The Aspergillus is an outstanding producer of Protease enzyme. A Box-Behnken experimental design was applied to optimize maximum production of protease was carried out using Aspergillus fischeri. This procedure limited the number of actual experiments performed while allowing for possible interactions between three components. The optimum values of tested variables for the maximum protease production were; Fructose 4.2 %, Thio urea 3.6 % and salt solution 4.0 %. The factorial approach also allowed us to quantify enzyme activity in any part of the experimental domain; consequently, to determine a culture medium to obtain crude extracellular alkaline protease (280Ug−1) yields. This method was efficient, only 20 experiments were necessary to assess these conditions and model adequacy was very satisfactory, as the coefficient of determination was 89.0 %. In the present work, we have demonstrated that the use of central composite factorial design by determining the conditions leading to high yield of enzyme production. Thus, smaller and less time consuming experimental designs could generally suffice for the


In this paper, we study decomposition techniques for nonlinear large scale systems, which have the feature that the interactions between the various subsystems are nonadditive. Using the technique of decomposing a graph into its strongly connected components, we first rewrite the nonlinear large scale systems with delays into a hierarchical form. Some simple criteria for partial stability are obtained.


The authors consider that, at any technology level, operation at liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT: 77.3 K) can directly yield a performance improvement exceeding that provided through down-scaling by a factor of two. Thus, MOS technology limits are extended by one generation through LNT operation. Because of its attractive speed, density, and power attributes, liquid-nitrogen-cooled CMOS represents a strategic technology alternative for mainframe computers, an area which has traditionally been the exclusive domain of bipolar technology. A summary of the advantages for MOS microelectronics operated at LNT is presented in a table and discussed.<<ETX>>


The provision of general anaesthesia requires the administration of drugs to suppress movement in response to noxious stimuli and responses to autonomic stimulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, to abolish awareness, and to relieve pain. Pain relief can be achieved by use of nitrous oxide as part of a balanced anaesthetic; by opioids or related drugs given intravenously or systemically; by other drugs having analgesic properties (for example, phencyclidines such as ketamine, or the NSAIDs); or by local anaesthetic agents, given topically by local infiltration to provide nerve or plexus blockade, or by the spinal route. In this review I shall consider the use of opioid drugs as part of balanced or other anaesthetic techniques for anaesthesia. The analgesic properties of morphine have been known since they were described by Theophrastus in the third century BC, but there is a continuing quest for newer and pharmacologically purer drugs that bring about analgesia without the unwanted other effects of the opium alkaloids. The first such synthetic agent was pethidine, produced in 1938; its use as part of a balanced technique using nitrous oxide was described by Neff and colleagues. 84 In 1958 Bailey and colleagues used pethidine with oxygen for cardiac surgery. 8 This led in turn to reports of the cardiovascular stability observed when large doses of morphine (0.5–1.0 mg kg � 1 ) were given to patients with compromised cardiovascular function. 74 However, the technique was not without its problems, namely intraoperative recall, failure to prevent intraoperative hypertension, histaminerelated hypotension and increased perioperative fluid requirements. In an attempt to remedy these side effects, some clinicians used even larger doses of morphine (up to 10 mg kg � 1 ), although this was found to be associated with greater haemodynamic instability. 120 Other side-effects included the potential for addiction and pronounced respiratory depression. In the course of the evaluation of alternative drugs with a greater analgesic selectivity, nalorphine was synthesized. Nalorphine not only reversed the respiratory depressant effects of morphine but also had intrinsic analgesic properties. This led to the develop


Objective To investigate the effects of portal vein regular chemotherapy in combination with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods A total of 48 patients were randomized into 2 groups.Twenty-three patients under ordinary condition (non-HBO group) and 25 under 0. 25 MPa (2.5 ATA) HBO (HBO group) were given portal vein regular chemotherapy for 4 courses with FMC scheme.Results The recurring rate within 2 years was significantly in HBO group than in non-HBO group(P 0.05).Conclusion The recurrence of HCC after resection is associated with the size of HCC,impairment of hepatic function,degree of hepatic cirrhosis etc.Portal vein regular chemotherapy in combination with 0.25 MPa HBO can significantly reduce its recurrence.


Romantic love between the university students is a common phenomenon.Thanks to the attack and the influence of the undergrowth and the instability of their outlooks,their viewpoint of love and morality and various kinds of wrong ideas,there are 3 typical tendencies of their love:blindlessly following suit and fashion;looking for the stimulation in order to get rid of loneliness;failing in love and then losing ambition and morals.The cause of all those unhealthy tendencies lies in two aspects:the objective and the subjective.So the college shouldn't take a lassez-faire attitude,on the contrary,it must strengthen the moral education of the university students.


Industrialization is largely dependent on human resources having appropriate skills particularly in Science, Engineering and Technology (SET). In this regard, Kenya adopted a bursary reform strategy in 2007 for 19 Technical Training Institutes with guidelines for its administration set where the ratios for beneficiaries are given as, for Poor Household 40%, Orphans 30%, Female 15%, and Special needs 15%. The objective of this study was to develop a Spatially Gender-Disaggregated Database that can be used for mainstreaming bursary allocation specifically for Women pursuing SET Programmes. GIS was used to develop this database which contained the location of Technical Training Institutions and the amount of Bursary allocated. To establish compliance with Bursary Administration policy, Kitale Technical Training was selected and data captured on the students by gender, home district and courses (SET, Business and Others). The results obtained revealed a total student population of 406 comprising 270 Males and 136 Females spatially distributed countrywide. A comparison of the courses taken by gender Male to Female ratios showed that for Science (7:3), Engineering (9:1), Technology (4:5), Business (5:5) and others (3:7). The total enrolment for Women in SET was found to be 50 (21%) which is very low. In addition, the bursary allocated to this particular institution benefited 9% of the total Female population. Using trace analysis it was established that 28 of the 50 Female students came from areas that are economically disadvantaged. Such information is useful in streamlining bursary administration leading to attraction of Women in SET programmes.


Overwhelming of 2 The result of the Catalyst 3 studies indicate that women holding top positions fall into a trap of three dilemmas: 1. How much softness, how much hardness? There is still prevailing bipolar perception of women's behav- iours: they are thought to be either too soft or too hard, never "just right". 2. Higher expectations, lower pay? Women face higher expectations as compared to men although they are pay less than men (in the USA women hold about 15% of the top corporative positions, but they con- stitute only 6.7% of the best paid managers). 3. Competent versus likable? Women on the top po- sitions are perceived as competent oror likable, very rarely they are considered both competent andand likable.


K-Winner-take-all (kWTA) is an operation that identifies the k largest inputs from multiple input signals. It has important applications in machine learning, statistics filtering and sorting, etc. As the number of inputs becomes large and the selection process should be operated in real time, parallel algorithms are desirable. For these reasons, many neural network algorithms have been proposed to solve kWTA. Compared with software simulations, the hardware implementation is capable of a high degree of parallelism. There are many hardware implementations that have been proposed, such as digital chips, analog chips, hybrids chips, FPGA based chips, and (non-electronic) optical chips implementation. Compared with other hardware implementations, the FPGA provides an effective programmable resource, together with a fast prototyping and rapid system deployment. In this paper, a new hardware implementation technique for a typical neural network of kWTA using a field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) chip is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed hardware implementation method has a high degree of parallelism and fast performance.


An external-cavity one-dimensional multi-wavelength beam combiner that performs wavelength beam combining along a stacking dimension of a laser stack formed of a plurality of laser arrays, each laser array configured to generate optical radiation having a unique wavelength, and each of the plurality of laser arrays including a plurality of laser emitters arranged along an array dimension of the laser stack. The multi-wavelength beam combiner includes a cylindrical telescope configured to image each of the laser emitters along a slow axis of the laser emitters, a transform lens arranged to intercept the optical radiation from each of the plurality of laser arrays and combine the optical radiation along a stacking dimension of the laser stack to form a multi-wavelength optical beam, and a diffraction element positioned at a region of overlap of the optical radiation to receive and transmit the multi-wavelength optical beam.


Modeling space-time foam using a noncritical Liouville-string model for the quantum fluctuations of D-branes with recoil, we discuss the issues of momentum and energy conservation in particle propagation and interactions. We argue that momentum should be conserved exactly during propagation and on the average during interactions, but that energy is conserved only on the average during propagation and is in general not conserved during particle interactions, because of changes in the background metric. We discuss the possible modification of the GZK cutoff on high-energy cosmic rays, in the light of this energy non-conservation as well as the possible modification of the usual relativistic momentum-energy relation.


Foragers can often show a broad range of strategies when searching for resources. The simplest foraging strategy is to search randomly within a habitat; however, foragers can often assess habitat quality over various spatial scales and use this information to keep themselves in, or direct themselves to, regions of high resource abundance or low predation risk. We investigated models that describe a population of consumers competing for a renewable resource that is distributed among discrete patches. Our aim was to identify what foraging strategy or strategies are expected to persist within a population, where strategies differ in the degree of habitat assessment (i.e. none, local, or global). We were interested in how the optimal strategies are dependent on the cost of assessment and habitat structure (i.e. the variation in renewal rates and predation risks among patches). The models showed that the simple random foraging strategy (i.e. make no habitat assessments) often persisted even when the cost of habitat assessment was low. Persistence could occur when habitat assessment and population dynamics generated an ideal free distribution because it could be exploited by the random foragers. Habitat assessment was more advantageous when consumers could not achieve ideal free distributions, which was more likely as patches became less productive. When productivity was low we sometimes observed the situation where different foraging strategies generated resource heterogeneities that promoted their coexistence, and this could occur even when all patches were intrinsically identical.


The large majority of patients with the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis characteristically have detectable antibodies against the acetykcholine receptor (AChR). Weused synthetic peptides to identify antibodies in sera of myasthenia gravis patients reactive with the human acetycholine receptor (HuAChR) a-subunit, residues 160-167. Affinity purification of these antibodies, using the HuAChRa-subunit 157-170 peptide immobilized on thiopropyl-Sepharose, yielded IgG antibodies that bound to the native AChRand inhibited the binding of a-bungarotoxin to the receptor. The HuAChRa-subunit 160-167 peptide demonstrated specific immunological crossreactivity with a shared homologous domain on herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D, residues 286-293, by both binding and inhibition studies. Thus, HuAChR a-subunit, residues 160-167, elicits antibodies in myasthenic patients that binds to the native AChRprotein and is capable of eliciting a biologic effect. Immunologic cross-reactivity of this "self" epitope with herpes simplex virus suggest that this virus may be associated with the initiation of some cases of myasthenia.


ABSTRACT The authors report on their investigation of some types of nineteenth century British children's periodical literature as a source of information regarding the social perception of disability of that time. A survey of the material in the Osborne Collection of early children's literature in the Toronto Public library suggests that the prevailing conception of disability of the time was of a fixed, divinely ordained state of being, viewed as having a global influence on the life of the disabled person. The disabled person was regarded as set apart from the rest of society by his or her disability.


This research analyzes the results of a recent survey in Oregon in order to assess recent opinion on vote-by-mail and also to estimate the effect of vote-by-mail on the turnout of various demographic and partisan groups. The results show that Oregonians have maintained their overwhelming support for vote-by-mail elections—in particular, women, Independents, Republicans, and older voters. Self-reported responses regarding frequency of voting indicate that women and the employed are most likely to indicate that they have voted more often since the adoption of vote-by-mail. This survey also suggests that this increased turnout under vote-by-mail does not give an advantage to a particular party's candidates.


Introduction. Shoulder pain in the shoulder joint arthrosis is a diffi cult problem to treat. The search for effective therapy of the shoulder region pathology is an urgent medical and socio-economic task, since the peak of morbidity is during the period of active human labor activity — 40 years. As a rule, nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs and glucocorticoid drugs are used to treat patients with shoulder pain syndrome and arthrosis of the shoulder joint of I–II degrees, but it is associated with potential risk of adverse reactions. Therefore, the search for non-drug methods of treatment is in demand. Osteopathic correction has proven itself well in the complex therapy of a number of degenerative joint diseases and pain syndrome. At the same time, there are currently few works devoted to the problem of restoring function in the shoulder joint and the life quality of a patient with the shoulder joint arthrosis of I–II degrees from the position of osteopathic correction. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of osteopathic correction on the motion range and life quality of patients with the shoulder joint arthrosis of I–II degrees.Materials and methods. The study involved 26 patients with arthrosis of the shoulder joint of I–II degrees. The study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021 at the «Tuya» Center of Traditional Medicine, Ufa. Using the method of randomization envelopes in a ratio of 1:1, there were formed two groups: control (13 patients) and main (13 patients too). All participants received standard conservative treatment. The participants of the main group additionally received a course of osteopathic correction (3 sessions, an interval is 2–3 weeks, and the duration of treatment is 1–2 months). Before and after the treatment, there were assessed the pain syndrome intensity using a 10-point visual-analog scale, the motion range in the diseased joint using a goniometer, the severity of pain syndrome and limitations in the shoulder joint using the Oxford Shoulder Score questionnaire, the life quality using the SF-36 questionnaire, and the osteopathic status according to approved clinical recommendations.Results. Standard treatment of patients in the control group was accompanied by a statistically signifi cant (p<0,05) decrease of the pain syndrome intensity, an increase of the motion range in the shoulder joint and a decrease of restrictions in the shoulder joint area. The inclusion of a osteopathic correction course in the treatment was accompanied by a statistically signifi cant (p><0,05) more pronounced positive dynamics in all of these indicators. In addition, patients of the main group were characterized by a signifi cant (p><0,05) improvement in the life quality by all indicators according to the SF-36 questionnaire. In most of the examined patients, the regional somatic dysfunctions (SD) of the thoracic region (structural and visceral components), and the dura mater region were revealed. In 100 % of patients, local SD of the shoulder joint were detected. The course of osteopathic correction was accompanied by a signifi cant (p><0,05) decrease of the detection frequency of thoracic region and dura mater regional SD, and of the local SD of the shoulder joint. There was no signifi cant dynamics in the control group. Conclusion. It is recommended to include a course of osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of patients with arthrosis of the shoulder joint of I–II degrees.><0,05) decrease of the pain syndrome intensity, an increase of the motion range in the shoulder joint and a decrease of restrictions in the shoulder joint area. The inclusion of a osteopathic correction course in the treatment was accompanied by a statistically signifi cant (p<0,05) more pronounced positive dynamics in all of these indicators. In addition, patients of the main group were characterized by a significant (p<0,05) improvement in the life quality by all indicators according to the SF-36 questionnaire. In most of the examined patients, the regional somatic dysfunctions (SD) of the thoracic region (structural and visceral components), and the dura mater region were revealed. In 100 % of patients, local SD of the shoulder joint were detected. The course of osteopathic correction was accompanied by a signifi cant (p<0,05) decrease of the detection frequency of thoracic region and dura mater regional SD, and of the local SD of the shoulder joint. There was no signifi cant dynamics in the control group.Conclusion. It is recommended to include a course of osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of patients with arthrosis of the shoulder joint of I–II degrees.


Now cyber-attacks are increasing because existing security systems are not able to identify them. The cyber attacks had purposes of disclosing personal information by attacking the PC and to reduce the system. The goal of recent heavy blows. attacks has changed from disclosing information and destruction of services to attacking large-scale systems such as analytic infrastructures. The defense technologies to counter these attacks are build on patterns matching methods which are very limited. This reality, The event of new and previously unknown attack, detections rate become very low. To keep safe from these unknown attacks, which unable to identified with existing technology, We proposed the new model based on big data analysis techniques that can obtain information from a variety of sources to identify future attacks. The model base on the future Advanced Persistent Threat detection and prevention system implementations.


The statin family has grown with the addition of rosuvastatin and pitavastatin. Rosuvastatin is a highly potent statin and its effect when compared milligram for milligram with other potent statins is approximately double that of atorvastatin and 4 times that of simvastatin. Rosuvastatin also raises HDL cholesterol (HDLC) more effectively than most other statins, but there is currently no evidence that this translates into improved clinical outcomes when compared with treatment with other statins. Rosuvastatin has a low potential to interact with other drugs. Many studies with rosuvastatin addressing important questions in lipidology are still ongoing and the results are eagerly awaited. Pitavastatin was developed in Japan and is currently not marketed in South Africa. Generic statins have significantly reduced the costs of lipidmodifying therapy and allowed many more patients access to this important therapy.


Every human being born on this earth has rights known as human rights. Similarly, victims of any type of violence have been provided rights. Intimate partners usually have a bond of love and they treat each other very caringly and passionately but circumstances do arise when even intimate partners have to face violence at the hands of their partners whom they love and adore.
In this paper, literature is reviewed to find the global facts and the rights of victims of intimate partner violence [IPV].


The newly synthesized alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drug BHC (N,N'-bis[6-(10-methoxybenzyl-amino)-a-hexyl]cystamine) was found to block irreversibly the positive inotropic effect of the sympathomimetic drug phenylephrine on the isolated rat left atrium. BHC was used to test the adrenoceptor interconversion hypothesis which claims that low temperature converts inotropic beta-adrenoceptors in rat atrium and frog ventricle to alpha-adrenoceptors. There was no evidence of adrenoceptor 'interconversion.' In the rat atrium low temperature did not increase the BHC antagonism of phenylephrine and did not cause BHC to inhibit the inotropic effect of noradrenaline or isoprenaline. In the perfused frog heart low temperature did not lead BHC to inhibit the inotropic effect of phenylephrine, adrenaline, or isoprenaline.


In order to understand the temporal distribution of pico- and nanoplankton and factors controlling its distribution at a station in Okkye Bay of Masan Bay located in the southern part of Korea, this study was conducted on two weeks interval from April 2005 to April 2006, and several abiotic and biotic factors were measured. During the study, picoplankton consisted of picoflagellates, cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, and nanoplankton consisted of nanoflagellates excluding dinoflagellates. The concentration of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) was a mean of , and the nanoplanktonic ($, respectively. The contribution of picoflagellates to the PF abundance varied among the sampling occasions and was a mean of 29 %, but to the PF carbon biomass was 2.6 % only. The PF abundance had significant relationships with water temperature, and silicate and TIN concentrations, suggesting that the PF abundance seemed to be primarily bottom-up regulated. The abundance of heterotrophic bacteria was a mean of and unlike other ecosystems it did not have relationships with chl-a and heterotrophic flagellates (HF), suggesting that bacterial abundance did not seem to be bottom-up or top-down regulated. HF mostly consisted of cells less than and its abundance was a mean of . Of the HF abundance, picoflagellates occupied about 31 %, and occupied about 9 % of the HF carbon biomass. HF grazing activity on heterotrophic bacteria was relatively low and removed about 10 % of bacterial abundance, suggesting that HF might not be major consumers of bacteria and there seems to be other consumers in Okkye Bay. These results suggest that Okkye Bay may have a unique microbial ecosystem.


Due to deregulation, public transport in the European Union will become a more competitive market. The DISSY project demonstrates the economical and social benefits that may be obtained by the application of operations research techniques combined with high performance computing and networking (HPCN) in the field of human resource planning for organisations employing a large work force. DISSY is a simulation and decision support system for the bus and tram driver duty rostering problem in urban public transport (UPT). The tool allows modelling and evaluation of tentative or alternative rostering scenarios, thereby enabling the organisation to better adapt policies to new framework conditions. We compare an integer linear programming with a metaheuristic approach for the rota scheduling problem and develop an algorithm for the problem of designing profiles that combines integer linear programming and local search. The latter problem arises in connection with the concept of an integrated rostering of drivers partitioned into groups. ¶ firstname.lastname@example.com, formerly VSS GmbH ‡ Bremer Straßenbahn AG, Bremen, firstname.lastname@example.com § email@example.com, formerly VSS GmbH


The surge of information globally motivates for automated rumour detection. We use Fact-checking to detect rumours of the type misinformation. The FEVER-shared task is the Fact-checking task used for this comparative study. The task is divided into Document Retrieval, Sentence Selection, and Claim Verification components. We standardise TF-IDF for Document Retrieval, before creating the pipelines of Sentence Selection and Claim Verification algorithms. We evaluate each unique combination on the FEVER score, then compare the four pipelines to the baseline and state of the art. Our results show that the 2-way classification task using the Siamese BiLSTM achieves better Evidence Retrieval F1 scores than the state of the art models, and that the pipeline combinations, rival the state of the art for the Shared Task. The novelty of this research lies in the standardised text processing on novel pipeline combinations, allowing for comparable results, as well as the evaluation of the Siamese BiLSTM.


Abstract : The linewidth and Einstein coefficient values required for modeling the HCl non-reacting mixing laser (NRML) have been reviewed and new linewidth calculations prepared. The results have been fit to a simple functional form suitable for inclusion in detailed laser modeling codes. Further development was also carried out of an efficient non-equilibrium chemistry subroutine suitable for inclusion in laser modeling codes. Listings of the detailed results and the chemistry code are given in appendices of the report. (Author)


Accepted: September 21, 2022; Published: April 2023 Copyright: ©2023 Cutrone et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (BY-NC-4.0), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited.


Two glasshouse experiments were carried out to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses to water deficit of Mediterranean and temperate tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars. In Expt 1, 3 cultivars were studied: 2 temperate cultivars, Grasslands Advance (GA) and El Palenque (EP); and a Mediterranean cultivar, Maris Kasba (MK). Water deficit was induced in containers of 4 plants of a single cultivar by withholding water. In Expt 2, plants of EP and MK were grown together in the same container and received water daily with gradation in intensity of water deficit achieved by varying the daily water ration per container. All cultivars in each experiment exhibited commonly reported responses to water deficit, characterised by diminished evaporative surface area and increased root : shoot ratio. The response of MK was primarily morphological and MK plants had smaller plant size, higher root : shoot ratio, and a lower growth rate compared with temperate cultivars. By contrast, response of temperate cultivars was primarily physiological; stomatal conductance of temperate cultivars was lower and these cultivars had a greater tendency for leaf lamina osmotic adjustment than MK under the most stressful water deficit conditions studied. The morphological adaptations of MK were very effective in delaying the onset of water deficit in Expt 1 when plants were grown with others of the same cultivar, but rendered MK plants uncompetitive and more susceptible to water deficit in Expt 2 where plants of MK where interspersed with plants of a temperate cultivar.


The West African country Guinea-Bissau is home to the world's highest prevalence of HIV-2, and its HIV-1 prevalence is rising. Other chronic viral infections like human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and hepatitis B virus are common as well. The Bissau HIV Cohort was started in 2007 to gain new insights into the overall effect of introducing antiretroviral treatment in a treatment-naı̈ve population with concomitant infection with three retroviruses (HIV-1, HIV-2 and HTLV-1) and tuberculosis. The cohort includes patients from the HIV clinic at Hospital Nacional Simão Mendes, the main hospital in Bissau, the capital of the country. From July 2007 to June 2013, 3762 HIV-infected patients (69% HIV-1, 18% HIV-2, 11% HIV-1/2 and 2% HIV type unknown) were included in the world's largest single-centre HIV-2 cohort. Demographic and clinical data are collected at baseline and every 6 months, together with CD4 cell count and routine biochemistry analyses. Plasma and cells are stored in a biobank in Denmark. The Bissau HIV Cohort is administered by the Bissau HIV Cohort study group. Potential collaborators are invited to contact the chair of the cohort study group, Christian Wejse, e-mail: [email@example.com]. Why was the cohort set up? Guinea-Bissau in West Africa is a low-income country with a gross national income per capita of 1240 international dollars in 2013. The country has the highest prevalence of HIV-2 in the world. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the estimated overall HIV prevalence in Guinea-Bissau is 3.9% (2.9–5.3%). In the most recent (2006) survey from the capital, Bissau, the prevalence of HIV-2 in Guinea-Bissau was 4.4%; this prevalence is higher among older adults, VC The Author 2014; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 756 International Journal of Epidemiology, 2015, 756–763 doi: 10.1093/ije/dyu201 Advance Access Publication Date: 22 October 2014


This chapter examines the role sanitation (in its widest sense) plays in preventing the transmission of excreta-related diseases. The proper management of excreta acts as the primary barrier to prevent the spread of pathogens in the environment. It, thus, directly impacts disease transmission through person-toperson contact, water and the food chain. This chapter focuses on the health dimensions and relative importance of sanitation measures, and discusses technical options for the containment and treatment of excreta. It highlights the need to consider water-related guidelines and standards in terms of the 'greater picture', utilising an integrated approach rather than proceeding on a case by case basis.


During the last 10 years, a new phenomena has become apparent in Swedish society causing it to face a line of new challenges. This is because of the total unaccompanied asylum-seeking children that has increased significantly during the 21st century. Estimates calculate that this number is going to increase even more during the next few years. These children are especially vulnerable as, at the same time missing their parents and their homeland, they find themselves in the middle of an uncertain asylum process. Many children carry with them difficult experiences of war, violence, abuse and tough family situations. As they have left what they know as security and are alone in a new environment, the first period of time in this country is of paramount importance as it can be crucial. To create a sense of security in this new situation, the reception and support they receive during this time is very important.With this in mind, it seems important to pay attention to these unaccompanied asylum-seeking children's experiences and stories as the aim of this study was to examine their accounts of the support they had received during their asylum process, which aspects were a hindrance and which aspects were promotive during this time. To acquire a deeper understanding for these children's experiences, a qualitative approach was used with semi-structured interviews. The study's theoretical grounds used are network theory and social support. The data collected has been coded, categorized, thematized and analyzed based on previous research and the two aforementioned theoretical perspectives.The results show that, during the asylum process, the children's social network is primarily in the HVB home, which forms the children's social context and constitutes the main source of support. The emotional support through good relationships is found to be significant but even communication constituted an opportunity to acquire adequate support. Language was shown as having fundamental importance. The support it meant to socialize with friends and personnel through participating in different activities was significant. This enabled the children to rest by not thinking about past traumatic experiences


In this study, the newly-developed Panel SURADF tests advanced by Breuer et al. (2001) are used to investigate whether the growth rate of electronics firms is independent of their size, as postulated by Gibrat's (1931) Law of Proportionate Effects. Time-series data for the total assets of 48 electronic firms in Taiwan during the 1995–2004 period are used. Whereas other panel-based unit root tests are joint tests of a unit root for all members of a panel and are incapable of determining the mix of I(0) and I(1) series in a panel setting, the Panel SURADF tests investigate a separate unit root null hypothesis for each individual panel member and are, therefore, able to identify how many and which series in the panel are stationary processes. The empirical results from several panel-based unit root tests indicate that the total assets of all firms studied here are nonstationary, implying that Gibrat's Law holds for all 48 firms; however, Breuer et al.'s (2001) Panel SURADF tests unequivocally indicate that Gibrat's Law is only valid for 27 of those firms.


This paper proposes a method of segmentation that segments lecture video material into video scenes based on speech signals for creation of educational video contents. To represent subtopics of video scenes, the text recognized by ASR from a lecture speech was converted into an index using independent component analysis (ICA) instead of conventional TF-IDF. This research attempted a method of segmentation using dynamic programming that minimizes the sum of cosine measures between adjacent indexes that represent subtopics of video scenes. The validity of the proposed method was evaluated using a sample lecture video of approximately 60 minutes. Results indicated that the proposed method using ICA obtained approximately 96% recall without ASR errors. The method of segmentation using ICA was much faster than the method using TF-IDF because the size of the index using ICA was smaller than that of TF-IDF.


The aim of the present paper was to study the gelation process of two silica-based solutions: a colloidal silica sol and a sodium silicate solution, both containing 1% SiO 2 . Their gelation was performed at pH = 5, by destabilization with HNO 3 25%. In order to establish the influence of alkaline ions (Na+) on the gel formation, a comparative study was realized, using four well known methods: viscosimetry, pH-metry, the complex formation method of the silicate ions with ammonium molybdate and the IR spectroscopy. All methods evidenced that gels formed in the presence of Na + exhibit more rapid gelation kinetics.


A new CaFe3O5-type phase NiFe3O5 (orthorhombic Cmcm symmetry, cell parameters a = 2.89126(7), b = 9.71988(21) and c = 12.52694(27) Å) has been synthesised under pressures of 12-13 GPa at 1200 °C. NiFe3O5 has an inverse cation site distribution and reveals an interesting evolution from M2+(Fe3+ )2Fe2+O5 to Fe2+(M2+ 0.5Fe3+ 0.5)2Fe3+O5 distributions over three distinct cation sites as M2+ cation size decreases from Ca to Ni. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show successive transitions at 275, ~150, and ~20 K and neutron diffraction data reveal a series of at least three spin-ordered phases with evolving propagation vectors k = [0 0 0] [0 ky 0]  [½ ½ 0] on cooling. The rich variety of magnetically ordered phases in NiFe3O5 likely results from frustration of Goodenough-Kanamori exchange interactions between the three spin sublattices, and further interesting magnetic materials are expected to be accessible within the CaFe3O5-type family.


We propose a novel scene-robot interaction graph (SRI-Graph) that exploits the known position of a mobile manipulator for robust and accurate scene understanding. Compared to the state-of-the-art scene graph approaches, the proposed SRI-Graph captures not only the relationships between the objects, but also the relationships between the robot manipulator and objects with which it interacts. To improve the detection accuracy of spatial relationships, we leverage the 3D position of the mobile manipulator in addition to RGB images. The manipulator's ego information is crucial for a successful scene understanding when the relationships are visually uncertain. The proposed model is validated for a real-world 3D robot-assisted feeding task. We release a new dataset named 3DRF-Pos for training and validation. We also develop a tool, named LabelImg-Rel, as an extension of the open-sourced image annotation tool LabelImg for a convenient annotation in robot-environment interaction scenarios*. Our experimental results using the Movo platform show that SRI-Graph outperforms the state-of-the-art approach and improves detection accuracy by up to 9.83%.


Experience contributes important knowledge in many procedures. From the experience gained in tuning the Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) operating system, a set of guidelines to help MVS installations avoid performance problems are suggested, along with an approach to tuning an MVS system. The guidelines can help a performance analyst isolate the cause of a performance problem. Not all possible problems that might be encountered are included. It is found that most MVS performance problems are a result of poor workload management and are often related to I/O activities.


To increase the availability to consumers and add more value to loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), which is a very perishable and seasonal fruit, and in order to identify which cultivars grown in subtropical regions are more suitable for jelly processing, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different loquat cultivars (Fukuhara, Kurisaki, Mizumo, Mizuho and Mizauto) grown in subtropical regions of Brazil on the physicochemical characteristics, rheological properties and sensory acceptance of the resulting jelly. Based on sensory acceptance the most suitable loquat cultivars for jelly processing are Kurisaki and Mizuho. In this study it was found that the consumer prefers a more acidic, less sweet, less firm or softer loquat jelly, clearer with a more intense red color.


This research identified and characterized the risks to which the users of the Free University in the Popular Forest are exposed during their journey from their home to the university and vice versa, taking into account the environmental, social and technological risks. For this, a survey was designed to analyze variables such as gender, age, consideration of the road network in its daily route, if it had suffered injuries and / or accidents, among others that were applied to 160 user bicycles. The results indicated that the perception of the risk is greater depends on the place of origin of the user of the bike, that the poor state of the cycle routes increases the perception of risk when committing unsafe acts. The theft is the social risk that most affects the bike users, the environmental risks rain is the one with the highest risk perception and the most relevant technological risk is the mechanical damage.


Metal oxides show fascinating physical properties such as ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, high temperature superconductivity, ferroelectricity, or even multiferroicity. For many possible electronic applications as well as fundamental studies, it is essential to fabricate epitaxial layered films and multilayers of these materials having complex lattice structures with sharp interfaces, preserving epitaxiallity through the whole structure. We have grown these kind of oxide heterostructures on single crystal (001) oriented SrTiO3 substrates by using an in-situ DC sputtering technique at high oxygen pressures. Specifically, we report the study of magnetic and transport properties in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic, F/AF, heterostructures based on the Ca-doped lanthanum manganite system. We artificially grew La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/La1/3Ca2/3MnO3 heterostructures, maintaining constant the total thickness of the sample and systematically varying the thicknesses of the antiferromagnetic layer (tAF) and ferromagnetic layer (tF). Magnetization measurements indicate a dependence of Curie temperature, exchange bias field, and magnetoresistance behavior with the tAF/tF ratio.


Monetary policy transmission system is a typical complex economic system,and has a complicated dynamic evolutional process.The chaos theory can be introduced to conduct research on it,thus the dynamic model of the process of monetary policy change is established by applying the chaotic method.Complexity scientific explanation on monetary multiplier effect and financial crisis is presented by using the butterfly effect,and then the theoretical conclusion is verified by using China's monetary policy transmission basic data,and the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.The research proves that monetary policy transmission system has profound complexity mechanism and chaos characteristics in order to strengthen stability and keep resistant to interference of monetary policy transmission system,and eliminate abnormal fluctuations caused by chaos characteristics.The key to improve the operation efficiency of monetary policy transmission system and prevent it from volatile is that perfect monetary policy transmission mechanism must be constructed on the basis of the chaos rule of it.


There was information omitted from the Funding statement. The correct version is available below.

This study was supported by Stiftelsen Kempe-Carlgrenska Fonden. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


Storing carbon dioxide in the oceans is expected to provide a useful means of tackling climate change. Especially, the availability of iron to marine phytoplankton has received considerable attention. There is a hypothesis that fertilizing the oceans with iron may help to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, because they increase the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by phytoplankton in the oceans. In this study, we present data on the effect of the chemical form of iron on the growth of phytoplankton in artificial seawater media, in which we have varied the composition of dissolved iron species using synthetic chelators. It was found that chemical forms of iron in the culture media influenced the cell growth of phytoplankton. Under low-iron conditions, the phytoplankton growth was affected by the concentrations of synthetic chelators in the culture media. Under high-iron conditions, there was little difference in growth rates of phytoplankton between chelators in the media. On the basis of the data obtained, we discuss equilibrium conditions controlling the phytoplankton growth in the cultures.


The quasi-static crush behavior of aluminum 5052-H38 honeycomb specimens under non-proportional compression dominant combined loads is investigated by experiments. Compression dominant combined loads and pure compressive loads were applied in different sequences to induce non-proportional combined loads. The experimental results show that the normal crush and shear strengths in combined loading regions and the normal crush strengths in pure compressive loading regions of the non-proportional combined loads are quite consistent with the existing phenomenological yield criterion based on the experimental normal crush and shear strengths under proportional combined loads. The experimental results indicate that the sequence of loading paths for the non-proportional combined loads does not affect the crush strengths of honeycomb specimens. Specimens crushed under non-proportional combined loads show developments of different stacking patterns of folds in different loading regions of the non-proportional combined loads.


There is a little gem of a scene in the The imagined visual pleasures of this 1952 movie version of William Inge's spoken text congeal in the housewife's play Come Back , Little Sheba, in which answering smile. Alone with her assisted Shirley Booth, in her Academy Awardfantasy, she lays herself down on the livwinning portrayal of a dowdy middle aged American housewife, switches on her favorite midday radio program, "Ta boo." Out croons the deep-sexy voice of the male announcer:


Camellia oleifera of Mengjiang is an excellent middle-fruit germplasm,which is limitedly distributed and has never been bred.58 excellent trees with fine growth performance and fruit yield were preliminarily selected based on field investigation of C.oleifera of Mengjiang in major distributions,and variat ions of growth and seed characteristics were analyzed.The results show that tree growth and seed characteristics in C.oleifera of Mengjiang have highly variation.The results of principal component analysis indicate that oil percentage in seed has highly positive correla tion with oil percentage in kernel,dry seed mass,dry kernel mass,ratio of crown width to crown height,second branch angle,branch number per main tip,oil percentage in fruit and kernel percentage.In addition,branch length,leaf length,crown shape,leaf width,leaf number per main tip and branch angle are eliminated from the selection indexes of C.oleifera of Mengjiang,since they offer little effective information for selecting superior trees.A synthetical evaluation model is established based on the main variation indexes.The five fine germplasms with the highest oil yield are selected by using the model,including MY10,MY22,MY17,MY42 and MY21,and they are suitable for asexual propagation.


This paper provides an analysis of the power performance degradations of interdigitated HEMTs in millimeter wave range as the total gate width increases. It investigates the possibility of optimizing the device topology by combining a limited number of via holes and airbridge source connections in order to offer a good cost-performance trade off. >


Key Points Question Is exposure to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination associated with the generation of broadly reactive antibody responses? Findings In this cohort study of 18 sera samples collected from 14 patients with MERS-CoV infection before and after COVID-19 vaccination, there were significantly boosted cross-reactive immune responses toward other human coronaviruses, with the strongest cross-recognition between SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. Meaning These results suggest that COVID-19 vaccination might enhance preexisting immunity against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and to a lesser extent, against other human coronaviruses.


Middle voltage circuit breakers (MVCB) are important in power system. Applying condition monitoring on a MVCB is beneficial to detect potential hazards. Vibration analysis is a noninvasive method for condition monitoring of mechanism. Furthermore the vibration signal on framework of a MVCB carries abundant information of its operating mechanism. Thus developing a condition monitoring system for a MVCB is necessary and meaningful. During the building of the system, the type and the location of the accelerator is taken into consideration, the signal processing circuit is designed, the data acquisition (DAQ) card is chosen, at the same time, the software is developed by VC++, LabVIEW and MATLAB, which can acquire data and de-noise the signal with user friendly interface.


AS A RISK CONSULTANT FOR BUSINESSES and a slew of three-lettered U.S. government agencies, Contributing Editor Robert N. Charette has seen more than his share of languishing legacy IT systems. As a civilian, he's also been a casualty of a legacy system gone berserk. A few years ago, his bank's IT system, which he later found out was being upgraded, made an error that was most definitely not in his favor.


Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts of Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts of Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America College of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts of Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts of Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America


The authors discuss the relationship of these growths and the method of dissemination, if one is secondary to another. In Class I proof is lacking that the infection did not travel by lymphatic infection, permeation or peritoneal dissemination, but for the fact that at the various operations no signs of dissemination were present. The alternative hypothesis is that either the growths were primary or the lower were implantation or infection tumours.


In this paper, we study the minimum power multicasting problem where the transmission power required for one
network terminal to transmit to another is subject to uncertainty. We present our algorithmic approach which executes a classical mixed integer linear programming approach on the problem and then executes algorithmic procedures on the solution to improve its robustness. We then show our experimental procedures which test our approach on different levels of uncertainty
and study the trade-off provided by the approach between solution cost and robustness. We also mathematically verify the correctness of the samplingmethod used in the experiments.


Abstract : This contractor has two major objectives. The first was to build, test, and deliver to the government an entry control system using speaker verification (voice authentication) as the mechanism for verifying the user's claimed identity. This system included a physical mantrap, with an integral weight scale to prevent more than one user from gaining access with one verification (tailgating). The speaker verification part of the entry control system contained all the updates and embellishments to the algorithm that was developed earlier for the BISS (Base and Installation Security System) system under contract with the Electronic Systems Division of the USAF. These updates were tested prior to and during the contract on an operational system used at Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, for controlling entry to the Corporate Information Center (CIC). (Author)


The metal heat-treatment was classified in mechanism into three types by comparatively analyzing the heat treatments of titanium alloy,aluminium alloy and steel.The heat treatment of titanium alloy was thought to be the third kind of heart treatment.The main transitional phases in titanium alloy during heat treatment were introduced.The analyses focused on the relationship between α′ phase and α″ phase,quenching aging β phase.It was pointed out that the characteristics of α′ phase and α″ phase were collaboratively influenced by structure and solution rate,and the β phase was divided in detail into β_(0),β,β′,β″.In the end,the hardness relationship of phases in titanium alloy was arranged,and the hardness sequencing is ωα′≈β″α″≈αββ′β_(0).


. Food security is a condition of adequate food availability, while poverty is a condition where the basic needs are unable to be fulfilled. Food security is strongly related to multidimensional poverty. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the food security and multidimensional poverty status of coastal communities in Enggano Island who work as mud crab fishermen. In order to reach the purpose, about 42 fishermen were chosen as respondents. The data analysis used was the food security index measurement, income per capita and multidimensional measurement based on the dimensions of education, health, and standard of living. The results show that the fishermen households have three categories of food security which are the food secure (19%), enough food secure (74%), and the low food secure (7%). The first category is distinguished by the availability of food supplies and to fulfill the needs from purchasing, no food lack, no fear of food lack, and the affordable food price. The second category emphasizes on these five characters such as the food supply is available, able to purchase the household needs, never experienced difficulty of food caused by the first two options, never subjected to the fear of food shortage due to the first two options, relatively expensive food price. Furthermore, the food category is identified by five of the following characters, there isn't food supply, not able to fulfil the needs of this household from other sources, lack of food due to three causes or more, fear for the lack of food due to three causes or more, and relatively expensive food price. The fishermen household's poverty is based on the per capita income which is divided into two classes which are, un-poor household (69%) and poor household (31%). From these classes, 7% of them are grouped into multidimensional poverty, 50% are vulnerable to multidimensional poverty, and the rest, 43% are of no multidimensional poverty. The multidimensional poverty are characterized by their educational background which are, some achieving only elementary school level, children dropping out of school, cooking with firewood, and unable to afford any motorized vehicle. Further, the character of vulnerable household on multidimensional is classified by the educational background only achieving an elementary school and using firewood for cooking food. The un-poor household on multidimensional poverty is a household having dimensions of education, healthcare, and affordable standard of living.


The Multiple Institution Database for Investigating Engineering Longitudinal Development (MIDFIELD) is expanding from 14 to about 100 institutions across the USA. This special session aims to introduce participants to MIDFIELD, explore how to conduct research with such a resource, and explain how participants can access MIDFIELD.


The aim of this Study is to find out the interpersonal relationship between working mothers' with their adolescents in view of adolescents own career aspiration, mothers own career aspiration and adolescents views for mothers' profession and mothers' views for their own profession. For this purpose 120 respondents were selected 60 adolescents {30 boys and 30 girls} and 60 their working mothers. 60 adolescents were selected randomly from Kanpur city than their working mothers were approached. The data was collected through survey method with the help of self prepared questionnaire. The findings shows that Maximum 90.0% adolescents interested in any profession their parents support them. Value of Z was found (2.531*) positively significant at the level of 0.5% level of significance between boys and girls in the area of adolescents views about their own career aspiration. And mostly 80.0 % adolescents were agreed mothers' employment give financial support to family. Positively significant correlation (0.4466*) was found at the level of 0.5% level of significance between boys and girls in the area of adolescents views for their working mothers' profession. Maximum 98.3% working mothers' told their family members supported in work, and maximum 98.3% working mothers of the adolescents were told job given financially support to the family. Value of Z test was found (2.100*) significant at the level of 0.5% level of significance between mothers of the girls and mothers of the boys in the area of mother's views for their own profession.


Rising incomes in China have not lead to a smaller degree of undernutrition as measured by percent of population below calorie and protein recommended daily allowances (RDA). The weak relationship between income and nutrition is further demonstrated by our income elasticity estimates for calories and protein that are generally zero. We do find that the percentage of fat in the calorie source is a normal good.


We worked on the one-step synthesis of hyperbranched polyarylate resins through the homo-and copolycyclotrimerizations of diynes and monoynes initiated by tantalum-based catalysts,with the aim of exploring new synthetic routes to hyperbranched polyarylate resins.A group of hyperbranched poly(alkylenephenylenes)(hb-PAPs)were synthesized by TaBr5-Ph4 Sn catalyzed polycyclotrimerization of 1,7-octadiyne.To improve the solubility of the homopolymers,the diyne monomers were copolymerized with phenylacetylene.IR,and 1H NMR Spectrum confirmed that the target polymers had formed via a [2+2+2]cyclotrimerization mechanism.The kind of monomer,the catalyst monomer ratio,the catalyst aging,reaction temperature and reaction time on the resin structure and thermal properties were investigated.


The Soviet Union, sole Baltic state claiming a 200 mile economic zone, has recently concluded new delimitation agreements with Finland and Poland. In so doing a single maritime boundary is established to delimit territorial waters, exclusive economic zones, fishery zones and continental shelves in the area, which in both cases corresponds with previous agreements on these boundaries. To illustrate the point attention is paid also to the evolution of the different claims made by these Baltic states in recent decades. (Accepted for publication Oct. 1987.). © 1988 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.


In this paper, symmetric period-3 motions and pairs of asymmetric period-3 and period-6 motions in a periodically excited nonlinear spring pendulum system are determined semi-analytically through the implicit map method. Numerical and analytical results are illustrated for verification. The time histories of displacements and velocities are illustrated for each periodic motions; and the corresponding trajectories in phase plane are also presented.


A normal mode expansion for the analysis of acoustic-wave problems is given. The expansion is based on orthogonality relations between the modes of an acoustic wave, and makes it possible to relate the perturbation and propagation constant of a particular mode to the properties of the modes of the unperturbed system, and of the perturbation. The use of the general expansions is then demonstrated by using it to determine a variational expression of an interdigital transducer. The results obtained are very similar to those of Smith, and demonstrate the connection between the crossed-field and series formulations for the transducer impedance.


There are two features common to the thalassemias and to the congenital Heinz body anemias associated with unstable hemoglobins, the presence of red cell inclusions,1. The inclusion bodies found in the red cells of patients affected with 8thalassemia major, and first well characterized by Fessas and his colleagues were shown to be formed apparently of precipitated a-chains. In Hemoglobin H disease (a-thalassemia) , Rachmilewitz and associates showed that the inclusions contained primarily @-chains. Inclusion bodies found in the red cells of H b H disease and /3-thalassemia patients show the spectral characteristics of hemichromes; ti those derived from red cells of H b Koln patients show similar characteristics, including optical and electron spin resonance spectra.: Recently, Winterbourn and Carrel1 ' reported that dark brown ghosts prepared from the incubated red cells of a patient with the unstable H b Christchurch had large, membrane-bound Heinz bodies. Ghosts and Heinz bodies were solubilized and H b chains identified. These heme-bearing chains (oTolidine stainable) were found to be mostly derived from H b Christchurch, with both a and @-chain peptides present in similar yields. The other clinical feature reported in most cases of unstable H b syndromes and in severer forms of the thalassemias is increased pigmentation of the urine so that it may be golden brown to very dark brown in color, the color attributed to the presence of excess pyrrolic pigments.:'. I " We reported in 1966 :: that the pigments found in the urine of patients with hemoglobin Koln and of patients with severe @-thalassemia, and seemingly responsible for the dark color, showed characteristics similar to those of natural mesobilifuscins or polymeric dipyrroles.". and brown pigmentation of the urine.:'


Work is being performed to establish effective quantitative methods for the mapping, monitoring and assessment of coral reef ecosystems using hyperspectral remote sensing. Specifically, imagery acquired over the Hawaiian Islands by NASA's Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) is being used to develop, apply and evaluate algorithms for analyzing coral reefs using airborne hyperspectral data. The imagery was obtained during two separate AVIRIS deployments to Hawaii, one in April 2000 and another in October 2001. The coral ecosystems covered in these deployments exhibit conditions ranging from significantly human impacted reefs in the Main Hawaiian Islands to the relatively pristine coral environments of the Northwestern Islands. In addition to this significant spatial coverage, the deployments also provide temporal coverage through repeat acquisition of select study areas. Of these locations, the primary study area being used for this research is Kaneohe Bay on the windward shore of Oahu (Figure 1). This area provides many advantages as a model system for developing algorithms, including ease of accessibility for fieldwork, a wealth of supporting research literature and limited species diversity. The bay also exhibits a significant range in habitat health, from coraldominated to algae-dominated, thereby allowing evaluations of algorithm effectiveness in identifying such differences.


First-Mover Advantage is widely applied in Strategic Management, Marketing and Economic. But up to now, there is no research is available to determine whether or not the existence of FMA when Chinese automobile enterprises are facing the anfractuous and dynamic environment. This paper develops a new approach for the empirical analysis on FMA based on ARIMA model. By the comparison between predicting value of car sales and measured one is studied, the result shows that FMA is present.


With the rapid development of smart grid technology, energy IoT technology has become a new direction for the development of power grid enterprises. The energy Internet of Things covers the state of perception, information transmission and intelligent processing of the smart grid, and comprehensively improves the depth, breadth and density of information perception of the grid. The construction of smart grid energy IoT is an important development direction under the smart grid. The article analyzes the technology and network security of the smart grid energy Internet of Things. Based on the characteristics of the smart grid energy Internet of Things and the security risks it faces, the full-scenario network security protection technology adapted to the smart grid energy Internet of Things is analyzed. The suitable intelligence is studied from four aspects: perception layer, network layer, platform layer and application layer. The architecture and content of the full-site network security protection system of the grid energy Internet of Things provides ideas and methods for effectively ensuring the network security of grid enterprises.


The author conducted a comparative analysis of the criteria for the classification of tourist travel, developed be UNWTO and leading experts in the field of international tourism. The article investigates that international tourism is classified by a large number of features, mostly typical for tourism because international tourism is its category. Based on the study determined that international tourism mostly grouped on grounds such as age travelers, purpose of travel, length of trip, mode of travel, number of participants, the intensity of tourist flows, territorial sign, way to travel and accommodation, the direction of tourist flow and sources of funding. Special attention is paid to the classification of international tourism for the purpose of travel. The investigation substantiates the role and importance of the classification of international tourism for the state and for tourism businesses. Beside this, we specified the factors that affect the formation of new types of international tourist travel.


This paper applies an abstract framework of canonical inference to explore how different proof orderings induce different variations of saturation and completeness. It defines fairness in terms of proof orderings, distinguishing between "fairness," which yields completeness, and "uniform fairness," which yields saturation. Notions like completion, paramodulation, saturation, redundancy elimination, and rewrite-system reduction are connected to proof orderings.


Objective:To discuss the effect of bone marrow stem cell mobilization on density and function of macrophages in deep vein thrombosis.Methods:Adult SD rats were divided randomly into sham operation group,thrombus group and rhG-CSF group.Analyzed the density change of macrophages in thrombus on the 7th and 14th day after operation and observed the function of macrophages in thrombus by electron microscope.Results:Density of macrophages in thrombus significantly increased in rhG-CSF group,compared with that in thrombus group(P 0.05).Macrophage phagocytic function was active,lysosomes and phagosomes increased,neonatal immature blood vessels and mature recanalized blood vessels were common.Conclusion:Bone marrow stem cell mobilization increases the density of macrophages in thrombus,enhances the function of macrophages in thrombus,promotes the process of thrombolysis and the absorption of thrombus.


External- propaganda translation plays a great importance in central China cultural transmission to the world. Through the analysis of the relation between external- propaganda translation and cultural soft power enhancement in central China during the construction of the Central China Economic Zone,some external-propaganda translation guidelines with strategic significance were put forward.


Background The use of face masks by children for the prevention of COVID 19 is still controversial, especially with regards to who should wear the face mask and at what age. Objectives The study aimed to ascertain the perception of mothers on masking in children as a preventive strategy for COVID-19. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study carried out in two health institutions among 387 mothers who presented with their children for the first time in the hospital during the COVID 19 pandemic. A pretested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire which was designed by the researchers was used for data collection. Results Minority (44.7%) of the mothers perceived masking in children as an appropriate measure for the prevention of COVID-19. The frequent reasons given by majority (55.3%) of the mothers for the inappropriateness of face mask in children included perceived difficulty in breathing (38.5%) and the child's readiness to pull it off (29.3%). A significantly higher proportion of the children whose mothers were 35 years and above, 64.2% would wear face masks when compared with 31.7% of those whose mothers were < 30 years of age (χ2 = 28.632, p<0.001). Similarly, a significantly higher proportion (51.0%) of the children who were more than one year of age would wear a face mask when compared with 20.5% of those aged eight days to one year (χ2 = 19.441, p<0.001). The children whose mothers were <30 years were about four times less likely to wear a face mask when compared with those whose mothers were aged 35 years and above. (AOR = 0.273; 95%CI: 0.155–0.478). The children whose fathers have attained tertiary education were about twice less likely to wear face masks when compared with those whose fathers have attained secondary education and less. (AOR = 0.554; 95%CI: 0.334–0.919). Mothers' perception of COVID-19 had no significant influence on children's use of face mask (χ2 = 2.337, p = 0.127) Conclusion Maternal perception of masking in children as an appropriate strategy for preventing COVID-19 is adjudged low in this study. Right perception is significantly enhanced by maternal educational status, employment and marital status.


The effects of optical heating via infrared free carrier absorption on the electron magneto-transport properties of n-InSb at helium temperatures have been studied for the first time. Oscillatory photoconductivity (OPC) type structure is seen in the photon energy dependence of the transport properties. A C0₂ laser (hω = 115 to 135 meV) was used as the optical source. Concentrations between 1 x 10¹⁵ cm⁻³ and 2 x 10¹⁶ cm⁻³ were studied. The conclusions of this study are that the energy relaxation of high energy photoexcited electrons, generated by free carrier absorption of C0₂ laser radiation in degenerate n-InSb at liquid helium temperatures, is by emission of a maximum number of optical phonons, and that this relaxation mechanism produces OPC type structure in the photon energy dependence of the electron temperature of the conduction band electron gas. This structure is seen, therefore, in the transport properties of the sample, including the Shubnikovde Haas effect, the effective absorption coefficient, and the photoconductivity (mobility) response (lower concentrations only). In addition, the highest concentration studied, nₑ = ~2 x 10¹⁶ cm⁻³, sets an experimental lower limit on the concentration at which electron-electron scattering will become the dominant energy relaxation mechanism for the photoexcited electrons, since OPC effects were present in this sample.


We consider the diffractive photo-production of vector mesons on a proton, in the dipole model. We take into account the effect of the fluctuations of the the dipole size, whose magnitude is controlled by the overlap between the photon and the vector meson wave functions. Our predictions for the incoherent diffractive cross section, obtained within the Impact Parameter Saturation Model (IPSat), are shown to be in excellent agreement with the HERA data on $J/\Psi$ photo-production, down to very low momentum transfer, where the dipole size fluctuations are shown to play an essential role. This study complements, without introducing any additional parameter, previous treatments of incoherent diffractive processes in terms of fluctuations of the proton shape, by adding another source of ``geometrical'' fluctuations, namely those coming from the splitting of the photon into color dipoles of various sizes.


This study aimed to compare the performance of the Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) and Bank DKI in the period March 2002-December 2006. Performance measures are determined based on financial ratios of CAR, NPL, ROE, ROA, and ROA LDR. The results showed that there are significant differences in CAR, ROA, LDR, and ROA between BMI and Bank DKI. While for the NPL ratio and ROE is not there a significant difference between BMI and Bank DKI.


. We develop a new general purpose MCMC sampler for arbitrary continuous distributions that requires no tuning. We call this MCMC the t-walk . The t-walk maintains two independent points in the sample space, and all moves are based on proposals that are then accepted with a standard Metropolis-Hastings acceptance probability on the product space. Hence the t-walk is provably convergent under the usual mild requirements. We restrict proposal distributions, or 'moves', to those that produce an algorithm that is invariant to scale, and approximately invariant to affine transformations of the state space. Hence scaling of proposals, and effectively also coordinate transformations, that might be used to increase efficiency of the sampler, are not needed since the t-walk's operation is identical on any scaled version of the target distribution. Four moves are given that result in an effective sampling algorithm. We use the simple device of updating only a random subset of coordinates at each step to allow application of the t-walk to high-dimensional problems. In a series of test problems across dimensions we find that the t-walk is only a small factor less efficient than optimally tuned algorithms, but significantly outperforms general random-walk M-H samplers that are not tuned for specific problems. Further, the t-walk remains effective for target distributions for which no optimal affine transformation exists such as those where correlation structure is very different in differing regions of state space. Several examples are presented showing good mixing and convergence characteristics, varying in dimensions from 1 to 200 and with radically different scale and correlation structure, using exactly the same sampler. The t-walk is available for R, Python, MatLab and C++ at http://www.cimat.mx/~jac/twalk/ .


This article presents data of one of the studies developed in the thesis "The narrative text as therapeutic intervention in written language problems in adolescence" (Grohs, 2009): a structural analysis of the narrative text produced in psychoanalytical psychotherapy. This analysis points to the possibility of using the narrative text as an instrument of intervention and of measuring results in research in clinic psychotherapy of adolescents who present symptoms in written language learning. Keywords: structural analysis, narrative, psychotherapy, psychoanalytical.


There was no inversion or eversion of either foot; 10 degrees of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion was present but the movements of the left foot were painful. There was an acutely tender bony spur in front of the left ankle. Radiographs showed bilateral absence of the talus with some degenerative changes in the nearthrosis between the lower end of the tibia and the navicular (Fig 3A, B). On 26.9.68 the bony spur in the left foot was excised, since which time the left foot has remained pain free.


In this paper the principal components of the Management Plan of Numancia (Soria) are exposed. Its aim is to integrate the different activities (research, conservation, diffusion and management) that have been undertaken at this historic site. For their better understanding, some previous considerations are presented about the ''leisure culture ", tourism and Archaeology, as well as about the ideological use and the mental reconstruction of the past, having always the site of Numancia as a reference. Afterwards we expose the need of reconstructions made in situ as a means to offer a comprehensible and living past. Finally, these programs of work are evaluated in relation with the evolution of the number of visitors and the socioeconomic implications.


Submitted for the MAR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Morphological Determinants of Yield Stress for Semicrystalline Ethylene / Methacrylic Acid Copolymers ROBERT SCOGNA, RICHARD REGISTER, Princeton University — Reducing the crystal thickness of ethylene/αolefin copolymers typically results in a decrease in the measured yield stress. However, statistical incorporation of methacrylic acid, also a noncrystallizable comonomer, actually increases the yield stress at room temperature. The yield stress for ethylene/methacrylic acid (E/MAA) copolymers as a function of temperature and test rate is described using a model which accounts for polyethylene crystal plasticity through thermal nucleation of screw dislocations in addition to the effects of incomplete relaxation of the amorphous fraction at the strain rate employed. This is possible using a small number of physically reasonable best-fit parameters. Yield stress master curves can be constructed for any material that obeys the model; such curves have been constructed for a low-density polyethylene and five copolymers of varying MAA content from data taken at various strain rates and temperatures. The master curves clearly show that this unusual behavior of the yield stress is caused by the increase in β relaxation temperature with increasing MAA content, as seen via dynamic mechanical testing.


Aims. We study the impact of grain-grain collisions in C-type shocks propagating in dense clouds (n H ≥ 10 4 cm -3 ) on the evolution of the dust size distribution, the shock dynamics and the release of chemical species into the gas phase such as SiO. Methods. Our shock code for transverse C-type shocks is extended to self-consistently couple the charge, dynamics and evolution of the size distributions of silicate and carbon grains with the shock dynamics. Dust processes included are sputtering in gas-grain collisions, vaporisation and shattering in grain-grain collisions. Results. Grain shattering and its feedback onto the dynamics of C-type shocks is found to be only significant at densities higher than ∼10 5 cm -3 . Numerous small grains are produced in the shock through the fragmentation of large grains. C shocks are therefore shorter and warmer when shattering is included. Vaporisation is more efficient than sputtering at destroying grain cores. In particular, vaporisation destroys dust at low shock velocities where sputtering is inefficient (20-25 km s -1 ). Unlike sputtering, vaporisation produces SiO early in the shock, which may affect the SiO emission line profiles. All these effects are found to be negligible below a density of ∼10 4 cm -3 .


According to the rattan distribution region, the division region is delimited. On the basis of the results of principal component analysis and clustering analysis on six climatic factors which are closely related to the growth and ecological characters of rattans, the climatic region of rattan cultivation have been divided. Then, in accordance with the achievement of comprehensive rattan research and experience of rattan cultivation, together with the cultivation requirements of main commercial rattan species, the whole region suitable for rattan planting in the south of china is divided into four divisions, and suitable commercial rattan species as well as their planting technique for each division are presented in this paper.


Landslide damming of river is very common in mountainous regions,and the stability coefficients of natural dams are rather low,so they are prone to break under the induction of rainstorm,earthquake and other factors.The successive outburst flood will destroy all sorts of installations,even seriously threaten the safety of residents in downstream watercourse and banks,so it is of great significance to carry out outburst flood computation.Among those factors which affect the degree of flood disaster,peak discharge and flood peak are two important index.In this paper,peak discharge under the case of instantaneous break of natural dam is discussed taking advantage of computation method of man-made dam proposed by Prof.Xie Renzhi.Based on the actual breach condition of natural dam,the shape of break section is reasonably analyzed,the width of break section in computation formula is modified.The result is proved to be reliable by survey of dam breach flood in history.All these provide a new way for outburst flood calculation and also provide theoretical foundation for outburst flood disaster evaluation of natural dams.


In the article the analysis of computer simulation of vetroenergetichesky installation, calculation of flow, fundamental aerodynamic forces and moments occurring at the single and durational wind installation when its blowing wind flow using software.


We prove that for a generic skew product with circle fiber over an Anosov diffeomorphism the Milnor attractor (also called the likely limit set) coincides with the statistical attractor, is Lyapunov stable, and either has zero Lebesgue measure or coincides with the whole phase space. As a consequence we conclude that such skew product is either transitive or has non-wandering set of zero measure. The result is proved under the assumption that the fiber maps preserve the orientation of the circle, and the skew product is partially hyperbolic.


Abstract. A study was performed to establish the dynamic behavior in situ of the descending aorta in the human fetus. The pulsatile movements of the vessel walls were recorded in 36 clinically normal fetuses using a real‐time phase‐locked ultrasonic system measuring echo movements with high spatial and temporal resolution. The mean amplitude of the diameter pulsations was similar in the 28th 35th week to that in the 36th 40th week but, as the apparent diastolic diameter increased, the pulse‐elicited increment of the cross‐sectional area was 29% larger in the older group. The diastolic diameter decreased (p<0.001) and the amplitude of the diameter pulsation increased (p<0.001) with prolongation of the previous beat interval. The diameter pulse velocity was positively correlated to gestational age (p<0.001), ranging between 1.35 and 2.89 m/sec. The incremental phase of the pulse curve diminished in duration with increasing distance from the heart (p< 0.001) and with decreasing duration of the previous beat interval (p< 0.001). The maximum slope of the incremental phase was higher in the more distal part of the aorta (p<0.001). The study demonstrates that the diameter pulses contain useful information on the cardiovascular dynamics and provides evidence that the Frank‐Starling mechanism is effective also in the human fetus.


Identification of amino acids is essential for the evaluation of protein structure and also for the determination of the presence of amino acids in natural products. D-Camphor-10-sulphonic acid–ninhydrin can produce various distinguishable colours when it reacts with amino acids, whereas ninhydrin itself produces the same purple colour with most of them. The detection limits for amino acids for the proposed spray reagent range between 0.4 and 2.0 µg, under cold conditions, and 0.2 and 1.0 µg, after heating.


Media debate in Australia too often centres around television. This causes a problem for radio and an even greater problem for non-commercial high quality radio. Does anyone care about the upper end of the radio market any more? The paper argues that a significant portion of the public does care. The paper outlines changes in the networks undertaken since the beginning of 1988, which have seen a reorganisation of programming, a restructuring of production operations. a move to more interstate programming, an increase in Australian music content. a stronger editorial focus - and the removal of Parliamentary broadcasts after a 40-year campaign. The groundwork has now been laid organisationally, financially and in programming terms so that the two national quality ABC Radio networks can develop in the 19908. All they need now is bigger audiences to keep the politicians and the economic rationalists happy...


Written in a first person "quest for knowledge hidden for thousands of years" style this is an entertaining trip around Greece, ancient and modern in search of "the last secrets of antiquity". There is, to be fair also a surprising amount of detailed research on Greek Oracles, and the ways in which they were viewed by contemporaries.


Commercial Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation ionospheric measurements collected by the Spire CubeSat constellation could significantly improve the determination of the global ionospheric state. However, the systematic validation work is needed before using the Spire data for scientific and assimilative purposes. In this work, the electron density profiles retrieved from Spire total electron content measurements using Abel inversion corrected by horizontal asymmetry are compared to digisonde measurements and Arecibo incoherent scatter radar data. Four events when the radio occultation measurements occurred close to three digisondes showed a strong agreement between these independent measurements. The comparison of F 2 layer peak and height obtained from Spire data to digisonde measurements at 34 stations around the globe from Global Ionospheric Radio Observatory network also showed a strong agreement. Additionally, a good agreement was obtained in the comparison of Spire profiles with Arecibo electron density measurements.


In their article Saper et al. propose to include in future iterations of the International Headache Society (IHS) classification the behavioural aspects of medication overuse headache (1). In principle I agree. Many patients with medication overuse headache (MOH) have psychiatric comorbidity (depression, anxiety disorders) and many are addicted to their headache medication. This problem is more often seen in the USA than in other countries. Many European countries banned barbiturates from pain medication within the last 20 years. In Germany this happened in 1979 after we had published about the addictive properties of barbiturates in headache patients (2). Within a few weeks many headache patients were admitted to neurology or psychiatry departments either with withdrawal symptoms or with seizures. Opioids are not popular and are not used in Europe for the treatment of headache. Again, this problem is much more prominent in the USA. Europeans and physicians in other countries have parenteral treatment options in the emergency room for the treatment of acute headache not available in the USA, such as i.v. aspirin (3), i.v. paracetamol or i.v. dipyrone (4, 5). Basically there are two approaches to the problem: one can amend the IHS classification to include 'complex' MOH requiring drug withdrawal and a programme for the treatment of addiction and psychiatric comorbidity. A much better way would be an initiative from physicians and patient groups to ban the use of barbiturates in pain medication and to teach physicians and patients that opioids are not an appropriate treatment for headache. Another important aspect mentioned by Saper et al. is the fact that many patients with MOH continue the use of their medication even if it is no longer effective (1). We observed in our study published in 1984 a much higher use of nasal decongestants and laxatives as well as sleeping pills in migraine patients with MOH than in controls. The misuse is usually not captured when taking the history. The final aspect is the success of drug withdrawal. Our prospective studies in MOH patients showed a low relapse rate in patients overusing triptans while almost all patients with opioid use relapsed after initially successful withdrawal (6, 7). This is an additional argument for avoiding opioids for the treatment of headache.


Zoltan Boldizsar Simon is a research fellow at Bielefeld University (Germany) and assistant professor at Leiden University (Netherlands). He has recently been working at the intersection of historical thinking and societal challenges posed by technology and the Anthropocene in the contemporary world. His recent publications include The Epochal Event (Palgrave, 2020), History in Times of Unprecedented Change (Bloomsbury, 2019) and Os teoricos da historia tem uma teoria da historia? (Milfontes, 2019). The interview was organized and translated by Felipe Ziotti Narita. Proofreading: Sinmi Akin-Aina. Bilingual version available here (Portuguese-English).


Dr. Carta is a senior scientist in the Institute for Life Span Studies and professor of special education at the University of Kansas. She has directed a number of federally funded research centers and projects focused on developing practices that teachers and parents can use to promote children's early learning, particularly in vulnerable populations. Her key research and policy interests include tiered intervention models for advancing children's language, early literacy, and social-emotional development; methods for monitoring children's progress; and commu-nitywide interventions for promoting early learning. She was the co-director of the Center for Response to Intervention in Early Childhood. She currently co-directs the Bridging the Word Gap Research Network, a collaborative of over 150 researchers, program implementers, civic leaders, and policymakers seeking to find bet-ter ways to enhance young children's language-learning environments. She was formerly a teacher of young children with special needs, a member of the Federal Advisory Panel on Head Start Research and Evaluation, a commissioner on the Division for Early Childhood's Commission on Recommended Practices, and the editor of Topics in Early Childhood Special Education. learning and social-emotional tiered-instructional models. Her professional part-nership work includes direct services, consultative supports, and coaching strategies for moving programs into MTSS frameworks. Additionally, she ensures that professional preservice and in-service training and licensure efforts to create a workforce prepared to provide effective and efficient services in this framework. Dr. Young's scholarship includes grant-funded work resulting in numerous pre-sentations, published curricula, book chapters, and data-based and practitioner-oriented articles. She is currently examining methods to prepare early childhood educators to design and deliver multi-week, interdisciplinary instructional units that develop children's vocabulary skills within proactive social-emotional settings. Dr. Young is also examining preparation of directors/principals and teacher-leaders who can engage in leadership behaviors that will continue moving early learning programs into effective and efficient MTSS frameworks. Dr. Mary Abbott is a research scientist focusing in areas of literacy instruction. Her research areas of interest include preschool, K–12, adult literacy instruction and implementation, literacy assessment, Response to Intervention/multi-tiered systems of support (RTI/MTSS), and teacher professional development. Early Literacy Indicators (PELI), a measure of early literacy skills. She her in special education with an emphasis in early intervention from the University of Oregon where her research interests included dual language development and educational supports for children with autism spectrum disorder. Dr. Lise Fox is a professor in the Department of Child and Family Studies at the University of South Florida. She is one of the developers of the Pyramid Model for Promoting Social Emotional Competence in Infants and Young Children and is engaged in national training and technical assistance for implementation of the approach. Her research areas include: Positive behavior support, classroom coaching of early educators, data-based decision-making, and program-wide implementation and scale-up. Dr. Christa D. Haring served as a special educator, speech-language pathologist, and teacher educator for 10 years in public schools, spurring her interest in identifying ways to measure and improve outcomes for low-performing teachers and students. Currently, she teaches educator preparation courses centered on instructional practices to improve reading skills for students with dyslexia. Her research focuses on language and literacy interventions for parents and teachers, and innovative community programs supporting children from high-poverty areas. University. Her research focuses on effective instruction, supporting social emotional development and addressing challenging behavior, and coaching teachers. She has been a principal investigator (PI) or Co-PI on numerous projects funded by the U.S. Departments of Education and Health and Human Services. Through her work on the National Center on the Social Emotional Foundations for Early Learning and funded research projects, she was involved in the development of the Pyramid Model for Supporting Social Emotional Competence in Young Children and a model for coaching teachers to implement effective practices known as Practice Based Coaching. and education areas, with an emphasis on child welfare and early childhood service contexts. Her work focuses in several key areas including the development of evidence-informed practice models; the use of effective implementation and scaling strategies to improve the application of evidence in service delivery systems; and the development of coaching, continuous quality improvement, and sustainability strategies. She is Co-Chair for the Global Implementation Conference, a part of the Global Implementation Initiative. Dr. Metz is co-editor of Applying Implementation Science in Early Childhood Programs and Systems (with T. Halle & I. Martinez-Beck; Paul H., Brookes Publishing Co., 2013). Dr. Arnold Olszewski is an assistant professor and speech-language pathologist in the Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology at Miami University. His research focuses on developing feasible, evidence-based language and literacy interventions for young children. Dr. Olszewski's research has been published in various journals and presented at national conferences. multi-tiered systems of framework in preschools serving at-risk Dr. Alisha Wackerle-Hollman is an educational psychologist whose research ad-dresses both development of English, Spanish, and Hmong early literacy and language measures for preschool-age students as well as the design and evaluation of parent education programs. She is the co-director of the IGDIlab, a research lab at the University of Minnesota where she has secured over 5 million dollars in funding since 2012. Dr. Wackerle-Hollman's work focuses on measurement systems designed to evaluate progress on language and literacy in English- and Spanish-speaking preschoolers and the adaptation of these measures for use on tablet devices. She is specifically interested in using data from these measurement platforms to support effective data-based decision making in the context of multi-tiered systems of support. best available go-to resource on MTSS and young children." change-driver…walk[s] the reader through making the needed [system improvement] upgrades with specific examples, checklists, and video demonstrations. Carta and Young have provided a book that can equip readers to make a difference in the lives of young children."


Production of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] leaves as vegetables is the primary goal of many producers. Little is known about how leaf harvesting practices affect N 2 fixation and leaf and grain yields. Better information would help optimize overall production of leaves and grain. The objective of this study was to establish an optimal time from crop emergence when harvesting of leaves can be initiated and a frequency of leaf harvesting that would give good vegetable leaf yield without compromising grain yield and N 2 fixation. Two cowpea cultivars, Kathoka and Ex-Luanda were used. Leaf harvesting initiation (LHI) was at 2, 4, or 5 wk after emergence (WAE). Leaf harvesting frequency was at 7- or 14-d intervals. Kathoka produced higher total leaf weight than Ex-Luanda, while Ex-Luanda produced more grain yield and nodule weight than Kathoka. Initiating leaf harvesting at 2 WAE gave higher leaf yield but lower grain yield and nodule weight. Initiating leaf harvesting at 5 WAE gave very low leaf yields but high grain yield, as might be expected. Optimum LHI was at 4 WAE and provided adequate leaf yield with acceptable grain yield and nodule weight. Weekly leaf harvesting gave higher leaf yield but lower grain yield and nodule weight than biweekly leaf harvesting. Control plants had the highest grain yield and nodule weight. These data show that producers could potentially optimize production of leaf and grain according to their goals.


The incidence of local recurrence of colo-rectal carcinoma is about 15-50%. The parietal recurrence is localized next parietal incision and its incidence is rare (0.2-2%). The treatment of this lesion is based on palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy; the surgical treatment is based on parietal resection. The Authors describe a case of parietal recurrence after colo-rectal adenocarcinoma and conclude that the prognosis of this lesions is infaust.


Pediatricians have an obligation to aid children and adolescents who are exposed to family alcohol or other drug abuse or dependence. Asking the right questions, showing empathy, and guiding patients and families to available resources are the keys to motivating change.