motoneurons degenerate first followed by small-size alpha-motoneurons (Pun et al., 2006; Hegedus et al., 2007; Hegedus et al., 2008). There are conflicting reports regarding the survival of the smallest-sized spinal motoneurons, the gamma-motoneurons (Swash and Fox, 1974; Sobue et al., 1981). Despite its original description, the neuronal degeneration in ALS is not limited to motoneurons. Recent reports have shown evidence for degeneration of neurons in the brain (Karim et al., 1998; Lloyd et al., 2000; Maekawa et al., 2004) and interneurons in the spinal cord (Konno et al., 1986; Williams et al., 1990; Takahashi et al., 1993; Stephens et al., 2006). Before their degeneration, spinal motoneurons experience progressive changes in their properties. These changes result from the pathological actions of the disease and the compensatory mechanisms of the nervous system to mitigate the neuronal malfunction. In this chapter, we describe the changes in the anatomical and electrical properties of spinal motoneurons in various genetic mouse models of ALS and critically analyze literature for the common and different pathological features across these models. We also present data from computer simulations showing the consequences of the alterations in properties of mutant motoneurons on cell excitability and dendritic processing of synaptic inputs. The presented computational analysis allowed for the identification of motoneuron alterations undetectable using standard electrophysiological methods. This information is essential for understanding motoneuron pathophysiology in ALS.


Pulmonary hypertension is a serious complication that can develop in patients with secundum Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and based on Euro Heart Survey, 24,77% of ASD patients develop PH. The gold-standard for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in ASD is right heart catheterization. However, in low-middle income country like Indonesia, right heart catheterization only available in a few centers while Indonesia is often referred as the world's largest archipelago. Thus, there is a huge number of undiagnosed and untreated patients with ASD-PH in Indonesia, especially in patients who lives in rural and isolated area. This research was initiated to investigate the diagnostic value of simple 12-lead ECG in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in ASD with the intention to help doctors in isolated area.

 We performed a cross-sectional study analyzing the 12-lead ECG and mean arterial pressure collected from right heart catheterization from 120 patients with secundum ASD aged > 18 years old. The 12-lead ECG collected within 24 hours before RHC procedure.

 We analyzed the ECG and RHC from 60 subjects diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension and 60 subjects without pulmonary hypertension. We found that R in lead V1 + S in lead V6> 12,5 mV, right axis deviation (RAD), and RV strain were independent predictors of pulmonary hypertension in secundum ASD. Based on Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC), we obtained that R in V1 + S in V6> 12,5 mm, right axis deviation (RAD), and RV strain has an Area Under of Curve (AUC) of 80,8%, 70,5%, and 85,6% respectively. We developed a scoring system and a score of >5 have a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 84,4%, positive predictive value of 84,4%, negative predictive value of 90%, and accuracy of 87,1%. We also developed a predictor for pulmonary vascular disease (low flow and high resistance PH) to predict wether the defect can be closed. We obtained that R in V6 + S in V6 > 27,5 mm can predict a low flow high resistance pulmonary hypertension in secundum ASD with an AUC of 77,1% (CI 95% 58-96,1%)

 ECG score of 12-lead ECG derived from this study can be used to predict PH in secundum ASD. It may help cardiologists or general practitioners in rural and isolated area to diagnose pulmonary hypertension in ASD and plan the best management for the patients.


Objective To investigate the alteration in liver functions after temporary occlusion of half or total liver blood flow for the lobectomy.Methods The patients were divided into two groups;half liver occlusion group(HLO,n=28);total liver occlusion group(TLO,n=35).Serum albumin,sGPT,bilirubin and CHE were measured preoperatively and on 1,2,3,5 days postoperatively.Temperature and pulse were also observed in the meantime.Results the mean duration of interrupt blood flow in HLO group was significantly longer than that TLO group(P0.05).Postoperative sGPT and bilirubin levels in HLO group were remarkably lower than in TLO group(P0.05).Temperature and pulse on 1,2,3 days postoperatively in half liver occlusion group were notably lower than that in TLO group(P0.05).Conclusion Half liver vascular occlusion has the advantages of both better tolerance to ischemia and slighter liver function injury for the lobectomy.


The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) designs, operates, and maintains stormwater detention basins. These basins are used to control storm water runoff from highways, thereby controlling flows in down gradient areas. Historically, storm water basin design has been based solely on hydraulic considerations. Recent initiatives by the Washington State Department of Ecology have indicated that storm water quality has become a high priority. Consequently, future design must consider water quality as well as flood control. To have control of the variables associated with removal efficiencies (flow rate, contaminant type, contaminant concentrations, particle size distribution, and basin configuration) a scale model of a typical detention basin was constructed. Experiments to determine removal efficiencies for suspended solids with diameters less than 75 microm were conducted and the results were compared with the Type 1 sedimentation theory for an ideal basin. Preliminary investigations into the removal efficiencies for lead, zinc, cadmium, and copper were performed at one flow rate and optimized piping configuration. The removal of suspended solids ranged from 65-80%. Type 1 sedimentation theory for an ideal basin yielded good predictions of sediment removal. This implies that Type 1 sedimentation theory could be used to estimate sediment removal in full scale systems under similar system conditions. Care should be taken when predictions are required at high surface overflow rates or for highway runoff that contains a significant fraction of small particles. The removal of metals ranged from 28-40% indicating that removal of smaller particles is necessary to achieve better removal efficiencies for metals.


or the side on which it is located, and that it is present in a large proportion of patients of all ages.1.3,7,. There have been reports of an association between the presence of the reflex and the existence of a contralateral lesion, as demonstrated by CT scanning" reports, and also of an increased prevalence of the reflex among patients with disorders of the basal ganglia." However, the results of radiological examinations should be interpreted with caution, since the neurophysiological dysfunction may be much more diffuse than the anatomical location of the primary lesion suggests! The palmomental reflex is a polysynaptic reflex that is integrated in the brainstem. It is normally somewhat inhibited by cerebral cortical and subcortical activitiy, since its frequency in infants and children decreases with increasing maturation and myelination of the brain.2.10,11 The finding in our study of an increased prevalence of the reflex among patients with cerebral dysfunction suggests, especially with regard to patients with signs of generalized disturbance of higher cortical functions or impairment of the conscious state, that, in such patients, a disinhibition of the reflex circuit has occurred.I-" The corticobulbar pathways and circuits


Abstract Purpose The purpose of the present study was to assess perception of pain and pain management in smokers versus nonsmokers who received a total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods Patients who underwent THA from 2010 to 2016 were propensity score matched 1:1 based on race, body mass index, age, and sex. This yielded 124 smokers and 124 nonsmokers. Pain intensity was quantified using area under the curve for visual analog scale pain scores. Opioid consumption was determined using a morphine milliequivalent (mEq) conversion algorithm. An independent samples t-test and Chi-square analysis was conducted to assess continuous and categorical variables respectively. Results Smokers experienced a nonsignificantly increased pain intensity (198.1 vs. 185.7; p = 0.063). Smokers demonstrated significantly higher opioid consumption in both immediate postoperative (65.9 vs. 59.3 mEq; p = 0.045) and 90 days postoperative periods (619.9 vs. 458.9 mEq; p = 0.029). Conclusion Our study demonstrated a nonsignificantly increased pain intensity, and (in both the immediate and 90 days postoperative periods) a significantly higher opioid consumption following THA in patients who smoke cigarettes. This may be due to a relatively small effect size, warranting the need for larger prospective studies. Nevertheless, arthroplasty surgeons should encourage preoperative smoking cessation and alternative nonopioid analgesics to smoking patients receiving THA. Level of Evidence This is a level III, retrospective cohort study.


Optical thin films for LD-pumped Nd:YAG/LBO yellow laser at 556nm are presented in this paper. To achieve 1 112 nm laser action and output 556 nm yellow laser with high power, the coating design of resonator mirrors was analyzed. The spectrum transmittance/reflectance request was reasonably distributed on the two resonator facet reflectivity to restrain the other laser lines such as 946 nm, 1 064 nm and 1 319 nm. The dielectric high reflective laser mirrors was achieved by double ion beam sputter technique for the first time, which was controlled by a time-power monitoring method. When the incident pump power was 2 W, CW 556 nm yellow laser output power of 102 mW was obtained.


Using Leray–Schauder degree theory, a theorem of upper and lower solutions and a strong maximum principle for the telegraph equation we prove an Ambrosetti–Prodi-type result for periodic solutions of the telegraph equation.


The example of construction robust a multivariate control system with the variable structure using in the basis a biological principle homeostasis is considered. The general structure and algorithm of the multizoned regulation consistently using alternative resources of system on a measure of removal of object from the set condition are resulted. On imitating model the results confirming occurrence in system of property of ultrastable are received


Objective To provid the comparison and clinical outcome of two fixators for treating the elderly's femoral neck fracture and femoral intertrochanteric fracture.Methods Ninety cases from January ,2004 to December,2007 were retrospectively analysed .All of them were operated on and were X-rayed during operation.Among them ,48 cases were internally fixed with anatomical proximal femoral plats(APFP),and 42 cases were exterally fixed with adjustable single-armed external fixators(ASEF).Operation time, incision length, blood loss, postoperative VAS pain score and Harris score,complication, postoperative hospitalization, functional recovery were analysed and compared between the two groups.Results All cases were followed up for average 21 months and there was no infection, displacement of fracture, loose and break of fixators et al.There were two cases with nail tunnel inflammation in the ASEF group, and no special complication in the APFP group.There were no significant statistic differences regarding postoperative hospitalization time in the two groups.The average operative time was 73.5 minutes in the APFP group and 33.6 minutes in the ASEF group.The average operative blood loss was 225.5ml in the APFP group and 102.5ml in the ASEF group.The average incision length was 12.6cm in the APFP group and 6.8cm in the ASEF group.The average VAS pain score of postoperative 1st, 2nd, 3rd day were 4.6,3.8,2.9 in the APFP group and 3.5,2.9,2.3 in the ASEF group.The average Harris score was 89.3 in APFP group 90.4 in ASEF group at the 1 month follow-up and there was significant statistic difference.The average Harris score was 91.4in APFP group 91.7 in ASEF group at the 3 month follow-up and there was no significant statistic difference.The average entire fracture union time was 11.3 months in the APFP group and 13.2 months in the ASEF group.And there were signifcant statistic differences between the two groups.Conclusion When old patients with femoral neck fracture or femoral intertrochanteric fracture are treated, fit fixators must be choosen based on patients' different condition.APFP is fit for the strong patients,who can endure long operative time and with good quality of bone to obtain good biomechanic fixation and stablity.If the condition is contrary,external fixators should be used to reduce operative injury.


Magnitude-and-sign counter includes conventional up/down counter for magnitude part and special additional circuitry for sign part. Negative numbers indicated more directly. Counter implemented by programming erasable programmable logic device (EPLD) or programmable logic array (PLA). Used in place of conventional up/down counter to provide sign and magnitude values directly to other circuits.


As the process mining domain continues to see growing interest among various industry sectors globally, it is expedient to study its impact in organisations. Currently, no models or frameworks exist specifically to assess the impact of process mining. Although generic IT/ IS impact models or frameworks could be adopted, they are unlikely to cater to the contextual nuances particular to the process mining environment. This study aims to provide a clear conceptualised understanding of process mining impact and its success factors and contextual elements. The extent to which these contextual factors contribute to Process Mining impact will also be ascertained. Applying a multi-phased qualitative analysis approach, secondary data from published case studies and empirical data from real-life case studies will be analysed to derive an empirically validated process mining impact model. Current research progress includes a structured literature review on Success literature and building an a priori model from the analysis of secondary case studies.


One of the most significant procedures for getting the principal food to newborns within six months is nutritive sucking. On the other hand, developing the precise coordination of feeding skills actions under oral feeding is usually critical for premature infants and may affect the body and neural development of them. Thus, data collecting related to the oral feeding is useful for doctors who are seeking to make more accurate clinical diagnoses for related issues to oral feeding skills in preterm infants. There are different factors involved in the process of evaluating the feeding skills of infants, clinical experience of medical staffs is one of the most important ones. However, we still face a deficiency of monitoring systems for evaluating the feeding skills of infants quantitatively and objectively. In this study, an original wireless monitoring system is introduced to facilitate the process of evaluating the feeding behavior of infants both quantitatively and objectively. This unique monitoring system will also assess the process of analyzing the characteristics of oral feeding skills. Here, a specific measurer system was applied to monitor the sucking and expression pressure actions noninvasively. Based on the experimental results, the sucking rate and intensity increased by growing the infants. In contrast, the positive expression pressure decreased under the same condition. The proposed system successfully assessed the feeding behavior of infants. Furthermore, it can perform as an objective tool for evaluating oral feeding ability and identifying the risk of infant developmental delays in the future.


Abstract— High birefringence and relatively low‐viscosity isothiocyanate‐based liquid‐crystal compounds and mixtures were developed. A high figure‐of‐merit (FoM), which implies a fast response time of the described liquid crystals was observed. Using the new UCF mixture in a 2‐μm cell, a submillisecond response time was obtained. The UV stability dilemma is discussed as a common concern for high‐birefringence LC materials.


The international migration of the Kichwa Otavalos is an important element when analyzing the economic and social development of this community. This migratory process has been generated in two important flows, the first one dating before the 90s and the second one starting from the 1999 financial crisis in Ecuador. The second period stands out for being the expeller of thousands of otavalos abroad, since the economic, social, and political situation of the country at that time did not show incentives of progress for the Kichwa otavalos...


In this paper, we introduce and study two new search models on digraphs: the directed searching and mixed directed searching. In these two search models, both searchers and intruders must follow the edge directions when they move along edges. We prove the monotonicity of both search models, and we show that both directed and mixed directed search problems are NP-complete.


The determination of the shape and size of the earth and the location of places on its surface, referred to selected fundamental planes, are the geodesist's principal contributions to geography. The earliest geographers must have found it very difficult to carry on their operations, owing to lack of knowledge of the shape and size of the earth and of the true relative positions of the areas under investigation. A very good value for the size of the earth was obtained from the measurement by triangulation of a meridional are of about 81/, degrees extending north and south of Paris by Domenico and Jacques Cassini betweeni the years 1683 and 1716.1 But the fact that the earth's mean figure is an oblate spheroid was only discovered as a result of the observations made in Peru and in Lapland. This work was begun in 1735.2 The first near approach to the actual figure of the earth resulted from trialgulation done in the last decades of the eighteenth century to connect the observatories of Paris and Greenwich and to determine the length of the earth's meridian quadrant. For the latter purpose an are of the meridian of nearly ten degrees was measured in France. One ten-millionth of the resulting length was adopted as the standard of length (the meter). Any other length could have been selected, as the standard for the meter bears no such exact relation to a quadrant, as later and more accurate data show.3 Geodesists were very active during the nineteenth century, and will be for some time to come, in making geodetic measurements to determine the mean figure of the earth with greater and greater precision. There comes a time, for any given area, when it is useless to add more geodetic data for the purpose of obtaining a more nearly exact mean figure, for there are constant or systematic errors present in the data the effect of which is probably much greater than that of the accidental errors.


The contamination of poultry tissues by total organochlorine (OC) pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Slovenia was examined from a public health perspective. As part of systematic veterinary and sanitary monitoring of foods of animal origin from 1997 to 1999, 87 samples of fat tissue were examined for the presence of alpha-HCH, lindane, heptachlor, and total DDT (plus DDE and DDD) and 88 samples of fat tissue were examined for the presence of total PCBs (sum of PCB congeners). The levels of poultry tissue contamination in six regions of Slovenia were determined. Levels of OC pesticides were below detection limits in 86.2% of analyses performed. Total PCB levels for most samples (59.1%) of poultry fat tissue were in the 0.002- to 0.02-mg/kg range. The level of contamination with OC pesticides and total PCBs in poultry fat tissue was not influenced by the type of poultry and was the highest in samples from industrial areas, which have been ecologically disturbed. All samples met Slovenian and European Union tolerances.


This report focuses on the system integration aspect of the Transportation Information Management System (TIMS), a component of the FAST-TRAC project. The TIMS functions as the center of a communications network which integrates advanced traffic control with traffic surveillance and traveler information systems. The TIMS also collects and distributes traffic information across jurisdictional levels of traffic agencies. The case study describes the system integration process, the institutional context, the evolution of the systems integration approach, lessons learned, and future prospects.


ontribution/ role of T.N. Godavaraman Thirumulpad in protection and conservation of environment especially with respect to forests in India has beenprodigious. Popularly known as the "Green Man" he assured through various methods like filing of varied PILs and interceding in numerous projects, that legitimate harmony could be accomplished between consumption of resources and conservation of the same, exclusively conservation of forests. Environmental law being a field of national importance has attracted a great deal of participation from different NGOs, private organization, apex court and most importantly the common man without whose contribution and support ideal environmental conditions cannot be attained. The Supreme Court of India has always acted as a catalyst to back/support the growth and development of the environment through ensuring the protection of all components of environment by generating new jurisprudences like that of "absolute liability doctrine" and adding international concepts of sustainable development, precautionary principle and polluter pay principle.


The term alternans refers to a period-doubling bifurcation that occurs in rapidly-paced cardiac cells: although all stimuli are equally spaced, short and long action potentials alternate with one another. Cardiac waves that propagate in extended tissue often suffer phase reversals at various locations, a phenomenon that is known as discordant alternans. Even simulations cannot capture the full complexity of this phenomenon with realistic cardiac models in three-dimensional geometry. Significant insight into the phenomenon has been gained from the study of simple cardiac models propagating in just one dimension, and this is the context of the present paper. The patterns of phase reversals may be either stationary or traveling. In the figure below, taken from reference [1], the former are illustrated in the upper figure, the latter, in the lower figure. Applying the weakly nonlinear analysis of Echebarria-Karma [2], Dai and Schaeffer [1] showed that which pattern actually occurs in a given simulation as the pacing rate is increased depends on a dimensionless combination of physiological parameters. In simulations with the simplest cardiac model, the two-current model of [4], only the case of traveling discordant alternans is ever observed. Stationary patterns have been observed, but only in simulations of physiologically complicated cardiac models. The goal of this paper is to study a simple cardiac model—the three-current model introduced by Fenton-Karma [3]—in which stationary discordant alternans may be observed in simulations. In the two-current model the dependence of the action potential duration (APD) on the diastolic interval (DI) is closely tied to the dependence of the wave speed (c) on DI, while in the three-current model separate parameters control the dependence of APD and c on DI. This flexibility allows us to choose parameters that locate the model in the regime of stationary discordant alternans. (These terms will be defined more carefully in the body of the paper.)


The paper reviews the developmental application of sampling skills to the inventory of forest resources' planning and design in our country,and introduces application occasion,sampling methods and theoretical basis of afterwards stratified sampling technique.It concerns that the theory of afterwards stratified sampling technique is perfect and operation is simple.Its application can both improve sampling precision and lower expense for the inventory under the circumstance of not enough of general information.Taking the sampling data selected from the inventory of forest resources' planning and design in Yanshan county in 2005 as an example,the comparison between afterwards stratified sampling and systematic sampling reveals that sampling precision is obviously improved.


This paper probes into various links needing attention in the implementation of WLAN engineering,and through the typical cases,analyzes some common scenarios for wireless coverage and some notes for the optimization,and puts forwards some solutions.


The coupling between the valley degree of freedom and the optical helicity is one of the unique phenomena in transition metal dichalcogenides. The significant valley polarization evaluated from circularly polarized photoluminescence (PL) has been reported in many transition metal dichalcogenides, except in MoSe2. This compound is an anomalous material showing ultra-fast relaxation of the valley polarized states, which causes negligible polarization in the PL. Meanwhile, circularly polarized electroluminescence (EL) has been recently reported in a WSe2 light-emitting transistor, providing another method for using the valley degree of freedom. Here, we report the EL properties of MoSe2, demonstrating electrical switching of the optical helicity. Importantly, we observed high circular polarization reaching 66%. The results imply that the dominant mechanism of circularly polarized EL is robust against intervalley scattering, in marked contrast to the PL.


Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a rare population of innate immune cells that act as the first line of defense against pathogens. These cells arise from the lymphoid lineage that B and T cells also belong to. Type 2 ILCs (ILC2s) are a subset of ILCs that reside in the lungs, mucosal layers, and skin, and have roles in clearing helminth infections, triggering allergic responses, and promoting lung tissue repair after influenza infections. The functions of ILC2s mirror those of TH2 cells but lack antigen recognition. However, their full development background is still unknown. It is believed that ILC2s develop in the fetal liver and adult bone marrow from common lymphoid progenitors and differentiate into several intermediates including helper ILC precursors. From this, ILC2 progenitors arise and express interleukin-7 (IL-7) receptor with the aid of the transcription factor GATA3. Our lab has found that IL-7 is critical for ILC2 development as mutations to the IL-7 receptor show a reduction in the ILC2 numbers and GATA3 expression. Conversely, overexpression of IL-7 results in the expansion of ILC2s and elevated GATA3 expression. We hypothesize that IL-7 signalling dictates ILC2 development through the transcriptional regulation of lineage determining factors. We aim to identify the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape regulated by IL-7 in ILC2s and their progenitors using single cell RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. We will also investigate how IL-7 influences airway immune responses generated by ILC2s using flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. This study will increase our understanding of a vital cell population and contribute to the development of therapeutics for allergic asthma and viral infections.


Resonances in the reaction {sup 48}Ti({ital p},{gamma}){sup 49}V from 1.75 to 2.50 MeV have been observed with a resolution of 2 keV. Spins of 58 resonances are inferred from their {gamma}-decay schemes, both by considering known final-state spins and by comparing branching patterns to those from resonances of known spin using multidimensional scaling. Limits to possible spins of 29 bound states, some observed here for the first time in {gamma} spectra, are proposed. In the energy range studied, there are eleven {sup 49}Ti levels of spin {lt}9/2. Of the eight previously proposed analogs, two have directly measured spins. Among the remaining six, three appear to have spins incompatible with their parents. Three new analog candidates are proposed, along with new fragments of existing analogs.


Objective:To investigate therapeutic effects and indications of three different methods for the treatment of displaced humeral supracondylar fractures in children.Methods:One hundred and thirty-seven children(85 males and 52 females,ranging in age from 3 to 12 years) with displaced humeral supracondylar fractures were treated with three methods,including patients in Group A treated with closed reduction and percutaneous crossed-pin fixation,patients in Group B treated with manual reduction and immobilization in splints,and patients in Group C treated with manual reduction and immobilization in plaster cast.The healing time of fractures,incidence rates of cubitus varus,as well as extension and flexion functions of elbow joint of patients in three groups were analyzed and therapeutic effects of three groups were compared.Results:All the patients were followed-up,and the duration of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 5 years,with an average of 29 months.According to Flynn criteria,in Group A,29 patients got excellent results,7 good,2 fair,the excellent and good rate was 94.74%;in Group B,above data were 12,49,6 and 91.04%;while in Group C,the data were 9,16,7 and 78.13% respectively.The result of statistical analysis demonstrated that the difference of therapeutic effects between Group A and Group B was significant(P0.05) and that the difference between Group A and Group C was also significant(P0.05),but the difference between Group B and Group C was not significant(P0.05).Conclusion:Stable fractures which have no displacement or little displacement can be treated with manual reduction and immobilization in splints or plaster cast.Percutaneous crossed-pin or splint fixation is preferred for the treatment of those unstable fractures.The key point of the treatment is rational selection of three different ways for the treatment of displaced humeral supracondylar fractures in children according to the type of fractures and damages of skin and tissue and whether complications with nerve and vascular damages.


Light-fidelity (LiFi) is a networked optical wireless communication (OWC) solution to achieve multi-Gbps data rates for mobile optical communications. Unlike typical radio frequency (RF) wireless systems, the OWC channel is not isotropic, which means that the device orientation considerably affects the channel gain, especially for mobile users. In this study, a practical uplink LiFi scenario is analysed in which a number of mobile devices equipped with eye-safe laser-based transceivers transmit multi-Gbps data streams wirelessly to receivers on the ceiling. Ten models for five different types of user mobility with and without stabiliser have been developed on the basis of experimental measurements. Using the proposed models, the capability of stabilisers to mitigate the pointing error due to user mobility is investigated. It is shown that the device orientation may be modelled as Laplace, Gaussian, uniform distributions, or sinusoidal functions. Moreover, an orientation-based random waypoint (ORWP) mobility model is used to assess the performance of the LiFi system in terms of outage probability. The results show that using a stabiliser on mobile devices improves outage performance significantly, and it is feasible to reduce the number of uplink receivers while retaining the required outage performance.


The development of Right to Remain Silent system has gone through two stages of beginning to establish and being limited,and several centuries has passed since its sprout till maturity.There are many versions of Right to Silence system in China's academic circles.The dispute of whether introducing the Right to Remain Silent at the beginning has become the problem of how to adopt it.The system of right to silence in the new revised criminal procedural law is still not established,but the value of its procedural justice is beyond doubt.Entitling the criminal suspect and the defendant Right to Silence is the basic requirement of the principle of presumption of innocence.The establishment of Right to Silence System is conducive to ensure the basic human rights of criminal suspects and defendants,which can help to strengthen the defense power so as to achieve balance between the prosecution and the defense,which can guarantee the implementation of procedural justice and due process of law.


The following articles were presented at the NAASN conference held in March of 2015. NAASN is an acronym for the North American Anarchist Studies Network, an informal association of scholars interested in what has broadly been labeled "anarchist studies." Inspired by the Anarchist Studies Network (ASN) based in the British Isles, NAASN seeks to bring together people to share their work at an annual gathering somewhere in the geographical area currently called North America. NAASN also functions year-round as a mutual aid system for researchers and writers. NAASN never charges any fees and is purely user controlled. For the last six years, ad hoc, autonomous, and self-motivated organizing committees have formed to host each conference. These organizing committees release the call for papers and accept all submissions. These groups are also responsible for finding the space for the event and putting together the conference guide, which organizes the submissions into panels and schedules them. During the actual conference, they are the ones who, along with a few spontaneous volunteers, make sure everything runs as smoothly as possible. For NAASN 2015, I had the pleasure of taking part in the five-person organizing committee. Having recently moved to the Bay Area I felt very lucky for the opportunity to help host such a gathering of radical scholars. Other members of our little group


The present paper refers to the usefulness of online payment through PayPal and to the development of this payment manner in Romania. PayPal is an example of a payment intermediary service that facilitates worldwide e-commerce.


Petroleum based plastics are facing a major problem in disposal and degradation and these are promoting destruction to the environment. The new field of bio-based plastics i.e. Starch based bioplastic is providing an alternative way to eradicate this problem. In recent years, many starch based bioplastic have been evolved but, till now no study related to wheat chaff has been recorded. This study entails the utilisation of easily available waste material i.e. Wheat chaff, for the production of biodegradable eco-friendly starch based bioplastic. For the fabrication of bioplastic, the initial step involves the extraction of starch that is done by treating wheat chaff with 25% ammonium hydroxide and this step follows the production of bioplastic by heating the starch in measured quantities of water, glacial acetic acid and plasticizers (Glycerol and Sorbitol) at 900 C for 45 minutes. On the basis of comparative analysis Glacial (4): Sorbitol (1) ratio was found best as plasticizer. 0.17g of starch and 1.45g of bioplastic per 1g of wheat chaff were generated. From this study, wheat chaff being easily accessible source of waste, can be used as a possible starch source for the fabrication of bioplastic.


Differential expression of genes localized within the polycistronic puf operon of Rhodobacter capsulatus is partly due to altered stabilities of individual mRNA segments. We show that the 5'untranslated region (UTR) of pufB contributes to the unusual longevity of the 0.5 kb light‐harvesting (LH) I specific pufBA mRNA and of the 2.7 kb pufBALMX mRNA. Three stem‐loop structures have been identified within the pufQ‐pufB intercistronic region by means of RNA secondary‐structure analysis in vitro and in vivo. Deletion analysis of the pufB 5'UTR indicates that the complete set of secondary structures is required to maintain wild‐type levels of pufBA mRNA stability. A phylogenetic comparison of pufB 5'UTRs of other photosynthetic bacteria reveals an evolutionary conservation of the base‐pairing potential despite sequence divergence. Comparison of puf mRNA decay in Escherichia coli strains with or without endoribonuclease E (RNase E) activity suggests that the pufB 5′ secondary structures protect the downstream mRNA segment against degradation by RNase E. Removal of the 117‐nucleotide pufQ‐pufB intercistronic region results in loss of stability for the pufBA and pufBALMX mRNAs with concomitant stabilization of the full‐length puf primary transcript (QBALMX). We therefore conclude that the deleted sequence functions both as a stabilizing element for pufBALMX and pufBA segments and as a target site for initial rate‐limiting decay of the unstable pufQBALMX mRNA.


With the emergence of extreme climate and increasing traffic load in recent years, the performance requirements for transportation infrastructure materials are increasing. Sustainable transportation infrastructures have attracted much attention from the research community and industry. Building and preserving efficient, reliable, and sustainable roads is crucial for economic and social development. The design of road materials and structures significantly influences road durability. The main components of road materials are bitumens, additives, bituminous mixes, asphalt concrete, cement concrete, unbound granular materials, soils, and geo-composites. The new and innovative materials, mix design, soil stabilization, and environmental aspects of handling and reuse of road materials are also crucial. The road performance can be affected by vehicle loading and environmental conditions including light, temperature, oxygen, and moisture, etc. An accurate assessment of road performance, stress and strain state, and the environmental effects has always been a challenge faced by this industry. This special section of Journal of Testing and Evaluation published by ASTM International includes 15 peer-reviewed papers. These papers introduce recent work that furthers an understanding of durability, functionality, and sustainability of road materials and structures and covers diversified topics such as the following: (1) mechanism study of road material performance including aging, recycling, and fatigue; (2) development and evaluation of innovative materials or technologies in road engineering including natural rubber latex composite modified asphalt, subgrade geogrids, polyether polyurethane concrete, basalt fibers, and cement mortar used in prefabricated road base; (3) performance evaluation of road materials and structures including polishing and anti-skidding; (4) mechanical analysis of road structures including modulus back-calculation of road structure, dynamic response of deck pavement, and Manuscript received March 18, 2022; accepted for publication March 22, 2022; published online July 1, 2022. Issue published July 1, 2022.


The invention relates to a method for generating a display indicator value at a weight measurement with a scale (3), in particular kitchen scales, wherein, in a time series digital detected weight values in the sequence of their acquisition in a first register (13) are written, further wherein the in the first register values contained (13) in a predetermined sequence in each case in a second register (15) to be transmitted, in which the second register (15) a sorting of the values is performed, and determines a mean value (17, 22) of the sorted values is, and thereafter the mean value (17, 22) of the second register (15) is used as an indicator value. To specify a method of the type in question with good filtering effect at low expense, especially in terms of hardware, it is proposed that only a subset of values of the first register (13) into the second register (15) is transferable, wherein the part of the is transmitted in response to a rise of the values of said first register values (13) in order to your entry in the first register (13) is determined.


It is the purpose of this paper to present briefly some phenomena associated with nonlinear systems. The phenomena discussed are wave form, frequency dependence on amplitude, the jump phenomenon, subharmonic oscillations, limit cycles, and frequency entrainment. Experimental examples of such phenomena are included and a representative bibliography is given.


Recent advances in the ease with which the genomes of small circular single-stranded DNA viruses can be amplified, cloned, and sequenced have greatly acceler- ated the rate at which full genome sequences of mastrevi- ruses (family Geminiviridae, genus Mastrevirus) are being deposited in public sequence databases. Although guide- lines currently exist for species-level classification of newly determined, complete mastrevirus genome sequen- ces, these are difficult to apply to large sequence datasets and are permissive enough that, effectively, a high degree of leeway exists for the proposal of new species and strains. The lack of a standardised and rigorous method for testing whether a new genome sequence deserves such a classifi- cation is resulting in increasing numbers of questionable mastrevirus species proposals. Importantly, the recom- mended sequence alignment and pairwise identity calcu- lation protocols of the current guidelines could easily be modified to make the classification of newly determined mastrevirus genome sequences significantly more objec- tive. Here, we propose modified versions of these protocols that should substantially minimise the degree of classifi- cation inconsistency that is permissible under the current system. To facilitate the objective application of these guidelines for mastrevirus species demarcation, we addi- tionally present a user-friendly computer program, SDT (species demarcation tool), for calculating and graphically


For many in South Africa the goal of education is the creation of workers fit for a rapidly changing labour market. For some it is to encourage the love of knowledge and the creation of a peaceful society of socially well-adjusted individuals. For others it may be the promotion of critical thinking and social practices for communal and national development. What we all seem to yearn for, is a society characterised by choice and social justice, a society where we can work together, learn together and live together for a more reasonable, unbiased, acceptable and morally righteous nation.


We study the process of localization of a hexagonal pattern in a uniform background, specifically, the role played by the shape and size of the domain where the hexagonal pattern is confined. We base our analysis on a numerical study of a Swift–Hohenberg type equation (which exhibits coexistence between hexagons and a uniform state), and in a scale expansion to estimate the stress undergoing by the interface (the curve that separates the hexagonal phase from the uniform one). Our scaling approach supplies us a good physical picture of what we observe numerically.


The pyruvic acid concentration was estimated in blood from 20 children between the ages of 2 months and 13 years suffering from convulsive fits or petit mal. 25 patients between the ages of 6 weeks and 14 years with no tendency to convulsive fits or petit mal served as controls. A mean value of 1.43 mg per cent was found in the convulsive‐petit mal group (extremes 0.86 and 2.08 mg per cent), while in the control group the mean value was 1.30 mg per cent (extremes 0.83 and 2.07).


Over the past twenty-three years, several hundreds of women have been kidnapped, tortured and murdered with absolute impunity in Ciudad Juarez, an urban Moloch on the Mexican-American border. Because of these crimes, the city has become a symbol for all of what is wrong with globalization, transnational exploitation and the Latin American form of masculine domination known as machismo. Terms like femicidios or feminicidios have been coined in order to express that women, far from being this crime wave's collateral damage, are rather their specific target, and that their sex is the factor that gives this vortex of violence its inner logic and coherence. For these crimes are, indeed, recurrently represented as a single crime wave that follows, moreover, an adamant logic. A myriad of different truths about and around that supposed logic has been elaborated by detectives, journalists, scholars, political activists, state officers, artists, social workers, etc. Both the crimes and the search for their logic have also appeared in prominent literary, musical, filmic and other cultural artifacts. My dissertation takes these multiple truths and these artifacts and analyzes them equally as narratives that are advanced to explain murderous violence against women and, in the process, acquire a life of their own by virtue of competing with each other, variously complementing each other, and being set in perpetual motion by a dynamo of violent stories that gyrates around the female corpses on the ground, clouding the access to said corpses and to the "facts" of their murders, ultimately constituting what I, throughout the text, will call the discourse on Ciudad Juarez. The goal of this dissertation is to map out this discourse, to
examine the ways in which different, often contradictory stories are mobilized within it and obtain the status of "truth," and to propose a perspective from which to look at the feminicidios of Ciudad Juarez without succumbing to the temptation to look for easy answers and for single, individual culprits and causes, coming to terms with the enormity and chaotic nature of the social phenomenon being described and with its fundamentally ungraspable character instead.


In monograph the dynamic phenomena in a continuum is considered. Different mathematical models for study the behaviors both of interaction media under action of dynamic and electromagnetic influence is proposed. The comparison of different models and experimental results are brought. It is shown the regions of applicability and characteristic peculiarities for each model. It is also shown the influence of the anisotropic properties on the dynamic phenomena, particularly the problem of optimization of an anisotropic media is solved. The theoretical principles for a fragile destruction of a media are offered. Theoretically it is shown the influence of a revolution on the penetration depth of the indenter. The monograph can be useful for scientists specializing in the field of dynamic continuous media, also for students and for post-graduate of according specialties.


Two co-occurring ascidians of the Pacific subtidal, Polyclinum planum and Cystodytes lobatus, were found to exhibit remarkably different numbers of surface bacteria. On average, epibacterial densities on P. planum were 140 times greater than those on C lobatus as measured by plate-counting methods. Organic extracts of both ascidian species were tested for antimicrobial activities and effects on bacterial settlement. Bacterial settlement was measured using a new bioassay described in this paper. The results of the settlement bioassay clearly demonstrate that extracts of the little-colonized C. lobatus deter bacterial settlement while extracts of the heavily colonized P. planum induce settlement relative to the control. In addition to reducing bacterial settlement, extracts of C. lobatus colonies exhibited varying, but generally low, levels of antiraicrobial activity against, on average, one-half of the 36 strains of marine bacteria tested. On an interspecific level, including 11 ascidian species screened in a pilot study, fouling-deterring activities were correlated with epibacterial abundances while antimicrobial activity was not. It is concluded that the chemical control of bacterial settlement, possibly complemented by antimicrobial toxicity, provides an accurate model to explain the dramatically different bacterial abundance on the surfaces of the ascidian species studied. This investigation presents evidence that non-toxic metabolites influence bacterial settlement and, in this way, may function to regulate bacterial epibiosis on the surfaces of some marine invertebrates.


We investigate collective neutrino oscillation (CNO) including neutrino halo effects in an iron core-collapse supernova model. We find that CNO suddenly occurs beyond the propagating shock front evolved from a 9.6M ⊙ star. Also, we find that neutrinos inwardly scattered by background matter can be ignored outside the shock front where CNO can occur, compared with outward-going neutrinos. Neutrinos get free from matter suppression and scattering with background matter beyond the shock front. Neutrino halo with wider intersection angles produces additional flavor transformation and sharpens the spectral splits.


This paper presents results from an ongoing investigation into stop consonants in Waima'a, focusing on the issue of tense v. lax ejectives. Sources tend to describe ejectives in a given language as either tense or lax; however ejectives in Waima'a, do not fit squarely into either category [4]. Here we compare ejectives in word-initial and word-medial contexts, to specifically address the role of word-position in the tense/lax distinction. Results show that word-position affects the duration of all stop types analyzed, i.e. unaspirated, postaspirated, & ejective stops. Variability amongst the ejective tokens suggests that the notion of a tense/lax dichotomy should be replaced instead with that of a tense/lax continuum.


Objective To investigate the effects of the amounts of papain, pH, hydrolysis time and temperature on the enzymolysis of collagen from sea cucumber intestine. Methods Four kinds of enzyme were discussed on hydrolysis of collagen from sea cucumber intestine, to determine the best one. Hydrolysis of collagen from sea cucumber intestine was performed by papain, and the antioxidant abilities of the hydrolyzate were analyzed by measuring the reducing power on Fe3+, scavenging ability of hydroxyl radicals and DPPH.Results The optimum condition of hydrolysis was 1.0% papain, pH 7.0, with hydrolysis for 4.0h and 65 ℃.Hydrolysis degree was 42.20%. Conclusion The hydrolysis has a good reducing effect on Fe3+and scavenging effect on both hydroxyl radicals and DPPH·.


Objective:To explore the correlation between heme oxygenase(HO)-carbon monoxide(CO) system and pathogenesis of small for gestational age infants(SGA),search for a new way in prophylaxis and treatment.Methods:50 full term SGA neonates were selected as SGA group(SGA1 group was consisted of 30 cases whose mothers without pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome,SGA2 group was consisted of 20 cases whose mothers with middle or severe pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome).Meanwhile,20 healthy full term appropriate for gestational age(AGA) neonates were selected as AGA group.The umbilical artery blood specimens were collected immediately after the neonates were delivered,umbilical cord specimens near placenta were kept as well.HO-1 activity in umbilical blood was detected by dual wavelength spectrophotometer.HbCO percentage in plasma of umbilical blood was detected by chalmers hemoglobin method.The expression of HO-1 in umbilical blood vessels was detected by immunohistochemistry method.Results:①HO-1 activity and HbCO percentages in the umbilical blood of SGA1 group and SGA2 group were significantly lower than those of AGA group(P0.01),but there was no difference between SGA1 group and SGA2 group(P0.05).②There was positive correlation between HO-1 activity in umbilical blood of AGA group,SGA1 group and SGA2 group and birth weight(P0.05).③Expression of HO-1 in the umbilical blood of SGA1 group and SGA2 group were significantly higher than those of AGA group(P0.01),but there was no difference between SGA1 group and SGA2 group(P0.05).Conclusion:HO-1 activity in umbilical blood correlates closely with intrauterine growth and nutrition status of the neonates.


Biometrics offer a personal and convenient way of keeping our identities and our data secure. Here, we introduce a method of using mm-wave sensors to identify various individuals. In our system prototype, the compact radar sensor has two transmit antennas and four receive ones. The transmitter(s) send a sequence of signals which are reflected and scattered from a nearby part of the body of a user (a hand in our demo case). Different signal processing algorithms are applied to the received signals in order to create a rich feature dataset. In our demo system, the resulting dataset is classified using a random forest machine learning model, which is shown to facilitate identifying a group of individuals with high accuracy. This technology has promising implications in terms of using mm-wave radars as an independent or an auxiliary tool for biometric authentication.


The National Centre for Groundwater Management at the University of Technology, Sydney has completed a three stage research project at a field site near Griffith NSW, which included an examination of the dynamics of groundwater levels and salinisation adjacent to an irrigated rice paddock. The site had 22 piezometers and was instrumented with 16 data loggers from October 1999 to September 2001. Ten resistivity imaging and EM34 surveys were conducted during the period October 1998 to June 2001 – before, during and after irrigation. Each imaging survey comprised 15 lines (during winter) or 10 lines (during irrigation) each of about 200 m long. The lines were generally 10 m apart (sometimes 5 m). The results from each survey have been assembled into a movie (using SURFER and SLICER software), which shows the 3-D heterogeneity in resistivity across the site. A couple of movies have been produced showing the variation with time along representative sections. Snapshots of the differential apparent resistivity between surveys before and after irrigation show definite incremental salinisation in the fallow paddock adjacent to the irrigated rice paddock.


We report the first finding of Lymnaea viatrix south of parallel 41 masculine S, in rural and urban areas from Argentina. Ninety snails were collected during year 2000, from a concrete pond at a Public Square in El Bolsón Village, Río Negro province, and 811 snails in November 1999, and during 2000 from waterbodies within a farm at Cholila locality, Chubut province. Fasciola hepatica infection was detected in 0.9% snails from the rural area. We discuss the potential risk of L. viatrix to public health in urban areas and its epidemiological importance in rural areas of the Andean Patagonian region.


Objective:To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADR)caused by levofloxacin for its rational use in clinic.Methods:122 cases of ADR collected from May 2004 to December 2008 were analyzed in respect of patients' gender,age,ADR history,route of medication,clinic manifestations,processing methods and results.Results:17.21%(21/122)of the patients have record of ADR history and 97.54%(119/122)of the ADR cases were induced by intravenous drip drugs.78.69%(96/122)of the ADR cases happened in the process of taking the medicine.All the patients were recovered or improved.The main clinic manifestations of ADR were skin and local lesion,then digestive system damage etc..Conclusion:The ADR should be emphasized in applying levofloxacin.The best administration is oral route and the monitoring of ADR by intravenous use should be strengthened.


Blood clams are one type of shellfish group that has high economic value. Its existence has long been exploited by the community to be sold or used for daily life. This study aims to analyze the size distribution, growth pattern and condition factors of blood clams caught in the waters of Taar and Fair, Tual City. Samples were taken using the belt transect method. The samples were then measured for the length, width and height of the shells as well as the total weight. Blood clams obtained in Taar waters were larger and heavier than blood clams from Fair waters and were dominated by shell length class 2.57-2.85 cm. The growth pattern based on the length-weight relationship was obtained by the Taar blood clams having a b value of 3.04 and classified as positive allometric (b>2.50) while the Fair waters blood clams had a b value of 2.01 and were classified as negative allometric (b<2, 50). The condition factor of Taar waters obtained an average value of 0.98 and Fair waters of 1.66, indicating that the environmental conditions of the two locations were quite good for the survival of blood clams.


This thesis studies the noisy sparse spikes super-resolution problem for positive measures using the BLASSO, an infinite dimensional convex optimization problem generalizing the LASSO to measures. First, we show that the support stability of the BLASSO for N clustered spikes is governed by an object called the (2N-1)-vanishing derivatives pre-certificate. When it is non-degenerate, solving the BLASSO leads to exact support recovery of the initial measure, in a low noise regime whose size is controlled by the minimal separation distance of the spikes. In a second part, we propose the Sliding Frank-Wolfe algorithm, based on the Frank-Wolfe algorithm with an added step moving continuously the amplitudes and positions of the spikes, that solves the BLASSO. We show that, under mild assumptions, it converges in a finite number of iterations. We apply this algorithm to the 3D fluorescent microscopy problem by comparing three models based on the PALM/STORM technics.


The measurement of mass flow rate of gas-solids two-phase flow is of great importance in energy conservation,and has been a difficulty task to be addressed.This paper introduces some widely used and more prospective methods in and outside of China.The directions of research and development are presented.


In this context, we performed a quantitative survey using patient charts to collect information that display the profile of the child or adolescent and their family, generating social indicators. The research also aimed at obtaining supporting information to understand and go deeper into the questions that permeate intrafamily violence and its impact on the life of the victim and relatives. The theoretical framework used was the Institutional Analysis of René Lourau. The Institutional Analysis aims to produce a new relationship with the knowledge, a consciousness of the non-knowledge that determines the researcher's action, who is in the field of research implied as an observer, and his /her intervention may bring transformations for both the research and the environment where it takes action.


In Reply .—In my editorial commentary 1 I reaffirmed the value of the classic case report. The EEC syndrome served to illustrate this point. An astute case report 2 emphasized the involvement of the urinary tract in this disorder. This strengthened our powers of recognition and treatment, updating a genetic diagnosis. The first child in the family I saw had a split left hand and right foot, and there was a patrilineal history of cleft hand and foot. We supported the diagnosis of split hand and foot as most probable, with a recurrence risk of maximally 50%. A second child with malformations was born later into the family. The child had an indented upper lip, a cleft palate, and lateral displacement of the lacrimal puncta (telecanthus). The hands were normal. The feet were also within normal limits. I could insert my index finger between the first and second toes, which


The improvement of safety behavior of new generation employees is vital in safety management.This paper applies structural equation modeling to exploring different safety behavior between new generation employees and traditional employees.The results demonstrate that psychological capital,safety motivation and safety knowledge have a stronger influence on safety behavior of new generation employees than on that of traditional employees.There are three differences of safety behavior between new generation employees and traditional employees:1Psychological capital has significantly different influence on the safety compliance of new generation employees and traditional employees;2safety motivation has significantly different influence on the safety participation of new generation employees and traditional employees;3safety knowledge has significantly different influence on the safety participation of new generation employees and traditional employees.


This paper examines the role of renewable energy sources (RES), especially the sun, as a potential solution for solar radiation management concerns. It states how photovoltaic (PV), especially low-cost PV and other thin film technology, can be applied and what impact and share they can have on the European market – using the Cyprus market as an example of strategic implementation. The Energy Service of the Ministry of Energy, Commerce, Industry and Tourism currently reports a 7.5% share (as at end of 2012) of RES in overall final energy consumption and suggests ways in which that share can increase. In the near future, PVs will be the most significant electricity source if the cost per kWh produced is further reduced, as was proven recently during the award procedures for PV systems.


This paper described the negative impacts of the financial crisis on Guangxi's economy by taking Laibin as an example.These negative impacts are as follows: decrease in GDP growth rate;drop of industrial economic effect;overstocking of products;shortage in founds;lower employment etc.Lastly,related countermeasures were put forward.


This work deals with the efficient time integration of mechanical systems with elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubricated joints. Two novel approaches are presented. First, a projection function is used to formulate the well‐known Swift–Stieber cavitation condition and the mass‐conservative cavitation condition of Elrod as an unconstrained problem. Based on this formulation, the pressure variable from the EHD problem is added to the dynamic equations of a multi‐body system in a monolithic manner so that cavitation is solved within a global iteration. Compared with a partitioned state‐of‐the‐art formulation, where the pressure is solved locally in a nonlinear force element, this global search reduces simulation time.


Objective: This study was planned in an attempted to find out knowledge and opinions about child neglect and abuse of child development vocational school students who has an important role in the care of 0-6 age group children, and to create an awareness in this field. Method: Our descriptive type study's sample was formed by 197 Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Child Development Vocational School Students. To obtain the data survey form was applied to the students in the classroom in break time between courses. 7 students who were not present in the class were excluded from the study were excluded from the study. In order to data analysis number, percentage, mean, standard deviation and chi-square test were used. Results: Regarding 190 students who participated in the study, 188 were female and 2 were male. 9.5% of the students (n: 18) stated that they had been subjected of violence, 13.8% of (n: 26) stated that they were exposed to neglect. 20 students (10.5%) received formal training in neglect and abuse. 93.1% (n: 175) of the students stated that they had to report child neglect and abuse according to the law, 88.6% (n: 164) of stated that they should report in accordance with the policies of Ministry of National Education, 95.8% (n: 181) stated that they were responsible for moral reporting. When they detect neglect or abuse, 47.3% (n: 88) think that they should report it to Social Services and 39.2% (n: 73) think that they should report it to the Security Directorate. The rate of those who think they can recognize physical abuse symptoms is 29.1% (n: 55). 94.1% of the students (n: 176) stated that they needed more information about this subject. Conclusions: As a result of our study, we found that child development students did not have sufficient knowledge about child neglect and abuse. To increase knowledge level and awareness of child developers who having close contact with children changes in the education program should be planned, and abuse and neglect should be included in the curriculum.


Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a repeated single-dose rituximab (RTX) regimen for remission induction and maintenance in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Method: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with an established diagnosis of AAV who were treated with single-dose RTX infusions at our institution. Clinical outcome data were assessed over a period of 24 months. Results: Sixteen patients were treated for remission induction and maintenance and one patient was treated for only maintenance therapy. Remission (absence of disease activity during the past 3 months and a prednisolone dose of ≤ 7.5 mg) was achieved in 11 patients (68%) with a mean time to remission of 9.4 (range 3–24) months. At 6 months, six patients (37.5%) were in remission and the mean prednisolone dose of all responding patients was 8.2 mg. Five patients had treatment failure due to early relapsing (n = 4) or persistently active (n = 1) disease. At 24 months, nine of the 11 responding patients (82%) were in remission. All patients still had concomitant steroid and/or disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy at 24 months. Overall, 11 relapses were seen in nine patients (five non-responders and four responders) with a mean time to relapse of 5.3 (range 4–24) months. No major relapses were observed in the responding patients. Severe infections were only seen in patients who had been previously treated with cyclophosphamide (CYC). Conclusions: The combination of single-dose RTX with other immunosuppressants seems less effective than the standard RTX regimen for the induction of remission of AAV.


Goats have evolved as browsing animals, and their faeces are voided as pellets and are often very dry. Any change in faecal consistency may be an early indication of ill health, particularly when that change leads to diarrhoea/dysentery. Enterotoxaemia and parasitic gastroenteritis are the most common causes of diarrhoea in adult goats in the UK. This paper covers the causes, diagnostic principles, treatment and management of diarrhoea across the goat age categories.


The aim of this work was to analyze in the Entropy–Complexity plane (HxC) time series coming from ECG, with the objective to discriminate recordings from two different groups of patients: normal sinus rhythm and cardiac arrhythmias. The HxC plane used in this study was constituted by Shannon's Entropy as one of its axes, and the other was composed using statistical complexity. To compute the entropy, the probability distribution function (PDF) of the observed data was obtained using the methodology proposed by Bandt and Pompe (2002). The database used in the present study was the ECG recordings obtained from PhysioNet, 47 long-term signals of patients with diagnosed cardiac arrhythmias and 18 long-term signals from normal sinus rhythm patients were processed. Average values of statistical complexity and normalized Shannon entropy were calculated and analyzed in the HxC plane for each time series. The average values of complexity of ECG for patients with diagnosed arrhythmias were bigger than normal sinus rhythm group. On the other hand, the Shannon entropy average values for arrhythmias patients were lower than the normal sinus rhythm group. This characteristic made it possible to discriminate the position of both signals' groups in the HxC plane. The results were analyzed through a multivariate statistical test hypothesis. The methodology proposed has a remarkable conceptual simplicity, and shows a promising efficiency in the detection of cardiovascular pathologies.


A pilot study on the efficacy of soundfield systems was carried out in a single classroom. A series of listening tests to assess phonological discrimination were developed and presented to the class with and without the assistance of soundfield. Questionnaires for the students and teachers in the school were also developed. The room acoustics and sound pressure levels recorded over two days were assessed. The study demonstrated a number of potential benefits in assisting teachers communicating with their students. These were found in conditions of both low and high level of background noise with the greatest improvement in students' performance recorded in the presence of competing noise. Overwhelming support was given by both the teachers and the pupils surveyed. The test room was of a high acoustical standard and reverberation times in the most desirable range of the current standard.


The Satellite TT&C scheduling problem (STSP) is researching how to improve the execution of tasks. Among them, the heuristic algorithm is a kind of algorithm that can solve SRSP quickly and give a feasible solution, which has strong practical application value. However, in the previous research, there were few comparative analysis of different heuristic rules, and there was no application criterion. In this paper, we will sort out and experimentally analyze the different heuristic algorithms proposed in the previous research. First, a Task Location Selection Algorithm (TLSA) will be proposed, which is used to select the appropriate ground station time window for the task sequence as the communication time to achieve the goal of maximizing profit. After that, experiments with different heuristic rules will be taken. Analysis will be based on a series of satellites and multiple attributes. Through our analysis, the main significance is to discover the characteristics of the experimental scene and match the existing heuristic rules with the scenes with characteristics to guide the algorithm selection in the actual use process.


The government's Renewable Obligation system aims to supply 10 per cent of UK electricity from renewable sources by 2010. Although the headlines suggest that planning controversies hamper these objectives, by the summer of 2004 enough capacity had been given planning consent to supply 4 per cent of UK electricity from new renewable energy sources. Enough renewable capacity to supply 7 per cent of UK electricity from renewables will probably be operational by 2010. The bulk of this is coming from onshore wind power, especially based in Scotland, and also offshore wind power. The offshore schemes are more expensive and need additional support outside the Renewable Obligation. The Conservatives have promised to bring in planning curbs for onshore wind power. There is pressure for more nuclear power, but this is likely to be impossible to finance without a very large subsidy from the Department of Trade and Industry.


The traffic flow on a network at time t is defined by a vector v-t of dimensionality l comprising the l link volumes on the network. This paper examines four techniques for reducing the dimensionality of v-t and evaluates these techniques in terms of the resulting effectiveness of a network traffic pattern matching scheme. The results indicate that a significant reduction in dimensionality can be attained with little sacrifice in reliability. (Author/TRRL)


Topical therapies are first‐line treatment for mild/limited stable plaque psoriasis. Disadvantages of currently available therapies include lack of short‐term efficacy and long‐term maintenance, adverse effects, and cosmetic problems. Tazarotene is a new topical retinoid which has proven to be efficacious in the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate plaque psoriasis. Results from a large, multicentre, pivotal study show that a once‐daily application is as effective as a first‐line monotherapy. providing rapid resolution of signs and symptoms and sustained therapeutic effects in some patients. Tazarotene gel is cosmetically acceptable, and is minimally absorbed systemically, with adverse events limited to local irritation.


In this paper, we propose a new multi-channel MAC protocol to improve the channel efficiency by using two interfaces. Most of previous researches that have considered multi-channel wireless network environments use a common control channel to exchange control signals and they have a bottle neck problem at common control channel as increasing the number of data channels. In the proposed MAC protocol, we separate receiving and transmitting channels so that sending and receiving data and control packets at the same time is possible. It increases the total network throughput. Since there is no common control channel, the network does not suffer from the bottle neck problem. By applying a TDMA scheme, we can avoid packet collisions between data packets and control packets and reduce the possibility of CTS or ACK packet collisions. Simulation results show that the proposed multi-channel MAC protocol improves the total network throughput and channel efficiency compared with the existing method.


A series of tests were performed to evaluate the flow behavior of soil-water suspensions through synthetic drainage media. The objective of the test program was to determine whether soil particles can get trapped within the drainage medium leading to clogging or continue to remain in suspension. A non-plastic soil passing #200 ASTM sieve (finer than 0.075 mm) was mixed with water to prepare mixtures of 0.01 to 1% (100 to 10,000 mg/liter) concentration. This mixture was then used to perform transmissivity tests in equipment that was designed and custom built for these tests. Tests were performed at 0.04, 0.1 and 0.3 gradients. Each test was run on the order of 200 to 300 hours to reach a stable value of transmissivity. The negative effect of particulates on transmissivity, i.e., the clogging of the drainage medium, increased as both the gradient and concentration were increased. The drainage medium remained clean, with no effect on transmissivity, for lower gradients throughout the tested range of concentrations. The results indicate that both the type of flow regime as well as the concentration of suspended solids is important. Most commercial drainage products can handle the range of responses observed, as long as there is not an extremely high concentration of solids.


Intra-city natural structures have always had a key role in creating sustainable urban greenspaces. Adapting to natural features and relating the intra-city greenspaces to such natural structures as river-valleys, hillsides, lakes and forests, guarantee the endurance, sustainability and longevity of the natural quality of city. This paper looks at intra-city natural structures which have undergone wholesale changes and been ruined, and considers the lives of these invaluable natural structures which have been endangered due to gross human interference and pressure, regardless of physical and biological features. River-valleys in Tehran have always had a significant role in offering valuable bio-environmental services to the city. From the time of Qadjar era, villages enjoying favorable climate were built outside the city, and the villa of the governors and affluent people were built near hillsides across river-valleys because of the abundance of running water, cool weather in the summer and natural plant life. Little by little green corridors of Shemiranat were built near river-valleys, which formed the axes of the development of the city at the time Pahlavi dynasty. From then, the development of the city towards hillsides, regardless of these natural structures, increased and the destruction of these urban natural spaces have posed serious problems nowadays. Familiarity with these natural structures, their preservation and organization, and making the optimum use of them seem to be a very critical issue. Taking an ecological approach in this paper, is an attempt to look at the intra-city river-valleys. To do so, the data collected from a natural river-valley is used as evidence to back up any claims made in this regard.


Administrative style is an important part of the Party construction.Despite the overall improvement of the Party member qualities,considerable problems remain in some members working styles regarding leadership,ideology,and knowledge acquiring,therefore impairing the public image of the Party and the government.The Party organizations at all levels should make the effort to strengthen the education as well as supervision systems,foster a good culture of principle and learning,and therefore to explore new ideas of the Party's working style construction.


The invention discloses a disposable bendable flexible template device and a construction method. The template device comprises an anchor rod, an anchor agent, a backing plate and a nut, a disposable bendable flexible hollow template is arranged on the inside of a surrounding rock, a rigid mesh sheet is arranged on the inside of the disposable bendable flexible template, the hollow template and the rigid mesh sheet are connected with the surrounding rock through the anchor rod, the anchor agent, the backing plate and the nut, as well as the inner cavity of the hollow template is filled with concrete. The construction method comprises that the flexible template is manufactured, the anchor rod is arranged, the flexible template and the rigid mesh sheet are arranged in a hanging way, the backing plate and the nut are arranged, and the concrete is poured. The invention has the advantages that the structure is simple, the construction is convenient, the supporting cost is low, the construction speed is quick, the template is arranged for once, and is not required to be disassembled for a permanent support, and the surrounding rock and the continuous overall concrete supporting body function commonly to bear the ground pressure. The cost can be saved by 150 Yuan to 250 Yuan per meter, and the supporting speed is improved by over 40 percent. The invention is suitable for mine working, railway, water conservancy, highway as well as defense engineering tunnel construction.


J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Dupont, Steven R. Coppen, Yu-Shien Ko, Nicholas J. Severs and Cheng-Ho Tsai Hung-I Yeh, Shou-Hsien Hou, Hsiang-Rui Hu, Yi-Nan Lee, Jiun-Yi Li, Emmanuel cardiopulmonary bypass Alteration of gap junctions and connexins in the right atrial appendage during http://jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/124/6/1106 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is


New gratification assessments, after skincare routines or makeup products, could benefit from innovative methods that could predict the culturally based perceptions of age.


Three dimensional fabrics and woven performs are gradually emerging as a new generation of carbon fabric with specialist aerospace applications. These materials have higher through thickness stiffness and strength compared to two-dimensional carbon fabrics; however, their in-plane properties may be reduced. The increased use of these materials is accompanied by the need to better understanding and predict their properties. A method of obtaining better understanding of these materials, through the use of an X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography (microCT) scanner to aid creation of geometries for finite element models, is presented. The modelling is done rapidly using an automated meshing routine designed to convert microCT image sets to voxel finite element models.


Joints made in stainless steel with certain low-melting brazing alloys (of the silvercopper-zinc-cadmium type) and exposed to the action of water or humid atmosphere are susceptible to corrosion of a rather unusual kind. The attack in this case consists in the dissolution of a very thin steel layer along the joint interface, as a result of which the bond between the steel and the brazing alloy is completely destroyed. A failure of this kind is illustrated in Fig. I, showing a laboratory stainless steel joint specimen in an advanced stage of corrosion. Since the quantity of metal that has to be dissolved to produce this effect is extremely small, the rate of bond destruction is very


In this paper it is to analyze, from fields of industrial economy and market system, reasons of same industrial structure at different sub region in the delta area of Changjiang River It shows that it is necessity of the same industrial structure within the delta area of Changjiang River, and exaggerating the negative effects brought by this problem excessively is not a scientific attitude What shall we pay an attention is the system (that causes the some industrial structure), i e non completed market mechanism, which causes the regional integrative economy in the delta area For example in Zhejiang Province, it is thought that the industrial development at sub region in the delta area of Changjiang River shall be positioned as "Similar Tending" according to reality of the centralized estate in the delta area of Changjiang River and "Four Centers" in Shanghai That will have mutual improvement by integrating economy within the delta area of Changjiang River


An actual renewable energy house, equipped with a geothermal heat pump (GHP)-powered floor heating system was investigated and analyzed. Daily annual monitoring between February 2005 ∼ February 2006 and real-time continuous system monitoring within selected periods during the winter season between November 2006 ∼ January 2007, were carried out in order to establish the actual performance of the system. It emerged that the GHP-powered floor heating system is sufficient for space heating, with the maintenance of near-uniform room temperatures even during the coldest days in a very cold region like Hokkaido, Japan. About 37% average of the floor heat losses are recoverable and more than 50% of the ventilation heat losses are recovered due to various innovative energy-saving techniques built into the system. Annual heat loss from the house estimated by the numerical simulation showed good agreement with the measured annual thermal demand for room heating. The simulation also estimated that annual running costs and Green House Gas (GHG) emissions reductions of 47% and 49% respectively, can be realized with this system compared to an equivalent conventional system. A detailed cost analysis for the GHP-only system revealed that if the cost of fuel oil increases by about 50% from the current value of ¥80/L, then the payback period for a GHP-powered renewable energy system is about 14 years. This payback period reduces to about 10 years if 30% of the initial cost of the GHP-powered system is externally funded.


The author discusses the results of studying in dynamics the cardiac output during infusion therapy conducted at the same rate in patients in the postoperative period. A pathogenetic scheme of the response of the cardiovascular system to the volume load is suggested.